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BM Qun tr chin lc i Hc Thng Mi 1

Qun Tr Chin Lc

Chng 9Cu trc t chc thc thi chin lc

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Chng 9 : Cu trc t chc thc thi chin lc

9.1) Khi nim, vai tr ca cu trc t chc trong thc thi CL9.2) Mt s nguyn l c bn ca cu trc t chc chin lc9.3) Cc loi hnh cu trc t chc chin lc ch yu 9.4) Cu trc t chc ca tng lai

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9.1) Khi nim, vai tr ca cu trc t chc trong thc thi chin lc

/n : Cu trc t chc ca DN l tp hp cc chc nng & quanh mang tnh chnh thc xc nh cc nhim v m mi 1 n vca DN phi hon thnh, ng thi c cc phong thc hp tcgia cc n v ny.

mi quan h gia nhim v / quyn hn

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9.1.1) Vai tr ca cu trc t chc trong thc thi chin lc

Mi quan h Cu trc Chin lc (A.Chandler) :v Cu trc t chc ca 1 DN rng buc cch thc cc mc tiu

v cc chnh sch c thit lp.v Cu trc rng buc cch thc v ngun lc c phn chia.

Cu trc i theo chin lc (T thc thc thi chin lc)

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9.1.1) Vai tr ca cu trc t chc trong thc thi chin lc

Hnh 9.2 : Mi quan h Cu trc Chin lc ca A.Chandler

Structure follow Strategy

Chin lc mic thit lp

Cc vn qun tr mi xut hin

Thnh tch ca DN st gim

Thnh tch ca DN c ci thin

Mt cu trc mi c thit lp

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9.1.2) 3 c im c bn ca cu trc t chc DN

v Tnh chuyn mn ha (Specialisation) : cch thc + mc phn cng nhim v gia cc n v.

v Tnh hp tc ha (Coordination) : mt hay nhiu phng thc phi hp hot ng gia cc n v.

v Tnh hp thc ha (Formalisation) : mc chnh xc trong quy nh chc nng, nhim v & mi lin h gia cc n v.

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Hnh 9.3 : Khng gian cu trc t chc

Chuyn mn ho cao

Kt hp cht ch

Hp thc ho caoS1

S2

Chuyn mnho thp

Kt hplng lo

Hp thc hohn ch

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9.1.4) Cc nhn t nh hng n cu trc t chcv Quy m = Khi lng cng vic + thng tin i hi schuyn mn ha + chuNn ha trnh t x l cao hn.v Cng ngh = Tp hp cc quy trnh bin i trong DNv Mi trng : Chc nng ca cu trc t chc l la chn vm ho cc d liu thu thp t mi trng t chuyn i ccd liu ny thnh cc thng tin cn thit cho vic ra quyt nh.

Tim nng ca th trng Tnh phc tp Ri ro

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9.2) Mt s nguyn l c bn ca cu trc t chc

9.2.1) Phn bit & Tch hp gia cu trc t chc v mi trng

9.2.2) Cu trc t chc & Tnh phc tp

9.2.3) Cu trc v vn ha

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9.2.1) Phn bit & Tch hp gia cu trc v mi trngv Lawrence & Lorsch (1973, Environment Structure) : hiu

qukinh doanh ca 1 DN ph thuc vo mi quan h gia sphn bit v tch hp trong cu trc t chc ca DN.

v Phn bit trong cu trc t chc l g ?Mi n v ca cu trc t chc c mi lin h c th vi mt bphn ca mi trng bn ngoi ca t chc.

Phn chia t chc thnh cc n v c th tng ng vi mi trng con xc nh ca cc n v ny.

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9.2.1) Phn bit & Tch hp gia cu trc v mi trngv Tch hp trong cu trc t chc l g ? Phn bit dng cc ro cn t nhin cho qu trnh thng tin lin lcgia cc n v trong t chc. Phn bit trong cu trc t chc cng ln cng kh khn trong phi kt hp hot ng gia ccn v. v Tch hp = S phi hp gia 2 hay nhiu n v ( b phn

bit) cng hon thnh nhim v ca t chc. Tch hp pht hin v gii quyt cc xung t trong t

chc. Quy m v hiu qu ca Tch hp ph thuc vo mc Phn bit v cc c im c th ca mi trng.

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9.2.2) Cu trc v tnh phc tp (Complexity)v J.Galbraith (Designing Complex Organizations, 1972) : mc

phc tp ca cu trc t chc ph thuc ch yu vo s kt hp ca 3 yu t : Tnh ri ro (mi trng) : Tnh a dng : S ph thuc ln nhau :

Chng 9

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9.2.3) Cu trc & Vn hav Mt t chc trc ht l 1 nhm cc c nhn m cc gi tr catng thnh vin trong nhm c t trong 1 tng lp x hi c thrng ln hn nhiu so vi cc gi tr ring ca DN.

v Nghin cu nh hng ca cc tc nhn vn ha quc gia v aphng n cu trc t chc DN.

M hnh Nht Bn M hnh Chu u M hnh M

Chng 9

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9.3) Cc loi hnh cu trc t chc chin lc ch yu9.3.1) Cu trc chc nng (Functional Structure)9.3.2) Cu trc b phn (Divisional Structure) & Cu trc theo n

v kinh doanh chin lc (SBU) 9.3.3) Cu trc ma trn (Matrix Structure)9.3.4) Cu trc ton cu (Global Structure)

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9.3.1) Cu trc chc nngK/n: Cu trc chc nng c hnh thnh trn c s tp hp (phn

tch) cc hot ng ca DN theo chc nng kinh doanh. Hnh 9.4 : Cu trc chc nng

T chc theo chc nng kinh doanh = Tp hp (phntch) theo chiu ngang chui gi tr ca DN thnh cc n v chcnng chuyn mn ha khc nhau trn c s cc k nng c bitca tng n v, c hon chnh bng cc b phn h tr.

Gim c

R&D Mua Sn xut Kinh doanh Hnh chnh

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9.3.1) Cu trc chc nngv u im :

n gin, t tn km Hiu qu, mc chuyn mn ha cao

v Nhc im : Tp trung trnh nhim cho lnh o. Kh nng thch nghi km vi cc thay i ca mi trng. Gim cc c hi ngh nghip

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9.3.2) Cu trc b phn (Divisional Structure) & Cu trc theo n v kinh doanh chin lc (SBU)

Cu trc b phn c t chc theo 4 cch ch yu : Sn phNm / dch v Vng a l Phn loi khch hng Quy trnh thc hin

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9.3.2) Cu trc b phn (Divisional Structure) & Cu trc theo n v kinh doanh chin lc (SBU)

Hnh 9.5 : Cu trc b phn theo sn phNm

Gim c

Sn ph+m A

Sn ph+mB

Sn ph+mC

Sn ph+mD

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9.3.2) Cu trc b phn (Divisional Structure) & Cu trc theo n v kinh doanh chin lc (SBU)

v Cu trc theo SBU : nhm cc b phn tong t vo trongnhng SBU v u thc iu hnh SBU cho 1 manager chnh,ngi s chu trch nhim bo co trc tip ln CEO.v Vic nhm cc b phn c th c thc hin theo 1 s ctnh chung nh : cng cnh tranh trong 1 ngnh, cng s dng 1cng ngh sn xut, cng hng ti 1 phn loi khch hng, ...

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9.3.2) Cu trc b phn (Divisional Structure) & Cu trc theo n v kinh doanh chin lc (SBU)

Hnh 9.6 : Cu trc theo SBU

Gim c

SBUA

SBUB

SBUC

SBUD

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9.3.3) Cu trc matrixHnh 9.7 : Cu trc matrix (Chc nng D n)

Gim c

Nhn sTC - KTMarketingSn xut

Sn xut 1

Sn xut 2

Sn xut 3

Sn xut 4

TC-KT 1

TC-KT 2

TC-KT 3

TC-KT 4

D n A

D n B

D n C

D n D

Marketing 1

Marketing 2

Marketing 3

Marketing 4

Nhn s 1

Nhn s 2

Nhn s 3

Nhn s 4