Chapter 8A - PHP Pre-Built Function

ChapterEightPHPAdvancedPartI

byM.R.M.Rosman

FreePowerpointTemplates Page1

M.R.M.R

osman|http://rahimi.uitm

.edu.my

FreePowerpointTemplates

Copyright 2012M.R.M. Rosman. All right reserved torespective owner. No part of this publication may bereproducedordistributed inany formorbyanymeans,including,butnotlimitedto,theprocessofscanninganddigitization, or stored in a databaseor retrieval system,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionoftheowner.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionoftheowner.

Introduction Thischapterwillcover:


M.R.M.R


.edu.my


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

DATE()FUNCTIONCHAPTEREIGHT

PHPDate()Function

The PHP date() function formats a timestamp to amorereadabledateandtime.

AtimestampisthenumberofsecondssinceJanuary1,1970at00:00:00GMT.This isalsoknownastheUnixTimestamp

Syntax:


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

PHPDateFormattheDateThe first parameter in the date() functionspecifieshowtoformatthedate/time.It uses letters to represent date and timeformats: dThedayofthemonth(0131)mThecurrentmonth,asanumber(0112) YThecurrentyearinfourdigits


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Example1

Parameter Description

d Thedayofthemonth(from01to31)

D Atextualrepresentationofaday(threeletters)

j Thedayofthemonthwithoutleadingzeros(1to31)

I Afulltextualrepresentationofaday

z Thedayoftheyear(from0through365)

W TheISO8601weeknumberofyear


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

W TheISO8601weeknumberofyear(weeksstartingonMonday)

F Afulltextualrepresentationofamonth(JanuarythroughDecember)

m Anumericrepresentationofamonth(from01to12)

M Ashorttextualrepresentationofamonth(threeletters)

n Anumericrepresentationofamonth,withoutleadingzeros(1to12)


t Thenumberofdaysinthegivenmonth

L Whetherit'saleapyear(1ifitisaleapyear,0otherwise)

Y Afourdigitrepresentationofayear

y Atwodigitrepresentationofayear

a Lowercaseamorpm

A UppercaseAMorPM

g 12hourformatofanhour(1to12)


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

g 12hourformatofanhour(1to12)

G 24hourformatofanhour(0to23)

h 12hourformatofanhour(01to12)

H 24hourformatofanhour(00to23)

i Minuteswithleadingzeros(00to59)

s Seconds,withleadingzeros(00to59)

DateDefaultTimezone

Sometimes its necessary todeclaredefaulttimezone.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Example

Example1


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Source:http://php.net/manual/en/function.date.php


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

SERVERSIDEINCLUDES(SSI)

CHAPTEREIGHT

ServerSideIncludes The include() and require() functioncan be use to insert banner, menu,specific code, functions, footers, oranycontentoffileintoPHP(similartotheconceptofexternalCSS)

Thedifferencesbetweenthosetwoisthewaytheyhandleerrors. Include()


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

thewaytheyhandleerrors. Include()generate warning but continueexecuting the codes while require()generatesafatalerror.

WhySSI?

Save the developer a considerableamountoftime.

Allow you to create standard designtobereusedwithinyourproject.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

tobereusedwithinyourproject. Updating is easier because can justupdatingasinglefile.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

INCLUDE()FUNCTIONCHAPTEREIGHT

include()function

The include() function takes allthe text in a specified file andcopies it into the file that usestheincludefunction.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

theincludefunction.

Example


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Create2newPHPFiles

test.php menu.php

test.php

Example1

menu.php

Home|Biodata|Education|

2


M.R.M.R


.edu.my


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

REQUIRE()FUNCTIONCHAPTEREIGHT

Therequire()Function The require() function is similarto include(), they only handleerrorsdifferently.

The require() functiongeneratesa fatal error and the script


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

a fatal error and the scriptexecution will stop after theerror.

Comparison


M.R.M.R


.edu.my


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

FILEUPLOADCHAPTEREIGHT

UploadingFile

Uploading file is possible withPHP.

Restrictions on upload iscompulsoryasuploading files is


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

compulsoryasuploading files isconsiderasasecurityrisk.

Allowonlytrusteduserstodosoand keep track the type of filesthattheycanupload

Example Refer to Introduction toPHP Projects: Abeginners handbook,pages2930.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

UploadingFileThe enctype is declared withinform tag to specify the type ofcontentwhenyousubmittheform"multipart/formdata" isusedwhena form requires binary data, likethe contents of a file, to beuploaded


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

the contents of a file, to beuploadedThe type="file" attribute of thetagspecifiesthattheinputshouldbepossessedasafile.When viewed in a browser, therewillbeabrowsebuttonnexttotheinputfield

PHP$_FILES

Global PHP $_FILES array can be used to uploadfilesintoserver.

Thefirstparameteristheform'sinputnameandthesecond index can be either "name", "type", "size","tmp_name"or"error.



M.R.M.R


.edu.my


$_FILES["file"]["name"] The nameoftheupload file

$_FILES["file"]["type"] The type of the file upload (Such asJPEG,GIF)

$_FILES["file"]["size"] The sizeinbytesoftheuploaded file

$_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"] The name of the temporary copy ofthefilestoredontheserver

$_FILES["file"]["error"] Theerrorcode resulting from the fileupload

Example2

FileUploadName:

gallery.php


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Picture:

Example2(cont)


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

RestrictionsonUpload

Allowing file upload withoutrestriction is a risky activitiesunlessyouare theadministratorofthesite.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

ofthesite. Restriction can be made uponfile size, file type, or any othercriteria's.

ByteConversionChart


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

MIMEFileTypePg.1


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

MIMEFileTypePg.2


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

MIMEFileTypePg.3


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

MIMEFileTypePg.4


M.R.M.R


.edu.my


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

USINGCOOKIESCHAPTEREIGHT

PHPCookie Cookie is used to identify thepersonwhologonintoasystem.

Its used to kept a uniqueidentifier so that it can be usedmany times until the person log


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

many times until the person logoutfromthesystem.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my


M.R.M.R


.edu.my Higuys!!Doyou

knowwhathappenedafteryoupressthelogin

button?


M.R.M.R


.edu.my Whenyoupress

thebutton,yourusernameandpasswordwillbesenttoascript


M.R.M.R


.edu.my Authenticateduser

willbepromptintomainpageaftersuccessfulloginwhilebadloginusuallyprompted

backintologinpage

Then,howshouldIrecognizetheperson

whoentermysystem?Hmm,letsmecheckhim/her

first.

Step1


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Hi,howareyou?

Step2


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Fine,thanksforasking.

Canyougivemeyouusername?

Step3


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Sure.Myusernameissiti2010

Ok.Ifoundyourusername.NowgivemeyoupasswordsothatIknowthatImtalkingwiththeright

person.

Step5


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Mypasswordiseureka90210

Ok.Imatchedyoupasswordwithyouusername.Your

nameisSiti AminahBtAbdullah.Youridis3.Iwillstoredyouridforreferences.

Step6For wrong passwordrepeatstep3


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Ok.Thanksalot!Wait,howdoyoustoredmylogincredentials?

Wehavetwooption.Firstbyusingcookieandanotherbyusingsession.Wewill

storedyoureferenceidthatisunique.

Step7

COOKIE

SESSION


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Oh,Isee.Thankyouforyourtime!

)

Hi,mynameisSiti.Nicetomeetyou!

COOKIE identifies the person whocommunicatewiththeinformationsystem

Step8


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Okguys.ThisgirlisSitiwithID3fromtbl_user.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

USINGCOOKIECHAPTEREIGHT

COOKIE

Cookie isused tostoreduniqueidentifierofaperson.

The itemstoredmustbeuniqueandnoduplication.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

andnoduplication.

COOKIE

ThePHP$_COOKIEvariable isusedtoretrieveacookievalue.

Example

UsingCookie


M.R.M.R


.edu.my


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

COOKIETUTORIALCHAPTEREIGHT

INSTRUCTION

Createafoldernamelogin1andfourPHPfiles:


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

index.php login.php

main.php logout.php

index.php


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

login.php


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

main.php


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

logout.php


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

LOGIN


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

LOGOUT

UnsupportedBrowsers

There are some browser thatdoesntsupportcookies.Todealwith this matter there are twopossiblesolutions:Useformtomovedatafromapagetoanother.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

toanother.Usesessioncookies


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

USINGSESSIONSCHAPTEREIGHT

PHPSessionVariables Session variables allow you to storedata temporarily, just as cookiesdoes.

Thevariablesordatawillbedeletedwhenyouleftyourbrowser.

Sessionscreateauniqueid(UID)for


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Sessionscreateauniqueid(UID)foreach visitor and store variablesbasedonthisUID.

TheUID is either stored in a cookieorispropagatedintheURL.

StartingaPHPSession Before you can store userinformationinyourPHPsession,you must first start up thesession.

The session_start() function


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

The session_start() functionmust appear BEFORE thetag:

StoringaSessionVariable You can store value using$_SESSIONvariables:


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

DisplayingaSessionVariable You dispay value using$_SESSIONvariables:


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

FreeingSessionVariable

The unset() function is used to free thespecifiedsessionvariable:


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

DestroyingaSessionsession_destroy()willdestroyorresetyour session and all storedinformationwilllose.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

SESSIONTUTORIALCHAPTEREIGHT

INSTRUCTION

Createafoldernamelogin2andfourPHPfiles:


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

index.php login.php

main.php logout.php

index.php


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

login.php


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

main.php


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

logout.php


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

LOGIN


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

LOGOUT


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

MAILFUNCTIONCHAPTEREIGHT

ThePHPmail()Function

ThePHPmail() function canbeused tosendemails from insideascript.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Parameters

Syntax Description

to Required.Specifiesthereceiver/receiversoftheemail

Subjects Required.Specifiesthesubjectoftheemail

message Required.Specifiesmessagetobesent.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

headers Optional.SpecifiesheaderslikeFrom,Cc,andBcc

parameters Optional.Specifiesadditionalparametertosendmail

program.

PHPSimpleEMail

The simplest way to send anemailwithPHPistosendatextemail.

Intheexamplebelowwedeclare


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Intheexamplebelowwedeclarethe variables ($to, $subject,$message, $from, $headers),thenweusethevariables in themail()functiontosendanemail:


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Exercise

Create a simple upload form touploadimageintotherootfolder.


M.R.M.R


.edu.my

Documents

Chapter 8A - PHP Pre-Built Function