32
CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome.

CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET

Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome.

Page 2: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

Artifacts = Latins settled near Tiber river, 1000-800 B.C. United with other people already there. Formed the city of Rome.

Page 3: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

Etruscan Kings began to control area, 616-509 B.C. Very advanced, taught ideas to all. Divided Romans into two groups : 1. Patricians – wealthy. 2. Plebeians – common, working.

Not equal, tensions increased between them.

Page 4: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

Romans got rid or E. Kings and organized a new government. New government = Republic.

Republic – elected officials had power but only patricians could be elected. Still not equal!

Page 5: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

Government had consul (highest), a Senate (like USA), tribunes (watchdogs), and veto power (like USA). Just like our government.

President Congress Courts

Executive Legislative Judicial

Page 6: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

Romans established laws, 12 Tablets. Took into consideration the future and incorporated ideas of the conquered people.

Laws : 1. all citizens are equal.

2. innocent until proven guilty.

3. right to know who is accusing you.

4. no punishment for what you think.

Page 7: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

SOUND FAMILIAR?

Page 8: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

Chapter 7 Rome Quick Check #1

1. Romans overthrew the Etruscan Kings and set up a form of government called a Republic. Define a Republic:

2. Write the U.S.A. equivalents:Consul = _______________

Senate = ________________Tribunes = ______________

3. Romans established laws. Name two laws that the U.S.A. uses.

Page 9: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• Expansion now that gov't in place.

•1st, conquest of surrounding lands.

•Carthage (city on N.Africa) controlled trade in Western Med. Sea. Rome wanted this....fought Carthage - called Punic Wars (264-146 BC). "Punic" because Phoenicians started Carthage.

Page 10: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• Rome defeated Carthage, gained control of African coast and Spain, Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica.

•By 64 BC, conquered almost all land around Med. Sea plus Macedonia, Greece, Syria, Turkey. Conquered lands became provinces.

Page 11: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• In 50's BC, Rome wanted land north of Italy. J Caesar's army invaded present day France (Gaul). Gallic wars got Rome more land....

Western Europe - present day GB, Germany, Austria, Switz., Bulgaria, etc.

Page 12: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

All the growth brought changes (IMPACTS):

1. wealthy got wealthier.

2. slaves and conquered moved into Rome, took jobs (cheap labor), increased unemployment among the plebeians. Pleb.'s had to sell land....more moved to city in search of job.....increase unemployment in cities. Gangs formed. Increase in crime.

3. welfare increased.

Page 13: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• These economic problems and pleb. unhappiness led to civil wars. Romans fought Romans.

•People needed peace and security and were willing to give up Republic and use Dictators.

•Dictators abused power.....some military leaders fought for control....J. Caesar.

Page 14: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• J. Caesar saw problems with gov't and became popular with plebeian. He fought other military leaders for control.

•In 46 BC Julius Caesar became only ruler of Roman Empire. He:

Page 15: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

1. made army & gov't more efficient.

2. Senate made to better represent provinces and people .

3. made more people citizens.

4. created more jobs and reduced the need for welfare.

Page 16: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• J.C. had jealous enemies. 44 BC Caesar murdered by Marcus Brutus.

•Leadership went to friend, Marc Antony. Caesar's adopted son,

•Octavian, helped Antony catch and kill murderers............but complete chaos!

Page 17: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• Antony and Octavian ruled Empire together. Split it in half.

•Until Antony plotted with Cleopatra in Egypt to take over Octavian.

•War was declared on Antony.

• 31BC Octavian defeated Antony. Antony and Cleo committed suicide to avoid capture.

Page 18: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome
Page 19: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• Octavian became the 1st emperor, 27 BC. Gave him the name "Augustus" = revered one.

•With the start of Augustus, empire enjoyed 200 years of peace, security & major accomplishments.

• Time was called Pax Romana or Roman peace.

•With Pax Romana, empire grew in size, more conquered. Trading and contacts went to China, northern Middle East and India.

•Ideas, culture, laws and Roman control spread to all of Europe, Africa and Asia.

Page 20: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• During Pax Romana had good and bad emperors:

1. Augustus stepson, Tiberius, bad.

2. Caligula - 37 AD. madman, murderer, thought he was a God, made horse a Senator.

3. Nero - 54 AD. murdered wife and mom, pyromaniac, committed suicide.

Page 21: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

1. Trajan - 98 AD. expanded borders even farther.

2. Hadrian - 117 AD. strengthened military.

3. Marcus Aurelius - 161 AD. one of the best, protected Rome's massive border…

Page 22: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

…in order to save Roman soldiers lives hired German people to live on border and defend.

•Upon Aurelius death, empire started to decline. By 192 AD Pax Romana ended.

• Military leaders fought each other for control/ leadership of Empire.

•Other civilizations became powerful enough to challenge (militarily) the Romans.

Page 23: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• Economic and political problems increased, weakened Empire.

•Too strengthen itself, Empire divided in half. Eastern Rome and Western Rome.

•The capital city (Rome) was moved to Byzantium and renamed Constantinople by the Emperor, Constantine (approx. 330AD).

•Western half became weak and poor. Eastern half grew stronger and wealthier.

Page 24: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome
Page 25: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

Meanwhile..........................

•Jesus had been born and was going around Roman Empire teaching his ideas. Jewish religion, One God, love, heaven, act properly, 10 Commandments.Had helpers called apostles.•Romans thought Jesus was dangerous. Governor of Jerusalem, Pontius Pilate "sentenced" Jesus to death for crimes against Rome and Jews.

•After death, apostles and missionaries continued to spread/teach Jesus ideas

Page 26: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• called it a new religion......Christianity. New religion spread fast!!

•More and more people began to believe. Roman gov't continued to persecute Christians until............

•Emperor Constantine made this new religion = to all other religions.

Page 27: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

THE FALL•Roman Empire depended on "legions". Were professional soldiers called mercenaries.

Legion Legion Legion

• Gov't. hired Germans to serve in legions (called mercenaries).

Page 28: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• Legions became more loyal to Germany and had no loyalty to Rome.........so, they didn't do their job of protecting the borders.

•A breakdown of law and order occurred, civil war, tribal attacks.

•Later they refused to defend or work for Empire.

Page 29: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome
Page 30: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• Diseases, plagues, low birth rate, unemployment, left cities, people lost hope.

•Economic problems - trade lessened, less money to people, couldn't pay taxes, slaves ran away, less food, money worthless, gov't couldn't help.

Page 31: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

• Germans invaded Western half of Empire and took it over.

•Asian invaders, Huns, invaded Eastern half of Empire and took large parts, but not all.

•476 AD. official end of Roman Empire.

Page 32: CHAPTER 7 ROME PACKET Rome’s origins – Legend = Romulus, Remus, Mars, wolf, Romulus started city called Rome

•Leftover Eastern half continued and renamed itself the Byzantine Empire.

•Capital remained Constantinople (Emperor Constantine).

To be continued………..