Çeviri Kuramı Kavramlar

7/29/2019 eviri Kuram Kavramlar

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EVR KURAMI

TEMEL KAVRAMLAR


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The process of translation between twodifferent languages involves the translator

changing an original written text (the source

text or ST) in the original verbal language (the

source language or SL) into a written text (thetarget text or TT) in a different verbal language

(the target language or TL). This type of

translation corresponds to interlingualtranslation and is one of the three categories

of translation described by Roman Jakobsen:


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a) interlingual translation (translation proper)

an interpretation of vebal signs by means ofsome other languages.

b) intralingual translation (or rewording) an

interpretation of verbal signs by means ofother signs of the same language. whenwe rephrase an expression or text in the same

language to explain or clarify something we

might have said or written.


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c) intersemiotic translation(transmutation) interpretation ofverbal signs by means of signs of non-

verbal sign systems. when wetranslate a written text into music, film,or painting (non-verbal signs).


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Translation has been present ever sincemankind used language(s) for means of

communication. It is an activity that

helped different cultures to be transferred

and known by other communities and that

hasnt lost its function in any phase ofmankinds existence on earth.


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The activity of translation is a means ofcommunication and a social agreement in

human relations. As for the theoretical

background of translation activity, we can

say that the process of its being located

into an academic frame has almost lasted

till today.


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Translation studies is a combination of

theory and practice. Translation iscomposed not only of practice or

theoretical exercise but also of their

equivalent association. Translation is alsoa study on languages which entails the

existence of translation

researches,semantics, comparativelinguistics, communication techniques,

cultural researches and equivalence.


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The problem solving technique within theprocess of reading the ST enhances the

language craft of comprehending the text

and metaphrasing (translating) it to

another language.


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Fransz dnr Etienne Dolet, eviridebir kuram ortaya atan ilk kii olarakeviri tarihi iinde yerini alr. Bir Dilden

Dier Bir Dile yi Bir ekilde eviriYapma Yollar adl yazsnda (How toTranslate Well From One Language Into

Another)be ilkeye deinir:


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1- evirmen, anlalmaz noktalara aklk

getirmekte zgr olmasna karn, zgnyazarn kastettii anlam ok iyi kavramal,

2- Kaynak ve hedef dili ok iyi bilmeli,

3- Szc szcne evirmemeli, 4- Gnlk dil kullanmlarna evirisinde yer

vermeli,

5- Doru tonu yakalayabilecek szck seimive dzeni belirlemelidir.


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nl Homer evirmeni ngiliz George

Chapman da bu grleri yineler velyadaevirisinin nsznde evirmene yleseslenir:

1- Szc szcne eviri yapmayn, 2- zgn metnin ruhuna ulamaya aln,

3- Gevek eviri yapmaktan saknn, eviri

ncesi ok bilimsel ve dikkatli bir aratrmayapn.


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WORD-FOR-WORD

TRANSLATION

A method of translating which entails precisefidelity to the wording of ST. Although it is

held by some to be synonymous with

LITERAL TRANSLATION, most writers now

consider it an extreme form of literal

translation in which a TL word is substituted

for each ST word without reference tosyntactical factors such as word order.


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SZC SZCNE EVR

Kaynak metindeki szcklerin erek metneszcklerin dizili sralarnn

deitirilmeden aktarld eviri tr. Buynteme gre kaynak metin, kaynakdildeki szck sras erek metindekorunarak evrilir.

I went to school. Ben gittim okula.


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LITERAL TRANSLATION

(METAPHRASE)

Can be defined in linguistic terms as atranslation made on a level lower than issufficient to convey the content unchanged while

observing TL norms (Barhudarov) Literal translation takes word-for-word

translation as its starting point, although

because of the necessity of conforming to TL

grammar, the final TT may also display group-group or clause-clause equivalence (Catford)


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SZC SZCNE EVR

evirmenin kaynak metnin biimselzelliklerine bal kalarak ve genellikleerek dilin dilbilgisine uygun olarak eviri

metni rettii bir eviri stratejisi


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SENSE-FOR-SENSE

TRANSLATION

A general term used to describe the typeof translation which emphasizes transfer ofthe meaning or spirit of an ST over

accurate reproduction of the originalwording. The purpose of such a policy is toaccommodate the needs of the TL readerby producing a text which conforms to the

linguistic and textual norms of the TL andculture and which does not thereforesound foreign.


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ANLAMINA GRE EVR

Kaynak metnin anlamnn ya da ruhununaktarmn ne karan bir eviri anlay.Bu yntemin amac erek dil ve kltrn

dilsel ve kltrel normlarna uygun, erek dilokurunun yabanc olarak grmeyeceibir eviri yaratmaktr.


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FAITHFULNESS (FIDELITY)

General terms used to describe the extent towhich a TT can be considered a fairrepresentation of ST according to some criterion.

Traditionally a faithful translation has beenunderstood as one which bears a strongresemblance to its ST, usually in terms of eitheritls LITERAL adherence to S meaning or itssuccesful communication of the spiritof theoriginal.

Bible translation


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SADAKAT

Erek metnin kaynak metni tam olarakyansttnn dnld durumlar iinkullanlan genel bir terim. Gelenekselolarak, kaynak metnin anlamna ya daruhuna szc szcne bal kalarakevirme olarak anlalan sadakat bu

nedenle zellikle kutsal metinlerinevirilerinde kullanlmtr.


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FREE TRANSLATION

(IMITATION)

A type of translation in which moreattention is paid to producing a naturally

reading TT than to preserving the ST

wording intact.

Free translations are generally more TL-oriented than literal translations.

Not the form but the meaning is important.


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ADAPTATION

A term traditionally used to refer to any TTin which a particularly FREE translation

strategy has been adopted.

The term usually imlies that considerablechanges have been made in order to

make the text more suitable for a specific

audience (e.g. Children) or for theparticular purpose behind the translation


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ADAPTATION (CNTD.)

Adaptation Cultural translation (Nida)

Bible translation X AdaptationPseudotranslation (Rado)

Translations skopos (Nord)

Rewriting

Imitation Version


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UYARLAMA

Yetikinler iin yazlan bir eserin ocuklarauyarlanmas

Tiyatro eserleri

Reklam metinleri


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EQUIVALENCE

A term used to decribe the nature and theextent of the relationships which exist

between SL and TL texts or smaller

linguistic units.

Replacement of textual material in onelanguage (SL) by equivalent textual

material in another language (TL)(Catford


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EQUIVALENCE (CNTD.)

Nida 1. Dynamic equivalence (Communicative) 2. Formal equivalence Kade 1. Total (one-to-one) 2. Facultative (one-to-many) 3. Approximative (one-to-part) 4. Zero (one-to-none)


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EQUIVALENCE (CNTD.)

Koller

1. Denotative

2. Connotative 3. Text-normative (i.ei text type-based)

4. Pragmatic

5. Formal-aesthetic


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EQUIVALENCE (CNTD.)

Popovic

1. Linguistic (phonetic, morphological,syntactic) (dilsel)

2. Paradigmatic (expressive system)(dizisel)

3. Stylistic (biemsel)

4. Textual (metinsel)


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Semantic Translation

A translation mode in which the translatorattempts, within the bare syntactic and semantic

constraints of the TL , to reproduce the precise

contextual meaning of the author (Newmark) A semantic translation consequently tends to

strive to reproduce the form of the original as

closely as TL norms will allow.

No effort is made to shift ST into a T culturalcontext.


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Semantic Translation (CNTD.)

Greater attention is paid to rendering theauthors original thought process in TL than toattempting to re-interpret ST in a way which thetranslator considers more appropriate for the

target setting.

A semantic translation will therefore treat theoriginal words as sacred, even if this requiresreproducing inconsistencies, ambiguities anderrors.

Literary texts


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COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION

A term used to refer to any approach whichviews translation as a communicative processwhich takes place within the social context

A communicative translation will typically beoriented towards the needs of the TL reader orrecipient.

Thus, the translator will treat ST as a message

rather than a mere string of linguistic units, andwill be concerned to preserve STs originalfunction and to reproduce its effect on the newaudience


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COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION

(CNTD.)

Journalistic writing

Textbooks,

Public notices Most non-literary genres.


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TRANSLATION TYPES (Jacobson)

Interlingual translation (translation proper)

Intralingual translation (rewording)

Intersemiotic translation

Documents

Çeviri Kuramı Kavramlar