Chapter 5

Settling the Middle

Colonies

I. New Netherland Becomes New York

A. 1609 – Hudson claims land along Hudson River for Dutch while looking for NW Passage

B. Beginning of New Netherland1. 1621 – Dutch West India Company

sets up a trading company - New Netherland

2. 1624 – Sent 30 families to settle3. New Amsterdam – center of new

colonya. Located on Manhattan Islandb. 1626 – Peter Minuit, governor of

colony, buys land for about $244. Grows slowly

a. No real reason to move thereb. Their country was prosperous

and tolerant of religions

Peter Minuit

5. Recruiting settlersa. Welcomes all people in New Englandb. Gave large tracts of land to anyone who

brought 50 settlersc. Riverfront propertyd. Patroons ran land as they chose; own laws

C. New Sweden Established1. Fur Trade – brought settlers from Sweden2. 1638 – New Sweden formed near Wilmington,

Delaware3. Dutch view New Sweden as a rival4. 1655 – Peter Stuyvesant, governor of New

Netherland, seized New Sweden

D. New English King Takes Over

1. Civil War in Englanda. Parliament Puritans

vs. Charles I supporters

b. King beheaded for treason

2. Puritans run country for 11 years

3. 1660 – King Charles II takes over

4. 1664 – Charles sends brother, James, Duke of York to seize Dutch colony.

5. Four English warships anchor at New Amsterdam

a. Governor Stuyvesant tells colonists to fight back.

Fight back!b. New Netherland

surrenders without a fight

c. Renamed New York in honor of James

E. Colonial Government1. James becomes proprietor of New York2. Allows Dutch to keep their religion, lands, and

customs3. Religious freedom to all4. Colonists had no say in government

New York

1621

1655

1664

Fur Trade

Eliminate Competition

Control Atlantic Coast

Peter Minuit

Peter Stuyvesant

James, Duke of York

II. New JerseyA. New York too large to manage for JamesB. Gave land to Sir George Carteret and Lord John

BerkeleyC. Named land “New Jersey” after Carteret’s

birthplaceD. Kept religious freedomE. Developed separately until they became a royal

colony in 1702

New Jersey

1702New York too large to

manageSir George Carteret

Lord John Berkeley

III. William Penn’s ColoniesA. Quakers needed a place for

religious freedomB. Quakers persecuted

1. Believed all people equals in eyes of God

2. Refused to take oaths3. Women allowed to speak

at meetings4. Opposed war – would not

serve in army5. Refused to pay taxes6. Did not believe in slavery

William Penn

C. King Charles gave Penn land to repay loan from Penn’s father

1. Named land Pennsylvania2. Pennsylvania – “Penn’s woods”

D. Based government on religious freedomE. Paid NA for landF. Attracted German settlers fleeing religious wars

1. Formed communities that kept alive their customs

2. Known as Pennsylvania Dutch

III. DelawareA. Pennsylvania had no seaportsB. Penn receives grant from

James for 3 counties along the Delaware River for trading purposes

C. Uniting two areas difficult1. Delaware could elect their

own assembly2. Penn was governor

D. Counties later break away and form their own colony, Delaware

Pennsylvania 1681 Religious Toleration William Penn

Delaware 1682Pennsylvania

SeaportWilliam Penn