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CONTACT STRESS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

爀䰀漀眀攀爀 刀椀最栀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀攀爀最礀⸀最 ......CONTACT STRESS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Image sources:\爀唀瀀瀀攀爀 䰀攀昀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀

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Page 1: 爀䰀漀眀攀爀 刀椀最栀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀攀爀最礀⸀最 ......CONTACT STRESS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Image sources:\爀唀瀀瀀攀爀 䰀攀昀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀

CONTACT STRESS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Image sources: Upper Left: http://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/civil-engineers.htm Lower Left: http://www.usbr.gov/lc/phoenix/AZ100/1970/roosevelt_dam.html Lower Center: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/00jan/alongroad.cfm Upper Right: http://www.deldot.gov/home/employment/recruitment/deldotopportunity.shtml Lower Right: http://energy.gov/articles/building-better-transmission-tower
Page 2: 爀䰀漀眀攀爀 刀椀最栀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀攀爀最礀⸀最 ......CONTACT STRESS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Image sources:\爀唀瀀瀀攀爀 䰀攀昀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀

Introduction

1

Skyscrapers Bridges Dams

How are these constructions supported?

Why are all these large constructions standing, stable and straight?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Image sources: Left (skyscraper): http://www.nyc.gov/html/records/html/features/lense.shtml Center (bridge): http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bridges/queensboro.shtml Right (dam): http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Powerplant.jsp?fac_Name=Hungry+Horse+Powerplant
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2

Civil Engineering field is enormous

These structures include shallow foundations (footings), deep foundations (piles and drilled piers), retaining walls, dams, embankments, tunnels, etc. Let’s CONCENTRATE on Foundations

An area of civil engineering that focuses on working under ground is called Geotechnical Engineering

• Geotechnical engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the properties and materials of the Earth.

• Geotechnical engineers work with data

from soil and rock samples to specify the requirements for design and construction of engineered structures.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Image source: http://landslides.usgs.gov/monitoring/dunsmore/rtd/soilmoisture.php
Page 4: 爀䰀漀眀攀爀 刀椀最栀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀攀爀最礀⸀最 ......CONTACT STRESS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Image sources:\爀唀瀀瀀攀爀 䰀攀昀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀

Support the structure’s load

Foundations systems in civil engineering

3

Provide stability to the structure: What is the purpose of building a foundation?

a

Reduce the contact stress on the ground

b

Minimize severe deformation (or settlements) Cost efficiency

c

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Image sources: Top: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/technologies/building_envelope_research.html Bottom: http://www.newportbeachca.gov/index.aspx?page=1854
Page 5: 爀䰀漀眀攀爀 刀椀最栀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀攀爀最礀⸀最 ......CONTACT STRESS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Image sources:\爀唀瀀瀀攀爀 䰀攀昀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀

Designing a foundation

4

Soil profile (layers, water, etc.) Load Importance and service of structure

1

2

3

There are several things to consider when designing/ building a foundation?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Image sources: Top: http://www.wakeforestnc.gov/soil-erosion-101-.aspx Center: http://www.allentownpa.gov/Visitors/HistoricalAllentown/tabid/72/Default.aspx Bottom: http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/partnerships/regional/region6/john_james_final_pic.html
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Understand our type of soil

5

Before designing the foundation, soil profile and its behavior are

determined.

1

Sand

Gravel

Clay

Rock

Defining a type of foundation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Image sources: Upper left: http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=631 Upper right: http://www.blm.gov/id/st/en/Districts-Idaho/IFD/challis/minerals.print.html Lower left: http://www.ci.frisco.tx.us/departments/publicworks/water/lawnGarden/Pages/SoilType.aspx Lower right: http://mcclintock.house.gov/2011/05/congressman-tom-mcclintock-announces-congressional-art-competition-winners.shtml
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Know your load

6

2

Defining a type of foundation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Image sources: Left: Katierae12, Wikimedia Commons, Creative Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Penguin-with-a-heavy-load.jpg Right: Quistnix!, Wikimedia Commons, Creative Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Quistnix!_-_Heavy_Load_-_the_Transformers_are_coming_-_5_(CC-BY-SA).jpg
Page 8: 爀䰀漀眀攀爀 刀椀最栀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀攀爀最礀⸀最 ......CONTACT STRESS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Image sources:\爀唀瀀瀀攀爀 䰀攀昀琀㨀 栀琀琀瀀㨀

Define the importance and service of the structure 3

7

Defining a type of foundation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Image Sources Upper Left: http://www.nps.gov/vafo/historyculture/arch.htm Lower Left: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/eihd/navajo.htm Upper Right: http://godden.seattle.gov/2012/02/09/all-roads-lead-to-downtown/ Lower Right: http://outdoornebraska.ne.gov/blogs/2010/10/heading-to-the-gavins-point-dam-area/
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What does this mean for us?

8

Weight ( ) of your feet

Your weightStressArea Area

σ = =

Our weight can be found by using a scale

The area of our foot can be found by tracing its outline on graph

paper and counting the squares within the outline

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Image Sources: Left: http://womenshealth.gov/fitness-nutrition/food-fitness-healthy-weight/ Right: FA RenLis, Wikimedia Commons, Creative Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Children_foot.jpg