Chuong 2 3 4 Sensor Actuator Control 2

5/22/2018 Chuong 2 3 4 Sensor Actuator Control 2

1/127

BI GINGBI GING

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NITRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NIVIN INVIN IN

12/25/2014

Nguyn ThHu

Bmn Kthuto v Tin hc cng nghip

NTH-Bmn kthut o v tin hc cng nghip


2/127

NI DUNGNI DUNG MN HCMN HC

1

2

Lch spht trin ca cc hthngo viu khincng nghip

Cc thit b o lng trong cng nghip

3 Cc thit bchp hnh

22/25/2014

5 Cskthut truyn tin cng nghip

4

7

Thit b iu khin v gim st

Mt shthng cng nghip thc t

6 Cc giao thc cng nghip tiu biu



3/127

LuLuP&IDP&ID

32/25/2014 NTH-Bmn kthut o v tin hc cng nghip


4/127

P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation Diagram)

P&ID l mt dng bn vm kst ng ha sphic v

hiu c. N gm cc k hiu quy nh ca 'qu trnh'(process), ng ng ckh v phkin, van iu khin/vanan ton, thit b o (instrument) v iu khin lin kt li vi

LuLuP&IDP&ID

nhau. c xong chng, bn s nm c 'dng chy', cchthc iu khin v o m ca 1 khu vc m 1 bn vP&IDtruyn ti cho bn.

Mt nh my c rt nhiu bn vP&ID nu quy m n ln.Trong 1 nh my tt ccc ksckh, thit b, ha/cngngh/qu trnh, instrumentationu phi dng ci P&IDlm

vic42/25/2014 NTH-Bmn kthut o v tin hc cng nghip


5/127

Quy trinh thit kmt hthng iu khin bao gicng btu vi bc tm hiu cc yu cu cng ngh a ra ccc tchc nng cthca hthng da trn cscc mcchiu khin cbn.

Ngi ksthit kh iu khin c cung cp cc ti liu

LuLuP&IDP&ID

,cng nghl quan trong nht.

Nhim vca ngi ksthit k iu khin l b!xung thit b

o, chp hnh, cc chc nng iu khin qu trnh cthvthhin chng qua bn vluP&ID.

LuP&ID l cscho vic phn tch v thit khthng



6/127

Cc biu tng trong luP&IDc s"dng tngiithng nht trn ton th gii, hu ht u da trn chu#n

ANSI/ISA.

K hiu ca thit b o v iu khin theo tiu chun ANSI



7/127




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9/127




10/127




11/127

K hiu b sung v chc nng thit b o

Chciu Cc chci sau

i lng o Bsung, thay i Chc nng

hin th

Chc nng

u ra

Thay i

A Analysis- Phn tch (%O-2,

%CO---2v.v ----)

Bo ng, bo

hiuB (Burner) -Ngn la vit Tchn Tchn TchnC Dnin, dn nhit Control (13)D Ttrng, trng lng ring Vi sai (4)E in p (V), scinng Phn t s cp,

112/25/2014

cm bi n

F Tc dng chy (t/h, m-----2/h,

v.v)

Tl(Fraction (4))

G Kch thc Thutinh (9)H Hand- Vn hnh tay Cao (m)I

Dngin (A) Chth(10)J in nng (KWh) Scan (7)K Thi gian (s) Time rate of

change

Trmiu khin

L Mc (%) nh sng(11) Thp LM

!m Momentary Gi tr(7, 15) trong B



12/127

K hiu b sung v chc nng thit b o

N Tchn Tchn Tchn Tchn

O Tchn Orifice-"l#ch$n

P p sut (kgf/cm2, bar, mm, H2O) im nn kim tra

Q Quantity- Lu lng (m2), (t) Tch phn ho%c tng(4)

R Phng x Ghi hay in

S Tc(m/s, vng/pht), tn s Bo v(8) Cng t&c (bo v)

122/25/2014

T Nhit(0C) Transmit-Bbini

U Universal-a bin (6) c chc nng

(12)

c chc nng (12) c chc

nng (12)

V Viscosity-nht VanW Trng lng (t), lc Tt Van, ca chn hng (13)

X Thit bkhc: (Folaphon, v.v) Tr'c X Khng s&p xp Khng s&p xp Khng s&p

xp

Y Event, State, Presence Tr'c Y Rle (13, 14)

Z Vtr (%) Tr'c Z Thnh phniu khin



13/127

KK hiuhiu thitthit bb trongtrong lulu trnhtrnh cngcng nghngh



14/127

Mt s v d v thit b o trong s cng ngh



15/127

Mt s v d v thit b o trong s cng ngh



16/127

K hiu bsung chc nngiu khin

Chvit t&t ngha Chvit t&t ngha

A Tn hiu tng t M Motor actuator

ADAPT. Modeiu khin thchng MAX. Modeiu khin MAX

AS Ngu(n khng kh cung cp MIN. Modeiu khin MIN

AVG. Trung bnh NS Ngu(n cung cp Nit

C Kt ni ma trn board O Tn hiu t)ho%c m thanh

D - Modeiu khin mch r*

-Tn hiu s

OPT. Modeiu khin ttiu

DIFF. Vi sai DIR. Chiu hotng

- -

162/25/2014

-

-Modeiu khin tl-Thit blm sch

-

-Modeiu khin t ngng li-Thit bReset ca linng sc

E Tn hiu p REV. Quay ngc

ES Ngu(n cung cpin RTD uc nhitin tr

FC ng mch lc sc S Cun dy th)a hnh

FI ng mch ngay sau khi sc S.P. im%t trc

FL Linng lc sc SQ.RT. Ly cn

FO Hmch lc sc SS Ngu(n cung cp hi

GS Ngu(n cung cp Gas T Vi

H Tn hiu thulc WS Ngu(n cung cp nc

HS Ngu(n thulc X -Nhn, -Th)a hnh

I -Dngin, -Linng



17/127

Mt sk hiu thngc sdng

Cng tc bo v ( Protection)

ZS Limit switch Cng t&c gii hn

SS Speed Cng t&c tc

RS Rope Dy cng cng t&c koDS Driff Cng t&clch

PS Pressure Cng t&c p sut

LS Level Cng t&c mc

172/25/2014

TS Temperature Cng t&c nhit

US Miscellaneous Pha tp, h#n hp

ZQ Torque Cng t&c momen

OS Shock relay Rle vap

FS Flow switch Cng t&c lu tc

Dng c o (Instrument)TE Temperature element

PT Pressure transmitter

ZT Position transmitter



18/127

ng tn hiu vng ni trn luP&ID

Mt sk hiu thngc sdng



19/127

Lu trnh (flowsheet) l s m tqu trnh hot ng cacc thit btrong qu trnh hot ng sn xut, trong cc

thit b c spt theo thtca dng cng ngh.Biu tng ca thit bcng ngh c m tb$ng cc hnh

n gin ha ca thit bth%t m m&i nh thit k t ra v lu

Lu trnh cng ngh

li trong csd'liu. Thit b c m ttng trng b$ngcc biu tng v k hiu. K hiu thit b o viu khinc k hiutrn.

Lu trnh c th chia ra lm nhiu loi khc nhau v cdng trong qu trnh thit k, lpt hiu ch(nh v hin thtrnmn hnh ca thao tc vin v ksqun l



20/127

Cc biu tng nyc s"dng thng nht trong mt qu trnh thitk, tnh ton, lp t v v%n hnh lu di ca nh my. Thng thngcc hng ln vt ng hau xy dng thvin biu tngdng

thng nht cho cc dn v thit k.

Trong thit kHTTTLK (I & C system) c cc lu trnh sau:

Lu trnh cng ngh

Lu trnh thit kv thit b (design and item flow sheet)

Lu trnh thit b o viu khin (instrumentation flow sheet)

Lu trnh thit b bo v (switch and protection flowsheet)

Lu trnh qu trnh rt quan trngi vi vic thit k, tm hiu vhotng ca hthng cng ngh.i vi nh my ln lu trnh nycchia lm nhiu phn on. V v%y c lu trnh ton cnh v lu trnh

phnon t!chc hp l202/25/2014 NTH-Bmn kthut o v tin hc cng nghip


21/127

Lu trnh ton cnh nh ca mt my xi mng

S Tn cngon

1 Myp vi, st, .. .

2 nhng, co, trn

(ngu sb3 Trn nguyn liu

4 My nghin

5 My phn ly tnhin

212/25/2014

6 Xilo cha nguyn liu

7 Thp thiu kt

8 L quay Clinke

9 Blm lnh Clinke

10 Xilo Clinke

11 My nghin xi mng

12 Xilo xi mng

13 Phn phi xi mng



22/127

LLuu trnh qu trnh p vi, sttrnh qu trnh p vi, st

S Tn cngon

1 Xe ti c+ln

2 Hm nhn nguyn liu

3 Bng truyn vt xoy

4 Myp ba

5 Bn ti

m bo nguyn liu cho nng sut nh my 4000 tn xi mng/ngy ta phitnh ton lu lng phi chuyn qua my%p tia l trn 260 tn/gi. T) ychn my%p, chn l my%p ca HAZMAG vi nng sut 600 tn/gi(%pkhng lin tc).

Thit kkho 222/25/2014 NTH-Bmn kthut o v tin hc cng nghip


23/127

Cn cvo cc sliuy ngi ta chn thit bcng ngh, l%p danh schv ti liu cc thit bcng nghtrong dy chuyn

Lu trnh thit k v chn thit b



24/127

Trn cscc thit b chn, nghin cu hotng ca chng trong dy chuyn:

Lu trnh thit b o v bo v

Khing

ng my

Cc linng

Cc mch cng

iu khin cn

c

242/25/2014

Chn thit b o viu khin, cc lpt v hotng trn dy chuyny l qu trnh thnh

lp lu trnh thit b o viu khinNTH-Bmn kthut o v tin hc cng nghip


25/127

NI DUNGNI DUNG CHNG 2CHNG 2

Thit b o trong h thng t ng

Cc thit b o lng trong cng nghip2

252/25/2014

Cc thit b o cci lngin trong cng nghip

Cc thit b o cci lng khngin trong CN



26/127

Yxc thl mt ch(th *x(c in) gi l thit b o tng t, c thl consNxgi l thit b o s. Ngoi ra cn c cci lng A, B l cc yu t

MM hnhhnh thitthit bb oo

qu o lng. Phng trnhc tnh cbn ca thit b o c thvit:

Yx= F (X,A,B...)

X l mti lng hng th thit b o l thit b o tnh.

X l mti lng bin thin theo thi gian X(t) th thit b o l thit b ong.

X l mti lng ngu nhin th thit b o l thit b oi lng ngu nhin.

X l mt Vector nhiu thnh phn th thit b o l mt h o gin tip hay hp b.262/25/2014 NTH-Bmn kthut o v tin hc cng nghip


27/127

nhy ca thit b o (S)

Khongo Dx = Xmax- Xmin

Ng,ng nhyKhnng phn ly ca thit b o ,

cc tnhtnh caca thitthit bb oo

x

xR

xN

chnh xc ca thit b o (sai s)

Thi giano ca thit b

T!n hao cng sut ca thit bCp chnh xc ca thit b o.

...



28/127

nhy ca thit b o (S)


XX

dYK =

dX

dYX: bin thin ca Y theo XdX: bin thin cai lng vo hayi lngoKX: hsbin!i ca thit b o

x ,

gi lnhy ca thit b o (SX)

SXcng ln thnhy thit bcng cao.

N

u KX=constmi gi trca X trong khongo t)[0,Xn] , tac Y = KX v ta c thit b o tuyn tnh.



29/127

Ngng nhy

Ng,ng nhy ca thit b o l gi tr o thp nht m dng c

c thphn bitc :-x, -y.i vi dng c o tng t, Xc xcnh b$ng kim ch(th

th - l phn l.khong chia c th c c (thng thng


c thchn l 1/5 thang chia).i vi dng cs -x=Xn/Nnl ng,ng ca ADC hay l gi tr

mt LSB ca bm ho (Lowest Significating Bit) tc gi tr

mt lng t" o.



30/127

Khnng phn ly ca thit b o

i vi thit b o tng t:

Khnng phn ly ca thit b c tnh theo cng thc:

-xc ly 1/5 vch khc.


XX

DR =

V d: thang chia c chia 100 vch th -x=1/5 khongchia = DX/500 nhv%y khnng phn ly R=500.

i vi thit b o s: -x l 1 LSB th khnng phn ly cathit b o s:

302/25/2014

X,

XX

D=N

1LSB



31/127

Khnng phn ly ca thit b o

V d: Mt bbin!i tng tsADC-700 (D, E, F, I, N...)

ca Burr Brown sbit l 16 tc R= 216

= 65536.D ngha l khongou vo l 0- 10V


Nhv%y mt LSB ca ADC 700-D l : =0.1525 mV

so snh khnng phn ly gi'a thit b o tng tv s ta

c thphn tch nhsau:c cng khnng phn ly 16 bitnhca ADC700 dng ctng tphi c chiu di thangchial bao nhiu? gis"khong cch chial 1mm

312/25/2014

65536



32/127

chnh xc ca thit b o




33/127

Thi giano ca thit b o

Lo thi gian tnh t)lcti lngo vo thit bchon

khi thit b !nnhly kt qu o.i vi cc thit bsth thi giano l thi gian bin!i ca

bbin i tng t- s(T ).


Trong cc thit bs, thi gian ly m/u (Tlm) phi ln hn thigian bin!i.



34/127

Thit b o p

oin p DC v AC t n sti hng MHz

in p trong di tvi mVn hng MV Dng cuo chth tng thoc s

CcCc thitthit bb oo cccc ii l!ngl!ng inin

hoc s)

o dngin DC v AC t n sti hng MHz

dngin trong di tvi mVn hng MV

Dng cuo chth tng thoc s



35/127

Thit b o cng sut,o cng sut phn khng

Chyuotn scng nghip

Cng sutn hng ngn MW hay MVA Cos (phi) = 0-1

ThitThit bb oo cccc ii l!ngl!ng inin



36/127

Thit b o tn s

o tn s n hng tr!m GHz

Chyuo tn scng nghip phn giin 0.01Hz




37/127

Thit b o cc thng smchin RLC

o tng thng shayo thng sphc hp

Phc v cho xcnh thng smchin Phc v choo cci lng khngin




38/127

Qua cc thi k0pht trin, thit b o cci lng khnginhin i c xy dng trn csvi x"l (micro processorbased) v btu chuyn sang giaion xy dng trn csvi hthng (micro system based).

CcCc thitthit bb oo cccc ii l!ngl!ng khngkhng inin



39/127

o nhit

o tip xc

o bng nhitin tr(Pt100. Pt1000, N, W, ...) o bng cp nhit ngu (K, E, J,...)

CcCc thitthit bb oo cccc ii l!ngl!ng khngkhng inin

......

o khng tip xc

o bng phng php h"a quang k

o bng h#ng ngoi

......


02000


40/127

Nhit ngu (can nhit)

ET= KT(tnng- ttdo) = KTtnng KTttdo

ET: scinng nhit ng/uKT:nhy ca cp nhit (V/0C)

oo nhitnhit

nng

t-tdo: nhit u tdo


02000


41/127

CcCc kiukiu nhitnhit kknhitnhit ngungu

KH KHHT

V%t liu cu thnh cim lu tm

B - Platin Rhodium 30Platin.Rhodium 6

Dy dng nh l hp kim 70%Pt, 30%Rh. Dy m lhp kim 94%Pt, 6%Rh. Loi B bn hn loi R, gii o

nhit n 1800 C, cn ccc tnh khc th nhloi R.

R - PtRh 13-Pt Dy dng l loi hp kim 87%Pt, 13%Rh. Dy m l Ptn u n cht. C n rt chnh xc, bn vi nhit v n

412/25/2014

nh. Khng nn dngnh'ng mi trng c hi kim loi.

S - PtRh 10-Pt Dy dng l hp kim 90%Pt, 10%Rh. Dy m l Ptnguyn cht. Ccc tnh khc nhloi R.

K CA Cromel-Alumel Dy dng l hp kim gm chyu l Ni v Cr. Dy m lhp kim chyu l Ni. Dng rng ri cho Cng nghip,bn vi mi trng oxy ha. Khng c dng trong mitrng c CO, SO hay kh S c H


02000


42/127

CcCc kiukiu nhitnhit kknhitnhit ngungu

KH KHHT V%t liu cu thnh cim lu tmE CRC Cromel-Constantan Dy dng nh loi K, dy m nh loi J. C sc

in ng nhit in cao v thng dng mitrng acid

J IC St-Constantan Dy dng l ng. Dy m l hp kim chyu lhp Ni v Cu. Nhit ng/u ny bntrong mi trngn mn Fe v dngnhittrung bnh.

422/25/2014

T CC ng-Constantan Dy dng l Cu. Dy m cng l Cu v Ni.chnhxc cao khi lm vicdi 300 C (-200 C - 1000 C)dng vvi mi trng kh v oxy ha.

W/W

-26E

Tungsten-Tungsten-

Rhenium 26

Dy dng b$ng Tungsten v dy m 74% tungsten

v 26% rhenium. Ph hp o nhit cao, tnh bngim vi cc kh tr trong khng kh, khng chngc oxy ha, khng s"dngc trong khng kh.


020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000


43/127

GiiGii hnhn nhitnhit oo vivi ccccngng bobo vvkhckhc nhaunhau

Dng ca cpnhit

ng knh ca dy Gii hn nhit lmvic

1ng bo vO.D x I.D

K hiu ng

knh bnngoi

Gii hn

o chu#n

Gii hn o

trn

1ng bo v

b$ng kimloi

( mm)

1ng bo v

khng b$ngkim loi( mm)

432/25/2014

PtRh 6%

. - x

RPtRh 13% -Pt L 0.5 1400 C 1600 C - 15 x 11

RPtRh 10% -Pt L 0.5 1400 C 1600 C - 15 x 11

K (Chromel -Alumel) D 3.2 1000 C 1200 C 21.7x16.1 17 x 13C 2.3 900 C 1100 C 21.7x16.1 17 x 13

B 1.6 860 C 1050 C 15 x 11 15 x 11A 1.0 750 C 950 C 12 x 9 15 x 11

H 0.65 650 C 850 C 10 x 7 10 x 6NTH-Bmn kthut o v tin hc cng nghip

GiiGii hh hihi ii bb khkh hh

02000000000000000000000000000000000000000000


44/127

GiiGii hnhn nhitnhit oo vivi ccccngng bobo vvkhckhc nhaunhau

Dng ca cpnhit

ng knh ca dy Gii hn nhit lm vic 1ng bo vO.D x I.D

K hiu ngknh bn

ngoi

Gii hno chu#n

Gii hn otrn

1ng bo vb$ng kim loi

( mm)

1ng bo vkhng b$ng

kim loi( mm)

E (Chromel -Constantan

B 1.6 550 C 650 C 15 x 11 -

A 1.0 500 C 550 C 12 x 9 -

442/25/2014

H 0.65 450 C 500 C 10 x 7 -

T 0.32 300 C 400 C 10 x 7 -

J(St-Constantan)

C 2.3 550 C 750 C 21.7x16.1 17 x 13

B 1.6 500 C 650 C 15 x 11 15 x 11

A 1.0 450 C 550 C 12 x 9 15 x 11

H 0.65 400 C 500 C 10 x 7 10 x 6T

(ng-Constantan)

B 1.6 300 C 350 C 15 x 11 -

A 1.0 250 C 300 C 12 x 9 -

H 0.65 200 C 250 C 10 x 7 -

T 0.32 200 C 250 C 10 x 7 -


T ittT itt hithit ""


45/127

Transmitter nhit ng/u lm cc nhim vsau:

Binin p thnh dng thng nht 4-20 mA.

B nhit u tdo ca cc nhit ng/u khc nhauu vo ca Transmitter lin p.

TransmitterTransmitter nhitnhit ng"ung"u

-T T. nng- -tdo -T--. nng- -T. -tdo

E-T scinng nhit ng/u

KTnhy ca cp nhit

tnng nhit u nng (nhitcno)

ttdo nhit u tdo 452/25/2014

T

dotuTTo

K

.tKEt

=




46/127

Ta phi ch(nh KTthnocho 0 Cng vi 4 mA v nhitnh mcng vi 20 mA. Mun thta phi khuchi v phibtr c th nh hskhuch i ng vi cc K

T

mongmun.


462/25/2014

S nguyn l ca transmitter nhit ngu 7MC1932 ca Siemens




47/127

Nhit ngu kthng phm

Cc nhit k800004 v 800007 loi K/J


uo Khongo phn gii chnh xc

Loi K -200 13700C &-328 24980F

0.10C 0.3% rdg +10C, 20F,-200 2000C v trn 4000C /F

Cc nhit k800005 v 800008 viu ra RS 232.

472/25/2014

o c . r g + ,Loi J -200 1050 C &

-328 19220F

Model Loio Khongo chnh xc800005 Nhit kloi K, J -200/13700C &

-328 /24980F0.1% rdg. +0.70C, 20F

800008 Nhit kghi d'liu loi K 0.2% rdg. + 10C, FS


NhitNhit kk nhitnhit inin tr#tr#


48/127

Nhit knhitin trthng dng trong cng nghip, thngc chto b$ng Pt, dy ng, dy Ni v c k hiu l: Pt-100, Cu-100, Ni-100

Quan hgi'ain trv nhitcho bi:

NhitNhit kk nhitnhit inin tr#tr#

( )-.t1RR 0t +=


TransmitterTransmitter nhitnhit inin tr#tr#


49/127

1- Nhitin tr 2- Modul vo

3- Dng cung cp (h$ng) 4- Khuchiin p mt chiu

5- Modul ra 6-iu ch(nhin p


492/25/2014

S nguyn l ca transmitter nhitin tr; (b) Transmitter nhit

in tr7MC2932 ca SiemensNTH-Bmn kthut o v tin hc cng nghip



50/127

trnh nh hng ca in tr ng dy ta phi btr c thlp s 2 dy, 3 dy, 4 dy.


in p nhitin tr a qua A/D bin thnh s. Vi x"l tnhton ra nhit , sau qua D/A thnh dng in ra 4-20 mAng vi khongo ca nhitvo. Vi x"l cn lm nhim vtuyn tnh ha nhit k.


oo nhitnhit


51/127

S ca bbin !i thng minh o nhit SITRANS Tca Siemens

oo nhitnhit


ThitThit bb oo cccc ii l!ngl!ng khngkhng inin


52/127

p sut

Cm bin v s khi bbin!io p sut


NTH-Bmn kthut o v tin hc cng nghip 522/25/2014

e ,

IA, UH : Tn hiu vo v ngu(n cung cp 6 : Chuyni p tn1 : .ng dn kt ni 7 : Vi iu khin

2 : Mng ch&n 8 : Chuyni s- tng t

3 : Cht l/ngtruyn p sut 9 : Mchit v kt ni vi ampemet bn ngoi

4 : Cm binin trlc cng mngSilic



53/127

p sut

p sut o tc ng vo mt mng v)a ngn cch 2, v)a

truyn p sut qua mt cht truyn p sut. p sut ctruyn ln mt mngo. Mngo l mt mng bin dng, trny c mt cuo b$ng 4in trlc cng bn d/n.



2pR0.49Ed

=

- : bin dngtm mngn hi

p : p sut tc dng ln mngR : bn knh mngE : moduln hi ca mngd : chiu dy mng



54/127

p sut


Rk

R

=

CC CCU URU k

= =

2R/R : bin thin tngi cain trk :nhy ca cm bin ( k = 50 100i vi Si)

- : bin dng ca mng

2U nyca vo khuchi, qua bbin!i U f vo viiu khin v mt mt s truyn i b$ng s, mt mt binthnh dng 4 20 mA truyn ln cc thit bthu th%p s o.


CC

UKp

U

=



55/127

p sut





56/127

p sut

Mt scm bin p sut ca siemen

SITRANS P DS III dio 0 400 bar

SITRANS P250

SITRANS P200/P210/P220


SITRANS P280 SITRANS P300

SITRANS P500

SITRANS P Compact SITRANS P MPS

Archive SITRANS P




57/127

o lc

Cm binin trlc c!ng

Cm bin pin, p t ....

! g! g gg




58/127

o lc, gia tc, di chuyn

Cm binin cm,in dung

Encorder, resolver

My pht tc AC hay DC

! g! g gg




59/127

Thit b o lu lng

Cm bin cmngin t

S$dng rotor

Cm bin siu m

! g! g gg

.........




60/127

o mc

Bng phao n%i

Siu m

Qu p sut thy tnh

! g! g gg

.....




61/127

3 Cc thit bchp hnh

Cng tc thng bo

612/25/2014

Thit b tha hnh

Cc b iu chnh (Regulators)

Ccu chp hnh thy lc v kh nn


CngCng tctc thngthng bobo


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Nhim v: thng bo trng thi ca cc thit bcng nghviu khin phc vcho vic t ng ha qu trnh sn xut,thc hin cc chc nng bong hay ch#non kthu%t.

Tt ccc cng tc cc loi c xp vo i tng thngbo, k hiu M.

Cng tc phca cc rle, thit b in (khing t), cngtc t, my ct, v.v) cho bit trng thing - ct ca thitb.

Cng tc bo trng thi ca cc rle bo vkhi gi tr ovt qua gi trcho php.




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Cc cng tc ny thng c mt bph%n o, so snh vi gitrcho php, khi vt qua gii hny, cng tc thay!i trngthi.

u ra ca cng tc c a vo cc u DI (digital input)ca cc PLC




64/127

Rle

Cng tc t

AptomatMy ct hp

Dao ctDao cch ly

vv


RRlele


65/127

Rle cng l mtng dng ca cun dy trong sn xut thit bin t", nguyn l hot ng ca Rle l bin !i dng inthnh t)trng thng qua qun dy, t)trng li to thnh lc

c hc thng qua lc ht thc hin mt ng tc v c


,

ng mcc hnh trnh ca mtthit bt ng vv...

RRlele


66/127

Cc bph%n (cc khi) chnh ca rle Ccu tip thu (cun dy)

C nhim v tip nh%n nh'ng tn hiu u vo v

bin !i n thnh i lng cn thit cung cp tnhiu ph hp cho khi trung gian.

Lm nhim v tip nh%n nh'ng tn hiu a n t)khi tip

thu v bin !i n thnh i lng cn thit cho rle

tc ng. Ccu chp hnh (hthng tip im)

Lm nhim vpht tn hiu cho mch iu khin.


ContactorContactor


67/127

Cng tc t l mt loi thit b in dng ng ct t) xa, tng hoc b$ng nt n cc mch in lc c phti in p n500V, dng in n 600A.

Cng tc t c hai v tr l ng v ct. Tn sng c th ti1500 ln mt gi.

Cng tc tin t)c cc bph%n chnh nhsau:

+ Hthng tip im chnh.

+ Hthng d%p hquang.

+ Ccu in t).+ Hthng tip im ph.


pp toto mtmt


68/127

p t mt l thit bin dng tng ct mch in bo vqu ti,ngn mch, st p,... hquang c d%p trong khng kh.

Cu to p t mt

- Tip im: c hai cp tip im (tip im chnh v tip im h quang)hoc ba cp tip im (chnh, ph, hquang).

-

cch: b$ng tay v b$ng cin (in t), ng c in)- Mc bo vst p: (cn gi l bo vin p thp) cng thng dng kiu

in t). Cun dy mc song song vi mch in chnh


MyMy ctct hh pp


69/127

My ct hthl thit bdng ng ct mchin (hth)mi ch v%nhnh (ch khng ti, ch nh mc, ch sc).

im khc nhau cbn gi'a my ct khng kh v aptomat:

My ct hth c chtodng cho nh'ng mch c cng sut ln, c thch(nh nh c cc thng s trong phm vi bo v rng. (Thng thngaptomat ch(chton Im


70/127

Cu chl mt thit bbo vmchin s"dng nh$mphng trnh cc hin tng qu ti trnng dy gychy, n!.

Thnh phn khng ththiu trong mt cu ch l mtdy ch mc ni tip vi hai du dy d/n trong mchi n. V tr l t cu ch lsau n uni n t!n vtrc cc bph%n ca mchin , mngin cncbo vnhcc thit b in,...

702/25/2014

Cc thnh phn cn li bao gm: hp gi'cuch, cc chu mc, np cu ch, v.v... c

thay !i ty thuc vo loi cu ch cng nhmcch th#m m


C$uC$u daodao,, c$uc$u daodao cchcch lyly


71/127


CcCc th%ath%a hnhhnh


72/127

Cc th)a hnh c nhim vthc hin cc thao tc tc ngvoi tng.

C thnu ln cc loi th)a hnh sau:

Cun dy iu khin cc rle, cc cng tc t, cc khing t), cc van vi cciu khi nng m(on off) ni

vo ccu ra s(DO) ca PLC.Cc b iu ch(nh:

iu ch(nh tccho cc mt: speed controller

Bth)a hnh to di chuyn xcnh (positioner):


Kh#iKh#i ngng t%t%


73/127

Khi ng t)l mt loi thit bin dng iu khin t)xa vic ng/ct,o chiu v bo vqu ti (nu c mc thm rle nhit) cho ccng cbapha rotor lng sc.

Khing t)khi c mt cng tc tgi l khi ng t)n, thng dngiu khin ng ct ng cin.

Khi ng t) c hai cng tc t gi l khi ng t) kp, dng khing v iu khi n o chiu ng cin.

Mun khi ng t)bo vc ngn mch phi mc thm cu chy.


iuiu ch&nhch&nh tctc chocho cccc mtmt


74/127

Hin nay, l cc Invertor ni vi u ra t4l4 20 mA (4mAng vi tcb$ng 0, 20 mAng vi tc nh mc).

Invertoriu ch(nh tc hin nay c xy dng trn csvi x"l v IGBT.


BB th%ath%a hnhhnh toto didi chuynchuyn xcxc nhnh


75/127

Trong truyn ng in, trong cng nghip nhiu khi c yucu cc thao tc ckh cng sut ln nh: nng hc"a cng,iu khin van bm, thit bnng h. v.v

thc hin vic ny, phi s"dng cc bth)a hnh thchin trn nguyn tc b iu ch(nh mch vng kn v mchvng h.


BB th%ath%a hnhhnh toto didi chuynchuyn xcxc nhnh


76/127

Dng ra 4 20 mA ca vo so snh vi dngin phnhi vdo encoderu ra gn vi trcng cbin!i trvdngin.

Vi mchiu ch(nh ny, gc quay hay sch(ca encoder t4lvi dng (4 20 mA) i vo b iu ch(nh. Dng ny cly t) u ra tng t(AO) ca PLC.


BinBin t$nt$n


77/127

Nguyn l hotng


ThitThit bbtruyntruynngng


78/127

ng cmt chiu

ng cxoay chiu

Mt pha hay ba pha

#ng b

Myiu kh

iu khinin p

iu khin hstrt


Cc biu ch&nh (regulators)


79/127

Cu trc chung

B iu ch(nh vtr, van t4l


CCcucu chpchp hnhhnh thythy lclc


80/127

Hthng truyn ng thy lc c ng rng rng ri trongnhiu lnh vc cng nghip khc nhau, vi nh'ng dy truynthit bcchnh xc cao,iu khin tinh cp b$ng my tnh,

cng sut ln.




81/127

uim:

C khnng truynng vi cng sut ln v p sut cao.

Ccun gin, hotng vitin c%y cao,i h3i bo d,ng chm sc t.

C khnngiu ch(nh v%n tc lm vic tinh cp hoc v cp. Kt cu gn nh5, vtr cc phn t"d/n v bd/n khng lthuc vi nhau.

Gim kch thc, kh i lng chth ng b ng cch nng cao p su t lm vic.

Nhqun tnh nh3ca my bm vng c, khnng chu nn cao ca dum hthng c thlm vic vi tccao m khng cn tnh ton ti yu tva%p nhhthngin v ckh.

Khu ra ca hthng d+dng bin!i t)chuynng quay - tnh tin, tnh tin- quay.

Phng ng)a qu ti nhvan an ton.




82/127

uim:

D+theo di quan st mch thy lc vi sh&trca p k.

Cc phn t" c tiu chu#n ha toiu kin thit kchto.

Nhcim

Hiu sut khng cao do mt mt ng ng, sr r(ca cc phnt".

Khi phti thay!i kh gi'tclm vic!nnh do tnh nn cacht l3ng v n h!i cangng.

Nhitvnht thay!i lmnh hngn chnh xc iukhin

Khi mi khi ng, nhit hthng thay !i d/n ti thay !i nht cht l3ng v ko theo thay!i v%n tc lm vic




83/127




84/127


CCcucu chpchp hnhhnh khkh nnnn


85/127

uim:Docim chun hi tt ca khng kh, v v%y kh nn c

thd+dng cha trong cc bnh chu p.

C thtruyn nng lng (kh nn) xa, bi v t!n tht p suttrnngng nh3vnhtng hc ca kh nn nh3.

Khng cn s"dngngng hi kh nn vngng thikh ra.

Do phn ln trong cc x nghip hthngng ng d/n kh

nn c s6n cho nn chi ph sthpto ra mt hthngtruynng b$ng kh nn.

Hthng phng ng)a p sut gii hncm bo.


CCcucu chpchp hnhhnh khkh nnnn


86/127

Nhcim:Lc truyn ti thp.

Khng th thc hin c nh'ng cc thao tc th7ng hocquay u bi v khnng n hi ca kh nn ln. V khi titrng trong hthng thay i th v%n tc cng thay i

Dng kh nn thot ra ng d/n kh gy ra tingn.Ngy nay trong lnh vc iu khin, ngi ta thng kt hphthng iu khin b$ng kh nn vi in hoc in t", hoc

hthng thy lc. Cho nn rt kh xc nh mt cch chnhxc,r rnguin ca t)ng hthngiu khin.


CCcucu chpchp hnhhnh thythy lclc -- khkh nnnn


87/127

Hthng iu khin thy lc kh nn bao gm cc phn t"iu khin v ccu chp hnh c kt ni vi nhau thnhhthng hon ch(nh thc hin nh'ng nhim vtheo yu

cut ra. Hthngc m tnhhnh.


CCcucu chpchp hnhhnh thythy lclc khkh nnnn


88/127

:

Tn hiuu vo: nt nhn, cng tc, cng tc hnh trnh, cm bin.

Phn x"l thng tin: x"l tn hiu nh%n vo theo mt qui tc logic xcnh,lm thay!i trng thi ca phn t" iu khin: van logic And, Or, Not, Yes,Flip-Flop, Rle,

Phn t" iu khin:iu khin dng nng lng (lu lng, p sut) theoyu cu, thay!i trng thi ca ccu chp hnh: van ch(nh p, van ochiu, van tit lu, ly hp,

Ccu chp hnh: thay!i trng thi cai tngiu khin,i lngu ra ca mchiu khin: xy lanh thy kh,ng cthy kh.

Nng lngiu khin: bao gm phn thng tin v cng sut


CCcucu chpchp hnhhnh thythy lclc khkh nnnn


89/127

B iu khin phn hi vng kn




90/127

4 Thit b iu khin v gim st

PLC (programmable logic controller)

902/25/2014

PAC (Programable automation controller)


Hthng Gim st

Ni dung ca b iu khin t ng ha phn lm cc vic sau:

ThitThit bb iuiu khinkhin


91/127

Ni dung ca b iu khin t ng ha phn lm cc vic sau:

Chn khing nhm hay trnh t.

Khing trnh t.

D)ng trnh t.

.

Chuyn cc bc trong trnh t.m boiu kin v%n hnh!nnh cc thit bcng ngh.

L%p cc vngiu ch(nh.

Thu th%p sliu o v trng thi cc kha iu khin v bov.


C PLC hi t) khi i i " l 8 bit

PLC (programmable logic controller)PLC (programmable logic controller)


92/127

Cc PLCc nghin cu ngay t)khi rai cc vi x"l 8 bitv pht trin rt nhanh.

Trit l ca nh'ng nh sn xut PLC l gii quyt bi ton t

ng ha thay cho cc mch t ng b$ng rle, gim thi gianni dy

V PLC gii quyt cc bi ton logic thp v logic trnh tnn mang tn iu khin logic lp trnh.

Trit l modul ha c s"dng trit , trit l phn b

c mrng.L%p trnhha gn vi s t ng b$ng rle cng

cng dng.


Ph !



93/127

Phn c!ngPhn cng c t!chc thnh modul kch thc gn ging

nhau, c thgdng trn gi.


Cc modul c t chc nh sau:



94/127

Cc modulc t chc nhsau:

Modul ngun PS (power suply)

cp cc in p mt chiu cho cc modul khc n$m trong ccrnh ci modul


Modul CPU (central processing unit) y l modul quan trng



95/127

Modul CPU (central processing unit).y l modul quan trngnht ca PLC. Phi ni r$ng modul CPU l mt my tnh cngnghip chuyn dng. Trong nhiu PLC, CPU xy dng trn

csvi x"l Pentium via chc,a nhim v.nh gi mtCPU l tcx"l, smodul m n qun lc, cc hm vs liu, cc dch v, cc cng cxy dngc.


Cc modul vo ra:



96/127

Cc modul vo ra:y l cc modul giao tip vi cc thit bcp hin trng, gm:

Modul vo tng tAI (analog input): Dng nh%n dngin thng nht ha 4-20mA ca cc transmitter o lng.Mt modul AI thng c 8, 16, 32u vo tng tdngthu th%p sliuo lng.

Modul u vo s DI (digital input): Dng nh%n dngnh'ng trng thi ca cc: thit bcng nghip (stop start),dng ct (on off), vt qu gi trcho php (1, 0). Modulnyn gin ch(l nh'ng kha tng tv thng t!chc8, 16, 32u vo.


Cc modul vo ra:



97/127

Cc modul vo ra:Modul u ra tng t AO (analog output): Dng t

thng scho cc b iu ch(nhngoi.

t thng scho cc Invertor: 4 mA cho tcb$ng 0;20 mA cho tc nh mc.

t thng scho cc van cnh bm: 4 mA chong

van; 20 mA cho mhon ton.Modul u ra s DO (digital output): Dng iu khin

ng ct cc thit bth)a hnh.

Cng tc phcc khing t), cng tc t, v.vCc cun dy van in t), cc rle, trung gian.

Cc cng tc khingng c.972/25/2014 NTH-Bmn kthut o v tin hc cng nghip

Modul giao din IM (interface modul): Dng ly thng tin t)



98/127

Modul giao din IM (interface modul): Dngly thng tin t)cci tng c thng tin sni tip, theo cc chu#n xcnhcp thp (RS 485, modbus, v.v).

Modul ny m bo cho t!chc cc I/O phn b(distributedI/O)m bo tnh phn bcao trong hthng.

Modul truyn thng CP (communication processor):

Modul ny m bo ni PLC vi cc xa lhay vi hthngtheo cc giao thc yu cu.

Ngoi ra cn c cc modul chc nng c bit FM (functionmodule) ty theo t)ng nh chto.


Phn mm



99/127

Phn mm


PLC phi gii quyt nh"ng vn sau:



100/127

PLC phi gii quyt nh"ng vnsau:Xy dng mt ngn ng'l%p trnh kh hon ch(nh,n gin, d+

tip thu, s"dng gn vi quan nim ca c kst ng ha

trong hthng nh3v ln.

Chng trnh theo chu n IEC 61131-3

LD (Ladder Diagram)

FBD (Function Block Diagram)

IL (Intruction List)

ST (Structuted Text) SFC (Sequential Function Chart)


Gii quyt vn thu th%p s liu o lng x" l iu khin



101/127

Gii quyt vnthu th%p sliuo lng x"l iu khin, a vo hthngiu ch(nh trong PLC v ngoi PLC gmcc vnsau:

t thng scho cc cm bino lng (parameterization)thchng vi cc gi tr o vi cc thango khc nhau.

Tnh ton ra gi tr o theon v nh.

X"l khcccuo (calibration).

Chuyn sliu ln cp trnlm cc dch vkhc.

Tnh ton cc php tnh shc.


Gii quyt vn iu khin (t ng ha):



102/127

Gii quyt vn iu khin (t ng ha):Cc tnh ton logic cho vic khing, d)ng linng.

Cc chuyn trng thi ca trnh t(logic dy).

Xcnh cc trng thi bong.

,

thu%t).Chuyn cc trng thi cn thit ln cp trn.


To cc mch vng iu khin:



103/127

To cc mch vngiu khin:So snh,t thng s.

Vngiu khin h.

Vngiu khin kn: PI, PID controller.

,

(Fuzzy controllers)T!chc giao tip:

Hin th.

L%p s flowsheet.Giao tip ngi myn gin.


PLC ca ABB



104/127

PLC c a ABBAC800F

AC800M

AC800A

....


Cu trc hthng AC800F



105/127

gCc AC 800F c cu trc module. CPUc thit knhmt

bng nia nng m cc module khc nhau


Ngu#n cung cp



106/127

g g pSA 811Fin p vo t)115 230 VAC cho PM 803F.


Module Ethernet



107/127

EI 813F: mun AUIkt ni thu pht cho 10 base 5 ,10base 2, 10 base T, 10 base FL hoc n v kt ni cho

PM803F


Cc bus trng (fieldbus) C AC 800F " d d l fi ldb th th% " l



108/127

g ( )Cc AC 800F s"dng module fieldbusthu th%p v x"l

thi gian thc v ch#n on d' liu. Ti a 4 module

fieldbus c th c gn vo AC 800F.Cc module fieldbus c nhim vvcim:

c l%p l&i v pht hin tn hiu l&i

Kt ni ca cc phnon fieldbus v mng con.Chi tit vmodule fieldbus:

+FI 830F: Mun Profibus DP choiu hnh trc tipca cc thit btrng Profibus.

FI 840F: giao thc s6n c Foundation Fieldbus HSE ,TCP/ IP g"i v nh%n, lien tcc mrng.


AC700F



109/127

Khi PM 783F

Bx"l: Motorola Power PC (MPC 8247)Bnhchng trnh: 2 MB SRAMBnhtron : 8MB SDRAM, 4MB FLASH ROM

Smodule vo ra tia: 8

Ngun: PinHthi gian thc: cGiao tip: RS 232, RS 485 (Tc1200 bps n 38400

bps)


AC700F



110/127

C!ng vo ra sDC 732F:

C!ng vo s!: 16 c!ng (hotng24V DC)LED hin th: Thng bo trng thi, thng bo l&i v ngun

Mc logic 0 : in p gi'a -3V v +5V

Mcin p khngnh ngha gi'a +5V v +15V

Mc logic 1: in p n$m gi'a +15V v +30V


AC700F



111/127

Module vo ra tng tAX 722F


PLC S7 ca Siemens S C C C S



112/127

Siemens l nh chto PLC ln nht thgii: C 2 hPLC S5v PLC S7.

HSIMATIC S7 ca Siemens gm:

Ht ng ha trung bnh S7 300Ht ng ha ln S7 400.

Hhon ch(nh C7 v M7.


Ht ng ha trung bnh S7 300:



113/127


Cc$cim ni bt ca Simatic S7 - 300: L b i khi " d hi ht t h t



114/127

L b iu khinc s"dng nhiu nht trong cc htng ha tch hp cng nghipkhp ni trn thgii.

Thit knh3gn, gn trn rnh DIN.

nng cng ngh, kt ni Profibus/Profinet).

Khng cn bo d,ng, cc d'liu lu li trn Card bnhsiu nh3(micro memory card).

Ch 7ng thi trn Profibus.Cc phin bn an ton.


Srai ca PAC Vi ht t i k th %t i t" h th ti

PAC (PAC (ProgramableProgramable automation controller)automation controller)


115/127

Vi spht trin ca kthu%t in t"v cng nghthng tin,hin nay PLC bc lmt snhcim:

Ngn ng' l%p trnh ca PLC u l ngn ng' ring canh'ng nh sn xut PLC, chyu gii quyt bi ton tng ha, v thlm vic khng thlinh hot v c cs

b$ng cc ngn ng'cao cp dng trong cng nghthng tin.

Vtruyn tin: Trong truyn tin, cc PLC t!chc mng ringtruyn tin vi giao thc ring. V th, khi s"dng thit bca mt nh cung cp blthuc vo nh sn xut lc s"ach'a, bo d,ng v pht trin.


PAC ra i c mc ch l s"dng nh'ng u vit ca PLC, ngthi khc phc nh'ng nhc im ca PLC.



116/127

thi khc phc nh'ng nhcim ca PLC.

Mt s cim ca PAC l:

Ngn ng'l%p trnh l ngn ng'chung ca cng nghthng tin.Cc cn cs"dn cn l cn cca cn n hthn tin.

Giao thc truyn tin l giao thc TCP/IP ca Ethernet vInternet.

8ng dng cc kin trc chung ca cng nghthng tingim

gi thnh thit k.Mrng trng giao tip vi i tng b$ng cch ci thin h

thng I/O.


Mt sPAC LinPAC 8000 l b PAC th hai ca ICP DAS N trang b mt



117/127

LinPAC-8000 l bPAC thhai ca ICP DAS. N trang bmtCPU PXA270 520MB chy h iu hnh Linux Kernel bn

2.6.19 vi: Khnng kt ni VGA, USB, Ethernet, RS-232/485;

Cc modul I/O song song tcthc thi cao 1/4/8 khe (ccmodul I-8K)

Cc module I/O loi ni tip (cc module I/O I-87K).


Kin trc mng kt ni PAC ti my tnh v cc thit b



118/127


Chc nng ca PAC



119/127


LinPAC l skt hp ca IPC v PLC



120/127


Mi trng pht trin: LinPAC SDK l phn mm dng choLinPAC-8000 ca ICP DAS



121/127

Ccng dng ca LinPAC:

T ng ha nh my x nghip.

Hthng qun l xy dng.

ng cmy bay,v.v


Cp qun l k thu%t, gim st, thao tc, theo di, qun lthng tin

C'pC'p iuiu khinkhin gimgim stst


122/127

g

Cp ny thng c t bn cnh ban gim c x nghip,

qun trdoanh nghip trong mt phng trung tm iu khin(CCR - central control room).


Nhim v%ca phngiu khin trung tmThao tciu khin sn xut ca thao tc vin.



123/127

Theo di qu trnh sn xut (monitoring), hin th, trao!i, ra lnh,

hnh thnh hthng OMS (operator monitoring system).Qun l thng tin MIS (management information system)

Theo di, hin thsliuo lng hin ti, theo di qu trnh

Bo co kt qusn xut.

Lu gi'thng tin.

Trgip bong. Trgip pht hin l&i v ch#non kthu%t.

Lu gi'sliu cc sc


Nhim v%ca phngiu khin trung tm.Qun l kthu%t.



124/127

Q %

Qun l cc chng trnh, cc cng c

Sdi theo chng trnh.

.

Thay!i cu trc ca h.

Tin hnh bo d,ng, thay thphn t"hh3ng, cho hotng li.


Cc thit btrong phng iu khin trung tm (CCR) g#mcc thit bsau



125/127

Mng LAN: hin nay tt c mng LAN u s" dng chu#n

Ethernet, bus truyn tin thng l cp quang ni thnh vng vdphngi.

My tnh chphc vcho cc nhim vni trn, thng c h

iu hnh Windows NT hay Windows 2000.Cc u cui lm thnh hOMS (operator monitoring system)

v hnh thnh trmiu hnh OWS (operator work station).

Mt hqun l kthu%t c t mt my tnh ring hnhthnh trmiu hnh kthu%t EWS (enginering work station).


Mt smy in, in li cc sliu theo MIS.Mt my Hard Copyghi li cc kt quhin thtrn cc mn



126/127

y py g q hnh ca OWS v EWS.

Mt my in ghi sliu ca cc sc(event recorder).

iu khin ni b, htruyn hnh cng nghip trong nh my.



127/127


Documents

Chuong 2 3 4 Sensor Actuator Control 2