Chapter 4 Ethics Beliefs, values & morals Used to determine right & wrong Speakers who exercise free speech Are responsibility to speak ethically Public Speaking Ethics (Clip) Public Speaking Ethics Speaker Credibility Speaking Freely 1 st Amendment Says no laws will abridge freedom of speech Free Speech In the U.S. free speech is protected Free speech must be balanced with speaking ethically What could be a consequence of unethical speaking? Freedom of speech rulings Congress declared it illegal To urge the violent overthrow of government Supreme court narrowed the definition of Slander False speech that harms someone Supreme court defended Burning of the U.S. Flag as a Speech Act Protected by the 1 st amendment Communications decency act 1996 Imposed penalty for Transmitting/receiving obscene material online Ruled unconstitutional Why would this law be ruled unconstitutional? Patriot Act Sparked debate over national security & free speech Should govt. be able to restrict or censor right to free speech Speaking ethically Have a clear, responsible goal Goal should be clear to audience (Where should this be in your speech) Use sound evidence & reasoning Ethical speakers Use analysis & evaluation Unethical speakers Use false claims & manipulate emotion Speaking ethically Be sensitive to & tolerant of differences Accommodation Sensitivity to audience differences Willing to hear opposing viewpoints Be honest Offering false/misleading info is an ethical violation Speaking ethically Avoid Plagiarism Stealing ideas Presenting others work as your own Plagiarism Clip 1 Plagiarism Clip 1 Cut & paste plagiarism Lacing speech with non-credited phrases found in a source Do own work Resist using others articles or speeches as own Penalty will be a failing grade Plagiarism clip 2 Plagiarism clip 2 Acknowledge sources - Items that need citations Direct quotes Opinions, assertions, ideas of others, Even if paraphrased & (in your words) Statistics Facts, research, etc Non-original visual materials Take careful notes In order to acknowledge sources Note down info accurately during research Cite sources correctly How to cite a source when speaking? Correct oral citation pg-32 (Citation Video) (Citation Video) Provide Date, Specify the type of source Give the title Provide author or source Pause, Quote source, Pause