沼气工程物料和运行优化技术分享及未来信息化平台展望 · 2016-11-16 · 1st SINO-EU 2016 Bio -Natural Gas Summit (2016.11.2-5 Beijing) key elements for biogas

feedstock & process optimization of biogas production and data management prospective

沼气工程物料和运行优化技术分享及未来信息化平台展望

Dr. Jing Liu 刘京

Bioprocess Control Sweden AB 1st SINO-EU 2016 Bio-Natural Gas Summit 中欧生物天然气高峰论坛

outline

key elements for biogas plant operation

fermentation tests in batch and continuous procedures

increasing functionality and quality demands on system setup

data management prospective

1st SINO-EU 2016 Bio-Natural Gas Summit (2016.11.2-5 Beijing)

anaerobic digestion process

complexity at systematic, plant-wide and biological levels

highly complex and dynamic interaction between feedstock and anaerobic bacteria, where

microbiological, biochemical & physico-chemical aspects are closely interrelated - multi-step process with different reaction rates

- more than hundred microorganisms involved

- difficult to monitor and control in real time (hardly to foresee what will happen)

- operated far below the max. capacity

- feedstocks are never constant in quality and quantity

- degradation process is highly dynamic due to:

- bacteria adaptation/inhibition and enrichment

- physico-chemical interactions and accumulation

- equipment and operation failures

disturbances vs. operational stability and efficiency


key elements for biogas production in plant-wide view

right feedstock, pre-treatment and pricing

right process configuration & instrumentation to ensure operational

stability and flexibility for plant operation

suitable process control and plant supervision at both process &

plant-wide levels

• A biogas plant is not only biological fermentation process

• All process units have to work together in order to ensure the

plant is well-functional

high market value of end product to create a sufficient driving force

for business development and commercial interest

biomass and digestate transportation and handling

professional technical and management personnel


feedstock/substrate is the key

a clear trend - biowaste is resource rather than problem

- biowaste is never constant in quality and quantity - Increasing demand for quality analysis

of feedstock in regular time base

- knowledge on substrates in terms of types, availability, physical & biochemical properties

can give a big impact on biogas plant design and process configuration

- knowledge on substrates has big impact on plant operation, i.e. selection, quality control

and prising substrates

- possibilities of feedstock optimization , such as co-digestion, additives and pre-treatment,

bacteria adaption, etc.


methodology for process optimization

fermentation tests in laboratory scale

– batch procedure

– continuous procedure

commonly used in academic research and development

very labour-, time- and skill-demanding work

not commonly used in in industrial operation

very important step to gain knowledge and experience for plan

- feasibility study

- design process configuration

- plant operation


fermentation test – batch procedure

Good information on

- fundamental evaluation of biomethane/biogas yield and anaerobic biodegradability of feedstock

- qualitative investigation of anaerobic degradation, i.e. kinetic profile of degradation

- qualitative evaluation of inhibitory effect

No information on

- process stability in continuously fed bioreactors

- biogas yield under practical condition due to possible negative or positive synergistic effects

- mono-fermentability of feedstock under process condition

- limits of the organic loading rate per reactor volume

Fermentation test in batch procedures is method for investigation of substrate characterisitics and metabolic activity of bacteria

examples: biochemcial methane potential (BMP), biogas potential test (ISO 11734), anaerobic biodegradation test (ISO 14853; ISO 15985), substrate inhibitory test (ISO 13641), specific methanogenic activity (SMA)


fermentation test – continuous procedure

Good information on

- long-timebase data about the gas yield, gas composition, degradation of substrate and any

problem in the degradation process which may occur

- physico-chemical properties of substrates affect the fermentation process

- optimized substrate feed, control strategies, start-up operation, stress factors, reactor

design/configuration

- formation and accumulation of metabolic intermediates and their influence on process

stability and efficiency

No information on

- substrate characterisitics and metabolic activity of bacteria

- substrate inhibition and toxicity

Fermentation test in continuous procedures is method for investigation of process operational conditions to achieve an

optimum degradation and gas yield 1st SINO-EU 2016 Bio-Natural Gas Summit (2016.11.2-5 Beijing)

fermentation test apparatus – batch procedures

Manometric measurements

- calcuate the biogas/biomethane volume via measuring pressure increases in closed vessels

- analyse biogas composition using gas chromatography

Volumetric measurements

- directly measuring biogas volume from reactor vessels without building up overpressure

- analyse biogas composition using gas chromatography

serum bottle water displacement

Manometric measuring principle Volumetric measuring principle



example of system setup based on manometric principle



example of system setup based on volumetric principle


technological challenges – batch procedures

Lack of standardization

- difficult to compare the results among different batch analysis

Time consuming, skill demanding and labour intensive procedure

- too costly for routine analysis in industry

Risk of experimental error due to manual operation

- demand experience and skill on individuals

Manual sampling and data registration in poor quality

- risk of missing important info on kinetic profile

- both accumulated volume and kinetic degradation profile are

important


increasing functionality and quality demands on system setup – batch procedures

high precision & accuracy in continuous monitoring of biomethane/biogas

production for extracting process kinetic information

minimised manual operation to reduce random errors

standardization of data interpretation and presentation

high accessibility for monitoring and data visualization

reduced time, labour and skill demand for both industrial and academic

applications


fermentation test apparatus – continuous procedures

Simple continuous fermentation test unit

substrate feeding

temperature control

agitation

digestate discharing

biogas

fundamental elements

- Bioreactor with various configurations

- Agitation or mixing

- Temperature control

key variables to be controlled & analysed

- Feeding

- Discharging

- Biogas production

how to operate?

- Manual feeding and discharging

- Manual sampling and data registration



Advanced continuous fermentation test unit

substrate feeding

temperature control

agitation

digestate discharing

biogas

data logger & control system

on-line sensors

actuators

actuators

actuators

step 1: improvement on process monitoring

- on-line sensors (gas flow, composition, pH, temperature,

etc.)

- real-time data logging

step 2: improvement on automation

- actuators (feeding & discharging pump,

valves, agitator, etc.)

- process automation

step 3: possibilities for process control

- automated operation according to pre-

defined and control sequence

- process control strategies for optimization 1st SINO-EU 2016 Bio-Natural Gas Summit (2016.11.2-5 Beijing)


examples of system setup


technological challenges – continuous procedures

Large system variations due to the large differences in feedstock, reactor

& process configuration

Test apparatus is hardly to be standardized and always require certain

level of customization

Very time consuming and labour intensive routine work to follow up the

continuous fermentation test over long-time period – too costly to be

widely implemented in industry

Risk of experimental error due to manual operation – demand

experience and skill on individuals

Manual sampling, analysis and data registration in poor quality

- labour intensive work for a large amount of data over time

- poor data quality


High precision & accuracy in continuous monitoring of key process parameters

Standardization of registered parameters, data interpretation and presentation

Long-term stability and large capacity for data logging and handling

User friendly system for both easy experiment setup and follow-up

Minimised manual handling and analysis to reduce random errors

High accessibility for monitoring and data visualization

Reduced time, labour and skill demand for both industrial and academic applications

increasing functionality and quality demands on system setup – continuous procedures

Priority order: monitoring automation process control


stable and efficient (profitable) plant operation requires extensive knowledge on both

feedstock and process dynamic

extensive knowledge relies on more off-line & on-line analysis and automation for process

diagnosis and supervision

utilization of smart instruments allows data rich in both quality and quantity with less

manpower, time and skill

gather and manage key process data in efficient matter meet increasing demands on

optimization of process operation and authority management

match perfectly with the concept of “internet of things”

Demands on data and information management for plant operation

data management prospective - road map in biogas sector

BiogasNet

Process simulation - BioReactor Simulator Substrate analysis - AMPTS

BRS Cloud

Full-scale biogas plants

Smart Data Network


immature industry (business model, professional talent, supplier chain, etc)

insufficient incentive and modification in very recent years

- low energy price

- Instable and short-term policy support

conservative industry and personal barrier

certainly there is risk

- technology and business confidential to third party

- network security

less resistance to be implemented within signal organization

varies according to countries and market develop

a long and non-smooth journey

data management prospective - challenges


Thank you for listening !


Dr. Jing Liu 刘京

Bioprocess Control AB Scheelevägen 22, 223 63 Lund Sweden www.bioprocesscontrol.com

http://www.bioprocesscontrol.com/�

Documents

沼气工程物料和运行优化技术分享及未来信息化平台展望 · 2016-11-16 · 1st SINO-EU 2016 Bio -Natural Gas Summit (2016.11.2-5 Beijing) key elements for biogas