Ch. 22 FungiCh. 22 Fungi

By: Brianna ShieldsApril 27, 2006

By: Brianna ShieldsApril 27, 2006

DO NOWDO NOW

1. To what domain do Eubacteria belong?

2. To what kingdom does algae belong?

3. To what “special group” or phylum witihin the animal kingdom do Sea Stars or Starfish belong?

1. To what domain do Eubacteria belong?

2. To what kingdom does algae belong?

3. To what “special group” or phylum witihin the animal kingdom do Sea Stars or Starfish belong?

GOALGOAL List the characteristics of the kingdom Fungi Describe the structure of a typical fungus body Identify how fungi obtain nutrients Relate the way fungi obtain nutrients to their role in

ecosystems Distinguish the ways that fungi reproduce Describe the characteristics used to classify fungi List two commercial uses for fungi Describe three phyla of fungi Distinguish between life cycles of zygomycetes,

ascomycetes and basidiomycetes Describe the mushroom Amanita muscaria Distinguish two symbiotic relationships that involve fungi Summarize the ecological importance of mycorrhizae Describe lichens

List the characteristics of the kingdom Fungi Describe the structure of a typical fungus body Identify how fungi obtain nutrients Relate the way fungi obtain nutrients to their role in

ecosystems Distinguish the ways that fungi reproduce Describe the characteristics used to classify fungi List two commercial uses for fungi Describe three phyla of fungi Distinguish between life cycles of zygomycetes,

ascomycetes and basidiomycetes Describe the mushroom Amanita muscaria Distinguish two symbiotic relationships that involve fungi Summarize the ecological importance of mycorrhizae Describe lichens

FungiFungi

FungiFungi Immobile Cell Wall- made of

chitin Heterotrophic- break

down dead organisms Obtain nutrients by

secreting digestive enzymes

Resource recyclers Some parasitic

Immobile Cell Wall- made of

chitin Heterotrophic- break

down dead organisms Obtain nutrients by

secreting digestive enzymes

Resource recyclers Some parasitic

Fungi

•Fungi • Bodies made of long, filamentous hyphae woven together– While growing, form tangled

mass called mycelium

• Mitosis occurs inside nucleus (nuclear envelope never disintegrates)

FungiFungi

Where is Fungi found?

Where is Fungi found?

Where is fungi found? Athlete’s foot Yeast infections Histoplasma capsulatum grows in bird and

bat feces- spores inhaled by humans Ringworm Make bread and fruit undesirable Attack paper, cardboard, cloth, paint,

leather Yeasts used in baking, brewing,

winemaking Flavor and aroma of cheese Antibiotics such as penicillin

Where is fungi found? Athlete’s foot Yeast infections Histoplasma capsulatum grows in bird and

bat feces- spores inhaled by humans Ringworm Make bread and fruit undesirable Attack paper, cardboard, cloth, paint,

leather Yeasts used in baking, brewing,

winemaking Flavor and aroma of cheese Antibiotics such as penicillin

Fungi

• Fungi • Reproduction– Spores released from tips of

hyphae– Air current carry spores great

distances to new habitats• Spores formed by mitosis asexually• Sexual reprod- hyphae from two

mating types fuse to produce spores

AssessmentAssessment

Distinguish the characteristics of fungi from those of plants

Compare the characteristics of the mycelium with those of the reproductive structures

Summarize the way fungi obtain nutrients Describe the role fungi play in the

environment Summarize the different ways that fungi

can reproduce

Distinguish the characteristics of fungi from those of plants

Compare the characteristics of the mycelium with those of the reproductive structures

Summarize the way fungi obtain nutrients Describe the role fungi play in the

environment Summarize the different ways that fungi

can reproduce

FungiFungi

Fungal Reproduction

Fungal Reproduction

Deuteromycetes Asexual Antibiotic penicillin Cheese flavors Aspergillus- ferments soy

sauce, produces citric acid Fungal skin diseases- athlete’s

foot, ring worm

Deuteromycetes Asexual Antibiotic penicillin Cheese flavors Aspergillus- ferments soy

sauce, produces citric acid Fungal skin diseases- athlete’s

foot, ring worm

Fungi

• Fungal Reproduction

• Zygomycetes– Common black bread mold– Thick walled zygosporangia (sexual

structures)– Live in soil and on decaying matter– Stolons- Mycelia growing on surface of

bread– Rhizoids- hyphae anchoring fungus to

bread– Usually asexual (spores)

Fungi

• Fungal Reproduction

• Ascomycetes– Caused chestnut blight in 1890– Flavorful morels and truffles – Ascus- saclike structure where

spores are formed• Form within hyphae of a cup

shaped fruiting body• Asexual usually

Fungi

• Fungal Reproduction

• Ascomycetes- Yeast– Yeast- Saccharomyces

Cerevisae• Bread• Alcoholic beverages (beer)

– Yeast- Candida albicans• Thrush- disease with white lesions

in mouth

– Asexual- budding

FungiFungi

Fungal Reproduction

Fungal Reproduction

Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, Toadstools, puffballs, jelly

fungi, shelf fungi Basidium- club shaped reproductive

structure that releases spores Sexual reproduction (rarely asexual) Some deadly, some harmless

Amanita species, such as death angel and destroying angel are toxic to humans

Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, Toadstools, puffballs, jelly

fungi, shelf fungi Basidium- club shaped reproductive

structure that releases spores Sexual reproduction (rarely asexual) Some deadly, some harmless

Amanita species, such as death angel and destroying angel are toxic to humans

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

AssessmentAssessment

Summarize how fungi are classifiedDescribe the distinctive

characteristics of the three phyla of fungi

Describe the structure of the mushroom

Summarize how fungi are classifiedDescribe the distinctive

characteristics of the three phyla of fungi

Describe the structure of the mushroom

Fungi

• Symbiotic relationships with fungi

• Mycorrhizae– Mutualism between fungi and vascular

plant roots– Hyphae transfer minerals from soil to plant

roots– Plant supplies fungus with carbohydrates– Usually seen as tangled mass around plant

roots– May have allowed early plant to live on

land in infertile soils– Aid growth of oaks, pines, beeches and

willows– Help produce edible mushrooms and

truffles

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

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FungiFungi

Symbiotic relationships with fungi

Symbiotic relationships with fungi

Lichens Mutualism between a fungus

and algae or cyanobacterium Producer provide carbohydrates Fungus protects

photosynthesizer from environment, and helps absorb mineral nutrients

Algae hides amongst fungi’s hyphae

Colonize harsh habitats Desert Arctic Bare soil Tree trunks Sunbaked rocks

Lichens Mutualism between a fungus

and algae or cyanobacterium Producer provide carbohydrates Fungus protects

photosynthesizer from environment, and helps absorb mineral nutrients

Algae hides amongst fungi’s hyphae

Colonize harsh habitats Desert Arctic Bare soil Tree trunks Sunbaked rocks

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

FungiFungi

Symbiotic relationships with fungi

Symbiotic relationships with fungi

Lichens First colonists during

primary succession (break down rocks into minerals and soil)

Can fix nitrogen Survive drought and

freezing by becoming dormant

One of oldest living organisms on Earth

Can grow very slowly Susceptible to chemical

changes in environment- good indicators of pollution

Lichens First colonists during

primary succession (break down rocks into minerals and soil)

Can fix nitrogen Survive drought and

freezing by becoming dormant

One of oldest living organisms on Earth

Can grow very slowly Susceptible to chemical

changes in environment- good indicators of pollution

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

AssessmentAssessment

Describe two types of symbioses that involve fungi

Explain how mycorrhizae are thought to have helped plants to colonize land

Identify the organisms found in lichens Summarize how lichens promote the

process of biological succession Homework: Review sheets from

Chapters 20-22 to prepare for the Ch. 19-22 Test

Describe two types of symbioses that involve fungi

Explain how mycorrhizae are thought to have helped plants to colonize land

Identify the organisms found in lichens Summarize how lichens promote the

process of biological succession Homework: Review sheets from

Chapters 20-22 to prepare for the Ch. 19-22 Test