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1Chapter 17 Key Terms
AlveoliLarynx
TracheaSurfactantRespirationEpiglottisGlottis
Pleural CavityInspirationBronchiBronchiolesInternal RespirationPartial PressureVocal foldsThyroid Cartilage Nasal SeptumEustachian TubeNasopharynx
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGYCHAPTER 17: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Respiratory System
PurposeExchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
atmosphere and the blood
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP
RespirationThe overall exchange of gases between the
atmosphere, blood, and cells
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Respiratory Organs
Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs
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The Nose
External nares (Nostrils) Nasal cavity
Divided into left and right nasal cavities by nasal septum
Anterior portion has 3 functionsWarm, moisten, and filter airOlfactory stimuli are detectedResonating chambers (sinuses) help create speech
sounds
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The Nose
Nasal cavityChonchae extend from cavity wallNasal cavity divided into passageways
Superior meatusMiddle meatusInferior meatus
Chonchae and nasal cavity are lined with mucous membraneTraps particles filtered by hairsCilia moves mucus to back of throat to be swallowed
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The Nose
Olfactory receptors line the membrane of the superior meatusOlfactory region
Goblet cells in the membrane secrete mucus Mucus moistens air and traps particles Capillaries in the membrane help warm the air
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The Sinuses
SinusAir filled space inside bone
4 SinusesSphenoidalFrontalEthmoidalMaxillary
Help reduce some of the weight of the head
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Pharynx
Also called the throat Lined with mucous membrane Nasopharynx – posterior portion of nasal cavity
Connected to the Eustachian tubesConnect to the middle ear (pressure control)
Oropharynx – passageway for air and food Laryngopharynx – connection for the mouth and
esophagus, and the nose and trachea
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Larynx
AKA voice box Thyroid cartilage is most prominent feature (Adam’s
apple)Moves up and down when swallowing/talking
Epiglottis covers the glottis when swallowingCough reflex functions when anything other than air enters
larynx False vocal folds – close to keep food from entering lungs Vocal folds – vibrate to produce speech Trachea carries air from larynx to the bronchi
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Bronchi
Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi Trachea and bronchi contain incomplete rings of
hyaline cartilage Bronchi branch into bronchioles
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The Lungs
2 lungs enclosed in pleural membrane Parietal pleura – attaches lung to wall of thoracic
cavity Visceral pleura – covers the lungs Pleural cavity – space between those two
membranes Right lung has 3 lobes Left lung has 2 lobes Bronchioles contain alveoli
Very thin walls for diffusion (respiratory membrane)
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The Respiration Process
Purpose Supply cells with O2 and remove CO2
3 processes Ventilation/breathing
Exchange of gases between atmosphere and lungsInspiration/inhalation and expiration/exhalation
External respirationExchange of gases between blood and lungs
Internal respirationExchange of gases between blood and cells of the body
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The Respiration Process
Diaphragm contracts lungs expand, forcing air into lungs O2 and CO2 exchanged diaphragm relaxes, forcing air out
Hemoglobin transports gases in blood The pressure of a gas determines the rate it diffuses
from one area to anotherPartial pressure = amount of pressure that gas
contributes to the total pressure
Air = 21% O2
21% x 760 mmHg = 159.6 mmHg
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