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Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집집 집집 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

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Page 1: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

Chapter 9.

• Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 )– Single Electron Transistor

– Memory

Page 2: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

메 모 리 소 자

• Memory Hierarchy

• 양자역학의 세계

• D 램 (DRAM)

• 플래시 메모리 (Flash Memory)

• 플렉시블 메모리 (Flexible Memory)

• 차세대 메모리 소자

Page 3: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

Memory Hierarchy

Memory

Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM)

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

Programmable ROM (PROM)Programmable ROM (PROM)

Static RAM (SRAM)

Static RAM (SRAM) Mask ROMMask ROM

EPROMEPROMEEPRO

M

FlashFlash ReRAMReRAM STT-MRAMSTT-MRAM PoRAMPoRAM

Volatile Non-volatile

1984 Toshiba

Unknown (next-generation)

PcRAMPcRAM

Page 4: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

IntroductionIntroduction

고전 역학과 양자 역학

고전 역학( 축구공이 벽을 통과할 수 없다 )

-

양자 역학( 전자는 벽을 통과할 수 있다 )

나노 크기의 작은 세계

Page 5: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

IntroductionIntroduction

DRAM 의 기억 원리

----

-------

---

+++ + + +

++

정보 저장

정보 유지를 위한 재충전

축전기전자 충전 전원차단 방전 정보 소실

휘발성 메모리

Dynamic RAM

축전기에 전하가 충전된다

Page 6: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

IntroductionIntroduction

DRAM 소자

DRAM 단면 전자현미경 사진

DRAM 웨이퍼

축전기

트랜지스터

Page 7: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

IntroductionIntroduction

DRAM 소자

DRAM 모듈

DRAM 패키지

Page 8: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

IntroductionIntroduction

플래시 메모리의 기억 원리

- - - - -

정보 저장

플로팅게이트전자

`터널링터널링 전원차단전원차단 정보유지

비휘발성 메모리

일괄적인 소거

MemoryFlash

Page 9: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

IntroductionIntroduction

플래시 메모리

플래시 메모리전자현미경 사진

NAND 플래시 메모리NOR 플래시 메모리

플로팅 게이트( 스위치와 축전기 역할을 같이한다 )

Page 10: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

IntroductionIntroduction

플래시 메모리 제품

플래시 메모리 카드

USB 플래시 메모리

플래시 메모리 SSD

Page 11: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

IntroductionIntroduction

유연성을 가지는 메모리

유연성을 가지는메모리 소자

Page 12: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

IntroductionIntroduction

상용화된 반도체 메모리 소자

2-D CHANNEL

P-Si SUBSTRATE

Source Drain

Capacitor

SiO2

Gate

D-RAM 소자

Cap. 에 데이터를 저장

Flash Memory 소자

2-D CHANNEL

P-Si SUBSTRATE

Source Drain

SiO2

Poly Silicon

SiO2

Gate

Poly-Si. 에 데이터를 저장

Page 13: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

IntroductionIntroduction

차세대 메모리 및 반도체 소자

NFGM 소자

2-D CHANNEL

P-Si SUBSTRATE

Source Drain

Insulator

GateNano-Crystals

Nano particle 들이 전하를 트랩한다 .

FIN-FET 소자

P-Si SUBSTRATE

Source DrainInsulator

Gate

3 차원적 채널 형성으로 전류특성이 향상 .

Page 14: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

Next Generation Single Electron Transistors and

Nonvolatile Flash Memory

• Fabrication and Electrical Properties

Page 15: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

End of the SemesterEnd of the Semester

Final-stage image of the fabricated single-electron transistor

Page 16: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

End of the SemesterEnd of the Semester

High-electron transmission electron microscopy image of Al nanocrystals formed in the source-drain

channel

Page 17: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

End of the SemesterEnd of the Semester

p - Si

ba aorc

Ga+ Beam

AlAl

MgO

Schematic diagram of the nanocrystals formation process in the channel region

Page 18: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

End of the SemesterEnd of the Semester

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

0

4

8

12

16

-40

-20

0

20

40T = 300 K

CO

ND

UC

TA

NC

E

( 1/

10-

9 Ω)

DR

AIN

C

UR

RE

NT

(n

A)

DRAIN VOLTAGE (V)

Drain current and conductance as functions of the drain voltage without applied voltage at room

temperature

Page 19: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

End of the SemesterEnd of the Semester

-200 -100 0 100 200

0.38

0.40

0.42

0.44

VDS

= 90 mV

VDS

= 120 mV

T = 300 K

DR

AIN

C

UR

RE

NT

(n

A)

D

RA

IN

CU

RR

EN

T (

nA

)

GATE VOLTAGE (mV)

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Drain current as function of the gate voltage at different source voltages

Page 20: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

End of the SemesterEnd of the Semester

Cross-sectional bright-field TEM image for Ni1-xFex nanoparticles embedded in a polyimide layer

Ni1-xFex Nanoparticles

Page 21: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

End of the SemesterEnd of the Semester

Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) behavior with charge trap regions

MIS memories

Flat-band voltage shift of the C-V curve 2 V

Electron accumulation and depletion

Capture electrons inside the nanoparticle

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 120.0

2.0

4.0

6.0Al / PI / nc-Fe

0.8Ni

0.2 / PI / n-Si (100)

CA

PA

CIT

AN

CE

(p

F)

APPLIED VOLTAGE (V)

Capacitance-voltage curve

Page 22: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

End of the SemesterEnd of the Semester

e-

Nano crystals

Polyimide

Metal Gate

P-Si (100) Substrate

Source Drain

VGB

VDS

Transmit

Channel

Electron

e- e- e- e-

e- e- e- e- e-e- e- e-

+

+

-

-

A schematic diagram of the nano-floating gate flash memory utilizing nanocrystals formed in polyimide

Page 23: Chapter 9. Integrated Circuits ( 집적 회로 ) Single Electron Transistor Memory

Homework #9

고체전자공학 제 6 판

Chapter 9. 연습문제

문제 1, 문제 3

Chap. 3. Energy Bands and Charge Carriers in SemiconductorsChap. 3. Energy Bands and Charge Carriers in Semiconductors