27
CERN’s Linac4 Cesiated Surface H Source IS03a Ion source operation during Linac4 commissioning IS03b New beam optics, gather know how to improve transmission through the RFQ emittances and profiles measurement results D beam test IS03c Hardware description IS03p Proton beam optics Very preliminary test results (intermediate optics) 11/09/2016 1 1. G. Voulgarakis, J. Lettry, B. Lefort and V. J. Correia Costa, Autopilot regulation for the Linac4 H- Ion source, NIBS- 2016, Oxford. 2. S. Mattei, K. Nishida, M. Onai, J. Lettry, M. Q. Tran and A. Hatayama, Numerical simulation of the RF plasma discharge in the Linac4 H - ion source, NIBS-2016, Oxford. 3. S. Abe, S. Nishioka, S. Mattei, A. Hatayama and J. Lettry, Effect of the Puller-electrode Voltage on the H - Extraction Mechanism in Linac4 Negative Ion Source, NIBS-2016, Oxford. 4. S. Briefi, S. Mattei, J. Lettry, and U. Fantz, Influence of the cusp field on the plasma parameters of the Linac4 H - ion source, NIBS-2016, Oxford. 5. K. Nishida, M. Haase, M. Paoluzzi, A. Jones, A. Grudiev, S. Mattei, G. Voulgarakis, A. Butterworth, A. Hatayama and J. Lettry, Experimental investigation of the relation between plasma parameters and impedance in the Linac4 H - source, NIBS-2016, Oxford. 6. D. Rauner , S. Mattei, S. Briefi, U. Fantz, A. Hatayama, J. Lettry, K. Nishida and M.Q. Tran, Investigation of the RF Efficiency of Inductively Coupled Hydrogen Plasmas at 1MHz, NIBS-2016, Oxford. Related plasma & H source contributions:

CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

CERN’s Linac4 Cesiated Surface H‐ Source • IS03a– Ion source operation during Linac4 commissioning

• IS03b– New beam optics, gather know how to improve transmission through the RFQ– emittances and profiles measurement results– D‐ beam test

• IS03c Hardware description • IS03‐p

– Proton beam optics– Very preliminary test results (intermediate optics)

11/09/2016 1

1. G. Voulgarakis, J. Lettry, B. Lefort and V. J. Correia Costa, Autopilot regulation for the Linac4 H- Ion source, NIBS-2016, Oxford.

2. S. Mattei, K. Nishida, M. Onai, J. Lettry, M. Q. Tran and A. Hatayama, Numerical simulation of the RF plasmadischarge in the Linac4 H- ion source, NIBS-2016, Oxford.

3. S. Abe, S. Nishioka, S. Mattei, A. Hatayama and J. Lettry, Effect of the Puller-electrode Voltage on the H- ExtractionMechanism in Linac4 Negative Ion Source, NIBS-2016, Oxford.

4. S. Briefi, S. Mattei, J. Lettry, and U. Fantz, Influence of the cusp field on the plasma parameters of the Linac4 H- ionsource, NIBS-2016, Oxford.

5. K. Nishida, M. Haase, M. Paoluzzi, A. Jones, A. Grudiev, S. Mattei, G. Voulgarakis, A. Butterworth, A. Hatayama and J.Lettry, Experimental investigation of the relation between plasma parameters and impedance in the Linac4 H- source,NIBS-2016, Oxford.

6. D. Rauner, S. Mattei, S. Briefi, U. Fantz, A. Hatayama, J. Lettry, K. Nishida and M.Q. Tran, Investigation of the RFEfficiency of Inductively Coupled Hydrogen Plasmas at 1MHz, NIBS-2016, Oxford.

Related plasma & H‐ source contributions: 

Page 2: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

CERN’s Linac4 Status

H‐ source

2017 2015 2014 2013

IS01Volume, DESY PG

IS02a,bCs‐surface

IS03aCs‐surf.

2018‐9 Connection to PSB

Reliability run

50 MeV p

160 MeV H‐

LEBT

Upgrade of the LHC injector chain: 

From: 50 MeV p Linac2 To: 160 MeV H‐ Linac4& striping injectionInto the PS‐Booster 

2

2016

HS‐test

50 MeV 105 MeV

IS03bCs‐surf.

11/09/2016

Page 3: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

IS03a operation during L4 commissioning

Reliable during Linac4 50 MeV and 105 MeV Linac4 beam conditioning

Beams intensity 40‐50 mA Motorized Cs‐Valve

Autopilot:  G. Voulgarakis Regulation of hydrogen and beam shape 

based on H‐ pulse shape monthly cesiation ~ 5 mg restart of power converters

Intensity regulation: 35 to 45 mA Reduced HR operation load

To be improved: H‐ beam intensity Transmission through the LEBT drops 

with increasing beam intensity Acceptance into RFQ below expectation

311/09/2016

Page 4: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

Monthly Cesiation under Autopilot• LEBT VV closed (2 hours)• Reduced RF‐power: > 20 mA H‐ remaining Limit the peak of co‐

extracted electrons 5 mg delivered 

Cs‐valve open

2.3

13

T‐Cs‐valve 200°

T‐Cs 120° e/H

‐30 mA 

0

600

current [ m

A]

e‐dumpSourceEinzelH‐

411/09/2016

Page 5: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

Transmission through the RFQ

Space charge compensation:• No additional gas injected• LEBT residual pressure: 1.2E‐6 mbar H2

H‐ beam LEBT BCT.1213 

Transmission through the RFQ [80 %]

LEBT BCT.1213

RFQ BCT.3113

0

20

40

60

80

Tr_RFQ &  H‐V SEM‐Grids to optimize source and LEBT settings:  Source RF‐power and H2 injection Source, puller and Einzel Voltages  LEBT: 2 solenoids, 4 steerers,  LEBT SC gas injection RFQ RF‐power …

Onset of SC‐Compensation ~ 0.2 ms

IS03a settings: Sol_1,2:  101, 123 A, Source, Puller, Einzel:‐45,   ‐36,   40 kV

0 0.2 0.3 0.40.1time  [ms]

SCC

LEBT 32 mA

RFQ 26 mA

H‐current [ m

A],    Tr. RFQ  [%]

‐30 mA 

511/09/2016

Page 6: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

Key information delivered by the H‐ pulse shape

Low H2NominalHigh H2

RF‐ power

RF‐ phase

H‐curren

t

H2 starvation

0 mA

‐40 mA

SEJ SEJ + 600 s

Nom. pulse

oscillationPlasma meniscus –puller voltage

SCCSource HV oscillation

The pre‐chopper will hide some of these warnings 611/09/2016

Page 7: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

Move of the linac4 LEBT’s Beam Current Transformer

H‐ beam dir.

Sol. 1 Sol. 2

VVBCT

Pre‐Chopper

FC

Grids

s2s1

The pre‐chopper removes head and tail and define the pulse length of the H‐ pulse as a function of the beam destination (i.e. ISOLDE, n‐ToF, experimental areas or LHC). LEBT modification driven by the need to dispose of the full H‐ pulse shape to maximize the effectiveness of the regulation algorithms implemented in Autopilot Side effect: The BCT now also sees the non‐

dumped co‐extracted electrons entering the LEBT711/09/2016

Page 8: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

IS03a: operated in Linac4from Sep. 2015 to July 2016

1) Einzel lens2) Einzel lens support3) Ground electrode (center)4) Puller dump (12 g)5) Plasma Electrode 

a) Plasma electrode (124 g)b) Armco shield (1 g)c) Support

6) Insulateur Al2O3

X‐Ray Fluorescence, Detection limit: (<0.05 g)

Total Cs injected: [~60, <200 mg]

1

2

3

45

6

811/09/2016

Page 9: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

IS03 b,c layoutIS03bIS03c

Modification implemented:Operation: Quartz insulated Einzel lens HV 

feedthrough Pulsed Einzel lens HV (up to 45 kV)

Beam optics studies driven: Angle of the plasma electrodes facing 

the puller Increased filter field strength at 

extraction (PE shield moved to puller) Angle of the puller electrode Aperture and size of the Co‐extracted 

electron dumping Einzel lens geometry  Entrance into the LEBT

Tests: RF 5‐turn solenoid antenna, shape and 

range Floating plasma electrode Reduced plasma electrode aperture911/09/2016

Page 10: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

Detail of the extraction optics 

Plasma Generator

IS03a

IS03b,c

Armco Shield

Armco Shield

1011/09/2016

Page 11: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

IS03 b and c plasma generators

IS03b IS03c

• Plasma Electrode heater• Extraction hole diam. 6.5 mm• 5‐turn RF‐solenoid (identical to IS03a): 

• Epoxy mould:  39 mm• Coil height: 26.5 mm• Dist. to PE‐hole: 31‐52 mm

• Floating Plasma Electrode ± 60 V• Extraction hole diam. 5.5 mm• 5‐turn RF‐solenoid: 

• Epoxy mould:  48 mm• Coil height: 31 mm• Dist. to PE‐hole: 36‐72 mm 1111/09/2016

Page 12: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

Linac4 Ion Source Test stand 

Sol. 1

VV

BCT

Emittance meter

FCH‐VGrids

s1

SlitsH‐VGrids

LEBT‐pressure controlled Space charge compensation gas (H2, N2) Pre‐chopper : not implemented

L4 diagnosticsIdentical to Linac4

H2, N2

Profile meter U. Raich, F. Roncarolo

1211/09/2016

Page 13: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

IS03b IBSimu staged Emittance Simulation 

Filter

0

20

40

0

‐20

‐40

50 100

norm, RMS = 0.34 ∙mm∙mradAt RFQ entrance (2.23 m)

Settings: 40 mA H‐, e/H = 3Source, puller, Einzel:‐45, ‐35.5, 35 kV Sol_1,2 = 97, 100 ALEBT SCC 4E‐6 mbar  

(D. Fink)

Stages:1) Extraction and e‐dump2) Einzel lens3) LEBT (not shown)

1

2

[mm]

[mm]

1311/09/2016

Page 14: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

Emittance plot at RFQ entrance(D. Fink)

Settings: 40 mA H‐ e/H = 3Source puller Einzel:‐45, ‐35.5, 35 kV Sol_1,2 = 97, 100 ALEBT SCC 4E‐6 mbar  

1411/09/2016

Page 15: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

T. Kalvas

IS03b: RF_trans: 40 kW, 20‐30 mA H‐

variable: SCC P(H2 LEBT)H‐

int.  [m

A]‐30      ‐20

       ‐1

0       0

H‐be

am current

P_LEBT

 [1E‐6 H 2]

Co‐extracted

 e‐

H

V

RMS

RF_trans: 40 kW

1511/09/2016

Page 16: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

T. Kalvas

H‐be

am current

P_RF

 [kW]

Co‐extracted

 e‐IS03b: 20‐30 mA H‐

variable: RF_Trans PowerH‐

int.  [m

A]‐20         ‐10

           0

Analysis pending;IS03b may provide: 36 mA25 mA Within 0.25 [∙mm∙mrad]27 mA Within 0.3 [∙mm∙mrad]E‐Measured at the center of the LEBT

IS03c tests : October 2016

RMS

1611/09/2016

Page 17: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

Beam profile  (preliminary)

Goal: Position the emittance meter slits at the beam center and measure with the E‐meter grids the beam profile as a function of the Solenoid currents to set a beam size corresponding to the grid dimension (30 mm).

Looks like a hollow beam ! Simulation and analysis of the grid response in a non space charge compensated regime  

Vertical Beam profile: Horizontal slit Horizontal wire grid 

Horizontal Beam profile: Vertical slit Vertical wire grid 

1711/09/2016

Page 18: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

PIC beam formation

PIC beam formation provides insight to the origin of the H‐ ion Could production on Cs‐surface favour generation of hollow beams Improvement of the CPU power to  few micron cell size is a priority 

29 mA H‐ simulated with ONIXZ, Z’ plots (perp. to beam axis)

21 mA H‐

Origin: Cs‐Surface 300 A/m28 mA H‐

Origin: Volume

S. Mochalskyy

1811/09/2016

Page 19: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

D‐ beam form IS03b   16/08/2016

Goal: E‐meas before and during cesiationto differentiate respective emittance distributions

Test Conditions: Magnet and D2 delivery timing scaled with square root of mass ratios (2)

RF_trans: 35 kW Source, puller, Einzel : ‐45, ‐36, 43 kVLEBT: 2‐30 E‐6 mbar H2Before cesiation D‐ 11 mA, e/D =34After cesiation D‐ 22 mA, e/D = 2

D‐ 11 mA, e/D =34

D‐ 22 mA, e/D =2 20 mA

10 mA

1911/09/2016

Page 20: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

D‐ beam form IS03b16‐17/08/2016

Very first experience with D‐ beam; it differs form H‐production:More electrons are co‐extracted

The cesiation swiftly looses its effect Constant Cs injection improved stability during E‐meas (~1h).

During cw cesiation: D‐ 26 mA, e/D = 4RF‐trans 33 kW

25 mA

0

500

current [ m

A]

e‐dumpSourceEinzel

H‐

200

0

current [ m

A]

33 kW

2011/09/2016

Page 21: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

D‐ beam emittance results 

D‐be

am current

P_LEBT

 [1E‐6 H 2]

Co‐extracted

 e‐ 16/08/2016

D‐int.  [m

A]‐15      ‐10

       ‐5

       0

PSB Injection

T. Kalvas

RMS

2111/09/2016

Page 22: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

IS03‐protons

IBSimu estimated emittance of 0.2 ∙mm∙mradat LEBT entrance for a p‐beam of 100 mA 

A puller electrode was added as a tuning parameter

+ 45 kV ‐35 kV

Gnd. Gnd.

2211/09/2016

Page 23: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

IS03 Proton source:  (very‐)  preliminary test 

Beam Current Transformer

Faraday Cup

‐30 mA cal. pulse

Experimental conditions: • Use of the Einzel lens of 

the H‐ optics set at ‐45 kV, 32 mA

• The puller was floating (38 kV, 8 mA)

• Source: +45 kV, ‐131 mA• RFTrans : 24 kW• 71 mA (p + H2

+ + H3+)

Horiz.

Vert.

Sig. V

70 mA

24 kW

2311/09/2016

Page 24: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

Einzel lens HV‐feed through 

Cs‐Oven, Front end and IS‐flange heating jackets

UHV HJ (300°)

Cs‐Oven

Cs‐valve motorization

2411/09/2016

Page 25: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

Conclusion outlookImportant L4IS WP milestones were achieved: First year of 40‐50 mA H‐ beam operation with monthly cesiation of 3‐4 hours 

duration is a succes (IS03a). Automatization of the ion source operation is achieved in the 35‐43 mA range, 

Autopilot is the key to meet the 98% availability figure of merit. Simulation of nominal plasma is achieved and was corroborated with OES 

measurements  The IS03b prototype is installed in the Linac4, H‐ current: 35 mA, 25 mA within 

0.25 ∙mm∙mrad and 27 mA within 0.3 ∙mm∙mrad. A spare unit (IS03c) is produced and ready for beam characterization A proton source (backup in the unlikely event of a failure of Linac2) is produced 

and ready for emittance measurements, 71 mA (p + H2+ + H3

+). Challenges ahead: The Emittance of the IS03b prototype meets the specification at 25 mA H‐ beam 

intensity, the evolution of emittance with intensity is an issue.  The emittance data require in depth analysis, the growth along the LEBT is an issue, 

can we shorten / remove the LEBT ? The beam may be hollow and the origin (volume / cesiated surface) of H‐ ions has 

to be tracked to provide realistic beam formation prediction. Beam diagnostics is a key: Grids & E‐meter require upgrade / automatizationTest: Cs‐Implanted Moly PE, D‐ beam. 

2511/09/2016

Page 26: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

26

Linac4 IS CollaborationsIPP Garching U. Fantz, S. BriefiUniversity of Jyvaskyla O. Tarvainen, T. KalvasSNS M. Stockli et.al.KEIO University A. Hatayama   畑山明聖

IPGP Orsay T. MineaISIS D. Faircloth BNL  J. Alessi J‐PARC  A. HuenoCERNJ.P. Corso, J. Coupard, M. Wilhelmsson, F. Fayet, D. Steyeart, E. Chaudet, Y. Coutron, A. Dallocchio, P. Moyret, S. Mathot, Y. Body, R. Guida, P. Carriè, A. Wasem, J. Rochez, D. Aguglia, D. Nisbet, C. Machado, N. David, S. Joffe, P. Thonet, J. Hansen, N. Thaus, P. Chigggiato, A. Michet, S. Blanchard, H. Vestergard, M. Paoluzzi, M. Haase, A. Jones, A. Butterworth, A. Grudiev, R. Scrivens, M. O'Neil, P. Andersson, S. Bertolo, C. Mastrostefano, E. Mahner, J. Sanchez, I. Koszar, U. Raich, F. Roncarlo, F. Zocca, D. Gerard, A. Foreste, J. Gulley, C. Rossi,  G. Bellodi, J.B. Lallement, M. Vretenar, A. Lombardi, J.B. Lallement, S. Intoudi, B. Teissandier, C. Charvet, B. Lefort

Matthias Kronberger SLHC‐Fell. CERN

Claus Schmitzer SLHC‐PhD.

Giorgios Voulgarakis Fell.

Anne Despond Dipl.

Daniel  Fink Fell.

Jose Sanchez Dipl, Tech‐Fell.

Jaime Gil Flores Tech‐Fell.

Chiara Pasquino Tech‐Fell.

Cristhian Valerio PhD.

Sylvia Izquierdo Tech‐Fell.

Mahel Devoldere Tech‐Fell.

Marco Garlasche Fell.

Serhiy Mochalsky Fell. LPGP Orsay

Taneli Kalvas PhD. Jyvaskyla Univ.

Masatoshi  Ohta       太田雅俊 Keio Univ.

Masatoshi  Yasumoto 安元雅俊

Kenjiro  Nishida  西田健治朗

Takanori  Shibata 柴田崇統

Takashi  Yamamoto 山本尚史

M. Onai

Shota Abe

Matthew Garland

D Rauner

Thank you all 

Stud

ents & Fellows

L4 IS‐team

Page 27: CERN’s Linac4 CesiatedSurface H Source IS03anibs2016.org/sites/nibs2016.org/files/MonO2.pdf · IS03 b,c layout IS03b IS03c Modification implemented: Operation: Quartz insulated

2711/09/2016