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Check : ( , ) : - : 1996 1 : @p5 1 it 1. It is ... for (of)to 102. It is ... that S + V 123. It is 144. It seems(appears) that 165. It is said that 186. find it... to 207. think itfor...to 22 2 8. onethe others... 249. oneanother... 2610. someothers... 2811. by oneself 3012. say to oneself 3213. devote oneself to 3414. nothing but 36

15. that (those) of 3816. as such 38 3 , 17. the + 4018. by the week 4019. all but 4220. be sure to 42 4 21. make A (out) of B 4422. have nothing to do with 4423. be supposed to 4624. + + 4825. + + 50

26. + + 5227. have + + 54 5 28. , , will 5629. would 5830. would like to 6031. have only to 6032. had better 6233. may well 6434. might as wellas... 6635. may have + 6836. should have + 7037. have been ing 72

6 38. too ... to 7839. + to 8040. ... enough to 8241. be likely to 8442. be to 8643. 8644. 88 7 45. + () 90

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46. + () 90@p649. 50. 51. + 52. frankly speaking53. with + + 54. There + be + + 55. spend + + ing56. S + V + 8 57. 10858. 11059. avoiding 11260. minding 11461. remembering 11462. There is noing 11663. It is no useing 11664. be worthing 11865. ... of one's own ing 11866. be used to ing 12067. look forward to ing 12068. on ing 12269. in ing 122

70. cannot help ing 12471. prevent from ing 126 9 72. (1) 13273. (2) 13474. 136 10 75. where, when 13876. why, how, that 14077. who 142 85 what is better 15478. one of which 4479. the sameas 14680. that 148

81. but 15082. as is often the case with 15083. what is called15284. A is to B what C is to D. 15286. what withand 15687. what one is 15688. 15889. 160 11 90. not always 16291. notat all 16492. anything but 16693. neither A nor B 168

94. not only A but also B 17095. cannottoo 17296. never withouting 17497. never but17498. far from 17699. beyond one's176100. by no means 178 12 101. as as can 180102. than any other 182

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103. not so much A as B 184104. rather A than B 184105. less than 186@p7107. no less than 188108. no more than 188109. no more than 190110. all the better for 190111. much (still) more 192112. much (still) less 192113. the + , the + 194114. + and + 194 13 115. as soon as 200116. no sooner than 202117. nottill (until) 204118. It won't belong before 206119. notbefore 206120. The time when 208121. as long as 208122. ... by the time 210123. Once 210 14 , 124. as to 212

125. sothat ... 214126. , so (that)... 216127. for fear(that)(should) 218128. with a view to ing 218129. to one's surprise 220130. ..., only to . 222131. , till(at last)... 222 15 , 132. not because 224133. Now(that) 226134. in that 228 16 135. howevermay ... 234

136. even if(though) 236137. whetheror not 236138. Young as he is, ... 238139. with (for) all 240140. Much as 240 17 , 141. if /unless 242142. If S were , S would + 244143. If S had + , S should have + 244144. If ...should 246145. If it were not for 248146. I wish + 250147. To here her talk, 252

148. as if (though) + 254149. as(so) long as 256150. provided (that) 258151. , otherwise... 258 18 152. ( + + ) 160153. (() + V + S) 262154. It isthat(who)... 264155. - 266156. - 266

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157. - - 268158. 268159. 270160. , 270@p9 1 it (Structure 1~7) 2 (Structure 8~16) 3 , (Structure 17~20) 4 (Structure 21~27) 5 (Structure 28~37) Check your structure power Word power check Super Reading @p10 1. It is ... for (of)to It Is necessary for you to help them. . (check point) (1) (It is ... forto ) ( ...) . It is : necessary, important, possible .You are necessary to help them. (X)He is difficult to do so. (X)He was impossible to do so. (X)He's difficult to please. (O)He is impossible to work with. (O)

(2) for(of) () . (3) It is kind, cruel, wise, thoughtful, foolish, silly, nice, gIt is very kind of you to help him. = You are very kind to help him.It is careless of you to ignore him. = You are careless to ignore him. GRAMMAR CHECK A - .

(1) . It is necessary (__) (__) (__) leave at once. (2) (__) is impossible (__) them (__) finish it by tomorrow.(3) .

It is careless (__) you (__) leave the baby alone.@p11

GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. ( ) -. (1) - . (get, you, is, for, it, angry, natural, him, to, with). (2) . (his, is, unwise, it, refuse, you, of, to, offer) (3) . (for, early, good, it, keep, is, to, hours, you) 2. . (1) It is necessary for the farmer to sow more seed than is necessary if he wishes to get a firstrate crop. > sow seed ( ) / firstrate (, ) (2) It is easy for us to speak ill of a man behind his back, but difficult to

praise him to his face. > to one's face (-) (3) Within the framework of formal schooling it is important for teachers to bring anelement of curiosity to the y classroom. A desire to learn makes the act of studying and learning a delight. > formal schooling ( ) (4) It is necessary in this age in which machines do so much thinking for oneto acquire the habit of reading, and not to allow one's mind to become lazy. 3. ( ) - .

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. (wrong, too, spending money)@p12 2. It is ... that S + V It is true that honesty pays. ( .) (1) (It is ... that S> (S ...) . (2) (It is forto > (> 1) , (It is ... that S~) It (3) that - . that . (4) It is natural, necessary, strange, surprising It is strange that you should not know such a thing. = It is strange that youdon't know such a thing. ( .) (5) (It is ... whether(=if)~) (... ...) It It is doubtful whether (=if) they will come to the party. ( GRAMMAR CHECK A 1. - .(1) . (__) is certain (__) she is the cleverest of all.(2) . (__) (__) true (__) he is honest.(3) . (__) is doubtful (__) she will pass the driving test.@p13 GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. ( ) -.(1) .

(well, it, that, speaks, English, true, is, he)(2) .(doubtful, this machine, it, whether, is, works well)(3) .(is, thought, a, free, common saying, that, it, is) 2. . (1) It is curious that the human species, in spite of its long wild life in the past, should have no distinctive call, or calls universally understood. > human species () call = shout (cry) (2) In reading it is very important that you identify yourself closely with the author. Regardless of the chapter or article you choose to read you may be sure that it waswritten. written with a specific purpose.

> identify oneself with(... ) (3) It is very difficult that you select a book of value to you from among thelargenumber of books available today. Yet, the harder the selection is, the greater will be the joy when you've come across the very book you have looked for. (4) It is doubtful whether the plane will arrive on time. 3. ( ) - . . (necessary, that)@p14 3. it is It Is clear who broke this window. ( .) (1) It who( ) . (2) who, what, when, where, why, how, whether

It is none of your business how much I weigh. ( It is not clear when the man was born. ( .) (3) It : It's your decision whether you go or stay. ( .) It is still unknown where the treasures were hidden. ( GRAMMAR CHECK A, 1. - .(1) .It isn't certain (__) he is still alive.(2) .

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It is clear (__) did it.(3) .It is not known (__) they left their motherland.@p15 GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. ( ) -.(1) - .(is not, he, where, it, died, known).(2) .(not, who, it, clear, said, such,'a thing, is).(3) .(when, it, clear, not, they, will, is, leave) 2. . (1) It is not important how much a man knows, but it is important what use hemakes of what he knows. > what use he makes of( ... ) (2) It is not important who will do the work, but it is important when the work will be done. (3) Most English poets have Written a great deal about birds; but very littlehas beenwritten about insects. It is not clear why they have been silent about insects. > a great deal () (4) It is not clear why the English colonized so much of the world. I think one of the

reasons is that, whatever the weather conditions they met abroad, they had already experienced something like them at home. > colonize (- )/ whatever = no matter what (5) It is no problem to me who you are or where you live. 3. ( ) - . . (talk it over)@p16 4. It seems(appears) that~ It seems that he is honest. ( .) (1) (It seems that > (... . ... ) . (2) to . He seems to be honest.(3) seem appear .

It appears that he likes his present job. = He appears to like his present job. ( .) (4) happen It ... that . (It happens that~) ( ..., It happened that he was out of town then. =He happened to be out of town then.( .) GRAMMAR CHECK A 1. - .(1) .It (__) (__) I passed his house.(2) .(__) (__) that he was sick in bed.(3) .(__) appears (__) you are all mistaken.

@p17 GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. ( ) .(1) It seems that he is content with his job. (He )(2) It happened that the house was on fire. (The house )(3) It appears that he is in good health. (He ) 2. .(1) It seems that many superstitions still survive among us. Of course they aremorecommon among uneducated people. But to the intellectual people of the higher cla

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sses, superstitions are by no means unfamiliar. > by no means ( ... )(2) It seems that we are more selfcentered and egoistic than our parents, whosacrificed much to give us the advantages we have today. > selfcentered () egoistic () who : because they(3) To many scientists of the nineteenth century it seemed that all of the importantproblems in science were being solved and that there would be little scientificwork to be done in the future. But as the twentieth century opened, revolutionary changes began to take place in almost every field of science. > revolutionary () 3. ( ) - . . (it, then)@p18 5. It is said that It Is said that he is in hospital now. ( .) Check Point(1) (It is said that> (() ... ) .(2) It (It is ... that S~) (> 2) , thatThey (People) say that he is in hospital now. = He is said to be in hospital now. ( .) : () - . It is said that he died in China. = He is said to have died in China. * died say () to have died .

GRAMMAR CHECK A 1. - .(1) . It (__) (__) that she is in America now.(2) - - . She is said (__) (__) (__) across the river.(3) . It (__) (__) that a young girl wrote the novel.@p19 GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. ( ) -.(1) .(said, he, a, musician, is, to be, great).

(2) .(It, his father, is, died, said, in battle, that). 2. .(1) It is often said that an American starts a speech with a joke, while a Korean begins making an apology. > while (...) make an apology ()(2) Some discoveries are said to have been made by accident, though we cannot deny the fact that great efforts have been made. > by accident () the fact that (... )(3) It is said that the United States is the melting pot of different races. This fact ismost clearly seen in New York City, where many people of different races live side by side.

> the melting pot ()(4) It has been said that computers have ushered in a "new industrial revolution" which promises to free men's minds from routine tasks just as the machines ofthe first Industrial Revolution freed men's muscles from taxing labor. > usher in ( ) taxing () 3. ( ) - . . (said, that, lawyer)@p20 6. find It ... to I found It difficult to master English. (

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Check Point (1) (find it ... to> (... ... ) . (2) it -, to . to . (3) find believe, think . (> 7) I believe it right to tell him what has happened. ( (4) it .(1) He makes it a rule never to speak badly of others. ( (make it a rule to~) (... ) , (take it for granted that~)(2) I take it for granted that you will be coming to the meeting. ( GRAMMAR CHECK A 1. - .(1) .I (__) (__) safe (__) climb the mountain in winter.(2) .I take (__) (__) granted (__) he will fail.(3) .I make (__) a rule (__) study before dinner.@p21 GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. ( ) -.(1) .(a rule, to, a, she, never, makes, coffee, have, it).(2) .(difficult, every day, a, it, I found, keep, to, diary).

(3) .(it, he, for granted, 1, took, that, come, would, to, want). 2. .(1) Every day we see and hear many advertisements. Even if you don't read a newspaper or watch television, and walk around the streets with your eyes down, you'll find it impossible to avoid some form of publicity. > advertisement () publicity ()(2) I make it a rule never to eat or drink too much, because the overeating ofsomething is anything but helpful to the improvement of health.(3) A small child, being weak and defenseless, finds it unbearable to believe that thereare no adults who love, support, and guide him ; and if there are not, he invents them.

(4) The man was a selfconceited person. He took it for granted that he was superior to others. 3. ( ) - . - . (alone, hard, to, job)@p22 7. think Itfor ... to I think It better for us to keep silent. ( .) Check Point (1) (think itfor to~) (... .) . (2) (find (think)it ... to~)(> 6) for , it (3) it kind, stupid He thought it stupid 9f me to go there alone. ( (4) it to , that .

(think it ... that~) ( ... ) .I think it strange that he didn't say anything about it. ( I think it natural that parents (should) love their children. ( GRAMMAR CHECK A 1. - .(1) .I think (__) dangerous (__) her to go out at night.(2) - .They consider (__) foolish (__) Tom (__) travel alone.(3) .

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(3) Three men were taking a walk along a street. One of them was rather old, while the others looked quite young.(4) Joy and sorrow stand hand in hand in Greek literature, but there is no contradiction involved in it. Those who do not know the one do not really know the other. > contradiction () it > - . 3. ( ) - . . , - .(close, friends, is, in, and)@p26 9. oneanother ... One man says this, another that. ( , Check Point (1) (oneanother ...) ( , (2) (A is one thing and B is another) (A , B ) To know is one thing, and to teach is another. ( (3) another . one after another () one another (-) They jumped into the water one after another. ( .) We talked seriously about it one another. ( - GRAMMAR CHECK A 1. ( ) - .(1) A lot of cars caught fire one (before, after, in) another.(2) One man's meat is (other, another, each other) man's poison.

(3) Learning is one thing and common sense is (other, another, something).@p27 GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. ( ) -.(1) - .It is to our benefit to help one (__).(2) - .They are in love with each (__).(3) .To say is one (__) and to do is quite (__). 2. .(l) It is one thing to have a nice library and it is quite another to make wiseuse of it.

> library (-) make wise use of( )(2) It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite another to perform skillfully yourself.(3) To know is one thing and to do is another We know that it is good for the healthto keep regular hours, but very few put it into practice. > very few ( ) put it into practice ( )(4) In the nineteenth century it was generally supposed that to discover nature's lawwas one thing and to make use of these discoveries quite another(5) A learned man is not always a good teacher, for to know much is one thing and to teach well is another 3. ( ) - .

. (another)@p28 10. someothers ... Some agree and others don't. ( .) Check Point (1) (someothers ...) (... ... ) (2) others (other + ) . Some people like him and other people (others) hate. ( (3) (somethe others ... ) - ( ...)

I have a lot of flowers. Some are red and the others are yellow. (

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: I have a lot of flowers. Some are red and others are yellow. ( . GRAMMAR CHECK A 1. - .(1) , .(__) people believed the fortuneteller and others did not.(2) , .(__) animals are nocturnal, but are not.@p29 GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. ( ) -.(1) , - .(easily, some, others, difficulty, with, English, learn, and students)(2) , .(mathematics, good at, others, are, some, at, and, English). 2. .(1) Some say that theory is one thing and practice another, so that they do notnecessarily go together. Others say that it is because of the inaccuracy of theory that the two do not agree. > not necessarily ( ... )(2) There is no doubt that adults, and even highly educated adults, vary greatly in thespeed and efficiency of their reading. Some proceed very slowly throughout; others dash along too quickly and then have to go back.

(3) How is it that some teachers are able to control their classes with a verylight rein, and have no disciplinary troubles, while others must shout and pleadand threaten and still get nowhere with the troublemakers? > rein () get nowhere with (... ) 3. ( ) - . . (Some, them, passed, the)@p30 11. by oneself The old man lives by himself. ( .) Check Point (1) (by oneself) (1) - = alone. (2) = Without help. (3) He wrote this novel by himself. ( .) The machine works by itself. ( .)

(2) . of oneself () in oneself ( , ) beside oneself ( ) to The door opened of itself. ( -.) Do your homework for yourself. ( .) He has a room to himself. ( .) GRAMMAR CHECK A 1. .(1) -.The gate opened (of, in, beside) itself.(2) .I want a bedroom (to, by, beside) myself.(3) -- .I'm afraid of living here (of, in, by) myself.

@p31 GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. - .(1) - .He was (__) himself with joy.(2) .He built this house (__) (__).(3) .Money is not bad (__) (__). 2. .

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(1) It is no less pleasant to do a difficult thing for oneself than to climb asteep mountain. > no lessthan = as muchas, steep ()(2) I found her sitting in a corner by herself, chin in hand, elbow on knee, deep in meditation. > deep in meditation ( )(3) Americans have never believed that childhood was merely a preparation for life. Ithas been their conviction that children are important in themselves. > conviction that(... )(4) So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves that we are becomingincreasingly less dependent on specialized labor. > increasingly ( ), specialized labor ( ) 3. (__) - . - . (stand, itself)@p32 12. say to oneself "Something's funny," she said to herself. (( Check Point (1) (say to oneself) (... ) . (2) (come to oneself) (come to) ( ) . When I came to myself, I was in the hospital. ( .) (3) oneself .enjoy oneself ()(=have a good time)

behave oneself ( )kill oneself () We enjoyed ourselves at the party. ( - .) Now you are a big boy, behave yourself. ( , .) : behave yourself behave . GRAMMAR CHECK A 1. - .(1) .I enjoyed (__) very much at the party.(2) ( ) .He said (__) (__) "I'm unhappy."(3) .He killed (__) in despair.

@p33 1. ( ) -.(1) .(at, they, themselves, party, enjoyed, the)(2) .(but, she, after, minutes, came, a few, fainted, to)(3) - .(lost, in, myself, the, I, woods) 2. .(1) 1 said to myself, "Good opportunity will present itself sooner or later." > good opportunity ( ) present itself (( =arise)(2) One day my father said to me, "Don't overwork yourself. Take good care of yourself."

(3) My father amused himself by reading a detective story after dinner.(4) 1 am reminded of a patient. He knew that he had lung cancer, warned me notto tell his wife. "She'd throw herself out of the window," he said. > lung cancer (}(5) A goat was walking alone along a hillside, when she found herself followedby atiger. She said to herself, "It will be difficult for me to get away. What should I do?" 3. ( ) - . . (way, herself)

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(2) .He is (__) (__) a scholar.(3) .My sister (__) (__) (__) cry.@p37 GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. ( ) -.(1) ?(a, anything, he, scholar, is, of )(2) .(is, a, he, nothing, criminal, but )(3) .(nothing, a, is, of, Tom, musician) 2. .(1) 1 asked him what was the matter but he did nothing butcry. He was evidently in fear of something. > evidently (), be in fear of (... )(2) My teacher said to me, "Don't underestimate Jack. He is anything but a fool." > underestimate () ((>overestimate ()(3) Unless you train your body you can't be an athlete, and unless you train your mind you can't be much of a scholar. > unless( ... )( =ifnot)(4) They look upon automobiles as nothing but a means of transportation, and th

ereforeany car which can run at all is satisfactory. > look upon A as B (A B )(=regard A as B) 3. ( ) - . TV .(nothing, watch TV)@p38 15. that (those) ofThe population of Seoul is greater than that of London. (-

Check Point: that that (that of~) His ears are those of a donkey. ( .) 16. as such He is an able teacher, and should be treated as such. ( Check Point

(as such) (1) ()-, (2) ( (=in itself) I like fruits such as(=like) oranges and apples. ( Money, as such, matters little. ( .) GRAMMAR CHECK A 1. - .(1) .He was an old man and was treated (__) (__).(2) .His salary is lower than (__) (__) his wife.@p39 GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. ( ) -.(1) .

(our ancestors, from, of, our, are, customs, those, different).(2) , .(want, Germany and France, countries, 1, the, to, of Europe, such, visit, as). 2. .(1) In 1956, a single Antarctic iceberg was sighted that was 200 miles long and60 miles widea single piece of freefloating ice with an area half again that of the state of Massachusetts. > Antarctic (), iceberg (), sight (), half again (... 1.5)( =h(2) He ran blindly, in fear such as he had never felt in his life. Slowly, as he made his way awkwardly through the snow, he began to see things again.

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blindly (), in fear (-), make one's way (), awkwardly (-(3) Language is not only a creature of society, but like other social institutions, it is also a creator of society; sharing language is a necessary result anda necessary condition of people living together. But a language is also of vital importance for individuality as such. > creature () ((> creator (), social institutions (), A of vi 3. ( ) - . . (like, those, clothes)@p40 17. the + The rich are not always happy. ( .) Check Point (1) (the + ) ( ) .We took care of the wounded. . (2) (the + ) . The best is often the enemy of the good. ( > 18. by the week You will be paid by the week. ( .) Check Point (1) (by the + ) (...) . (2) (V + O + (by, on ) + the + )(1) (catchby the arm) (... ): () > seize(take, hold, grab(2) (hiton the back) (... ): > knock(pat, strike) soGRAMMAR CHECK A

1. - . . (He pulled me (__)_ (__) sleeve.)@p41 GRAMMAR CHECK B 1. - .(1) He grabbed the man by his hand. ( .)(2) The nurse took care of the sickness. ( .)(3) Cloth is measured by a yard. ( .) 2. .(1) The English possess a sense of humor which is specifically English, unintelligible to, and inimitable by, other people andneedless to addsuperior to the humor of any other nation. > specifically (), unintelligible ( ), inimitable (

(2) The young ignore or neglect the old The young feel they have nothing in commonwith the older generation. But in fact, the world's population is growing steadily older. So the young are beginning to become aware of their responsibilities towards the old again.> ignore (), neglect (), have nothing in common with (...

3. ( ) - . . (hit, the, back)@p41 19. all butI was all but dead at that time. ( .)

Check Point (1) (all but> = (as good as> = (almost> (... ) .

(2) (all too> = (only too> (> 38) ( ...) . The report is only too true. ( .) : all but(=all except) (... ) .cf. All were there but him.

20. be sure toJohn Is sure to win the game. ( .)

Check Point (1) (be sure to~) ( ... ) . = I am sure that John will win the win the game. (2) (be sum of~) (... ) , .

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He is sure of winning. ( .) = He is sure that he : be sure to = be certain to = be bound to GRAMMAR CHECK A 1. ( ) - . . They are (__) (__) (__).@p43 GRAMMAR CHECK B1. ( ) -. - .(1) The party was all but over when we arrived. = The party was (__) over whenwe arrived.(2) You are sure to pass the exam. = It is (__) that you (__) pass the exam.(3) Cathy is sure that she will succeed. = Cathy is (__) (__) succeeding. .(1) He to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead; his eyes are closed.> stand rapt in awe .(2) All too often when later in life you revisit scenes you have known and loved as a child, you find that something strange has happened to them.(3) "When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in Londonall that life can afford." Dr. Johnson's famous words, which are sure to be quoted whenever the topic of London comes up for discussion, certainly suggest something of the powerful charm which Britain's capital city exerts upon visitors.> quote . exert charm upon ~ . capital city

( ) - . . (The task, is, as, done)@p44 21. Make A (out) of B We make lots of things out of paper. . Check point (1) (make A (out) of B) (B '' A ) (2) (make A from B) (B '' A ) = (make B into A) (B '' A Butter is made from milk. . = Milk is made into butter. : B A (out) of, from . 22. have nothing to do with~ I have nothing to do with the affair. . chock point

(have something (nothing) to do with~) (~ . ' ') (have much (little) to do with~) (~ . ' ') GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) . This toy's (__) (__) plastic.(2) . She(__) a great deal to (__) (__) the project.@p45 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) They made the bridge out of stone. > The bridge (__) (__) (__) stone.(2) Wine is made from grapes. > Grapes (__) (__) (__) wine.(3) You have nothing to do with the accident. > You (__) have (__) to do with

the accident. .(1) It seems that we have more things made of plastic these days than of wood.(2) At last, one evening early in January, 1980, my father said to me, "Well, son, what are you going to make of your life?" I said I wanted to be a doctor.(3) In the past 100 years we Americans have made ourselves the most comfortablyhoused people on earth. Much of what we take for granted here would be unimaginable luxury in other parts of the world. Our wealth of natural resources has hada great deal to do with the development of the comforts we enjoy.> Much of what we take for granted ( ) luxury (

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( ) - . . (little, do)@p46 23 be supposed to~ You are supposed to clean the room. . (1) (be supposed (expected) to > ( ~ ), (~), (~ We are not supposed to spit here. - . (2) (come 'learn, get' to~) (~ ) . She came to live with her aunt. . (3) (manage to~) ( -~) . I managed to get to the station on time. . (4) (fail to > (~ ) . I failed to be on time. . (don't (never, cannot) fail to~) ( ~) . Never fail to come on time. = Be sure to come on time. = Come on time withoutfail. . GRAMMAR CHECK A ( ) - .(1) - . They (came, became) to hate each other.(2) . I (couldn't fail, failed) to keep my promise.@p47 GRAMMAR CHECK B .(1) We are not supposed to smoke here. > We ( must not, don't have to ) smoke

here.(2) He managed to complete his homework. > He completed his homework with (ease, difficulty).(3) She'll never fail to keep her words. > I She is sure to (break, keep) herwords. .(1) In spite of these insults he managed to keep his temper.> insult ( ) keep one's temper (- )(2) After I had remained in any particular room for about a week, I found that.my body came to know where things were located in the dark, and what movementswere likely to push me into a wall.> be located ( ) what ( know )(3) All ignorance harms or hurts someone or something. No doubt there are times

when all of us fail to see why it should hurt to be ignorant, say, of foreign languages. What possible difference can the ability to speak one or more of suchlanguages make to tomorrow's world?> why it should hurt to be ignorant (it , to be ignorant ) say ( ) - .

(1) . (fail)@p4824 + +

I've never heard her speak ill of others. check point (1) .#1 () : see, watch, look at, observe#2 () : hear, listen to

#3 () : feel#4 () : find, notice, observe, perceive (2) ( + O + ) (~ ~ ~) . I(S) saw(V) him(O) talk(V) with her. . : , to . He was seen _to talk_ with her. (3) ( + O + ) (~ ~ ...) . I saw him walking. ( .) (4) ( + O +) ( ~ ......) I heard my name called. ( .)

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: SVOC- (C) O C , GRAMMAR CHECK A

( ) -(1) . I (shaking, ground, felt, the).(2) . Kate (room, them, enter, the, saw).@p49 GRAMMAR CHECK B ( ) (1) They noticed her (wait) for Bill. ( (2) 1 listened to the sonata (play) on the piano. ( (3) She was seen (cry) by her friends. ( .) .(1)Suddenly he heard a noise above him and felt a little creature settle on hishand.> settle ()(2)The leaf will be seen to open and close as night and day succeed each other,and to change its angle as it follows the sun across the sky.> succeed ()(3) Man has always dreamed of flying. He has seen leaves carried into the air by the wind. He has seen birds gliding in the air and watched butterflies flyingfrom one place to another.(4) 1 see its snowwhite feathers, its short, terribly competent legs stretchedout behind; but, except for my vision, I would not be aware of its presence.> terribly competent ( ), vision (), except for = but for = with out

@p50 ( ) - .1. . (find) (7)@p50 25 + + I saw him caught by the police. . check point (1) SVOC O C (+) . O C Keep the door closed. ( : ) . He kept me waiting long. ( : ) . (2) #1 : make, keep, leave, think, want, see Can you make yourself understood in French? ?

#2 : keep, leave, see We mustn't keep them waiting. - . (3) (find + + ) I awoke to find myself lying on the sofa. . GRAMMAR CHECK A ( ) -.(1) - . I'm sorry to (waiting, you, have kept).(2) .He (door, left, the, unlocked) last nig@p51 GRAMMAR CHECK B ( ) .(1) I would like the eggs (boil). ( .)(2) Never leave the water (run). ( .)

(3) She soon found (her) enjoying the travel. ( .(1) You should not again leave us unwritten to for a month.(2) All the members of the family did the various jobs necessary to keep the home going.(3) People who travel to foreign countries often have trouble in making themselves understood when they can only speak one language.(4) My mother encouraged me in my painting but never lived to see any of my works exhibited in public.> to see ( ), exhibit ()

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(5) He began writing, in prison, the brilliant stories that were destined to make his name honored and loved wherever the English language is spoken. It is quite probable that he would never have written at all if he hadn't been sent to prison.> be destined to~ = be bound to ... (~ .) ( ) - . - . (7) (find, darkness)@p52 26 + + They made us do the work) all day. . check point (1) (~ ~) SVOC .#1 make, let, have, bid . We made him do the job. : to . He was made to do that. , let, have .#2 #1 (get, cause ) to.We got him to clean up the room.

(2) have, get ( ~ ) . I had her sweep the yard.=1 got her to sweep the yard.(3) (have + + ) .

She had her only son die. .

: Let me~ ( ~ ) . Let me have a try. : make (- ~) let () (~ ) have, get - GRAMMAR CHECK A .(1) . She will make you ( do, to do ) the work.(2) . The news caused me (jump, to jump).@p53 GRAMMAR CHECK B ( ) -.(1) . Nothing (my, me, can, make, change, min(2) . Please (know, when, let, you, me, return).(3) - . She (help, made, to, them, was). .

(1) English is much more regular in spelling than the traditional criticisms would have us believe.(2) Do not let those great possibilities to practice and improve your languageability pass. Each time you talk with a foreigner, even a few words, you are much closer than before to your goal of becoming a good English speaker.(3) The words my friend had written made me see clearly that when I had fallenshort in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usuallybecause I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.> fall short ( , ), fear of failure ( ), at all ( ( ) - . . (6) (to, cook fish)@p54 27 have+ +

She had the box carried inside. . ckeck point (1) have, get (~ ) 5 I had (got) the door mended. ( : ) .cf. I had him mend the door. ( : ) = 1 got him to mend the door. . (2) (have (get) + O + ) . He had (got) his purse stolen. ( -) .cf. I got my wrist broken. .

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(3) (have (get) + O + ) = (~ ~ .) I won't have you smoking. (have = allow) . I got the video working. (* get = start) . GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) . She had her hat (__) off.(2) . I got my car (__) this morning.@p55 GRAMMAR CHECK B ( ) -.(1) . (hair, just, I, cut, had, have, my).(2) . (down, house, burned, had, they, their).(3) . (changed, the, get, to, plan, like, I'd). .(1) He and his wife had two female relatives staying with them during the summer.(2) We had visiting us at this time a nervous first cousin of mine named John Smith, who believed that he was likely to cease breathing when he was asleep.> first cousin () cease breathing ( )(3) The period between twenty and thirty years of age is the most important ofall learning periods. If you do not get the required study you need for your future work accomplished during these years, you will more than likely not get it done at all.> get the required~future work. more than likely = very likely (~

( ) - . . (have, done)@p56 28 , , will He will have his own way. .check point (1) will #1 ( ~ ) . (, )#2 (will not~) ( ~ ) . ()The door will not open. - .#3 (~ ) . (, )She will often sit in the sun for hours.#4 (~ ) . (, )

(2) shall will#1 , ( ~ ) .I shall(=will) never forget your kindness.#2 2, 3 , - . (~ ~ ) ()You shall have this watch. = I will give you this watch.She shall start soon. = I will make her start soon. (3) may . May you be happy! ! GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) . Oil (__) float on water. (2) . Accidents (__) happen.@p57

GRAMMAR CHECK B .(1)You shall have my answer soon. > (__) (__) (__) you my answer soon.(2) She shall pay you what she owes you. > (__) (__) (__) her pay you what sheowes you.(3) I wish you success. > (__) you succeed! .(1) Some people will be killed in driving accidents so long as there are cars on the roads.> so long as (~ (=if))

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(2) This is our prayer for John and Jane. May the couple live a happy and a prosperous life in the years to come.(3) Being at a university is a very strange mode of existence, quite differentfrom anything the student will have experienced before, and from anything he islikely to encounter afterwards.> mode of existence (), encounter ( ) will: , will. mu ( ) - . . (won't)@p58 29 would~ I would often go skating on the lake. . check point (1) would #1 . (~ ) .#2 . ( ~ ) .He would let me help him. .#3 (would not~) ( ~ )She would not change her mind. . (2) (used to~) ('' ~ . ~) . We used to talk over a cup of coffee. - There used to be a hut about here. .

: used to~ - (~) , would * (used to+) (be used to + ) GRAMMAR CHECK A

- would, used to . .(1) I (__) go to church on Sundays, but (2) (__) often be late for it.@p59 GRAMMAR CHECK B ( ) .(1) . I ( ) take a walk after dinner.(2) . She is much more beautiful than she (__) (__) (__).(3) . He (__) (__) listen to me. .(1) Some time ago I was in an Indian airport at the baggage counter, trying toreclaim my bags. But I had no Indian currency left, and the agent would not take a traveler's check.

> reclaim ( ), currency (-, -), traveler's check ( )(2) This ideal used to be called "democracy," and still sometimes is, but it seems to be becoming apparent to more and more people that, although there is a great deal of what is called democracy about, there is little, if any, of that fair distribution> apparent (), What is Called (), if any ( )(3) Archimedes was the last man to say that anything was impossible. He took great delight in working out hard problems, and when any question puzzled him, hewould keep studying until he found some sort of answer to it.> Archimedes ( ' '), the last man to say (~ @p60 30 would like to~ I would like to go skiing. .

check point (1) (would like to~) (~ ) want to~ . (2) (would like to~) (~ ~ ) . I would like you to come at four. (want to ) 31 have lonly to~ You have only to meet her. . check point (1) (have only to~) (~ ) . = All you have to do is (2) (have to~) = (must~) = (have got to~) () (~ ) (don't have to~) = (need not~) = (don't need to~) (~ )

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GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) - . I would (__) (__) talk to Dr. Kim.(2) - . You (__) (__) (__) study hard.@p61GRAMMAR CHECK B

- .(1) You don't have to pay the money. > It is not ( ) for you (__) pay the money.(2) He has only to take care of the child. > (__) he has (__) take care of thechild.(3) I want her to see the film. > I'd (__) (__) (__) see the film. .(1) With your permission, I'd like to explain to you our line of business.> line of business ()(2) You can't spell in this way. Spellers have got to get it all right, letterby letter. The task facing you as a speller is far more complex than that facingyou as a reader.> facing = that faces you ( ), complex ()(3) If I have a donkey to trade, for example, I must search not only for a manwho wants a donkey, but also for one who has something to trade that I would like to acquire, and we must then agree on a swap rate.> trade (), acquire (), swap rate () ( ) - .

- . (only, to)@p6232 had better~

You had better stay at home. . check point (1) (had better + ) (~ ) . -= You may as well stay at home. had better not You had better not stay at home. .(had best~) (~ ) (2) (would(had) rather + ) ( ~ ) . I would rather go out. . would rather not

I would rather not go out. . (would rather A (than B) ) = (would sooner A (than B)) = (would as soon A (asB)) (B A ) GRAMMAR CHECK A ( ) -.(1) . You (better, not, had, say) such a thing.(2) . I (not, see, rather, would) him.(3) . You (rather, go, had to, the ) hospital.@P63 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) .I may as well go to bed. > I (__) (__) go to bed.

(2) .I would sooner die than marry you! > I (__) (__) die than marry you! .(1) I meant to be prompt, but it never occurred to me that I had better try tobe early. My idea was to slide into the room at the last moment.> meat = intended, prompt (), occur to ( '=strike')(2) As I am well aware of the limitations of a man's memory, an I would ratherhope that in the future a computer might replace the courts or judges in the field of law.> replace ()

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(3) 1 took with me three pairs of shoes and a leather briefcase and spent an hour slathering them with a creamy leather polish. Polishing leather is one of themany things I'd rather do than garden on a nice spring day.> slather ( ) polish () garden ( ) ( ) - . - . () (had, acquainted)@p64 33 may well~ He may well be proud of his car. . check point(1) (may well~ ) (~ ) .

He may well say so.= He has good reason to say so.= It is natural(no wonder) that he should say so. . (2) (may as well~) = (had better~) (~ ) You may as well keep your promise. . (might as well~) . (3) (may as well A as B) (B A ) You may as well not do it at all as do it imperfectly. * (might as well A as B) . : may well () (~ ) (=be very likely to) cf. It may well be that the train is delayed. GRAMMAR CHECK A ( ) -.

(1) You may well say so. > You have (__) (__) to say so.(2) She had better stay with us. > I She (__) (__) (__)stay with us.@p65 GRAMMAR CHECK B - may well, may as well .(1) .We (__) tell him nothing.(2) - .You (__) get angry with him.(3) .I (__) go to bed as read such a boring book. .(1) Since there are so many places of interest in Paris, you may well complain

of your limited time.> places of interest = interesting places, complain of (), limited ()(2) The cottage is about one hundred years old, so we may as well pull it downand build a new one.> pull~down ()(3) Don't despise the opinions of the world ; you might as well say you do notcare for the light of the sun because you can use a candle.> despise (), care for = like(4) There is one fact that you may as well face now, namely, that the easiest things are rarely the best for you. Trouble has been one of the great blessings to mankind.> namely (), blessing (, ) ( ) - .

. (may, once)@p66 34 might as well~as I might as well die as marry him. . check point (1) ( might as well as~) (~ ~ ) . (2) (would rather~than ... ) (... ~ ) . I would rather drown than starve.= I might as well drown as starve. .* (would rather~than ... ) = (would sooner~than ... ) = (would as soon~as ... )

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' ' .#1 may (might) well~ (~ )=have good reason to~It's natural (no wonder) that~(should) ...#2 may (might) as well = had better (~ )#3 might (may) as well A as B (B A )= would (had) rather (sooner) A than B = would (had) as soon A as B#4 would (had) rather ( ~ ) GRAMMAR CHECK A - . .I might (__) (__) die as live in slavery.I would (__) die (__) live in slavery.I would (__) (__) die as live in slavery.@p67 GRAMMAR CHECK B ( ) -.(1) . I (swim, than, sooner, run, would).(2) . We (well, die, as, as, surrender, might).(3) . I (go, go, not, than, rather, would, today). .(1) You might just as well throw your money into the river as lend it to him.(2) You might as well reason with the wolf as try to persuade him.

> reason with ( '=persuade')(3) The happiest men I know are those who approach their work as if it were their hobby, something to be done for the sheer fun of it, not for the money. Theselucky people don't have to escape from their work; they escape into it. Actually, they'd rather be working than not working.> for the sheer fun of it ( )(4) One might as well try to stop the progress of a mighty railroad train by throwing one's body across the track, as try to stop the growth of the world in the direction of giving mankind more intelligence, more prosperity, and more liberty.> track (), in the direction of (... ), prosperity () ( ) - . - . (might, by)

@p68 35 may have + She may have been ill. . check point may (~ ), must (~ ), cannot (~ ) ( ) (may have + ) (... ) .He may be ill. .He may have been ill. . (must have + ) (... ) .He must be ill. .He must have been ill. . (cannot have + ) (... ) .He cannot be ill. .

He cannot have been ill. . : , (have + ) GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) . She (__) (__) (__) a wrong bus.(2) . You (__) (__) (__) a lie. (3) . Sally (__) (__) (__) us.@p69 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .

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(1) Since he doesn't answer the phone, he (__) out of town. (must have been, must be)(2) I (__) the book, but I hardly remember I have. (can borrow, can have borrowed, may have borrowed) .(1) I returned home very late last night. It must have been an hour after midnight.(2) Prehistoric man may have had as much brain power as has the man of today. Yet modern man seems to make more material progress in a year's time than his primitive ancestors made in thousands of years.> prehistoric man (), brain (), make progress (), material ((3) Only a few decades ago it might have seemed that physics, which had just placed nuclear energy at man's disposal, was the dangerous branch of science, while biology, which underlay improvements in medicine and also helped us to understand our dependence on the natural environment, was the beneficial branch.> place~ at man's disposal ( ), branch (), unde ( ) - . . (lose)@p70 36 should have + You should have come earlier. . check point#1 (should have + ) = (ought to have + ) (~ ' #2 (need not have + ) (~ ' ')

He need not have come so early. . : hoped, expected, intended, wished, wanted, was(were) He hoped to have gone abroad. .

(had hoped to + ) . : ought to ought not to (=shouldn't) GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) - . I (__) (__) (__) the film last night.(2) . You (__) not (__) (__) him everything.(3) . This work (__) (__) (__) (__) done.@p71 GRAMMAR CHECK B ( ) -.

(1) . (1 ) I (my, not, sold, house, should).(2) . (1 ) You (careful, more, to, been, have).(3) . (1 ) You (your, not, brought, have, came .(1) The sea is as calm as a lake. We needn't have worried about being seasick.> calm (), worry about~ (~ ), seasick ( )(2) Even if I carry the letter in my hand I am always past the first pillarboxbefore I remember that I ought to have mailed it.> pillarbox ('' )(3) You ought to have sent the letter by special delivery. You should have taken into account recent delay in mail delivery.> by special delivery (), take~into account~ (~ ), delay (, )(4) Joe rubbed Beauty's legs and chest, and gave him some water to drink. But J

oe did not know that he should have covered him with warm blankets, and given him hot food instead of cold water.> rub (), Beauty ( ) blanket () ( ) - . . (should)@p72 37 have been~ing It has been raining for two, days. . check point (1) (have been~ing) .

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It has rained. . () It has been raining. . () : (live, know, want ) (have + ) We have known each other for three years. (2) (had + ) #1 , , #2 #1 He had been there before. .#2 I lost the watch Father had given me. .* lost had given . : and, but Father bought me a watch, and I lost it. GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) ? What (__) (__) (__) (__) all this while?(2) . The novel was more interesting than I (__) (__@p73 GRAMMAR CHECK B - . (1) When they (__) married for six years, a sad thing happened. (were, were being, have been, had been)(2) I (__) for two hours when he turned up. (was waiting, had been waiting, have been waiting, have waited) .(1) He also had to accumulate a fortune. So he had made a career as a merchantfrom which he was able to retire in his early forties.

> accumulate (), fortune (), retire ()(2) From my upstairs bedroom window I could see in the garden of the house nextdoor the same pair of cocker spaniels who had been serving as my second alarm clock at six every morning> cocker spaniel (, ' ')(3) Such parks were developed largely out of the Victorian's concern for reform, a concern that was goaded by the frequently appalling living conditions of themany citizens who had been drawn to urban centers by the Industrial Revolution.> largely (), concern (), goad (), appalling (-, ) ( ) - . 10 . (ten years)@p74

Check Your Structure Power passage '96 structure 1. Black obtains local authority approval and gets your extension built with a

guarantee ofsatisfaction. ('96 15)Note: get~builit > structure 27 2. Do you have a little brother or sister who listens to commercials on television and then tries to get your mother to buy every product he or she has seen advertised. ('96 20)Note: get A to do B > structure 26 3. Out in the backyard I am taking advantage of this beautiful morning. And Ithink nowhere have I seen skies as blue as those of my village. Looking upward,I can see skies splashed with cotton white clouds. ('96 31)

Note: nowhere have I seen~ > structure153 / those of > structure 15 / see~splashed > Structure 25 4. If the painting you looked at was a seascape, you may have liked it becausethe dark colors and enormous waves reminded you of the wonderful memories you had in your hometown! ('96 30)Note: may have liked > Structure 35@75 WORD POWERcrop

praise

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element curiosity delight acquire species distinctive identify oneself with regardless of specific colonize superstition survive intellectual egoistic sacrifice revolutionary apology deny usher in routine advertisement publicity biography fiction

reputation prey on creature contradiction put~into practice inaccuracy vary efficiency proceed plead threaten get nowhere with steep

meditation conviction detective walk of life status unsparing underestimate vital unintelligible inimitable ignore neglect take~for granted

competent cease prosperous apparent distribution work out complex prompt replace despise

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blessing persuade sheer material primitive ancestor underlie beneficial accumulate career appalling urban@p78 38 too ... to~ I was too tired to speak. - . Check Point (1) (too ... to~) ( ... - ~ ) = (so ... that + S + cannot~ ) >125#1 = 1 was so tired that I couldn't speak.#2 This book is too difficult for me to read.= This book is so difficult that I can't read it. .#3 .

This coffee is too bitter for me to drink(__).= This coffee is so bitter that I can't drink _it_. - .* , be - .He _walks_ too fast for me to catch up with him. (2) (be only too happy (glad) to~) ( ~) . I'll be only too (=very) glad to go with you. . GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) . This place is (kids, play, too, dangerous(2) . I am (to, too, hear, glad, only) the news.@p79 GRAMMAR CHECK B

(__) .(1) Tim was too tired to study any longer. ()(2) The fur coat was so expensive that she was unable to buy it. ()(3) The math questions are too difficult for us to solve. () .(1) She looked at the food, but she put the plate away. She was too upset to eat.> put~away (... ), upset ()(2) The chains of habit are generally too small to be felt till they are too strong to be broken.> the chains of habit ( ), break the habit ( )(3) I am no longer too embarrassed to ask people for directions, but I often receive extremely confusing replies and I am no more likely to get to my destinati

on than I was if I had not stopped to ask the way.> embarrassed () no more A than B (B... A...)(4) Childhood and youth are too precious to be sacrificed to the present convenience of adults or the. later requirements of adult life, but, if they are livedonly for their own sake, later life will become miserably poor and bitter regret will be in store.> be sacrificed to (... ), convenience (), for their own sake ( @P80 39 + to I was at a loss what to do. .

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Check Point (1) ( + to) (... ) .(what to~) ( ... , ... )(when to~) (... ,... )(where to~) (-'' ... ,... )(which to~) ( ... , ... )(who(m) to~) ('' ... , ... )(how to~) ( ... ~ ... )(whether to~) (... ) (2) ( + to ) should (ought to) .= I was at a loss what I should do. (3) (what + + to) ( ... ~) . I didn't know what kind of present to send her. Do you know which way to take? ? GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) .She couldn't decide (__) (__) do next.(2) - .I was wondering (__) (__) stay here another week. GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) Let me know whom and when to contact.Tell me whom and when (__) (__) (__).

(2) Sarah asked which college to go to.I Sarah asked which college (__) (__) (__) (__).(3) Do you know which way to go?Do you know which way you (__) (__)? .(1) After their marriage a young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family.(2) To be educated also means, to understand something of how to make our intentions effective in the real world, of how to apply knowledge to the life one lives and the society in which one lives it.> effective (), apply A to B (A B )(3) The weather continually takes the British by surprise. Dr. Johnson said; "When two Englishmen meet, their first talk is of the weather." That is because we

never know what kind of weather to expect from one day to the next.> take~by surprise (... ), Dr. Johnson: Samuel Johnson (1709~ (__) - . .(7) (problem )@P82 40 ...enough to~He's strong enough to lift it.: . Check Point (1) (...enough to~) (... ..., ...-~)= (so ... that + + (can)~) (>125)#1 He is old enough to go to school.= He is so old that he can go to school.#2 .

This coat was cheap enough for me to buy= This coat was so cheap that I could buy it. - .#3 She was so kind that she showed me the way.= It was kind of her to show me the way.(>1)= She kindly showed me the way.= She had the kindness to show me the way. (2) (so...as to~) (~ ...) .= She was so kind as to show me the way. : so as to~ = in order to~ (... ) (>124) so...as to~ GRAMMAR CHECK A

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- .(1) This problem is so easy that he can solve it.This problem is (__) (__) (__) (__) to solve.(2) He was so stupid that he refused the offer.I He was not wise (__) (__) accept the offer.@p83 GRAMMAR CHECK B S - .He had (__) (__) (__) help me.He was kind (__) (__) help me.He was (__) kind (__) (__) help me.He (__) helped me.It was kind (__) (__) to help me. .(1) He is wise enough not to drive when he is feeling ill.(2) If the population of the Earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there eventually will not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.> at its present rate ( ), sustain life ( )(3)The difficulties must not be so great as to cause discouragement, or so small as not to stimulate effort.> cause discouragement ( ) stimulate ()(4) It is difficult to generalize about your own peopleso difficult as to be almost impossible reason that you cannot see them as a whole.> generalize ( ), for the simple reason that = simply because, as a whole

(__) - . - . (as, get)@p84 41. be likely to~ He is likely to succeed. . Check Point (1) (be likely to~) (... ) . He Is likely to succeed. (2) (be eager (anxious) to~) (... ) .* anxious -. He is eager to be praised.= He is eager for praise. - .I was anxious for him to succeed.

= I was anxious for his success. . (3) (be glad (sorry) to~) (...) . I was glad to hear the good news. .* I'll be glad to go with him. . (4) (be willing (ready) to~) (...) . I'm willing to pay as much as you want. - . GRAMMAR CHECK A (__) - .(1) .We are (seems, likely) to arrive in time.(2) .She is (eager, eagerly) to get the fur coat.@p85

GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(l) We are anxious for your safe arrival.We are anxious for you (__) (__) safely.(2) I'll be glad to help you.I'll help you (__) pleasure.(3) 1 was delighted when I heard the news.I was delighted (__) (__) the news. .(1) It seems that those who find fault with others are apt to go blind to their

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own defects.> find fault with~ (... ), be apt to (... ), go blind to (... (2) Men are more likely to exercise for reasons of health; women are more likely to do so in order to lose weight.> lose weight ( ) (> put on (gain) weight ( )(3) Children may meet the idea of death for the first time at any age. Normally, the death of an older member of the family is likely to be the first experience of the kind that touches a child closely.> of the kind ( ), touch (- )(4) Now it is a general rule of economics that scarcity creates value. A man inthe middle of the Sahara may be ready to give a fortune for a glass of water that he would expect for nothing in a London restaurant.> scarcity (), give a fortune ( ), for nothing ()@P86 42. be to~ You are to see a doctor at once. . Check Point (1) (be + to) , , , , . I am to (=am going to) go to New York. () You are to (=should) start as soon as possible. () Not a sound was to (=could) be heard. () You must work hard if you are to (=intend to) succeed. () We were never to see each other again. () : .

Our wish is to climb Mt. Baekdu. ( ()) . We are to climb Mt. Baekdu. ( ()) . 43. Sorry to have kept you waiting so long.: - . Check Point 1. (to have + ) . It seems that she was a beauty when young. = She seems to have been a beauty when young. .@p87 GRAMMAR CHECK (__) .

(1) It is said that he was rich. (He )(2) She seemed to have been hurt. ()(3) It is said that she refused his proposal. (She ) .(1) We looked and looked but the ring was nowhere to be found.(2) If curiosity is to be fruitful, it must be associated with a certain technique for the acquisition of knowledge.> fruitful (, ), be associated with (... ), acquisition ((3) This novel is said to have been written by a young housewife.(4) We hoped to have done with the work before the holidays.> have done with (... )(5) She appeared to have known for years that her heart was not strong, but shehad not cared at all.

> care ()(6) Everyone should be respected as an individual, but no one should be admiredtoo much. It is an irony of fate for me to have invited a shower of admirationand esteem.> an irony of fate ( , -), invite () (__) - . . (about, start, when)@p88 44. To tell the truth, I don't like it. , - .

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Check Point to , .to be brief ''to be sure ''to be frank with you ' 'to do~justice '(... ) 'to do one's best ' 'to make matters worse ''to make a long story short '- 'to tell the truth ' 'to begin (start) with ', 'to say nothing of~ '... '(=not to speak of)needless to say ' 'strange to say ''so to speak '' (=as it were) GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) - .To (__) (__) (__), I didn't know about it.(2) .(__) (__) say, my bag has disappeared.(3) .He can speak French, (__) (__) (__) (__) English.@p89

GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) She is, as it were, a fish out of water.She is, (__) (__) speak, a fish out of water.(2) To make a long story short, he was fired.(__) be (__), he was fired.(3) (__) do my best, I couldn't understand it.Though I did my best, I couldn't understand it. .To be sure, we are proud of the achievements of modern scientists, which have enabled men to reach the moon.> achievements (), which = because(2) He searched all his pockets for his ticket, but he couldn't find it. Needle

ss to say, he was very worried. "I did buy a ticket before I got on the train,"he said.> search (, ), did buy ( , did buy -.)(3) He is so poorly paid that he cannot afford to buy even daily necessities, not to speak of luxuries.>cannot afford to~ (... ), daily necessities ()(4) Strange to say, technology, although the product of man, tends to develop by its own laws and principles, and these are very different from those of humannature or of living nature in general.> those = the laws and principles (__) - . . (fall)@p90

45. + () The girl playing the guitar is my sister. . Check POINT (... ' ') . 46. + () This is a car made in Korea. . Check Point (..., ) .fallen leaves > = This is a car _which was_ made in Korea. .

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: - - .the stolen car / the destroyed citythe wounded soldier / the defeated team GRAMMAR CHECK A (__) .(1) .Among the guests (invite) were some ladies.(2) .My older brother bought a (use) car.@p91 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) Is this the way that leads to the post office?Is this the way (__) to the post office?(2) Do you know the girl leaning against the wall?Do you know the girl (__) (__) (__) against the wall?(3) Love is an emotion that is experienced by the many.Love is an emotion(__) by the many. .(1) Some cities are running out of places to put the wastes cast off by peopleand industries.> run out of~ (... ), cast off by~ (... )(2) The forests being destroyed for fuel and land are located mostly in the tropical countries, where they are disappearing with frightening quickness.

(3) One of the first civilizations was developed in Egypt. From the written records and the art left by the Egyptians, much of their way of living is known.> the art left = the art which was left(4) Some remains found in Stone Age lake dwellings in central Europe show thatprehistoric man ate apples. There are carvings of apples on ancient tombs and monuments in the Near East.> remains (), lake dwelling ( ), carvings (), the Near Ea (__) - . . (10) (export)@p92 47. Waiting for a taxi, I met my friend. . Check Point

#1 , #2 , #3 , #4 , #5 , #6 .#1 = While I was waiting for a taxi, I met my friend.#2 Having a cold, I went to bed early. = As I had a cold~. - #3 Turning to the left, you will find the post office.=If you turn to the left,~. .#4 Admitting what you say, I cannot agree with you.=Though I admit what you say, (3) T#5 He sat on the chair, reading a magazine.=He sat on the chair as he was reading~#6 Our train starts at six, arriving in Pusan at ten.=Our train starts at six, and arrives in Pusan at ten.GRAMMAR CHECK A

- .

(1) . (__) (__), he ran away.(2) 5 .(__) a (__), you will get there in five minutes.@p93 GRAMMAR CHECK B (__) .(1) As I was sick, I stayed home. ()(2) Not knowing what to do, she asked for advice. ()(3) The window being open, the room was cool. () .

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Hearing his voice on the telephone, I knew right away who was calling me.> right away = at once(2) The old man, living in a remote village, does not know what is going on inthe world.> living in... = since he lives in..., go on ('' )(3) The ash continued to fall for two days, covering Pompeii completely. And sothe town slept for 1,700 years, under a 30foot blanket of volcanic ash.> Pompeii (), covering = and it covered, volcanic ash (-)(4) Slang should be used with caution. A safe prescription is this: in conversation with friends, use it, but in small doses. Use it even less frequently in informal writing, making sure that what you use is appropriate to the subject andwill not annoy readers.> prescription (, prescribe ), doses (), informal ( (__) - .- . (being)@p94 48. Having run for an hour, I was very tired. Check Point (1) .= As I _had run_ for an hour, I _was_ very tired. (2) (not + ) . Not knowing what to say, I kept silent. 49.

Seen from a distance, it looks like a man. - . Check Point (1) being, having been .= (Being) Seen from a distance, it looks like a man. (2) , being, having been .(Being) Lazy, he was fired. - . GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) .(__) in better times, she would have succeeded.(2) .(__) (__) several times, he succeeded at last@P95

GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) As she was born in a poor family, she couldn't study.(__) in a poor family, she couldn't study.(2) As I have done my job, I can take a rest now.(__) (__) my job, I can take a rest now.(3) As it was printed in haste, the book has many misprints.The book, (__) (__) (__) in haste, has many misprints. .(1) Dressed in a fine new suit, he looked very prosperous.> Dressed = (Being) dressed, prosperous (, )(2) Tired by his long hours of study, the boy slept soundly.> long hours of~ ()

(3) Determined to overcome his physical handicap, Byron became a good rider, swimmer and boxer.> overcome (), physical handicap ( )(4) Not having seen my aunt for a long time, I didn't recognize her.> Not having seen... = Since I hadn't seen...(5) Having lost our way a number of times, we arrived very late. I think it waspast midnight.> lose one's way ( )(6) Having learned these two thingsdistance and directionthe worker bees canthen fly to the nectar and return to the hive.

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(__) - . , . (10) (plain)@P96 50. School being over, the boys hurried home. - . Check Point

It being fine yesterday, _we_ went fishing.= As _it_ was fine yesterday, _we_ went fishing. .cf. When _school_ was over, _the boys_ hurried home. : - . As I was tired, I felt like doing nothing. = ___ Being tired, I felt like doing nothing. : - ( GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) As it was rainy, we could not start.(__) (__) rainy, we could not start.(2) When supper was over, we played cards.(__) (__) over, we played cards.@P97 GRAMMAR CHECK B (__) - - .(1) The sun (__), we returned home. (set, being set, having set)

(2) (__), we went out for a walk. (Being fine day, Being a fine day, It being afine day, It being fine a day) .(1) It being a perfect autumn day, we decided to go for a long walk.> It being~ = As it was~(2) The car being damaged beyond repair, we had to abandon it.> The car being~ = As the car was~, beyond repair ( ), abandon (,(3) I was returning from hunting, and walking along the avenue, my dog runningin front of me.> my dog running~ = and my dog was running~(4) Researchers confirm that, other things being equal, the more television a child watches, the worse he does in school.> confirm (), other things being equal ( )

(5) Life being short, and the quiet hours of it few, we ought to waste none ofthem in reading valueless books.> Life being~ = As life is~ (__) - .(get, start)@P98 51. + While reading the novel, he fell asleep. .

Check Point . Though living next door, I seldom see him. = Though I live next door, I seldom see him. . When asked about the accident, she said nothing.

= When she was asked about the accident, she said nothing. If caught young, even a tiger can be tamed. = If it is caught young, even a tiger can be tamed. Once deprived of oxygen, the brain dies.= Once it is deprived of oxygen, the brain dies. - .

GRAMMAR CHECK A(1) If it is carefully done, the experiment should be successful.(__) (__) (__), the experiment should be successful.(2) Though he's working hard, he finds time for rest.Though (__) (__), he finds time for rest.

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@p99 GRAMMAR CHECK B .(1) TV .(__) (__) (__) (__), we watched TV.(2) 9 .(__) (__) (__) nine, let me know.(3) - .(__) (__) to, he seldom talks. .(1) In later years, I have learned that success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed.> not so much by A as by B (A - B -), obstacles ()(2) There's a certain sadness in realizing that a major segment of the new teenage generation never really read anything, unless forced to do so.> a major segment of~ (... ), unless forced > unless they are forced(3) Many ages in the past have shown great promise while facing great difficulties, yet our age perhaps is unique in that its problems and its promise come from the same source, from the extraordinary achievements of science and technology.> promise (), unique (), in that~ = because (__) - .- . (if, seen, distance)

@p100 52. frankly speaking Frankly speaking, he is unreliable. - . Check Point (1) () . (frankly speaking) ' ' (strictly speaking) ' ' (generally speaking) ' -' (talking(speaking) of~) '... ' (judging from~) '... ' (2) - () (seeing that~) '..., ... - ' (=since) (supposing (that)~) ' ...(=if)'

(providing(provided) (that)~) ' ...'(=if) (grant(granting, granted) (that)~) '... ' (=even if)(3) - ()

(considering~) '... (=for), taking into account' (concerning~) '... -'(= about)'(according to~) '... '

(owing to~) '...(=on account of~, because of~)' (compared with~) '... ' GRAAIAMR CHECK A - .(1) If we speak strictly, the bamboo is a kind of grass.(__) (__), the bamboo is a kind of grass.(2) Taking her age into account, she looks very young.

(__) her age, she looks very young.@p101 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) ?(__) (__) Tom, I wonder where he is.(2) .(__) (__), the weatherman, it'll be cloudy today.(3) .(__) (__), the party was a success.

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.(1) Judging from his accent, he may be from Australia.(2) Chemists seek general laws concerning the behavior of matter.(3) Strictly, speaking, each of the leaves in the wood is different from the others.(4) Democracy is, historically speaking, something very recent. It is first ofall the belief that the individual human being is what matters most.> first of all (), matter ( '=count'(5) Humans, generally speaking, have a horror of being different, thinking different, and acting different from their own generation.(6) According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularlyup 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of25 years ago. (__) - .(speak)@p102 53. with + + He sat on the chair with his arms folded. . Check Point#1 'with + + ' '' . with = He sat on the chair, his arms folded.She listened to me (with) her eyes shining.She spoke (with) tears falling down her cheeks.#2 (with + + ())

with one's eyes wide open ' 'with one's eyes full of tears ' '* .(with a) pencil in (one's) mouth ' '(with a) knife in (one's) hand ' '#3 (with + + ())with a sweater on ' 'with one's hands in one's pocket ' 'He was walking with a book under his arm. GRAMMAR CHECK A (__) -.(1) -.He was standing there (with, closed, eyes, his).

(2) .She sat on the chair (legs, with, her, crossed).@p103 GRAMMAR CHECK B (__) .(1) He was listening to music with his eyes (close)( .)(2) She listened to the story, with her eyes (shine)( .)(3) The sea was calm, with little wind(blow).( , .) .(1) With this unlimited source of mechanical power at his command, man finally

escaped from monotonous, exhausting methods of doing the world's work.> monotonous (), exhausting ( )(2) Knowledge builds over time, with each new discovery blossoming from the seeds planted by previous researchers.> over time ( - '=as time passes')(3) Many Americans find silence uncomfortable. Students study with their radiosturned on; housewives leave televisions on for their "companionship" of sound even though they may be working in some other room.(4) On sunny days with no wind blowing, with the snow sparkling and great trees rising all around us like the pillars of a cathedral, and no sound anywhere bu

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t the chattering of a woodpecker, we were actually so pleasant that we hated toleave. (__) - . - - .(With, bandage, properly)@p104 54. There + be + + There is a white cloud floating in the sky. . Check Point (1) (There ge + S + . '~ ... ' (2) (there be + S + ) '~... ' There is little sugar left in the pot. . : ,There is a white cloud floating in the sky.> A white cloud is floating in the sky.There is little sugar left in the pot.> Little sugar is left in the pot. - : . There is a page missing. 1 . A page`s missing. * - missing . GAMMAR CHECK A (__) .(1) There were several people (wait) for a bus.( .)

(2) There were some papers (scatter) on the floor.( - .)@p105 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) .(__) (__) someone (__) at the door.(2) - .(__) (__) some guests (__) to each other in the garden.(3) - .(__) (__) a strong wind (__). .(1) There was a cherrytree growing in the garden.

(2) There is no furniture left in the room.(3) Today, there are about 400,000 Indians scattered across the United States.(4) As early as 3,000 B.C., there was a postal service operating in China. Later, the ancient Greeks and Romans had post stations every few miles along the main roads, where messengers could change horses.> post station (), every few miles ( )(5) As the landscape becomes poorer and barer, there is only one point of comfort. Over the next few years, there will be new elms growing up from the roots left in the ground.> elm (), * : l . (__) - . - . (there, Play, badminton)@p106

55. spend + + ~ing He spent his leisure time gardening. . Check Point (spend + O + (in) ~ing) (- in ) (~ ... , ~ I spent two hours playing the piano. She spent a lot of time trying to fix her bicycle. . 56. S + V + ( ) My dog came running toward me. . Check Point

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(1) sit, stand, lie, come, go, keep (go(come)~ing) (...- '') (sit(stand)~ing) (- '--'~ ) (2) look, seem, feel, get, grow, become, remain .* lie sit () . GRAMMAR CHECK A (__) .

(1) He sat (surround) by his sons. ( .)(2) He seemed (please) with his new house. ( .)@p107 GRAMMAR CHECK B_ (__) -.(1) .They spent (leisure, their, time, cards, playing).(2) .His daughter (to, running, door, came, the).(3) .The teacher told (remain, the students, seated, to). .(1) They were people who faced the future, who did not spend much time in looking back, who considered not so much where they had been but where they were going.> face (, ), not so much A but B (A B)(2) Don't waste too much time worrying about these; the most important thing is

to understand the text as a whole as well as possible, and one or two difficultwords won't usually make much difference.> text as a whole ( ), as well as possible ( ), won't make much di(3) One morning a shouting voice awakened me. "Richard!". I rolled out of bed.My brother came running into the room.(4) It's an odd idea for someone like me to keep a diary. I want to write, butmore than that, I want to bring out all kinds of things that lie buried deep inmy heart.> odd (, -), bring out (, )@p108 57. I am sure of his passing the exam. . Check Point

#1 '' ' ' : ._I_ am sure that _he_ will pass the exam.= _I_ am sure of his passing the exam.#2 '' ' ' : ._I_ am sure that _I_ will pass the exam. PO.= _I_ am sure of___passing the exam. . : , He is proud of his father(=father's) being rich. for .He insisted on the plan being carried out. .

GRAMMAR CHECK A (__) -.(1) .Tom (proud, father, is, a, his, being, of, lawyer).(2) .I don't (Ted, others, ill, like, speaking, of).@p109 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) He is proud that his father is a diplomat.

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He is proud (_) (__) (__) (__) a diplomat.(2) There's no possibility that h e will come.There's no possibility (__) (__) (__).(3) He insists that Tom attend the course.He insists (__) (__) the course. .There is no adequate reason for his refusing to do it.> adequate ()(2) The passage of the sun, the tyranny of day and night coming at different times in different places, can't be avoided.> tyranny ( , . )( 3) The custom of a host drinking to a friend's health originated with the Greeks, as early as the six century B.C., and for a highly practical reason; to assure guests that the wine they were about to consume was not poisoned.> drink to ( ) originate with (... )(4) The car gives young people freedom to go where they please and is the firstsign of them becoming adult and not being children any longer, so they look forward to the day when they are old enough to get their license.> go where they please ( , them becoming ), l (__) - . . (on)@p110 58. He is ashamed of having fled to her. .

Check Point (1) (having + ) . He is ashamed of having lied to her. = He _is_ ashamed that he _lied_ to her. He was ashamed of having lied to her. = He _was_ ashamed that he _had lied_ to her. . (2) (not + ) . I'm sure of him not coming to see you. = I'm sure that he will not come to see you. : '' '' , He is proud of having been a teacher. = He is proud that he was (has been) a teacher.

GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) .You should be ashamed (__) (__) (__) idle.(2) .We soon repented of (__) (__) (__) right away.@p111 GRAMMAR CHECK B (__) .(1) Tim boasted that he had won the first prize.(boast of )(2) There was no evidence _of his having stolen_ the jewels.( evidence that~ )

(3) _In case of his not showing up_, give me a call.( ) .(1) All the boys were present when the money disappeared, but each of them denies having taken it.> deny ()(2) The news of the school having burned down soon spread throughout the town.(3) There is some probability of the place having never been inspected by the police.(4) You can't imagine how angry I was with myself for not having thought of it

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sooner.(5) 1 didn't want to take any chances about my letter not getting to my parents, so I wrote to them again from Rome.> take chances about (... )(6) All of us have had the experience of not being able to find the right wordsto get across our meaning, of being misunderstood, of finding that we don't make ourselves clear.> get across () (__) - . .(ashamed, of)@p112 59. avoid~ing I couldn't avoid meeting him. . Check Point(1) ( ) enjoy , practice , stop , give up finish , put off * ( ) : hope, wish, expect, promise, (2) , : try, want, need, remember (He tried to kick the ball. __ .

He tried kicking the ball. __ . This car needs(want) repairing. __. (=This car needs(wants) to be repaired.) : Stop to~ (... -)- ' GRAMMAR CHECK A

(__) .(1) He has promised (take) me to the theater.( .)(2) 1 don't remember (see) the picture before.( .)@p113 GRAMMAR CHECK B (__) .(1) Tom admitted that he had told a lie to me. ()(2) 1 decided that I should not stay with them. ()(3) She denied that she had stolen the money. () .(1) We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal,

exchanging the news of the day.> leisurely ()(2) Very few can enjoy traveling to their heart's content because it requires plenty of time and money.> to their heart's content (, )(3) He will learn these things not so much from what the other man says as fromhow he says it, for whenever we speak we cannot avoid giving our listeners clues about our origins and the sort of person we are.> not so much A as B (A B), clues (, -)(4) Mrs. Einstein spoke English very well, in fact better than the professor. And she frankly enjoyed being the wife of the great man and made no attempt to hide the fact. (__) - .

(off, the, rent, try)@p114 60. mind~Ing Do you mind passing the butter? No not at all. ? , . Check Point (mind~ing) '... ': .#1 Would you mind closing the window?= Will you please close the window?#2 Would you mind my asking you some questions?= Would you mind if I asked you some questions?

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= May I ask you some questions? 61. remember~Ing I don't remember mailing the letter. -. Check Point (remember(forget)~ing) '... ()' = I don't remember that I _mailed_ the letter. (remember(forget) to~) '... ()' GRAMMAR CHECK A (__)- .(1) ?Would you like (to go, going) for a walk?(2) .(Remember, Forget) (to mail, mailing) the letter.@p115 GRAMALAR CHECK B (__) .(1) I remember seeing the picture before. ()(2) May I ask for your help?(mind )(3) Will you please open the window? (mind ) .(1) Before you go would you mind looking out of my window here?(2) I remember her saying to me when we became engaged, "You're a very lucky man."(3) If you don't mind my saying so, your wife was stupid to believe what Tom sa

id.(4) Once I remember getting so angry with him that I pursued him round the garden with a chair in my hands and the intention of hurling it at him as soon as Iwas close enough.> pursue (, ), and (with) the intention of~ (... )(5) Reading fiction was once a major pursuit when fewer forms of leisure were available and many teachers can remember immersing themselves in books in the nottoo distant past.> fiction (), pursuit () immerse themselves in (... -) (__) - . ? (Dont`t) ()@p116 62. There is no~ing~

There`s no telling when he will come. . Check Point (There is no~ing.) '... ' . There is no telling what may happen. = It is impossible to tell what may happen. = We (You) can't tell what may happen. 63. It is no, use~ing~ It Is no use crying over spilt milk. . Check Point (It is no use (good)~ing.) '... ' .= There is no use (in)~ing It's useless (=of no use) toIt is no use trying to deceive me.= There is no use (in) trying to deceive me.

= It is useless(=of no use) to try to deceive me. GRAMMAR CHECK A (__) -.(1) .(persuade, no, It, to, use, is, him, trying).(2) (for, no, tastes, there, accounting, is)@p117 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .

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(1) We can't deny the fact.(__) (__) no (__) the fact.(2) There is no use in arguing with him.(__) (__) (__) good (__) with him.(3) There is no satisfying everyone.(__) is (__) to satisfy everyone. .(1) It is no use being a writer if one is not in sympathy with the world in which one is living.> be on sympathy with (... )(2) There was no dissuading him, however, and at a quarter past ten he closed the attic door behind him.> dissuade ' '(3) I try not to think of the past. It's no use going back to yesterday, because I was a different person then.(4) Don't say you're hopeless, for there is no knowing what may happen in the future. Nobody is perfect; but nobody is hopeless, either.> for ''(5) Impressive though the achievements of Western technological science are, there is no denying that they have been bought at a price, which includes increased nervous strain and a destruction of the Earth's natural riches.> Impressive thought~are=Though~are impressive (__) - . - . (pretend, nothing)

@p118 64. be worth~Ing The movie is worth seeing twice. - . Check Point (1) (be worth~ing) '... () ' .= It is worth while seeing the movie twice.= It is worth while to see the movie twice. (2) (be busy~ing) '... ' . (3) (feel like~ing) '... ' . 65. ...of one's own~ing It is a picture of her own painting. . Check Point (1) ( of one's own~ing) '~...' .

= It is a picture (which) she painted (by/for) himself. (2) (be on the point of~ing) = (be about to~)(> 42) '... ' . GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) .She (__) (__) (__) a new novel.(2) .I don't (__) (__) eating anything this morning.@p119 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) It is worth while to visit the museum once.The museum is (__) (__) once.

(2) I was about to leave when he came in.I was (__) the (__) (__) leaving when he came in.(3) She herself made the dress.This is the dress (__) her (__) (__). .(1) The help I had given around the house in the past had always been freely given; I had done it when I felt like doing it.(2) They live under conditions which are not of their own making and which arebut little changed by their efforts.> little ( ...)

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(3) Every piece of reading matter that comes before our eyes is not equally worth reading, nor do all make equal claims on our attention.> piece (), reading matter ( ), all = all pieces, make claims on (...(4) Solitude and silence are the necessary conditions for serious thought. To flee them is to flee the conditions necessary for the selfexamination that makeslife worth living.> solitude () solitary () , serious (), flee = run away from (__) - . . (7) (are, worth)@p120 66. be used to~ing She is used to working hard. - . Check Point (be used to~ing) '... ' (get (become) accustomed (used) to~ing) '...: (used to + ) '()... ' (> 29)

67. look forward to~ing I'm looking forward to hearing from you. . Check Point (1) (look forward to~ing) (... ) . (2) (What do you say to~ing?) = (How about~ing?) (... ?) : be accustomed (used) _to_, look forward _to_ What do you say _to_ ~ing? to GRAMMAR CHECK A (__)- .(l) .

She is used to (be, being) ill spoken of.(2) .We're looking forward (to see, to seeing) you again.@p121 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) .We soon (__) (__) (__) (__) in the U.S.(2) .I'm (__) (__) to (__) you again.(3) ?(__) do you say (__) (__) in to see her? .

(1) I go home once a year and really look forward to coming back here. This ismy home now.(2) Gently quieting the applause, Mrs. Smith said, "We all look forward, to hearing what it was like out west, Lisa. In fact, we're giving speeches this Friday. Why don't you tell us about your adventures?"> applause (), What it was like out west ( - )(3) For the first several months, you might find it hard to eat American dishes, but sooner or later you will get used to having them.(4) When we put profits first, we tend to forget quality but probably only toa point. That is, if we are used to producing quality, we will not want to start making cheaper things.> put~first (... , ), only to a point ( ) (__) - .

. (by, used)@p122 68. on~Ing, On hearing the news, he turned pale. . Check Point (on~ing) '... ' as soon as when . = As soon as(When) he heard the news,~. : on~ing The minute (The moment) + S+V, No sooner~ than~, 69. in~ing Be careful In handling this machine. .

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Check Point (in~ing) '... ' when while . = Be careful when (while) you handle this machine. GRAMMAR CHECK A - .(1) Watch your step when you walk on the icy road.Watch your step (__) (__) on the icy road.(2) As soon as you arrive at the station, give me a call.(__) (__) at the station, give me a call.@p123 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) .Be polite (__) (__) to others.(2) - - .(__) my (__) on the train, it began to move.(3) .(__) (__) a foreign language it's repetition that counts. .(1) You are likely to make a lot more errors in speaking English than in writing it, which is only natural.(2) On hearing the news that the son met with a disaster inthe mountains, his mother came near fainting.> meet with a disaster (- ), came near fainting = almost fainted (

(3) In the United States and many other countries it is almost required etiquette to open a present immediately upon receiving it, mostly in the presence of the giver.> in the presence of (... -)(4) He cared nothing for box, in fact he disliked it, but he learned it painfully and thoroughly to counteract the feeling and shyness he had felt on being treated as a Jew at the college.> care for (... ), thoroughly (), counteract () (__) - . .(receiving, pale)@p124 70. cannot help~ing I can't help laughing at his joke. .

Point (1) (cannot help~ing) = (cannot but + ) '... ' = I can't but laugh at his joke. = I can't help feeling sorry for her mother, (2) (It goes without saying (that)~) '... ' . = It goes without saying (that) health is above wealth.= It is needless to say (that) health is above wealth. -

: (1) help '' (=avoid) .I can`t help it. = It can`t be helped.

> . (never without~ing) '... ~' (> 96) (with a view to~ing) '... ' (> 28) GRAMMAR CHECK A

- .(1) It is needless to say that technology is important.It (__) without (__) that technology is important.(2) He couldn't but burst into tears.He couldn't (__) bursting into tears.@p125 GRAMMAR CHECK B - .(1) .We (__) not (__) admire him.

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> theoretically (), masterpieces ()(4) The fact that devils do not exist failed to prevent people from writing countless books about them. It is the same with English humor. It may not exist butthis simple fact has failed to prevent thousands of writers from producing bookupon book on the subject. (__) - . ? (prevent, from )@p128 Check Your Structure Power!