CHEMISTRY IN DAILY LIFE

A RETROSPECT

: IN DEFINITIONS OF “CHEMISTRY”•Alchemy (330) – the study of the composition of waters, movement, growth, embodying, disembodying, drawing the spirits from bodies and bonding the spirits within bodies (Zosimos).•Chymistry (1661) – the subject of the material principles of mixt bodies (Boyle).•Chymistry (1663) – a scientific art, by which one learns to dissolve bodies, and draw from them the different substances on their composition, and how to unite them again, and exalt them to a higher perfection (Glaser).•Chemistry (1730) – the art of resolving mixtures, compound, or aggregate bodies into their principles; and of composing such bodies from those principles (Stahl).•Chemistry (1837) – the science concerned with the laws and effects of molecular forces (Dumas).•Chemistry (1947) – the science of substances: their structure, their properties, and the reactions that change them into other substances (Pauling).•Chemistry (1998) – the study of matter and the changes it undergoes

The branch of science, which deals with the study of matter, its composition, its properties and the changes that it undergoes in composition as well as in energy during various processes, is defined as chemistry. It has been further divided into different branches depending upon specialized fields of study. The major branches of chemistry are:

Organic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

Industrial Chemistry

Analytical Chemistry

Biochemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

: study of carbon compounds especially hydrocarbons and derivatives.

: study of compounds of all other elements except carbon. It largely concerns itself with the study of minerals found in the Earth's crust.: basically concerned with laws and theories of the different branches of chemistry.: The chemistry involved in industrial processes is studied under this branch. : This branch deals with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of various substances.: deals with the chemical changes going on in the bodies of living organisms; plants and animals.

: Nuclear reactions, such as nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, transmutation processes etc. are studied under this branch.

In addition, with new developments emerging in recent years, more branches of chemistry are being added. These include, pharmaceutical chemistry, geochemistry, agricultural chemistry, medicinal chemistry, solid-state chemistry, etc.

As chemistry concerns itself with matter and materials of the universe, it obviously plays a very significant role in almost all walks of life. Modern daily life involves the use of many chemical products and many chemical changes, although we are unaware of them. Major contributions of chemistry to the different walks of life in modern world are as :

FORENSIC SCIENCES

AGRICULTURE

HEALTH CARE

INDUSTRIES LIFE SCIENCESLIFE STYLES

agriculture

• Chemical fertilizers like urea, ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate etc . ,for the better production of crops.

• Insecticides such as DDT, BHC, chlorinated hydrocarbons, aldrin, malathion, dieldrin, furodan etc., for the protection of crops from insects and to help in the safe storage of food grains.

• Preservatives like sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulphite and salicylic acid for better preservation of food and check its wastage.

Significant contributions towards securing enough food grains and protecting crops have been made by the use of chemistry. These includes:

Cl

Cl

C

Cl3 CHDDT

forensic science

You have seen it on your favorite TV program when the police uses gaseous fumes to expose fingerprints found at a crime scene. Have you ever wondered what

those fumes are?? Here too is chemistry…….

cyanoacrylate, trade name, Super Glue. It is this same Super Glue that you can purchase at any depot. When cyanoacrylate is heated or mixed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), it releases fumes that interact with the amino acids that are found in the fingerprint residues found on an object, thus making a white print.Silver nitrate ,technicians apply silver nitrate to a latent fingerprint, the chloride found in fingerprint residue interacts with the silver nitrate and forms another compound called silver chloride. This reveals a black or reddish-brown fingerprint in the presence of ultraviolet light.

Ninhydrin, also known as triketohydrindene hydrate, An object suspected of containing latent fingerprints is sprayed with a solution of ninhydrin, heating up the object to a temperature of 80 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit can reduce the reaction time. The resulting fingerprint will be a purple/blue print.

health care

The eradication of a number of diseases and major contributions to improving human health, have been made by modern chemical discoveries.

• Life saving drugs and prophylactics, i.e., disease preventing serum and vaccines.

• Anesthetics and antiseptics

• Disinfectants and germicides

• Antibiotics, drug that kills or prevents the growth of bacteria, an analgesic is often used to relieve pain.

O OH

OCH3

O

health care

Sulfonamide drugs (the first antibacterial antibiotic)

Amino glycosides

Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid)

industry

Chemistry plays an important role in most industrial processes. Important examples are manufacture of:

• Synthetic fibre like rayon, nylon, Dacron, orlon etc.

• Plastics like Bakelite, Teflon, polythene etc.

• Paints, varnishes, enamels, dyes etc.

• Cement, glass and ceramics and extraction of metals like silver, magnesium, gold, iron etc.

NH

(CH2)5

C

Onnylon

6

life styles

In every walk of life, chemistry has been the pioneer contributor towards enabling the comfort, convenience and pleasures of man. Chemistry has helped us in getting a number of amenities. Some examples are:

• Domestic requirements such as better fabrics, soaps, shampoos, cosmetics, dyes, oils, flavoring essences, paper etc.• Air conditioning, refrigeration and domestic gadgets: To keep people cool and food fresh in all seasons, we make use of air conditioning. Chemical substances like liquid ammonia, liquid sulphur dioxide, CFC etc., are used in these machines.• All consumer electronic gadgets based on Printed Circuit Board technology (PCB'S) use specialized chemical coatings for their functioning.

life science

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the chemical inside the nucleus of all cells that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms. A DNA molecule consists of two strands that wrap around each other to resemble a twisted ladder. The sides are made of sugar and phosphate molecules. The “rungs” are made of nitrogen-containing chemicals called bases. Each strand is composed of one sugar molecule, one phosphate molecule, and a base. Four different bases are present in DNA - adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The particular order of the bases arranged along the sugar - phosphate backbone is called the DNA sequence; the sequence specifies the exact genetic instructions required to create a particular organism with its own unique traits. 

Dark Side of Chemistry

Chemistry has also been misused by unscrupulous people, endangering the society

It has given the menace of harmful drugs and their bulk processing, like LSD, cocaine, brown sugar, angel dust, etc. that cripple the society.

Chemistry has also developed explosives such as TNT, RDX and other deadly chemical weapons of destruction - the atomic and hydrogen bombs. Terrorists and aggressive societies have used these with devastating effects.

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