中研院生物多樣性研究中心 Biodiversity Research …ocw.aca.ntu.edu.tw/ocw_files/100S108/100S108_GE07L01.pdfBiodiversity of the Intertidal ecosystems Dr. Benny K.K. Chan

Biodiversity of the Intertidal ecosystems

Dr. Benny K.K. Chan

中研院生物多樣性研究中心 Biodiversity Research Center

Academia Sinica, Taiwan 本著作除另有註明外，採取創用CC「姓名標示－非商業性－相同方式分享」台灣3.0版授權釋出 Unless noted, the course materials are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Taiwan (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

Academia Sinica Benny K K Chan

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/tw/















Academia Sinica Benny K. K. Chan

Intertidal environment

• Habitat at the junction between the sea and land

• Immersed in water during high tide, exposed to air during low tides

• Tide – important factor in affect their ecology


Why study intertidal environment? • Coastal Ecology –

Intertidal environment • All coastlines in the world • Rocky shores, Sandy

shores, mangroves and artificial shorelines

• Ecology of the organisms • Global importance!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain

Aims of the lecture today

• What are intertidal ecosystems

• Biodiversity of organisms in the intertidal systems

Learning outcomes

• At the end of the lecture, you should be able to:

• Describe the major intertidal organisms living in Taiwan

• Conservation of the Taiwan intertidal environment

Tides

• Interactions of earth’ s self rotation, gravitational pulls of Moon and Sun

• In general – there are two high tides and two low tides in one day

http://get.nccu.edu.tw:8080/getcdb/handle/getcdb/127023%23getcdb_icon

Intertidal environment

• If there are two high tides and two low tides a day

• The intertidal zone is exposed to air two times (each about 6 hours) in one day

Taiwan marine environment

NASA World Wind JAVA SDK

NASA World Wind JAVA SDK

http://get.nccu.edu.tw:8080/getcdb/handle/getcdb/127023


Zonation patterns



Exposed rocky shores



The University of Hong Kong Gray A . Williams

High Shores Periwinkles:

Nodilittorina radiata




Grazers • Mollusca – Feed on algae

Chiton: Acanthopleura japonica

Limpets:

Cellana toreuma

Limpets:

Cellana grata

The University of Hong Kong Gray A . Williams The University of Hong Kong Gray A . Williams The University of Hong Kong Gray A . Williams




Grazers – Gastropoda Feed on algae

Monodonta labio

Nerita lineata

Chlorostoma argyrostoma









Radula - teeth





Limpets (笠螺)



Homing behaviour





Experiments on homing behaviour of limpets

Chelazzi et al. (1998). Journal of Marine Biological Association of UK, 78: 1223-1232


Source: G. Chelazzi, G. Santini and P. Della Santina 1998. Route Selection in The Foraging of Patella Vulgata (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: p. 1223-1232. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4380884

G. Chelazzi, G. Santini and P. Della Santina


http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4380884




Homing pathways

G. Chelazzi, G. Santini and P. Della Santina 1998. Route Selection in The Foraging of Patella Vulgata (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: p. 1223-1232. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4380884





Source: G. Chelazzi, G. Santini and P. Della Santina 1998. Route Selection in The Foraging of Patella Vulgata (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: p. 1223-1232. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4380884





Not all limpets are ‘homing’ Davis et al. 2006. Marine Biology 149:775-787

• Cellana grata • No homing activity • Respond to tides

The University of Hong Kong Gray A . Williams

Source: Mark S. Davies, M. Edwards and Gray A. Williams 2006. Movement patterns of the limpet Cellana grata (Gould) observed over a continuous period through a changing tidal regime. Marine Biology 149: p. 775-787. http://www.springerlink.com/content/640p72l651051748/ Mark S. Davies, M. Edwards and Gray A. Williams

http://www.springerlink.com/content/640p72l651051748/





Mid shore: Algae and Cyanobacteria

Ralfsia expansa Kyrtuthrix maculans

Hildenbrandia rubra







Barnacles - Crustaceans

Academia Sinica Benny K. K. Chan Academia Sinica Benny K. K. Chan



Barnacles –sessile (cannot move)

The Seashore Website Dale Fort Field Centre

Yarmouth High School Biology Wiki user: sam_kapner


http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/




Charles Darwin

• 1859: Origin of species

• 10 years of barnacle taxonomy studies

• 1851-1854 – 4 big monograph on fossil and living barnacles



Hermaphrodite




Life cycle – planktonic larval stage – sessile adult stage

蚤狀幼體腺介幼體


Cypris larvae






Barnacles as seafood






Barnacle collection in Spain



Hermit crab and sea anemone • Hermit crabs – specialized

crustacean that occupy empty sea shells for protection

• Dardanus spp. prefer to have sea anemone

• When hermit crabs grows bigger, they need find another bigger empty shell

• How to have sea anemone on the new shell?

• What is the relationship between the hermit crabs and the sea anemone?





Strandline High shore

Ghost crabs – Ocypode sp.

Academia Sinica Benny K. K. Chan Academia Sinica Benny K. K. Chan





Ghost crabs – Ocypode spp.

Source: Chan, BKK, Chan, KYY, Leung, PCM (2006) Hydrobiologia 560:43-49

B. K. K. Chan, K. K. Y. Chan and P. C. M. Leung.


Source: Chan, BKK, Chan, KYY, Leung, PCM (2006) Hydrobiologia 560:43-49

B. K. K. Chan, K. K. Y. Chan and P. C. M. Leung.


Mid shores

Clithon sp. Mud shrimp – Austinogebia edulis

Bivalves – Anomalocardia squamosa

Ochetostoma





Sand snails – Batillaria and Cerithidea









Mudshrimp: 鹿港蝦猴: 螻蛄蝦 (Austinogebia edulis)







Burrow of mudshrimps Li. H.Y., Lin F.J., Chan, BKK Chan T.Y. Journal of Zoology 2008: 1-11

Academia Sinica Benny K. K. Chan H. Y. Li, F.-J. Lin, B. K. K. Chan, and T.-Y. Chan




Who’s burrow??





Sand bubbler crabs

Scopimera bitympana




Deposit feeders


Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History Molly Ryan




Move in groups – Solider crabs

短趾和尚蟹








Temporary burrowers • Live within the sand by occasionally on

the surface

Uca vocans Academia Sinica Benny K. K. Chan



Scavengers

• Feed on carrion





Nassarius festivus

Fast moving rate and feeding rate. WHY??? Source: Figrue from: Liu, J.H., Morton, B., 1994. Food choice, detection, time spent feeding, consumption

and the effects of starvation on a subtidal scavenger, Nassarius siquijorensis (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), from Hong Kong. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), Proceedings of the III International Workshop on the Malacofauna of

Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong 1992, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 357–375.

Morton, B





Conservation of the intertidal • Do not over catch organisms

• Do not bring organisms back

to home’s aquarium

• Put back the organisms to its original positions after examination

• Do not step on corals





Learning outcomes

• At the end of the lecture, you should be able to:

• Describe the major intertidal organisms living in Taiwan

• Conservation of the Taiwan intertidal environment

Copyright Declaration Work Licensing Author/Source




Wiki Lokal_Profil http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BlankMap-World-162E-flat.svg 2011/11/10 visited

NOAA Tides & Currents http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/data_menu.shtml?bdate=20110701&edate=20110706&datum=6&unit=1&shift=g&stn=1612340+Honolulu%2C+HI&type=Tide+Data&format=View+Plot 2011/11/16 visited

NASA World Wind JAVA SDK http://goworldwind.org/demos/ 2011/10/3 visited Note: The original work is from World Wind Java SDK: http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/ It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of: NASA Web Privacy Policy and Photo Guidelines

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BlankMap-World-162E-flat.svg

http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/data_menu.shtml?bdate=20110701&edate=20110706&datum=6&unit=1&shift=g&stn=1612340+Honolulu,+HI&type=Tide+Data&format=View+Plot



http://goworldwind.org/demos/

http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/

http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html


http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain




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Work Licensing Author/Source

NASA World Wind JAVA SDK http://goworldwind.org/demos/ 2011/10/3 visited Note: The original work is from World Wind Java SDK: http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/ It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of: NASA Web Privacy Policy and Photo Guidelines




The University of Hong Kong Gray A . Williams This work is licensed by Gray A . Williams for the use of “The Biodiversity of Taiwan” course ONLY. The copyright belongs to the above mentioned entity and GET does not have the authorization right. Copyright privileges have to be negotiated with the copyright owner(s) for separately


http://goworldwind.org/demos/

http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/



http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html







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Academia Sinica Benny K. K. Chan This work is licensed by Benny K. K. Chan for the use of “The Biodiversity of Taiwan” course ONLY. The copyright belongs to the above mentioned entity and GET does not have the authorization right. Copyright privileges have to be negotiated with the copyright owner(s) for separately





G. Chelazzi, G. Santini and P. Della Santina 1998. Route Selection in The Foraging of Patella Vulgata (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: p. 1223-1232. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4380884 It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act



http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf







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Mark S. Davies, M. Edwards and Gray A. Williams 2006. Movement patterns of the limpet Cellana grata (Gould) observed over a continuous period through a changing tidal regime. Marine Biology 149: p. 775-787. http://www.springerlink.com/content/640p72l651051748/ It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of: •Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 •The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act

















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The Seashore Website Dale Fort Field Centre http://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/website/Energy/Feeding%20Methods.htm 2011/11/11 visited

Yarmouth High School Biology Wiki User: sam_kapner https://yhsbiology.wikispaces.com/file/detail/743a.jpg 2011/11/11 visited



http://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/website/Energy/Feeding Methods.htm

https://yhsbiology.wikispaces.com/file/detail/743a.jpg


http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/





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B. K. K. Chan, K. K. Y. Chan and P. C. M. Leung. 2006. Burrow Architecture of the Ghost Crab Ocypode ceratophthalma on a Sandy Shore in Hong Kong. Hydrobiologia 560: 43-49. http://www.springerlink.com/content/h1764140t7887686/ 2011/11/11 visited This work of the author is by Benny K. K. Chan for the use of “The Biodiversity of Taiwan” course ONLY. The copyright belongs to the above mentioned entity and GET does not have the authorization right. Copyright privileges have to be negotiated with the copyright owner(s) for separately. This work is used subject to the fair use doctrine of Taiwan Copyright Act by GET.

B. K. K. Chan, K. K. Y. Chan and P. C. M. Leung. 2006. Burrow Architecture of the Ghost Crab Ocypode ceratophthalma on a Sandy Shore in Hong Kong. Hydrobiologia 560: 43-49. http://www.springerlink.com/content/h1764140t7887686/ 2011/11/11 visited This work of the author is by Benny K. K. Chan for the use of “The Biodiversity of Taiwan” course ONLY. The copyright belongs to the above mentioned entity and GET does not have the authorization right. Copyright privileges have to be negotiated with the copyright owner(s) for separately. This work is used subject to the fair use doctrine of Taiwan Copyright Act by GET.





http://www.springerlink.com/content/h1764140t7887686/

http://www.springerlink.com/content/h1764140t7887686/







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H. Y. Li, F.-J. Lin, B. K. K. Chan, and T.-Y. Chan 2008. Burrow morphology and dynamics of mudshrimp in Asian soft shores. Journal of Zoology 274: p. 301-311 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00393.x/abstract 2011/11/11 visited This work of the author is by Benny K. K. Chan for the use of “The Biodiversity of Taiwan” course ONLY. The copyright belongs to the above mentioned entity and GET does not have the authorization right. Copyright privileges have to be negotiated with the copyright owner(s) for separately. This work is used subject to the fair use doctrine of Taiwan Copyright Act by GET.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00393.x/abstract













Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History Molly Ryan http://www.mnh.si.edu/exhibits/ocean_hall/cutting_room.html 2011/11/11 visited 註1.

註1.Smithsonian Permitted Uses : http://www.si.edu/Termsofuse

http://www.mnh.si.edu/exhibits/ocean_hall/cutting_room.html







http://www.si.edu/Termsofuse

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Liu, J.H., Morton, B. 1994. Food choice, detection, time spent feeding, consumption and the effects of starvation on a subtidal scavenger, Nassarius siquijorensis (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), from Hong Kong. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), Proceedings of the III International Workshop on the Malacofauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong 1992, Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 357–375. This work is licensed by Michael Duckworth (Hong Kong University Press Publisher) for the use of “The Biodiversity of Taiwan” course ONLY. The copyright belongs to the above mentioned entity and GET does not have the authorization right. Copyright privileges have to be negotiated with the copyright owner(s) for separately.









Documents

中研院生物多樣性研究中心 Biodiversity Research …ocw.aca.ntu.edu.tw/ocw_files/100S108/100S108_GE07L01.pdfBiodiversity of the Intertidal ecosystems Dr. Benny K.K. Chan