Cernat Elena Alexandra G-20

8/3/2019 Cernat Elena Alexandra G-20

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Universitatea Vasile AlecsandriFacultatea de tiine EconomiceSpecializarea Contabilitate i Informatic de gestiune

Student,

Cernat Elena Alexandra

Grupa 632

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Cuprins

1. Ce este G-20..................................................................................3

2. Mandatul Grupului celor 20.......................................................33. Originile G-20..............................................................................4

4. Membrii G-20..............................................................................4

5. Realizri.......................................................................................8

6. Preedinia G-20.........................................................................9

7. Fostele preedinii G-20.............................................................9

8. ntlniri i activiti...................................................................109. Interaciunea cu alte organisme internaionale......................10

10. De ce G-20?...............................................................................11

11. Comunicarea extern..............................................................12

12. Surse folosite n redactarea referatului................................13

13. Bibliografie...............................................................................22

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Ce este G-20

Grupul celor 20 (G-20) de minitri ai finanelor i guvernatorilor bncilor centrale a fost nfiinat n

1999 pentru a reuni sistemic importante economii industrializate i n curs de dezvoltare pentru a

discuta aspecte-cheie n economia global. Adunarea inaugural aG-20 a avut loc la Berlin, pe 15-16

decembrie 1999, gzduit de minitrii de finane ai Germaniei i Canadei.

Noul grup al celor 20 (G20) a fost creat pe 25 septembrie 1999 ca un nou mecanism de dialog

informal n cadrul sistemului instituional Bretton Woods, pentru a extinde dialogul privind problemele

eseniale de politic economic i financiar printre economiile sistemice semnificative i pentru a

promova cooperarea n scopul obinerii unei creteri economice mondiale stabile i durabile, care aducebeneficii tuturor. (G7, 1999). Pentru a lansa G20 la prima sa reuniune ministerial la Berlin n

decembrie 1999, minitrii de finane din G7 au invitat omologii de la un numr de ri de importan

sistemic din regiuni din ntreaga lume, precum i reprezentani ai UE, FMI i Banca Mondial.

Naterea oficial a G20 poate fi urmrit pn la declaraia liderilor G7 la Summit-ul lor de la

KLN pe 18 iunie 1999. Acolo au declarat urmtorul pasaj, urnd un bun venit crerii Forumului

pentru stabilitate financiar i Comitetului Internaional Financiar i Monetar al FMI: angajamentul de

a lucra mpreun pentru a stabili un mecanism informal de dialog ntre rile sistematice importante, n

cadrul sistemului instituional Bretton Woods.

Mandatul Grupului celor 20

G-20 este primul forum pentru dezvoltarea noastr economic internaional care promoveaz

discuii deschise i constructive ntre rile industrializate i emergente cu privire la aspectele cheie

legate de stabilitatea economic global. Contribuind la consolidarea arhitecturii financiare

internaionale i oferind oportuniti pentru dialogul cu privire la politicile naionale, cooperarea

internaional i instituiile financiare internaionale, G-20 ajut la sprijinirea creterii i dezvoltrii din

ntreaga lume.

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Originile G-20

G-20 a fost creat ca un rspuns att la crizele financiare de la sfritul anilor 90 ct i la o

recunoatere sporit a faptului c rile emergente cheie nu au fost incluse n mod adecvat n mijlocul

discuiilor economice globale i de guvernare. Anterior nfiinrii Grupului celor 20, grupri similare

pentru promovarea dialogului i de analiz au fost stabilite la iniiativa G-7. Grupul celor 20 s-a reunit

la Washington D.C. n aprilie i octombrie 1998. Scopul acestuia a fost implicarea rilor non-G-7 n

rezoluia aspectelor globale ale crizei financiare care afecteaz apoi rile emergente.

Dou ntlniri ulterioare, cuprinznd un grup mai mare de participani (G-33), au avut loc n martie

i aprilie 1999, discutndu-se reformele economiei mondiale i sistemului financiar internaional.

Propunerile fcute de G-22 i G-33 de reducere a sensibilitii economiei mondiale la crize au artat

beneficiile poteniale ale unui forum internaional regulat consultativ mbrind rile emergente.

Asemenea dialog regulat cu un set constant de parteneri a fost instituionalizat prin crearea G-20 n

1999.

Membrii G-20

Grupul celor 20 este alctuit din minitrii finanelor i guvernatorii bncilor centrale din 19 ri:

Argentina

Australia

Brazilia

Canada

China

Frana

Germania

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India

Indonezia

Italia

Japonia

Mexic

Rusia

Arabia Saudit

Africa de Sud

Republica Coreea

Turcia

Marea Britanie

Statele Unite al Americii

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Summit-ul G-20 de la Washington n 2008, tradiionala poz de familie care aniverseaz participanii la acest

eveniment internaional

Summit-ul G-20 din Londra, 2009-poz de familie

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Summit-ul G-20 de la Pittsburgh, 2010- poza de familie

Summit-ul G-20 din Toronto, 2010- poz de familie

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Summit-ul G-20 din Seoul- poz de familie

Uniunea European, care este reprezentat de preedinia rotativ a Consiliului i de Banca

Centrala European, este al douzecilea membru al G-20. Pentru a se asigura c instituiile lucreaz

mpreun, Directorul general al Fondului Monetar Internaional (FMI) i preedintele Bncii Mondiale,

mpreun cu scaunele Comitetului monetar i financiar internaional i Comitetul de dezvoltare, de

asemenea particip la ntlnirile G-20 pe o baz ex-officio. G-20 aduce astfel mpreun importante ri

industriale i emergente din toate regiunile lumii. mpreun, statele membre reprezint n jur de 90%

din produsul naional brut la nivel global, 80% din comerul mondial ( inclusiv comerul din interiorul

Uniunii Europene precum i dou treimi din populaia lumii.)

Greutatea economic a G-20 i numrul mare de membri confer un grad ridicat de legitimitate

i influen asupra gestionrii economiei mondiale i a sistemului financiar.n proiectarea diplomatic a noii instituii, China a avut loc de cinste. n timpul acestui proces

nu s-a luat niciodat n considerare excluderea Chinei din acest grup. Aceasta a fost vzut la un rang

superior Argentinei, Mexicului, Coreei, Turciei dar i ca o ar care ar putea ajunge ntr-o zi Canada i

Italia. n timp ce au existat numeroase discuii privind membrii, cteva liste au exclus Australia,

Coreea, Turcia i Arabia Saudit.

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Realizri

G-20 a dezvoltat o serie de aspecte ncepnd cu 1999, incluznd acordul privind politicile

pentru dezvoltare, reducerea abuzului sistemului financiar, avnd de-a face cu crize financiare icombaterea finanrii terorismului. De asemenea, G-20 i propune s ncurajeze adoptarea standardelor

internaionale recunoscute prin exemplu stabilit de membrii si n domenii cum ar fi transparena

politicii fiscale i combaterea splrii banilor i finanrii terorismului. n 2004, rile membre G-20 au

adoptat noile standarde mai ridicate cu privire la transparena i schimbul de informaii n materie de

taxe.

Acest lucru urmrete s combat abuzurile sistemului financiar i activitile ilicite, inclusiv

evaziunea fiscal. G-20 a urmrit, de asemenea, s dezvolte o viziune comun ntre membri cu privire

la aspecte legate de dezvoltarea viitoare a sistemului economico-financiar mondial.

Pentru a aborda criza economic i financiar care s-a rspndit n ntreaga lume n 2008,

membrii G-20 au fost chemai pentru a ntri n continuare cooperarea internaional. n consecin,

Summit-urile G-20 au avut loc la Washington n 2008, la Londra i Pittsburgh n 2009 i la Toronta i

Seoul n 2010.

Aciunile concentrate i decisive ale G-20, membrii echilibrai ai rilor dezvoltate i ai rilor

n curs de dezvoltare au ajutat lumea s se ocupe n mod eficient de criza economic i financiar, iar

G-20 a emis deja o serie de rezultate semnificative i concrete.n primul rnd, sfera regulamentului financiar a fost n mare msur extins, iar reglementarea

i supravegherea prudeniala au fost ntrite. S-au nregistrat, de asemenea, mari progrese n ceea ce

privete coordonarea politicilor mulumit crerii cadrului pentru o dezvoltare puternic, sustenabil i

echilibrat concepute pentru a consolida cooperarea macroeconomic ntre membrii G-20 i, prin

urmare, pentru a atenua impactul crizei. n cele din urm, guvernarea la nivel mondial s-a mbuntit

n mod exceptional pentru a lua mai bine n considerarea rolul i nevoile emergente ale rilor n curs

de dezvoltare, n special prin reforme ambiioase de guvernare ale FMI i Bncii Mondiale.

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Preedinia G-20

Ministerul de Finane al Canadei, Paul Martin, a fost selectat n calitate de preedinte al G-29

pentru primii doi ani. Prima reuniune va fi prezidat de ministrul Martin la Berlin n decembrie 1999.Canada va gzdui a doua ntlnire n anul 2000.

Spre deosebire de instituiile internaionale, cum este Organizaia pentru Cooperare Economic

i Dezvoltare (OCED), FMI sau Banca Mondial, G-20 (ca i G-7) nu are un personal propriu

permanent. Preedinia G-20 se rotete ntre membri i este selectat dintr-un grup regional de ri n

mod diferit n fiecare an. n 2011, preedinia G-20 aparine Franei.

Ca G-7, dar spre deosebire de organizaiile internaionale mai mari cum sunt: Organizaia

Naiunilor Unite, Banca Mondial i FMI, G-20 nu va avea un secretariat permanent. Preedinia

oficial stabilete un secretariat temporar pe durata mandatului sau care coordoneaz activitatea

grupului i organizeaz ntlnirile sale. Rolul triumviratului este de a asigura continuitatea n activitatea

G-20 i de a conduce de-a lungul anilor gazd.

Fostele preedinii ale G-20

1999-2001: Canada

2002: India

2003: Mexic

2004: Germania

2005: China

2006: Australia

2007: Africa de Sud

2008: Brazilia

2009: Marea Britanie

2010: Republica Coreea

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ntlniri i activiti

Este o practic normal pentru minitrii de finane i guvernatorii bncilor centrale ce fac parte din

G-20 s se ntlneasc o dat pe an. ntlnirea minitrilor i guvernatorilor este, de obicei, precedat dedou ntlniri ale debutailor i lucrri tehnice aprofundate. Aceste lucrri tehnice iau forma atelierelor

de lucru, rapoartelor i studiilor de caz pe termene specifice, care au ca scop oferirea minitrilor i

guvernatorilor analize contemporare i explicaii, pentru a lmuri mai bine reflectrile lor asupra

provocrilor i opiunilor politice.

Interaciunea cu alte organisme internaionale

G-20 coopereaz ndeaproape cu diverse mari organizaii i foruri internaionale, urmrind

posibilitatea dezvoltrii unor poziii comune privind aspecte complexe printre membrii G-20, putndu-

se da avnt politic n luarea deciziilor de ctre alte organisme. Participarea Preedintelui Bncii

Mondiale, Directorului General al FMI i preedinii Fondului Monetar Internaional, Comitetului

financiar i Comisiei de dezvoltare la ntlnirile G-20 asigur o desfurarea a Grupului celor 20 bine

integrat cu activitile Instituiilor Bretton Woods. G-20 lucreaz, de asemenea, i ncurajeaz alte

grupuri i organizaii internaionale, cum ar fi Consiliul pentru Stabilitate Financiar i Comitetul Basel

pentru supravegherea bancar, n dezvoltarea reformelor de politic economic la nivel internaional i

intern. n plus, experi din instituiile sectorului privat i organizaiile non-guvernamentale sunt invitai

la reuniunile G-20 pe o baz ad-hoc, n scopul de a exploata sinergiile n analiza subiectelor selectate.

Includerea Preedintelui Bncii Mondiale, Directorului General al FMI, preedinii Comitetului

monetar i financiar internaional i ai Comitetului pentru Dezvoltare asigur o bun integrare a

procesului G-20 cu activitile acestor instituii.

G-20 va ajuta la coordonarea activitilor celorlalte grupuri i organizaii internaionale, cum ar fi

Fondul pentru stabilitate financiar. De asemenea, va facilita deliberrile mai multor organisme formalecum este Comitetul monetar i financiar internaional.

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De ce G-20?

ncepnd cu 1986, gruparea minitrilor de finane n G-7 s-a dovedit a fi un forum eficient pentru

discuii informale asupra problemelor economice internaionale importante, conducnd la o mai bunnelegere i coordonare printre factorii de decizie politic din rile G-7.

Lipsa de reprezentare a pieei emergente n G-7 limiteaz capacitatea acestuia de a trata unele

aspecte legate de evoluiile din sistemul economic i financiar internaional. n economia de astzi, o

reprezentare mai larg n discuiile politice este foarte important. Aa cum a demonstrat i criza

financiar din Asia, pieele financiare din rile n dezvoltare pot fi serios afectate de instabilitatea

financiar pe pieele emergente. G-20 va ndeplini nevoia de reprezentare din pieele emergente.

Pe 27 aprilie 1999, ministrul Martin a subliniat necesitatea unor mai multe aranjamente

instituionale reprezentative. Aceast necesitate a fost analizat n raportul minitrilor de finane din G7

n iunie 1999 la Summitul K&Mac 246 privind Consolidarea Arhitecturii Financiare Internaionale.

Pe parcursul urmtorilor doi ani, grupri ad-hoc cunoscute ca G22 i G33 au fost convocate pentru

a ajuta la abordarea problemelor specifice legate de criza financiar din Asia, dar nu au fost integrate cu

structurile de gurvernare ale FMI sau Bncii Mondiale.

G22 s-a ntlnit la Washington n aprilie i octombrie 1998. Scopul G22 a fost de a implica rile

non-G7 n rezoluia aspectelor globale ale crizei financiare din Asia.

La dou ntlniri ulterioare din martie i aprilie 1999, G22 a discutat probleme legate de reformaeconomiei mondiale i a sistemului financiar internaional. Sugestiile utile pentru consolidarea

securitii economiei globale care proveneau de la procesele G22 i G33 au demonstrat necesitatea unui

forum internaional consultativ regulat cu mai muli membri dect n G7.

Crearea G20 reprezinta urmatoarea etapa in evolutia unei consultari informale printer tarile

industrializate si pietele emergente.

G-20 a fost creat mai degrab ca un organ deliberativ dect decizional, dar unul menit s ncurajeze

formarea consensului pe probleme internaionale. (Canada 1999). Cu toate acestea, este un organorientat spre politic, un mandat pentru a promova stabilitatea financiar internaional. Preedintele

Martin a sugerat c se va concentra pe transpunerea beneficiilor globalizrii n venituri mai mari i

oportuniti mai bune pretutindeni; inclusiv munc cu persoane din ntreaga lume (Beattle 1999). Dei

concentrdu-se pe probleme de politic pe termen lung dect imediate, Martin a declarat: Nu exist

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practic niciun aspect major al economiei mondiale sau sistemului financiar internaional care s fie n

afara sferei de activitate a grupului. (Beauchesne 1999 ).

Comunicarea extern

ara care prezideaz n prezent posturile G-20 ofer detalii despre ntlnirile i programul de lucru

al grupului pe un site dedicat. Dei participarea la ntlniri este rezervat membrilor, publicul este

informat cu privire la ceea ce s-a discutat i convenit imediat dup ce ntlnirea minitrilor i

guvernatorilor s-a ncheiat. Dup fiecare ntlnire a minitrilor i guvernatorilor, G-20 public un

comunicat care conine acordurile ncheiate i msurile menionate. Materialul despre programul viitor

de lucru este, de asemenea, fcut public.

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Surse folosite n redactarea referatului

http://www.g20.org/about_what_is_g20.aspx

What is the G-20

The Group of Twenty (G-20) Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors was established in

1999 to bring together systemically important industrialized and developing economies to discuss key

issues in the global economy. The inaugural meeting of the G-20 took place in Berlin, on December15-16, 1999, hosted by German and Canadian finance ministers.

Mandate

The G-20 is the premier forum for our international economic development that promotes open

and constructive discussion between industrial and emerging-market countries on key issues related to

global economic stability. By contributing to the strengthening of the international financial

architecture and providing opportunities for dialogue on national policies, international co-operation,

and international financial institutions, the G-20 helps to support growth and development across the

globe.

Origins

The G-20 was created as a response both to the financial crises of the late 1990s and to a

growing recognition that key emerging-market countries were not adequately included in the core ofglobal economic discussion and governance. Prior to the G-20 creation, similar groupings to promote

dialogue and analysis had been established at the initiative of the G-7. The G-22 met at Washington

D.C. in April and October 1998. Its aim was to involve non-G-7 countries in the resolution of global

aspects of the financial crisis then affecting emerging-market countries. Two subsequent meetings

comprising a larger group of participants (G-33) held in March and April 1999 discussed reforms of the

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global economy and the international financial system. The proposals made by the G-22 and the G-33

to reduce the world economy's susceptibility to crises showed the potential benefits of a regular

international consultative forum embracing the emerging-market countries. Such a regular dialogue

with a constant set of partners was institutionalized by the creation of the G-20 in 1999.

Membership

The G-20 is made up of the finance ministers and central bank governors of 19 countries:

Argentina

Australia

Brazil

Canada

China

France

Germany

India

Indonesia

Italy

Japan

MexicoRussia

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

Republic of Korea

Turkey

United Kingdom

United States of America

The European Union, who is represented by the rotating Council presidency and the European

Central Bank, is the 20th member of the G-20. To ensure global economic fora and institutions work

together, the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the President of the

World Bank, plus the chairs of the International Monetary and Financial Committee and Development

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Committee of the IMF and World Bank, also participate in G-20 meetings on an ex-officio basis. The

G-20 thus brings together important industrial and emerging-market countries from all regions of the

world. Together, member countries represent around 90 per cent of global gross national product, 80

per cent of world trade (including EU intra-trade) as well as two-thirds of the world's population. The

G-20's economic weight and broad membership gives it a high degree of legitimacy and influence overthe management of the global economy and financial system.

Achievements

The G-20 has progressed a range of issues since 1999, including agreement about policies for growth,

reducing abuse of the financial system, dealing with financial crises and combating terrorist financing.

The G-20 also aims to foster the adoption of internationally recognized standards through the example

set by its members in areas such as the transparency of fiscal policy and combating money laundering

and the financing of terrorism. In 2004, G-20 countries committed to new higher standards of

transparency and exchange of information on tax matters. This aims to combat abuses of the financial

system and illicit activities including tax evasion. The G-20 has also aimed to develop a common view

among members on issues related to further development of the global economic and financial system.

To tackle the financial and economic crisis that spread across the globe in 2008, the G20

members were called upon to further strengthen international cooperation. Accordingly, the G20Summits have been held in Washington in 2008, in London and Pittsburgh in 2009, and in Toronto and

Seoul in 2010.

The concerted and decisive actions of the G20, with its balanced membership of developed and

developing countries helped the world deal effectively with the financial and economic crisis, and the

G20 has already delivered a number of significant and concrete outcomes:

First, the scope of financial regulation has been largely broadened, and prudential regulation

and supervision have been strengthened. There was also great progress in policy coordination thanks to

the creation of the framework for a strong, sustainable and balanced growth designed to enhance

macroeconomic cooperation among the G20 members and therefore to mitigate the impact of the crisis.

Finally, global governance has dramatically improved to better take into consideration the role and the

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needs of emerging of developing countries, especially through the ambitious reforms of the governance

of the IMF and the World Bank.

Chair

Unlike international institutions such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and

Development (OECD), IMF or World Bank, the G-20 (like the G-7) has no permanent staff of its own.

The G-20 chair rotates between members, and is selected from a different regional grouping of

countries each year. In 2011 the G-20 chair is France. The chair is part of a revolving three-member

management Troika of past, present and future chairs. The incumbent chair establishes a temporary

secretariat for the duration of its term, which coordinates the group's work and organizes its meetings.

The role of the Troika is to ensure continuity in the G-20's work and management across host years.

Former G-20 Chairs

1999-2001 Canada

2002 India

2003 Mexico

2004 Germany

2005 China

2006 Australia

2007 South Africa

2008 Brazil

2009 United Kingdom

2010 Republic of Korea

Meetings and activities

It is normal practice for the G-20 finance ministers and central bank governors to meet once a

year. The ministers' and governors' meeting is usually preceded by two deputies' meetings and

extensive technical work. This technical work takes the form of workshops, reports and case studies on

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specific subjects, that aim to provide ministers and governors with contemporary analysis and insights,

to better inform their consideration of policy challenges and options.

Interaction with other international organizations

The G-20 cooperates closely with various other major international organizations and fora, as

the potential to develop common positions on complex issues among G-20 members can add political

momentum to decision-making in other bodies. The participation of the President of the World Bank,

the Managing Director of the IMF and the chairs of the International Monetary and Financial

Committee and the Development Committee in the G-20 meetings ensures that the G-20 process is well

integrated with the activities of the Bretton Woods Institutions. The G-20 also works with, and

encourages, other international groups and organizations, such as the Financial Stability Board and the

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, in progressing international and domestic economic policy

reforms. In addition, experts from private-sector institutions and non-government organisations are

invited to G-20 meetings on an ad hoc basis in order to exploit synergies in analyzing selected topics

and avoid overlap.

External communication

The country currently chairing the G-20 posts details of the group's meetings and work programon a dedicated website. Although participation in the meetings is reserved for members, the public is

informed about what was discussed and agreed immediately after the meeting of ministers and

governors has ended. After each meeting of ministers and governors, the G-20 publishes a communiqu

which records the agreements reached and measures outlined. Material on the forward work program is

also made public.

http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/g20backgrounder.htm

Introduction

On September 25, 1999, in Washington, D.C., the finance ministers of the Group of Seven (G7)

leading industrialized nations announced the creation of the Group of Twenty (G20). This new

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international forum of finance ministers and central bank governors represents 19 countries, the

European Union and the Bretton Woods Institutions (the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the

World Bank).

The creation of the G20 fulfills the commitment by G7 leaders at the June 1999 Summit at Kln"to establish an informal mechanism for dialogue among systemically important countries within the

framework of the Bretton Woods institutional system."

Mandate of the G20

The G20 will promote discussion, and will study and review policy issues among industrialized

countries and emerging markets with a view to promoting international financial stability.

G20 Participants

Member countries include: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany,

India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the

United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union.

The Managing Director of the IMF and the President of the World Bank, as well as theChairpersons of the International Monetary and Financial Committee and Development Committee of

the IMF and World Bank, will participate fully in the discussions.

G20 Chairmanship

Finance Minister Paul Martin of Canada has been selected as chairperson of the G20 for its first

two years. The first meeting will be chaired by Minister Martin in Berlin in December 1999. Canada

will host the second meeting in 2000.

Characteristics of the G20

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Through broad participation by industrialized countries and key emerging markets, the G20 will

represent a range of viewpoints. Like the G7, but unlike larger international organizations such as the

United Nations, the World Bank and the IMF, the G20 will have no permanent secretariat. The size and

structure of the G20 will encourage the informal exchange of views and the formation of consensus on

international issues.

How the G20 Fits In With Other International Organizations

The G20 will complement the activities of other international organizations:

The inclusion of the President of the World Bank, the Managing Director of the IMF and the

Chairpersons of the International Monetary and Financial Committee and the Development Committee

will ensure that the G20 process is well integrated with the activities of these institutions.

The G20 will help co-ordinate the activities of other international groups and organizations,

such as the Financial Stability Forum.

It will also facilitate the deliberations of more formal bodies such as the International Monetary

and Financial Committee.

The potential for the development of common positions on complex issues among G20

members will expedite decision making in other fora.

Why a G20?

Since 1986, the G7 finance ministers grouping has proven to be an effective forum for informal

and substantive discussion of important international economic issues, leading to greater understanding

and co-ordination among policy makers in the G7 countries.

The lack of emerging market representation in the G7 limits its ability to deal with some issues

related to developments in the international economy and financial system. In todays economy,

broader representation in policy discussions is crucial. As the Asian financial crisis has demonstrated,

financial markets in developed countries can be seriously affected by financial instability in emerging

markets. The G20 will fulfill the need for representation from emerging markets.

In his April 27, 1999 remarks to the Interim Committee of the IMF, Minister Martin highlighted

the need for more representative institutional arrangements. This need was further reflected in the June

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1999 Report of G7 Finance Ministers to the K&Mac246;ln Summit on Strengthening the International

Financial Architecture.

During the last two years, ad hoc groupings known as the G22 and G33 were convened to help

address specific issues related to the Asian financial crisis but were not integrated with the governance

structures of the IMF or World Bank.The G22 met in Washington in April and October 1998. The purpose of the G22 was to involve

non-G7 countries in the resolution of the global aspects of the Asian financial crisis.

At two subsequent "outreach" meetings in March and April 1999, the G33 discussed issues

related to reform of the global economy and international financial system.

The useful suggestions for enhancing global economic security that emanated from the G22 and G33

processes demonstrated the need for a regular international consultative forum with a broader

membership than the G7.

The creation of the G20 represents the next stage in the evolution of informal consultation

among industrialized countries and emerging markets.

Administrative Functions of the G20

Like the G7, the G20 will not have a permanent secretariat. Instead, the chair country will

provide support. In addition, the G20 will be able to call on the resources of the IMF and World Bank,

as well as officials of member countries and outside experts.

Meetings of the G20

Meetings of finance ministers and central bank governors will be held every year. Ministers

and governors deputies will meet from time to time to prepare for the ministerial meetings.

Ministerial meetings of the G20 will include the finance ministers, deputy finance ministers and

central bank governors of the member countries.

As well, the finance minister of the country holding the Presidency of the European Union and

the President of the European Central Bank will participate.

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The Managing Director of the IMF, the President of the World Bank, and the finance ministers

of the countries chairing the International Monetary and Financial Committee and the Development

Committee of the IMF and World Bank are also included as full members of the group.1

http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/g20whatisit.html

The new Group of Twenty (G20) forum of finance ministers and central bank governors was

formally created at the September 25, 1999, meeting of the G7 Finance Ministers. It was created "as a

new mechanism for informal dialogue in the framework of the Bretton Woods institutional system, to

broaden the dialogue on key economic and financial policy issues among systemically significant

economies and to promote cooperation to achieve stable and sustainable world growth that benefits all"

(G7 1999). To launch the G20 at its first ministerial meeting in Berlin in December 1999, the G7

finance ministers were to invite "counterparts from a number of systemically important countries from

regions around the world," as well as representative of the EU, IMF and World Bank.

The formal birth of the G20 can be traced to the leaders' G7 Statement at their Cologne Summit

on June 18, 1999. There they declared, following passages welcoming the creation of the Financial

Stability Forum and the IMF's International Financial and Monetary Committee (IFMC), "the

commitment to work together to establish an informal mechanism for dialogue among systemically

important countries, within the framework of the Bretton Woods institutional system."[]

In the diplomacy designing the new institution, China had pride of place. During this processthere was never any serious consideration of excluding China from the group. It was seen to rank above

Argentina, Mexico, Korea, Turkey, and as a country that might some day overtake Canada and Italy.

While there was much discussion about membership, no one's list excluded China. In contrast, some

lists excluded Australia, Korea, Turkey and Saudi Arabia.

[] The G20 was created as a deliberative rather than decisional body, but one designed to

encourage 'the formation of consensus" on international issues" (Canada 1999). However it was one

with a policy focus, a mandate to promote international financial stability. Chair Paul Martin suggested

it "will focus on translating the benefits of globalization into higher incomes and better opportunities

everywhere," including working people around the world (Beattle 1999). Although concentrating on

longer term rather than immediate policy issues, Martin declared: "There is virtually no major aspect of

1 Textul in rosu semnifica partile din fragment care au fost utilizate in traducere din a doua sursa.22
http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/g20whatisit.htmlhttp://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/g20whatisit.html


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the global economy or international financial system that will be outside of the group's purview"

(Beauchesne 1999).

Bibliografie

1. http://www.g20.org/about_what_is_g20.aspx

2. http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/g20backgrounder.htm

3. http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/g20whatisit.html

4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20

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http://www.g20.org/about_what_is_g20.aspxhttp://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/g20backgrounder.htmhttp://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/g20whatisit.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20http://www.g20.org/about_what_is_g20.aspxhttp://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/g20backgrounder.htmhttp://www.g8.utoronto.ca/g20/g20whatisit.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20

Documents

Cernat Elena Alexandra G-20