China Marine Debris Prevention Action Plan · 2017-12-13 · Study on technology of monitoring and analysis, environmental influence on marine debris, etc. 2015年“近岸海域微纳米颗粒的生物生态效应评估技术与示范应用”

中国在行动：国家政策、倡议和实践

China Marine Debris Prevention Action Plan

泰国普吉岛 2017-11-22 Phuket, Thailand, 23 November, 2017

海洋垃圾污染成为全球性的环境问题 Marine Debris Pollution– a Global Environmental Issue

中国海洋垃圾防治工作进展 Prevention and Control of Marine Debris in China

下一步工作设想 Future Plans

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国家海洋局 State Oceanic Administration, P.R.China www.soa.gov.cn

Contents


塑料垃圾通过多种途径进入海洋，在海洋

环境中逐渐积累，对海洋生态环境和人类健

康构成新的威胁。

Plastic garbage could accumulate in

the marine environment gradually

and pose threat to marine ecological

environment and human health.

1、海洋垃圾污染成为全球性环境问题 Marine Debris Pollution– a Global Environmental Issue


对海洋可持续发展产生负面影响

Negative effect on marine

sustainable development

Text in here

影响生态系统健康 Destroy

ecosystem

威胁航行安全

Threat to navigation

safety

影响景观视觉污染 Pollute the vision of

landscape

1、海洋垃圾污染成为全球性环境问题 Marine Debris Pollution– a Global Environmental Issue


Marine microplastics ：pieces of plastic, particles and globules whose diameter is less than 5mm。

Large lump of garbage distributed into pieces of plastic under the action of sea wave and ultraviolet ray

Pieces of synthetic fibre in micro-exfoliators and coated fabrics which are contains in personal care productions and detergent.

海洋微塑料：海洋中的PM2.5 Marine microplastics：PM2.5 in the ocean




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Contents


2.1 建立健全海洋垃圾防治法律法规 Legal and Institutional Framework-National

环境保护法、海洋环境保护法、水污染防治法、固体废物污染环境防治法

Environmental Protection Law of the People’s republic of China、Marine

environmental protection law of the people’s Republic of China 、Law of

the People‘s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water

Pollution、Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control

of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes

——通过设立“排放许可制度、排污缴费制度、排污追责制度”等，对固体废物管理

提出严格要求。

——“discharge permit system, charge sewage effluent system, call to

account for sewage effluent system”

防治陆源污染物污染损害海洋环境管理条例 Regulations Concerning the Prevention and Cure of Pollution Damage of

Marine Environment by Pollutants from Land

——禁止在岸滩擅自堆放、弃置和处理固体废弃物，以防止固体废弃物进入海洋环境。 —— prevent solid wastes being dumped into the oceans, it is prohibited to pile up, discard and dispose solid wastes without permission


中华人民共和国海洋倾废管理条例

Regulations Concerning the Management of Ocean Dumping

——规定禁止向海洋倾倒渔网、绳索、塑料制品及其他能在海面漂浮或在水中悬浮

的固体废弃物。 ——it is prohibited to dump fishing net, ropes, plastic products and any

other solid wastes can be floated on the sea and suspended in the water

防治海洋工程建设项目污染损害海洋环境管理条例、防治海岸工程建设项

目污染损害海洋环境管理条例、中华人民共和国海洋石油勘探开发环境保

护管理条例、防止船舶污染海域管理条例、中华人民共和国防止拆船污染

环境管理条例等 ——分别对海洋工程、海岸工程、海洋石油勘探开发、海洋船舶活动等进行严格规定，禁止上述涉海活动向海洋倾倒、排放、弃置塑料垃圾及其他可能影响海洋环境的固体废物。 ——it is prohibited for these activities to dump, discharge, discard

plastic rubbish and other solid wastes which may destroy marine environment.

2.1 建立健全海洋垃圾防治法律法规 Legal and Institutional Framework-National


2.2 出台海洋垃圾防治管理政策 Marine Debris Institutional Arrangements

2008年发布“限塑令”Ban on free plastic bags was announced in 2008

实施至今，超市、商场的塑料购物袋使用量普遍减少了2/3以上，累计减少塑料购物袋140万吨左右。Since it was carried out, the usage amount of plastic bags in markets and department stores has decreased more than two thirds, with 1.4 million cut. 出台“水十条”、“土十条”、“河长制” 《 The Action Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control 》、《The Action plan for Soil Pollution

Prevention and Control 》、River Chief System were introduced

大力削减陆源固体废弃物污染，控制固体废弃物入海。 These regulations play positive roles in reducing land solid waste pollution and controlling solid waste into the sea. 国家海洋局印发《关于开展“湾长制”试点工作的指导意见》 Guidance on carrying out Sea Chief was published by SOA.

控制陆源垃圾输入，禁止生产生活垃圾倾倒入海，开展海洋垃圾清理。Control the input of wastes in terrestrial sources, forbid dumping rubbish into oceans and clean the marine debris.


2.3 海洋垃圾/微塑料监测评价 Monitoring and Assessment Program

2007年以来，国家海洋局每年选择近岸50余个

有代表性的区域开展海洋垃圾分布状况监测，通过《中国海洋环境状况公报》发布结果。

Established in 2007, Marine Debris Monitoring and Assessment Program was carried out at 50 coastal sites and the result was announced by China Marine Environment Bulletin.

监测区域基本覆盖沿海地级市，主要监测区域为旅游休闲娱乐区、农渔业区、港口航运区等。

Monitoring areas cover coastal prefecture-level cities and the main monitoring areas are leisure entertainment , agriculture and fisheries, port of shipping areas.

Items Observing Methods

Beach debris Sighting survey

Floating debris Sighting/Trawling survey

Seafloor debris Diving survey/Trawling survey

• 海漂垃圾Floating: 2 284 items/km2, 62 kg /km2;

• 海滩垃圾Beach: 69 203 items/km2 , 1 105 kg /km2;

• 海底垃圾Seafloor: 1 325 items/km2, 34 kg/km2;

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

塑料类

金属类

聚苯乙烯泡沫类

橡胶类

玻璃类

织物类

纸类

木制品类

其他

海底垃圾

海滩垃圾

海面漂浮垃圾

Macro-Debris In 2016

0

10

20

30

40

2007年 2008年 2009年 2010年 2011年 2012年 2013年 2014年 2015年 2016年

数量密度（个

/平方公里）

（a）大块和特大块漂浮垃圾密度

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

2007年 2008年 2009年 2010年 2011年 2012年 2013年 2014年 2015年 2016年

数量密度（个

/平方公里）

（b）中块和小块漂浮垃圾密度

0

25000

50000

75000

100000

2007年 2008年 2009年 2010年 2011年 2012年 2013年 2014年 2015年 2016年

数量密度（个

/平方公里）

（c）海滩垃圾密度

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

2007年 2008年 2009年 2010年 2011年 2012年 2013年 2014年 2015年 2016年

数量密度（个

/平方公里）

(d）海底垃圾密度

Mega Floating Debris Macro Floating Debris

Sea Floor Debris Beach Debris

Debris Abundance from 2007 to 2016 in China

3,537

38

334,271 174,000

1,414 1,534

20,328 21,000

2,689 4,256 2,959

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10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

数量

密度

（个

/km

2）

（a）海水表面漂浮垃圾密度Floating Debris (items/km2)

Made with the data of WOA I

84

270153

341

2114

570

2800

180

6883

100

6.6

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10

100

1000

10000

数量密度（个

/10

0 m

2）

（b）海滩垃圾密度Beach Debris (items/100 m2)

10

437

3

67

1,100

3,635 2,868 2,762 3,125

1,360

1

10

100

1,000

10,000数

量密

度（

个/k

m2）

（c）海底垃圾密度Benthic Debris (items/km2)


海洋微塑料试点监测 marine microplastics pilot monitoring in 2016 ——8个海滩微塑料监测 8 monitoring points on the beach

——20个站位海面漂浮微塑料监测 20 monitoring points of floating debris

——生物体微塑料监测 microplastics monitoring in organism

海洋微塑料试点监测 marine microplastics pilot monitoring in 2017 ——9个海滩微塑料监测 9 monitoring points on the beach

——30个站位海面漂浮微塑料监测 30 monitoring points of floating debris

——生物体微塑料监测 microplastics monitoring in organism

——1个河口（九龙江）微塑料监测 monitoring in organism estuary

——西太平洋公海海域和北极区域 area of Western Pacific and Arctic

2.3 海洋垃圾/微塑料监测评价 Monitoring and Assessment Program

MPs distribution in 2016

Sinonovacula constricta:0.16 item/g

Ruditapes philippinarum:0.49 item/g

Perna viridis:0.12 item/g

Density：0.29 item/m3 (0.001-2.35

item/m3 )

Component: PE, PP and PS;

Color: white, blue;

Shape：line, film, fragment, foam

spherules.

MPs in surface waters

MPs on beaches

MPs in shellfish 0.26 item/g（WW）

Density：100 - 1208 item/m2

Component: PE, PP, PS, PET,

PVC.

Shape：fragment, film, fiber.

Abundance of microplastics reported in the surface water (n/m3)

Made by Ju-Ying Wang NMEMC


2.4 海洋垃圾/微塑料专项研究 Specific Research on Marine Microplastics

组织开展海洋垃圾和微塑料的监测和分析关键技术、环境影响等研究。

Study on technology of monitoring and analysis,

environmental influence on marine debris, etc.

2015年“近岸海域微纳米颗粒的生物生态效应评估技术与示范应用” The public welfare program of bioecological effect assessment technology and demonstration application of micro-particles in offshore waters, 2015

2016年“海洋微塑料监测和生态环境效应评估技术研究” The program of bioecological effect assessment technology and demonstration application of micro-particles in offshore, 2016

2017年，国家海洋局成立“海洋垃圾和微塑料研究中心” Marine Debris and Microplastic Research Center was established by SOA in 2017.


2.5 宣传教育与志愿活动 Public Education & Volunteer Activities

“世界海洋日”“国际海滩清洁日”

World Oceans Day and International Coastal Cleaning Day

海滩垃圾和海洋垃圾清理等志愿活动

Organize voluntary activities such as beach clean up and

marine debris removal.


2.6 国际交流合作 International Cooperation and Exchange

严格履行相关国际公约，积极参与

海洋垃圾管理的国际实践。

Strictly conform to relevant

international conventions and take

an active part in international

management of marine debris.

积极参与UNEP、IOC/WESTPAC、

PICES、APEC等框架下的海洋垃

圾领域交流合作。

Participate in the exchange and

cooperation in the field of marine

rubbish under the framework of

UNEP, IOC / WESTPAC, PICES,

APEC.


推进中美海洋垃圾防治“伙伴城市”（厦门-旧金山、威海-纽约）

合作，分享预防和减少海洋垃圾的经验和最佳实践。 Promote cooperation between Sino-US “Partner Cities” (Xiamen-

San Francisco, Weihai-New York）.

2016年贵阳生态文明国际论坛期间，厦门市和旧金山市代表签署预

防和减少海洋垃圾合作谅解备忘录。 Xiamen and San Francisco signed a Memorandum of Understanding

on the prevention and reduction of marine debris in 2016.

在中日海洋事务高级别磋商框架下，开展中日海洋垃圾合作研究，

建设专家对话平台。 China-Japan Experts Dialogue Platform on Marine Debris

cooperation has been established

11月3日，中韩海洋科学技术合作第十四次联委会议确定将海洋垃

圾和微塑料防治作为后续合作议题。 Marine debris prevention was identified as follow-up cooperation

issues in the 14th meeting of China-Korea Joint Commission on

Marine Science and Technology Cooperation.

2.6 国际交流合作 International Cooperation and Exchange


2.7 地方政府海洋垃圾防治 Practices of Local Governments

沿海地方政府积极开展河道垃圾治理活动，建立垃圾巡查制度，建设垃

圾收集、转运和处置设施，加强海洋垃圾清除与管理。 Governments of costal cities carry out treatment of river debris , establish debris inspection systems, build facilities for debris collection, transportation and disposal, and enhance removal and management of marine debris .

福建省成立238支固定保洁队伍，设立海洋垃圾转运站，每年清理垃圾数量达

5000-6000吨。

广东省开展海洋垃圾专项整治行动，2016年清理处置各类垃圾2200余吨。




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3 下一步工作设想 Future Plans

海洋垃圾来源广泛、种类众多，涉及陆域、海域等区域，也涉及海洋、环

保、城建、农业、水利、海事等诸多领域。做好海洋垃圾防治，需要“源

头预防、过程控制、末端清理”，建立源头至末端的全流程整体机制和治

理措施。

Marine debris comes from both land-based and ocean-based sources. It

involves a wide range of fields such as ocean, environmental protection,

urban construction, agriculture, water conservancy and maritime affairs.

It is imperative to establish an overall mechanism for the prevention

and control of marine debris and strengthen the “source to end control”

of marine debris.


研究制定海洋垃圾（微塑料)防治行动计划

marine debris (microplastics) action plan

推动建立国家层面海洋垃圾（微塑料）防治长效机制，统筹考虑监测评价、防控

措施、公众引导、国际合作等工作，推动海洋垃圾（微塑料）防治国家战略。

Establish a long-term mechanism for the prevention and control of

marine debris (microplastics) at the national level, to coordinate the

monitoring, assessment, prevention and control of marine debris

(microplastics), and to promote national strategy of the prevention

and control of marine debris.

引导有关产业的绿色发展，倡导绿色生活，从源头减少废弃物产生。

To conduct a special survey of the plastics industry and encourage its

green development, which helps to reduce plastic waste.

加大对海洋垃圾防治的投入力度，在垃圾回收、再利用、环境友好型材料应用等

环节，并做好重点区域海洋垃圾的清理打捞。

Increase the input into marine rubbish prevention and control.



继续实施海洋垃圾（微塑料）常态化监测。扩大开展海洋垃圾（微塑料）

监测范围，全面掌握中国管辖海域的海洋垃圾（微塑料）状况，并且根据

实际需求，开展大洋、极地区域的相关监测。

To promote the regular monitoring. To carry out the

investigation and monitoring of marine debris (microplastics) to

get the full information of the current status of marine debris

(microplastics) in our country, regularly issue the monitoring

and assessment results to help local governments formulate

targeted marine debris prevention and control measures.



强化海洋垃圾（微塑料）专项研究。设立系列研究项目，重点在海洋垃圾

和微塑料来源、输移、生态环境影响及治理措施等研究，提高对海洋垃圾

（微塑料）污染机制和风险等科学认知。

To strengthen the special research. To continue carrying

out studies on the sources and transport of marine debris

(microplastics), its effects on environment and the measures to

address it, which helps to improve the scientific understanding

of the pollution mechanism and risks of marine debris

(microplastics).



国际交流合作。继续推动双边、多边以及各类国际组织框架下的国际交流，中

国也愿意在政策研究、技术交流、信息共享等方面开展合作，作出应有贡献。

Cooperation. To continue carrying out bilateral and multilateral

cooperation and exchange on marine debris, including policy research,

technical exchange and information sharing.

We want to make Chinese contribution.


Thanks for your attention !

Documents

China Marine Debris Prevention Action Plan · 2017-12-13 · Study on technology of monitoring and analysis, environmental influence on marine debris, etc. 2015年“近岸海域微纳米颗粒的生物生态效应评估技术与示范应用”