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MCLC5.1.Thtnguynliuvmtsquytrnhgitmgiasc,giacm......................................25.1.1Quytrnhgitmln,cu.......................................................................................25.1.2Quytrnhgitmtru,b........................................................................................35.1.3Quytrnhgitmgiacm........................................................................................45.1.4nhhngcakthutgitmlnchtlngtht................................................45.2.Thnhphnvcutrccatht......................................................................................65.2.1Thnhphncatht.......................................................................................................65.2.2Mc.............................................................................................................................75.2.2.1.Cutrccamc...............................................................................................75.2.2.2.Cutrccasic(tboc).............................................................................85.2.2.3.Cutrccavisic(myofibril)........................................................................95.2.2.4.Cutocaxc(myofilament).......................................................................115.2.2.5.Thnhphnproteinc........................................................................................135.2.3.Mm........................................................................................................................155.2.4.Mlinkt..................................................................................................................175.2.4.1Sicollagen.........................................................................................................175.2.4.2Sielastin............................................................................................................175.3.Binihasinhthtsaugitm..............................................................................175.4.Musccathtvmtsphngphpnnhmusctht.....................................225.4.1Scttht................................................................................................................225.4.2Sbinimusccathtti...........................................................................265.4.3.Nhngyutnhhngnmusccatht.....................................................285.5.Phnloichtlngtht................................................................................................345.5.1.Thtbnhthng,thtPSE,thtDFDvccyutnhhng.............................345.5.2.Mtsphngphpbovmusccathtti................................................355.6.Cutrccathtvnhhngcasnunngncutrc....................................395.6.1Ccyuttrckhigitm..................................................................................395.6.2Ccyutsaukhigitm.....................................................................................405.6.3nhhngcasnunngncutrccatht...............................................405.7Khnngginccatht............................................................................................445.7.1Ncvchtlngtht..........................................................................................445.7.2.Ccyutnhhngnkhnngginccatht.........................................46TILIUTHAMKHO............................................................................................51

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5.1.Thtnguynliuvmtsquytrnhgitmgiasc,giacm5.1.1Quytrnhgitmln,cu

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5.1.2Quytrnhgitmtru,b

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5.1.3Quytrnhgitmgiacm

5.1.4nhhngcakthutgitmlnchtlngthta.KthutgychongBtcphngphpnogychongthtrckhihthtulyutgystresschoconvt.Chnhvldony,cngimthiutiastresstonnbngcchtinhnhthaotcchnhxc,nhanhvhiuqu.Nukhng,thtcbiuhinPSE(Pale,Soft,Exsudativerdch,mmvtimu),ccctnhchcnngcaproteingim,chtlngkthutcathtgimvnhvythtnguynliukhngthchhpchochbin.b.KthutlyhuytViclyhuytcthchinngmchcnhvtnhmchcnh.Vtctphinhtrnhsnhimbnsau.Viclyhuytdnnvicloinguncungcpoxytmu,kchthchsphngiiglycogenthnhaxitlacticlmgimpHcaquytht.Tincaqutrnhphngiinytythucvonhiuyutnhkthutgitm,bnchtquytht,nhitboqunquytht,...Viclyhuytphictinhnhngay,ttnhtltrongphacocngvkhithbttnh.Btcmtschmtrnocngugynhhngnchtlngtht.NuthvngvymnhtrckhichtssinhnhiuaxitlactictchlytrongquythtlmstgimnhanhpHmcsaukhihtht.Nukhnglytitnhanh,thtcghinhn

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cbiuhinxuthuyttrncnhmlnvibiuhinbnhlc.Hintngxuthuytnynhnthynhiutrnthmtsovithkhemnh.

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5.2.Thnhphnvcutrccatht5.2.1ThnhphncathtThtlloithcphmchnhthnhbngcchgiacngthchngccscthtnguynvn,hoclmtbphnscthtcaccloigiasc,giacm(NguynNgcTun&LThanhHin,2004).

Vphngdinsinhlvmhc,ngitachiathtrathnh:mc,mlinktvtonbbinthcan,mmu,mthnkinhvbchhuyt.Tuynhintrongcngnghipthcphmvthngnghip,ngitaphnloikhngchdatrnccchcnngsinhlmcndatrnccgitrsdng,chonnthnhphncathtcchiathnh:-Mc-Mm-Mlinkt-Mxng-sn

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LoimThtbThtheoThtcuMcMmMlinktMxng-snMmu57-623-169-1217-290,8-140-6215-406-88-180,6-0,849-584-187-1118-380,8-1-MmuTlcaccmnitrntrongccloithtkhcnhauctrnhbytrongbng5.1.Bng5.1:Tl(%)caccmtrongccloitht(tnhtheokhilngthtx)

(Ngun:NguynNgcTun&LThanhHin,2004)Mcvmmcxemlcgitrsdngcaonhttrongccloim.Thnhphncathtphthucvoloi,ging,giitnh,tui,iukinchmscvnuidngconvtcngnhnhngthayisaukhigitmxuthintrongmditcdngcaenzyme,visinhvt,thnhphnkhngkh,vccyutkhc(NguynVnMi,2006).

5.2.2Mc

5.2.2.1.CutrccamcTonbhctrongcthngvtcchiathnh2nhmln:cvnvctrn.Trongngnhthcphm,cvncquantmnghincuvchngchimtllnnhttrnthntht,lnguncungcpproteinvacidaminthityuchonhucudinhdngconngi.

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Hnh5.1.CutrccamcQuanstmtbpcctngang(hnh5.1),mimchocbpccbaobcbnngoibimtmnglinkt,gilmngngoibpc(epimysium).Bntrongbpccchiathnhnhiubcbc1,bc2vbc3.Mibccphnchiaringbitvbaobcbimtmnglinktgilmngbaoquanhbsic(perimysium).Trongccbsic,misicctchringlnhaunhlpmlinktmnggilmngtrongc(endomysium).

5.2.2.2.Cutrccasic(tboc)Sicchnhtr,hnhbpmnghochnhthoi,thonhaiuvckchthcln.Mtsiccngknhtrungbnhkhong50mvdikhong50mm.Cnggingnhccloitbokhc,xungquanhsiccbaobcbilpmngsiccngilsarcolemma.Nhngngcliviccloitbokhc,tbocccutrcanhn.Nhncasicnmbngoicasic,thnglnmngaydilpmng

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sic.ChydctheochiudicasiclhthngviqunT(T-tubules)baovngquanhtheochiungangsic.Phncutolnnhtchimkhong80-90%cutrcsiclccvisic(myofibrils).Phnnhcnliltyth(1-5%)vhthngmnglictng(sarcoplasmicreticulum)(hnh5.2).

Hnh5.2CutrccahthnglictngvngviqunT

5.2.2.3.Cutrccavisic(myofibril)Diknhhinviintccvisiccnhnthyphnbitbiccbngti(Aband-Anisotropic)vbngsng(Iband-Isotropic)phnbsutchiudisic(Hnh5.3).nvcutrcnhnhtcutonnsiccgilnvhtc(sarcomere)hocnvcocvn.

MtnvhtccgiihnbihaivchZgnnhauvchngccutothailoisimnhckchthcphntkhcnhaugilxc(myofilament).Hailoixcnylxcdymyosinvxcmngactin.Hailoixcnyspxptheomttrnhtcbitanxennhautheochiudccavisic.

Quansthnh5.3,xcdymyosinnmtrungtmca hat cosarcomerevkhnggnvovchZ,cxcnhlbngtiA.Trongkhi,xcmngactinkoditvchZvcmtphnlngvoccxcdymyosin.BngtiIcxcnhlvngnm

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giavchZvphncuicngcaxcdymyosin.

Trongsutqutrnhvnngvcoccangvt,chiudicabngtiAvnkhngthayitrongkhichiudicabngsngIsbngnli.iunycxemlmtquylutcbndnnlthuytgiithchscoc.

TrongbngtiA,khongcchgiahaiumtca2xactinlintipnhaucgilbngH.BngHlmtphncasarcomeremchcsixcdymyosinvkhngcphngnvoxactin.NmgiabngHvcngltrungtmcasarcomerelngMchnhthnhtcccutrcsiccmnhvcvaitrniccxmyosinvinhautheochiungangcavisic.

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Hnh5.3Cutrccavisic(myofbril)(Ngun:http://www.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy)

5.2.2.4.Cutocaxc(myofilament)

Xmng:Actinlthnhphnchnhcaxcmng.Xmngccutot300phntactinhnhcu(G-actin),gmhaichuipolypeptidxontheokiualpha(Hnh5.4).Trnchuixonkpny2phntTroponinvTropomyosinnhtheomttrnhtnhtnhtothnhphchpTroponinvTropomyosin.Xmngcngknh5-7nmvdikhong1m.

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Hnh5.4.Cutrccaxactin(Ngun:http://www.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy)

XdyMyosinlthnhphnproteinchyucutonnxdy.Myosinlproteinhnhsickhilngphntlnkhong520Kdavcchiudiphntkhong170nm.Mtphntmyosinbaogm2chuipolypeptidsxonalpha,haiumyosinnngixnghnhcuvhaicpmyosinnhnhcbiudintronghnh5.5.Phnuidilmtcunxonalpha.

Hnh5.5Cutrccamtphntmyosin

hpthnhxcdyccphntmyosinspxpthnhbvinhau.Ccuphnhhngvutdocaxdy,cnuthonhngvimgiacaxc,ngthichngspxpthnhtngimtdctheochiudicaxdysaochokhongcchcahaiiktipl14,3nmvlchvotrongkhnggian120(Hnh5.6)(NguynNgcTunvLThThanhHin,2004).

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Hnh5.6.Mtphnxcdymyosin(Ngun:http://www.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy)

Trongmtnvhtc,uphnhcaphntmyosinhunhgnstvixactin.Khicoc,phntmyosinkthpviactintothnhphchpactomyosin(hnh5.7).mixcmyosinckhong300-310uphnhnhngchckhong10-20%uphnhnylinktviactinkhicoc(NguynNgcTunvLThThanhHin,2004)

Hnh5.7:Skthpcaactinvmyosintrongqutrnhcoc

5.2.2.5.ThnhphnproteincNhccpphntrccutrccamcrtphctp.Ngoiactinvmyosinl2proteincbncutonnmcmcncmtslnglnccthnhphnproteinkhcnhtitin,tropomyosin,troponin,M-protein,C-protein,Ccproteinnyngvaitrquantrngtrongcutrccamccngnhkimsothotngcoc.Bng5.2diychobithmlngvvtrcamtsproteincutonnmc

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ProteinHmlng(%)VtrKhilngphnt(kDa)MyosinActinTitinTropomyosinTroponinNebulin-actininM-proteinC-proteinMyomesin-actininH-proteinCcproteinkhc452085532221