Ch07c Ehap Lect

7/26/2019 Ch07c Ehap Lect

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Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slides 7.43 7.62

Seventh Edition

Elaine N. Marieb

Chapter 7

The Nervous System

Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. oo!


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CerebellumCerebellum

Slide 7.43aCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Two hemispheres with convoluted

surfaces Provides involuntary coordination of

body movements


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CerebellumCerebellum

Slide 7.43bCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 7.15a


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Protection of the Central NervousProtection of the Central Nervousystemystem


calp and s!in

!ull and vertebral column

"eninges

Figure 7.1#a


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Protection of the Central NervousProtection of the Central Nervousystemystem


Cerebrospinal fluid

$lood brain barrier

Figure 7.1#a


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"eninges"eninges


%ura mater

%ouble&layered e'ternal covering

Periosteum ( attached to surface of thes!ull

"eningeal layer ( outer covering of thebrain

Folds inward in several areas


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"eninges"eninges


)rachnoid layer

"iddle layer

*eb&li!e

Pia mater

+nternal layer

Clings to the surface of the brain


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Cerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid

Slide 7.46Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

imilar to blood plasma composition

Formed by the choroid ple'us

Forms a watery cushion to protect thebrain

Circulated in arachnoid space,ventricles, and central canal of thespinal cord


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-entricles and ocation of the-entricles and ocation of theCerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid


Figure 7.17a


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-entricles and ocation of the-entricles and ocation of theCerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid


Figure 7.17b


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$lood $rain $arrier$lood $rain $arrier


+ncludes the least permeable capillariesof the body

/'cludes many potentially harmfulsubstances

0seless against some substances

Fats and fat soluble molecules

espiratory gases

)lcohol

Nicotine

)nesthesia


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Traumatic $rain +n2uriesTraumatic $rain +n2uries


Concussionlight brain in2ury

No permanent brain damage

ContusionNervous tissue destruction occurs

Nervous tissue does not regenerate

Cerebral edema

welling from the inflammatory response

"ay compress and !ill brain tissue


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Cerebrovascular )ccident 3C-)4Cerebrovascular )ccident 3C-)4


Commonly called a stro!e

The result of a ruptured blood vessel

supplying a region of the brain

$rain tissue supplied with o'ygen fromthat blood source dies

oss of some functions or death mayresult


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)lheimer6s %isease)lheimer6s %isease


Progressive degenerative brain disease

"ostly seen in the elderly, but maybegin in middle age

tructural changes in the brain includeabnormal protein deposits and twistedfibers within neurons

-ictims e'perience memory loss,irritability, confusion and ultimately,hallucinations and death


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pinal Cordpinal Cord


/'tends from themedulla oblongata tothe region of T1

$elow T1 is the caudae8uina 3a collection ofspinal nerves4

/nlargements occur inthe cervical and lumbarregions

Figure 7.19


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pinal Cord )natomypinal Cord )natomy


/'terior white mater ( conduction tracts

Figure 7.1:


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+nternal gray matter & mostly cell bodies%orsal 3posterior4 horns

)nterior 3ventral4 horns

Figure 7.1:


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Slide 7.53cCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Central canal filled with cerebrospinalfluid

Figure 7.1:


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"eninges cover the spinal cord

Nerves leave at the level of each

vertebrae%orsal root

)ssociated with the dorsal root ganglia (

collections of cell bodies outside the centralnervous system

-entral root


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Peripheral Nervous ystemPeripheral Nervous ystem


Nerves and ganglia outside the central

nervous system Nerve ; bundle of neuron fibers

Neuron fibers are bundled by

connective tissue


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tructure of a Nervetructure of a Nerve


/ndoneuriumsurrounds each fiber


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Classification of NervesClassification of Nerves


"i'ed nerves ( both sensory and motorfibers

)fferent 3sensory4 nerves ( carryimpulses toward the CN

/fferent 3motor4 nerves ( carry impulsesaway from the CN


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Cranial NervesCranial Nerves


1 pairs of nerves that mostly serve the

head and nec! Numbered in order, front to bac!

"ost are mi'ed nerves, but three aresensory only


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%istribution of Cranial Nerves%istribution of Cranial Nerves


Figure 7.1


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I >lfactory nerve ( sensory for smell

II >ptic nerve ( sensory for vision

III >culomotor nerve ( motor fibers toeye muscles

IV Trochlear ( motor fiber to eyemuscles


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V Trigeminal nerve ( sensory for theface? motor fibers to chewing muscles

VI )bducens nerve (motor fibers to eye muscles

VII Facial nerve ( sensory for taste?motor fibers to the face

VIII -estibulocochlear nerve (sensory for balance and hearing


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Slide 7.62Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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