Ch 12 69642020 69642021

outline12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.4.1 12.4.2 12.4.3 12.4.4 12.5 12.5.1 12.5.2 12.5.2.1 12.5.2.2 12.5.2.3 12.5.2.4 12.6 2112

1978-19961995-1996

12

12.1bottom- heavy195012

12.11970Five Small Industry197890%12

12.21978-1990:1978---28001996---13500:1978---GDP6%1999---GDP26%12

12.3

12.3 1. Big Push:Figure 12.112

Figure 12.1

12

12.3 2.

:12

12.3 3. 1980: 12

12.3 3. 198030%12

12.3 3. 12

12.3 3. (RCCs)

12

12.3 4. 197012

12.3 5. (12.4)198012

12.3 6. 12

12.4 12.4.1

12.4.2 12.4.3 12.4.4 http://www.lwlm.com/ 12

12.4 12.4.1 (1953-1978)

()

12

12.4 12.4.2 80 300

12

12.4 12.4.3 80

12

12.4 12.4.3

rents

12 http://www.china.com.cn/

12.4 12.4.4

12

12.5 1990

12

12.5 12.5.1

Figure 12.2

12

Figure 12.219962004

Chart1

28.265628.2656

29.093429.0934

29.996729.9967

29.695629.6956

31.129131.1291

32.346432.3464

52.081139.8216

69.790343.2705

79.371445.4128

88.051847.1823

95.454648.9394

93.667847.2014

92.647545.9251

96.091147.6703

106.245951.757727

123.45308257.677299

113.29698458.98615

128.62058660.6

135.08285159.53

130.50422953.26519

125.36545848.286279

127.04087743.688186

128.1957238.327882

130.85575433.721812

132.877117.858127

135.72932412.35966

138.661749.978877

142.722005

146.82006

150.92007

Total employment

Individual, household, and private firms

Collectives (township and village level

2008 2005

Million

Figure 12.2TVE employment

Sheet1

()()()()

1978282656002826560028.265628.2656

1979290934002909340029.093429.0934

1980299967002999670029.996729.9967

1981296956002969560029.695629.6956

1982311291003112910031.129131.1291

1983323464003234640032.346432.3464

1984520811003982160052.081139.8216

1985697903004327050069.790343.2705

1986793714004541280079.371445.4128

1987880518004718230088.051847.1823

1988954546004893940095.454648.9394

1989936678004720140093.667847.2014

1990926475004592510092.647545.9251

1991960911004767030096.091147.6703

199210624590051757727106.245951.757727

199312345308257677299123.45308257.677299

199411329698458986150113.29698458.98615

199512862058660600000128.62058660.6

199613508285159530000135.08285159.53

199713050422953265190130.50422953.26519

199812536545848286279125.36545848.286279

199912704087743688186127.04087743.688186

200012819572038327882128.1957238.327882

200113085575433721812130.85575433.721812

200213287710017858127132.877117.858127

200313572932412359660135.72932412.35966

20041386617409978877138.661749.978877

2005142720000142.72

2006146800000146.8

2007150900000150.9

Sheet2

Sheet3

12.5 12.5.2 Figure 12.2

19801995

199510%

12

12.5 12.5.2 Weitzman and Xu (1994)

Chang and Wang (1994)

Qian and Jin(1998)

(Che and Qian 1998Rozelle and Boisvert 1994)

12

12.5 12.5.2 (Chen 2000Chang, McCall, and Wang 2003)

(Li and Rozelle 2003Dong, Bowles, and Ho 2002)

12.5.2 12.5.2.1 1995

12

12.5.2 12.5.2.2 1996

two workers for each job

1977-1998

12

12.5.2 12.5.2.3 Table 12.1 12

Table 12.112

12.5.2 12.5.2.4 () Table 12.2

20%50% 12

Table 12.212

12.5.2 12.5.2.4 Privatization with a tail()()510

tail (Li and Rozelle 2003) 12

12.6 21

519(Qian 2003)12

12.6 21

12