charit khmer

1

critExµr rbs'

bußNöcnæ-mu"l

¨bFanBuTiìksmaKmmCÎmNëlsaFarNrd½Exµr

tMNagra¨s¶ mNëldUneBj

¨bFanKN:kmµkarvbºFmá nigFmµkar «nsPaCati

p§ayecjBI

eKhd½anelx 75 vfé Ehm ecov

-P~MeBj-

eVHBumõelIkTI 1

Bùsù 2517 Kùsù 1973

-

rk§asiTiì

2

Garm¸kfa

enHCas~a«dTI 2 rbs'xÆ¬Mbnæab'BIerOg KukneyaVy(R) . KMnit«nkarniBnìerOgKukneya-

Vy y"agNaenaH Gs'elakG~kswgVn¨CabsBÃ¨Kb'ehIy enAk~¬gesovePAenaH.

ÇcritExµrÈ s~a«dfµéenH k*manKMnitBuMxusq©aybu"nµan GMBIKukneyaVyEdr. xÆ¬MmanbMNgFM

cg'[exmrCn mansµartIPÆak'rlwkPÂWfÂa[kan'Etcºas'eLIg yl'bJúasgðmCati, yl'pl

¨beyaCn_rYm, yl'cMeNaTksagCati Tan'eBlevla.

ÇcritExµrÈ s¶ab'eTAdUcCaG~kniBnìmanKMnitriHKn' bn¶¬Hbgíab'EtExµrK~aäg bu"En¶tamkarBit

KWniyay[eXIjnUvTid½^manH erIseGIgrbs'ExµrmYyEp~k EdlbN¶al[ekItplGa¨kk'dl'

sgðmnigbk§. eyIg¨tèvEt¨by&t~nigGb'rMkuM[manTid^½rebobenaHeTot. eJlmYyEbbeTot KWfa

eqûIHykKnÂgGa¨kk'mklat¨tdagedémºI[eyIgsíb'exõIm ehIyecosvagBIKnÂgenaH rYc¨bkan'

yknUvKnÂgNaEdllí¨besIrmkv^j. niyay[xÂIeTAKWfa ÇcritExµrÈ CarUbmn¶ s¨mab'bgúaj

KuNv^bti¶EdlbN¶aleLIgedaymnus§mYyC÷BUk EdlKµanlkÅN:cit‘Camnus§esaH. KWBYk

TSgenaHägehIy EdlnS[bk§BYknigsgðmCatiGs'famBl ehIydl'nUvPaBhinehac

exÂacp§aenaH.

xÆ¬MKµanbMNgesaH k~¬gkarriHKn' Gs'elakvérCnbuBÃbursCatiExµr EdlelakVnbMeBj

ehIynUvBlikmµedémºICati xÂHdl'eTAhßanlHbg'Cév^tenaH. cMeJHGs'elakTSgenaH xÆ¬MVn

eKarBnamnigskmµPaBrbs'elakCa¨b¨ktI ehIyEtgykCabTerons¨mab'Cév^teTotpg.

xÆ¬MsuMriHKn' cMeJHEtBYkmnus§NaEdlmanxÂçndUcCastÃ KµanÓt¶mKti Kµanv^carN-

JïaNesaHenaHEtbu"eNöaH, ehIyedayKit karriHKn'enaHäg¨tèvEtsresrTuk ¨tèvEtniyay[

d·g e¨JHxÂçnxÆ¬MVnsegûtpæal' ¨BmTSgVneFÃIskmµPaBCamYypg dUcCaGMeBIrbs'BYk²s§r:Ca

edém EdleFÃI[xÆ¬MxUccit¶Gs'mYyCév^t bnæab'BIVnemIleXIjskmµPaB«¨B«p§«nBYkenaHk~¬g¨Ka

EdlxÆ¬Mrs'enACamYy.

dUec~HehIy xÆ¬MVTsUmGP&yeTasCamunGMBIsMNak'Gs'mit¶G~kGan E¨kgelamanJk´

¨tg'NaBuMsmrm´ b"HJl'dl'rUbnamGs'elak sUmGs'elakemt¶axn¶IGP&yeTas BIe¨JHkar

BiBNánaenAk~¬genH manPaBTUeTAeBk.

bMNgrbs'xÆ¬M KWcg'Et[manKMnitriHKn'sÄabnaekIteLIg p§ayCaesovePACalay

lkÅN_Gk§redémºICYyrMlwkK~a[yl' nUvmaKáalíGa¨kk'¨Kb'y"ag mincUlcit¶niyayEcb"E¨b

lblak'bUjmat'bt'du÷«d G~kenHGuIecH G~kenaHGIucuHesaHeLIy. xÆ¬MVnKiteXIjdl'cas'@brm

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ

(R) elakG~kcg'GanerOg KukneyaVy enH sUmemt¶acUleTA amekhmer.free.fr rYccuc¨tg' Khmerbooks

3

buraNrbs'eyIg EdlelakmanKMnit¨bEd¨bedAkUnecA[Vnsðal'esck¶IsuxcMerInk~¬gCév^t

m~ak'@ rhUtdl'sgðmCati edayelakBáyamcg¨kgJk´TUnµanCae¨cIn ekIteTACabTsik§a

Gk§rsaås¶ExµrsBÃ«f©enH dUcCacºab'ekrkal, Jkćas', Caedém. eyIgcas'sm&yenH yl'

ehtuply"agNak~¬gd÷eNIrCév^t EdleyIgVnluyqÂgkat'mkehIy KYrEtnSd÷eNIrenaHmkd÷-

Nalpg [ekµg¨skre¨kayK~ad·g K~a¨bugsµartIecosvagGMeBIGa¨kk'Camun kuM[tamKnÂg

cas'. enATIbJÍb' xÆ¬MsUm¨bkaseb¶CÆaCaÓLarikfa: KMnitxÆ¬M suMekItCaExµr rs'CaExµr sÂab'CaExµr

xÆ¬MsUmbUCaCév^tcMeJHEtbuKðlNaEdlesµaHnwgCatiExµr, xÆ¬MsMueb¶CÆacit¶faBuM¨BmbMerIbuKðlNa

EdlKµancit¶esµaH¨tg'nwgCati, ¨bkan'Gatµaniym bk§BYkniym p¶ac'karniym nigmanKMnitj¬H

jg'bMEbkbMVk'samKðICati edémºIBYk¨kum¨tçt¨taenaHesaHeLIy.

¨bkarmYyeTot tamC÷enO¨BHBuTìsasna zansYKá zan¨BHniJÃn manEmnsMrab'buKðl

G~ksagkuslVrmIGs'GEgÃgkbºklº man¨BHBuTìCaedém CaTIEdlKYr¨CHfÂa ¨Vf~aeTAekIt

Nas' bu"En¶xÆ¬MBuMmansMNUmsm¨Vf~afanwgeTAekItTIenaHesaH eTaHbIÓbmafa xÆ¬Mmankuslfanwg

VneTAekItTIenaHdUc¨Vf~ak¶I. drabNa ¨beTsExµrenAEtmanlMVkevTnaEhlk~¬gfÂ¬kQam

EdlekItmkGMBIkarkab'cak'K~adUcsBÃ«f© xÆ¬MsÂab'eTA sUmkuslplbuN´bJØènxÆ¬M[mkekItCa

ExµrenHeTotelITwkdéenH Gs'kbºklºGEgÃgCati kuM[xÆ¬MXÂatxÍat'¨Jt'vegÃgeTAekItTINaep§g

eLIy edémºICYyCatiExµr CYy¨beTsExµr CalMdab'CatierograbdrabeTA! enHCascÍvaTrbs'xÆ¬M!

- sUm[¨beTsExµr sÄitenAEtCarbs'ExµrCanicÍ!

- sUmBiPBelak manyuti¶FmácMeJHmnus§CatiTUeTA!

- sUm¨bCaBlelak VncMerInk~¬gpÂèvsn¶iPaB!

eFÃIenAP~MeBj«f©TI 28 emsa 2517/1973

bußNöcnæ-mu"l

4

esck¶Iep¶ém

eyIgTSgGs'K~a EdlmaneQµaHfaCaG~ktsUß ehIyEdleTIbEtrYcecjmkGMBIKuk

¨cvak' k*VnmkenACYbCu÷K~aenAnwgP~MeBjenH. Cb"unEdlCaG~kÓbtÄmnUvneyaVy eyIgk*enAEt

CYuyp¶l'nUvKMnitdl'¨kumbd^vt¶n_eyIgdEdl. Cbu"nBuMTan'caj'kmÂSg¨kumsmõnìmit¶enAeLIyeT fÃé

tºitEt¨kugP~MeBj¨tèvrg¨Kab'Ebkrbs'kgT&Bsmõnìmit¶ (kalBI«f©TI 5 kum: 1945) k*eday.

minEtbu"eNöaH enA«f©TI 9 mIna 1945 Cbu"n EfmTSgVneLamB&Tìcab'VrSgenAP~MeBjTSgGs'

eTotpg.

elak sWg g"ukfaj' Edlrt'eTAkan'¨beTsCbu"n tSgBIVrSgcab'elakGacar´ Ehm

ecov enaH k*Vn¨tèvCbu"nCYy[mkv^j enAExÓsPa1945. BIra¨tITI 8 eTATI 9 ExsIha 1945

yuvCnExµr nigTahan k*eFÃIbd^vt¶n_rMlMrd½aPiVlelak Gwug GIu EdlenAe¨kamGaNaBáVl

VrSg rYcenA«f©TI 14 ExsIha q~SdEdl elak sWg gu"kfaj' k*¨tèvVncat'tSgCanaykrd½aPi

VleLIg.

k~¬gsÄanPaBenH eyIgral'K~aCaG~kneyaVy ehIyEdlmanCbu"nCYyÓbtÄmenaH KYr

Nas'EtVnsbºayePÂItePÂInk~¬gcit¶ bu"En¶pæ¬uyeTAv^j eyIgBuMVnnwkKitdUec~aHeLIy eyIgral'

K~anwkeXIjfa kmÂSgBYksmõnìmit¶¨bEhlCanwgbEnÄmeLIg edémºIp¶çllMnwgeyIgenHeTAv^jVn

enA«f©NamYy e¨JHeKkMBugerobcMsMebImNas' edémºIbnæc'GanuPaBCbu"n ÉfaeK¨tèvkar¨tçt¨ta

²Nëècindac'mux.

kalebIKiteXIjdUec~aH eyIgral'K~ak*KitrkpÂèvCae¨scfa nwgeKc[putBIkN¶ab'«d

VrSg ebIVrSgQ~HCbu"nv^jenaH eyIg¨tèvecj[puteTAe¨kA edémºIriHrkmeFáVyrMedaH¨suk

teTAeTot.

«f©mYyCYbCuMK~a k*Bie¨KaH¨Bme¨BogK~afa ebIVrSgQ~HCbu"n eyIg¨tèvecjeTA¨sukesom

nig¨sukyYn.

dUcEdleyIgVnpðg¨BçyenaHEmn «f©TI 16 tula 1945 BYkVrSgk*lºçgcab'elak

nayk sWg gu"kfaj' eTA ehIy¨BmTSgrkcab'CnCa«deCégeTot (manBYkeyIgG~ktsUßenHäg).

dUcEdlVn¨JgTuk BYkG~ktsUßEckbMEbkK~aecjCaBIr¨kum. mYy¨kummanelak V"c

QWn, elak ecA EsnkuslQuM (kaleNaHCaecAhÃayext¶kMBg'cam), elak¨sI sWg gu"k

faj' namedém LS FIGßuk nigCnCae¨cIneTot VneTAenAVsak' (kmõ¬Cae¨kam). äcMENkxÆ¬M

5

bußNöcnæ-mu"l xÆ¬Mmanmam~ak'eQµaH bu"k KuN ehA ¨tLac enAext¶Vt'd÷bg EdlkaleNaH

esom¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom. ¨BM¨bTl'Exµr-esomkaleNaHenA¨tg'sÃaydUnEkv.

teTAmux Gs'elakG~knwgVn¨CabGMBId÷eNIrrbs'xÆ¬Mpæal'eTAkan'ext¶Vt'd÷bg nigGMBI

kMeNItExµr²s§r:¨BmTSgskmµPaBGÃIxÂH«n¨kumenaH. skmµPaBBYkenaH eXIjfapæ¬yBIeKal

bMNgrbs'eyIgG~kneyaVyrMedaHCati, pæ¬yBIKMnitrbs'eyIgEdlCaG~kbegûétBYkenaH.

skmµPaBBYkenaH KWCaKuNv^bti¶má"gEdlp¶l'[xÆ¬MkMhkcit¶y"agFMdrabsBÃ«f©.

ehtuenaHehIy eTIbxÆ¬MniyayriHKn'GÃI@ xÆ¬McUlcit¶fa ÇenHehIycritExµrÈ ral'dgdUec~H

äg.

v&ycas'bu"eNöHehIy xÆ¬MsUmcg«dGnuCnC÷nan'e¨kaynUvs~a«denH edémºICabTBicarNa

riHrkpl¨beyaCn_CUnbgbíènrYmCatik~¬gsaFarNrd½ExµrteTAeTotpg edayecosvagnUvGMeBI

eXareXA kab'smÂab'K~aägeday«¨B«p§enaHteTAeTot.

sUm[manyuti¶Fmák~¬gsgðm edémºIvDónPaBnigsuPmgðlrbs'saFarNrd½Exµr.

P~MeBj«f©TI 20 kum: 1973

bußNöcnæ-mu"l

6

karePosxÂçnrbs'xÆ¬M

enA«f©TI 16 tula 1945 evlaem"ag 11 knÂH«f© BYksmõnìmit¶Vnmk¨beLamcab'

elaknayk sWg gu"kfaj' enAv^manrd½aPiVlykeTA. Vnd÷NwgenHPÂam xÆ¬MCaG~kmanxÂçn¨sab'

k*¨tèvEtePoscenÂ¿sxÂçnecjeTAe¨kAdUcVn¨JgTuk. xÆ¬MC÷nuMnwg¨KçsareXIjfa¨tèvePoseTAenA

nwgma¨tLacrbs'xÆ¬MäVt'd÷bg EdlkaleNaH ext¶Vt'd÷bgesomenA¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom.

äkarEdleFÃId÷eNIr KW¨tèvBgÃagpÂèvkuM[eKtamcab'Vn. KWfamin¨tèvecjeTAtampÂèvxageCégP~M-

eBj¨tg'eTAEtm¶geT e¨JHBYkb"UlIsnigKijVrSge¨tob¨taenApÂèvenH cScab'BYkG~kePosxÂçn

ecjeTAesom. xÆ¬M¨tèvbEgÃgpÂèv eTAxagTenÂFMkMBg'cam rYcswmbkmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j vagBYkKij

enAm¶¬MKILèelx 6 P~MeBjpg nigbMVt'danpg. má"geTot karecjd÷eNIrtamdgTenÂFMenH xÆ¬Mk*

nwgGacVnCYbnwgmit¶Pki¶G~kbd^vt¶n_e¨cInK~aeTot enAtamdgTenÂFM xÆ¬MnwgVnC¨mabmit¶TSgenaH

[¨CabBI¨Bwt¶ikarN_fµé@ rYcnwglaeKeTAe¨kA¨sukpg. ¨KçsarxÆ¬MVn¨Bme¨BogtamenH eday

Nat'K~aeTotfa xÆ¬MeTAdl'TenÂbiT[sMNak'enAnwgpæHbg¨busxÆ¬MeQµaH bußNöcnæ-fat' eFÃIkarenA

hagsSgEsúlTenÂbiT äeKenAäP~MeBjäeNH nwgykLanmYyecjeTAkMBg'cam cSTTYlxÆ¬M

EdlmkBITenÂbiT nSykmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j rYcswmbn¶d÷eNIreTAVt'd÷bg.

VnNat'K~ae¨scVc'dUec~aHehIy l©acenaHxÆ¬MykmasBIrdu÷Carbs'pæal'xÂçn mUrnwgcegûH

exaTuksMrab'dUrcayenA¨sukeKeBlNaKµan¨Vk' rYcykkSePÂIgxÂItUcmYyesotcegûH rYceLIg

7

kg'¨bNSg (course)(1) rbs'xÆ¬M¨bjab'¨bjal'eTAkan'cMkarcºarGMeBA xÆ¬MBYnenATIenaHeTA. sUm

C÷rabfa m¶ayÒBukxÆ¬MmancMkarFMmYyenAcºarGMeBAenH. xÆ¬MsMrakenATIenaHmYyyb' ¨BwkeLIgm~Im~a

Fak'kg'tampÂèvP~MeBj«¨BnKr kat'valsºèvE¨BkägeTAdl'¨sukKKIr eTIbcuHBIpÂèvCati kat'eTA

eCég rYcqÂgTUkeTAeLIge¨tIylÃaäm. mkdl'e¨tIyenH xÆ¬MeLIgkg'eFÃId÷eNIrtammat'TenÂ eqõaH

eTAkan'E¨BkhÂçg. dl'E¨BkhÂçgem"ag 13 Cag xÆ¬Mk*Qb'sMrakrkGaharTTYlTan. bnæab'mkxÆ¬M

k*eTArkpæHmit¶m~ak'eQµaHxan' mit¶xan'¨bjab'¨bjal'sYrxÆ¬MGMBI¨Bwti¶karN_enAP~MeBj Edlfa

VrSgcab'elak sWg-gu"kfaj'. KiteTAmit¶xan' Camnus§tamdanerOg¨sukeTsxÂSgNas'Edr

KYrsresIr. xÆ¬MeqÂIy¨Vb'hUrEheTAv^jfa: BitEmnehIy, elak sWg-g"ukfaj' ¨tèvVrSgcab'

ehIy, ehIyG~käeTotCabk§BYkk*¨tèvVrSgrkcab'Edr, äxÆ¬MenHk*¨tèvePosxÂçn edémºIrkpÂèvtsUß

eTAmuxeTot xÆ¬M¨tèveTAkan'Vt'd÷bg Et¨tèvbEgÃgmktampÂèvenH rYceTAsMNak'enAnwgTenÂbiT eTIb

bkmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j. mit¶xan'yl'erOgKat'gk'kºal rYcXat'xÆ¬Mfa: ²LèvbíènägeTAtamkV"l'

vijeTA¨sYlCag e¨JHCHkg'tampÂèveKakBiVkNas', yb'enHsMrakenApæHxÆ¬MehIy, ¨BwkEsík

em"ag 6 knÂHswmcuHkV"l'! xÆ¬Mk*yl'¨Bm. yb'enaHxÆ¬MsMNak'enAnwgpæHmit¶xan'edaysux¨sçl.

¨BlwmeLIgmit¶xan'CUnxÆ¬Mmkkan'EpkV"l' rg'cSkV"l'eLIg(2). kV"l'mkdl' mit¶xan'Vn[Br

xÆ¬My"age¨cInsuM[eTAenA¨sukeKVnsuxsbºay edémºIeFÃIkarrMedaH¨beTsCatiteTAeTot. xÆ¬MelIk

«dTTYlBrmit¶xan'edayesµaH rYck*elIkkg'dak'elIsµa lamit¶xan'cuHkV"l'TSgGal&y.

kV"l'ecjBIEp XÂatq©aymkeTIbxÆ¬MGgð¬ycuH EtxÆ¬MenAEtsmÂwgmit¶xan'Tal'Etq©ayemIlElg

eXIj.

kV"l'dutÓsEm"¨t rlak'xÂçntic@ dUceKG¨gçn emIleTAe¨kayEKmrlkxÍayrt'eTA

e¨kay, yUr@ m¶g va[sIuepÂcUlEp¨BH¨bsb' rkaekag E¨BkeJFi_, JmCékg .l. rYcem"ag

¨bmaNCa 13 eTIbVnmkdl'TenÂbiT. xÆ¬MelIkkg'cuHBIkV"l' rYcrUtrH¨bjab'eLIgeKak xÆ¬MCH

kg'eTArkpæHbg bßuNöcnæ-fat' rbs'xÆ¬M. xÆ¬Mniyayrayrab'¨Vb'bgxÆ¬Mtamd÷eNIrerOg. bg

bußNöcnæ-fat' k*TTYl[xÆ¬Ms~ak'enAeday¨bug¨by&t~. xÆ¬Ms~ak'enAnwgpæHbgxÆ¬MVnmYyyb' ¨Bwk

eLIg k*¨tèvbgenHCUnd÷eNIrqÂgmk¨kugkMBg'cam edémºICYbnwgbgbíènEdlNat'K~aBIP~MeBj.

eBlmkdl'¨kugkMBg'cam xÆ¬Mk*VnCYbnwgbgbíèn¨BmTSgkµçy@ xÆ¬MCae¨cInnak'EdlmkBIP~MeBj

KWbíèn b"ugga" (¨sI), bíèn lU (¨bus) kµçy CYn-eCOn, CYn-mu"m, CYn-¨bsiTì Edlykrfyn¶sIu¨tè

eGn 15 esHrbs'bg¨sIxÆ¬MenAP~MeBjmkTTYlxÆ¬MtamNat'. xÆ¬Mykkg'eTATuknwgk¶itLan. xÆ¬Mnig

G~kTSgGs'K~alabg bßuNöcnæ-fat' eLIgLanbt'kºalmkTisxaglicv^j. enAk~¬gLan TSg

Gs'K~aniyay¨Vb'xÆ¬Mfa: l©acmijBYk¨ksYgsm©at' 3-4 nak' VneTArkxÆ¬MenAäpæHmuxvt¶ ÓNöa

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1)- kg'EdlxÆ¬Me¨bI¨Vs'k~¬geBlenaH xÆ¬Mrk§aTukrhUtsBÃ«f©CaGnus§avrIy_[kUnxÆ¬MVneXIjekr¶i_dMENlÒBuktsUßk~¬g

sm&yenaH.

(2)- Jké¨bIsMrab'd÷eNIrtamTenÂemKgð kV"l'eLIg KWkV"l'EdlebIkeLIgBIP~MeBjeTAkMBg'cam ¨kecH, kV"l'cuH KW

kV"l'EdlebIkcuHBIenaHeTAP~MeBjvj. niyaytamd÷eNIrTwkhUr EdlhUrBI¨kecHeTAkMBg'camcuHeTAP~MeBj.

8

elam EtbgbíènxÆ¬MeqÂIyfa minVneXIjxÆ¬MmkpæHeT enaHBYkenaHk*¨tLb'eTAv^jeTA. xÆ¬MnwkeXIj

faEmn BYkVrSgtamrUbxÆ¬MEmn ebIminVneKcmkeT ¨bEhlCaxÆ¬Mmane¨KaHFM Cab'eTaseTAekaH

¨tLacÉy"agNa@ eTotBuMxan. xÆ¬MnwkeXIjeTot Jk´G~kes~h_s~iTìVrSgEdlfa [EtVrSg

Q~HCbu"nnwgGal¨Vb'VrSg[cab'BYkxÆ¬M BYkGacar´ Ehm ecov dak'KukCafµéeTot. JkénHeK

VneJleBlEdlxÆ¬Mrt'rYcBIekaH¨tLacmkenAP~MeBjv^jenaH. {! ExµreGIy ebIrvl'EtykKab'

KYrnwgCatieK ehIysuxcit¶smÂab'ExµrK~aägy"agh~wg etInwg[¨sukeTsedéreTAmuxem"cnwgrYc?

enAeBlEdlrfyn¶Ctnwgdl'E¨Bkk¶am xÆ¬M[rfyn¶Qb'dak'xÆ¬McuH [G~kTSgGs'K~aqÂg

saLageTAcuH ehIy[ebIkeTAcSenAPUmimYyCtkMBg'hÂçg xÆ¬MnwgqÂgeTACYb¨tg'TIenaH. eyIg¨tèv

vag¨tg'kMBg'cmÂgE¨Bkk¶amenH tºitxÂacmanKijb"UlIsEqkeqreTot. Nat'K~adUec~aHe¨sc bg

bíènxÆ¬Mk*ebIkLaneTAqÂgsaLag äxÆ¬Mk*CHkg'xÆ¬MtampÂèvmat'TenÂ¨tg'eTAeCég. luHTnæwmnwgPUmimYy

EdlVnNat'enaH xÆ¬Mk*Qb' rYck*rkTUkeKqÂg. Cakusllí manTUkmYyeKTTYlcmÂgeTA xÆ¬MVn

dl'e¨tIydUc¨Vf~a ehIyQrcSrfyn¶bgbíènxÆ¬M. e¨kaymkrfyn¶mkdl'xÆ¬Mk*VneLIgCHteTA

eTot. KiteTAdMeNIrePosxÂçnenH kkickkucNas'.

rfyn¶VneFÃId÷eNIreTAmuxq©ayKµanQb'Qr eTAdl'ext¶eJFisat'. sUmC¨mabfa

kaleNaHext¶Vt'd÷bg, ¨tèvesom¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom ehIyman¨BM¨bTl'nwgExµr ¨tg'sÃay

dUnEkv. rfyn¶VnnSxÆ¬Mdl'sala¨suk¨tJMgCg, hYsBIsala¨suk¨tJMgCg¨bEhl 7

KILèEm"¨t dl'kEnÂgs©at'k*Qb'. TSgGs'K~acuHBIrfyn¶ xÆ¬Mk*ebIkKMrbk¶itLanykeTac¨kyanxÆ¬M

ecjmk. Ca{kasEdlxÆ¬M¨tèvEbkBIbgbíènkµçyCaTI¨sLaj'ehIy. xÆ¬M¨tèveFÃIdMeNIreTAEtm~ak'

ägk~¬geBlenHehIy. xÆ¬Mk*niyaylabíèn¨busbíèn¨sInigkµçyxÆ¬Mfa sUmbíèn@ nigkµçy@ emIlEfTS

¨Kçsarpg e¨JHxÆ¬MeTAenHBuMmankMNt'fa«f©NanwgVnv^lmkCYbCu÷¨Kçsarv^jeT, kartsUßmanEt

sÂab'ehIynigrs'CaKUK~a. CaBiessxÆ¬MVnp¶SkµçyxÆ¬M CYn-eCOn, CYn-mu"m, CYn-¨bsiTì [xMeron

EmnETnedémºICYyExµrteTApg. kµçy@ TSgenHk*fa xÆ¬MnwgeKarBtamJk´ma¨BmTSgeFÃItamKnÂg

ma²trMlg. ehIybíèn@ nigkµçy@ xÆ¬Mk*[BrxÆ¬MsUmeTA[Vnsuxsbºay eFÃIkarbMerICatiVn

eCaKC&yteTAGnaKt. xÆ¬MTTYlBrenHedayjjwm Etk~¬gcit¶eJreBjedaye¨kom¨kM¨seNaH.

xÆ¬Mnig¨KçsarenAniyayK~aEtJk´dEdl p¶SepÆInig[BrK~aeTAv^jeTAmk. TMrSEtdac'cit¶EbkBIK~a

eyIgcMNayeBlGs' 20 naTI. xÆ¬MeLIgCHkg'ecjeTA Fak'Vn 4-10 C÷han gakemIleTAbg

bíèneXIjeKQremIlmkxÆ¬M xÆ¬MFak'teTAeTot ehIygakemIleTAeTotelIk«deLIgla eKelIktb

mkv^j. karEbkK~aenHKYrkt'sMKal'Nas' e¨JHxÆ¬MeTAkan'¨sukesomenH mingayVn¨tLb'

mkCan'déExµrv^jeT EtmkBIxMkat'cit¶lHbg'¨Kçsar¨Kb'ya"g edémºItsUßksagCati eTIb¨tèvEt

XÂateTAenH. enHCaelIkd÷bUg«nCév^txÆ¬MEdlePosxÂçneTAkan'breTs.

xÆ¬MFak'kg'Vn¨bEhl 2 em"ag k*eTAdl'pÂèvbt'cUlvt¶sÃaydUnEkv xÆ¬McUleTAkan'vt¶

sÃaydUnEkvehIysMedAeTArkTUkqÂgeTAkan'e¨tIymÅag. k~¬gkarqÂgTUkenH manGnus§avrIy_mYy

EdlxÆ¬MBuMePÂc KWxÆ¬MkMBugEtCHTUkqÂg Vn¾sMdéBIk~¬gpæHmYyenACtmÅagdIesomniyayeLIg: eyI,

reTHkg'enaHlíNas'evéyùùù! xÆ¬MnwkP&yb"pí¬k «Gy"a ¨kumecaresomTl'EdnehIyetI! xÆ¬MsæabkS-

9

ePÂIgEdlenAnwgcegûHB¨g·gsµartIeLIgv^j! xÆ¬MemIlkg'xÆ¬M nigemIleTAmuxG~kGuMTUk EtG~kGuMTUk

niyayfa: minGIeT, ehIyecHEtGuMeTAeFÃI¨BegIy luH¨taEtdl'e¨tIy. bnæab'BI[esahußydl'

TUkdrYcehIy xÆ¬MeLIgkg'tamf~l'EdleqõaHeTAVt'd÷bgEtm¶g. tamf~l'xÆ¬MCHenAxageqÃg«d e¨JH

¨sukesomebIkbrxageqÃg. enAevlaem"ag 18 edaykmÂSgxMrbs'xÆ¬M xÆ¬MVneTAdl'¨sukemag

òs§I. xÆ¬MeTArkp§aremagedémºIrktam~ak'eQµaH taTwg Edlsðal'nwgGalsuMs~ak'. elaktaTwg

CaCagmasm~ak'enAp§arsIuEjkBIedém EteBlEdlmanclaclKat'k*mkenA¨sukemag. xÆ¬MsYr

eKhUrEheTAk*Vnsðal'CYbnwgtaTwgdUcbMNg. taTwgrak'Tak'TTYlxÆ¬M [xÆ¬MsMNak'enAmYyyb'

edaysuvtiÄPaB. luH¨BwkeLIgxÆ¬MVnlataTwg bn¶d÷eNIrtameTac¨kyanxÆ¬MeqõaHeTAkan'ext¶Vt'd÷

bg edémºIsuMs~ak'enAnwgma bu"k-KuN ehA ¨tLac. enAem"ag 11 «f©¨tg' xÆ¬Mk*VneTAdl'pæHmaxÆ¬M

dUcbMNg. pæHmaxÆ¬MsÄitenAcugsõanEdkEp~kxagekIt pæHenHCarbs'm¶ayekµkKat'eQµaH m"m-

rma"y. maxÆ¬MVnTTYlxÆ¬Medayrak'Tak'CaTIbMput ehIysYrxÆ¬Mfa: etImanCYbnwgelak V"n-yin

nigkµçy bußNöcnæ-FYn eT? xÆ¬MeqÂIyfa minVnCYbeT. eTIbmaxÆ¬MEbrCa¨Vb'xÆ¬Mfa: elak V"n-yin

elakeTAEt¨twmeJFi_sat'eT elakBuMhßancUleTAP~MeBjeT xÂaceKcab' elak¨tèv¨tLb'cUl

eTAVgkkv^j e¨JHelakmankUn¨busm~ak'eQµaH V"n-ekÂm"g' eFÃIkarCanaykk~¬g¨kumhußn Guk

sIuEh§n enA¨kugVgkk CaTIBwgGa¨s&yEdr. äkµçy bußNöcnæ-FYn GaccUleTA¨sukExµrv^jVn

tºitGagelIcMNat'kar Edle¨bI[¨twmEtCaG~kbkE¨bPasaCUnelak V"n-yin bu"eNöaH.

ehIymaxÆ¬MsresIrxÆ¬Mfavag«vEmn ecHedaHxÂçnrYcmkdl'kEnÂgenHVn. Kat'niyaynwgxÆ¬MfaminGIeT

eyIg¨tèvbegûét¨kumExµrG~ktsUßmYy¨kumeLIg eFÃIkarrMedaH¨sukBI¨kjSVrSg. xÆ¬Msbºaycit¶

Nas' edaymaxÆ¬MmanKMnit¨sbnwgxÆ¬MtSgBId÷bUg«ddUec~H.

10

karbegûétExµr²s§r:

xÆ¬MVnmks~ak'enAnwgmaxÆ¬M bu"k-KuN ehAta¨tLac ehIyVnp§ayKMnitGMJvnavsuM[

G~ksµ&¨Kcit¶cUlrYbrYmpgk~¬gkarbegûét¨kumExµrtsUßmYy¨kum [eQµaHfa ÇExµr²s§r:È. Jk´fa

Ç²s§r:È enHCaPasaVlIEdl[n&yfa ÇFM, minkJØHeK, CaG~kCaùùùÈ dUec~H ÇExµr²s§r:È

KW¨kumExµrEdlCamÍas'elIxÂçnäg KµanenAe¨kamGMNacG~kNa, CaExµrmanäkraC´, manesrIPaB

mansiTìi¨Kb'¨Kan'CaExµr.

enATIenaHminCayUr k*VnTYlmit¶Pk¶inigGs'elakCae¨cInrUb EdlmanKMnittsUßEdr

ehIyEdleTIbEtePosecjBIP~MeBjmk Vnsµ&¨Kcit¶mkrYbrYmnwgxÆ¬M¨BmTSgmaxÆ¬M. xÆ¬MsUmrMlwk

namrbs'Gs'elakTSgenaHxÂHEdlxÆ¬MVncS KWeQµaH ;

Ehm sag fan say

Ehm savat rs yWn

sarU hßU

mIu pUr Gußk san

¨Tg' cnærg§I xan'

eQog BuM

cnæ- etae¨ts ePaK nI

nigmanGs'elake¨cIneTot EdlxÆ¬MePÂcnamBuMVnrab'k~¬gTIenH (sUmGP&yeTas).

11

maxÆ¬MVnCYlpæHeKmYyenAm¶¬Mvt¶sEgû CUn¨kumTSgGs'enA ¨BmTSgVncMNay¨Vk'ciJÍwm

VyTwkrhUtmk. ehIymaxÆ¬MVneTAVgkkKitKUrnwgrd½aPiVl«f sUm[eKCYyeyIgTSgpÂèv

cit¶nigsmar:.

mYyExe¨kaymk karTak'TgenaH[pleLIg KWrd½aPiVl«fVnGnuJïat[ebIkkEnÂg

mYyenAXuMGnÂg'v^lcm©ay¨bmaN 5 Kùmù BI¨kugVt'd÷bg. eyIgk*manlTìPaBnwgbegûét ÇExµr

²s§r:È enAq~S 1946. mund÷bUgeXIjrYbrYmK~alíNas' ¨bmUlG~ksµ&¨Kcit¶äeTotCaG~k¨suk

[mkhat'eronVn¨bEhl 100 nak'. Vn¨bEhl 2-3 Exe¨kaymk Vnbegûét[man¨kum

esIubkarN_karJr¨kum²s§r: tºiteBlenaHraCkarVrSg-Exµr Vn¨bugcUlkan'kab'ext¶Vt'd÷-

bgv^jehIy. raCkarVrSg-Exµrcat'[esIubkarN_rk²s§r: dUec~HeyIg¨tèvbegûét¨kumesIubt

Tl'eTAv^j. karbegûétenHehIy EdlnS[lík'kkrKe¨magkarN_xÂH BIe¨JH¨kumesIubenH xÂH

manerOgpæal'xÂçnnwgG~kd«T k*tSgbgûac'bgÅèceK nSkarN_enaHmkC÷rab CaehtunS[G~keFÃIkar

xagelIse¨mckarGÃIKµan¨bsiTìPaBeLIy. karTUlBitbgûac'¨tkUl cgí¬leTasK~aenaHmanCa

¨b¨ktI dUcy"agem¨kumxÂHEdlcat'[eTAbgúat'bgÃ·kBlTahansµ&¨Kcit¶enaHCaedém. embgúat'

nimYy@ bgúat'minVnyUreT ecHEtmanerOgxus¨Kb'y"ag xÂHkUnTahanmineBjcit¶e¨JHtºiteFÃI

tamv^n&yeBk, xÂHdUec~H xÂHdUec~aH ¾EtJk´riHKn'ninæax§wbex§¿vK~aCaerOy@. m´"ageTot Tahan

ExµrEdlrt'mkBIP~MeBjTSgbu"nµan suTìswgEtBYk¨kum«hhUTahanCbu"n. rebobhat'«nTahan

Cbu"nC÷nan'enaHKW¨Bwkem"ag 5 hat'rt' 3-4 Kùmù y"agtic rYcehIyhat'lut¨kabrebobyuTì

sa¨s¶CagmYyem"ageTIbQb' nSK~aeTATTYlTanbbreBl¨Bwk. eFÃIy"agenHVn¨bmaN 15«f©

20«f© k*eTACaerOgEdr edaysarnayTahanrgecHEtrGßUrTSfa hat'rebobenHminVnyUreT rt'

lUnral'¨BwkKµanVn¨beyaCn_eT nSEtxateBl ehIyKµankSePÂIgmYyedémpg manEtkSePÂIg

eQImind·gCanwgcºSgnwgnrNaekIteT! Jk´TSgenH em¨kummin¨twmEtniyayCamYyem¨kumK~a

ägeT KWEfmTSgeJlenAeBlEdlkUnTahankMBughat'Gs'kmÂSgEfmeTot CaehtunS[kUn

TahaneCOtamGs'Twkcit¶tsUßeTAv^j.

enHägCa ÇcritÈ rbs'ExµrEdlKµanKitmuxe¨kayGÃIesaH ecHEteJlpÂèc@ [EtrYcBI

mat'edaysarEtht'enOybn¶icbn¶çcenaH mind·gfaBMenalenaHnS[xUckmÂSgsamKðIGÃIeT.

m´"ageTotsm&yenaH raCkar«feKebIkGMNac[¨bmUlkUnTahanedaysm©at' mincg'

[xÍrxÍay, eyIgminVnrk§akarsm©at'enaHesaH ecHEtbeJÍj[eKägd·g¾. ÇcritÈ eyIgKW

dUec~Häg C÷nuMK~asuTìEtfakarsm©at' KµannrNad·g¾eT luHdl'eBlecjBIC÷nuMmkv^j k*¨sab'Et

karsm©at'enaHd·g¾eLIgenAe¨kAkar¨bCu÷Etm¶g.

cMENkraCkar«fv^j luHd·gfaraCkarVrSg-ExµrmuxCaTajykEx¨tVt'd÷bgeTAv^j

enaH k*tSgcab'ep¶émp¶l'GavuF[Exµr²s§r:enH. Cad÷bUgraCkaresom[mk¨kumExµr²s§r: man

kSePÂIgyn¶<mI¨TIeyI>bYnedém nigkSePÂIg<mUsWûtug>¨bEhl 25 edém ehIymankSePÂIgxÂI 2-4

edémEfmeTot.

12

ehtuGÃIVnCaesomsuxcit¶p¶l'GavuF[Exµr²s§r: enAeBlEdlEx¨tVt'd÷bgnwg¨tèv

VnmkExµrv^jenaH? ¨tg'enHCaerOgmYyEdleyIg¨tèvKit! KWmkBIeKcg'e¨bIExµr[Ebrmux mint

Tl'cMeJHEtVrSgeT KW[tTl'nwgExµrK~aägenaHEfmeTot. bu"En¶eyIgBuMVneqatl©g' dl'eTA

ykGavuFmksmÂab'ExµrK~aägeT bu"En¶eyIg¨tèvEtTTYlyk, ykmkbe¨mIeKalbMNgrbs'eyIg

KWQmmuxTl'nwgBYkVrSgEtmYybk§bu"eNöaH.

cMENkkUnTahanExµr²s§r: kalebIVnGavuFxÂH k*ekItce¨mIncit¶Kitcg'cºSgnwgT&B

VrSgPÂam@ eTaHbIhat'eronv^CØayuTìsa¨s¶minsUvsæat'sæajk*eday. mYy«f©@ xÆ¬MTTYlBYkG~k

mksuMecjcºSgenaHy"agFuj xÆ¬MEtgXat'eKfa kuMGalsin cS[eyIgmanGavuFe¨cInbgðçrsin

ehIycShat'[sæat'CagenHbn¶iceTotsin.

äcMENkmaxÆ¬M bu"k-KuN ehA ta¨tLac enaHv^j k*eLIgcuH¨kugVgkkjwkjab' raCkar

xagesomeXIjägeTAegac@ eBk k*[kSePÂIghasibedémmkeTot.

suM[G~kGanyl'fa esom¨bugEt[eT BIe¨JHeK¨tèvkar[ExµrcºSgnwgExµr bu"En¶eday

eK¨tèvlak'KMniteKenaHpg eK¨tèvkar[¨kum²s§r:eyIgd·gKuNeKpg dUec~HeK¨tèvEttwgEtg

dUec~Häg. [mkFUreBk dUcCacg'[eBk. enHCaKMnitesom! ehIysm&yenaH (1946) mkdl'

sm&yenH (EdlExµreyIgkMBugTwkcUl¨cmuH) etIeXIjesommanp¶l'GÃI[eyIgsMrab'rs'eT?

GMBIeQµaH dab-QYn

kalBIedém dab-QYn enH Canay¨kum«nTahanrbs'raCkarExµr-VrSg EdlcºSgnwg

esom. kaleNaHraCkaresomecHe¨bIneyaVylYgelameXasnafa [EtemTahanrg nig

nay¨kumNaxagExµrrt'eTAcUlnwgesom esomnwgtemÂIgsk¶i[FMelIsBIenAExµreTAeTot.eQµaH

dab-QYn kalebIVns¶ab'eXasnaenH edaycg'Vnsk¶iysxõs'CagenH k*tSgdSkºalrt'

eTAcUlnwgTahanesomEtm¶g. xagTahanesomTTYlrak'Tak' ehIysnánwg dab-QYn fa

minGIeT nwgbMJk'ski¶[FMCagenACamYyTahanExµr KW[VnJk'sk¶i 1 . dab-QYn manGMNr

Nas' nwksgôwmehIyrg'cSTTYlzan:enaH rhUtcb'sågðamExµr-«feTA. «f©e¨kaymk raCkar

esome¨bI dab-QYn [mkrk§aPUmimYy¨tg'm¶¬MsÃayeckEdlkaleNaHCaTl'EdnExµr-esom.

dab-QYn rg'cSsk¶iEdlesombMJk'enaHGs'kald*yUr KµaneXIjnayTahanesomNamk

CYbniyayBIerOgski¶ysGÃIesaH eTIbPÆak'xÂçnfa: { Gjcaj'eVkesomeTetI! bu"En¶ dab-QYn

KµanpÂèvnwgeKcecjeTANarYceT rt'cUlmkxagraCkarExµrv^j ¨tèveKVj'ecal, emÂ"aHehIysux

cit¶xM¨TSbe¨mIesomteTA, EtBáyamfa¨tèvEtrt'«f©NamYy.

niyayBIxagT&BExµr²s§r:eyIgäeNHv^j kMBugEtekorKrrkK~a[Vne¨cIn luHesIub

dwgfa dab-QYn äeNaHmanesck¶ItUccit¶nwgesomkMBugEtrk¨ckecjBIT&Besom k*cat'K~a[

eTATak'Tgnwg dab-QYn [ dab-QYn cUlmkrYbrYmnwgExµr²s§r:v^jm¶g. dab-QYn man

13

GMNrNas' e¨JHenACamYyesomenaH dab-QYn manesck¶IGt'XÂanlMVkevTnaCaTIbMput

ehIyk~¬gcit¶k*QWcab'ral'«f©pg luHdl'mk¨tèveyIgehA[mkrYbrYmdUec~H dab-QYn k*dUcCa

VnrbUtBIex~aHX~ag. Kat'k*nS¨bBnìKat'nigkUn¨busmYy(1) ePosecjBIsÃayeck Kat'mkrk

¨kumeyIgenAGnÂg'v^lEtm¶g.

xÆ¬MminBenÂIseT edayKat'¨tèvkar[xÆ¬MseågðaHxÂSgeBk Kat'lUnsMBHxÆ¬MGMBIcm©ay e¨JH

Kat'd·gfa KWxÆ¬MenHehIyCaemekaym~ak'rbs'¨kum²s§r: Kat'mkCtk*niyayGgÃredayelIk«d

¨bNmĆab'fa: sUmelakmÍas'emt¶aGnuJïat[xÆ¬MVTVnmkenA¨Ckekan bMerIbk§BYkelak

mÍas'pg! xÆ¬MVTsUmsnáfa nwgbMerIbk§elakmÍas'edayesck¶IesµaH¨tg'CaTIbMput, [xÆ¬MVT

sºfCUnelakmÍas'k*sºfEdr xÆ¬MVTminkºt'elakmÍas'eT!

JkénH dab-QYn dak'xÂçnTabeBkNas' EdlxÆ¬Mmincg'¾JkénHpgeT. xÆ¬M¨bjab'[

Kat'egébeLIgQr[¨tg'xÂçnFmµta xÆ¬Mniyayfa: sUmelak kuMTukxÆ¬MCamnus§FMxõs'GI sUmelak

TukCamit¶m~ak'eTAcuH, elakmkenH xÆ¬MGreBkehIy e¨JHeyIgnwgVnrYmK~aeFÃIkartsßUteTAeTot!

äfakaresµaH¨tg'enaH xÆ¬MrwtEtGrNas' e¨JH¨kumeyIg¨tèvkarnUvcit¶EbbenH! eyIgGt'XÂanman

¨ky"agNadUcem¶c dUc@ K~a! elakfyeTAenAnwgK~IK~axÆ¬McuH!

dab-QYn bnæn'xÂçnsMBHxÆ¬MswgVk'x~gfyeTAv^j.

bu"En¶GnaKt dab-QYn VneFÃIy"agNacMeJHxÆ¬Mv^jenaH Gs'elaknwgVneXIj Vn

¨CabenAeBle¨kay. KWGMeBIrbs'Kat'enaHehIy EdlxÆ¬McgcSGs'mYyCév^t ehIyEdlEtgf©èr

rhwuHfa : enHehIycritExµrùùù.

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1)- kUn¨busenaH sBÃ«f©enA¨beTs²Nëa .

14

GMeBI«¨B«p§«nBYk²s§r:

xÆ¬M¨tèvEtniyayedayBitnUvkarEdlxÂçnxÆ¬MVneXIjVnd·g k~¬g¨KaEdlxÆ¬MsÄitenACamYy

BYk²s§r: EdlxÆ¬MpÍ¬gep¶émbegûét ehIyEbrCa²tsN¶ab'F~ab' Kµanreboberobry e¨JHEtBYkenaH

cg'FM B¨gékGanuPaBvaykMBs'esµIes¶c¨taj'm~ak'@. edayBiteTA BYkenH edaycg'temûIgxÂçn

xÂSgeBk KW¨tèvEtePÂcsIlFmámnus§FmáGs'BIxÂçn EbrCa¨sLaj'karkab'smÂab'sIusac'hut

QamK~aeday«¨B«p§eTAv^j.

BIrbIerOgteTAenHKWCaÓTahrN_cºas' bgúajnUvPaB«¨B«p§nigGmnus§Fmá«nBYkenH Ð

karsmÂab'KijVrSgm~ak'eQµaH bußn can'

karesuIbrkKijVrSg Vncat'eLIg. cMNat'enHVnhuclTìplxÂHEdr nS[KijVrSg

xÂacrGaCaxÂSg. KijVrSgEdl¨tèvcab'Vn bnæab'BIVnvayeFÃITaruNkmµehIy EtgykeTA

Vj'ecalÉsmÂab'edayd÷bg.

k~¬gbN¶aKijVrSgEdlBYk²s§r:cab'VnehIyykmksmÂab'enaH xÆ¬MVnsegûteXIj

KijVrSgm~ak'CatiExµreQµaH bßun can' mansµartIrwg²ttk'sÂ¬tnwgesck¶IsÂab'esaH. eKcab'

Ps¶¬tagVn sðal'xÂçnvafaCaKijcºas'ehIyeKykmkvaysYrcemÂIy vaenAEteqÂéyfaBuMd·g fa

BuMEmnCaKijnrNaTSgGs' vaeqÂIyenaHEbb¨Begéy. eKKMramsYrfa: ägeqÂIy[¨tg'mk ebIenA

15

rwg¨bEkkeToteyIgnwgVj'smÂab'! vaenAeqÂIyEbb¨Begéyfa: smÂab' @ eTA! xÆ¬Mmind·gGÃITSg

Gs', xÆM¬minEmnCaKijnrNaTSgGs'! bu"En¶ebIGs'elaksðal'cºas'faKijVrSg enAk~¬gkN¶ab'

«delakehIy elaksmÂab'eTA! EtluHeKykeTA[QrenACtreN¶A ehIy[vaPavnaFmá eTIb

vadUcCaPÆak'xÂçn nwkP&ybn¶icniyayfa: xÆ¬MKµand·gGÃITSgGs'! yIem"cykxÆ¬MmksmÂab'? KWfavaman

cit¶kÂahanmansµartIrwgNas' Tal'EteXIjreN¶AsMrab'kb'vaEtm¶geTIbvaP&y. eBlenaHBYk

²s§r:CaeBCÎXatd÷bg(1) sMBgPUs@ kJÍwgk G~keTasvadYlcuH¨bkac'dac'x´l' eTIb¨can

TmÂak'eTAk~¬greN¶A.

karsmÂab'eQµaH bußn can' enH CaGMeBIkacsahavmF´meT BIe¨JHeBCÎXat¨bjab'

bMVt'Cév^tG~keTas[puteTAPÂam@ minevTnaEP~keBk. enAmankarsmÂab'G~keTasEbbep§gBI

enH EdlemIleTAKYr[evTnarkJkńiyayminVn ehIyEdlnS[xÆ¬MminsbºayEtgEtedér

ecj eBlNaBYkem@ äeTotcat'[eFÃIEbbenaHEdleK[eQµaHfa karsmÂab'Ebb¨sEgeBn.

sUm¨Cabfa xÆ¬MKWem²s§r:Emn EtVnbMEbknaTIxagKij xagcab'cg xagsYrcemÂIy nig

smÂab'enHeTA[eKep§g eKmannaTI¨Kb'¨Kan' äxÆ¬M cMeJHerOgenHKW¨Kan'CaTI¨bwk§aeKbu"eNöaH.

dUec~aH eTIbxÆ¬MBMuGacGarkat'erOgNamYy[eKyl'¨BmtamVneLIy.

karsmÂab'Ebb¨sEgeBn

xÆ¬MsUmC¨mabfa: karsmÂab'Ebb¨sEgeBn CakarsmÂab'mYyevTnaEP~kNas' G~kEdl

¨tèveKsmÂab'enaH b"pã¶tb"p¶k'CaTIbMputmunnwgsÂab'. KWmund÷bUg BYk²s§r:ykmnus§EdlCaKij

carbursenaHmkvayd÷¨cMFak'Gs'cit¶ rYccgsÂabesknSykeTA[Ggð¬ylutCgðg'Tl'muxreN¶A

Edls¨mab'kb'exµacG~keTasenaH. äBYk²s§r:nSK~avatvg'[FMCu÷v^jG~keTasenaH. PÂamenaH

eBCÎXatm~ak'kan'davss©ac sæ¬HcUlmkkN¶alvg' tSgrSErkBt'EBn beJÍjTwkmux¨keLb

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QamenAkenaH ykmk¨Bçsmuxdavlan' Ept@! dUceK¨BçsTwkmat'sÂa ùùù emIleTAsemºIm

Nas'. äG~keTasenaHmuxexµAEb" eFÃIEP~kPÂwH@ ragkayj&rrnìt'edayQWcab'nigedayPitP&y

s¶ayCév^t. eBCÎXatVnGarkbWtQamykmkes¶aHe¨JH rSErkGs'kºac'eTIbcak'kG~keTas

Cabegúéy, K~adYleTA k*¨canTmÂak'eTAk~¬greN¶Aùùù

eBleFÃIBiFIenHm¶g@ xÆ¬Mmincg'ecjeTAemIleT BIe¨JHlMVkemIlNas' ehIyxÆ¬MC÷Tas'

min[eFÃIBiFI«¨B«p§enHCae¨cInelIk EtBYkem@ äeToteKmin¨Bm eKfa¨tèvEteFÃIdUec~H edémºIpÍaj'

pÍals¨tèv. xÆ¬Mminyl'esaH e¨JHfaK~a¨tèvsÂab'eTAehIy, sÂab'Kg'EtsÂab'eT, em"cminsmÂab'

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1)- d÷bgeFÃIBIeQI¨Kjèg¨bEvgCag 1 Em"¨tbu"nk«dmnus§cas' kaleNaHeKsM«c¨Kab'kSePÂIg.

16

Etm¶geTA?

¨tg'enaHehIyxÆ¬MVnkt'sMKal'fa critBYkExµr²s§r:enaH«¨B«p§Nas' stÃFatuminesµI

eT!! ehIye¨JHEtcritBYkeKEbbenHehIy eTIbxÆ¬MdUcCarsay«deCégm¶g@ swgEtfyxÂçnecjBI

¨kumenHeTAv^jpg.

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BicarNaEvgq©ayesaH smÂab'mnus§sÂèt¨tg'Kµan¨bNI. xÆ¬MsUmelIkykerOgmYymkC¨mab:

GMBIkarsmÂab'Cagkat'sk'm~ak'

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mat'síatVt rksIueFÃICagkat'sk'enACab'nwgrbgpæHVMgVrSg enAkN¶al¨kugVt'd÷bg. tam

kMNt'ehturbs'G~kesIubkarN_[d·gfa CagenHägCaKijrbs'VrSgEtgEtlbqÂgeTA[kar

N_VrSgenApæHXÂSgFnaKar (Banque) rbs'VrSgEdlmanVrSgenAenaH. ¨kumxÆ¬MEdlCaG~kkan'

karxagelI k*cat'[eKsaksYrbursenaHtamd÷eNIr. enAk~¬g«¨Bs©at'mYy BYkG~k«ddl'¨b-

EhlCa¨VMnak' EdlmankSePÂIgnigd÷bgk*cab'ep¶émvayG~kenaHäg nwgsÃaykSePÂIgnigd÷bgmYy

PUsm~ak' ehIysYrfa:

- ägCaKijVrSgEmneT?

bursenaHQWcab'j&rTe¨TIkeqÂIyrh&sfa:

- VTeT xÆ¬MVTBuMEmnCaKijeTTan!

eKcab'vayG~kenaHehIysYreTot:

- ägqÂgeTAeLIgpæHVrSgenaHe¨cIndgehIyEmneT?

- VTTan xÆ¬MVTsUmC¨mabtam¨tg' xÆ¬MVTFÂab'eTApæHenaHe¨cIndgEmn bu"En¶xÆ¬MVTKµan

d·gGIeT!

- niyay[¨tg'mk ägeTACYbVrSgbu"nµannak'? ¨Vb'vafaem"cxÂH? ebIägniyaysar

PaB GjnwgTukCév^t[ ebImindUec~aHeT GjnwgVj'ägsmÂab'²Lèv!

eJldUec~aH G~keBCÎXadeyIgtSgTajkSePÂIgbJÍèl¨Kab'lan'¨kak@ cgí¬lcugmat'

E¨teTArkbursenaHEdlmanTwkmuxeLIgsÃay manGakar:jab'j&rdUckUnstÃ. bursenaHelIk

«dsMBH.

- VTelakmÍas', sUmelakmÍas'TukCév^txÆ¬M! xÆ¬MVTsuMC¨mabtam¨tg', xÆ¬MVTqÂgrbg

eTApæHenaHral'yb'enaH KWxÆ¬MVTeTAelgeboCamYynwgmit¶Pk¶i EdlykkEnÂgenaHCa

kEnÂgelg, xÆ¬MVTKµanVnykkarN_eTA[VrSgeT xÆ¬MVTsUmsºfCUn!

17

eJlminTan'cb'pg eBCÎXateyIgk*vayG~kenaHmYysÃaykSePÂIgmSug! E¨skGUy!

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Lb' rYcKMhksYreTot:

- GaägenArwgdl'NaeTot? em"cminniyay[¨tg'? GaägnSkarN_eTA¨Vb'VrSgfa

em"cxÂH?

bursenaHmanQamrwm@ ecjBImat'nigf©as xM¨tdre¨kakGgð¬yelIk«dsMBHeTAeBCÎ-

Xat¨BmTSg¨tdrniyay:

- xÆ¬MVTsºfCUnùùù xÆ¬MVTBitCaKµand·gGÃIesaH xÆ¬MVTCaCagkat'sk'rksIukat'sk'ral'

«f© xÆ¬MVTKµanTak'TgGInwgVrSgesaHeLIyTane¨Vs sUmemt¶akuMeFÃIVbxÆ¬MVTGI!

kayv^karnigTwkmuxG~keTasenH eFÃI[xÆ¬MEdlCaG~kcSkat'esck¶ICamYynwgem@ 6 nak'

eTotenaH sµanyl'faK~aenaHCamnus§sucriteT BuMEmnCaKijVrSgeT. tamxÆ¬M xÆ¬Mcg'EtXat'BYk

GaeBCÎXatfa[Qb'sYreToteTA bu"En¶xÆ¬MBuMTan'hßanXat'eT xÂacem@ äeToteKBuM¨sbnwgxÆ¬M.

cemÂIyGgÃrrbs'G~keTasenaH BMuVneFÃI[eBCÎXatTTYlTn'tameLIy. eKk*tSgTat'

eJHG~keTasenaHmYyPÂwby"agF©n' K~acukrmYlyk«dek¶abeJH dYlnenoleTAeTot. karenHKYr

EtQb'mYynaTI bu"En¶eBCÎXateyIgrwtEtbeJÍjPaBsahavxÂSgeLIg eKsæ¬HmkTat'eTot G~k

eTasremol¨tLb'pûab'p©ar eTAmÅagm~ak' m~ak'Tat'bJØèneTAm~ak'eTot bursenHremolcuHeLIg rYc

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ehIyxÆ¬MQrenAes©¿m smÂwgeTAmnus§EdlenAEkºreCégenaH²tecjs¶I. mnus§enaHägEdldUc

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edaykmÂSgex§ayfa:

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VrSgesaH sMukuMsmÂab'xÆ¬MGI!

xÆ¬MenAEtes©¿m Kµan¨btikmµ G~keTask*niyayeTotfa:

- ¨BHetCKuNùùù ebI¨BHetCKuNsmÂab'xÆ¬MVT k*dUcCasmÂab'mnus§BIrnak'eTotEdr KW

xÆ¬MVTmanm¶aycas'm~ak' nigbíèn¨sImYyEdl¨tèvxÆ¬MrksIuciJÍwmral'«f©. ebIGt'BIxÆ¬MenaH

G~kTSgBIrk*nwgevTnaehIy sUmelakmÍas'GaNitCév^tstÃpgTan!

xÆ¬Ms¶ab'sMdéenH k*ekItBicarNaGaNit EtxÆ¬MBuMtbfaGÃIeT xÆ¬MedérecjBIvg'enaHmkGgð¬yenA

mYykEnÂg nrNaeFÃIGIG~keTasenaHeFÃIcuH. EtBYkem@ nigBYkXatkrk*Gt'maneFÃIGÃIEdr eKedérmk

rkxÆ¬MTSgGs'K~a k~¬gTMngcg'Bie¨KaH. emm~ak'sYrxÆ¬Mfa:

- GaKijenHvaFÂab'sðal'bgmu"lägÉ? vaCa¨KçsarbgägÉ? VnCabgägmin¨BmeFÃI

Vbva?

18

- vaminFÂab'sðal'xÆ¬MeT vaminEmnCasac'jatixÆ¬MeT bu"En¶vaCaExµrm~ak' EdlBYkeyIgrab'

faCasac'QameyIgEdr!

GaeBCÎXatniyaykat'xÆ¬MeLIg:

- vaCaExµrEmn EtExµrEqûVrSg vaeFÃIKijVrSg vaCamnus§kºt'!

xÆ¬MtbeTAv^j edaysemÂg¨sal:

- KµanPs¶¬tagäNa¨Kb'¨Kan'faK~aenaHCaKijeT! ebIrkPs¶¬tageXIj¨Kb'¨Kan'enaH kuM

faeLIyEtbursenaH TSgK~aeyIgenHk*eday [Ethßankºt' xÆ¬MhßaneFÃITaruNkmµy"ag

xÂSgelIsenHeTAeTot.

emm~ak'sYrkat'eLIg:

- GuIcuHkMNt'ehtuG~kesIubkarN_ EdleK[mkenaH TukCaGÃIeTAv^j?

- enaHminEmnCaPs¶¬tag¨Kb'¨Kan'eT xÆ¬MminykCaVnkarTSgGs'eT ¨tèvesIubsYr[

dl'kEnÂgeTAeTot!

- eFÃIdUcbgmu"läg yWtkarN_Nas'.

- GIucwgehIy e¨JHeyIg¨tèvrk§ayuti¶Fmápg!

xÆ¬MtbdUec~H ehIyegébedérecj. emm~ak'sYrxÆ¬MbJØak'edayminsbºaycit¶:

- GIucwgbgmu"lägyl'faGaenaHCamnus§líÉ?

- xÆ¬MminfaeT EtxÆ¬Mfa¨tèvGegûtteTAeTot!

- ebIGIucwg tambgmu"läg bgmu"lägminsmÂab'GaenHeTÉ?

- h~wgehIytamxÆ¬M xÆ¬Mmin[smÂab'mnus§enHeT!

- cMENkBYkeyIg BYkeyIgse¨mcfa¨tèvEtsmÂab'!

- eFÃIGIeFÃIeTA xÆ¬Mmind·geT!

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emenaHbgíg'bn¶ic gakeTArkK~IK~a rYcniyaycºas'@ fa:

- eGI²LèvenH kneyIgQb'eFÃIVbG~keTasenaHeToteTA elIkva[eTA¨sukv^jeTA!

e¨JHrkPs¶¬tagKµan!

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- eTA, ecjeTA eK[rYcxÂçnehIy edér[¨tg'eTA kuMgake¨kay!

K~axMedérTSgC÷han¨Tm@ ecjBIenaHVn¨bEhlCa 10 Em"¨t ¨sab'Et pSg!! GUy! G~k

enaHdYl¨swub eday¨Kab'<rWmIgtug>eTATmÂ¬HsµaEbkQamrEhg. TMngCayl'fa eKVj'[xÂçn

ecj[qab'@ k*mind·g G~kenaHxM¨tdrE¨sk¨KlYcfa: VnehIyTan, VnehIykuMEfmeTot!

ehIy¨tdregébeLIgeTot bu"En¶ pSg!! mYy¨Kab'eTot¨KwbeTAeTotegébElgrYc eday¨tèv¨tg'

kºald÷NMNas'. bursenaHs©at'mat'¨twmeNaH EdlxÆ¬MnwkfaK~adac'x´l'eTAehIy. bu"En¶

BYkeBCÎXatVneTAemIlehIyE¨skfa:

19

- yI! GaenHFÂaykºalbu"NöwgehIy enArs'eToth~±!

eKnSK~aGUsG~keTasenaHmkv^j! GsÍarŃas' G~keTasenaHFÂaysµaFÂaykºal Et

enAminTan'sÂab' enAEtxMebIkEP~k ehIy«djjIjj&rsMBHmkG~kral'K~a. eKral'K~adUcCaFmµta

bu"En¶xÆ¬Mm~ak'KWb"HTgð^ck~¬gcit¶y"agxÂSg. xÆ¬MemIlmuxxÂçn¨VNbursenaH Edl¨kaldN¶b'labln

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BuMVnenaH KWJk´sm¶Icuge¨kayrbs'mnus§enaH EdlniyayTSgdkcgûaman'mkkan'BYkxÆÆ¬Mfa:

- elakmÍas'ùùù ebIelakmÍas'Gs'GaNit Gs'ykGgÃrxÆ¬MVTehIy k*snµt'Cakmµ

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rbs'bursenaHCab'nwg¨tecok.

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X~g ehIysmÂab'K~ay"ag«¨B«p§.

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Ebbh~wgeT.

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bß^HEtnwgrebHCév^tVt'ehIy edaysarEtkarecaT¨bkan'rbs'em@. erOgenaHKWfa elakcnærg§I

20

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Vj'Gatµav^jcuH!

ehIyelakenaHnimn¶eTAQrenAcMkN¶alTI¨bkbBiFI.

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TajkSePÂIg<karbßén>mYyedémt¨mg'eTArkGasn:. cuc«kkÂwk! Qwg! minecj¨Kab'; xÆ¬Mnwkfa

21

«Gya"! xÂSgBUEkEmneTd·g? bu"En¶ xÆ¬Mrlak'¨Kab'enaHecj dak'¨Kab'fµécuc«kkÂwk! pSg! huyEp§g

¨Telam! xÆ¬Mlan'mat'fa: En± eXIjeT? min¨sçleT kuMlelgp¶as[esaH, ¨Kab'munsí¬y

¨Kab'e¨kaylíVj'ecj, suMkuMGalfaVj'minecjenaH!

bu"En¶elak¨KèenaH ¨bEhlCaxµas'xÆ¬Mem"cmind·g Ék*eCOmn¶GaKmelakesµaHeTAehIyk*

mind·g elakE¨sk¨Vb'eTATahan²s§r:fa: ÇEn±Gs'elakkuMeTAlGInwgTIGasn:rbs'²t

v^JïaNenaH, [lmnus§v^jeTIbd·g¨Vkd Gs'elakVj'mkGatµacuH! ebI¨Kab'ecjmk¨tèv

sÂab'Gatµa k*sÂab'eTAcuH!

xÆ¬Mk*VnXat'elakv^jfa: ÇsUm¨BHetCKuNkuM[eKlelg@ enaH rbs's&ki¶siTìieKEtg

EtminleT, xÆ¬MkruNayl'faKYrkuMsaklºgeFÃIGI! tamBit¨tèvEtBn´l'kUnTahan[ecHlut

¨kabtamrebobyuTìsaås¶bcÍ¬bºn~eTIb¨tèv BIe¨JHsm&y²LèvenH ¨Kab'kSePÂIgxusBIsm&ydUn

taeyIgq©ayNas' ¨Kab'kSePÂIgBIedém¨ckBImat'E¨t eyIgykePÂIgdut Ék*dutBIKl'eTAeTIbpæ¬H

sæ¬HeTAmux, ä²Lèv ¨Kab'ecjmYyv^naTIrab'minGs', Fanaem¶cnwgekIt? [kUnTahanrgem¶cVn?

elaksgôenaHeFÃImin¾ ehIyEbrCaniyaynwgTahan²s§r:fa, ÇGs'elak vas'BI

kEnÂgGatµaQrenHeTAcMnYn 7 kSePÂIgrYcVj'mkcuH!È

BImuxkEnÂgbYgsYgenaHmanE¨KtUcmYy elaksgôenaHKg'elIE¨KenAEkºrenaH sU¨tPav-

na rYcE¨skfa [Vj'mkcuH!

Tahanm~ak'EdlkMBugcg'lºg k*tSgykkSePÂIgeTAvas'BIkEnÂgelakQr fymk¨Kb'

cMnYn 7 kSePÂIg k*tSgt¨mg'kSePÂIgeTAelaksgôenaH elaksgôenaHenAeFÃI¨Begéy ¨sab'Et

pSg! dYl¨Kwb! elakmaneTAs&k¶isiTìäNa elakdkcgûaman'BIrbIg·uk k*putx´l'lµmùùù TSg

Gs'K~aP&ybHsk' Elg¨bkbBiFI¨twmenaH nSK~aEsgexµacelakenaH ykeTAkb'ecalbMVt'dan

xÂacesomd·g vaecaTägfaykelaksgômkVj'elg ÉdUec~H dUec~aH. xÆ¬Mniyayfa: Çem"c,

eXIjeT? C÷enOecalem§¿t! eronlut¨kablUntamBiFIcºSgminKiteT mkrvl'nwgerOgGUmGam

QrVj' ²Lèvem"ceTA? ral'K~aes©¿m.

bu"En‘enAEtdEdl erOgmn¶GaKmGUmGamenaH. dUcCaelakem²s§r:m~ak' Kat'erIsVnGM-

Ebg«dEkvburaNmYy EdlEbkecjBItYEkv Kat'¨bkan'faCaKC'BiessNas' xMykmke¨sab

mas Jk'enAk. xÆ¬M¨Vb'Kat'fa: BuMEmnKC'eT, KWCabMENk«dEkvburaNeT, Kat'enAEtfa: eT, KC'

¨VkdNas', Kat'erIsVnmk edaysareTvtabgúajKat'[eXIj! tamBitKWCabMENk«dEkv

esaH KYr[esIc!

sUmC¨mabfa VnCaxÆ¬Msðal'faCa«dEkvburaN tºitpæHxÆ¬MFÂab'manEkvFunenaHEdr.

eXIjeT, C÷enOGkusl, KµanBicarNa minsðal'KC'enaHy"agem"c, Ekvy"agem"c ¾EteK

¨Vb'ragerA tSgeCOPÂam ykmktMekIgPÂam. G~kEdleKd·g eKlbesIcmaneTAticGI.

¨tg'eNH xÆ¬Myl'fa KMnitBYkeyIgenHenATabNas', enAl©g'Nas' esæIrEtfarkelx

dak'BuMVn. xÆ¬M, xÆ¬MeCOEdr KWeCO¨BHBuTì ¨BHFmá ¨BHsgô nigkmµpl kusl Gkusl eFÃIlíVnlí

eFÃIGa¨kk'VnGa¨kk'. äfaeTAeCOelImn¶GaKm Ex§cegûHx~aytan' KC' kuy Eckac' nagBYnsíI@

22

enaH mineCOeT. GMeBIlí kuslplbuNéT EdlnS[xÆ¬MVnrYcBIsÂab'rYcBIe¨KaHf~ak' BuMEmn

mkBIe¨KOge¨KAmn¶GaKmGUmGamenaHeT.

x enH sUmGs'elakG~kFM G~ktUcEdlmanC÷enOy"agNa@ enaH emt¶aGP&yeTas[

pg ebIyl'faeyabl'xÆ¬MenHmin¨sbnwgGs'elak.

R

R R

23

karvay¨bhar¨kugesomrab

enAeBlEdl¨kumExµr²s§r:ecHEtTTUce¨cIndgeBk ehIyEdleyIgmanGavuFlµm

ehIy xÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l k*ebIksm&y¨bCu÷Bie¨KaHnwgGs'elakem@ äeTotfa etIeyIgcUrGnuJïat

[K~aeyIgeTAvayVrSgÉeT? ehIyebIfaGnuJïat etIeyIgeTAvaykEnÂgNaCamun?

e¨kayEdlVnBiPak§aK~ad*yUrmk Ggð¨bC÷uk*se¨mcfa¨tèvGnuJïat[eTAvayext‘

esomrab ehIymunnwgcUlvay¨kugesomrab ¨tèvvaysala¨sukBYk[VnCamunsin ykpÂèv

eTA¨kugesomrab.

e¨kayesck¶IsMercenH G~kemcat'k*beN¶aHkUnT&B[eFÃId÷eNIrtampÂèv«¨BxÂH tampÂèvrf-

yn¶xÂH eTAkan'¨suksirIesaP&N EdlkalenaH«f¨tçt¨taCarbs'«f ehA¨sukenaHfa sIusupun

ehIyEdlraCkar«fVnelIk¨sukenaHCaext‘ [eQµaHfa ext¶BibUßnsug¨kam (Bibulsågðam)

pg.

karecjd÷eNIrenaH minticmintYc edérCt 5 «f©eTIbVndl'TIedACYbCu÷K~a. CYbCu÷K~aehIy

elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU tSgbJØa[Qb'enAk~¬gmNël«nsirIesaP&N q©ayBI

¨suk¨kLaj'¨bEhlCa 5 Kùm sõanenaHCa¨BM¨bTl'Exµrnwgesomsm&yenaH.

VnQb'enA¨tg'PUmivarin elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU tSgykEpnTImkBinit´

[vaysala¨sukBYk nigTI¨kugesomrab. mYy¨kum[cSvaysalaBYk mYy¨kumeTotmanK~a

¨bEhl 200 nak' [eTAkan'¨kugesomrab.

24

¨kumExµr²s§r: minVnGt'KMniteT eKcat'K~IK~a[eTAesIubcMnYnTahanVrSgenA¨kugesom

rab d·geTotfamanVrSgenA¨kugesomrab¨bEhl 25 nak'CanayTahan edkenAnwgsN½aKar

ext¶.

elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU Vn[bJØaeTAG~kEdl¨tèveTAkan'¨kugesomrab

[eFÃId÷eNIreTAtampÂèvVrayN_ ehIy[EckK~aCa 5 ¨kumsMrab'vaydUceTAenH Ð

- ¨kumTI 1 [vaysN½aKarext¶ (EdlmanVrSg)

- ¨kumTI 2 [vaybnæayTahaneCégexµA

- ¨kumTI 3 [vaybu"s¶iEx§lYsp¶ac'karTak'Tg

- ¨kumTI 4 [vayBnìnaKarrMedaHG~keTas

- ¨kumTI 5 [vaypæHKijt¨mçtext¶nigpæHKy

¨kumTSgenH ¨tèvcab'vaymYy¨Bwbk~¬geBlyb'[¨BmK~aEtm¶g kuM[mYymunmYye¨kay

nSex§aykmÂSg. edémºIecosvagkuM[e¨KaHf~ak' t¨mèv[kUnBlTSgGs'kuMVj'elgep¶sp¶as

²tsN¶ab'F~ab'. ehobnwgcUlvayenaHeTot k*kuM[Vj'V"tNaV"tNI [s¶ab'bJØaem¨kumTI

1 ebIem¨kumTI1 Vj' swmVj'¨BmK~acUllukEtm¶geTA.

Vncat'TSg 5 ¨kume¨scehIy bJØak'ehIybJØak'eTotfaelIkenHCad÷bUgehIy

eyIg[manreboberobryehIynwgmanesck¶IkÂahan eTIbGacnwgmanC&yC÷nH. TSgGs'K~a

suTìEtTTYlVT@ eKarBTSgGs' e¨JHsuTìEtcg'ykeCaKC&y ykeQµaHlºIerogxÂçn. bnæab'BI

VnTTYlbJØacºas'las' BYkEdlmanebskmµvayesomrabenaH k*eFÃId÷eNIrmktampÂèvV-

rayN_. enAeBlyb' TSgGs'K~albcUlmkkan'¨kugesomrab ehIybMEbkK~aCa¨kumcS¨bti-

bt¶ikartamcMNat'rbs'nayecAhÃayEdlVn[mkehIyenaH. bnæab'BIbJØabMEbkehIy ¨kum

TImYyVncUltampÂèvGgðrvt¶sn§wm@ eTArksN½aKarext¶.

eBlenaHem"agBIrGa¨Fa¨t«n«f©TI 7 ExsIha 1946 TSgGs'K~albbn¶icm¶g@ cUleTA

kan'sN½aKarext¶ enA¨bmaNCaBIrKILèEm"¨tnwgdl' k*¾sUrsnìwkreTHGeN¶Ik (Auto-blindé)

ke¨kIkdéecjmkBI¨kug KWBYkTahanyamtºatrk§a¨kug. reTHGeN¶Ikecjmkdl'eFÂa eBlenaH

elakem¨kumTImYyVnbJØa[kneyIg¨kabcuH hammin[Vj'dac'xat. bu"En¶man²s§r:m~ak'

eQµaH Em"n ¨bEhlCaP~ak'garsm©at'rbs'VrSgk*mind·g e¨JHeyIgeFÃs¨bEhsminsegût[

Cak'lak' Kat'mans¶ab'äNa reTHGeNI¶kmkCtk*Vj'¨VveTAEtm¶g dUcCa[sJïaeTAreTH

GeNI¶kenaH. reTHGeN¶IkenaHVj'e¨sacmkv^jPÂam rYc¨tLb'cUlbnæayv^j ¨bkasPaBGa-

sn~mYyrMeBc.

äcMENkTSgbYn¨kumeTotedayVnsJïa¨byuTìehIy k*VnvaylukeTA¨Kb'TIedA

K¨KwkKe¨Kg. BYkTahanenArk§a¨kugTSgbu"nµan vegÃg¨cçl¨cbl'rcl'CaxÂSg. rIä¨kumTImYy

Edl¨Cul«dVj'nS[reTHGeN¶Ikd·gxÂçnehIyebIkcUleTA¨kugv^jenaH k*tSgrt'tamLanenaH

eTAeTotrhUtdl'sN½aKarext¶. enHkuMEtmanesck¶IkÂahan kuMGIBuMGaccUlmkdl'VneT e¨JH

VrSgVnVj'Tb'xÂSgNas' mkBIvad·gxÂçnmun. ehIyenHebIkuMEtmanemekay¨Kan'ebI kuMGIk*

25

rtat'rtaye¨sceTAehIy. BYk¨kumTImYyenHVncUlCtdl'sN½aKar k*tSgVj'sMedAeTArk

bnæb'VrSg. cMENkVrSgnayTahanVrSgmantSgBIsk¶iBIreTAdl'sk¶i¨VM VnVj'mkv^j

y"agxÂSgkÂa. enAmat'CeN¶Ir VrSgVnTajtuTUXSgpÂèvmin[eyIgcUlVn. nay¨kumeyIg

E¨skbJØa[cUl EtcUlmincuH ¨Kan'EtVnKb'¨Kab'EbkeTAe¨Jg¨Jt eFÃI[VrSgTIenaHdYlcuH

xÂHbu"eNöaH e¨kABIenaHvaVj'Tb'eyIgCab'.

sUmGs'elakG~kBicarNacuHfa Exµr²s§r:eBlenaHecjedérBI¨kLaj'tSgBI¨Blb'

mkdl'¨kugesomrabem"ag 2 eTAehIy etIGs'kmÂSgbu"Nöa. Edlmkdl'ehIycab'eFÃIkarvay

lukPÂamenH KWeFÃIedaycit¶cg'qab'Etm¶gKµanKitmuxe¨kayGÃIeT. enHehIyCacritrbs'eyIgmYy

EbbEdr EdleFÃIkarGÃIminsUvsæg'kmÂSgGatµaägesaH.

äcMENkkEnÂgTSgbYneTot Edlman¨kumTSg 4 CaG~k¨btibti¶karenaH swgmaneCaK

C&ydUc¨Vf~a KWeyIgvaybnæayeCégexµAVn VnkSePÂIg 40 edém enAKukk*vayFÂay enAkEnÂgBIr

eTotk*FÂay srubeTAVnGavuFCt 100 edém. GavuFTSgenaH nSK~am~Im~aelIkdak'elILan ¨bug

nSecjeTAtampÂèvGgðrvt¶. EtKYr[esIceTAcuH eBlEdldak'GavuFelILanehIy tSge¨bIK~aäg

[ebIkLan, KµannrNam~ak'ecHesaH tSgnSK~aerIykGavuFenaHBILanmkv^jkan'm~ak'mYy@ eTA

v^j sl'bu"nµanTukelILandEdl. KiteTAcMNayeBlGt'¨beyaCn_ e¨JHEtminVnsaksYr

K~a[d·gmun. NamYyxÂacVrSgmksågðb'v^jpg maneTA¨sçlGI mkcMNayeBlelIkdak'

dUec~H.

äcMENk¨kumTI1 EdlminGacTmÂaysN½aKarVn mkBIm´"agVrSgenABIelI m´"ageTot

eyIgePÂccab'PÂwkBIerOgsUrs&Bæ EdlecjBIxÂçneyIgnS[VrSgd·gVn ehIyVj't¨mg'mk.

eBlenaHyb'gg·tEmnehIy Etdl'VrSgva¾sUrEr"ker"akrbs'EdleyIgsõay vad·gvaVj'

¨VvmkEtm¶g eFÃI[eyIgruleTAmuxBuMrYcesaH. sUrEr"ker"akenaH KWsUrsÂab¨Jnigq~SgEdleyIg

sõayenaHTgð^cK~a. edérFmµta ²tTgð^cK~a¾sUrGÃIeT luHmkdl'rt' k*Tgð^cK~aer"akr"ak@ Etm¶g.

eyIgrt'eTANak*¾sUr dUcCasJïa[VrSgd·gEtm¶g dUec~HeTaHbIVj'eyIgmin¨tèvk¶I k*

Vj'e¨sacmkEdr bß^HxÂçn. ehtuenHeTIbeyIgcUlBuMVn.

karenHCabTeronmYyEdr famunnwgeFÃIGÃI@ ¨tèvEtKit[Vnlíitlín'swmeFÃI. cMENk¨kum

TI 5 EdlVneTAvaypæHKijnigpæHKyenaH VncUleTAVj'emKyCatiVrSgm~ak'sÂab'enATIenaH

Etm¶g emKyCatiVrSgman¨bBnìCatilav.

eBlenaHem"ag 6 ¨Bwklµm BYk²s§r:eyIgxÂHkMBuge¨tg¨tagedérerIskSePÂIgEdlTahan

VrSgTukecal ¨sab'Et¨keLkeTAPUmiCay¨kug k*eXIjT&BVrSgkMBugsgÅ¬jcUlmkv^j. eTIb

d·gfa «Gya" BYkGaenHePosxÂçnBIyb' eTAe¨kAbeN¶ay[ägGukL¬kbnæayvacuH vacS¨kesab

ägBIe¨kAmkv^jeTetI! minekIteT! kuMenAe¨tg¨tagdl'NaeTot. em¨kumTSgGs' E¨skbJØa[

fytamkºçnyuTìsaås¶eqõaHeTATisxageCég tampÂèvGgðrvt¶. TSgGs'K~afyeTAKµanbgíg' BYkTa

hanVrSg KWVj'e¨Jg¨Jtmk rYcedjtameyIgrhUtnKrvt¶. TSgGs'K~abMEbkK~abMVt'dan

rYck*tSgeFÃId÷eNIreqõaHeTAkMBg'fûèvEtm¶g.

26

karvay¨kugesomrabenH minsnµtfaeCaKC&yÉbraC&yGÃIeT bu"En¶Ca¨semaltsUßmYy

EdleFÃI[BYkGaNaniKmVrSg P&yEpímmat'mYy¨Kad*FMeTAEdr ehIyvaGacbN¶¬HTwkcit¶Exµrä

eTot[PÆak'rlwkeLIgpg.

Btámane¨kaykarvay¨bhar

manGMeBIKYr[QWcab'mYyEdlKYrnSykmkC¨mab.

BYk²s§r:munnwgdkfyecjBIlan¨byuTìVnnSK~anSG~krbYs¨sal@ mktam äG~k

rbYsF©n'ykmkBuMrYc k*nSK~a¨Kah_ykeTAdak'enAnwgmuxKiland½an¨kug.

edayKiteXIjfa: BYkbuKðlikeBT´Kg'mancit¶FmáCYyBáVlEdr. bu"En¶mandUceyIg

KitäNa? e¨kayEdlVncUlmkkan'kab'¨kugv^j PÂamenaHBYkVrSgVnbJØa[elIk²s§r:

G~krbYsTSgbu"nµandak'elILanTahand·kecjBITI¨kug dl'«¨BehIyk*[Qb' rYcelIkG~krbYs

TSgenaHeVHmkdéVj'ecalmYym¶g@ smÂab'TSgGs'(1). KiteTACaGMeBI«¨B«p§Emn. tamFmµ-

tacºab'skl erOgsågðameKminEdlsmÂab'eQÂIysågðameT ehIyäeNHVrSgsmÂab'Exµr

²s§r:CaeQÂIy EdlKµanGavuFenA«dEfmTSgmanrbYseTotpg.

cMENkenAsala¨sukBYkäeNaH e¨kaykarvay¨bharrbs'BYk²s§r: BYkVrSgk*

cab'BYkbuKðliksik§amanelak sMeGO CaG~kkILaVl'Tat'eCégäkxagcSTIC÷nan'enaHvaysÂab'

nigP~ak'garsala¨sukykeTAcgvaysmÂab'Gs'Cae¨cInK~a edayvaecaTfaBYkTSgenHcUl«d

nwgBYk²s§r: k~¬gkarvay¨bharenH. BIe¨JHkalBIkºall©ac BYkbuKðliksik§anigbuKðliksa

la¨suke¨cInK~a CYbCu÷K~asIuelog. dl'kN¶alGa¨Fa¨t BYk²s§r:k*vay¨VvmkEtm¶g VrSg

vaecaTfaBYkenH[«deTABYk²s§r:(2) tamBitBuMmanesaH bu"En¶VrSgEdlvarkEt{kaseFÃIVb

Exµr k*ecHEtecaTy"agh~wgeTA.

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1) erOgenHd·gedaysarelak s-sug rd½mån¶I¨ksYgksikmµ, kaleNaHelakCakUnsis§salaext¶

esomrab .

(2) d·gerOgenHedaysarelak Nub- quM tMNagraås¶sBÃ«f©, kaleNaHelakCa¨Kèbe¨gonenAext¶esomrab.

27

karbMEbkK~a«nBYk²s§r:

bnæab'BIkardkfyGMBI¨kugesomrab, BYk²s§r:VneFÃId÷eNIrmktampÂèvkMBg'fûèv ehIy

mkQb'enACYrP~MdgErk.

edémºI[Vnrs'¨sYl BYk²s§r:VnbMEbkK~aCabI¨kum. ¨kumTI 1 man dab-QYn Caem,

¨kumTI 2 manelak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU Caem, ¨kumTI 3 maneQµaHEdlxÆ¬MePÂceQµaH

¨kumenHVnmkenAnwgsÃayeck.

cMnYnT&BkaleNaH mYy¨kum@ man 35 É 40 É 50 nak'. meFáVyciJÍwmkgT&B Ca

Par:enAelIem¨kumEdlkaleNaHeKe¨bIkUnecArbs'eK [edér«rGgðasGgûr¨tIsac'Caesº¿g

GMBI¨bCaraås¶. edaytMbn'enaHCatMbn'BMusUvman¨bCaCne¨cIn kar«rGgðas¨bEm¨bmUlesº¿g

s¨mab'ciJÍwmCév^tenaH VnedaytictYcs¶çces¶IgNas'.

cMENkxÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l manmYy¨kumep§g mancMnYnticK~aeT VnhYseTAenAVgkkEt

m¶g CamYymaxÆ¬M bu"k-KuN ehA ¨tLac EdlKat'manpæHmYyeTotenA¨kugVgkk napÂèv¨ckEsg

cnæ tMbn'¨BHx~èg. VnCamaxÆ¬MnigxÆ¬MnSK~aecalVt'd÷bgnigGnÂg'v^l BIe¨JHkaleNaHKWCaeBl

EdlraCkarVrSg-Exµr VnTarykEx¨tVt'd÷bgBIesomVnmkv^jehIy ehIykan'kab'Ex¨t

enH EdleFÃI[BYkxÆ¬MBMuGacsÄitenAekIt.

¨tg'eNH xÆ¬MsUmebIkvg'¨kck C¨mabGs'elakG~kbMVt'karsg§&ybn¶icfa ehtuGÃIVn

CaxÆ¬MBuM¨BmcUlmkrYbrYmnigrd½aPiVlVrSg-Exµrv^j ebIEx¨tVt'd÷bg¨tèvVnmkExµrv^jehIy

enaH? ebIxÆ¬M¨sLaj'Cati kaleXIj¨sukeTsVnTamTarEx¨tBIG~kEkºrxagVnehIy KYrEt

sbºaycit¶ ehIycUlmkrYbrYmnwgrd½aPiVlv^j. enHmindUec~aH EbrCaeVlcUleTA¨sukEdl

28

Cas¨tèvrbs'CatieTAv^jqû¬y! etIxÆ¬Mminsbºaycit¶nwgext¶Vt'd÷bg¨tèvVnmkExµrÉ? ebIminEmn

eT etIxÆ¬MenAEtsíb'VrSgEdlK~axMTamTarVt'd÷bg[Exµrv^jÉ?

¨tg'eNH xÆ¬MsUmC¨mab[cºas'las'dUcteTA:

TI 1- Exµr²s§r: VnciJÍwmcit¶KiteXIjfa ¨beTsExµrTSgmUlBuMTan'VnäkraCénA

eLIyeT ¨tèvEttsUßrMedaH¨sukTSgmUl[putBInwmVrSgEss, äerOgext¶Vt'd÷bgenaH k*Cakmµ

vtÄ¬«nkarTamTarrbs'Exµr²s§r:Edr KWfa Exµr²s§r:tSgcit¶fa nwgTamTarEx¨tenHBIesomEdr

enA«f©NamYy. ²LèvebIraCkarVrSg-ExµrTamTarEx¨tenHVnmkmun k*BYk²s§r:CYyGrEdr

bu"En¶minsUvsbºaycit¶¨tg'EdlfaEx¨tenH vaeTAenAk~¬g«dVrSgdEdl vaBuMenAelI«dExµresaH.

TI 2- erOgpæal'xÂçn, rUbxÆ¬MBuMGaccUl¨sukExµrekIteT tºitxÆ¬MecjBIKukekaH¨tLacenaH min

Tan'dl'q~SecjäNa? xÆ¬MecjBIKukenaH mYyq~Smunsal¨kmse¨mc[ecj. dUec~HxÆ¬MenAC÷Jk'

KukekaH¨tLac 1 q~SeTotäeNaH. G~kdak'KukxÆ¬MKWVrSg G~kedaHxÆ¬MKWCbu"n(1). ²LèvBYkVrSg

cab'TSgelak sWug-gu"kfaj' Caembk§rbs'xÆ¬MeTAehIy ebIxÆ¬McUleTA¨sukv^j etIVrSgva¨bNI

xÆ¬MÉ? ¨VkdNas' vamuxCabJØènxÆ¬M[eTAekaH¨tLacCafµé Ék*y"agNay"agNIeTotminxan.

TI 3- Exµr²s§r: kMBugmanlTìPaB nwgB¨gék²TìiBl BIe¨JHeBlenaHclnatsUßrMedaH

¨sukrbs'yYn k*VnpuspuleLIgEdr EdleyIgehAfa ¨kumeyokmijenAkalenH. ExµrtsUß

ehAExµr²s§r: k*VnmanTMnak'TMngCamYyBYkenaHbn¶ic@ Edr ehIyCaehtunS[mankmÂSgnig

esck¶IsgôwmfaQ~HVrSgeTAGnaKt.

enHCacemÂIyrbs'xÆ¬M edaHcMeJHGafá¨bs~adUcEdlVnecaTmkehIy.

BYkxÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l EdlenA¨kugVgkk manPar:TijGavuFyuTìP&NëmkEck¨kum²s§r:

enAdgErk nigenAsÃayeck. ¨Vk'kasTijenH KWVnmkBIBYk¨kumTSgbIenaH EdleKVn«r

GgðasBIG~k¨sukEdlsµ&¨Kcit¶. ¨kumTSgbIenH CYnkaleKrkpÂèvTijGavuFenHedayxÂçneKEdr

tamext¶Vt'd÷bg nigsurinæ. kSePÂIgkaleNaHmankar"abßén mI«¨teyI nig¨Kab'Ebk. bu"En¶karTij

GavuFeBlenaH Vnedays¶çces¶IgNas' eday«rGgðas¨Vk'kasBuMsUvVn.

cMeJHGavuFEdlTijVn nSykmkEck¨tg'GarJïnigsurinæ edayrfyn¶FMrt'Q~çl

(Edlsµ&¨KCYyd·kTeT²tykQ~çl). äcMENkxagsurinæ d·knSedayrfePÂIgedaylYclak'.

maneBlxÂHdak'k~¬gkarugGgûr, mUrkb'k~¬grmUrkenæl .l. tamreTHePÂIgenHminsUve¨KaHf~ak'eT

bu"En¶cMeJHpÂèvGarJïv^jBiVkNas' edayesom¨by&t~ min[nSkSePÂIgecj.

sUmC¨mabfa KMniteK KWenAEtKMnitmin¨tg'nwgeyIgdEdl BImunfaCYy e¨kaymkeXIj

eyIgEbblUtlas'xagbd^vt¶n_ k*tSg¨by&t~¨bEygcMeJHeyIgeTAv^j. G~krksuIlk'GavuF[

eyIgenaHk*dUec~aHEdr eKesµaHnwgraCkareK Cag¨sLaj'¨Vk'kasrbs'eyIgeTAeTot CYnkal

eKlk'GavuF[eyIgVne¨cInehIy ehIyd·gfaeyIglµmd·kecjenA«f©NaenaH eKx§¬c[

karN_eTAG~kraCkareKe¨sc luHeyIgd·kGavuFecj t¨mçteKk*mkcab'Xat'Ék*qaeqArMxaneyIg

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1) sUmemt¶aemIlerOgKukneyaVy.

29

eday¨bkarep§geTA. enHCaKMniteKedérelIeyIg. eyIgd·g. ehtuenHeTIbeyIgecHEt¨by&t~

ehIye¨bIÓVybEgÃgdan Ék*niyaybgÅ¬seBlevlaEdl¨tèvnSecj¨Vb'eTABYkenaHv^j eTIb

Vn¨sçlk~¬gkarrt'GavuFykmk[K~aägäeNH. má"geToteyIgsuMcºab'TijGavuFBIGaCÆaFrpg

k*Kg'mankarP&yPitk~¬gkard·knSecjEdr. xÆ¬MmanerOgmYyC¨mabfa: «f©mYyevlaem"ag 4 l©ac

¨kumxÆ¬Mman 8 nak' VnTijGavuF¨Kb'FunenAVgkkdak'elIrfyn¶¨bugnSecjmkGarJï. eBl

enaH ¨sab'EteXIjkgGavuFhtÄesom¨bEhl 100 nak' ¨bkbedayGavuF¨Kb'«dsæ¬H¨smk

eLamB&TìLanEdlerobecjenaH. embJØakareKE¨skmkfa: enA[es©¿m! elIk«deLIgelI, kuM

ke¨mIk! Etke¨mIk, Vj'! eBlenaHmaxÆ¬MBuMenApg xÆ¬MP&yy"agxÂSg yIya"gNaeTAGIuecH? xÆ¬Mk*[K~a

xÆ¬MenAes©¿m! e¨kaymk eKbJØa[eyIgerIGavuFyuTìP&NëcuHmkdév^j [eKkt'cMnYn. eqÂ¿teBl

enaH xÆ¬Me¨bIkµçyxÆ¬Mm~ak'[rt'eTAtamma b"uk-KuN edémºImks¨mçlkarN_enH. enAcenÂaHeBlenaH

manExµrm~ak'eQµaH Gacaréhg ecHesome¨CA¨CH eTAniyaykarN_nignayGavuFhtÄesom

bJØak'fa GavuFTSgenH KWraCkar«fGnuJïat[v^jEdrehIy. nayGavuFhtÄenaH d·gdUec~aHrkqa

eqAminekIt k*[K~IK~aeKfyeTAv^j bu"En¶eKTuk[TahanBIrnak'enAyamGavuFenaHsin.

luHEsíkeLIgema"g 11 eTIbmaxÆ¬M bu"k-KuN mk¨Vb'fa: [ykecjeTAcuHeKGnuJïat

ehIy! eTIbeyIgnSK~anSGavuFenaHecjmk. mkdl'GarJïem"ag 4 PÂW. s¨makcS¨Bwk luHem"ag

8 ecjBIGarJïmkeTot tampÂèvsirIesaP&N. em"ag 12 «f©¨tg'eTIbdl'kMBg'fûèv. TSgGs'K~a

Qb's¨makenAvt¶mYyeQµaHvt¶V¨t. KWvt¶enaHehIy CaTI¨bCu÷hat'«n¨kumExµr²s§r:nigCaTI

bJØakar cat'bJØènesº¿gnigGavuFyuTìP&NëeTA[BYkäeTotTSgbI¨kum.

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30

karVk'EbkK~a«nBYk²s§r:

BYk²s§r:¨kumnimYy@ suTìEtmanKMnitcg'lºIeQµaHEtm~ak'äg. BYkem@ suTìEtcg'Vn

FM KµanniymK~aeTAv^jeTAmkeT. ¨kumnimYy@ hak'dUcCaenAdac'edayELkBIK~a KµanTak'TgK~a

esaH. minEtbu"eNöaH edaycg'maneQµaHEtägeBk ¨kumxÂHVnBáyambMVt'¨kumäeTot[

sabsUnéTApg. eQµaHdab-QYnmanC&yC÷nHelIeKk~¬gerOgenH. dab-QYnVnlºgehAem

¨kumäeTot [eTAkan'kEnÂgmYyenAx~gP~MdgErkEdlKat'VnNat'Tuk ehIyEdleKäeTotBuMFÂab'

d·gknÂ¬kkenÂ¿t Kat'Vncat'karsmÂab'em¨kumäeToty"ags©at'. eQµaHelak Ehm-savag

nigelak sarU EdlFÂab'lºIeQµaHeVHsemÂgk~¬gevlaenaH k*¨tèvcaj'kledaydab-QYn

beJÏatnSykmksmÂab'Edr. klenaHdUcem¶c? KWdab-QYneFÃICaesck¶IGeJØIjehA Ehm-

savag nig sarU [mk¨bCu÷C÷nuMkar. Ehm-savag nig sarU Tukcit¶ k*eFÃId÷eNIrmkedaymind·g

xÂçn. dab-QYn[K~aKat'sæak'enAkN¶alpÂèv«¨BCae¨sc. G~kTSgBIrmkdl' k*¨tèveKlbVj'

ecaleTA. bk§BYkkUnecAeQµaH Ehm-savag nig sarU Kµanemekayk*rlayeTA ehIyxÂHEbr

CacUlnwgdab-QYn xÂHeTotEbrCacUlnwg¨kumd«TEdlminTan'rlay.

mkdl'¨twmeNH xÆ¬MEdlCaG~kbegûétnigCaG~kmanKMnitb¨gçbb¨gçmenaH k*Gs'kmÂSg

Gs'smtÄPaB¨twmeNH rYck*tSgEbrCamk¨by&t~Gatµaägv^j xÂacBYkTSgenaHeFÃIÓbXattam

v^FIenHenaH EdlxÆ¬MBuMGacnwgd·gVn. tSgBIVt' Ehm-savag nig sarU mk, dab-QYn Elg

Tak'TgnwgxÆ¬M cg'smÂab'xÆ¬MeTAeTot. xÆ¬Mk*BuMmantUccit¶GÃIcMeJHKat'Edr bu"En¶xÆ¬MmkenAnwks¶aycMeJH

GMeBIeXaeXArbs'Kat' EdlminKYrCanwg¨b¨Bwt¶eTAelI¨kumäeTot nS[rlayGs'enaHesaH.

dab-QYn minnwkeXIjfa dl'GatµaGjsmÂab'mit¶rbs'GatµaGjGs'eTAenaH etInwgnS[Gatµa

GjmankmÂSgxÂSgeLIgVneT? enHehIycritExµr! KitGÃIcg'EtFMminKit[VnEvgq©ay. VnFM

ehIy etId÷eNIrkarteTAVn¨sçleT. kuMtSgcit¶cg'EtFM, kuMtSgcit¶¨kumGjFM xÂçnGjFMeTIb

31

eFÃIkarekItenaH min¨besIreT. ebIecHENnSK~a[rYbrYmK~a kicÍkarGacedéreTAVn¨sçlCaCagEbk

Vk'K~a. enHKWKMnitxÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l.

bu"En¶ dab-QYn CaCne¨skQam CaCncg'FMbu"nes¶c Kat'KµanKitBIGÃIesaHeLIy sUmºI

mit¶smÂaj'Kat' k*Kat'smÂab'ecalEdr. KitemIlelakekA-tk' Caem²s§r:maneQµaHlºIrbs'

elak sWg-gu"kfaj' ¨bmuxclnaExµresrI ehIyCamit¶cit¶mYynwg dab-QYn pg k*¨tèv dab-

QYn cat'kar[Vj'smÂab'ecaleTAEdr (enA«f© 11 kum: 1955 enABYkext¶esomrab).

xÆ¬MsUmrMlwkerOgeQµaH ekA-tk' enHbn¶ic e¨JHeQµaHenHCaG~kbd^vt¶n_tsUß enAk~¬g¨bvti¶

tsUßKYrsresIrm~ak'Edr.

elak ekA-tk' Caem²s§r:ExµresrId*sMxan'enAtMbn'esomrab. Kat'CaG~k¨bqSgnwgBYk

GaNaniKmniymy"aglºIlºaj. enAq~S 1954 k~¬geBlEdlsn~isITh§·ENvt¨mèv[Exµr

¨Kb'nin~akarTSgGs'enAk~¬g«¨BTmÂak'GavuFrYbrYmnwgrd½aPiVl, eBlEdlelak sWg-gu"kfaj'

dak'GavuFEdr tamesck¶Ise¨mcenaH, elak ekA-tk' k*Vndak'GavuFcuH suxcit¶rYbrYmnwgrd½a

PiVl. eBlCamYyenaH eQµaH cnæ-sUr"at Caem²s§r:xÂSgBUEkdUcK~a k*Vndak'GavuFrYbrYmEdr

¨BmTSgGs'elakG~ktsUßenAk~¬g«¨Be¨cInK~aeTot k*VnmkrYbrYmnwgrd½aPiVlEdr.

äelak ekA-tk' eBlEdlKat'mkrYbrYmk~¬gsgðmCativ^jenH KµanGÃInwg¨bkbrbrciJÍwm

Cév^t k*es~IsuMxÍI¨Vk'rbs' dab-QYn CaedémTunxÂH nwg¨bkbrbr e¨JHGagfadab-QYnCamit¶

cit¶mYy. dab-QYnk*p¶Sfa [cUlmkykluycuH Kat'Tuk[enAm¶¬MBYk eTIbKat'cat'K~aCae¨sc

[cScab' ekA-tk'. elak ekA-tk' minVnd·gxÂçnk*mk mkdl'¨bEhl 10 Kùmù nwgdl'¨suk

BYk k*¨sab'Et¨tèvBYkdab-QYnsæ¬HeTA{bmYyrMeBc. yl'facaj'kldab-QYn elak ekA-

tk' k*bMrHelatTat'Fak' xSkekrBYkG~kcgy"ageBjTMhwg. ¨bsinebImanEtkSePÂIgxÂImYyÉman

kSbites~¿t ¨bEhlCaeFÃIGÃIKat'BuMVneT EtKat'KµanykGavuFGÃImkkMdrxÂçnesaH edayGagEtfa

dab-QYnCamit¶ mind·gCamit¶smÂab'mit¶GI k*¨tèvBYktµatrbs'dab-QYnGUsTajKat'ykeTA

Vj'ecaleTA! KYrQWcab'. eBll©aceTIb¨Kçsarrbs'elak ekA-tk' mklbyksaksB

elak ekA-tk' ykeTAbJÍ¬HenAvt¶P~MV¨t kMBg'fûèv. sUmC÷rabfa elak ekA-tk' mankUn¨sIEt

mYyKt' EdlsBÃ«f©enH ¨tèvVnCaPriyaelak hg§-Funhak'.

enHägehIyEdls[eXIjfadab-QYncg'FMEtm~ak'äg Tukmit¶Pk¶i[enAeTIsmuxmat'

xÂacmit¶Pk¶ienaHVnFMpg nS[xÂçnFMEtägminekIt. erOgenHVnBtámancºas'las'fa mkBIxÂac

ekA-tk' Vnyssk¶ixõg'xõs'eTA«f©mux eTIb¨tèvEtsmÂab' ekA-tk' ecal. sm&yenaHnrNa

minlºIeQµaHfa ekA-tk' Camnus§sMxan'?

²LèvxÆ¬MsUm¨tLb'mkniyayerOgxÆ¬MteTAeTotÐ

e¨kaymkeTotedayyl'fa eyIgGt'GMNacnwg¨Kb'¨Kg²s§r:ehIyenaH maxÆ¬MnigxÆ¬Mk*

¨bkassuMlaElgBI¨kum²s§r:eTA. karlaElgenH BYkem²s§r:äeTotenaH eKminmat'eT

e¨JHeKrwg«drwgeCég Gacrs'enAedayxÂçneKVnehIy eKKµankarGInwgBwgJk'maxÆ¬M nigxÆ¬MdUcmun@

32

eT. ehIysmebIxÆ¬MecHEt¨bqSgnwgGMeBI«¨B«p§rbs'BYkeKpg etIeKcg'[xÆ¬MenACamYyBYkeK

Nas'eTAÉ? eKmincg'eT eKcg'Et[xÆ¬MfyecjeTAy"agh~wgäg.

¨tg'h~wgehIy EdlxÆ¬MVnC¨mabGs'elakG~kk~¬gesck¶Iep¶émfa skmµPaBBYkExµr

²s§r:eXIjfapæ¬yBIeKalbMNgrbs'eyIgG~kneyaVyrMedaHCati. skmµPaBBYkenaH KWCa

KuNv^bti¶y"agFMEdlp¶l'[xÆ¬MnUvkarxkcit¶y"agCUrct'drabsBÃ«f©. ehtuenaHehIy eTIbxÆ¬M

niyayriHKn'GÃI@ xÆ¬McUlcit¶niyayfa enHehIycritExµr.

dUcCasBÃ«f©enHeTot eyIg¾eBj¨tecok xagBYk«¨BeKfa ÇeKrMedaHÈ cUlmkdl'

¨sukNa dutsõandutpæHG~k¨sukh~¬gm"d½. xageyIgäeNHEdr edémºIkuM[BYk«¨Bdut k*manG~k«d

xUc@ enABIe¨kaykgT&B cSruHerIpæHG~k¨sukd·kKµansl'«drENg bgûg' epæagpÂan eqÂIydak'

Tahan. TahanG~kcºSgCab'xÂçn Cab'EP~kEtnwgxµSg maneBläNanwggakmklYcqk'ruHerId·k

CJØènenaH. ecarmÅagcUlmkdutbMpÂaj ecarmÅag¨svaevc etI[pæHExµrenAsl'GÃIeTA? sBÃ«f©enH

ExµrkMBugcaj'cmºSgy"agxÂSgBIe¨JHGÃI BIe¨JHebIBYk«¨BQ~Hk*gab'Exµr minEmngab'GaemrikSgeT

ebIBYk¨sukQ~Hk*gab'Exµr minEmngab'yYnhaNUyeT.

bu"En¶BYkem@ xagelImanKitGÃIerOgenH. BYkem@ xagrMedaHk¶I BYkem@ xagecar¨sukk¶I

suTìEtsU¨t¨Tws¶I¨sLaj'CatiTSgGs' KµannrNayl'faeFÃIenH KWbMpÂajCati[raås¶rgevTna

eT minKitemIlVk'sõane¨CaycgÃakëèg es¶csIhnuE¨skbnærmkfa: eFÃIh~wg¨tèvehIy! enHVn

cM! äBYk²s§r:kaleNaHk*rebobh~wgEdr! critExµrmanEtmYyGIucwg!

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xÆ¬McUlmkk~¬g¨beTsv^j

enAeBlEdlfyxÂçnBI²s§r: xÆ¬Mk*VnenAnwg¨kugVgkkteTAeTot. bu"En¶eday¨kugVg

kkKµanrbrGÃInwg¨bkb enAq~S 1948 xÆ¬Mk*VnmkenAGarJï. munnwgniyayBId÷eNIrcUleTA¨suk

v^j xÆ¬MsuMrMlwkerOgmYy Edls[eXIjcit¶minesµaHrbs'esomcMeJHeyIg. kaleNaHmanem

eQµaH epAplit GP&yvg§ CaecAelak kfafn (kTaFr) (G~kVt'd÷bgehAfaelakmÍas'@)

manExµrm~ak'eQµaH QYn EdrCaemrg. eQµaH QYn Vnlbcab'BYkExµr²s§r:enAe¨kam{vaT

elak ta¨tLac maxÆ¬MBIrnak'eQµaH¨Kè rs-yWn mUy, eQµaH mIu-PUrinæ mYy. ¨Kè rs-yWn nig

muI-PUrinæ(1) Camnus§sMxan'Nas' k~¬gcMeNamExµr²s§r:äeTot. BYkeQµaH QYn enaHnS¨Kè

rs-yWn nig muI-PUrinæ eTAsmÂab'enAnwgXuMtabB´"aTSgBIrnak'. VnbI«f©eTAbYn«f© eTIbVnd÷Nwg

enHeTAdl'maxÆ¬MäVgkk eTIbmaxÆ¬Mb¶wgt¨mçtenAVgkk. emt¨mçtVnGnuJïat[xÆ¬Mnigmit¶Pk¶ibI

nak'eTot eTArkkEnÂgkb'exµacG~kTSgBIrtamkarnSpÂèv«n²s§r:m~ak'. xÆ¬MVnykTSg¨bdab'ft

rUbeTApg Tukftexµac. p~èrG~kTSgBIrenAXÂatBIK~a¨bEhl 5 Em"¨t. xÆ¬MsuMGnuJïatKas'kayp~èr

mit¶emIl[cºas'. KµannrNaCYyKas'kayeT xÆ¬MkayKas'edayxÂçnägp~èrelak¨Kè rs-yWn.

exµac 5-6 «f©ehImrsaykiÂnGesac_êBjbnæ¬k dgûèvbu"n@ kUn«d xÆ¬Mk*tSgftykPinPaKVnsBÃ

¨Kb' rYcxÆ¬MsuMKas'p~èrelak PUrinæ eTot ¨sab'Ett¨mçt«fenaHniyayfa: VnehIy! Kas'EtmYy

dUcCaKas'TSgGs'Edr minVc'Kas'mYyeTotenaHnSEtht'Gs'kmÂSgeT! xÆ¬Mniyayfa: mnus§

exµacmanBIr ¨tèvEtmansMNuMerOgBIrEdr ftEtmYyxÃHmYyVnGÃIbMeBjsMNuMerOg! [xÆ¬MsuMGnu-

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ (1)- elakPUrinæ ¨tèvCabg«fÂrbs'elak Nub-quM.

34

JïatKas'mYyeTotcuH! t¨mçtenaHk*niyaydac'xatfa: manbJØaBIemmkfa[¨Kan'EtnSK~amk

emIlbu"eNöaH KµanGnuJïat[ft[GIeT! bu"En¶²LèvebIftmYyk*fteTAcuH! rYct¨mçtenaHniyay

fa: ²LèvenH[xÆ¬MsuM¨bdab'ftrUbnighÃIlm_k~¬genHykeTAp¶^tmkCUnelak! rYcbgÅ÷edaHhÃIlm_enaH

eTA. eKb÷Vt'erOgenaHrhUteTA. xÆ¬Mk*cab'yl'fa {! GaenHelgElºgfõ^nEP~keTetI vaj¬Hjg'[

ExµrnigExµrsmÂab'K~a vaeFÃICaCYyQWqíal! hWu !

enAnwgGarJïxÆ¬MrkrbrTTYlTanlk'kMNat'sMBt' enAGUre¨CA«¨Bòs§I. rbrenHminsUvCa

ce¨mInbu"nµaneT enA¨Kan'EtrkpÂèvcUlmk¨beTskmõ¬Cav^jbu"eNöaH e¨JHeBlenaHrd½aPiVlExµr

cab'ep¶émGMJvnav[BYk²s§r:cuHcUlehIy. äxÆ¬MVnCaBiVkcUl e¨JHdUcGs'elakG~k¨Cab

¨sab' xÆ¬MenAC÷Jk'Tak'TinnwgerOgneyaVyFM@ ¨BmTSgCaG~keTasekaH¨tLacecjBIekaHmunkM

Nt'sal¨kmpg cUlmk²tebIKit xÂacmin¨sçl. eTIbxÆ¬Mcat'[¨KçsarenAP~MeBjedérTak'Tg

nwgraCkarsmtÄkicÍ rhUtCYbnwgelak Résident Supérieur pg [s¨mçlkarenH. luHVn¨sçl

ehIy enA«f©TI 29 kkûda 1949 xÆ¬Mk*VncUlmk¨beTsExµrv^j.

GkuslxÆ¬M! «f©EdlxÆ¬McUlmkdl'¨suk k*Ca«f©EdlelakÒBukCaTIeKarBrbs'xÆ¬M EdlxÆ¬M

BuMTan'Vntbs~gsgKuNelakesaH elakVnTTYlmrNPaBk~¬g«f©enaHeTAedayeraKaJFi.

xÆ¬MnwkexÂaccit¶GaNitxÂçneBkNas' Edlrvl'Etedérecal¨suk ecal¨Kçsar rhUtdl'elak

ÒBukVt'bg'Cév^t edayKµanVnCYyEfTSKk'¨cVc' bMerITwkek¶ATwk¨tCak'elakesaH. EtenHeFÃI

em"cebIeyIgykCévPaBneyaVyy"agh~wgeTAehIy. G~kneyaVy KWsuTìEtCamnus§ecal

¨suk ecalÒBukm¶ay ¨bBnìkUn Camnus§Kuk¨cvak' Camnus§ElgKit tamEtnrNad·kykeTA

qÂak'äNak*d·keTA. dUcCaxÆ¬MEdlGEN¶tebÂgeVÂg ecalEm"ecalÒ Cab'Kuk¨cvak' ecal¨suk

mYyelIkCaBIrelIk luHcUlmk¨sukv^j ÒBukk*sÂab'eTAeTot KWG~kneyaVyvaGP&BÃmYycb'

y"agh~wg. xÆM¬VnsMKal'k~¬gcit¶xÆ¬MdUec~aHäg.

karksagCévPaBfµé

mkdl'P~MeBj xÆ¬MEdlsl'¨Vk'kasbn¶icbn¶çc VncUlhußnCamYybgbíèn begûét[man

rfyn¶¨kugcMnYnbIe¨KOg rt'bN¶ak'K~aBIp§arfµéeTAtampÂèvmat'TenÂ rYcbt'eTAlicdl'pÂèvmunIvg§

eTIbbt'mkp§arfµév^j. KWCakarbegûétmund÷bUgbMputenA¨kugP~MeBj edayxÆ¬MFÂab'eXIjenAVgkk

G~kd÷eNIrCHrfyn¶¨kugEbbenHe¨cInNas'. cMeJH«fÂCH xÆ¬MVnykBIG~kCHm~ak'@ 5 kak'.

sm&yenaHeKVnsðal'e¨cInK~a ehIyniymehArfyn¶xÆ¬Mfa ÇLan5kak'@È ¨Kb'K~a. bu"En¶rbr

enHBuMVnplbu"nµaneT edayLanmanEt 3 bN¶ak'K~aq©ay@ eBk minCab'@ K~adUcenAVgkk,

G~kCHeKxØilcS eKEtgC^HsIukÂè CHkg'GÃI@ eTA minsUvmanG~kCHe¨cIn. yUr@ eTAkan'Etex§ay@

eTA CaehtunS[xatbg'esahußyCalMdab'. rbr ÇLan5kak'È k*¨tèvcb'eTAe¨kayeBlEdl

lk'LanTSgbIenaHeTAv^j.

35

bnæab'BIrbrsßysßavenH xÆ¬MEbkKMnitKitrksuICaG~kedérftrUbv^jm¶g e¨JHkaleNaH

raCkarbegûét[manGt¶sJïaNb&NömanbiTrUbftCasMKal' cMeJH¨bCaCnTUeTA. xÆ¬MxÍIrfyn¶

h§IbmYyrbs'bgbußNöcnæ-fat'enATenÂbiT ebIkbrftrUb[eKenA¨Kb'¨cklúk tSgBIext¶kMBg'

cam-kN¶al- Vt'd÷bg nigesomrab. ext¶TSgBIrxage¨kay (KWVt'd÷bgnigesomrab) enHxÆuM¬

¨tèvekItmanerOgFM@ EdlxÆ¬MKYrykmkC÷rabEdr.

ext¶Vt'd÷bg xÆ¬McUleTA¨bkbrbrftrUbenHCamYybíèn¨buseBAxÆ¬MeQµaH bußNöcnæ-faNa

rit minVnyUrbu"nµan ¨sab'Etmanem²s§r:EdleTIbekItfµém~ak'eQµaH hußlvg§GanuPaB Vn

¨Vb'kUnecA«deCégeKfa ebIeXIjeQµaHxÆ¬MÉk*bíèn¨busxÆ¬McUleTAk~¬gtMbn'eK ¨tèv[kab'smÂab'

ecalkuM¨bNI. bíènxÆ¬MVnd·gd÷NwgenH rt'mk¨Vb'xÆ¬M. xÆ¬Mnwkq©l'e¨JHmind·gCaeQµaH hußlvg§

GanuPaB enaHsíb'xÆ¬MBIerOgGI. Kit@ eTAyl'fa¨bEhlCaelakenaHsíb'xÆ¬Me¨JHxÆ¬MFÂab'eFÃICaem

²s§r: ehIyBYk²s§r:knxÆ¬MenaHlºIeQµaHsemºIm kaleTAvay¨kugesomrabenaHk*mind·g. BI

e¨JH sUm¨Cabfa sm&yenaH¨kumxÆ¬MekItmuneKbgís'k~¬g¨sukExµr. kMeNItenaHehIyEdlGac

sayPay nS[ekItExµr²s§r:t@ mkeTote¨Jg¨Jt. TSgBYkFÂab'eFÃIecar k*mantSgxÂçnCa

²s§r:Edr Edlsm&yenaHG~k¨suk[eQµaHKnÂas'fa ÇGuiser"acak', ²s§r:ecarÈ KWBYkenH

ehIyEdlbÂn'Lan bÂn'kV"l' cab'mnus§bgðab'yk¨Vk' .l. kkUr¨suk[ekItclacl G~k

¨sukPitP&y¨Cçl¨cbl'¨Kb'kEnÂg. G~kxÂHBIedémeKehAGacar´ luHeLIgeCarsíb'FmáesovePA k*

eqÂ¿tcUl²s§r:ecar KitEtBIedérdutbMpÂajKmõérdékak~¬gvt¶Gs' manem²s§r:eQµaHGacar´ yI Ca

edém G~kTenÂFMsðal'ehIy. ²s§r:duHdUcp§it Etmind·gCamanÓt¶mKti¨tg'NaeT Edlbgúaj

[eXIjfaes~haCatienaH ebImansuTìEtBYkbÂn' BYkdutKmõérdékaecal edaysíb'FmáesovePA

ecaTBYkFmáesovePAfaFmáfµéy"agenH. BYkenaHKµanKitBIrMedaH¨sukeTsGÃIeT. Gs'elakekµg@

¨skre¨kayEdlekItminTan'erOgclacl bgûeLIgedayBYkGiuser"acak'enHeT, emIldl'¨tg'

eNHsUm¨bjab'gakeTAsYrbJØak'cas'@ EdlenAEkºr@ xÂçnenHemIlebImineC¯. G~kenAP~MeBj

enH xÂHk*VnmkenAedaysarBYkenaHGukL¬kxÂSgnasm&yenaHEdr sUmesIubemIlcuHebImineC¯.

cMENkem²s§r:eQµaH hußlvg§GanuPaB EdlcSbMVt'rUbxÆ¬MenaH ¨bEhlCamkBIE¨kg

xÂçnxÆ¬McUleTAtMbn'Kat' xÂçnKat'mankarGab'muxGab'mat'k*mind·g e¨JHxÆ¬MCaem²s§r:tSgBId÷bUgTI

ehIyFÂab'lºIk~¬gerOgvayVrSgenA¨kugesomrabenaH.

Ety"agNak*eday xÆ¬MFÂab'sðal'critExµrxÂHEdr ehIyxØilcg'Q~Hcg'caj' suxcit¶Qb'

cUleTAk~¬gtMbn'enaHeTA.

bnæab'BIenaH xÆ¬McUleTAkan'esomrab. KWTIenHehIy EdlnS[xÆ¬MeXIj dab-QYn sg

KuNxÆ¬MrebobNaenaH. ¨tg'eNHehIyEdlxÆ¬MsresrBIxagedémenaHfa: [Gs'elakcSemIl

dab-QYny"agNaCamYyxÆ¬MenaH.

sUmrMlwkeLIgv^jfa dab-QYnVncuHcUlnwgsem¶csIhnu enA«f©TI 1 tula 1949

ehIysem¶csIhnuVntemûIg dab-QYn CaemT&B¨tçt¨taext¶esomrab nigkMBg'FM.

36

xÆ¬McUleTArksIuenAext¶esomrab VncUleTAC÷rabsuMelakdab-QYntampÂèvkar tºiteK

Ca¨bFanenAext¶enaH. dab-QYn VnTTYledayrIkray niyayfaminGIeT GeJØIjrksIutam

s¨mçlcuH xÆ¬Mnwg[eKCYyemIlpg kuM¨BYy.

xÆ¬MnwkGrKuNdab-QYnsnìwk. bu"En¶xÆ¬MkMBug¨bkbrbrenHminTan'Vnbu"nµanpg ¨sab'Et

es¶c¨taj'enH rkerOgedaypÂèvsm©at' [eKcab'xÆ¬MykeTAsmÂab'Etm¶g. xÆ¬Md·gBtámanenHeday

sarsk¶ibIm~ak'enAk~¬gkgT&Bdab-QYnEdl¨sLaj'xÆ¬MesµaH e¨JHeKBIedémeKCakUnecArbs'xÆ¬M

Edr eKVn¨Vb'xÆ¬Mfa [¨bjab'fyeTA tºitdab-QYnkMBugcat'kar[eKlbcab'xÆ¬MehIy. xÆ¬Mnwk

hYscit¶Etm¶g erOgenHminxusBIerOge¨BgExµrEdlniyayBIerOg²sICbqµa[eTACaxÂaenaHeT.

erOgenaHEcgfa: ta²sIciJÍwmqµamYy eday¨sLaj'qµaenaH k*Cbva[kÂayeTACaxÂa. xÂaenHKit

eXIjfa GtItkalrbs'GjCaqµa elakta²sICbGj teTAebIeKd·gfaGjmanedémkMeNItCa

qµa Gjmin¨besIreT. edémºIkuM[eKd·gfaGjBIedémCaqµa Gj¨tèvEtsmÂab'²sIenaHecal e¨JH

ebITukKat'[enA smKat'niyayerOgedémkMeNItGj nS[GjefakTab. KitehIyk*¨bug¨b

har²sI Et²sId·gTan'k*eFÃI[xÂaenaHkÂayeTACaqµav^jeTA. dab-QYn¨bEhlCacg'bMVt'GtIt

kalrbs'Kat'CamYyxÆ¬M eTIb¨tèvEtkMcat'xÆ¬MenaHäg. Ék*mkBI¨KaenaHxÆ¬MBuMVn[k«¨mGÃIesaHdl'

rUbKat'k*mind·g VnCaKat'cgGaXatBáVTdl'f~ak'enH e¨JHsm&yenaHKat'¨tèvkarsYysar

Gakrsnìwksnìab'Nas' efAEkcin¨Bin¨Kb'@ K~a¨tèvEtEsne¨BnKat'Kµansl'kºalmYy.

xÆ¬MminGacenAVnk*nSK~IK~acakecjBIext¶esomrab¨bjab'¨bjal'. enHehIyerOgxÆ¬MCa

mYyelakdab-QYn Edle¨kaymkeKsðal'eQµaHfa dab-QYnmØ¬leB¨C enaH.

xÆ¬MmkenAP~MeBjv^j ehIyKitfarkrbrNa[Vn¨sçl kuM[c¨mègc¨masdUcenHeTot.

ehIyerOg ÇneyaVyÈ xÆ¬MBuMePÂceT dUceKej¿nnwgGaePondUec~aHEdr. xÆ¬MVncUlbe¨mIKNbk§

neyaVyenAedémq~S 1950 rhUt 1951 EdlxÆ¬MnwgsresrC¨mabteTAeTotenAC÷BUkxag

e¨kay. xÆ¬MsUmbJØak'enATIenH[ehIyfa tSgBIenA«¨BrhUtcUl¨sukv^j xÆ¬MVnsMKal'eXIjfa

BYkenA¨sukKMnitemniym p¶ac'karniym kab'smÂab'K~a mandUcK~a dUcCaBYkenAk~¬g«¨BEdr dEdl

CadEdl. enHehIycritExµr!

R R

R

37

xÆ¬McUlKNbk§¨bCaFibety´

k~¬geBlEdlxÆ¬MVncUlmk¨sukv^jenH ExµreyIgmanKNbk§neyaVy tamlkÅN:

¨bCaFibetyÉdrehIy tamrd½FmµnuJïEdl¨Tg'sIusuvtiÄ yuti¶vg§ nig elak eGov-ekIs Vn

ksageLIg. q~SEdlxÆ¬McUlmkenaH KNbk§EdlxÆ¬MGacrMlwkVnenAeBlenaHKW:

- KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ rUbkºald÷rIkan'pûaQUkbICasJïalkÅN_, d·knSeday

elak eGov-ekIs

- KNbk§esrIPaB rUb¨VsaTkMBUlbICasJïalkÅN_, d·knSeday¨Tg' nerat¶m

nrinæedt

- KNbk§exmrbu"n~kar rUbnagKgúég¨BHFrNICasJïalkÅN_ d·knSedayelak

ln'-nl'

- KNbk§tMekIg¨bCaCati rUbhnuman¨TEpnTI¨sukExµrCasJïalkÅN_d·knSeday

elakEy"m-sMbUr

- KNbk§cMerInCati rUb¨BçjTmÂ¬HkgbYn rbs'elak Ca Cnkuk

- KNbk§øsanmanC&y rUbTg'CatiBIrExÃgK~a¨Tmû¬d CasJïalkÅN_rbs'elak em"A

cy

- KNbk§rYbrYmCati

- KNbk§¨bCaCn rUbngð&lCasJïalkÅN_

- KNbk§ rUbsMbukXµ¬Mrbs'elak m"m suTì (minEmn m"m suTì Tutiymºi²LèvenHeT)

- KNbk§ rUbkeNë¿v

- KNbk§rUbkN¶ab'¨sèv- sM ej¿n Caem .

38

FmµtaG~kneyaVy Etgej¿nnwgerOgneyaVy y"agNamij rUbxÆ¬MEdlFÂab'Cab'Kuk

e¨JHerOgneyaVyk*enAEtcg'¨bLèkk~¬gElºgenHEdr.

xagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ manK~IK~axÆ¬MCae¨cInVncUlbMerI manelak V"c-QWn, Cu÷-

mYg CaedémEdlFÂab'EtrYmskmµPaBneyaVytSgBIq~S 1936 mkenaH. xÆ¬Mmkdl'PÂam elak

miuj-Na¨KI nigelak Cu÷-mYg VnmkCYbxÆ¬M ehAxÆ¬M[cUlKNbk§¨bCaFiety´. manxagKN

bk§äeTotEdr EdlmkTak'Tg EtxÆ¬MBuMVncUl xÆ¬MTTYlcUlxagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edl

manK~axÆ¬Me¨cIn¨sab'. xÆ¬Mk*VnCYbpæal'nigelak eGov-ekIs bMerIKNbk§¨bCaFibety´tmk.

sUmrMlwkfa nItikalTI 1 «nsPaCatiEdlebIksm&yBI«f© 21 Ex mkra 1948 sma

CkPaKe¨cInCaKNbk§¨bCaFiety´ (kºald÷rI). sPaCatiEdlmankrNIykicÍkarJrrd½Fmµ-

nuJï karJrlTiì¨bCaFiety´ EtgEt¨tèvrgGMeBICHCan'rbs'hÂçgsIhnuCanicÍ. rd½FmµnuJïEdl

Vn¨bkase¨bIBIq~S 1947 rhUtmkEtgrGak'rGYlCanicÍ bN¶almkBIes¶csIhnuEdlKµan

TsBiFraCFmáesaH ecHEtEkrd½FmµnuJï¨tLb'¨tLinkarJrEt¨beyaCn_nigzan:k§¨t.

ehIyd·gy"agNaeT? edayminsbºaycit¶nwgKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edlman¨bCa

¨biyPaBCagxÂçn ¨BmTSgeFÃIkarminsUv¨sbnwgbMNgxÂçnenaH, enA«f©TI 17 kJïa 1949 es¶c

sIhnuVn¨bkasrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 1 enaHeTA.

karenaHeFÃI[¨bCaCnExµr Vt'mat'Vt'kElghßankík¨KEhm¨twmeNaH xÂacsÂab'eday

sar¨BHkruNaCaGmÍas'Cév^telItºèg. ehIyeKd·gfa emIleTA¨Bwti¶karN_¨sukeTsmuxCamin

sUvE¨b¨bçl¨cbUk¨cbl'GÃIteTAeToteT. bu"En¶mans©b'äNa enA«f©esAr_ 14 mkra 1950

¨sab'Et¨Bwti¶karN_mYyekIteLIgdUcrnæH eFÃI[G~kP~MeBjPÆak'epíél rhUtdl'¨sukE¨scMkarniKm

CnbT KWd÷NwgmrNPaB«nelak eGov-ekIs GtIt¨bFansPaCati bcÍ¬bºn~GKðelxaFikar

KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edl¨tèvCnm~ak'eVH¨Kab'EbkeFÃIXatelak enATIs~ak'karKNbk§¨b

CaFibety´ elx 67 pÂèvÓkj"apÂ¬g Ctkac'¨C¬gv^fé 9 tulasBÃ«f©enH.

sUmC¨mabfa q~SEdlelak eGov-ekIs TTYlmrNPaBenaH elak Ey"m-sMbUr

Canaykrd½mån¶I, elak ecA-Esnkusl Card½mån¶I¨ksYgyuti¶Fmá, nigmanelak tan'-Kimtwk

CaemKij, elak esg-TiB Caemb"UlIsenAtMbn'p§arfµé EdlmannaTIemIleTAdl'pÂèvÓkj"apÂ¬g

enaHpg.

eKG~k¨kugP~MeBjTSgmUl kaleNaHswgEtyl'faelak eGov-ekIs sÂab'enHKWeday

Ke¨magÓbXatrbs'es¶csIhnuEtm¶g. e¨JH¨BHGgðnigBYkbrivarelak BuMEmncg'eXIjCév^t

elak eGov-ekIs rs'enAkarJrrd½FmµnuJï karJrlTiì¨bCaFietyénaHkalNa.

¨KaEdlsmÂab'elak eGov-ekIs sÂab'ehIy eKEbrCaeTAcab'smaCkKNbk§esrI-

PaBm~ak' eQµaH nUy"a enAbwg¨byabykmkvaysYrcemÂIy vaybgÅ÷[eqÂIyfaxÂçnBitCaXatkr

eFÃIXatelak eGov-ekIs. kaleNaHG~kP~MeBjx§wbex§¿vK~afa: ÇneyaVyenaHeqItNas'

Tat'mYyVnBIrEtm¶gÈ Vnesck¶IfaeKsmÂab'em¨bCaFietyéhIy eKdEdlh~wgeFÃI[xag

KNbk§esrIPaBenaH Cab'erOgra"veTAEdr. G~kP~MeBjyl'fa erOgh~wgf·õnEP~ksuTìsaF e¨JH

39

xagKNbk§rge¨KaHKµannwkeXIjfaKNbk§esrIPaBCaKU¨bqSgmksgswkEbbenHpgeT. xÆ¬M

mkCYbehtukarN_d*semºImenH k*PÆak'xÂçndUceKkån¶ak' nwkfa {! neyaVyBYkk~¬g¨suk minxus

BIneyaVyBYkk~¬g«¨BEdlxÆ¬MFÂab'rs'enACamYyenaHbu"nµaneT. kab'smÂab'K~a²tGaNit dUcxÆ¬M

VnniyayTukmkehIy enHehIycritExµr! ebIrvl'Et¨bkab'¨bcak' bMVt'Cév^tK~ay"agenH man

eBläNanwgksag¨sukeTs? ksag¨beyaCn_rYmekIt? hWu Gkusl!

xÆ¬MEdleTIbEtVncUlk~¬gKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ k*dUcCaVnmkTTYlmrNsJïa nig

CYyEhsBelakGtIt¨bFan eGov-ekIs Etm¶g. sBelak eGov-ekIs ¨tèvVndEgúykeTA

tMkl'enAeKhd½anelak enApÂèvPatrPaB (GtItsIusuvtiÄ) mat'TenÂ pæHelx 233 xagtºègvt¶Ekv

¨BHePÂIg eFÃIbuN´TkÅiNanubºTanGs' 7 yb' 7 «f©. ehIyenA«f©TI 22 mkra 1950 sBrbs'

elak¨tèvdEgúCakºçny"agmehaLarik eqõaHeTAbUCaenAvt¶bTumvt¶I . kºçndEgúenaHK¨KwkKe¨Kg

(rUbft 1 : mQUssBäkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs Vn¨buge¨bobdEgúecj) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

semºImNas' xÆ¬M¨tèvKN:kmµkarbuN´ cat'[nSmuxkºçnEdldEgúbt'EbntampÂèvCae¨cInna¨kug

P~MeBj KWecjBIeKhd½ansBpÂèvPatrPaB (GtItpÂèvsuIsuvtiÄ) ¨tg'eTAxagtºèg bt'eTAlic dl'

(rUbft 2 : kºçndEgúsB äkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs «f©TI 22 mkra q~S1950) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

(rUbft 3 : BiFIbg§¬kUl enAmuxmnæIrsPaCatism&yenaH) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

pÂèv 9 tulasBÃ«f© k*edértampÂèvenHmkxageCég mkdl'pÂèvsWnKuysBÃ«f© k*edértamenHrhUtdl'

mat'TenÂ pÂèvPatrPaBv^j. rYckºçnk*td÷eNIrsn§wm@tampÂèvenH rhUtdl'pÂèvÓkj"aQun eTIb

bt'cUlmklicv^j mkdl'muxmnæIrsPaCati kºçnVnQb' ehIynimn¶¨BHsgôbg§¬kUlCUnsB

enATIenaHeday¨sgUt¨sgat'. bnæab'mkeTIbkºçntd÷eNIrtampÂèvÓkj"aQunmkliceTot eTIb

cUleTAtºègtampÂèvvt¶buTmvtIeTAQb'enAQabnd½anvt¶buTmvtIenaH edémºIbUCa. G~kenAP~MeBj

cUlrYbrYmk~¬gkºçnenHCae¨cIn¨kumCae¨cInBYk ¨bkbedayTwkmuxe¨kom¨kMCaTIbMput. karmYyeTot

EdlTukdUcCaGsÍar´bn¶icEdr KWeBldEgúsBenaH tMkl'elIV"qaVnbn¶ic ¨BHPiruNbgí¬rcuHmk

rYcemX¨sTuM¨sTn'dUcCaecHkan'TukÅ cMeJHmrNPaBrd½bursExµrenHEdr. Gs'elakenAP~MeBj

cas'@ GacnwgniyayerOgenHeLIgv^jVn sUmbíèn@ ¨skrenHsaksYrelakpgcuH.

sm&yenaH, elak eGov-ekIs Vt'bg'Cév^teTA, etIsµartI¨sLaj'lTiì¨bCaFiety´

rbs'raås¶ExµrcuHfyÉ? etIKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ (kºald÷rI) cuHfykmÂSgÉ? minEmneT! pæ¬y

BIvtÄ¬bMNgrbs'BBYkraCniym p¶ac'karniym GaNaniKmniym Edlcg'bMVt'lTiì¨bCaFib-

40

(rUbft 4 : BiFIbUCasB äkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

ety´ nigKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ raås¶ExµrrwtEtmansµartIPÂWfÂaeLIgmYykMriteTot ¨sLaj'

lTiìenHxÂSgeLIg e¨JHeKyl'fa {! lTiìenHmant«mÂNas'etI s¨mab'GjCaraås¶enaH! dUec~H

eTIbeKsmÂab'elak eGov-ekIs ecalkuM[elakCYykarJrGjekIt eKcg'TukGjCaraås¶

gg·t K fÂg'eTArab'stvt§eTot kuM[egébPÂWsÃagekIt.

kalebIraås¶Exµryl'y"agh~wgehIy KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ k*kÂayeTACaKNbk§

Edlraås¶¨sLaj'y"agelIslub.

R R

R

41

xÆ¬MnigKukneyaVym¶geTot

cUlmkk~¬gq~S 1951 KNbk§neyaVyVnmanskmµPaBCafµé eday¨bCaCatiExµr¨tèv

kar[manGgðkarnItibJïti¶eLIgv^j.

KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ CaKNbk§EdlQrCYrmuxKNbk§äeTot edayraås¶FÂab'

sðal'nig¨sLaj'. cMeJHrUbxÆ¬MBuMmanBenÂIseT kareXasnaeVHeq~at dUcCakarkMsan¶buN´Tan

(rUbft 5 : kareXasnarbs'KNbk§¨bCaFibety´sm&yenaH) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

suTìsaF tºitxÆ¬MniyayeXasnam¶g@ kEnÂgNak*edayeKTH«dGbGrsaTrBuMEdlxan. má"g

eTot eKFÂab'lºIfa xÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l FÂab'Cab'KukekaH¨tLac FÂab'ksagkMeNIt²s§r:. emÂ"aH

ehIyeKrab'GanxÂSgNas'cMeJHraås¶.

sPaCatinItikalTI 2 k*¨tèvVnekAGImkxagKNbk§¨bCaFibetyý"age¨cIn Edl

manrUbxÆ¬Mk~¬genaHm~ak'Edr. nItikalsPaCatiTI2 enHVnebIksm&y¨bCu÷enA«f©TI 4 tula 1951 .

ehIyenA«f©TI 12 tula 1951 KN:rd½mån¶Ifµé EdlPaKe¨cInxag¨bCaFibety´ ehIy

Edld·knSedayelak hußy Knì¬l CanaykenaH VnnSsmaCkmkbgúajxÂçncMeJHsPapg.

(rUbft 6 : ebIksm&y¨bCu÷sPaCatiTI 2 sm&yenaH. rUbBIeqÃgeTAs¶S : CYrxagmux elak sWn-san,

¨Tg' ²ånæavg§ . CYrxage¨kay : elak Cu÷-mYg, xÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l .) (minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)

sPaCatieFÃIkarbe¨mIEtÓt¶mKtiCatidEdl karJrEtlTiì¨bCaFibety´dEdl k*minVn

sux¨sYlesaH ecHEtTTYlkarsgût'sgû^nrbs'es¶csIhnudrab. ehIyVnEtCagmYyq~S

42

bu"eNöaH edayeyIgecHEtcecsrwgTTwgnwg¨BHGgðxÂSgeBk enA«f©TI 13 mkra 1953 ¨BHGgð

e¨bIGMNacp¶ac'karrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 2 enaHeTA. xÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l nigG~k¨bqSgecj

muxe¨cInK~a ¨tèv«deCég¨BHGgðcab'GUskºalbJÍèlKukk~¬geBlenaHeTA. Cév^txÆ¬M, Cab'KukelIkTI2

nwgelIkenHehIy!. {! GnicÍakmµKuk, GIk*G~k¨sLaj'xÆ¬MemÂ"H? Vt'muxxÆ¬MyUrminVnÉ? kalBIq~S

1942 xÆ¬MVnmkCYbnwgG~km¶gehIy ehIyhYsrhUteTAekaH¨tLac, ²Lèvq~S 1953 xÆ¬MmkenH

m¶geTot ehIymind·gCanwgeTANaeToteT?

xÆ¬McUlKukelIkTI 2 enH Vnsegûtk~¬gKukFMrbs'ExµrKµanxusBIC÷nan'q~S 1942 eT rebob

EbbbTeFÃITaruNkmµmnus§enAdEdl. ehIyxÆ¬MsegûteXIjeKpÍalmnus§edayv^FIEbÂk@ dUcCa

eKykG~keTaseTAcgepíabnwgKl'sÃay[GågûgecamxS E¨skrkBueTìa!

enHCacritG~kd·knSrd½Exµr KµanEkE¨brebobesaH enAEtcas'K¨mwl«¨B«p§dEdl. xÆ¬M¨TS

rs'enAk~¬gKukGkuslGs'eBl 8Ex 20«f© eTIbmanvasnarMedaHrYcmkv^j.

xÆ¬MsUmrMlwkerOgmYy. muneBlrYcBIkarXuMXSg xÆ¬M¨BmTSgmit¶Cae¨cIn VnTTYlesck¶I

ek¶A¨khaytUccit¶ cMeJHemneyaVyKNbk§¨bCaFiety´dUcK~a EdleKmanvasnalímin

Cab'Kuk eKcUleTA¨V¨s&ynwgBYkxÆ¬MenAk~¬gKuk eKeJlbenæasBYkxÆ¬Mfa: Gs'elakeXIjeT?

Gs'elakmineCOxÆ¬M, xÆ¬MVnrMlwke¨cInelIke¨cIn¨KaehIyfa kuM¨bqSgnig¨BHkruNaCaGmÍas'Cév^t

elItºèg[esaH, BYkelakmins¶ab'xÆ¬MeT ²LèvTal'EtGIcwgeTA! bu"En¶minGIeT Gs'elaknwgVnrYc

xÂçnk~¬geBlqab'@ enHehIy!

En! vaeTACaGIcwg, KYrNas'EtmklYgelamelIkTwkcit¶K~a mindUec~aHEbrCamkbenæas

dUceKykePÂIgmkcak'elI¨Tèg! enHcritExµrvaGIcwg!

tSgBIecjBIKukkalNa xÆ¬MnwktUccit¶cMeJHxÂçnägy"agxÂSgEdlBIenaHmkenH KµanVn

sux¨sçlesaH Cév^txÆ¬MCaCév^tmansuTìEtbnÂa¨cèg¨cagc¨mègc¨masCanicÍ Kuk¨cvak'Cab'EkgKYr

[sÆb'EsÆg. xÆ¬MdUcCaGs'kmÂSgnwgbe¨mICév^tneyaVy¨twmeNH. xÆ¬Mehvht'Nas'ehIy. xÆ¬M

k*VndkxÂçnBICév^tenHmYy¨Ka ehIyEbrCamkxitxM¨bkbrbrTTYlTanciJÍwmCév^tnwg¨Kçsarv^j

m¶g eday¨bkbrbrJNiCØkmµy"agsÃitsÃaj¨bLèkbU"kV"kCamYycineBjTMhwg drabVnman

CévPaBsmrmĆamnus§nwgeKluHsBÃ«f©. bu"En¶eTaHbIlak'xÂçnElgeFÃIneyaVy KitEtrksIuk*

eday k*xÆ¬MecHEttamkt'sMKal'sÄankarN_¨sukExµrCadEdlEdr e¨JHdUcVn¨CabehIy G~k

cUlvg'neyaVy eTaHbIXÂatBIvg'eTAehIyk*eday EtgEtlbemIleKG~kfµé EdlkMBugEtkan'

karrd½enaHCadrab. karsMxan'@ EdlxÆ¬Mkt'sMKal' ehIyEdlxÆ¬MecHEt¨s«mfarbbrbs'es¶c

sIhnu muxCanwgmanehtuGa¨kk'enA«f©NamYy edayeyIgCaraås¶¨TSenAElgVn ¨tèvEtruHerI

enaHKWÐ

- es¶csIhnuyktMENgnaykrd½månI¶mkkan' bnæab'BIrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 2

q~S 1953 .

- mkBIelakelµaPGMNac vatykGMNacrd½¨Kb'ya"gmkkan' edémºIjak'ejaceTA

Nak*Vn.

43

- es¶csIhnudak'tMENgraC´[es¶cÒBukesayraCĆYsteTA 1955, elakcUl¨b

Lèkk~¬gneyaVy[Vnkb'«d; KNbk§EdleFÃI¨sbtamrd½FmµnuJï¨tèvrlay@

Gs' edayGanuPaBelak.

¨tg'eNHmkBIelakxÂacrlayraCblÂ&gûpg cg'B¨gékmuxmat'[man¨bCa¨biyPaBEt

m~ak'ägpg.

mYyeTotsem¶csIhnueXareXANas' cit¶min¨tg'bg'scÍ:eFÃIVbBYkKNbk§¨bCa

Fiety´semºIm. enA«f©TI 11 sIha 1957 sem¶csIhnuVn¨bkas[KN:kmµkarkN¶al«n

KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ cUleTAk~¬g¨BHbrmraCvSgC÷nMuenA¨BHTInSgePaCnIy edémºecaTeqÂIyGMBI

vtÄ¬bMNgrbs'KNbk§¨bCaFibety´. eBlenaHmanmnus§e¨cInJn'nak' VncUleTAs¶ab'

pæal' äv^T´¬Catik*manp§aybn¶[G~ks¶ab'äeTot¾pg. xagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´manrUb

elak sÃay-sUr Ca¨bFan, elak tan'-KImhYn, ¨Tg'nerat¶m-PUris§ra, elak Ekv-mu"g¨KI,

elak KS-er"t CasmaCik. k~¬g{kasebIksm&y¨bCu÷rYc sem¶csIhnu¨bkasy"agmWugm"at'fa

suM[Gs'elakxagKNbk§ kuMbIPitP&yÉ¨BYyVrm¸[esaHk~¬gerOgeKeFÃIVbep§g@, xÆ¬MsuMFana

TSgGs'faKµannrNab"HJl'elakeT elakniyayGÃIniyay[¨tg'@ eTAcuH kuM¨BYy!

eBl¨bCu÷enaH cab'BIem"ag 9 rhUtdl'em"ag 13:40 eTIbcb' KNbk§¨bCaFibety´

VnbgúajnUveKalbMNgEdlrk§alTiì¨bCaFiety´¨sbtamrd½FmµnuJïBit¨Vkd eFÃI[sem¶c

sIhnuminsbºaycit¶esaHeLIy. äBYkEqûCabrivarsIhnuv^j qab'yl'¨BHT&ysIhnuCamÍas'

Nas'eTAeTot BYkenaHcS[Etcb'eBl¨bCu÷nwgeramxSBYkGs'elakKNbk§¨bCaFibety´[

k§&yEtm¶g. Emn, sIhnuCamÍas'rbs'vahamEtmat'eT k~¬gcit¶KWBn´¬HvaCaEqû[cS¨tVk'kºal

eKCae¨sc. ¨Kan'EtC÷nuMcb'PÂam elak sÃay-sUr, elak Ekv-m"ug¨KI, ¨Tg'nerat¶m-PUris§ra

ecjtamTÃarxageCégk*¨tèvBYkenaH E¨skeCrm¶aytay{BukdUcCaBYkVtp§arGavaEs ¨BmTSg

B&TìKb'du÷fµe¨Jg¨Jt eTAelIelak sÃay-sUr d÷NMCageK tSgBIk~¬gvSgrhUte¨kAvSgEbkmux

Ebkmat'Gs'. elak tan'-KimhYn nigelak KS-er"t ecjeTATÃarxagekItrYcxÂçn bu"En¶VnP&y¨B

lwgcugsk'mintic. enHCalkÅN:e¨TIsX~grbs'sem¶csIhnu EdlcUlcit¶eVkbeJÏateK[

sÂab'tamKMnitefakTab.

- es¶csIhnueLIgeCar edayecHEts¶ab'Jk´beJØarrbs' cin-yYn kumµ¬ynis¶ k*síb'

GaemrikSgcak'[VtukrvayTUtGaemrikSg 1962 ehIykat'TUtBIGaemrik, GBá¨kitcak'

EfveTAxagkumµ¬ynis¶ edayxMykcit¶kumµ¬ynis¶ kuM[kumµ¬ynis¶bMVt'raC´ ebIkalNakumµ¬y-

nis¶cUlmkdl'.

raås¶yl'fa erOgenHmkBIelakxÂackumµ¬ynis¶EdlCas¨tèvnwges¶c cUlmkkab'

smÂab'elak eTIbelakelgpÂèvlYgykcit¶[ehIy.

cugcb' Gs'smtÄPaBnwgs¶ar¨sukeTsEdlman{nPaB fv^kaFÂak'¨sutdl'Vtdal

bN¶almkBIkar¨Kb'¨Kgrbs'xÂçnEdlecHEtcayBuMecHrk, sIhnuk*tSgxMeFÃIkun eFÃIelÅan begûét

emdaylk'«rykluy rhUtdl'ebIkkasIuNUq~S 1969 nS[raås¶Gn¶rayhinehacmintic.

44

edaysÄankarN_¨sukkan'Etliclg's¨swmenH ehIyEdlmanyYneyokkugecar¨keBI¨bvti¶-

saås¶¨bcSCati kMBugEthamat'¨bug¨tVk'elbykeTApgenH sIhnucM¨bb'EmnETn cg'edaH«d

BITMnYlxus¨tèv k*tSgehAelak ln'-nl' sirImt: [mkCYys¶arnavakmõ¬CaenH eday[nam

rd½aPiVlelak ln'-nl' fa rd½aPiVle¨sac¨sg'Cati (Gouvernement de Sauvetage) ehIy

[TTYlxus¨tèvcMeJHmux¨bvti¶saås¶ (ExsIha 1969).

kt'sMKal'CalMdab'mkbu"eNöH xÆ¬MecHEtnwkm«mfa minyUreT ¨sukExµrmuxCanwgPan'E¨b

minxaneT. kMBugKit ¨sab'Etkëèg! «f©TI 18 mIna 1970 ¨Bwti¶karN_¨bvti¶saås¶pæ¬HeLIg sPa

CatiEdlCatMNag¨bCaCatiExµrTSgmUl EdlCasParbs'es¶csIhnurbs'sgðmraås¶niym

VneVHeq~atCaäkcÏnæTMlak'sem¶csIhnuBI¨bmuxrd½Exµr!

Emn! esck¶I¨s«mrbs'xÆ¬MVnedérdl'PaBBitehIy. xÆ¬MmanGMNrrkJkńiyayBuMVn!

¨BWxÂçncMeJHsµartIPÆak'rlwk«nGs'elakvrCneyIg bJïvn¶eyIg ¨BHsgôeyIg ¨bCaBlrd½

eyIg EdlrYmK~akMcat'sIhnu emp¶ac'kartMNagrbbraCniymcuge¨kayenH[xÍat'eTAVn. Et

bu"eNöH sIhnuGs'lkÅN_ehIy ehIyebIGac¨tLb'cUlmk¨sukv^jVn sIhnuGs'manPaB

CaxÂa CaraCsIh_eTotehIy EtKWCaqµamYybu"eNöaH. xÆ¬Myl'Cae¨sc.

edayxwgeXarnwgeKTmÂak'xÂçn es¶cken¶¯enHEdlsÄitenAäeb"kSg¨sab'pg manlTìPaB

¨Kb'¨Kan'nwgeFÃIkarsgswkmkelIExµr k*Bn´¬HyYneyokkugeyokNamxageCégEdlman¨sab'

enAelIdéExµr [vayExµrK¨KwkKe¨KgEtm¶g nacugExmIna 1970 nigt@ mk.

Tl'nwgsÄankarN_¨bfucj¬"cenH elakesna¨bmux ln'-nl' VnEfÂgsarhaehAExµr

[CYy¨byuTì ehIyelak¨bmUlG~kneyaVy¨Kb'nin~akarTSgGs' [cUlCYysÄabnaCatiCa

mYynwgelak. ¨KaenaHTwkcit¶Exµr QamExµrG~kcmºSg mankareBjcit¶cMeJHelakesna¨bmux

ln'-nl' y"agxÂSg Tahan 24 em"agekIteLIge¨Jg¨JtCYy¨suk. erOgenHGs'elakPaK

e¨cInNas'Vnd·gVncSTukEdr.

ärUbxÆ¬M¨tèvelakesna¨bmux ln'-nl' naykrd½mån¶I nigCanayGKðesnaFikarkgeyaF

BlexmrCati haehAeTAbMJk'sk¶izan:Cavresniy¨tI bMerIkgT&BteTA.

KWxÆ¬MeBjcit¶Nas'eTAehIy edayxÆ¬MVnman{kasnwgbMerIneyaVyfµérbs'rd½aPiVl

e¨sac¨sg'Catiy"ageBjTMhwg. xÆ¬MEdllak'xÂçnBYnGatµaGs'kalCt«mq~Sk~¬grbbraCniym

enaH eBlenH¨tèvEtpuseLIgv^j.

- ExÓsPa 1971 xÆ¬MVn¨tèvEtgtSgCaGnurd½elxaFikar¨ksYgFmµkar

- «f© 28 mIna 1972 xÆ¬MVn¨tèvEtgtSgCaÓbkarI«nelakesna¨bmux ln'-nl'

¨bFanaFibtI

- ehIyExkJïa 1972 xÆ¬MVncUlrYmk~¬gKNbk§sgðmsaFarNrd½ drabCab'eq~atCa

smaCksPaCatinItikalTImYysBÃ«f©enH.

erOgcUlKNbk§enH maneKdN¶wgsYrfaehtuGÃIVnCaxÆ¬McUl ecaläKNbk§¨bCaFib

ety´rbs'xÆ¬MBImun?

45

xÆ¬MsUmC÷rabk~¬gvg'¨kckfa edayxÆ¬MsegûteXIjeKalbMNg«nKNbk§enHsmrm´lµm

[rYbrYmCamYyekItenHmá"g má"geTot cg'cUleTACYytE¨mt¨mg'ExµrK~aeyIg[eqõaHeTATisEt

mYypg. xÆ¬Mminyl'esaH cMeJHG~kxÂHEdlecHEtmanH minCYyK~aesaH edayKitEtBICYyKN

bk§eTAv^j cg'Catiliclg'dl'Nadl'NIk*eday. G~kkan'karrd½enaHCaK~aeK Gjminrvl'eTA

eboteT cSKNbk§Gj K~aGjeLIgkan'karswmGjrvl'CamYy.

xÆ¬MminEdlKitdUec~HeT ehIycMeJHmit¶xÆ¬MxagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ k*xÆ¬MminEdlecal

Edr minEdlsíb'eT enAEttamrab'Gan enAEt¨sLaj' ÓTahrN_cºas'sBelak V"c-QWn

(«f©16tula1971) sBelak Cu÷-mYg (BI«f©11mIna1973) KWmanrUbxÆ¬MCaG~kcat'EcgelIkdak'

erobcMedaypæal'@ Edr. eyIgEbkBIKNbk§¨Kan'EtCakarpÂas'briyakas ExÃgeyabl'K~a

bu"eNöaH Tid½PaBneyaVyeyIg ¨bkan'ykdEdldUcK~ak~¬gerOg¨beTsCati enA¨sukGaemrik

manG~kxÂHecjBIKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ eTAcUlKNbk§saFarNrd½ GIcwgEdr. xÆ¬Myl'fa

vadUcCaTuTid^½niymeBk ebIeyIg¨bkan'EtKNbk§mYy@.

²LèvxÆ¬MsUmv^lEbrmkeJlGMBIcritExµr e¨kay 18 mIna 1970 tmkeTotenH etIman

xusEbÂkbu"nµanBIrbbraCniymeT? pÂas'Etrbb bu"En¶mnus§manpÂas'TSgGs'K~aäNa? xYrkºal

Exµr critExµr manpÂas'äNa? KMnitcg'FMdac'Etäg, KMnitriHKn'Q~anIsK~a, KMnitkab'smÂab'bMVt'

Cév^tK~a, KMnit¨bTUsr"ayK~aKµanQb'Qr, KMnitbk§BYkniym Gjniym, emIlgayeK GaenaH

minekIt GaenHminepH GaenHGIecH GaenaHGIcuHùùù mindl'BYkeyIgeT, .l. nig .l. enAman

dEdlk~¬gsgðmExµr.

R R

R

46

etIrbbfµéenH

ExµrmanpÂas' eT?

xÆ¬MsUmrMlwkeLIgv^j nUvehtukarN_TSgLayEdls[eXIjfa eyIgecHEtmancrit

¨bqSgK~adUcEdlniyaymkehIyenHdUcteTA Ð

k~¬gq~S 1970 mund÷bUgvrCneyIg ¨bCaBlrd½eyIgrYbrYmK~alíNas'. TSgelak sWg-

g"ukfaj' ¨bmuxclnaExµresrIk*VncUlrYbrYmnwgGs'elakvrCn 18 mInaEdr ¨BmTSgbJØènkg

T&BelIkd÷bUg bImWunnak'mkCYye¨sac¨sg'kmõ¬Capg [qÂgputBIe¨KaHf~ak'Cad÷bUg«d. TSgGs'

K~aeFÃIGÃIeFÃICamYyK~a Kµanr{szanesaHeLIy drabdl'¨bkas¨beTsExµrCasaFarNrd½ kalBI

«f© 9 tula 1970 eTot. äs¨tèvecamvayeyIge¨Jg¨Jt bu"En¶sµartIeyIgKµanejacj&r

cMeJHxµSgbu"nµaneT eyIgsgô·mfa GacnwgkMcat's¨tèèveTAv^jVn. eyIgmansamKðImutmS

Nas' TSgvrCn TSg¨bCaBlrd½.

bu"En¶CaGkuslrbs'eyIgExµr cUlmkq~S 1971 Exkum: elak ln'-nl' ¨tèvmanCm©·

xUc«deqÃgeCégeqÃg ehIy¨tèvecjeTABáVlenAbreTs rhUtdl'«f©TI 12 emsa eTIb¨tLb'

mkv^j. sÄankarN_k~¬g¨sukdUcCalík'xÃl'e¨JHenA«f©TI 20 emsa 1971 elak ln'-nl'

dak'Jk´suMlaElgBId÷ENgnaykrd½mån¶I cMeJHelak ecg-ehg ¨bmuxrd½. «f© 21 emsa

47

elak ecg-ehg GnuJïattamJk´suMrbs'elak ln'-nl' EtelaksuM[elak ln'-nl'

erobcMKN:rd½mån¶I.

- «f© 23 emsa enAv^manrd½cMkarmn elak¨bmuxrd½ edaymansPaTSgBIr nigrd½mån¶I

eXasnakarcUlrYmpg VnCYbsnænaCamYyGgðkarsarBtámanCatiedémºIb¶èreya

bl'erOgv^bti¶KN:rd½mån¶I.

- «f© 28 emsa elak ln'-nl' CUnd÷NwgeTAelak ecg-ehg v^jfa elakBuMGac

erobcMKN:rd½mån¶IVneT.

- «f© 29 emsa edayelak nl'-nl' BuMGacEtgtSgKN:rd½mån¶IVn elak¨bmuxrd½

e¨kayBIVnBie¨KaHCamYy¨bFanrd½sPa nig¨bFan¨kum¨bwk§asaFarNrd½ (kal

eNaHehAdUec~aH) k*Vnes~Ielak suIsuvtÄi sirimt: [erobcMKN:rd½mån¶I. elak

sirimt: fa cSKitemIlsin.

- «f©TI 30 emsa elak sirimt:tbeTAelak ecg-ehg v^jfa elaks¶ayNas'

edayBMuGacEtgtSgKN:rd½mån¶IfµéVn BIe¨JH Ð TI 1 elakCard½mån¶Icas'cg'[

G~kfµékan'karm¶g, TI 2 ¨sukkMBugekItsågðamrvl'eFÃIsågðam. elak ecg-ehg

Gs'pÂèvk*es~IeTAelak CYb-Ehßl GtIt¨bFanrd½sPa [EtgtSgKN:rd½mån¶I.

- «f©TI 1 ÓsPa elak CYb-Ehßl eqÂIytbeTAv^jfaelakBuMGace¨CéserIsKN:rd½

mån¶IVneT. elak ecg-ehg k*cat'[elak Giun-tS ¨bFansPaCatie¨CéstSg

KN:rd½mån¶I.

- «f© 3 ÓsPa elak Giun-tS VneqÂIytbfaelakBuMGace¨CéstSgKNrd½mån¶IVn

eT.

eTAäeNHBuMGaceTAäeNaHBuMGac k*tSg¨bCu÷TSgGs'K~aEtm¶g KWelak ecg-ehg,

elak ln'-nl', elak suIsuvtiÄ sirimt:, elak Giun-tS, elak Gußg-swum. TSgGs'K~at¨mèv

[elak ln'-nl' e¨CéstSgKN:rd½mån¶I.

TMrSEtniyay¨tèvK~a ¨BmeFÃIkarCamYyK~a eyIgmanv^bti¶KN:rd½mån¶IGs'eBlknÂHEx

elgTeT.

- «f©TI 5 ÓsPa smaCk«nKN:rd½mån¶I VncUleTAbgúajxÂçnenATIs¶Ikarnaykrd½

mån¶I. smaCksMxan' KWelak ln'-nl' Canaykrd½mån¶I, elak sirimt: Canayk

¨btiPU, elak Giun-tS CaÓbnaykrd½mån¶ITI 1, elak sux-qug CaÓbnayk

rd½mån¶ITI 2, elak hg§-Funhak' Óbnaykrd½mån¶ITI 3.

Gs'elakG~kenAkt'sMKal'eXIjfa Gs'elakvrCnTSgGs'enH enArYbrYmK~aKYrsresIr.

k~¬gExmifuna-kkûda bJúaxÃHGgûrVnecaTeLIgKYr[¨BWkºalrhUtdl'FÂak'elak Xwg-

«flI BId÷ENgrd½mån¶I¨ksYgÓs§ahkmµ nig p¶l'Ps¶¬Par.

48

¨kwt´ 468/71bùrù cuH«f© 29-5-71 tSgKN:kmµkarcMruHTUlMTUlay TTYlbnæ¬kerob

cMesck¶I¨Jgedémrd½FmµnuJï«nsaFarNrd½ExµrmansmaCk 3 nak' tMNagGgðkarrd½nimYy@ nig

smaKmnimYy@. ry:eBleFÃIrd½FmµnuJï : 3 Ex.

«f© 16 mifuna 1971 em"ag 9 ¨Bwk elak sirimt: VnebIkBiFI (¨bkasnaykelx

1111-71) [KN:kmµkarcab'eFÃIkarrbs'xÂçn. KN:kmµkarcMruHmansmaCkTSgGs' 231

nak' EdlmanxÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l m~ak'pgtMNagBuTìiksmaKmmCÎmNëlsaFarNrd½. KN:kmµ

karcMruHedaymanelak mas-saäm Ca¨BwTì¨bFanbeN¶aHGasn~ VneVHeq~ate¨CéserIs¨b

Fan Gnu¨bFanTSgBIrnigKN:kmµkarEtgesck¶I 15 nak'. lTìpl«nkareVHeq~at KW ¨bFan

elak sU-ENm, Gnu¨bFanTI1 elak Duk-r"asuI, Gnu¨bFanTI 2 elak ¨Tij-va"j.

KN:kmµkarcMruHenHVneFÃIkary"agskmµmk.

- «f© 6 sIha 1971 elak sirimt: eTAshrd½Gaemrik rhUtdl'«f© 30 sIha eTIb

¨tLb'mkv^j VneCaKC&y¨tcH¨tcg'.

- «f©esAr_ TI 4 kJïa elak sirimt: VneFÃIsn~isITmYyraykarN_GMBIlTìplEdl

elakVneTATak'Tgnwgshrd½Gaemrik ehIyelakfa [EteyIgrYbrYmK~ay"aglí

teTAeTot eKnwgkan'EtCYyeyIgeTÃreLIgeTot. s¶ab'elak sirimt: nS[sbºay

cit¶Nas'. KW¨tèvEtsamKðI bu"En¶TnæwmnwgeBlenaH mind·gehtudUcem¶c ¨sab'EtenA

rd½sPaäeNaH tMNagraås¶ 36 nak' eFÃIjti¶suMdkelak Ey"m-sMbUr ecjBI

tMENg¨bFan.

- «f© 16 ExkJïa 1971, e¨kayBIeBlCECkK~aEbkEp§gmk k~¬gerOgTmÂak'elak

Ey"m-sMbUr rd½sPaeVHeq~atsm©at'man 24 semÂg[TmÂak'tamjti¶ man 31

semÂg[Tuk. dUec~Helak Ey"m-sMbUr enAteTAeTot. CECkK~aenaHnS[mnus§Ebk

samKðImintic. bnæab'enaH enAes©¿m@ ¨sab'Et«f© 24 kJïa elak Giun-tS EdlCa

Óbnaykrd½mån¶ITI 1 nigCaÓt¶mesniy¨tIenaH ¨tèvdkecjBIt÷ENgTSgGs' b¶èr

tMENgenHCUneTAelak Twm-gYn qûy. ¨bCaCnExµrEbbesµ¯k edayq©l'. yI! Gs'

elakFM@ em"ck*edjK~aecalFUremÂ"H?

- ¨kwtélx 570/71bùrù cuH«f© 4-10-71 KN:kmµkarc¨muHEtgrd½FmµnuJï ¨tèvVn

BnáeBl 2 Ex teTAeTot bu"En¶mind·gehtudUcem¶c ¨sab'Etman¨kwtélx 609/

71bùrù cuH«f© 16-10-71 begûétsPaFmµnuJï edaybJÍèlsPaTSgBIr cab'tSgBI

«f© 18 tula 1971 teTA.

- KN:rd½mån¶Ie¨CéserIsEfmfµé KWelak Twm-gYn Óbnaykrd½mån¶ITI 1 TTYlbnæ¬kTIs¶I

karnaykrd½mån¶I nigkars¨mbs¨mçlxagmha«pæ sn¶isuxCati Fmµkaryut¶iFmá

saFarNkar nigeTBekaslĆnbT.

- elak qn-suxum eTsrd½mån¶I¨ksYgÓs§ahkmµnigsbºiykmµ.

- elakÓt¶mesniy¨tI zabºNagn~ rd½mån¶I¨ksYgmha«pæ sn¶isuxCati nigkmµkar.

49

- elak m"aLay-exm rd½mån¶I¨ksYgJNiCØkmµ nigp¶l'Ps¶¬Par.

«f©TI 20 tula ¨BHsgôenAP~MeBjVneFÃIVtukmµs©b's©at'enAmuxvt¶Garam TamTar[

elak ln'-nl' eFÃI¨bmuxrd½ ¨BmTSgbiTJkésÂak suM[t¨mwmt¨mg'nUvkicÍkarrd½TSgLay

Edlelí¿geXÂ¿gXÂat.

- «f©TI 8 v^cÏika 1971 elak ecg-ehg ebIkBiFI¨bkasCapÂèvkarnUvsPaFmµnuJï.

eBlenaHsPaFmµnuJïeVHeq~ate¨CéstSg¨bFannigGnu¨bFan VnlTìpl elak

Giun-tS Ca¨bFan, elak Bin-yWn CaGnu¨bFanTI 1, elak ekIt-KIhßag Gnu

¨bFanTI 2.

eyIgeXIjfa elak Guin-tS EdleKhUtgarenaH ¨tèvmanmuxecjmkeTottamry:sPa

FmµnuJïenH.

sUmC¨mabfa sÄankarN_swkeBlenaH eyIgvayeTAkan'ext¶kMBg'FM VneTAdl'P~M

snæ¬k ¨sab'Etfymkv^j¨kak@ Gs'rlIg ehIysÄankarN_xaglicP~MeBj (TYlelob) k*

ke¨mIky"agF©n'F©r¨BYyVrm¸ EtVnFUreTAv^jenAcugExF~è 1971 enaH.

sgô·mfa q~S 1972 EbbVn¨sçl bu"En¶mindUec~aH EbrCamanerOgt@ eTot :

- «f©TI 8 mina 1972 ¨sab'Etmanjti¶rbs'nis§itmhav^Tál&ynItisaås¶ nig

v^Tásaås¶esd½kicÍ CUnsPaFmµnuJï sUmes~ImuWgma"t' min[dak'k~¬gkal:eTs:NaEdl

kareVHeq~atBuMGac¨b¨Bwt¶eTAVnenaH buKðlNamanQamC&rCaes¶c[kan'tMENgFM@

rbs'saFarNrd½Exµr dUcmanEcgxage¨kamenH

1- ¨bFanaFibtI

2- Gnu¨bFanaFibtI

3- naykrd½mån¶I É rd½mån¶I

4- nayGKðesnaFikarkgeyaFBlexmrCati

- «f© 9 miIna nis§it¨bCu÷y"agFMenAsalsn~isITctumux ehAfasmaCyuvCn manbiT

bdae¨Jg¨JtsuTìEtJkésÂakfa : kuMPryuvCn, GFá¨s&ymnus§BukrlYyKW

kºt'Cati, kuMEckGMNacdUcEcknMK~asIu .l.

enATIbJÍb' smaCse¨mcfa :

ÇeyIgCayuvCnElgTukcit¶rd½aPiVlelakÓt¶mesniy sirimt: ehIyÈ

EsíkeLIg«f© 10 mIna 1972 enAkMEBgvt¶ekaH vt¶lgûa manbdaKS¨Tesck¶IsMerccit¶

rbs'smaCyuvCn. k~¬gl©acenaH elak ecg-ehg EfÂgtamv^T´¬fa elakGs'lTìPaBnwgbMerI

¨beTsk~¬gzan:Ca¨bmuxrd½teTAeTotehIy elaksuMepærzan:enHeTAelak ln'-nl' v^j.

minEtbu"eNöaH em"ag 21 yb' elak ln'-nl' k~¬gsarrbs'elak EdlTTYlzan:

¨bmuxrd½BIelak ecg-ehg elakk*Vn[sPaFmµnuJïQb'cb'skmµPaBeTAEdr.

50

En±! vaeTACaGIcwg nis§itminTukcit¶elak sirimt: vaeTACaGs'manelak ecg-ehg

ehIymkrlIgäsPaFmµnuJï! sµ¬KsµajsemºIm!

- «f© 12 mIna elak¨bmuxrd½ ln'-nl' VnEfÂgsarEkE¨bzan:¨bmuxrd½ [eTACaman

¨bFanaFibtI edayEcgfa :

1- ¨bmuxrd½Exµr

nwgmaneQµaHCa¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½BI¨twmeNHeTA.

2- ¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½Exµr

CaGKðembJØakar«nkgeyaFBlexmr Cati.

3- ¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½Exµr

TTYlxÂçnägnUvmuxgarCanaykrd½mån¶I. k~¬g kicÍkarenH

¨bFanaFibtImanrd½mån¶ITI 1 m~ak'CaC÷nYy edémºIs¨mbs¨mçl

skmµPaBnigkicÍkar«nsmaCkTSgLay «nKN:rd½mån¶I.

manTI¨bwk§anig ÓbkarIGmpg. manxuTækal&ynIti¨btibti¶mYy

nig¨kum¨bwk§aCatixagsn¶i suxCaC÷nYypg.

elak ln'-nl' eFÃIbuN´semaFzan:rbs'elakenA«f©TI 14 mIna 1972 edayman

¨BHsgô 108 Ggð Ót¶mesniy vresniy nig[¨bCaBlrd½¨sI¨buscUlrYm.

karenHExµrsgô·mfaVnsux¨sçlehIy mind·gCay"agem"c ¨sab'Etmanv^bti¶KN:rd½

mån¶IeTot vévrrvl'nwgrkvrCnm~ak'[mke¨CéserIsKN:rd½mån¶Ifµé. rkäeNHBuMVn äeNaHBuMekIt

k*eTAehAelak sWg-gu"kfaj' BI«¨BnKr[mkerobcMKN:rd½mån¶I.

eyIgrvl'nwgerOgenH k*¨sab'EtxµSge¨sac¨Kab'ru"EkûtcUl¨kugBIra¨tITI 20 eTA 21 mIna

y"agsemºIm sÂab'Gs'mnus§ 112 nak' KYr[QWcab'Nas'. exæcv^T´¬sæwgmanC&y.

elak¨bFanaFibtI ln'-nl' EfÂgsarerOgenHfa¨VkdCamanG~kk~¬g[«d.

äcMENkelak sWg-g"ukfaj' k*VnerobcMKN:rd½mån¶Itam{vaTrbs'elak ln'-nl'

eTAtamrebob Régime Présidentiel .

¨sab'Et«f© 24 mIna eKeXIjxitb&Nö¨bqSgnwgelak¨Kè exov-Cu÷ EdlecHEtc¨cb'

Gar"beTAC÷nuMCamYysis§ nS[manbriyakasminlí.

ehIysem¶c¨BHsgôraCKN:mhanikayk*¨tèvbgÅ÷¨BHT&y[EfÂgsarmYy benæas

elak¨Kè exov-Cu÷ Edr.

«f© 28 mIna manbdae¨Jg¨JtenAtammhav^Tál&ynanafa:

- kuMekNëraås¶[E¨sk Ceya!

- kuMecaTyuvCnfabegûétGanaFibety´ !

- kMeTcecal[Gs'kMEGlsk¶iPUmi !

- eTAehIy mkv^jEqû !

51

ehIyenA«f© 29 mIna enAsaklv^Tál&yP~MeBj mansmaCyuvCnmYy karJrelak

ta V"g-xat' nig exov-Cu÷ EdlecHEtÓs§ah_mkcUlrYm¨bCu÷CamYysis§ tamesck¶Inimn¶rbs'

sis§.

sÄankarN_v^lvl'rbs'sis§enH VnlatEvgGnÂayrhUtdl'«f© 23 emsa 1972

mhav^Tál&ycºab'¨tèvGaCÆaFrGavuFhtÄB&TìCu÷v^j. enAk~¬genaH manelak Ekv-Gn nignisi§t

kuy-biuc.

äelak sWg-gu"kfaj' ¨bkask~¬g«f©enaH[sis§enA[es©¿m kuMrMeCébrMCYl.

«f© 26 emsa sÄankarN_Gab'GYVnekIteLIg ¨kumVtukrrab'Jn'nak' EdlVnTmÂay

rnSghamXat'kalBI¨BwkenaH VnsÄitenAmuxmhav^Tál&ycºab' manmI¨kèE¨skedomdam[

rd½aPiVl. ehIyem"ag 17 k*nSK~aecaldu÷fµmkelIGavuFhtÄ GavuFhtÄk*ecal¨Kab'EbkEp§g

¨BmTSgs~èrkSePÂIgGs' 5 naTI Vtukrrt'Can'K~a. VtukrE¨skeCrBYkGavuFhtÄy"agxÂSg. Esík

eLIgeTotGFikrN_manteTAeTot Vj'K~a¨cgab'¨cglenATIenaH.

enHCaelIkTI 1 ehIy EdlGFikrN_ekIteLIgrvagsis§ nigGaCÆaFr.

elak fac'-Ca rd½mån¶I¨ksYgGb'rMCati sU¨ttamv^T´¬GMJvnav[sis§dak'GavuFcuHenA

em"ag 14 «f©TI 27 emsa.

«f© 28 emsa Vtukmµy"agFMenAv^manäkraC´ sis§Jk'kMNat'exµAenAGav nigCYtkºal

kMNat's manTmÂak'CaybIdUckan'TukÅexµaccin-yYn EteKkan'TukÅexµacK~aeKEdlfaGavuFhtÄ

Vj'smÂab'enaH. manbdaeCrrd½aPiVly"agsemºIm : Vj'yuvCnKWCaTmiL ! braC&yrd½aPi-

Vlp¶ac'kar sWg-gu"kfaj' smÂab'yuvCn manEtrd½aPiVlExµreT EdlsmÂab'yuvCn !

ehIyeKeXasnaK¨KwkKe¨Kg Vn¨Vk'kassnìwk. eBlenaHnisi§t kuy-buic Edl

Caem«nerOg EbrCamk¨bkastamv^T´¬suMeTasrd½aPiVlqû¬y.

- elak ln'-nl' EfÂgsarsuM[sis§EdleFÃIbuNénAv^manäkraCénaH Qb'eFÃI

buNÉdlKµanexµacenaHteTAeTot edémºI[manreboberobryk~¬gsgðm. elakfa

xµSgkMBugrarSgeyIgkuM[eVHeq~atVnenA«f© 30 emsa elaksuM[sis§s©b'cS

eVHeq~atGnumtielIKe¨magrd½FmµnuJïsin. Etsis§Elgs¶ab' eKenAEteTA enAedk

Cu÷v^jv^manäkraC´bn¶buN´dEdl.

suMrMlwkfa eBlenaHcM«f©BisaxbUCapg buN´BisaxbUCa eKeFÃI¨Kvés¨Kvas[rYcEtBI

«d e¨JHrvl'nwgerOgclaclsis§enAv^manäkraCénaH.

«f© 30 emsa 1973 Ca«f©eVHeq~atbeJÍjmtielIKe¨magrd½FmµnuJïfµé. TahannigsIu

v^lk*VneTAeVHeq~at eTaHbIxµSgekobsgût'nigK¨mamkMEhgy"agNak*eday. rd½FmµnuJïenH

G~kxÂHfaminlí minekIt G~kxÂHfadUec~H xÂHfadUec~aH KWfaeyIgKµanäkPaBGÃIeT. bu"En¶eday¨beTs

nimYy@ ¨tèvEtmanrd½FmµnuJïenaH rd½aPiVl¨tèvEtbgÅ÷[ecjcºab'enaHxanBuMVn líGa¨kk'cSEk

kun«f©e¨kay.

52

- rd½FmµnuJïsaFarNrd½Exµr ¨tèvelak¨bFanaFitI ln'-nl' ¨bkas[e¨bIenA«f©TI

12 ÓsPa 1972 tmk.

cb'erOgenH k*elcerOgrbs'buKðliksik§aeFÃIkUdkmµcMeJHerOgEdlrd½aPiVlbJÍ¬H¨kb

x&NëbuKðliksik§a BI¨bePT ÇxÈ mkenA¨bePT ÇKÈ vj.

- kUdkmµbuKðlikenA¨ksYgmha«pæTSgBIr¨bePT KWelxaFikar-elxharI TamTar¨kb

x&Në[esµénig¨kbx&Në¨Kèbzmsik§a nig¨kbx&NëP~ak'garnKrVlCati.

- kUdkmµbuKðlikBnìnaKarGnurk§ cMnYn¨bEhl 200 nak' TSg¨sITSg¨busTamTar

¨kbx&Nërbs'xÂçn[esµInwg¨kbx&NëbU"lIsEdr (¨kbx&Në K).

rd½aPiVllÃIgmuxral'«f©. eBlenaHdUcCaKµanemKµanekaymind·gCas¶ab'nr-

Na. bu"En¶y"agNak*eday ¨beTsExµr¨tèvEteVHeq~ate¨CéserIs¨bFanaFibtI.

- «f©TI 21 ÓsPa ¨ksYgmha«pæVn¨bkasnamebkÅCn¨bFanaFibtI KWman :

elak Ekv-Gn Gayu 41 q~S

elak ln'-nl' Gayu 59 q~S

elak Giun-tS Gayu 50 q~S

elak Giun-tS nig ln'-nl' man«deCégeXasnaK¨KwkKe¨KgsemºImNas'

cugcb'elak ln'-nl' k*VnCab'eq~ateTA.

«f© 21 mifuna elak ln'-nl' EfÂgsar[¨bCaBlrd½rYbrYmK~aTSgGs' edémºIsMerc

eKalkar KW :

- rd½aPiVlCYy

- ¨bCaBlrd½EdlmanesrIPaB CaG~kksagCévPaBxÂçnäg

- G~kbecÍkeTsCYyÓbtÄm CYybgúat'be¨g¿nnigCYyd·knS.

GgðkarrYbrYmK~aenaHelak[eQµaHfa: ÇGgðkarCatib¨gçbb¨gçmExµrG~kCatiniymÈ VrSg

ehAfa: ÇRassemblement National de l'Union Nationaliste.È

bu"En¶hak'KµannrNaeGIeBInwgelakesaH.

bu"En¶y"agNak*eday «f©TI 3 nigTI 4 kkûda 1972, elak ln'-nl' k*¨tèvEtVnEtg

tSgCa¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½Exµry"aghwukhßak'Edr.

BIenaHmkenH Gs'elakG~kGackt'sMKal'Vnfa vrCneyIgcab'ep¶émEbkVk'K~aEmn

ETnehIy. cUlmkk~¬gExsIha 1972 KNbk§bI¨kumk*ekIteLIg ehIymankmÂSgsemºIm@ KW

KNbk§sgðmsaFarNrd½ e¨kamkarÓbtÄmrbs'elak ln'-nl', KNbk§saFarNrd½

rbs'elak sirimt:, KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ rbs'elak Giun-tS. KNbk§nimYy@ suTìEt

mansarBtámanp§ayerog@ xÂçn. ehIyeKd·gfa kaEstd÷NwgeBl¨Bwk nigkaEstexmraFibtI

Edlsresr¨T¨Tg'KNbk§saFarNrd½ nigriHKn'rd½aPiVl¨tg'@ enaH KWCakaEstbk§BYk

rbs'saFarNrd½Edr. ¨bCaraås¶ExµrLb'sµartI mind·gCas¶ab'xagNa eC¯xagNaeT.

53

erOgeVHeq~aterIstMNagraås¶ sPaCati ¨tèv¨b¨Bwt¶eTAenA«f©TI 3 kJïa 1972; eVH

eq~ate¨CéserIs¨BwTìsPaCati ¨tèv¨b¨Bwt¶eTA enA«f©TI 17 kJïa 1972.

bu"En¶eGIyep¶émeLIg ¨sab'KNbk§saFarNrd½rbs'elak sirimt: VnepÆélixiteTACUn

elak ln'-nl' mancMNuc 5 x suMtva"GMBIbJïti¶eVHeq~at elx 45-72 bsx cuH«f©TI 12-

7-72 ehIy¨ksYgmha«pæEbrCaeqÂéyCYsVnEt 1 x bu"eNöaH KNbk§enHk*se¨mcfa:

1- mincUlrYmk~¬gkareVHeq~atenaHeT,

2- sUmdkesck¶ITukcit¶TSg¨sugBIrd½aPiVlbcÍ¬bºn~,

3- KNbk§enAEtrk§asiTiìCaKNbk§neyaVyskmµ .

ehIykaEstrbs'KNbk§enH Vnsresry"agxÂSg@semºIm dUcCasresrelIkºal

kaEstk~¬g«f©TI 11 sIha 1972 fa: mnus§«¨BFÂab'e¨bIcºab'«¨B luHdl'cUlmkk~¬g¨suk k*enA

Ete¨bIcºab'«¨BdEdl, karecHfyedémºIedaH¨saybJúaCati BuMEmnCakarkMsakeT KWCaesck¶IkÂa

hank~¬gkicÍCatirs' !

bnæab'BIKNbk§saFarNrd½dkfymincUl¨bkYteVHeq~atenaH KNbk§¨bCaFiety´

kºald÷rIrbs'elak Giun-tS rYm¨bCu÷l©ac«f©TI 5 sIha k*tSgse¨mcEdrfa :

1- dkxÂçnmincUl¨bLèkk~¬gkareVHeq~ateT,

2- efûalkMhuscMeJHkarrMelaPCaGci«ån¶y_ BIsMNak'rd½aPiVleTAelIeKalsMxan'@

«nlTiì¨bCaFibety´ nigrd½FmµnuJï,

3- se¨mcminTTYlsðal'lTìpl«nkareVHeq~atxagmux ehIyTuklTìplenaHfaKµan

PaBtMNagCatiTal'EtesaH.

Gs'elakG~keXIjehIy nUvG~kd·knSbd^vt¶n_eyIgEbkVk'K~abu"Nöa? eyIgGacnwg

vas'TMhMenaHVneT?

äBYkKNbk§sgðmsaFarNrd½ EdlVnmkelak hg§-Funhak' kan'garCaGKðel-

xaFikarenaH k*ecHEtT¨Twb@ eTA muxEqûE¨sCe¨mA (mux¨kas') edérGgÃrraås¶[yl'erOgsÄab&n

Cati¨Kb'kEnÂg e¨JHKNbk§enHyl'fa Cati¨tèvmanGgðkarCasÄab&n¨Kb'sBÃs¨mab'niyay

kark~¬gGgðkarsh¨bCaCati.

¨KaenH vrCneromcºgTSgGs' emIlmuxK~aElgcMEmnETnehIy rIäkUnecA«deCégm~ak'@

enaH k*kan'eCégecAhÃaynay E¨skekakkak@ efûaleTasK~aeTAv^jeTAmkKµan¨bNI.

xÆ¬MnwkeXIjdl'kaleXasnaKNbk§ kalBI«mVÂyq~SknÂgeTAehIy sm&yenaHeK

eCrK~aCaElºg dUcCafa kuMeC¯¨bCaFibety´BIe¨JH Ç«t-k-vak'È KWTak'k«v" BYkenHsahav

Nas'; kuMeC¯esrIPaB BIe¨JHBYkenH ÇPabrUtÈ KWPUtrab PrrhUt; kuMeTAykd÷rIkMbutk man

kºal²txÂçnc«¨gNas'; kuMeTAkan'rUb¨VsaTdak'Gacm_¨beC¿v; kuMeTAeC¯hnumanEdlkMBuglI

EpndéeTAlk' .l. xÂH¨btis½erOgGasGaPasep§g@ dUcCafa hnumanshaynwgnagKgúég

.l. KWeKecaTK~aesIcelg KµanKitdl'eKalKMnit «nKNbk§esaHeLIy. eKKµanykeKal

neyaVyd·knS¨sukeTs Edlfa¨tèveFÃIy"agNa@ eTIbVncMerInenaHmkeJlesaHeLIy.

54

¨bCaraås¶Exµrv^lvl'vegÃg l©g'enAEtl©g'Kµansðal'maKáacºas'erOgneyaVy¨suk drabsBÃ

«f©. sm&yenaHvadUec~aH dl'mksm&yenHehIy k*vaenAEtdUec~aHeTot KYrs¶ay !

karTas'ETgExÃgKMnitK~aenH KµannrNaGacrMgab'VneT. xÆ¬Mk*ecHEtnwkfa {! eBlenH

¨bsinebIman¨BH²næ ¨BH¨Bhµ ymyk§Namke¨Vs h~± , ¨bEhlCaVn¨tèvr"UvK~axÂH. ehIy

Gs'elakG~kk*¨bEhlCaVnKitdUcxÆ¬MEdr minGIucwgÉ? eyIgBiVkcit¶dUc@ K~a. bu"En¶manrsµI

mYyEdlnS[PÂWk~¬gerOgenH. k~¬geBlEdlxÆ¬MkMBugnwkp§genaH ¨sab'Etsem¶c¨BHsgôraC

hYt-tat elakVnehAxÆ¬MeTABie¨KaHniwgelak. elakman¨BHbnæèlsYrfa sÄankarN_sBÃ«f©

clacleBjTMhwg ävrCneyIgTas'K~aeBjlº¬g etIelak m"ul ägyl'y"agNaEdr? xÆ¬Mnwk

eXIjfamanEtsem¶ceT eTIbBYkenaHs¶ab'xÂH eTIbxÆ¬MTUleTA¨BHGgðfa :

- sUm¨Tg'emt¶ae¨Vs, TUlbgð÷yl'fa manEtsem¶ceT Edl¨bEhlCaBYkvrCn

eyIgenAeKarBs¶ab'xÂH sUmsem¶csresrlixiteTAes~IBYkenaH [rYmK~aeLIgv^jeTA ¨bEhlCa

manlTìpl¨besIr. elaksYrmkxÆ¬Mv^jfa : GatµaKitfanwgsresreTAehIy bu"En¶vaKµanG~kkan'

sMbu¨tenaH ykeTACUnGs'elakTSgenaHedaypæal'@ «d. xÆ¬Mk*TUlelakv^j¨bjab'fa : TUl

bgð÷FanaykeTACUnvrCnTSgenaHedaypæal'«d suMsem¶ceFÃIsMbu¨tenaHmkcuH. sem¶c¨BHsgô

raCk*eFÃIsMbu¨tTSgbICasm©at' [xÆ¬MnSeTACUnelakTSgGs'[rYbrYmK~a xÆ¬Mk*VnnSsMbu¨tenaHeTA

CUnelak ln'-nl', elak sirimt:, elak ecg-ehg dl'TIlMenA. äelak Guin-tS sem¶c

elake¨bIesµ¿nelak[ykeTACUn. «f©e¨kaymkk*eXIjelak sirimt:, elak ecg-ehg nig

elak Giun-tS eFÃIlixitrYmK~aepÆéfÃaysem¶cv^jfa Gs'elakGr¨BHKuNsem¶cNas' ehIyfa

¨bugnwgrYbrYmK~aEdr BuMcg'EbkVk'eT.

sem¶c¨BHsgôraCk*elakmanGMNr. xÆ¬MEdlCaG~knSkarN_k*VnsbºayEdr bu"En¶

eBlEdlKNbk§sgðmsaFarNrd½kMBugcat'ebkÅCneXasna¨Twb@ Etäg munnwgdl'«f©eVH

eq~atcMnYn 13 «f© KW«f© 21 sIha 1972 eBl¨Bwk ¨sab'EtùùkëSg ! ¨Kab'EbkVÂsæikmYypæ¬H

eLIg sMedAeTA¨bugp¶ac'Cév^telak sWg-gu"kfaj' rd½mån¶ITI 1 nigCard½mån¶IkarbreTsExµr!

bHsk'! Gs'G~k¨kugP~MeBj nigG~k¨bvti¶saås¶ebIkEP~kFM@ .

En! G~kneyaVyExµr elgeLIgsuTìEtGIcwg. elak sWg-g"ukfaj' ¨Vb'BYkkaEstfa

G~kEdl¨Vf~aCév^telak CaG~kFÂab'eFÃITahan minEmns¨tève¨kAeT KWs¨tèvk~¬gEtm¶g elakfa

elak²txÂacsÂab'eT e¨JHCév^telak elakykmk[Exµre¨bIehIy ebImaneKBuMeBjcit¶nwg

elak eKcg'bMVt'elak k*mind·gCanwgKiteFÃIem¶c. p§g@ eTAcuH sÂab'k*sÂab'eTA !

Emn, elak sWg-gu"kfaj' Camnus§neyaVytSgBIq~S 1930 FÂab'ecal¨suk ecal

E¨s ecalEm" ecalÒ FÂab'Cab'Kuk¨cvak' FÂab'enA«¨BsIuGt'sIuXÂan, FÂab'¨tèveKeCrtamv^T´¬ya"g

cas'«dkalBIq~S 1963 fakºt'Cati elakeTIbEtVneGItkºalmkCan'¨sukExµr e¨kay¨Bwti¶-

karN_ 18 mIna k*¨sab'Etrge¨KaHGa¨kk'eTot mkrgfµVk' ¨tèvkUnsis§eCreBjemX kalBI

Exemsa ehIyminTan'Vns©b'pg k*¨sab'Etmkbß^HsÂab'EbbFUrlú¬yy"agenHeTAeTot. KiteTA

dUcCaGasUrelakEdr. enHsMdéG~k¨tiHriHeKeJl.

55

cMENkxÆ¬M xÆ¬MPÆak'FÂak'Twkcit¶fa {! G~kneyaVyExµr! ebIelgeLIg suTìEt¨Vf~abMVt'

¨semalK~aGIcwg etI«f©NaeLIynwgVnfû¬÷efûég! {! ebIminVnfû¬÷efûégeTk*hIeTAcuH GaNitEtkuM[

rwtEt{nfyeTAeTotenaH. karkab'smÂab'K~aenH muxKYr[s¶ayNas'. rab'eQµaHemIl G~kecH

d·gExµreyIgmanbu"nµannak'? ebIrvl'Etlbkab'smÂab'K~aGIcwg cugcb'vaenAsl'GÃI? mannrNa

d·knSnrNa? ebIeyIgmineBjcit¶nwgelak sWg-gu"kfaj'eT elak sWg-g"ukfaj'ecHExµrEdretI

em"cminniyay¨Vb'[¨tg'eTA? má"geTotelak sWg-gu"kfaj'enH Kat'mkedémºIbågðb'kicÍEdl

fa¨tèvbegûét[mansÄab&nCati¨Kb'sBÃeTetI cb'ehIyKat'Qb' Kat'man¨kajcg'd·knSäNa?

em"ck*mincSemIlKat'sin?

bu"En¶! critExµreyIg!!! eGIeFÃIem"cebIvaGIcwgBIkMeNItmkehIyenaH!!! EkBuMVn! xÆ¬Mmind·gCa

eQµaHNaenAk~¬g¨kumNaeT Edl¨bugsmÂab'elak sWg-g"ukfaj'enaH bu"En¶xÆ¬MeC¯fa G~kenaHk*KW

CaExµrEdr.

- «f©TI 3 kJïa 1972 eVHeq~ate¨CéserIssPaCati

- «f©TI 17 kJïa 1972 eVHeq~ate¨CéserIs¨BWTìsPa :

eBlTSgenaHVn¨b¨Bwti¶eTAeday¨sçl .

luHdl'cUlmkExtula 1972 mankarkt'sMKal'mYyeTot KW«f©TI 14 tula 1972

KN:mån¶Irbs'elak sWg-gu"kfaj' tSgeLIgeday¨kwtélx 187/72 PRK «f©21mIna1972

Vndak'Jk´suMlaElg cMeJHelakesna¨bmux ln'-nl' .

elakesna¨bmux¨bFanaFibtIVncat'[elak hg§-Funhak' GKðelxaFikarKNbk§

sgðmsaFarNrd½[erobcMKN:rd½mån¶Ifµé. KN:rd½mån¶IfµéekIteLIgeday¨kwtélx 785/72

PRK cuH«f© 15 tula 1972 maneTsrd½mån¶I 4 rUb, rd½mån¶Ifµé 11 rUb nigrd½elxaFikar 5 rUb .

- «f© 17 tula KN:rd½mån¶Ifµé VnbgúajxÂçncMeJHshsPa.

ehIyTSgGs'K~a cab'eFÃIkarteTA edaymansgô·mfaVnce¨mIn¨sukeTs.

srubk~¬gq~S 1972 eyIgEbkVk'K~ay"agxÂSg ehIypèÂvCatielx 1 BIG~kelOgeTAsÃay

erog eyIgeTAElgrYc TIext¶ TI¨kugrYjcUlk~¬gbn¶icm¶g .

eyIgcUlmkk~¬gq~S 1973.

eyIgral'K~aeC¯fa ¨bEhlCaeyIgEqítqín'nwgerOg¨bTUsr"ay eCrK~a Vtukmµ kUdkmµ síI

eTotehIy. bu"En¶cSemIl?

«f©TI 27 mkra 1973 GaemrikSgnigyYnxageCégcuHhtÄelxaQb'cºSgenAyYnxag

tºèg. elakesna¨bmuxExµr bJØa[TahanenAk~¬gbnæayTuk{kas[yYnxageCégdkT&BeTA

¨sçl@ ecjeTAv^j.

eyIgmanBnÂWsgô·m! bu"En¶¨sab'Et¨Bwb@ BYk«¨BkånæwbT&Brd½aPiVlesæIr¨Kb'kEnÂg eFÃI[

sÂab'Exµrekµgcas'eTÃelIsedém! xageNH¨Kab'Ebk xageNaHp¶k'cUl ! bUkK~aeTAm"d½@ TSgPUmi !

nrNacaj'? nrNaQ~H? eqÂIyfa Exµrcaj'TSgGs'K~a ! enHerOgcºSg. äerOgkicÍkarrd½v^j

elakkug§Iy_kicÍkaresd½kicÍnighirJïvtÄ¬ t¨mèv[eLIg«fÂe¨bg²nìn: k*dUcCadas'GaKmcintemÂIg

56

«fÂGIva"n'¨Kb'C÷BUk¨Bwb@ dUcTwkcal'TMnb'. buKðliksik§aExµrGt'¨TSBuMVn k*ep¶émeFÃIkUdkmµ («f©

10-2-73) K¨KwkeLIg ¨Kèbe¨g¿nQb'be¨g¿nsis§ e¨JHbJúa¨bkYtnwgTMnijeLIg«fÂ. k~¬g«f©

TI 23 kum: em"ag 8 knÂH¨Bwk enAmhav^Tál&yKruekasl´, KN:kmµkarc¨muHtMNag¨Kb'¨kb

x&NëbuKðliksik§aExµrEdlmanelak esg-bßunfn Ca¨bFan nigman¨Kèbe¨g¿n¨bmaN 400

nak'rYmpg VneFÃIsn~isITsarBtámans¶IGMBIeKalbMNgd*Bit¨Vkd «nkUdkmµrbs'buKðlik

sik§aExµr.

elak esg-bußnfn buKðliksik§aeFÃIkUdkmµenH edaysar¨kBHEdl¨bTSg¨beTIsnwg

erOgeLIg«fÂTMnij¨Kb'sareBI. ebIrd½aPiVlminedaH¨sayeT kUdkmµnwgbn¶eTAeTot!

erOgkUdkmµVnlatEvgteTA G~kxÂHkan'eCégfa¨KèeFÃIenH¨tèv e¨JHfa¨beyaCn_rYm ¨tèvEt

TamTar. G~kxÂHfa BYkelak¨Kè G~k¨KèeFÃIenHminsm e¨JHebITamTarpg be¨g¿nsis§pgeTAva

em"c? elgTmÂak'karecal Tuk[kUnExµrKµanv^CØae¨JHerOgTamTarenaH vaminsÂab'ehIy? kUnExµr

eP¿sBI«¨B, kUnG~k¨krehmrham kUneKkUnägEdlKµan¨Vk'kasnwgCYlsalaeronenaH vamin

enAEtxÃak'BeBImeTAehIy? CamYyK~anwgkUneyIgral'K~aenApæH, enA Lycée Descartes eKbe¨g¿n

K¨Kwk rYckUnecAefAEkcinFM@ G~kFM@ eKman¨Kèbe¨g¿ndl'pæH xÂHsuMeTAeronrhUtbreTs. BYk

Gs'enaHecHd·g¨tLb'mkv^j ecAhÃayeyIgeTot ! eTANavaElºg!

enA«f©GaTit´ TI4 mIna 1973, enAsalmeha¨sbTenÂVsak' manebIksm&y¨bCu÷mYy

BiPak§as¶IBIbJúaTMnijeLIg«fÂenaH eqÂIytbnwgkUdkmµbuKðliksik§a. Gs'elakG~kFM man

elak ln'-Nun, Giut-Fuy, sapun-sar"asIu, fac'-Ca, Ekv-mu"g¨KI, L¬g-but¶a, sußm-QMu.

niyayeTAniyaymkKµand÷eNaH¨sayGÃInS[kk'ek¶AesaHeLIy. ehIyEdlnS[elak ln'-

Nun ek¶A¨khmmuxenaH KWman¨Kèbe¨g¿nm~ak'ecaTelakfa elakman 92 landulÂar U.S. epÆéenA

VMgsÃIs Banque Suisse !

huW s¶ab'eTAQWkºal .

erOgenHminTan'cb'pg elcerOgelakpûay1 Gußg-j"c ecAhÃayext¶kMBt THkMepÂ¿g

elak¨Kè Kg'-lIm, mkeTot ¨Kè@ k*rMCUleLIgeTot. elakGPiVl¨kugeyIgyl'faEbbmin

¨sçl k*eFÃIdéka¨kug«f© 14 mIna 1973 ham¨Vmmin[eFÃIVtukmµep¶sp¶as !

bu"En¶man¨bsiTìPaBäNa? «f©TI 17 mIna 1973 manmITIg¨Kèbe¨g¿nK¨KwkKe¨Kg enA

mhav^Tál&yKruekasl´, manbdaCae¨cIn¨bqSgnwgrd½aPiVl dUcCafa : G~kd·knSelµaPGM

Nac + xÃHsmtÄPaB = kb'xÂçnäg, Caedém .

em"ag 11 CtQb'¨bCu÷eTAehIy k*¨sab'Et këSg! sÂab' 2 nak' rbYse¨cInnak' ! pæ¬H

¨Kab'Ebk !

- ehIy¨Bwti¶karN_FMbMput esæIr¨kLab'Epndék~¬g«f©dEdlenaH KWevlaem"ag 1 knÂH «f©

¨tg' ¨sab'Et këSg! këSg! BIr¨Kab'Ekºrrbgv^mansaFarNrd½cMkarmn! yn¶ehaH T 28 ebIkbr

edayeQµaH s-Pu¨ta Edlfa¨tèvCaGtItsÃamInagbTumbuV¹ VnTMlak'¨Kab'EbkenH sMedA

elak¨bFanaFibtI ln'-nl' EdlevlaenaHk*man¨bCu÷KN:rd½mån¶Ipg.

57

k~¬g«f©enaHmankarbnæan'@ Cab'@ K~a. bnæab'BITMlak'¨Kab'EbkenHPÂam elak¨bFanaFibtI

ln'-nl' EfÂgsar¨Vb'raås¶[rYbrYmK~a rYcelakEfÂg¨bkasPaBGasn~ ¨beTsCatisÄitenA

k~¬gPyn¶ray, elak KS-er"t rd½mån¶IeXasnakar EfÂgGMBIv^FankarkarJr ehIy[raås¶enA[

es©¿mkuMPÆak'epíél, elak efag-lwmhYg eFÃIsn~isITkaEst, ehIybMrameKacr¨bkasBIem"ag

21 dl'em"ag 5 PÂW.

¨Bwti¶karN_e¨cInesíksûH rkkt'minTan'. bnæab'mkmankarcab'BBYkes¶cXMumYykEnÂg.

bnæab'mk ExµreyIgk*ehAkV"l'ehaHGaemrikSg [cUlmkCYyTmÂak'¨Kab'EbkenACu÷v^jrd½FanIP~M

eBjEtm¶g e¨JHeBlenaHyYnnigExµrxagmÅageTotenaH cUlmkkan'Etekoknwg¨kugP~MeBj

Nas'eTAehIy dUcenAGriyk§¨tenHCaedém.

bu"En¶EbbFUrbn¶icmkv^j.

«f©TI 17 emsa 1973 elak nl'-nl' EfÂgsarC÷rabraås¶GMBIcMNg'nigbMNgrbs'

elakk~¬gkarbegûét¨kum¨bwk§aCan'xõs'xagneyaVymYy ( Un Haut Conseil Politique ) s¨mab'kan'

kab'kard·knSrYmK~a cMeJHbJúaFM@ rbs'Cati.

s¶ab'JkénH shsPaeBl¨bCu÷eBjGgðCasmaCsPak~¬gsm&y¨bCu÷v^samJïenA«f©

cnæ TI 23 emsa 1973 sMerccit¶KS¨TmuWgma"t'nUvKMnitB¨gékmUld½anneyaVyenH ehIyedémºI

Gnuvt¶nUvkmµv^FIenH rd½aPiVlBiess ¨tèvVnGnuJïat[cat'v^FankartambJïti¶k~¬gry: 3 Ex.

«f© 24 emsa 1973 elak ln'-nl' EfÂgsarC÷rabExµrGMBIsmasPaBÓt¶m¨kum¨bwk§a

neyaVy.

1- píaksm&y¨bCu÷«nsPaCatinig¨BwTìsPas¨mab'ry:eBl 6 Ex.

2- begûétKN:kmµaFikarmYymaneQµaHfa Ót¶m¨kum¨bwk§aneyaVy EdlmanPar:

CYyelak¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½ k~¬gkicÍkard·knS¨beTsCati.

R R

R

k~¬gry:eBlCt 6 ExenH Ót¶m¨kum¨bwk§aneyaVy Ga¨s&yedaysemÂg«nelak¨b

FanaFibtIsaFarNrd½Exµr nwgeFÃIesck¶Ise¨mcep§g@ Edlnwg¨tèv[rd½aPiVlBiessGnuvt¶.

karcat'tSgnigkar¨b¨Bwt¶eTA «nÓt¶m¨kum¨bwk§aneyaVy nwg¨tèvkMNt'edaybJïti¶

«nelak¨bFanaFibtIsaFarNrd½.

mkdl'¨tg'enH eyIgdUcCaVnsbºay tºitVneXIjGs'elakvrCnTSgGs' VnrYb

rYmK~aeLIgv^jdUc¨Vf~a.

bu"En¶mknwkq©l'¨tg'eNHbn¶ic KW«f©TI 2 ÓsPa 1973 KN:rd½mån¶Ielak hg§-Fun

hak' VnlaElg ehIy«f©TI 16 ÓsPa 1973 elak Giun-tS EdlCasmaCkÓt¶m¨kum¨bwk§a

neyaVyenaH ¨sab'Ets¨mutxÂçncuHmkerobcMKN:rd½mån¶Ibn¶BIelak hg§-Funhak' ehIy

58

cMeJHerOgenH xÆ¬MsUmrMlwkeLIgv^jbn¶icfa KN:rd½mån¶I¨sukExµreyIgdUcCapÂas'b¶èrjwkjab'

eBk rkEtnwgTTYlxus¨tèvcMeJH¨bvti¶saås¶[VnCak'cºas'¨Vkd¨bCaBuMTan'. KitemIlcuH

tamEdlxÆ¬Mkt'¨ta : BIExkum: 1958 dl'ExmIna 1970 eyIgmanKN:rd½mån¶I 45 elIk Edl

k~¬genH manKN:rd½mån¶IKNbk§ 20 elIk KN:rd½mån¶Isgðmraås¶niym 25 elIk. ehIy

naykrd½mån¶IeXIjEtmnus§dEdl@ e¨cInelIkdUcCaj"amej¿nEtzan:enHy"agem"cmind·g Et

kar mineXIjce¨mIneTAmuxesaH pÂas'cuHpÂas'eLIg mnus§dEdl@ edér¨C÷ueCégelIdancas'

dEdl@ mineXIjQaneTAmuxesaH. tSgBIq~S 1948 dl'q~S 1970 maneQµaHmnus§Edl

manvasnaeFÃInaykenaH 17 nak' dUcCasIhnu 15 elIkm~ak'äg sem¶c Eb"n-nut 6 elIkm~ak'

äg. Gußm-eQogsußn nig nerat¶m-kn¶¬l 3 elIkm~ak'. ehIykalnItikalTI 1 «nsPaCati

enaH naykrd½mån¶Imanelak Qan-v"m, Eb"n-nut, Ey"m-sMbUr, eGov-ekIs. nItikalTI 2

manelak hußy-knì¬l.

eXIjfa vrCnExµrTSgenaH layc¨muHK~aTSgG~kelµaPGMNac Gjniym ekAGIniym

p¶ac'karniym ¨BmTSgG~kCatiniymxÂHpg.

karpÂas'b¶èrehIyv^leTAv^lmk FÂak'eTAelIEtbuKðlm~ak'@ nigBYk¨kumm~ak'@ enHehIy

EdlTukdUcCaTmÂab'm´"agrbs'G~kkan'GMNac¨sukExµr ehIyEdleK¨bkan'faCaTmÂab' ÇlíÈ

rbs'eKeTot.

ehIymkdl'¨tg'enH xÆ¬MsUmbJÍab'kMNt'rbs'xÆ¬MeBlenHcuH EtsUm[Gs'elakG~k

GanBicarNaeLIgv^j tSgBIe¨kay¨Bwti¶karN_ 18 mIna 1970 rhUtmkdl'enH etIeyIgbMpÂaj

eBl[xUcTeT@ eTAbu"Nöa? eyIg¨beQÂaHK~a¨bxSK~a Kµanem Kµanekay Gs'eBlbu"nµan? etI

eyIgGacnwgriHKn'karEbkVk'd*Ga¨sèvenHVnEdreT?

sUmGs'elakG~kemt¶aKit ehIyeqÂIycMeJHerOgenHpgcuH. etI critExµr eyIgGacpÂas'

xÂHVneT? edémºIksagsaFarNrd½teTAeTotenaH?

R

R R

59

Gnusasn_

60

KMnit ÇmanEtGjÈ

manvrCnxÂH EdleFÃICa¨bFanGgð¨bCu÷NamYy sbºayNas'nwgniyayEbkCaGUrhUr

Casæwg rhUtdl'eTA¨C¬lerOgxusrebobvar:eTAk*man. beJÍjeyabl'mksuTìEtbJØak'fa Kit

enaH¨twm¨tèvehIy eyabl'enaHlíehIy [smaCkGgð¨bCu÷Gnum&ttamcuH. kalebImansma

CkNaC÷Tas' ÉsuMCUneyabl'xÂHenaH rEmgEtgminsbºaycit¶esaHeLIy e¨JHTMlab'Gatµa

ägenaHecHEtemIlgayeK faeKminekIteT eKmindl'xÂçneT eKl©g', äxÂçnv^jKWCaG~kecHe¨CA¨CH

CabJïv&n¶ Camnus§kMBUl KMnitrbs'xÂçnCaKMniteB¨C KMnitrbs'G~kd«TCaKMnitkak minVnkar

min¨tèvmkbeJÍjGÃIeT.

KMnitÇGjniymÈenH CaKMnitp¶ashYsehtu BIe¨JHeKäeTotk*Camnus§manv^carN-

JïaNEdr FÂab'¨tiHriHrkehtuplk~¬gerOgNamYyEdr eKecHd·gmYyEbb eyIgecHd·gmYyEbb

¨tèvbeJÍjeyabl'pg edémºIrklTìpllí[Ggð¨bCu÷ ÉsmaKm. BIe¨JHtamFmµta sUmºIG~k

silº:dUcK~a k*minGacTTYlPar:eFÃIkar[VnsBÃ¨Kb'Etm~ak'ägVneT va¨tèvEtG~krVMBUEkxag

rS G~kKUrBUEkxagKUr G~kePÂgBUEkxagePÂg mYymux@ Biess@ edayxÂçn vaminEmnG~krVMecHrS

ehIyecHKUr ecHelgePÂgsBÃ¨Kb'enaHeT Ék*G~kePÂgecHTSgKUrTSgrSErkenaHeT. m~ak'@ man

v^CØaCév:Bit¨Vkdeday@ xÂçn. y"agNamij eyIg¨bFan eyIgecHd·gtamsmtÄPaBeyIg äeK

äeTot eKk*mancMeNHGÃIep§g s¨mab'niyay[eyIgs¶ab'Edr KYrEteyIg[eKniyaypg s¶ab'

eKpg e¨JHtamsegûtmk Fmµta¨bFanGgð¨bCu÷e¨cInEtyl'elIkarTUeTA äkarkMbuikkMbu"k kMeTc

kMTIrayrgenaH eKsmaCkeKyl'eKd·g.

enA¨beTsExµreyIg e¨cInEtG~kmant¨miHecHd·g mansJïab&¨tFM@ ecjmkBIbreTs

mknS[xUcreboberobryk~¬gsgðmExµr BIe¨JHEtelakniyayenAk~¬geBl¨bCu÷m¶g@ e¨cInEtGYt

fa enAGWru"bÉenAGasIuTÃIb eKe¨cInEte¨bIrebobdUcelakBn´l'CUnenHäg ¨tg'BitÉminBit e¨sc

Etelakd*mhimaenaH GFibºayerobrab'eTAtamkaryl'rbs'buKðlenaHeT minEmnCav^CØaEdl

VneronenaHykmkBn´l'enaHeT KWCaeyabl'm~ak'@ eTetI. bu"En¶K~aEdlmant¨miHtictYcs¶çc

es¶Ig minhßanCUneyabl' edayxÂacG~kmant¨miHenaHemIlgayxÂçn ! enHehIycritExµrsm&y

stvt§r_TI 20 enH sMKal'emIlcuH G~kEdlVnd·knSmun@ knÂgmkenH e¨cInEtGatµaniym

manEtGjeTIbd·knS¨beTsCatieTAVn KµanbN¶¬Hcit¶rYbrYmCYyBn´l'CUneyabl' eXIj¨tèv

ehIynSK~aeFÃItamenaHeT manticNas' e¨cInEt¨bCu÷rYccb'Etm¶g ¨tg'Gnuvt¶eTAtamenaH sUn´

Etm¶g. enHehIy¨bCu÷e¨cInVnkartic ¨beTscMerInlUtlas' eK¨bCu÷ticeFÃIkarVne¨cIn eTIb

eTAmuxVn xÆ¬MsMKal'emIlmkeXIjEbbenHe¨cIn.

61

ehtuenH eyIgKYrGnuelams¶ab'semÂg s¶ab'eyabl'rbs'smaCkäeTotxÂHpg. kuM

GjniymeBk.

KMnitlYcykeyabl'eK

manCnCatieyIgxÂH cUlcit¶ykeyabl'G~kd«TmkeFÃICaeyabl'ägpæal' CaehtunS[

G~kbeJÍjeyabl'Elgcg'beJÍjeyabl'xÂçnteTAeTot. beJÍjeFÃIGÃI ebI¨bFan ebImit¶enaH

ykeyabl'xÂçneTAeFÃICaeyabl'eKeTAehIy. dUcy"ageQµaH muI VnCUneyabl'enAeBl¨bCu÷

FM ehIyGgð¨bCu÷Vnyl'¨sbTSg¨sug. dl'eBlse¨mc ¨sab'EtVt'eQµaH muI eTAecj

eQµaH su¨k-esAr_ äNaäeNaHeTAv^j.

kalBIC÷nan'cas' sem¶csIhnuEtgsæg'eyabl'enAGgð¨bCu÷ral'eBl ehIyc¨maj'

ykeyabl'Na 4-5 Edllí@ mk E¨skfa : ebItameyabl'xÆ¬M KYrEteFÃIy"agenHy"agenaH.

¨tg'fa ebIeFIÃtamelakenH elakenaH ÉeFÃItameyabl'elakenHelakenaH EdlKat'sresr

k~¬gesovePAenHenaH CaehtunS[mÍas'eyabl'enaHK~aeBjcit¶pgenaH ²tfaeT fasuTìEtCa

KMnitäg eyabl'äg. ebIrvl'dUec~H etInrNanwgCYy[eyabl'lí@ eTot?

KMnitlYceyabl'eKenH lµmGs'elakxÂHpÂas'ecjehIy.

KYrEtBie¨KaHsaksYr

manvrCnxÂHVneFÃIFMehIy enAminTan'ecHrebobedkedérQrGgð¬y tamEbbbTCaExµrenA

eLIyeT e¨cInEte¨bIGakbºkiriya ²riyabfqðg@ minsm. TSg¨bBnìTSgb¶I enAEbbCaCn

samJïFmµtatyg"yeTA.

edémºIsmrmńwgzan:eyIg EdlCaG~kCYyd·knS¨beTsCati KbºIeyIgBie¨KaHsaksYr

Gs'elakcas'TuM kan'TMenomTMlab'CatiqíineqíA [elakCYyENnSBn´l'pg eTIblí. BIe¨JH

eyIgG~kFM KWCatMNagCatimYyEp~k kuMeyIg¨cegg¨cgagqðg@ enaH etagEtKitmunnwgeFÃIGÃI@ fa

GatµaGjCatMNagCatiExµrTSgmUl ebIGatµaGjeFÃIxus KWnS[CatibreTsemIlgayCatiExµr

TSgmUlEtm¶g. má"geTot breTsk*dUcCaBiVkyl'sPaBTn'PÂn'rbs'CatiExµrxÂSgNas'.

FMehIyKbºIykcas'TuMCaTI¨bwk§axÂHeTIblí. eyIgVneFÃIFMedayt¨miHv^CØa BuMEmnedayecHd·g

TMenomTMlab'¨b«BNIeT dUec~HeyIgkuMGYtfaeyIgecH eyIgyl'TMenomTMlab'¨b«BNIExµrenaH.

62

KMnitxÂacneyaVy

manvrCneyIgxÂH xÂacneyaVyTSgxÂçnägkMBugsÄitenAk~¬ugrgÃg'neyaVy. rd½karcat'

[eTAkan'karneyaVyedémºICYy¨beTsCatixÂçn EtEbrCaeTAniyaynwgCnbreTsenaHfa : xÆ¬M

síb'neyaVyNas' xÆ¬MsuMEtrs'eT xÆ¬MminecHeFÃIneyaVyeT ! .

s¶ab'cuH ! ebImanmnus§rebobh~wge¨cInnak' ¨beTsCatimuxCanwgBiVkBuMxan. KYrq©l' !

ebIfaxÂacneyaVyehIy em¶ceLIyk*eTAsµ&¨KsuMeK eTAenAeFÃIkar¨tg'kEnÂgEdleKkMBugeFÃI

neyaVy? enHehIycritExµr! Edlcg'EtFM EtminecHd·gmuxgarrbs'ägfa¨tèveFÃIGÃI. ÉmYy

yl'fakEnÂgenaHCakEnÂgxÂaj'¨sçlGj¨bmUldulÂarykmkeFÃImanVn? {! ebIKitEbbenH xÆ¬M

sUmGgÃr ! e¨JHrbrrksuIs¨mab'manVnenaHmanKreKak ecjeTArksIueTA kuMelgykkEnÂg

EdleK¨tèveFÃIneyaVy mkeFÃICakEnÂgC÷nYjenaH min¨sçleT ! ¨by&t~kÂayeTACacmº"a rsat'

dUcck kUnecArk¨sukenAnwgeKKµan. ¨tèvEteyIgbN¶¬HsµartICaG~kneyaVy¨Kb'@ K~a [KMrU

dl'kUnecAeyIgt@ eTAeTot kuM[xÂacneyaVy [¨sLaj'neyaVy ¨sLaj'¨sukeTs

ksag¨sukeTsedayxÂçnäg. kuMVc'BwgnrNa[mkedérneyaVyCYs ksag¨sukCYsenaH !

KµanbreTsNaeKmancit¶lí cg'CYyedérneyaVyCYsExµr ksag¨sukExµrCYsExµreT ! ebIfa

cg'ykpl¨beyaCn_BIExµrenaH vaEmn !

erOgbreTsenH cas'TuMbrmburaNeyIgVncgCasuPasitfa : kuMTukcit¶breTs kMuTuk

cit¶GPienås¶m_ kMuTukcit¶GPi¨Vy. BIrXÂaxage¨kayTak'TgnwgerOgep§g@ äXÂaTI 1 xagedém KW

elak¨bedAeyIgy"agcºas'fa [eyIg¨by&t~[Nas'cMeJHCnbreTsenH BIe¨JHKµanbr-

eTsNaesµaH¨tg'nwgeyIgesaHeLIy. breTsNaEdlCYyeyIg EdlhucPs¶¬tagfaeKBit

CaesµaHenaH k*e¨JHEt¨beyaCn_eKBitCa¨tèvVnBIeyIgenHeTAEdr. Ék*ehacNas'¨beyaCn_

eyIgnigeKva¨sbK~a eK¨tèvEtrYmnwgeyIgeTA.

KMnitsgswksYrBUC

enAk~¬gsgðmmnus§eCOnelOn mnus§v^Tásaås¶ eKEtgsðal'KnÂgyuti¶FmálíNas'.

enAk~¬gsgðmExµr eyIgKµankarGb'rMmnus§[sðal'KnÂgyuti¶Fmá mnus§FmáeT. mnus§e¨cInEteFÃI

tamEtxÂçnnwkeXIjÉk*ecHEtedértamKMnit«¨B«p§sm&yburaN EdlcUlcit¶EtsmÂab'bMVt'BUC

enaHEtm¶g. KMnitEdlcUlcit¶smÂab'bMputBUCenaH PaKe¨cIn KWCaKMnites¶cEdlCaG~kkan'

GMNac. manerOgsm&yburaNe¨cInNas' EdlniyayBIkarkab'smÂab'enH. es¶cmÅagkal

EdlcºSgQ~HsmÂab'es¶cmÅagVnehIyenaH minenAes©¿meT [eBCÎXattamcab'smÂab'bu¨ta

63

bu¨tIes¶cmÅageTot[v^nassUnéTAeTot. äBYkes¶cmÅagEdlbraC&yenaH EtgEtrt'cUl«¨B

sn§MkmÂSg Ék*rt'eTAehAbreTs[cUlmkCYykMcat'es¶cEdlQ~HenaHv^j ehIykab'smÂab'

bMVt'BUCK~am¶gv^j. emÂa"HehIy karsmÂab'bMVt'BUCK~ak*dUcCaeTACaTmÂab'TMenom¨bcSvg§k§¨t

y"agFmµta. dUec~HG~kNaEdld·gxÂçnfacaj'enaH EtgCJØènkUnecArt'cUl«¨B Ék*eTAenAä

breTs ehIyebIman{kaslí es¶ccaj'enaHminjejItesaHeLIy k~¬gkarsgswkcMeJHes¶c

Q~H.

KMnitenaHmanmkyUrstvt§r_ehIy KYrEtbMVt'ecj bu"En¶k~¬gsm&ysIhnu enAk~¬gst-

vt§r_TI 20 enH k*enAeXIjmandEdl. G~kkan'GMNacenH kalebI[eKcab'ykrUbbuKðlNa

m~ak' Edl¨bqSgnwgneyaVyxÂçnykeTAdak'KukehIy BuMEmncb'¨twmh~wgeT [eKCékòsCék

Kl'¨sav¨CavrkEx§¨sLaybuKðlCab'ecaTenaHteTAeTot cab'ykkUn¨bBnìK~amkeFÃIeTas

Gs'mYyBUC. CYnkalkUneFÃIxusmineFÃIeTasEtkUneT cab'dl'eTAÒBukK~a CédUnCétaK~aEfmeTA

eTot. CYnkal¨Kan'EtCaBYkm"akePOnPk¶i k*¨tèvEtVnTTYleTasEdr. enHehIyCaerOgKMnit

sgswkGs'mYyBUC.

KMnitEbbenHBuMEmnCaKMnitkILaeT CaKMnitkMsakefakTab.

cab'BIenHteTA eyIgenAk~¬grbbsaFarNrd½¨bkbedaylTiì¨bCaFibetyéhIy KbºI

G~kkan'GMNacrd½emt¶alHbg'KMnitG¨biyenaHecjeTA. sUm[mansuPv^nicÏ&y sUm[manyuti¶

Fmá kMuykkMhwgKMnMuKMuKYnpæal'xÂçnmkbgûr[ekItGKtienAk~¬gsgðm[esaH G~kkan'GMNacrd½man

sµartIesµaHelIyuti¶FmánigGhig§a eTIb¨bCaCnVnsuxkaysbºaycit¶ ehIyrwtEt¨sLaj'

Tukcit¶cMeJHG~kkan'GMNacenaH karJrG~kkan'GMNacenaHedayPk¶IPaB¨Kb'K~a CaehtunS[

mansamKðIeLIg eFÃIkarGÃIk*Vn²tTeTIsTETgrYjraesaHeLIy.

KMnitpÍaj'pÍal

enA¨beTssuIv^l&y eKmancit¶kILa¨bcSxÂçn. Tas'ETg vaytb'K~a k*eKeFÃIedaymancit¶

kILa eKBuMEmnpÍaj'K~aedayGMeBI«¨B«p§eT. cit¶kILaenaHy"agem"c? sUmelIkÓTahrN_cMeJH

EterOgvaytb'K~amkeJl. Twkcit¶kILaenaHKWfa m~ak'@ eKminEdllbkab' lb¨bharcMeJH

KUs¨tèveT eKEtg¨bkasedayecjmux Vnesck¶Ifa eKehAKUs¨tèvrbs'eKenaH [cUlmk

¨byuTìeday¨tg'@. eBl¨byuTìenaH eBlKU¨byuTìrbs'eK¨tèvdYlcuHedaycaj'kmÂSgrbs'eK

enaH eKEtgbgíg'«deCégsincS[KU¨byuTìenaHegébeLIgtsUßteTAeTot, Ék*eKEtgEtCYyelIkKU

¨byuTìenaH[egébeLIgehIysYrfa : em"cägGactsUßnwgeyIgteTAeTotVneT? ebIKU¨byuTìenaH

fatsUßVn eK¨byuTìK~ateTAeTot. ebIKU¨byuTìenaHfasuMQb'ehIy eKk*CYybeVsGEgíl

niyayedayJkÉpímElúmfa : eGI eyIgQb'Tas'K~a¨twmeNHcuH ! eKKµanbn¶¬Hbgíab'eday

Jk´bJÎWcit¶dUec~HdUec~aHeT. ExµreyIgv^j tamEdlFÂab'eXIj FÂab'd·g BuMdUec~aHeT dal'tb'K~a

64

ebIdal'KU¨byuTìrbs'eKdYlehIy BuMenAes©¿meT eKsæ¬HeTATat'Fak'EfmeTot CYnkalTat'Fak'

Tal'EtG~kcaj'enaHsnÂb'Vt'mat'Ék*sÂab'eTApgk*man. KWfa eKKµaneBlniyaytamrebob

kILaGÃIeT EdlehAfaQ~Hs¨mab'eK KWTal'EtKU¨byuTìenaHdYlsnÂb'Ék*sÂab'eTA ebIfaenArs'

eT ¨Kan'EtdYleKyl'faBuMTan'Q~HeT. enHägcritExµr.

etIEdlehAfaQ~HenaH vasiÄtenAelIeyIgTat'Fak'KU¨byuTìEdlBMuVnt«desaH[snÂb'

É[sÂab'BitEmnÉ? BMuEmndUec~HTSgGs'eT vasÄitenAelIJk´suMcuHcaj'rbs'KU¨byuTìäeNH

eT. e¨JHfaCYnkalKU¨byuTìenaHPÂat'es~¿tEtbn¶ic eyIgkac'eKbMVk'eTA ehIyG~kcaj'suMcuH

caj'ehIymin¨tèvbN¶¬HKMnMunwgKUs¨tèvrbs'xÂçnenaHteTAeToteT KYrEtQb'¨twmeBlenaH enA«f©

e¨kayKYrsmK~aCaFmµta eTIb¨tèvtammnus§Fmá.

eyIgEdlQ~HeK edayvayeKEfmk~¬geBleKdYlehIyenH Ga¨kk'emIlBn'eBkNas'

vaminEmnCaG~kmankILaGÃIbn¶icesaH.

erOgGa¨kk'mYyeTot Edlmnus§kILaeKmin¨b¨Bwti¶esaH KWerOglbkab' lbcak'K~a BI

xage¨kayx~g. Tl'muxnwgeKBuMekIt elgtampÂèvs©at'. GMeBIenHCaGMeBIefakTab Edlmnus§

samJïeKfa BuMEmnCa ÇG~kelgÈ EmnETneT KWCaG~kEkÂgkÂay, kMsakjIlbkab'BIe¨kay,

KµanG~kNaeKsresIr eK[t«mÂfakÂahan famuHmuteT.

xÆ¬McUlcit¶[G~kelgTSgGs' TSgG~kelgkab'cak' TSgG~kelgneyaVy emt¶akan'

cit¶kILa, eQÂaHK~amYyTl'mYykuM¨BYtK~a, kab'cak', ¨bqSgecjmux kuMelglbBIe¨kay eFÃIy"ag

enHcaj'Q~HlíemIl saFarNCn[t«mÂ ! pæ¬yBIenH elgElºgkMsak KµannrNasresIreT

saFarNCnes¶aHTwkmat'dak'[edaysíb'exõImBuMxan !

KMnitelaPBe¨gcB¨gwl

manGs'elakG~kFMxÂHeFÃIkarenAEx¨te¨kA rd½kar[eKhd½ans~ak'enAedaysmrm´ ä

Cu÷v^jeKhd½anenaHk*mand÷NSd÷eNac¨Kb'sBÃ manrukÅpldUg sÂa lµ¬t x~¬r sÃay eckCaedém

manEpÂreyagryans¨mab'ebHGa¨s&y²txÃH. «f©mYyelakenaHäg ¨tèvrd½karpÂas'[eTAenA

kEnÂgfµé Ex¨tmYyep§geTot elakenaHägmancit¶elaPln'²tmanxµasesaHeLIy d·gfaxÂçn

Gs'VnenATIenHehIy tSg[kUn¨bBnìebHd÷NSd÷eNacd÷Lèg dUg sÂaenaHGs'rlIgesæIrEtKµan

sl'k¶wb, sIupglk'pg eFÃIy"agem"c[EtxagGs' kuM[G~kmkenAe¨kayVnsuIpg. minEt

bu"eNöaH clnvtÄ¬Edlrd½karTijTuk[e¨bI¨Vs'k~¬geKhd½anenaH k*mån¶IenaHxÍb'evcd·kCJØènGs'

Edr. G~kmkenAxÃHGÃIxÃHeTA Gjmind·geT ! GaNae¨bIpÂas'GjeFÃIGI? enHKMnitc«¨gBe¨gc

B¨g·lCatiKYr[síb'exõImbMput.

äG~kEdlmkenAe¨kay tSgxÃHenHxÃHenaH¨tdab¨tdYs TMrSEtVn¨sçl K~aevTnamin

Emntic. erOgenHCacritmá"grbs'elakFMCatiExµr Edl¨tèvEtnSK~aC¨muHecalecjeTA KYrTuk

65

s~a«dxÂH[K~aG~ke¨kayVneXIjpg ebIKµans~a«dTukeTk*hIeTAcuH cuHEtxÂçneTAvaVnehIy kuM

elgminVnTuks~a«d[eK ehIyEfmTSg¨bmUlexæctSgBIeck d÷Lèg dUg sÂa rbs'rd½eTA

eTotenaH minlíeT !

KMnitc«¨g

xÆ¬MVnsegûteXIj ¨Kb'kEnÂgEdlman¨VsaTburaN, rUbeKa, rUbnaK nigssrfµxÂH

¨tèvEqbxUg@ xUcVt'lMGGs' edaysarCnc«¨gecHEtykkSbitBUefAeTAsMelogelIrUbfµTSg

enaH. ebIrUbTSgenaHenACtmat'¨tJMg CtpÂèvedérpg k*rwtEtercrwlxUge¨CANas'eTAeTot xÂH

Vk'dac'Vt'eTAEtm¶g. mkBICnKµanKMnitTSgenaHgay«deBkNas' ykkSbitBUefABIpæHeTA«¨B

minsMelog[ehIyeT cSdl'«¨B¨tg'manrUbfµenaH tSgykrUbfµenaHCafµsMelogEtm¶g. CYn

kalenAäpæHenaHKµanfµsMelogpgeT GagEtfµenAä«¨B cSeTAsMelogä«¨BenaHEtm¶g. mkBI

kMClF©n'eBkNas' eTIbVnCaminrvl'rksBÃebIfµmYydu÷s¨mab'sMelogkSbitenaH. ehIyebI

lyCayk elgykssrfµcmÂak' rUbeKa nigsilacarwkeTATuksMelogEtm¶g.

ä¨BHsgôxÂHEdlmanvt¶enACt¨VsaT elakxÂacVbEmn minhßanedérknÂgtYGk§reT

edayeC¯fatYGk§rmYytY@ KWsuTìEtCa¨BH bu"En¶cMeJHpæSgsilacarwkv^j elakEbrCaykmk

dak'enAeCégCeN¶Irnimn¶eLIgcuH¨Begéy.

mkBIGÃIVnCadUec~H? mkBIelakminyl't«mÂ«npæSgsilacarwkenaHesaH sµanEtCafµ

Fmµta ragvarabesµIlµm¨T¨Tnab'eCégVn k*«ltamh~wgeTA. äBYkG~ksMelogkSbitBUefAelIrUb

eta rUbnaK k*dUec~aHEdr KWmkBIBYkenaHminyl'nUvt«mÂvtÄ¬enaHesaHEtm¶g ehIysmebImanKMnit

xØil¨cGUspg eXIjvtÄ¬enaHCae¨KOgs¨mab'¨sçleFÃIkarGIcwgeTA k*tSgsMelogeFÃI¨Begéy.

dUec~HKMnitc«¨grbs'BYkenaH KWbN¶almkBIminyl' ehIykarminyl' KWmkBIKµanG~k

Bn´l'. ebImanG~kBn´l'[mnus§C÷BUkenHyl'erOgt«mÂvtÄ¬TSgenaH emÂa"HsmBYkenaH minsUv

Cac«¨gdl'mÂwgeT. G~kecHd·gburaNxÂH@ e¨cInhamfa ÇkuM¨bmafm¶ay kMurMlay¨BHÈ. ¨tg'

erOg¨BHKat'ecHham ärUbfµ cmÂak'fµ Edlmant«mÂdUc¨BHBuTìrUbpgEdrenaH Kat'²thameT

beN¶ay[Gn¶rayeTAcuH ebI¨tèvelaxÂac EbrCanSK~atMekIgfµmYydu÷BIrelIxæme¨kamedém«¨Cedém

eJFiäeNaHeTAv^j edéreTAelIk«dsMBHm¶g edérmkelIk«dsMBHm¶g GuCFUbEfrk§a nrNab"H

Jl'BuMVn. vaeTACapæ¬yGIcwg !

¨bsinebIKat'CYyhameTA kuM[mnus§ykpæSgsilacarwkmkedérCan'cuHeLIg kuM[

mnus§p¶as eTAsMelogkSbitelIrUbeta rUbnaKburaNeTA vamanGI? emÂ"Hsmmnus§c«¨gva

jejItxÂHEdr vamingay«deBk. enHGt'hamesaH.

dUec~H GMeNIHteTAxÆ¬Myl'fa ExµreyIgTSgcas'TSgekµg KYrcab'ep¶émBn´l'K~a[yl't«mÂ

vtÄ¬buraN[Vncºas'¨Kb'@ K~a [yl'favtÄ¬TSgenaH KWCasac'CaQamdUntaeyIgsuTìsaF KW

Ca¨semal¨Blwgrbs'buBÃbursExµrsuTì@ ¨tèvEteyIgkarJr ¨tèvEteyIg¨sLaj' kuMbeN¶ay

66

[ercrwl, min¨tèveyIgbeN¶ay[ecarCtq©aycUlmklYcykeTANa eTANIeT BIe¨JHkar

Vt'bg'vtÄ¬TSgenaH TukdUcCaVt'bg'qíwgEqígsac'QamdUntaeyIgdUec~aHEdr. [eyIgdN¶wgsYr

K~afa : etIeyIgmineBItcab'QWp§aeTÉ ebImaneKmk¨beLHsac'¨cVc'qíwgeyIgenaH?

eyIgCaExµr ¨tèvBn´l'kUnecA[yl'k~¬gn&yxagelIenH eTiIbkUnecAeyIgyl'CYyEf

rk§akarJrvtÄ¬buraNeyIgteTAVnyUrGEgÃgEvgq©ay.

cUr¨by&t~mnus§C÷nit

G~keFÃIFM¨tèv¨by&t~xÂçn CaBiesscMeJHG~kNaEdlC÷nitnwgxÂçnenaHEtm¶g BIe¨JHKWC÷nit

enaHehIyEdlnS[eyIgxUceQµaHedaysar. KWG~kenACteyIgenHehIy EdlykeQµaHeyIg

eTAlk'yk¨beyaCn_pæal'xÂçn e¨JHvaenACteyIg eKemIlmkk*eC¯TSgGs'. cMeJHG~kEdleFÃI

[eyIgxUceQµaHenaH minVc'dl'mnus§C÷nitpgeT mnus§Edl¨Kan'EtmkEGbLbnwgeyIg

ral'«f©enaH k*Gac[eyIgxUceQµaHVnEdr [Etvacg'eFÃI.

xÆ¬MnwkeXIjerOgmYy kaleNaHenAsalakat'k¶IeyIgenH mansµak¶Im~ak'buin¨bsb'vay

òkEGbGbnwgelakcaghÃagsalakat'k¶INas' ral'«f©Kat'Etgmkkan'salakat'k¶Imunelak

caghÃagCaerOy@ cSTTYld÷eNIrelakcaghÃag nigCYykan'katabsMNuMerOgrbs'elakcag

hÃagcUleTAkan'kariyal&ypg. eFÃIdUec~H edémºI[G~kekItk¶Ik¶SgTSgLay smÂwgmkyl'¨cLM

fa Kat'Camnus§Cts~iTìnwgelakcaghÃagNas' BwgJk'Kat'cuH k¶Imincaj'eKeT e¨JHKat'

sðal'caghÃagBit¨VkdNas'. luHeKeTACYbBwgJk' Kat'enaHk*tSgsYrehtusBÃ¨Kb' rYck*

tSgGFibºaycºab'hUrEhEvgq©ayeFÃI[CnmanerOgenaHs¶ab'PSg rYck*faKat'nigelakcaghÃag

Camit¶nwgK~a niyayEtmYym"at'e¨sckarPÂam suM[EtcMNaybu"eNöHbu"eNöaHmkcuH. Cnman

erOgeC¯s¶èk mineC¯äNaVnebIKat'ecHcºab'sMebImnigsðal'elakcaghÃageTotenaH. K~ak*tSg

sUkV"n'KitKUrtamJk´Bn´l'sµak¶IkMhUcenaHeTA. sµak¶IkMhUcenaHmanykeTACUnelakcag-

hÃagäNa elbEtm~ak'ägeTA. luHeKkat'eTACnEdlsUkV"n'VnQ~H k*tSgfa h~±! eXIjeT

Kat'nigcaghÃagCYyEmn! elaEbrCacaj'v^j k*eFÃICaek¶AbenæasCnsUkV"n'fa mkBIePÂcJk´

bN¶SKat' Kat'p¶S[eqÂIydUec~H G~kenaHeTACaniyaydUec~aHxUcGs' eTIbVncaj'eK. sIuluyK~a

ehIybenæasK~aeTot. äelakcaghÃagKµand·gxÂçnesaH mind·gfaG~kkan'katab[xÂçnenaH kan'

edaycg'[eKeXIj edémºIrksuIäNa elaksµanEtfasµak¶IenaHkan'[elakedayeKarBrab'Gan

elakedayesµaHEtbu"eNöaH. TMrSEtelakd·gxÂçn ehIybeN¶jsµak¶IenaH[Qb'Tak'Tg eQµaH

elakk*lºIsuHsaysnìwkfa CacaghÃagGyuti¶Fmá suIsMNUkep¶sp¶assMebIm. enH¨Kan'Et

mnus§vayEGblut¨kabeLmLWmpg vaGacykeQµaHeyIgeTACYjekIt cMNg'ebICnC÷niteyIg

eTot varwtEt¨sçlykeQµaHeyIgeTACYjNas'eTAeTot. vacg'VnlaPskûar:BIG~käeTot

Edlcg'¨V¨s&ynwgeyIg vak*tSgfa eyIg¨tèvkarenH¨tèvkarenaH cUlcit¶dUec~HdUec~aH. eKEdl

67

cg'¨V¨s&ynwgeyIgk*tSgrkrbs'enaHmk[vaeTA. CYnkalvaeFÃI[eKEdl¨bugmkrkeyIgenaH

síb'eyIg ed¿letµHeyIgtampÂèvs©at'¨Begéy e¨JHEtG~kenaHBuMVnykGÃIeTA[vatambMNgva.

eTACabMEbkeyIgBIG~kEdlmk¨V¨s&ynwgeyIgeTAv^jqû¬y. enHCaKMnitGa¨kk'CYrCati «nC÷nit

TucÍrit. vaKµanKitBIerOgeyIgxUceQµaHGÃIeT KitEtpl¨beyaCn_va.

niyayenH minsMedAeTAelIC÷nitxÂHEdlmanPk¶IPaBcMeJHecAhÃaynay hßansÂab'rs'

CamYyecAhÃaynayenaHeT. CnC÷nitC÷BUkenH KbºIecAhÃaynayemIleXIjKuNsmºti¶ nig

CYyÓbtÄmK~a ykK~aCashkarICaC÷nitteTAeTot kuM[regð¿s[esaH.

emGMe×

manmnus§PaKxÂHenAekµgFÂab'¨klMVketakya"k eronsU¨txÃHmuxxÃHe¨kay manmit¶Pk¶i

kMst'TurKtdUcK~a ecHKYrsmrkK~a ¨sab'EtxÂçnmanvasnaxõs'eday«cdn´ maneKG~kman¨TB´

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Lay. manxÂH enABIekµgmanmit¶Pk¶iFÂab'¨kdUcK~a xÂçneLIgCaG~kman G~kFM mit¶enaHK~aKµanBMnwg

BwgJk' k*mkrkxÂçnedémºI[CYyedaH¨sayCYyseågðaHK~apg k*¨sab'EtxÂçnminsðal'Etm¶g.

manxÂH Em"ÒbgbíènxMenAE¨scMkar xMrksuIejIstagTwk yk¨Vk'mkpðt'pðg'[kUn[bíènenaHeron

sU¨tecHd·g. kUnÉk*bíènenaHeronsU¨tVnecHd·geFÃIkarmanzan:xõg'xõs' ¨sab'EtVn¨bBnìkUneK

G~kman k*kÂayeTACaG~kFM G~kmansm&yfµé ePÂcEm"ePÂcÒ ePÂcbg ePÂcbíènGs'rlIg. CYnkal

m¶ayÒBukmkrk ¨bBnìenaHk*¨Vb'[eTAv^j CYnkal¨bBnìenaHerobVyTwk[Kat'Ga¨s&yCa

mYyQ~çl edkCamYyQ~çl. elakFMenaH²tcab'GarmµN_GÃITSgGs'. CYnkal¨bBnìdak'kMrit

m¶ayÒBukekµk[Qb'mkrkeTot. elakenaHk*enAes©¿m. m¶ayÒBuknigbgbíèn VnEtTwkEP~k

QWcab'{bnwg¨TègykeTAkan'pæHsEmºgä¨sukkMeNItv^jEtb"ueNaH.

Gs'elakFunenH tamEdlxÆ¬MFÂab'sðal'mane¨cInEdr EdlxÆ¬MsUmGP&yeTas suMmin

beJÍjeQµaHeT Tuk[elakenHägsuxsbºayeTAcuH ! mnus§EbbK~aenHEdr manxÂHBIedém¨k

rMeho mankMeNItenAE¨scMkar ¨sab'EtmkesBKb'¨tèvenA¨kugenHeLIgCévPaBxõs'manpæHfµ

ssr²d½ k*eLIgcageCarekígkíag Elgsðal'G~k¨sukCamYyK~aEtm¶g. xÂHsðal'EdrEtsðal'

k~¬grebobemIlgayK~afaK~aCamnus§E¨s Camnus§efakTab edérCtminVnniyayelgyUrmin

ekIt, xÂHeTotEdlBIedémBUCBg§enAE¨scMkarkb'Pk'kb'¨CShal«f©halePÂ¿g, VnmkeFÃIFMenA

¨kug k*tSg¨bmafG~kE¨scMkareCrs¶IkUnsuTìEted¿l faGaG~kE¨s ! kMueFÃIdUcG~kE¨s ! Vn

esck¶IfaG~kE¨sEdlciJÍwmxÂçnenaH ¨BmTSgCaedémvg§rbs'xÂçnenaH Ga¨kk'Nas' KMrk' ! man

xÂHeTotFÂab'bYseronenAvt¶ Ék*FÂab'epÆéxÂçnnwgelaksgô eronVneFÃIkarVn¨bBnì ¨bBnìsYrfa

bgägFÂab'enAvt¶eT? bursGnæiteyIgeqÂIyfa eT ! bgminsðal'vt¶enaHmankud^v^harEbbem"cpg

68

eT ! bgminFÂab'enAeT ! xÂHeFÃICaeBIsYr¨bBnìfaGUnägEdlÓs§ah_cUlvt¶EdrÉ? bgFujNas'

cUlvt¶m¶g@ emIleTAekµgvt¶ragEGnGnE¨Tl¨TlxØil¨Tmk' bgmincg'eXIjeT ! gakeTAkEnÂg

sukm"mu"k gakeTAVyTwkEsßt¨tElt hWuùùù [bgenA bgminecHenAeT!!! En±! ecHhamat'ed¿l

tµHsMbukedémrbs'xÂçneTAekIt ! xÂçnFÂab'edér¨Tak'@ yYrcan¨sak'bbresog ¨tIeg¿t ¨tIeqíIrCamYy

elaksgô eTACaGIcwgeTAekIt!

xÂHeTotmanmit¶Pt¶iFÂab'ekok«dK~aeTANamkNaral'@ «f© ¨sab'Et«f©mYy¨tèvVneLIg

eFÃIFM k*eKcElg[CYbmuxmit¶enaH Ék*VnCYbEdrEt¨BegéyeTAElgsðal'K~aEtm¶g. niyayfa

sðal'nSefakxÂçne¨JHxÂçn²LèvFMdu÷.

mnus§bu"nµanC÷BUk EdlxÆ¬MVnsegûterobrab'mkenH Gs'elakG~kcg'[eQµaHfaCaGÃI

Edr? KWsuTìEtCamnus§GktJïè rmilKuN mnus§emGMe×EdlePÂckMeNItedémxÂçnCadgûèv.

mnus§C÷BUkenHKµanstismºCJï:k~¬gxÂçnbn¶icesaH. Kµand·gxÂçnesaHfaenACu÷v^jxÂçn eKx§wbex§¿v

ninæa esIctµHtiHed¿lxÂçneBjTMhwg. e¨JHmnus§TSgGs'K~asuTìEtman¨bvti¶Bit@ rbs'xÂçn G~k

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danrbs'xÂçnEt¨twmeBlbcÍ¬bºn~enH lubem"cnwgVn. emÂa"HehIyekr¶i_eQµaHxÂçnenaHvaenAEtsí¬y

rhußmGIcwgeTA.

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ePÂcxÂçnfaxÂçnBIedémCadgûèvenaH.

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sðal'Em"Òelak mit¶Pki¶elak ¨KèVGacarélak vaCasiTiìrbs'elakeTetI? xÆ¬MenHmkGHGag

e¨C¿tE¨CkGI? man¨beyaCn_síI?

xÆ¬MsUmC¨mabfa mkBIsegûteXIjfa :

- BYkGs'elakTSgenH ¨tèveKlbesIceBb¨Cay ehIyCamnus§xÃHmit¶Edlsucrit

- BYkGs'elakTSgenH ebImane¨KaHf~ak'efÂaHyssk¶iFÂak'xÂçndUec~HdUec~aH eKral'K~aTH

«dbnærfa[¨sLHsaFueTAcuH

- BYkGs'elakTSgenaH ¨tèvEm"Òbgbíènmit¶Pk¶i¨beTcp¶asadak'TMnay [rlayrlt'

¨Kb'@ K~a.

xÆ¬MsegûteXIjy"agh~wg, xÆ¬Mcg'[yuvCneyIgEdlCassr¨T¨Tg'¨beTsExµrBIenHerog

eTA VneTACabuKðllí¨Kb'@ K~a maneKrab'GanesµaHdUc@ K~a Kµanmit¶Pk¶icSesIceBb¨Cay, Kµan

BYkma"kcSp¶næa[liclg', KµanEm"Òdak'bN¶asa eTIbxÆ¬MsuM[ecosrebobCévPaBemGMe×enaH.

má"gv^jeTot Ca¨beyaCn_dl'sgðm¨bCaFibety´ eyIg¨tèvEtecosvagrebobenaH BI

e¨JHeyIg¨tèvsagsmPaB edérKnÂgPatrPaB edémºévDónPaBnigsuPmgðlsgðm. BIe¨JHEt

erOgvDónPaBnigsuPmgðl«nsgðmeyIgenHehIy eTIbxÆ¬MnSykerOgemGMe×mkeJlk~¬gTIenH.

69

sÃaJk'mû¬d

G~kFMxÂHmanòkJminxusBIsÃaJk'mû¬deT. sÃaJk'mû¬denaHvay"agNa? sÃaEdleKbM-

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rmas'kºal k*tSgelIkeCégeGHkºalPÂam nS[eKemIlyl'PÂamfa vaCasÃaBit¨Vkd e¨JH

Jk'dl'mû¬dehIy enAEtminkan'òkzan:CaG~kmanmû¬dJk'esaH enAEtkan'òkCastÃtircÏan

dEdl.

G~kFMeyIgxÂH EdleTIbnwgVnyssk¶ixõg'xõs'k*dUec~aHEdr e¨cInEtePÂcxÂçnfaxÂçnCaFM

e¨cInEtenAeLHeLaH¨ceLm¨cLWm nS[efakTabdl'zan:eKägGs'. G~kFMxÂH minecHTSgsuCév

FmáxagpÂèvTUteTotpg e¨cIn¨b¨Bwt¶CamYyePÆ¿vbreTsGMeBIep¶sp¶asnS[xµaseK minxµasEtxÂçn

ägm~ak' KWnS[CatiExµrEdlmanxÂçnCad÷NagenaH xµaseKtamenaHEdr e¨JHxÂçnCaG~ktMNagExµr

eFÃIGÃI k*dUcCaExµreFÃIdUec~aHEdr. xÆ¬M¾mit¶m~ak'enAbreTsniyay¨Vb'xÆ¬Mfa manGs'elakbuKðlikTUt

eyIgxÂH ¨tèvePÆ¿v¨beTsEdleyIgeTAenAenaH GeJØIj[eTABisaePaCnenAeKhd½anrbs'eK

edayeKmanGeJØIjePÆ¿vbreTsäeTot [mkrYbrYmpgEdr. äelakbuKðlikTUteyIgenaH elak

ePÂcxÂçnfaelakCad÷NagExµr ePÂcfakEnÂgenaHCakEnÂg¨sukeKEdleyIg¨tèv¨by&t~ k*tSgBisa

suraya"ge¨cIneTotpg edaymanesck¶Ie¨skXÂanCaxÂSgBIpæHeTA e¨JH¨Kan'EtTTYlsMbu¨t

GeJØIjCb'elogPÂam elaksMelogmat'Cae¨sc cSeTAGa¨s&y[EqítTal'Etqíl'enAkEnÂgeK

Etm¶g elak²thßanTTYlTanGÃIenApæHeT xÂaceTApæHeKTTYlTanminekIt tºitminXÂan elakTuk

eJH[TeTsíat cSeTAvat'[NaNIenApæHeK. manGI! XÂanBIpæHmk¨sab' elakbriePaKGahar

nigBisa¨saVny"age¨cInKYrsresIr!!! ¨sab'EthYskMrit k*ePIPaymkv^j rYck*tSgkíçtcegíar

¨Chit¨ChmmYyrMeBc nS[ePÆ¿väeTotemIlmk¨Kb'K~ay"agPÆak'epíél eKexõém eKyk«dxæb'

¨cmuH ! mat'rEckrecakCECkK~alan'eLIg k~¬gcMeNamePÆ¿vTSgenaHfa : {! Kat'enHExµr ExµrGIeK

enHsIup·kGIk*Ga¨kk'Ga¨kIemÂ"H? eyIgminEdleXIjminEdlyl' nrNaK¨mk'dUcExµreT!

JkénHBIeraHeT? KWCaJkÉdleKemIlgaycMeJHmkExµrTSgGs' edaysarEtelak

mÍas'enaHäg eFÃI[efakTab.

tamlí eyIgEdlCatMNagCatiExµrKYrrk§akiriyamaryaT[Vn«fÂf~èr Tukkit¶iys[

¨sukeTsnigbgbíènExµr. KYrkuMcg'q©aj'hYsehtu KYrGa¨s&yBIpæHsgût'eJHxÂH[ehIy dl'eTA

Ga¨s&yCamYyeK va¨b¨Bwt¶eTAVn¨sYl. ehIyebITukCaBuMVnGÃIdak'eJHesaH k*KYrxMGt' Ga-

¨s&ylµmEtcb'esµInwgeK TukeJHmkGa¨s&yenApæHeyIgv^jcuH. kuMGa¨s&yTal'Etcak'¨CH

kíçtcegíar¨cgab'¨cgldUec~H e¨JHvaxµaseKxÂSgNas' munnwgeFÃIGÃI@nimYy@ KYrnwkfaGatµaGj

70

CatiCaExµr etag¨by&t~cMeJHExµr karJr¨beyaCn_Exµr eTIb¨beTsCatieyIgfû¬÷efûégeTArYc m~ak'@

CYyelIkbn¶icbn¶çceTIbnKrcMerIneTArYc.

xÆ¬MnSerOgenHmkniyay e¨JHcg'Tajkar¨bug¨by&t~Gs'mit¶äeTot EdleTAQrenA

breTs nigGs'elakEdlePÆ¿vbreTsGeJØIjeTABisaelogenApæHeKztenAk~¬g¨beTsExµrpg

Etbu"eNöaH [¨bugsµartI¨bugxÂçnCanicÍ kuM[eFÂaynS[xµaseK. ebIminecHminyl'cºab'TmÂab'eT

sYrGs'elakG~käNaEdlelakecHd·geTA e¨JHminxÃHeTGs'elakG~kEdlecHd·gnUvsuCév-

FmáxagpÂèvTUtenaH.

ebImincºas'kuMGHGag

bgbíèneyIgxÂH cUlcit¶niyaykarGÃIEdlxÂçnVnd·gEt 5 eT EtniyayeFÃIecHd·gBit

rhUtdl' 10 É 15 äeNaH KYr[s¶ayNas' e¨JHnS[xusBtámanBitGs'rlIg.

dUcy"agbcÍ¬bºn~enH Edl¨sukkMBugmanclaclsågðam mrNP&y¨Kb'kEnÂg bgbíèn

eyIgK~a¨tèvkard·gsÄankarN_Bit¨Vkd G~kxÂHEdlmind·gsÄankarN_cºas'eT EtniyaydUcCa

cºas'Nas'GIcwg. dUckalvayK~aenAdé²d½ manxÂHniyayGHGagfa GU! BYkrMedaHcUldl'ekon

sÃayehIy ! xÆ¬MVnebIkrfyn¶eTAemIldl'kEnÂg BuMeXIjdUcCaJk´Gs'elakenaHniyayeT

xÆ¬M¨tLb'mkv^j sYrGs'elakenaHeTA elakenaHeqÂIymkxÆ¬Mv^jfa: eT! xÆ¬M¾eKfacºas'Nas' fa

BYkrMedaHcUldl'ekonsÃay ²LèvebIBuMBiteT xÆ¬Mk*mind·gEdr ! qûyGIcwgeTA !

enHebIfaeyIgCYyeXasna[s¨tèv k*faVnEdr e¨JHnSd÷NWgminBitmkniyay [K~a

P&yenAk~¬g¨kugäeNH. bgbíèneyIgcUlcit¶Nas' erOg¾eKfaehIyniyayGHGagdUcCacºas'

Nas'GIcwg. eyIgKYrkMcat'p~t'KMnitGkuslenHeTA. G~kniyay KbºIeTAeXIjcºas'nwgEP~k

swmniyay. G~ks¶ab'KbºI¨tiHriHBicarNa[EmnETnswmeC¯. kuMPrbn¶tamK~a kuMeC¯bn¶tamK~a[

esaH, ebIPrbn¶K~a eC¯bn¶K~aenHnwgnS[epíéldUcTn§ayP&yEpÂeB~A rt'JsvalJskaleBj

TSgPUmiminxan !

KYrniyayEterOgman¨beyaCn_

xÆ¬MsegûteXIjGs'elakmF´m@ xÂH e¨cInC÷nuMniyayK~aelgerOgGt'¨beyaCn_. dUcCa

mund÷bUgniyayeLIgerOgneyaVy¨sukeTsEmnehIy bu"En¶niyayVnEtbn¶ick*tSgmanm~ak'

nSEv" niyayBIerOg¨sIjI Elºgebo eV"äeNaHPÂam rYcTSgGs'K~ak*tSgeTATSgm"t'erOgenaHEdr.

xÂHmansMdéfÃImat'BUEkniyaycMeGscMGas dUcCaxÂçnenaHKµanm¶ayCa¨sI Kµan¨bBnìCa¨sI Kµan

kUn¨sIGIcwg vaseLIgJk´suTìEtGasGaPas dUcBYkG~k¨bmwkGava"EsdUec~aHEdr. lkÅN:

eyIgCaG~kFM G~kecHd·grlayGs'rlIg.

71

dUcy"ag¨KçsarraCniymC÷nan'edém Gs'elakC÷nan'cas'@ Kg'nwg¨CabxÂHminxan. ebI

¨Kçsares¶cNakan'lkÅN:¨twm¨tèv lkÅN:«fÂf~èr ¨Kçsares¶cenaHmanraås¶eKarBe¨cIn cUl

cit¶e¨cIn. pæ¬yeTAv^j ¨Kçsares¶cNaminkan'TMenomTMlab' ¨kwt´v^n&y cºab'brmburaNeT Kµan

raås¶NaeKarBeT. eKarBy"agem"c ebIBYkenaHk*CaBYkGava"Es ¨sI ¨sa ebo eV" ¨BHGgðmÅas'

k§¨taman¨bBnìrab'minGs' Gag¨TB´¨BHraC¨TBćayvayxØHxØay dUceKCH¨kdas¨Vk'tam

bgíçcecal, ä¨BHGgðmÍas'k§¨tIk*Edr b¶Ie¨cInb¶èrpÂas'kt'eQµaHminGs'minTan' vaeTACaBYk

mnus§mYy¨kumEdl[KMrUdl'eKsuTìEtGa¨kk'TSgGs'.

lkÅN:GasGaPasGa¨kk'Ga¨kIenHehIy EdlnS[xUcTMenomTMlab' ¨b«BNIExµr

Gs'.

dUec~Hsrubesck¶IeTA KYrNas'EteyIgG~kFMk*eday G~kmF´mk*eday niyays¶IGÃI

niyayBIerOgxÂwmsar Tak'TgCaBiessnwgCati edémºI[manBnÂWk~¬gkaredaH¨sayrkvDónPaB[

Cati. ebIeyIgCYbCu÷K~aehIyrvl'EtCECkkíakkíayEtBIerOg¨sI ¨sa GaePonkJÏa eboeV"enaH

maneBläNanigBIe¨KaHerOg¨suk.

eyIgKYrnSK~aEbrmkrkKMnitlí. Gb'rMkUnecAExµrmit¶Pk¶iExµr, [Vnrs'CaExµr sÂab'eTACa

Exµr, ekItv^jCaExµr [ExµrmanC÷hrnigkmÂSgmSmYnteTAGnaKt !

KYrBt'eQIkalBIenAtUc

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Gs' xÂH¨sLaj'kUn¨Cul e¨JHkUnmanEtmYy xÂHeCarxÂçnägedayGag¨TB´Fn kUnTarbu"nµanVn

bu"eNaöH xMykcit¶vaTMerIsvatSgBItUcKµansðal'ehAfay"agem"cxÃHxat y"agem"cKµan y"agem"c

¨k. luHdl'vaFMeLIgTmÂab'rbs'vak*¨tèvEtbgÅMm¶ayÒBuk[rkenH [rkenaH rkminecHcb' tSgBI

semÂ¿kbMJk'e¨KOgGlgûar rhUtdl'rfyn¶lí@ CacugbMput. Em"ÒxÂHecHEtxMe¨TaleTA Em"ÒxÂH

e¨TaleTABuMrYck*tSgkac'Bt'ekµgenaHmkv^j. eBlBt'enHehIyEdlEm"Ò 100 PaKryf©èrrhuwH

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TarenH TarenaHminecHGs'minecHehIy ehIyeronsU¨tGÃI@ KµanekItesaH eXIjEtBYkm"akeTA

eNHeTAeNaH ¨BècuH¨BèeLIg ! . ehIyKat'cg'[eKCYyedaH¨sayKat'pg etIeFÃIy"agNa[kUn

enaHVns¶ab'Kat'xÂH? [kUnenaHyl'fa Kat'lMVkcit¶pg? [kUnenaHQb'ep¶sp¶aspg?

manv^FIGÃI?

cMeJHv^FIenaH manEtep¶émGb'rMedayTajekµgenaHbn¶icm¶g@ Bn´l'va[eXIjehtuGa-

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pg. yUr@ eTA¨bEhlCaVn¨bkbxÂH. enHCaKMnitxÆ¬Mpæal'eT. bu"En¶erOgsMxan'EdlxÆ¬Mcg'eJl

k~¬gTIenH KWerOgeyIg¨tèvkarJrekµgkuM[xUcTan'äeNaHeT eJlKWeyIg¨tèvGb'rMvatSgBItUc [va

72

d·glíGa¨kk' efakTabäeNaHeT. ekµgdUcCatYxÂçnmnus§m~ak'Edr eyIg¨tèvkarJreraKva ¨besIr

CagcSBáVleraK. eyIg¨tèvGb'rMekµg[lí CaCagcSEttE¨mt¨mg'va k~¬g¨KaEdlvaFMehIy

enaH. eraKmksÄitk~¬gxÂçneTAehIy f~SxÂHdak'eTAdl' G~kCm©Wk*rs'eLIg f~SxÂHdak'mindl' G~kCm©W

k*sÂab'eTA. ekµgEdlTe¨mIs¨CuleTAehIy ¨ceLIsebIshYseTAehIy Gava"Es¨CuleTA

ehIy k*dUcmnus§manCm©WdabEdr f~SGb'rMBiVknwgdak'BáVl[CaNas'. ehIyedayPaK

e¨cIn yuvCnEdlEkElgeLIg KWmkBIm¶ayÒBukbEN¶tbeN¶ay¨Cul [vaGava"Es rSErk suI

p·kKb'mit¶Pki¶suTìEtBYkJl. xÆ¬MsegûteXIjfa sm&yenHekµg@ Qamrav cUlcit¶begûéteK

ehAfa esor¨BI ( Surpris ) tamrebobGWr"ub. xÂHEbbcg'Gava"EsEdr. Em"ÒkUn¨sIxÂHmund÷bUgEbb

sresIrkUn¨sIxÂçnfa kUnGjecHrebobbreTs, dl'yUr@ eTAeXIjplmin¨sçl edaykUn¨sI

enaHdUec~HdUec~aHeTA tSgedkQWcab'¨kLab'pûab'p©arrkVj'ecal, rkkat'kal'ùùù. xÂçnägExµr va

minyl'erOgEbbGWru"besaH beN¶ay[kUneFÃItamEbbGWru"b. tamxÆ¬Md·gyuvCnGWru"b kar{bK~arS

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rSenaH. má"geTotkarrS{brwtK~a KWCakarFmµtarbs'eKeTAehIy ¨sukeyIgGasuIäeNHCa¨suk

ek¶A emIlcuHrVM¨beTscinCaedém eKrSErkm¶g@ BuMEdl{brwtK~aeT e¨cIn¨twmEtcab'cug«dK~arS Ca

kare¨sc. dUcrVMrSfUn rSvg' rSkºac'CaedémmanVnb"Hsac'K~aäNa eXIjfasmrméhIy

sMrab'¨sukeyIg¨beTsek¶A. cuHebIeyIgykrVMG~k¨suk¨tCak' mkelgenA¨sukek¶A karenHva

manplep§g karrSenaHminEmnnS[kk'ek¶AeT pæ¬yeTAv^jvanwgnS[plGa¨kk'eTA«f©e¨kay.

ekµgNaecHKitk*KitTan', ekµgNaEdlxØilKit k*beN¶ayxÂçneTAtamesatNaGIcwgeTA !

¨tg'h~wgehIyVnCafa eyIgCaEm"ÒExµr KYrkuMbEN¶tbeN¶ayeBk e¨JHGs'elakG~k

BitCaenAecHQWcab' kalNaeXIjkUneyIgminedaytamTUnµanenaH.

dUec~HeTIbfa KbºIeyIgGb'rMkUnecAeyIg[yl'Ga¨kk'lítSgBIvaenAtUc@ enaHmkpg

eTIbVnpllí. cMeJHerOgGb'rMekµgtSgBIenAtUc@ eTot xÆ¬MsuMCUnerOgpæal'xÂçnmYy xÆ¬MmankUnecA

Cae¨cInnak' xÆ¬MEtgBn´l'kUnecAxÆ¬M[sðal'cas'TuM sUmºImnus§bMerIenAk~¬gpæHrbs'xÆ¬M k*[kUnecAxÆ¬M

ehABYkenHedayJk´rabsarEdr KW[ehAbgenH bgenaH mIgenH mIgenaH hamp¶ac'min[ehA

emenH emenaH GaenH GaenaH Eg"ghg Gamwg dac'xat. ehIyebIekµgNatUcCagkUnxÆ¬M xÆ¬Mbgðab'

[kUnxÆ¬M[ehAfa GUnenH GUnenaH drab.

elakeGIy dl'eBlkUnecAxÆ¬MeTAeronsala xÆ¬MPÆak'e¨BItEtm¶g edayÓs§ah_¾kUnecAxÆ¬M

ecHeCrbeJÍarenAcMeJHmuxxÆ¬MEtm¶g. xÆ¬Mk*VnehAkUnFMCageKmksYrfa : ägecHrebobeCrenHBI

Namk? kUnenaHeqÂIyfa : xÆ¬MecHmkBIsalaeron KUknxÆ¬MvaeCrxÆ¬M vaTas'nwgxÆ¬M vaeCrm¶ayxÆ¬M vaehA

xÆ¬Mfa Gaùùùù xÆ¬Mk*ecHBIvamk ! eCrbeJÍark*ecHBIvamkEdr !

KYrGs'elakBicarNaEdrerOgenH. ebIsgðmeyIg ebI¨Kèbe¨g¿neyIg ebIm¶ayÒBukTSg

Gs'K~a minCYyENnSBn´l'kUnecA [sðal'Jk´BIeraHBisatSgBIekµg@ eTAeT vaBiVkEkxÂSg

Nas'. BYklím~ak'BIr muxCadYlereTAtamBYkGa¨kk'e¨cInK~aenaHBuMxan.

73

KYrs©çn¨KglkÅN:ExµrxÂHpg

sm&yenH G~krs'enAk~¬gsgðmeyIgKbºI¨tiHriHBicarNaGMBITMenomTmÂab'Exµr[Vnm"t'

ct'eTApg. kEnÂgNaEdlhYssm&y Edlminsmrm´ min¨sbnwgd÷eNIrkar¨beTs k*KYr

ecaleTAcuH bu"En¶kEnÂgNaEdlbgúajEbbbTlkÅN:ExµrtSgBIdUntamk eyIgBuMKYrnwgkat'bM-

Vt'ecalesaHeLIy.

xÆ¬Mcg'eJlBIerOgsMelokbMJk'. dUcCabuN´sB xÆ¬MFÂab'eXIjExµrcas'@ C÷nan'mun

ebIEhsB ¨bus@ esÂ¿kJk'BNás ¨kavat'exµA EsºkeCégexµA, ¨sI@ Jk'Gavs sMBt'cgkºin

BNá¨BIgTuM ÉexµA emIleTAEbbrm´TmNas'.

dl'mk²LèvenH eKesÂ¿kJk'tamGMeBIcit¶ eTAbuNéxµacdUceTAbuN´kzn cUlvt¶dUc

CacUlrgðsal ¨cLèk¨cLMhak'dUcCa¨beTsenHeTIbEtekIt«m©"eNaH KµanvbºFmáTMenomTmÂab'GÃI

esaH.

tamlí KYrEteyIgm~ak'@ enAk~¬gsgðmCYys©çn¨KgnUvlkÅN:GÃIEdlCaExµrenaH [enAEt

CalkÅN:ExµrteTApg eTIb¨besIr.

erOgsMelokbMJk'enHeTot Gs'elakPaKe¨cIncUlcit¶esÂ¿kJk'exaGavFM eBlbuN´

eBlC÷nuM eTaHbIrdUvek¶AesæIrEbkkºalk*eday. GakasFatuek¶AesæIrhuyEp§g eyIgsuxcit¶¨TS

EbkejIs ¨KlMGavFMeFÃImuxCUr. semÂ¿kbMJk'eKe¨bIk~¬g¨beTs¨tCak' Fatu¨tCak'FÂak'Twkkk

ägykmk¨KluM[EbkejIs. enHCaGMeBIÉEbbbTxusTMngEdr. xÆ¬MBuMriHKn'eT ebIGs'elakcUl

cit¶bMEbkejIsrebobenaH EtxÆ¬Myl'fa ebIeyIgesÂ¿kJk'[sðal'rebobrgaek¶AenaH Gs'elak

G~knwgVn¨sçlxÂçn ehIyVnsmrm´pg.

GMBIerOgTuksk'esH

sBÃ«f©enH enA¨beTsxÂHenACu÷v^jeyIgenH maneyokNam «fLg'd_ hÃIlIBÃIn eKkMBugEt

¨by&t~erOgyuvCnTuksk'esH EdleKyl'faeFÃIxUcTMenomTMlab'lírbs'¨sukeK ¨BmTSgeK

mincg'[suIv^l&yxusTMngenaH qÂgmklb'elIvbºFmárbs'eKpg. kEnÂgxÂH eKcat'P~ak'gar[

cScab'yuvCnTuksk'Evgykmkkat'sk'enaHecal. ehIy¨sukxÂH enAcMNtyn¶ehaHpæal'Et

m¶g eKsuMGeJØIjePÆ¿vbreTsTuksk'Evg[cUleTAkat'sk'enAkEnÂgmYysmrm´ EdleKbMrug

TukCae¨sc munnwg[breTsenaHcUleTAkan'¨kugrbs'eK.

74

eyIgäeNHv^j eyIgmancat'karGÃIEdrelIerOgCnTuksk'EvgenH?

eXIjmanEtmYyeBlKt' KWelak¨bFanaFibtI ln'-nl' ¨bkas[yuvCnTuksk'Evg

kat'sk'Evgrbs'xÂçnecal kalBIExmIna 1972, bu"En¶manyuvCnNas¶ab'¨bsasn_elak¨bFa

naFibtI ln'-nl' eT? Gt'eT !

sUmGP&yeTas E¨kgxÆ¬Myl'¨cLM xÆ¬MsegûteXIjfa yuvCnsgúaTuksk'esH (min

niyayBIBYksilºkrnignis§iteT) e¨cInEtCaekµgJl ekµgkab'cak' lYcbÂn' qk'naLika qk'

Ex§k tamp§artampÂèvùùù G~k¨kugeyIgmUlmat'K~aehAfa: BYkGaTuksk'EvgÉGaTuksk'esH.

eyIgKYrep¶émBn´l'yuvCneyIg[ecosvagerOgTuksk'EvgenHpgehIy e¨JHminCakar

líemIlesaH ¨bus¨cLM¨sI ¨sI¨cLM¨bus xusBIEbbbTExµr. eyIgKYremIl¨beTseKEkºrxag

eyIgenaHpg eKeFÃIy"agNa eKkarJry"agNa.

KbºImWugma"t'[VnyUrGEgÃg

enA{kaspÂas'rbb¨Kb'¨Kg enA¨beTsNak*edayk~¬gelakenH eKEtgEtpÂas'tam

rebobek¶AeTAtambJïti¶[mnus§eFÃItamkuM[elí¿gVn. CaBiess luH¨taEtG~kkan'GMNacenaH

¨by&t~¨bEygxagpÂèvcºab' eKarBcºab'eTApgeTIbVnce¨mIn cºab'enaHägman¨bsiTiìPaB. dUc

Ca¨KYsareyIgnimYy@ Tal'Etem¨KçsarenaHBUEkmuWgma"t' eTIb¨KçsarenaHVn¨twm¨tèveTAtam

KnÂglí minEmnrg'cSEtsmaCk¨KçsarenH eKarBtamEt{vaTxÂçnCaemenaHeT. y"agNamij

¨beTsCatinimYy@ k*dUcenaHEdr KYrNas'EtG~krk§aGMNac sÄitenAk~¬gKnÂgcºab'enaHeTogTat'

muWgma"t'eTIb¨bCaBlrd½Vnsuxsan¶eTAekIt EtkalNamineKarBcºab' eFÃItamEttNúarbs'

xÂçnenaH ¨beTsenaHeTAmuxBuMrYceT enAEtv^lvl'dUcEbbcas'dEdlCadEdl. má"geTot ebI

eyIgtwgeyIgmuWgma"t'BId÷bUgy"agNa eyIg¨tèvtwg¨tèvmWugma"t'[rhUteTA kuMtwgmuWgma"t'EtmYy

qab rYcFUrEsõtenaH.

dUceyIgVneXIj¨sab'«f©TI 9 tula 1970 eyIg¨bkas¨beTsCasaFarNrd½ KW

snµtfab¶èrpÂas'Gs'rebobrab'cUlTSgElºgJlapg, sis§anusis§VnTSgdutrUbsMNak

eboeV" enAmuxsk´munIectiypg CasJïafaeyIg¨tèvQb'elgeboGaeV"geTotehIy. enA

eBlenaHdUcCas©b'bn¶ic bu"En¶minyUrb"unµan ElºgJlak*rs'revékeLIgv^j mkBIGÃI? mkBIcºab'

eyIgbnìèrbnÄyqin«q rYcG~kxagelIEbbxØilbn¶icpg k*beN¶ay@ Tal'EtGIcwgeTA. ExµreyIg

mancrittwgrwugmuWgma"t'Etmund÷bUg yUreTAFUrEsõt.

niyayerOgeyIgqab'bnìèrenH xÆ¬MenAnwkeXIjbn¶icfa enAq~S 1940 kaleyIg, raCkar

VrSg-Exµr, VntTl''cmºSgesomK¨KwkKe¨Kg EtminEmnTan'CasahavdUcsBÃ«f©enHpgeT

raCkarVrSgVneFÃIsMbu¨tcuH«f©TI 17 mifuna 1940 ham¨VmTSgGs'min[ebIkvg'rSe¨cog

¨sukekItsågðam. kaleNaHs©at'Gs' ehIys©at'rhUtrab'q~S. äeyIgsBÃ«f©enHmindUec~aHeT

75

hambiTEtmYyEPÂtebIkv^j eragkunk*eday rgðsalk*eday dUcCacºab'sÄitenAEtelI¨kdas

esaHEtm¶g hamGÃIKµan¨bsiTiìPaBdUcC÷nan'VrSgeT. niyayenHminsresIrcºab'VrSgeT Et

sresIrfaKMnitVrSgvamuWgma"t'EmnETn. e¨JHEtvamWugma"t'EmnETnGIcwgehIy VnCava¨tçt

kºalägekIt. ExµreyIge¨JHEtFUrEsõtEsßt¨BEltGIcwgehIy VnCaBiVkeKcputBIkJØHeK

TSgraås¶TSgnamuWnenaH.

xÆ¬MniyayenHdUcCaq©l' bu"En¶nis§&yxÆ¬M xÆ¬MVnscÍafaxÆ¬MsuMrs'enACaExµr sÂab'eTAk*CaExµr

ehIyrs'k~¬gkMeNItfµév^jk*CaExµrEdr. xÆ¬Mmincg'[CnCatiNaka«LxÆ¬MCaCatiep§gesaHeLIy.

má"geTot eyIgcUlcit¶EteFÃscSC^tswmeFÃIEtm¶g. nwkemIl enAeBlksagGÃImYyenA

tamext¶tam¨kug Gs'elake¨cInminsUv¨bjab'eFÃIeT luHEtdl'eBlCtsemaFEtm¶g k*tSg

¨bjab'eFÃITSgyb'TSg«f© ¨Kvés¨Kvas[EtVnehIys¨mab'semaF ykKab'mYyeBlenaH

eTA. sYncºarKµanpûa kac'pûamkedatbeJÏateTA, GN¶ègKµanTwkdgTwkBIrbILanykmkcak'[

eBjeTA s¨mab' Ç¨BHGgðTtsresIrÈ eBlebIksemaFsmiTìirukÅpl ekNëykeckm~as'lí@

mkdak'KreJrJsbgúaj, ehIy¨Tugman'mYyk*ecHEtedérehIrehaHtam¨BHGgðesIær¨Kb'ext¶ Pr

bJØak'GMBIkarcMerInxagciJÍwmman'. GagEt ÇÒÈ xÃak' K fÂg', ÇkUnecAÈ KitEtBIPrvk'vé ykem-

day. En ! sm&yenaH !

²LèvenH sm&yenH xÆ¬MsUmeFÃIsMNUmBrkuM[Ehltamd÷eNIrmunenaH[esaH. rYmK~aeFÃI

GÃI eFÃI[esµaHmWugma"t'[rhUtkuMbnìèr.

karsnæiHsg§&y

G~kd·knSExµr tSgEtBIedémmkcUlcit¶Etsg§&yK~aeTAv^jeTAmk. karsg§&yenH ecj

plCakarkab'smÂab'K~a²t¨bNI.

G~kEdlkMBugkan'GMNac rEmgEtgEtminTukcit¶cMeJHG~kEdlFÂab'rYmkarCamYy eday

ecHEtE¨kgfa ticelaGaenHvadeN¶ImGMNacGjeTA, ticelaGaenHvalbsmÂab'GjedémºIyk

tMENgGjeTA ! ticelaGIecH ticelaGIcuH ! e¨cIn¨bkar.

kalebInwkreGIldUec~aHehIy k*tSgElgTukcit¶ rYcebICYnmanGamIuGaefagcak'rukbn¶ic

pgenaH k*tSgeC¯Cak'EmnETn fashkarIÉmit¶BIedémenaHkºt'xÂçnEmnETnEtm¶g. dl'mk¨tg'

eNH k*tSgrkelsecaT¨bkan'shkarIenaHÉmit¶enaH [K~aeTACaGa¨kk' edémºIykeTAsmÂab'

ecalTeTeTA.

plv^VkEdlekIteLIg edaykarecHEtsg§&yK~aenH CYnkalnS[ekItsågðamk~¬g

¨suky"agFMeTApgk*man.

xÆ¬MsuMrMlwkerOgmYy: es¶csuKnìbT (rvagstvt§r_TI 15 «n Kùsù) ¨sLaj'Kab'¨BHT&y

nwgbíèn«fÂeQµaH kn enaHNas' EfmTSg¨bTangarCa ÇXunhÂçg¨BHes¶cÈ ¨tçt¨taelI¨ksYg

76

sgôkarIEfmeTAeTot. e¨kaymk k*¨sab'Etsg§&yfa XunhÂçg¨BHes¶ckn¨bugdeN¶Im

GMNac. luHs¶ab'Jkćak'rukBYkmån¶IEdlsíb'XunhÂçg¨BHes¶cknenaHEfmeToteTA k*yl'fa

XunhÂçg¨BHes¶ckn¨bugkºt'EmnETn eTIb[eKtamcab'XunhÂçg¨BHes¶cknykmksmÂab'. ä

XunhÂçg¨BHes¶cknd·gxÂçn k*ePosxÂçneTAekNëraås¶kºt'EmnETnEtm¶g ecjmuxcºSgnwges¶c

EpndéeBjTMhwg. ¨bCaraås¶ekItv^nashinehacexÂacp§aGn¶rkbº smÂab'K~adUcstÃFatu. Xun

hÂçg¨BHes¶ckneFÃIKt'¨BHsuKnìbTeTAv^j ehIyykraC´mkesay tSgxÂçnCamÍas'Epndéqû¬y

ehIyk*tSgsbºayrSErktamKnÂges¶cEpndé¨Begéy ! . enHraås¶sÂab'mYyelIk. es¶ckn

enHkMBugEte¨tk¨tGal k*¨sab'Etes¶cGgðcnæ (GgðcnæTI 1) ecjBIesommkv^j elIkT&B

K¨KwkKe¨Kgmkedjes¶cknenaHeTAv^j. karkab'smÂab'K~aäg vHsac'kac'qíwgK~aäg k*pus

eLIgm¶geTot ¨bCaraås¶v^nasCév^trab'BuMGs'. TMrSEtp¶çles¶cknVn cMNayesæIrGs'BUCExµr

EdlxÂSgBUEk.

enHCaerOgcas' EdlG~k¨bvti¶saås¶eKd·g¨Kb'@ K~a ehIyrkehtueTAeXIjfa KWmkBI

es¶cG~kd·knSecHEtsg§&yG~kEdlFÂab'Et¨sLaj'BId÷bUg eJlKWes¶csuKnìbTsg§&yelI

XunhÂçg¨BHes¶ckn rhUtdl'manerOgnS[raås¶sÂab'JsvalJskal.

erOgfµémYyeTotkalBI 20 q~SmunenH nrNak*d·gEdrfa sWg-gu"kfaj' rt'cUl«¨BeTACa

emExµresrI k*edaysares¶csIhnuminTukcit¶Kat'. rMlwkerOgenHeLIgv^j G~kP~MeBjnwkeXIj

PÂam. kaleNaHelak sWg-gu"kfaj' ¨tèvrd½aPiVlVrSgedaHElgmkv^j. «f©30tula1951

elak sWg-g"ukfaj' mkP~MeBj raås¶Exµrrab'mWunnak'TTYlKat'. sIhnuk*¨sab'EtE¨kgrEGgfa:

«Gy"a, Gaem§¿enHmanraås¶rab'GanxÂSgNas'etI, min¨sYleT «f©e¨kayem§¿enHman¨bCa¨biy

PaBsemºImehIy GjGs'manmuxmanmat'ehIy dUec~H ¨tèvcat'karykGaenHecjeTIbVn.

sWg-gu"kfaj' minEmnman¨tecokdUc¨tecokJg manEP~kdUcEP~kòs§IäNa Kat'man¨tecok

nigEP~kCamnus§Edr d·gxÂçnk*ePoscUl«¨BVt'.

erOgmYyeTot nrNamind·g CYn-mu"m CaG~kecHd·glºIBI¨sukVrSgmk. ¨Kan'Etehob

Etnwgdak'eCégcuHCan'elIdéeJF−cintug k*¨sab'Et¨tèvdkeCégeLIgyn¶ehaHv^j¨bjab'. cuHä

NaVn? ebIBYkEqûsIhnuenAe¨tome¨tob¨tacSxSJMykeTA[sIhnuenaH. eKfa CYn-mu"m Ca

mnus§¨khm.

mYyeTot, 4-5 q~SmunenHnrNaeTAePÂc? hUß-yn', hUß-nwm, exov-sMpn VnVt'xÂçn etI

edaysarnrNa? KWmkBIBYkniymes¶c BYkBukrlYybrivares¶cJlsIhnu BYk«cvSg .l.

raås¶ExµrNam~ak'EdlePÂcJkéCr¨beTcral'«f© rbs'sem¶csIhnu eTAelIBYkTSgbIenaH?

srubmk s[eXIjfaG~kd·knSeyIg KWsIhnuenaHrvl'Etsg§&yvrCnäeTot rvl'Et

nwg¨cENnnwg¨bCa¨biyPaBeKäeTot rkerOgmin[nrNalUtlas'xõs'CagxÂçnekIt [manEt

xÂçnm~ak'CakMBUl Caedém Caem CaäkelIeK .

lTìpl«nTid½^c«¨genaH nS[vrCnbJïvn¶XÂatq©ayBIsIhnurhUtdl'sBÃ«f©enH man

bk§manBYksuIsac'hutQamK~aKµanBicarNa e¨JHEtkarkan'eCégBYk¨khm BYkexov minKitBI

77

rYmrs'CaExµr edaysuxsan¶esaH. xÆ¬Mniyaymkbu"eNöH etIGs'elaksegûteXIjEbbenHeT?

suMCYyBicarNapg.

ehtuGÃIVnCaeyIg{nfy

xÆ¬Myl'fa ExµreyIgsm&ystvt§r_TI 13 ksagnKrvt¶rYc k*cab'cuHfy²TìiBlbn¶ic

m¶g@ drabdl'erovrYcrYjdl'sBÃ«f©enH. ehtuem¶ck*dUec~aH? edayehtufa C÷nan'enaH eKp¶ac'kar

Bn'eBke¨bIkmÂSgmnus§dUceKa-¨kbI [d·kfµFM@ manTm©n'hYskmÂSgykmkeFÃI¨VsaT ehIy

bgÅ÷[eFÃIKµaneBls¨mak. ¨VsaTTSgLayenAGgðrBitCamrtkGnus§avrIy_rbs'dUntaeyIg

¨VkdNas'. enAeBlksag¨VsaTTSgLayenAGgðrrYc eyIgkt'sMKal'eXIj¨bCaBlrd½

xUcTwkcit¶Gs' rhUtdl's¨tèvcUlmkvay¨beTsCati ¨bCaBlrd½eBlenaHkMBugFuj¨Tan'

nwgkarlMVkBn'eBk k*ekItcit¶enOyNayElgmancit¶karJr¨beTsCatieTA. ehIyrhUtmk

ecHEtcuHfy²TiìBlCalMdab' ²tmanvrCnNaCYybN¶¬HTwkcit¶¨bCaBlrd½ [PÆak'rlwkeLIg

v^jeT ecHEtbeN¶ayyUrCayUreTA ¨bCaraås¶k*eTACaGs'sgô·mcMeJHeCaKvasnaxÂçn nS[

xUcTwkcit¶rwtEtxÂSgeLIg. NamYy¨tèvBYkes¶cCHCan'pg NamYyCévPaBlMVkpg k*edkp§g

cSEtvasnabu"eNöaH.

enAeBlEdlvacUlluk¨beTsenHm¶g@ s¨tèvEtgEteXasnafa eyIgmkCYyrMedaH

G~kral'K~a[rYcBI¨kjSrbs'BYkmnus§mYycMnYnEdlkMBugEtCHCan'G~kral'K~asBÃ«f©. KYrkt'

sMKal'faenAeBls¨tèvcUlmkvaym¶g@ minEdlGt'manmnus§kºt'rt'eTAcUlxags¨tèvenaH

eT EtgEtmanCadrab CYyeXasna[s¨tèveTot CaehtunS[¨bCaBlrd½yl'¨cLMfa eKmk

CYyrMedaHeyIg[rYcBIkarlMVk¨Kb'y"agEmn etagEteyIgCYyxags¨tèveTIbVnesck¶Isux

ehIybbYlK~acUlxags¨tèvedaymind·gxÂçneTAeTot. BIenaHerogmkdl'stvt§r_TI 17 eyIg

cab'cuHEmnETn dl'mkstvt§r_TI 18 ExµrkÂayCaCatimYyVk'sºat Gs'manKMnitGÃIehAfatsUß

enaHrlIg KitEtBITUlkeJØIrt' rt'CaTmÂab'Cab'mkdl'sBÃ«f©enHEtm¶g.

Gs'elakCYyBicarNaemIl rhUtdl'bcÍ¬bºn~kalenH etIy"agNa? eyokkugyYnxag

eCégcUlmkvay¨beTsExµr dutbMpÂajGs'pæHsEmºgG~k¨suk ehIymanes¶csIhnuVnCYy

E¨skBYkenaHeTot CaehtunS[¨bCaBlrd½eyIg eTAtamKnÂgstvt§r_mun@ Etm¶g. xÆ¬MsuMrMlwk

edayesµaH¨tg'fa e¨JHEtKnÂgVk'sºatvegÃgcUlnwgs¨tèvral'@ C÷nan'enHehIy eTIbnKr

kmõ¬CaFibtI enArYmrYjtUcbu"nVt«dsBÃ«f©enH ehIyebIkuMEtVrSgcUlmkeFÃICaecAhÃayTan' kuMGI

rlayVt'pgk*mind·g VnVrSgvacUlmk vaxaXSgTuk¨tçt¨tak*VnenAsl'bu"eNöH. enH

ehIyvasnakmõ¬CaeyIgEdl¨tèvEtmanecAhÃay¨tçt¨taenaH.

cMeJHkar{nfyòTìanuPaB xÆ¬MsUme¨bobeFobeTAnwgmha¨beTsxÂHBIsm&yburaN dUc

y"agmha¨beTscin¨bCamanit CamhaGMNacenAGasuIEdr kalC÷nan'es¶ccineQµaH Cn-sIu

78

hYgTI Chin Shih Huongti(1) xÂacBYkmu"gehðalcUlvay ¨beTscines¶cenaHk*cab'sagkMEBgd*FM

stvt§r_TI 3 mun¨Kis¶skraC (Grande Muraille) ehIyEvgrhUtdl'¨VMJn'KILèEm"¨t nS[¨bCa

CncinlMVkevTnaCaGsÍar´ sg'rYckalNa ¨bCaCncinht'enOyy"agxÂSg KµankmÂSgeFÃI

sågðamesaH. TTYleBlenaHBYkmu"gehðalk*cUlmkvayeTot ehIyeXasnafamkCYy¨bCa

Blrd½cin[putBITasPaB ¨bCaCncink*eC¯mYycMnYnFM ElgCYykgT&Brd½aPiVl nS[kgT&B

rd½aPiVlTn'ex§ay beN¶ays¨tèvvayFÂaymhakMEBgenaHeTA ehIymha¨beTscinsm&y

enaH k*FÂak'cuHk~¬ghaynPaBeBlenaHeTA.

enAeGh§Ibk*dUec~aHEdr ehtuEtcg'Vnekr¶−eQµaHxõs'esµInwgeTvta es¶ceGh§IbeQµaH

ramessTI 2 Vnsagmhaectiy Pyramide TukCakiti¶KuNd*sMxan'rbs'sk´vg§ bnæab'BIenaH

mk eGh§Ibk*cuHfybn¶icm¶g@ drabmk.

karcuHfy²TiìBlTSgeyIgTSgeKenH KWbN¶almkBIkarG~k¨Kb'¨Kg¨sva¨bTajEtnwg

erOgkiti¶ys cg'¨bkYtnwgGaTieTBCak'cºas'Nas'.

²LèvenH xÆ¬MsUmniyayGMBI¨beTsEdleKVnce¨mInv^jm¶g. etIeKcat'kary"agdUcem¶c

xÂH? dUcy"ag¨beTsCbu"n kalBIstvt§r_TI 19 es¶crbs'eKeQµaHGFiraC emGiC (Meiji) Bùsù

2410 Kùsù 1866 VnPÆak'rlwkeQÃgyl'fa : ¨beTsCbu"n¨tèvEtmanG~kecHd·ge¨cInteTA

GnaKteTIbVnce¨mIn ehIyKµannrNa¨bmafVn. KitdUec~aHk*cat'bJØènkUnsis§[ecjeTA

eronenAbreTsCae¨cIn¨beTs. minyUrbu"nµankUnsis§enaHecHd·g nScMeNHecHd·gmkeFÃIkar

be¨mI¨beTsCbu"nv^j Vnce¨mInCalMdab'drabdl'sBÃ«f©.

ä¨beTs«fk*dUec~aHEdr es¶ceQµaH¨BHVTsem¶ccuLacmekÂA(2) kalBIq~SBùsù 2411

Kùsù 1867 Vncat'kUnecAeK[eTAeronenAbreTsCae¨cInK~adUcy"agelak XYg GP&yvg§,

hÂçg¨bDIP~Myu"gùùù Caedém eKecHd·g¨tLb'mkv^j mancMeNH¨Kb'v^s&ys¨mab'eFÃIkar[¨beTs

«f. äeyIgExµräeNHv^j manes¶cNacat'kUnsis§Na [eTAerondUcCbu"n dUcesomeT?

enAsm&y Bùsù 2411 Kùsù 1867 enaH es¶cExµrkMBugEtdeN¶ImGMNacK~a bg

smÂab'bíèn bíènsmÂab'bg deN¶ImK~aesayraC´smºti¶. ¨bCaBlrd½sÂab'KreCégelIK~a. tmk

manEdr ¨ksYgGb'rMCatibJØènkUnsis§[eTAeronenAbreTs edayCYyp¶l'GaharUbkrN_

edaycMnYnticehIys¶çces¶IgEfmeTot Ék*¨beTsenaHmaneK[GaharbkrN_ bu"En¶m¶g@ eday

ebI¨BHGgðminsBÃ¨BHT&y k*tSg[rd½aPiVlp¶ac'GaharUbkrN_BIsis§enaHCa¨bjab'. sis§

enaHK~aEtletalvegÃgv^lvl' Elgcg'enACaExµr cg'EtsuMb¶èreQµaHcUlsJØatibreTsEtm¶g

edémºIrs'ranmanCév^t. es¶cExµreyIgvaGIcwg ! KMnitenH KWKMnitmincg'[nrNaecHCagxÂçnCaBYk

es¶c bu"En¶minyl'fa KMnitxæb'K~aägmin[ecje¨kAenH CaKMnits¨mab'eFÃIxÆ¬MeKenaHeT. es¶cenH

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ 1- sresr[¨tèvKW Qin Shi Huangdi CamharaCaFiraCcinTI1

2- namBit¨VkdKW ¨BHVTsem¶c¨BHcuLacmekÂAecAyUhY

79

minyl'fa EtkalNa¨bCaCnl©g'ehIy ¨beTsnwgsÄitenACaxÆ¬MeKenaH minyl'eT. sµan

Etfa Gjes¶c GjecH, ecH¨Kb'sBÃÉ? ebIKµan«deCégmån¶IesnabtICaG~kecHpg manEt

BYkGbEGbbnærelIkeCégehkhkmuxe¨kay etIeFÃI[¨suklUtlas'eTAekItÉ? e¨JHehtu

dUec~HehIy, eTIbVnCasBÃ«f© eBlmanGasn~ekIteLIg eyIgxÃHG~kecHd·gsMxan'@ s¨mab'

eFÃIkar eyIgpæ¬kp¶ak'kicÍkarEteTAelIbuKðlmYycMnYn[eFÃIkar ehIyebIBYkenaHeFÃIxusp¶ac'kar

Gava"Eskºt'Cati lk'Cati k*tamEtBYkenaHcat' G~käeTot Kµand·gKµanyl'GÃITSgGs' e¨JH

mind·g minecH KµansmtÄPaBnwgCYytamemIltE¨mt¨mg' ecHkicÍkarenHpgesaH.

dUcmanJk´kaB´brmburaNEtgeJlniyayt@ K~amkfa Ð

\es¶cexÂA namWunexÂA dUcBs'nag¨taveBnmat'CeN¶Ir| .

\es¶c¨VCÆ namWunmhiTìiyk§ dUcBs'BPÂak'eBnmat'TÃar| .

\es¶c¨VCÆ namuWn¨VCÆ dUcBs'naKraCJMEkvmenara| .

enHehIy lTìpl«nkarXat'hamrbs'BYkes¶c BYkelµaPGMNacC÷nan'mun@ EdlEtg

rk{kasC÷Tas'erOy@ min[sis§ecjeTAe¨kA xÂaceTACa¨khm eTACaex¿v. En± ! KMnitenHKYr

[xÂacrGaxÂSgNas' e¨JHCaKMnitEdlnS[¨sukrlayedaymind·gxÂçn.

KYrmancit¶sbº¬rs

xÆ¬MVnsegûteXIjG~kmanf~ak'esd½éKhbtIxÂH ehkhkCYyCatiEtbbUrmat'e¨kA: eGIcS

CYyksagenH cSCYyksagenaH, eGIcSq~Se¨kaysin cSeTA! edkcSeTA! BYkenaH kalsem¶c

sIhnuenA sIhnu¨bkasEk¶g@ xÂackumµ¬ynIs¶cUlmk¨bmUl¨TB´smºti¶TukCarYmsmºac', k*

Vnniyayfa: hwuH, cSq~Se¨kayeTA GjsagkUnsalamYy[ekµgeron, cSdac'ExenHeTA Gj

cUlCasmaCksgðCati, cS«f©EsíkeTAGjykGMeNayeTA[Tahan (kaleNaHTahanenA

Ót¶rmanC&ynig¨BHv^harkMBug¨kx§t'Gt'XÂany"agxÂSg rd½aPiVlGMJvnav[CnCati «rGgðas

múèbkMb"ugykeTA[TahanTSgenaH). EsíkCaEsík «f©eNHCa«f©eNaH ExenHCaExenaH q~SenHCa

q~Se¨kay, manGIGt'TeT! GjKµanrvl'nwgesck¶IGMJvnavsíITSgGs'! nrNaeFÃIGIeFÃIeTA! dl'

mksm&yenHeTot ¨bCaCnExµrkMBugliclg'k~¬grlkmhn¶rayvinas¨TB´smºti¶Gs'rlIg ¨Kç

sar¨Jt'¨Vs'K~a, kUnExµrkM¨Je¨tob¨ta, xÃHC¨mk, xÃHGahar xÃH{sfedkcSEtsÂab'¨Kb'Tis

tMbn'ùùù KWfaCévPaB¨bCaCnExµr kMBug¨tèvcMraj'TwkEP~kE¨skehAC÷nYyrlUg@ùùù k*BYkGPiCn BYk

esd½éKhbtITSgenaHxæb'EP~k biT¨tecok ElgeXIjElg¾TSgGs'. nrNasÂab' nrNaevTna

Gjmind·gTSgGs'. rd½aPiVlGMJvnavùùù GMJvnavx´l'eTA! GjGWueGIEtmat', cS«f©enH«f©

eNaH ExeNHExeNaH suMCYy[enH[enaH. edkcSeTA ebIrebHGMbilmYy¨Kab'!

En± G~kman¨sukExµrvamanGIcwg vaminEmndUcBYkesd½éKhbtIGIu¨saEGl eKenAdl'eTA

shrd½GaemrikäeNaH eKecjluyecjkak'epÆéeTArd½aPiVleK [rd½aPiVleKmankmÂSgeFÃI

80

kartsUßCamYyGar"ab'. ebIminVnGI k*GMeBIsbº¬rsenaHäg CakarelIkTwkcit¶TahaneK elIkTwk

cit¶G~kd·knSrd½eKy"agCak'Es¶gEdr. äesd½éKhbtI¨sukägedkcSemIl GWueGIEtmat'e¨kA.

kalsem¶csIhnuenA BYkG~kkMNaj'¨Tws¶IsµèrenaH niyayGagelsfa sagsõanÉ

salaeFÃIGI ebIsem¶cÒykeTAdak'eQµaHsem¶cÒTSgGs'enaH? Vt'eQµaHägGs'rlIg Vn

¨beyaCn_GI? luHdl'sm&yenH BYkdEdlenH niyayeTotfa CYyeFÃIGI ebIBYkenHsuTìEtBYkBuk

rlYy, xØilrvl'CYyeFÃIGI.

En±! vaeTACaGIucwg! BYkTSgenaHmanelsrhUt. tamBitebIsagsala, pæHeBT´,

sagTIC¨mk, bricÍaK¨Vk'kas¨sèvGgûr[¨bCaCnEdlK~amanrbt'rt'lUn mkc¨muHkºalK~adUc

dgûèvenAP~MeBjk¶I enATINak¶Iùùù edaypæal'«deTA etIVt'eQµaHeyIgäNa? GMeNaymnus§Fmá

eyIgmanFÂak'eTAelI«dBYkEdleyIgfa BukrlYyenaHäNa? ebIeyIg¨bkan'bk§BYk eyIg¨b

kan'eTAcuH enHminEmn¨bCaraås¶ExµrenAkan'bk§BYk dUceyIg«m"enaHäNa? KWeyIg¨bKl'[cM-

eJHmnus§Gt'XÂanEtbu"eNöaH minEmn[mnus§EdleyIgsíb'enaHeT KW[dl'raås¶ExµrEdlCa

BUCGMbUreyIgeTetI.

tamBiteTA KYreyIgG~kman@, KhbtIemIm@ manmnsikarCati mansgðhFmáxÂHeTApg

k~¬gevlaEdl¨sukeyIgkMBuglg'licenH e¨JHeyIgral'K~asuTìEtfacg'eFÃItamGIu¨saEGl

ehIysuTìEtfa eyIgCaBuTìsasnikecHeFÃIbuN´sunær_TanenaHpg.

KYrÓs§ah_kt'¨ta¨Bwti¶karN_ep§g@

tamFmµta äksar nig¨Bwti¶karN_TSgLay«nsaklelaknig¨beTsCati rEmgman

tMkl'TukenAbNöal&yCati. bNöal&yCatiCaXÂSgäksard*FM. bu"En¶cMeJHbNöal&yCati

eyIgv^j ebImanG~kniBnìNa ¨tèvkar¨sav¨CavrkäksarNamYyenaHBiVkrkNas' ehIyCYn

kalrkBuMVnpg CaBiess«f©Ex«n¨Bwti¶karN_C÷nan'mun@ rkKµanesaHEtm¶g BIe¨JHKµannrNa

nwgrvl'kt'¨taTukesaH.

¨bkarmYyeTot mkBIG~kxÂHeTABinit´äksarÉGanesovePAmuxNamYy eXIjerOg¨tg'

EdlxÂçn¨tèvkar xØilcmÂg k*tSglYcEhk¨tg'vKðenaHmYydu÷ecjmkCasmºti¶pæal'Etm¶g. KMnit

enHc«¨gFM e¨JHVnbMVt'äksarmYyTeT min[G~kd«Td·gpg. sUmGs'elakEdlmanKMnit

enH emt¶aGaNitdl'G~ke¨kay@ EdlK~acg'd·genaHpg. ebIGs'elakEhkykEtm~ak'ägeTA

K~aVnGÃIemIl? KYrKitGaNitEckcMeNHecHd·gdl'K~a eTIb¨sukeyIgsmºèrG~kecHd·g.

má"geTot äksarenA¨sukExµrBiVkrkNas' e¨JHG~kkan'karrd½ecHEtkb'bMVt'ecal

Éka«L[eTACadUec~HdUec~aH ykEtlík~¬gC÷nan'xÂçnTSgGs'.

karkb'bMVt'ecal Ék*ka«L¨bvti¶saås¶enaH eKsegûteXIjCaBiessBYkes¶cenHEt

m¶g. k~¬grCØkalmYy@ rbs'xÂçn BuMEdleXIjmanniyayGMBIerOgGa¨kk'esaH suTìEtlíTSg

81

Gs' ehIyebImanGa¨kk'xÂHenaH KWes¶ce¨kayCaG~k[eKsresrnUverOges¶cmunEdlsÂab'eTA

ehIy tamGMeBIGa¨kk'es¶cenaHy"agNa@ Etbn¶icbu"eNöaH. erOgGa¨kk'KµansUvnrNakt'¨ta

TukeTenAk~¬gvSg bu"En¶erOgGa¨kk' erOgeXareXA erOgGBmgðlenAk~¬gvSg EbrCa¨tèvVneKraås¶

Edld·genaH nSmkniyayp§BÃp§ayeTAv^j. eyIgEdld·gerOgk~¬gvSgfa es¶cGava"Es ep¶s

p¶asya"gem"cenaH k*edaysarEtJkéKniyay²tlaylkÅN_Gk§renaHEdr.

má"geTot rMlwkeLIgv^j q~S 1968 enH sem¶csIhnu EdlxÂacmenaKmv^CØacin¨khm

cUl¨sukExµr ehIyxÂac¨tèvraås¶¨khmcab'B´çrkenaH k*[¨ksYgsn¶isux¨by&t~¨bEyg k~¬g

erOgesovePAcineb"kSgcUl¨suk. ¨ksYgenHk*¨bkasK¨mamkMEhgrkeQµaHNaEdlmanesov

ePAÉTs§navd¶écinkumµ¬ynIs¶y"agxÂSg. G~kxÂacKuk¨cvak' ehIyEdlFÂab'manesovePAÉTs§na

vd¶écineb"kSg eBlenaH¨bmUldutecalKµansl' xÂHdutrhUtdl'eTAesovePAÉTs§navd¶érus§I

kUer"xageCég yYnhaNUyeTAeTot.

äksarCae¨cInEdlniyayBI¨Tws¶Ikumµ¬ynIs¶enaH ¨tèvrlayGs'mYysark~¬g¨KaenaH.

eXIjeT xÂackumµ¬ynIs¶ K¨mamraås¶[dutäksarerOgkumµ¬ynIs¶ecal. dl'eTAxwgnwg

GaemrikSg tSgrkerOgdUec~HdUec~aHeTot. äksarenA¨sukExµrC÷nan'sIhnu ¨Bwl@ TSgGs'

niyayykEtBIlí GYtsresIrEttYsIhnumYy bgÃ^lerOgBit[eTACaerOgBuMBitv^j. erOgman

e¨cIn erOgsmÂab'Exµr¨khmenAext¶kMBg'FMy"agrgðal erOgsmÂab'Exµr¨khmenAsMLèt, P~Mvay

cab ext¶Vt'd÷bg .l. nig .l. etImannrNahßansresrp§ayeT?

Jk´BitErgEsÂg ! sÂab' ! KµannrNahßanp§ayeT !

bu"En¶karBitvaenAEtBit maneKG~kkt'¨taenAEtlbkt'¨taVnGIcwgeTAEdr. KWGa¨s&y

edaykarlbkt'¨tadUec~HehIy eTIb¨bvti¶BitBImun vaGacpuseLIgVnenAeBlenH.

ehtudUec~H eTIbxÆ¬MsUmbgbíènyuvCnTSgGs'emt¶aÓs§ah_kt'¨taeTApg nUv¨Bwti¶karN_

enA¨sukeyIg ¨sNukdl'kUnecAeyIgvasYr eyIgmancemÂIycºas'las'tbeTAv^j.

má"geTotxÆ¬MsUmeFÃIsMNUmBr cMeJHGs'mit¶EdlmankMNt'äksarep§g@ enaH sUm

emt¶akuMlak'Tuksm©Md·gEtägeFÃIGÃI ebImanbíèn@ yuvCnG~k¨sav¨CavK~acUlmksYr sUm[K~ad·g

pg. eyIgEckK~ad·gp§ayd÷NwgVne¨cInK~a ¨sukeyIgsmºèrG~kd·g eyIgminvegÃgv^lvl' dUc

kalknÂgmkehIyenaHesaHeLIy.

samKðIGågûg

kalBIq~S 1964 xÆ¬M¨BmTSg¨KçsarVneTAelgcMkarenAcºarGMeBA EdlCacMkarrbs'

ÒBukm¶ayxÆ¬MyUrGEgÃgehIy. xÆ¬MVns¨makenAe¨kamedémsÃaymYyedém EP~kxÆ¬MemIlelIeTAEmk

sÃay eXIjsMbukGågûgenAcugEmkmYyenaH. eBlenaHmanx´l'FÂak'mk mind·gehtuGÃI ¨sab'

EtmankUnEmkBukmYyFÂak'¨bwbmkBIelImkcMsMbukGågûgenaH dUceKykeQImkvayTmÂ¬HdUec~aHùùù

82

¨sab'Et¨khm¨VkecjmkEtm¶g Gågûgd*líit@ enaHsæ¬HecjBIsMbukmke¨kAdUcCamanGasn~

FM rt'cuHrt'eLIg¨besc¨bsaceBjsÂwkeQICt@ enaHmYyrMeBc dUcCadN¶wgsYrK~a¨bjab'¨b-

jal' GMBIerOgehtuEdlmanGÃIeFÃI[rJØçysMbukGmºaj'mij. minEtbu"eNöaH BYkvamYycMnYn

¨sab'EtcuH¨s mkdl'Kl'mYyrMeBc KUT-gxæIt mat'ha¨cvab dUcCacS¨bugCae¨sc nwg¨bhar

síINaEdlb"HJrdl'va. xÆ¬Myl'fa GaBYkcuHmkenH TMngCacuHmksegûtkarN_xag«pæe¨kam.

GaBYkenHeLIgeTAv^j CYbnwgK~IK~aenAJk'kN¶aledémsÃay k*tSgQb'CYbK~abn¶ic TMngCa

niyay¨Vb'K~afa : xage¨kamKµankarN_GIÃeT.

edémºIcg'd·gcit¶GågûgenaHm¶geTot xÆ¬MykEmkòs§IeTAj¬lsMbukvabn¶iceTot ¨sab'Et

¨B¬leLIgeTot ¨khmPíwsecjmke¨kA xÂHcuHmkKl' xÂHeLIgeTAcug suTìEtBIelOn e¨JHvaman

Gasn~¨tèvEt¨bjab' kiriyavargésrgasKKatGg'GacdUc@ K~a.

eXIjGågûgmanskmµPaBKKatGg'Gac¨Bm@ K~adUec~H xÆ¬MnwkEbkKMnitmkrkKitCatiExµr

enAeBlekItsågðam ebIVn¨bEhldUcstÃGågûgenH ¨bEhlCaxµSgs¨tèvminhßanQÂanJn

CatiExµreyIgeT. xÆ¬MVnmkP~MeBjv^j xÆ¬MenAnwkerOgstÃGågûgenHEmnETneTA k*rt'rkelak jèg-

esOg EdlCamit¶ [elakCYyEtgkaB´s¶IGMBIsamKðIGågûgenHeLIg.

xÆ¬MsUmbYgsYgsUm[critCatiExµrTSgmUl mansamKðIrYbrYmK~adUcstÃGågûg ecHrYbrYmK~a

TSgFMTSgtUc ecHmUlmat'K~a nSK~akarJrCatiExµr[VnrugerOgsÄitesÄrcIrkalteTA kuMbIGak'

xaneLIy nwgsuM[VnCaCatimYymankiti¶namk~¬gGasIuGaeK~y_enH.

samKðIGågûg

Gågûgcgmit¶CaBYk¨kum rYmp¶¬÷samKIðTI¨tg'Na

eFÃICasMbukTukrk§a BgeBje¨tob¨taPÆas'bMEbk.

kekItCakUnBUnCaecA VnCajatiepAe¨cInGenk

rayK~ayamlºatcat'EcgEck ¨Kb'EmksareBIeQIlMenA.

¨buge¨bobeCégkarTSgyb'«f© E¨kgxµSgc«¨gcit¶eXareXA

rMelaPrukranJncUleTA C^HCan'lMenArbs'va.

kalNaEmkeQIregðéPÂam va²tTImTam²trYjra

EknBl¨bjab'qab'sæ¬Hsæa BuHJrttSg¨bqSgtb.

beJÍjcgûèmKUT g esæIt EP~kesÂasÂn'esÂIteGItrhb

snæ¬HTwkcit¶²tj"mj"b ¨bug¨bb¨byuTìhutsIusac'.

G~kE¨scMkarNak*d·g kalxÂçnxM¨bwgya"gb¶èrp¶ac'

eLIgebHGÃI@ CacSVc' vH@ ¨bkac'BIcugeQI.

Gågûg¨BçtK~aTSgryJn' xSeVsminTan'Pan'géegé

83

GaxÂHxSEP~kE¨CkElÃgelI GaxÂHrukerIxagElÃge¨kam.

xSehIyenamdak'cak'cUlEP~k kneyIg¨bwgE¨skC^telcepam

«Gya"s'-«GyU"yGågûgecam B&TìeLamCu÷C^tritxSxÂSg.

eVscºètsmÂab'Gs'BYkmun BYke¨kayeTÃKuNEfmkmÂSg

rab'ryJn'muWncUlttSg ¨bqSgxMxScS¨BçtK~a.

NaEdlgab'munk*gab'eTA NaEdlrs'eTA²trYjra

sågðãt¨suH¨sbn¶K~a b¶èrp¶ac'BuHJrcºSgykC&y.

enHKWsamKðIstÃGågûg samKðIhµt'hµgcgmann&y

TukCat¨mab'cºab'¨b«B mnus§elakKYr«l«KKitcuH.

jèg esOg

84

Gvsankfa

Gs'elakG~kGanCaTIeKarB,

tSgBITMB&rTI 1 erogmkdl'enH xÆ¬Msresr xÆ¬MeJl KWekIteLIgedaysuTìcit¶rbs'xÆ¬M Edl

xÆ¬Mcg'[bgbíèneyIg CaBiessyuvCneyIg mankarPÆak'r®kkan'EtxÂSgeLIg kan'«dK~arwty"ag

ENnehIycit¶[esµaHCYyywteyag¨beTsmYy EdleyIgral'K~akMBugepÆéCév^tsBÃ«f© ehIy

EdlkMBugFÂak'¨T¬De¨TamKYr[GnicÍa [VnegébmuxnwgeKeLIgv^j k~¬gstvt§r_e¨kay@ eTot.

cMeJH exmrCnmÍas'Twkdékmõ¬CanaGnaKtkal, xÆ¬MsUmbn'¨sn' sUmkuM[manvasnaGa-

¨kk'CUrct' lík'xÃl'dUcCaeyIgxÆ¬MVnTTYlnastvt§r_enHeTot[esaH. sUm[VnsuxcMerIn

manvDónPaB suPmgðldrabelIKnÂgyuti¶Fmá smPaB esrIPaB ¨bCaFibety´ d*Bit¨Vkd !

cMeJHxÆ¬M xÆ¬MsUmeb¶CÆaedayscÍvacam¶geTot enATMB&rcuge¨kayenHfa : ÇxÆ¬MsUmsÂab'edémºI

Exµr ekItedémºIExµr nigrs'edémºIExµrÈ . erogral'Cati xÆ¬MsUm[VnekItCaExµr rs'CaExµr sÂab'Ca

Exµr kuM[XÂateTAäNaq©ayBITwkdékmõ¬CaenH[esaH .

ehIyxÆ¬MeC¯Cak'fa Gs'elakEdles~haCatism&ybcÍ¬bºn~ ehIyEdlkMBugeXIj¨suk

eyIgEbkVk'K~a hYrEhkK~ay"aggb'gl'sBÃ«f©enH muxCamankarQWcab' ehIymuxCanwgeb¶CÆa

dUcJk´rbs'xÆ¬MxagelIenHEdrBuMxan.

má"geTot xÆ¬MsUmÓTæis ÇcritExµrÈ cMeJH¨BlwgyuTìCnTSgGs' EdlVnbUCaCév^tedémºI

Exµr saFarNrd½ tSgBIenaHmkenH. xÆ¬MsUmeKarB¨Blwg nigv^JïaNkÅnìGs'elakTSgenaH

edayesµaH.

xÆ¬MsUmTuks~a«denHEdlxÆ¬Msnµtfa CakMNb'Gnus§avrIy_k~¬gmYyCév^trbs'xÆ¬M EdlVn

rs'enACagknÂHstvt§r_mkehIy ehIyVnhk'Ehlrlk¨Bwti¶karN_neyaVy¨sukExµresæIr

KµancenÂaHenH TukCaGnus§avrIy_cMeJHGs'elakG~kGanCamit¶ nigyuvCnCabíèn@ enAsm&yenH

nigsm&yt@ eTAeTotedayesµaHGs'BIdYgcit¶. sUmGs'elakG~kGannigyuvCnbíèn@ TSgGs'

TTYlnUvesck¶IeKarBrab'Gand*xõg'xõs'GMBIxÆ¬M .

«f©TI 20 kkûda 1973

bußNöcnæ-m"ul

85

matikaerOg

matika TMB&r

Garmkfa ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 2

esck¶Iep¶ém ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 4

C÷BUk 1 : ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 6










Gnusasn_ ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 59

KMnitmanEtGj ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 60

KMnitlYcykeyabl'eK ù ù ù ù ù ù 61

KYrEtBie¨KaHsaksYr ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 61

KMnitxÂacneyaVy ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 62

KMnitsgswksYrBUC ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 62

KMnitpÍaj'pÍal ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 63

KMnitelaPBe¨gcB¨g·lù ù ù ù ù ù ù 64

KMnitc«¨g ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 65

cUr¨by&t~mnus§C÷nit ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 66

emGMe× ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 67

sÃaJk'mû¬d ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 69

ebImincºas'kuMGHGag ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 70

86

KYrEtniyayEterOgman¨beyaCn_ ù ù ù ù ù 70

KYrBt'eQIkalenABItUc ù ù ù ù ù ù 71

KYrs©çn¨KglkÅN:ExµrxÂHpg ù ù ù ù ù ù 73

GMBIerOgTuksk'esH ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 73

KbºImWugm"at'[VnyUrGEgÃg ù ù ù ù ù ù 74

karsnæiHsg§&y ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 75

ehtuGÃIVnCaeyIgcuH{nfy? ù ù ù ù ù ù 77

KYrmancit¶sbº¬rs ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 79

KYrÓs§ah_kt'¨ta¨Bwti¶karN_ep§g@ ù ù ù ù ù 80

samKðIGågûg ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 81

Gvsankfa ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù 84

87

GMNrKuN

G~kniBnìsUmEfÂgGMNrKuN¨Cale¨CAcMeJH Ð

- elak tan'-KimhYn ¨bFansPaCati EdlVnp¶l'nUv«f©Ex«n¨Bwti¶karN_xÂHsm&y

mun

- G~kniBnì Kuy-Lèt EdlVnp¶l'äksarsm&ye¨kaymkeTot ¨BmTSgVnCYy

cat'Ecg ÇcritExµrÈ drabmanCarUbragenH .

bußNöcnæ-m"ul

tmûl'Tuktamelx 649

cuH«f©TI 5 kkûda 1973

RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR

vayGk§rsaeLIgv^j: Xun-BIm"Uc

CYyBinitńigEks¨mçl: man'¨Bwk

shrd½Gaemrik 2004

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