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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Thermal Engineering Lab., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration

Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

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Page 1: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Thermal Engineering Lab., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University

Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration

Page 2: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

흡수식냉동기의 필요성: 하절기 전력 피크

5.1 Introduction

Page 3: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

‘08년 월별 국내 전력사용량 ‘08년 월별 국내 LNG사용량

25,000

27,500

30,000

32,500

35,000

1월 2월 3월 4월 5월 6월 7월 8월 9월 10월 11월 12월

(단위 : GWh) 월별 전력사용량

흡수식냉동기의 필요성:

냉방부하에 의한 하절기 전력 피크

하절기 가스수요 감소

5.1 Introduction

Page 4: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

5.2 Simple theoretical absorption

refrigeration system

Page 5: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

압축식냉동기와 흡수식냉동기의 비교

Compressor

W

Condenser

QC

Evaporator

QE

Condenser

QC

Evaporator

QE

QG

Generator

Absorber

QA

Solution heat exchanger

Solution pump

Page 6: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Page 7: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

흡수식냉동기 구성도

Page 8: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

이상적인 압축식 냉동기와 흡수식냉동기 사이클

TH

QO

QL

QH

TO

TL

QO

QL

W

TO

TL

압축식 냉동 사이클 흡수식 냉동 사이클

Page 9: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

이상적인 흡수식냉동기의 성적계수

TH

QO

QL

QH

TO

TL

Page 10: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

흡수식냉동기의 성적계수

Page 11: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

압축식 냉동기와 흡수식냉동기의 비교

Page 12: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

5.3 Elementary properties of binary mixtures

NH3/H2O

Page 13: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Duehring 선도상의 물/LiBr 흡수식냉동 사이클

E

C

A

Pressure

(mm

Hg)

Temperature (oC)

SHX

G

QG

QA

QC

QE

Page 14: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

물/LiBr와 암모니아/물 시스템의 특성 비교

Page 15: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

5.4 Elementary steady flow process

1 1 2 2 3 3m m m

지배방정식 (예 : 흡수기)

1 2 3m m m

1 1 2 2 3 3 absm h m h m h Q

Absorber

Refrigerant vapor

weak solution

cooling water

strong solution

<흡수기의 용액 흐름>

1

102

3

101

2

Page 16: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

5.5 Rectification of a binary mixture

Page 17: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Page 18: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

5.6 The ammonia/water absorption refigeration system

Page 19: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

5.7 LiBr/water absorption refigeration system

Page 20: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Single effect cycle

E

C

A

Pressure

(mm

Hg)

Temperature (oC)

G

QE

QC+QA

QG

1

Page 21: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

성능향상 시도 1

E

C

A

Pressure

(mm

Hg)

Temperature (oC)

G

QG

QA

QC

QE

Page 22: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

성능향상 시도 2

E

C

A

Pressure

(mm

Hg)

Temperature (oC)

G

QG

QC

QE

QA

Page 23: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

성능향상 시도 3 – 이중효용 사이클

E

CH

A

Pressure

(mm

Hg)

Temperature (oC)

GH

QGH

QCH

QE

QA

GL CL

QCL

1

2

Page 24: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

이중효용 사이클

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

이중효용 사이클

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

흡수식냉동기 상용화 제품 분류 작동냉매

시스템

특징

물/LiBr

중온수(일중효용)

지역냉방

직화식(이중효용)

중대형, 시장활성화

증기 또는 온수(이중효용)

중대형, 시장활성화

소형(이중효용)

최근 개발, 간접공냉

암모니아/물

대형(일중효용)

저온냉동용

소형(일중효용, GAX)

열펌프 겸용

확산형

냉장고

Page 27: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

일중효용 흡수식냉동기 (온수 구동)

COMPONENTS OF HOT WATER FIRED ABSORPTION CHILLER

SOLUTION HEAT EXCHANGER PURGE SYSTEM

ABSORBER

EVAPORATOR

GENERATOR

CONDENSER

PUMPS

Page 28: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

이중효용 흡수식냉동기(직화식)

COMPONENTS OF DIRECT FIRED ABSORPTION CHILLER - HEATER

2nd STAGE GENERATOR

SOLUTION HEAT EXCHANGERS

ABSORBER

EVAPORATOR

1st STAGE GENERATOR

CONDENSER

BURNER

Page 29: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

이중효용 흡수식냉동기 (증기구동)

1st STAGE GENERATOR

HEAT EXCHANGERS DRAIN COOLER

ABSORBER

EVAPORATOR

2nd STAGE GENERATOR

CONDENSER

COMPONENTS OF TWO STAGE STEAM ABSORPTION CHILLER

Page 30: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Calculation of LiBr/water sigle effect cycle

An absorption system with a solution heat exchanger is shown below. The mass rate of flow delivered by the solution pump is 1 kg/s.

a) Find the missing properties and fill out the table below. •Assume that p(abs)=p(eva) and p(gen)=p(con).

b) Calculate the rates of heat transfer at each of the components (generator, absorber, condenser, evaporator and solution heat exchanger) and the COP of this cycle?

Page 31: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

States of the cycle

Point

LiBr- Concentratio

n

(%)

Temperature

(oC)

Enthalpy

(kJ/kg)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

55

?

62

?

0

0

0

?

?

?

65

?

40(sat. liq.)

5(sat. vap.)

?

?

?

?

2670

167.5

2511

Page 32: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Duehring chart & h-x chart for LiBr/water

Page 33: Ch. 5 Absorption Refrigeration - 서강대학교 청년광장 - 홈home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/thermal/menu4/Lists/b10/... ·  · 2016-03-15Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Calculation

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Elementary steady flow process

1 1 2 2 3 3m m m

지배방정식 (예 : 흡수기)

1 2 3m m m

1 1 2 2 3 3 absm h m h m h Q

Absorber

Refrigerant vapor

weak solution

cooling water

strong solution

<흡수기의 용액 흐름>

1

102

3

101

2