Cmv gmxn : Bmjv‡gi GK bex · Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 1 Cmv gmxn : Bmjv‡gi GK bex (Pv‡P©i weKwZi GK HwZnvwmK Av‡jL¨)… †gvnv¤§` AvZvDi- inxg Abyev` †nv‡mb gvngy`

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 1

Cmv gmxn : Bmjv‡gi GK bex (Pv‡P©i weK…wZi GK HwZnvwmK Av‡jL¨)

†gvnv¤§` AvZvDi- inxg

Abyev` †nv‡mb gvngy`

m¤úv`bv

cÖ‡dmi Avãyi gvbœvb Avãyj−vn knx` Avãyi ingvb

islamhouse 1428-2007

المكتب التعاوني للدعوة وتوعية الجاليات بالربوةIslamic Propagation Office in Rabwah

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.ليــس آمثله شىء وهو السميع العليم البصير

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 8Abyev`‡Ki K_v

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 11cÖ_g Aa¨vq

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 16 Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v †_‡K PvP© hZ †ewk ~‡i †h‡Z _v‡K, Pv‡P©i †bZviv ZZ †ewk RvMwZK ¯v_© msµvš— wel‡q Rwo‡q co‡Z _v‡K| Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v Ges PvP© KZ©…c‡¶i cÖZ¨vkvi g‡a¨ eëavb A¯úó n‡q Avm‡Z _v‡K I GKwUi g‡a¨ AciwU wg‡k †h‡Z ïi“ K‡i| PvP© ivóª †_‡K hZB wb‡Ri cv_©‡Kï Dci †Rvi w`‡Z _v‡K, ZZB µgk AwaKZi fv‡e iv‡óªi mv‡_ Rwo‡q hvq Ges GKwU kw³ wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z nq| cÖ_gw`‡K PvP© ivRKxq kw³i Aax‡b wQj| wKš‘ hLb Zv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Av‡cvl K‡i †d‡j ZLb cwiw¯’wZ Dj‡U hvq| Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v I GB c_åóZvi g‡a¨ we‡ivwaZv memgqB wQj| PvP© hZB AwaK gvÎvq ¶gZvkvjx n‡q I‡V ZZB wÎZ¡ev‡` A¯xK…wZ ÁvcbKvix‡ì R‡b¨ cwiw¯’wZ wec¾bK n‡q ùvovq| GgbwK G Rb¨ g„Zz `Ê ch©š— †Ìqv ki“ nq| hwÌ jy_vi †ivgvi PvP© cwiZ¨vM K‡ib, Zvi we‡`ªvn wQj ïay †cv‡ci KZ©…‡Z¡i wei“‡×, †ivgvb K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i †gŠwjK ag©g‡Zi wei“‡× bq| Gi dj nj GB †h, wZwb GKwU bZzb PvP© cÖwZôv Ki‡jb Ges Zvi cÖavb n‡jb| L„ó ag©g‡Zi mKj †gŠwjK welqB Zv‡Z M„nxZ I envj iBj| Gi d‡j †ek wKQy msL¨K ms¯‹viK…Z PvP© I †Mvôxi cÖwZôv N‡U, wKš‘ ms¯‹vi c~e©eZx L„óag© c~e©ve¯’vqB i‡q hvq| cjxq Pv‡P©i G `ywU cÖavb kvLv GLb ch©š— wU‡K i‡q‡Q| DËi Avwd«Kv I cwðg Gwkqvi msL¨vMwiô RbMY Avwiqv‡mi wk¶v MÖnY K‡iwQj| c‡i †mLv‡b Bmjv‡gi AvMgb NU‡j Zviv mv‡_ mv‡_ Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i| KviY Zviv GKZ¡ev`x gZev‡ì Ges Cmv Av. Gi cÖK…Z wk¶vi Abymvix wQj| ZvB Zviv Bmjvg‡K mZ¨ ag© wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i †bq| BD‡iv‡c L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ GKZ¡ev‡ì m~ZvwU KL‡bv wQbœ nqwb| Kvh©Z G Av‡›`vjb kw³kvjx n‡q I‡V Ges AZxZ I eZ©gv‡b ¯’vwcZ Pv‡P©i Ae¨vnZ wbg©g wbh©vZb m‡Ë¡I Zvi Aemvb nqwb|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 17 AvR‡Ki w`‡b µgkB †ewk msL¨K †jvK G e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb n‡q D‡V‡Q †h Cmv Av. Gi g~j wk¶vi mv‡_ eZ©gvb L„óvb a‡g©i Ôin‡m¨Õ wek¦vm ’vc‡bi AeKvk †bB ej‡jB P‡j| eis cÖgvwYZ mZ¨ GB †h, BwZnv‡mi Cmv Av. Gi m‡½ Pv‡P©i L„‡ói †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| Pv‡P©i hxï L„óvb‡ì m‡Zï c‡_ †Kvb mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| L„óvb‡ì GB eZ©gvb Dfq msKU G kZ‡Ki PvP© HwZnvwmK‡ì †jLvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| GWjd nvibvK (Adlof Harnac) †h †gŠwjK Amyweavi K_v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb Zv GB †h, ÒPZz_© kZK bvMv` Mm‡cj MÖxK `k©‡bi gy‡Lv‡k Ave„Z nq| GB gy‡Lvk Ly‡j †djv Ges gy‡Lv‡ki bx‡P L„óa‡g©i cÖK…Z m‡Zï mv‡_ Zvi cv_©K¨ cÖKv‡ki `vwqZ¡ wQj HwZnvwmK‡ì|Ó Z‡e nvibvK GB `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Amyweavi K_v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e †h `xN©Kvj a‡i †Ru‡K emv ag©g‡Zi gy‡Lvk D‡b¥vPb a‡g©i iƒc‡KB cv‡ë w`‡Z cviZ : G gy‡Lvk Zvi wbR¯ Rxebx kw³ AR©b K‡iwQj| wÎZ¡ev`, L„‡ói ˆØZ mËv, Aåvš—Zv, Ges G me gZev‡ì mg_©bm~PK cÖ —vevw` wQj HwZnvwmK wm×vš— I cwiw ’wZi m„wó hv m¤ú~Y© wfbœiƒ‡c cwiewZ©Z n‡q wM‡qwQj Zv m‡Ë¡I Av‡Mi ev c‡ii GB m„ó cwiewZ©Z kw³, GB gZev`, cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vi gZB eRvq wQj, G eyw×evw`Zv wQj GK e`f¨vm hv wZwb hLb Bqvû`x‡ì KvQ †_‡K cvwj‡q Av‡mb †m mgq L„óvbiv MÖxK‡ì KvQ †_‡K jvf K‡iwQj| nvibvK Zvi Ab¨ GKwU MÖ‡š’ G welqwU wek` Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| †mLv‡b wZwb ¯xKvi K‡ib : ...4_ Mm‡cj (Gospel) ag© cÖPviK Rb †_‡K D™¢‚Z bq ev D™¢‚Z nIqvi K_v e‡j bv| KviY ag© cÖPviK Rb HwZnvwmK m~Î wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡Z cv‡ib bv.... PZz_© Mm‡c‡ji †jLK m¤ú~Y© ¯vaxbfv‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb, NUbvejxi cwieZ©b NwU‡q‡Qb Ges †m¸‡jv‡K A‡Pbv Av‡jvq Av‡jvwKZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wb‡RB Av‡jvPbv

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 18cwimgvwß NwU‡q‡Qb Ges KvíwbK cwiw ’wZ‡Z gnr wPš—v¸‡jv mwbœ‡ek K‡i‡Qb| nvibvK cybivq weL¨vZ L„óvb HwZnvwmK †WwfW óªm (David Strauss) Gi MÖ‡š’i K_v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| ÷ªm‡K wZwb ïay PZz_© bq, cÖ_g wZbwU Mm‡c‡ji HwZnvwmK mybvg I wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv aŸs‡mi R‡bÏ `vqx K‡i‡Qb| 5 Ab¨ HwZnvwmK †Rvnv‡bm †jngv‡bi (Johannes Lehmann) g‡Z 4wU M„nxZ Mm‡c‡ji †jLKiv wfbœ GK hxïi eY©bv K‡i‡Qb whwb HwZnvwmK ev¯—eZvi Øviv cwiwPZ Cmv Av. bb| Gi cwiYwZ ev djvdj whwb D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb †mB †nBÄ RvnibU (Heinz Zahrnt)- †K DØ„Z K‡i †jngvb e‡jb : HwZnvwmK M‡elYv hw` cÖgvY Ki‡Z cv‡i †h BwZnv‡mi Cmv Av. I cÖPvwiZ hxïi g‡a¨ gxgvsmvi A‡hvM¨ ci¯úi we‡ivwaZv i‡q‡Q Ges hxï‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi gZ mg_©b ¯qs Cmv Av. Gi g‡a¨B †bB, Zvn‡j †mUv ZvwË¡Kfv‡e ïay gvivZ¥K fyjB n‡e bv, eis Gb. G. Rvnj (N.A. Jahl) †hgbwU e‡jb, Zvi A_© ùvov‡e L„óxq ag©- `k©‡bi Aemvb| ZeyI Avgvi wek¦vm, Avgiv ag©ZË¡weìv G †_‡K wb®‹…wZi c_ †ei Ki‡Z cvie, †Kvb mgqB Avgiv hv cvwiwb; Z‡e Avgiv nq GLb wg_¨vPvi KiwQ, bq ZLb Kie| 6 Dc‡iv³ ¶z`ª K‡qKwU D×„wZ †_‡K GKw`‡K AvR‡Ki L„óa‡g©i Dfq msKU †hgb cÖKvwkZ nq Ab¨w`‡K Rvnib&U&- Gi e³eÏ A‡bK †ewk ¸i“Zi wKQyi Avfvm †`q| †mUv GB †h, Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v, Pv‡P©i f~wgKv I Zuvi Abymvix‡ì welq¸‡jv Nwbôfv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq Zuvi wk¶vi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ D‡cw¶Z A_ev wejyß n‡q‡Q| Gi D`vniY wn‡m‡e w_I‡Wvi hvqb Pv‡P©i ga¨Kvi wZ³ we‡iv‡ai D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb †h, †ivgvb K¨v_wjK PvP© MÖxK A‡_©vW· PvP©‡K fvj I g›` D‡Ïk¨ ms‡hvRb I we‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g cweÎ MÖš’ cybwe©b¨v‡mi R‡b¨ Awfhy³ K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K MÖxK‡ì cvjUv Awf‡hvM

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 19i‡q‡Q †h, wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi K¨v_wjKiv wb‡RivB g~j evB‡ej †_‡K `~‡i m‡i †M‡Q| Z‡e Zv‡ì GB we‡f` m‡Ë¡I Zviv Df‡q wg‡j †h me L„óvb wMR©vi Abymvix bq Zv‡ì mZ¨c_ †_‡K wePz¨Z e‡j AwfwnZ Ges Zv‡ì Ck¦i‡ ªvnx e‡j wb›`v K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K Ck¦i‡ ªvnx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ L„óvbiv cvëv Rev‡e K¨v_wjK‡ì m‡Zï RvwjqvwZ Kivi Rb¨ Awfhy³ K‡i| hvqb e‡jb, cÖK…Z NUbv †_‡K Gme Awf‡hv‡Mi mZ¨Zv wK cÖgvwYZ nq bv?7 Cmv Av. ¯qs m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c we¯§„Z| hviv Cmv Av. Gi e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb Ges me©vš—tKi‡Y Zuvi g~j Av`‡k© cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i Rxeb AwZevwnZ Ki‡Z Pvq, Zviv Zv Ki‡Z evavMÖ¯— n‡”Q| KviY Cmv Av. Gi cÖK…Z wk¶v I Av`k© AvR m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Aš—wn©Z n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi cybi“×viI m¤¢e bq| Givmgvm (Erasmus) Gi e³e¨ n‡jv : Hkx welq mg~‡n cÖvPxb‡ì Ávb wQj mvgvb¨B| ag© Av‡M evwn¨K AvPiY bq, Aš—‡ii welq wQj| ag© hLb Aš—‡ii e`‡j wjwLZ iƒ‡c Gj, ZLb Zv cÖvq me©vs‡k hZ gvbyl ZZ ag©g‡Zi iƒc MÖnY Kij| L„‡ói ag©gZ, hv cÖ_‡g †Kvb cÖ‡f` RvbZ bv, Zv `k©‡bi mvnvh¨- wbf©i n‡q coj| Pv‡P©i cZ‡bi GUvB wQj cÖ_g ch©vq| Gfv‡e PvP© eva¨ nj K_vq wK cÖKvk Kiv hv‡e bv Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z| Dfq c¶B mgªv‡Ui mg_©b Av`vq Ki‡Z †KŠkj MÖnY K‡i| Givmgvm e‡jb: G e¨vcv‡i mgªv‡Ui KZ©…‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvM a‡g©i cÖK…Z †Kvb mvnv‡h¨ Av‡mwb...... hLb ag© Aš—‡ii Dcjwä bv n‡q gy‡Li eywj‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q, ZLb cweÎ evB‡e‡ji cÖK…Z wk¶v wejyß n‡q‡Q| ZviciI Avgiv gvbyl‡K Zviv hv wek¦vm K‡i bv Zv wek¦vm Kivi Rb¨, Zviv hv fvj ev‡m bv Zv Zv‡K fvj evmvi Rb¨, Zviv hv Rv‡b bv Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì eva¨ KiwQ| hv‡Z ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Zv Avš—wiK n‡Z cv‡i bv| 8

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 21wØZxq Aa¨vq

Cmv Av. Gi HwZnvwmK weeiY hxï cÖK…Zc‡¶ †K ev Kx wQ‡jb Zv Avwe®‹v‡ii R‡b¨ gvbyl hZ †ewk †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡K ZZB Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Áv‡bi ¯íZv cÖKU n‡q †`Lv †`q| Zuvi wk¶v Kg©Kv‡Êi wjwLZ weeiY _vK‡jI wZwb Avm‡j Kxfv‡e Rxeb AwZevwnZ Ki‡Zb Ges Ab¨ †jvK‡ì mv‡_ wZwb cÖwZw`b Kxfv‡e KvRKg© Ki‡Zb, †m e¨vcv‡i Lye KgB Rvbv hvq| hxï Ges Zuvi Kg©KvÊ m¤ú‡K© eû †jvK wewfbœ gZ w`‡q‡Q, wKš‘ †m¸‡jv weK…Z| G m‡ei g‡a¨ wKQy mZ¨Zv hwÌ Av‡Q, wKš‘ GK_v mZ¨ †h wewfbœ mg‡q wjwLZ 4wU M„nxZ Mm‡cj (evB‡e‡ji bZzb wbqg) cwiewZ©Z I †mÝiK…ZB ïay nqwb, †m¸‡jv cÖZ¨¶`k©xi weeiYI bq| cÖ_g Mm‡c‡ji iPwqZv gvK© (Mark)| GwU wjwLZ nq 60-75 m‡b| wZwb wQ‡jb †m›U evb©vev‡mi (St. Barnabas)- Gi †ev‡bi cyÎ| gw_ (Mathew) wQ‡jb GKRb U¨v· Kv‡j±i (Ki Av`vqKvix) Z_v wbæc` ’ Kg©KZ©v| wZwb hxïi mv‡_ ågY K‡ibwb| j~‡Ki (Luke) Mm‡cj A‡bK c‡i wjwLZ| ZvQvov gw_ I gv‡K©i gZ Zvi Mm‡c‡ji eY©bvi Drm GKB| jyK wQ‡jb c‡ji (†cŠj-Paul) wPwKrmK Ges c‡ji gZ wZwbI KL‡bv hxï‡K †`‡Lbwb| R‡bi (BD‡nvbœv) Mm‡c‡ji Drm wfbœ Ges Av‡iv c‡i 1kÕ m‡bi w`‡K iwPZ| Zv‡K hxïi wkl¨ Rb (John) g‡b Kiv fyj n‡e, KviY wZwb wfbœ e¨w³| GB Mm‡cj‡K hxïi Rxe‡bi wbf©i‡hvM¨ weeiY e‡j MY¨ Kiv DwPZ n‡e wKbv Ges Zv cweÎ MÖ‡š’i Aš—f©y³ n‡e wKbv Zv wb‡q yÕk eQi a‡i DËß weZK© P‡jwQj|

weL¨vZ Ôgi“ mvMi cuyw_iÕ (Dead Sea Scrolls) Avwe®‹vi hxï †h ’v‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb †mLvbKvi mgv‡Ri cÖK…Z I êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© bZzb Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i| evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡j

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 22Ab¨vb¨ Mm‡cj¸‡jvi †P‡q hxïi Rxe‡bi A‡bK †ewk w`K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Ges hxï cÖK…Zc‡¶ wK wQ‡jb, KziAvb I nvw`m †m welqwU Av‡iv e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g my úó K‡i‡Q| Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, hxï Av¶wiK A‡_© ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ wQ‡jb bv| Zuvi c~e©eZ©x bex Beivwng Av. I bex gymv Av. Ges cieZ©x bex gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj −vg Gi gZ wZwbI wQ‡jb GKRb bex| mKj gvby‡li gZ wZwbI Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡Zb Ges nvU- evRv‡i †h‡Zb| Avgiv †`wL, Awbevh©fv‡e wZwb †mB me †jvK‡ì mv‡_ wb‡R‡K msMÖvgiZ †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jb hv‡ì ^v_© wQj Zuvi wk¶vi we‡ivax| wZwb †h cÖZ¨v‡`k jvf K‡ib †mUv Zviv †g‡b †bqwb A_ev mZ¨ Rvbv m‡Ë¡I Zv D‡c¶v K‡i gvby‡li †Pv‡L ¶gZv jvf, ab m¤ú` AR©b I L¨vwZ cÖwZcwËi R‡b¨ Zv eënvi K‡i‡Q| Av‡iv †`Lv hvq, hxïi Bn‡jŠwKK Rxeb Bqvû`x BwZnv‡mi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| ZvB Zuvi Kvwnwb Rvb‡Z †M‡j †m BwZnv‡mi cÖwZ „wó †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb| hxï Zuvi mgMÖ Rxe‡b wQ‡jb GKRb †Muvov

Bqvû`x ag©vPiYKvix| wZwb eû eQi a‡i cwieZ©‡bi wkKvi gymv Av. Gi g~j wk¶v cybe© ³ I cybi“¾xe‡bi Rb¨ G‡mwQ‡jb| cwi‡k‡l Avgiv †`wL, whwb µzkwe× n‡qwQ‡jb wZwb hxï bb, ZuviB gZ †`L‡Z Ab¨ GK e¨w³| GK †ivgvb Kg©KZ©v †j›Uvjvm (Lentutus) hxïi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e : Kvb ch©š— ev`vwg i‡Oi Pzj wQj Zuvi, †m¸‡jv wQj †KuvKov‡bv Ges †m Pz‡ji evnvwi¸”Q †b‡g wM‡qwQj Kuv‡ai Dci, bvRv‡ibxq‡ì gZ gv_vi ga¨fv‡M wQj wmuw_ KvUv| Zvi åƒ wQj gm„Y I ¯úó, †Kvb `vM I ewj‡iLv k~b¨ jvj‡P gyLgÊj| bvK I gyL wQj wbLuyZ| Zuvi wQj my „k¨ `vwo hvi is wQj gv_vi Pz‡ji i‡Oi gZB Ges Zv ga¨fv‡M wef³ wQj| Zuvi yÕwU †PvL wQj bxj a~mi, Zv‡Z AmvaviYfv‡e me Abyf~wZi cÖKvk NUZ| Zuvi D”PZv

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 23wQj gvSvwi, mv‡o 15 gy‡Vv (Fists) `xN©| KwVb Ae¯’vqI wZwb Drdzj− _vK‡Zb| †Kvb †Kvb mgq wZwb Kuv`‡Zb, Z‡e †KD Zuv‡K †Kvbw`b nvm‡Z †`‡Lwb| nvw`m kix‡d Zuvi eY©bv i‡q‡Q mvgvb¨ c„_Kfv‡e : Zuvi Mv‡qi is wQj mv`v †Nulv jvj‡P| wZwb KL‡bv gv_vq †Zj †`bwb| wZwb nuvU‡Zb Lvwj cv‡q| w`‡bi Lvevi Qvov Zuvi m¤^j wQj bv| Zuvi †Kvb Ni wQj bv| wQj bv †Kvb AjsKvi, †Kvb wRwbmcÎ, †cvkvK mvgMÖx, †Kvb m¤ú`| Zuvi gv_v _vKZ Aweb¨¯—, Zuvi gyLgÊj wQj †QvU| GB c„w_ex‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb GK ì‡ek, cieZ©x Rxe‡bi R‡b¨ A‡c¶v gvb Ges Avj −vni Bev`‡Z gk¸j| hxïi R‡b¥i mwVK ZvwiL Rvbv hvqwb| j~‡Ki g‡Z 6 L„óv‡ã †h Av`g ïgvwi nq, Zvi KvQvKvwQ mg‡q hxï Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| G K_vI ejv n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb †n‡iv‡ì (Herode) Avg‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †n‡iv‡ì g„Zz nq 4 L„óc~e©v‡ã| wfb‡m›U †UBj‡ii (Vincent Taylor) wm×vš— hxïi Rb¥ 8 L„óc~e©v‡ãi w`‡K n‡Z cv‡i|1 Zuvi g‡Z, †h‡nZz hxïi cÖK…Z ev Avmbœ Rb¥jv‡fi msev‡ì †cÖw¶‡Z †n‡iv` †e_‡j‡n‡gi mKj beRvZ wkï‡ì nZ¨vi digvb Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb, †m‡nZz hxïi Rb¥ Aek¨B †n‡iv‡ì g„Zz i c~‡e©B N‡UwQj| GgbwK Avgiv hw` j~‡Ki Mm‡cj †`wL, Zvn‡j †`Lv hvq, GB GKB Mm‡c‡ji yÕwU cO&w³i weei‡Yi ga¨Kvi eëavb `k eQi| AwaKvsk fvl¨KviB wØZxq cO&w³‡Z wek¦vm K‡ib| G‡Z ejv i‡q‡Q, hxï 4 L„óc~e©v‡ã A_©vr ÔL„‡ói R‡b¥i Pvi eQi c~‡e©Õ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| gvZv †gixi A‡jŠwKK Mf© aviY I hxïi Rb¥MÖnY e¨vcK Av‡jvPbvi welqe ‘ n‡q‡Q| wKQy †jv‡Ki wek¦vm †h wZwb †Rv‡m‡di i³ gvs‡mi mš—vb Qvov Ab¨ wKQy bb| c¶vš—‡i A‡jŠwKK aviYvq wek¦vmx‡ì g‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb Ck¦‡ii cyÎ| Z‡e

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 24GB ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ K_vwU Av¶wiKfv‡e bv AvjsKvwiKfv‡e MÖnY Kiv n‡e †m e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| j~K e‡jb: ~Z Mvweª‡qj Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K GKRb Kzgvixi Kv‡Q †cÖwiZ n‡qwQ‡jb........ †mB Kzgvixi bvg wQj †gix| Ges ~Z Zuvi Kv‡Q AvMgb Ki‡jb Ges m‡¤^vab Ki‡jb: Ô†n Ck¦‡ii wecyj AbyMÖn cÖvß igYx|Õ wZwb hLb Zuv‡K †`L‡jb, Zuvi K_vq weeªZ n‡jb Ges G m‡¤vabwUi Zvrch© Dcjwäi †Póv Ki‡jb| ~Z Zuv‡K ej‡jb : Ô†n †gix! Avcwb fxZ n‡eb bv, KviY Avcwb Ck¦‡ii AbyMÖn jvf K‡i‡Qb| Avcbvi Mf© mÂvi n‡e Ges GK cyÎ Rb¥ †b‡e, Zvi bvgKiY Ki‡eb hxï....|Ó ZLb †gix ~Z‡K ej‡jb: ÔGUv wK K‡i m¤¢e? Avwg †Kvb cyi“l‡K wPwb bv|Ó .... ~Z Reve w`‡jb : Ò Ck¦‡ii B”Qvq †Kvb wKQyB Am¤¢e bqÓ... †gix ej‡jb, ÒAvwg Ck¦‡ii †mweKv, Avgvi e¨vcv‡i Ck¦‡ii B”QvB c~Y© †nvK|Ó Gici ~Z cÖ ’vb Ki‡jb|

(j~K: 1 : 26-39) GKB NUbv KziAvb gwR‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e : : ¯§iY Ki, hLb wdwikZvMY e‡jwQj Ò†n gvi&qvg! Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K g‡bvbxZ I cweÎ K‡i‡Qb Ges we‡k¦i bvixi g‡a¨ †Zvgv‡K g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb.... †n gvi&qvg! wbðqB Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K Zuvi c¶ n‡Z GKwU Kvwjgvi mymsev` w`‡”Qb (cyÎ mš—v‡bi), Zvi bvg gmxn, gvi&qvg Zbq Cmv.... †m ejj : †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K †Kvb cyi“l ¯úk© K‡iwb, Avgvi mš—vb n‡e Kxfv‡e? wZwb ej‡jb: G fv‡eB| Avj−vn hv B”Qv m„wó K‡ib| wZwb hLb wKQy w ’i K‡ib ZLb e‡jb : ÔnIÕ Ges Zv n‡q hvq|

(Avj-KziAvbt 3t 42-47) 4wU Mm‡c‡ji g‡a¨ gvK© I Rb (†hvnb-BD‡nvbœv) hxïi Rb¥ m¤ú‡K© bxie Ges gw_ `vqmviv fv‡e Zv D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Gici j~K hxïi esk e„Ëvš— D‡j−L K‡i Avevi ¯we‡ivwaZvi cwiPq

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 25w`‡q‡Qb, c¶vš—‡i gvK© I Rb †Kvb esk e„Ëvš— †`bwb| gw_ I j~‡Ki g‡a¨ gw_ Av`g I hxïi gaëZ©x 26 R‡bi bvg D‡j −L K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K j~‡Ki ZvwjKvq Av‡Q 42 R‡bi bvg| Gfv‡e yÕR‡bi eY©bvq 16 R‡bi AmvgÄm¨ cwijw¶Z nq| hw` †Kvb

e¨w³i Mo eqm 40 eQiI †g‡b †bqv hvq, ZviciI hxïi Kw_Z c~e©cyi“l‡ì yÕwU ZvwjKvi g‡a¨ eëavb uvovq 6kZ 40 eQi| wKš‘ hxïi A‡jŠwKK R‡b¥i e¨vcv‡i KziAv‡b ci¯úi we‡ivax †Kvb eY©bv †bB| hxïi ÔCk¦i‡Z¡iÕi (Divinity) welqwU KziAvb „pfv‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q| hxïi Rb¥ MÖn‡Yi ciciB hv N‡UwQj

KziAv‡b †m eY©bv cvV Ki‡jB Zv my úó n‡e: : Gici †m mš—vb‡K wb‡q Zvi m¤úÖ v‡qi Kv‡Q Dcw ’Z nj| Zviv ejj : Ô†n gvi&qvg! Zzwg †Zv GK A™¢yZ KvÊ K‡i e‡mQ! †n nvi“‡Yi †evb, †Zvgvi wcZv Amr e¨w³ wQj bv, Ges †Zvgvi gvZvI wQj bv e¨wfPvwiYx|Ó Gici gvi&qvg mš—v‡bi w`‡K Bw½Z Kij| Zviv ejj, Ô†h Kv‡ji wkï, Zvi mv‡_ Avgvi †Kgb K‡i K_v ejj?Ó †m ejj. ÒAvwg †Zv Avj−vni ev›`v| wZwb Avgv‡K wKZve w`‡q‡Qb I bex K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡bB Avwg _vwK bv †Kb wZwb Avgv‡K eiKZgq K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Avgv‡K wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Qb RxeÏkv ch©š— bvgvR I hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z, Avi Avgv‡K Avgvi gvZvi cÖwZ AbyMZ K‡i‡Qb, wZwb Avgv‡K K‡ibwb D×Z I nZfvM¨| Avgvi cÖwZ kvwš— †hw`b Avwg Rb¥jvf K‡iwQ, †hw`b Avgvi g„Zz n‡e Ges †hw`b RxweZve ’vq Avwg cybi“wÌZ ne|Ó GB-B Cmv gvi&qvg Zbq| Avwg ejjvg mZ¨ K_v, †h wel‡q Zviv weZK© K‡i| mš—vb MÖnY Kiv Avj−vni KvR bq| wZwb cweÎ gwngvgq| wZwb hLb wKQy w ’i K‡ib, ZLb e‡jb ÔnIÕ Avi Zv n‡q hvq| (Avj-KziAvb : 19t 27-)

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 26 Av`g Av.) Gi Rb¥ me‡P‡q eo A‡jŠwKK NUbv †h‡nZz wcZv ev gvZv QvovB wZwb Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| nvIqvi Rb¥I hxïi R‡b¥i †P‡q A‡bK eo A‡jŠwKK NUbv, †h‡nZz wZwb †Kvb gv QvovB R‡b¥ wQ‡jb| KziAvb gRx‡` ewY©Z Av‡Q: Avj−vni Kv‡Q Cmvi „óvš— Av`‡gi „óvš— m „k| wZwb Zv‡K m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb gvwU †_‡K, Zvici wZwb Zv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb : ÔnIÕ Ges †m n‡q †Mj|

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 27 G ywU Ask QvovI Bqvû`x‡ì g‡a¨ Z…Zxq Av‡iKwU `j wQj hv‡ì mv‡_ c~‡e©v³ yÕwU `‡ji e¨vcv‡i cv_©K¨ wQj| Zviv AvkÖq wb‡qwQj R½‡j Ges ZvIivZ Abyhvqx Zviv ag© cvjb KiZ| hLbB my‡hvM AvmZ ZLwb Zviv nvbv`vi‡ì wei“‡× jovB KiZ| G mgq †ivgvbiv Zv‡ì ¸ß NuvwU¸‡jv Luy‡R †ei Kivi R‡b¨ eûevi †Póv PvwjI e¨_© nq| GB †`k †cÖwgK Bqvû`x‡ì msL¨v µgkB evo‡Z _v‡K| †Rv‡mdv‡mi KvQ †_‡K Zv‡ì K_v cÖ_g Rvbv hvq| wZwb Bqvû`x‡ì G 3wU `j‡K h_vµ‡g dvixmx (Pharisees), mvÏyKx (Sadducces) I G‡mwb (Essenes) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| G‡mwb‡ì Aw —Z¡ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv †M‡jI wek` wKQy Rvbv hvq bv| 4wU Mm‡c‡ji †KvbwU‡ZB Zv‡ì bvg GKeviI Dwj−wLZ nqwb| Gi ci bvUKxq AvKw¯§KZvi g‡a¨ gi“ mvM‡ii Kv‡Q R ©v‡bi cvnvo¸‡jv‡Z gi“ mvMi cuyw_ (Dead Sea Scrolls) bv‡g cwiwPZ `wjj- cÎ Avwe®‹…Z nq| G Avwe®‹vi we‡k¦i eyw×Rxex I hvRK gn‡j So †Zv‡j| G cÖm‡½ G `wjj- cÎ Kxfv‡e Avwe®‹…Z nj †m Kvwnwbi wKQyUv D‡j−L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| 1947 mvj| Kzgiv‡bi Kv‡Q cÖvš—‡i GK Avie evjK †gN Pivw”Qj| GK mgq †m j¶ Kij, cv‡j GKwU †gl †bB| Kv‡QB cvnvo| †glwU nq‡Zv †mw`‡KB †M‡Q †f‡e evjKwU cvnv‡o wM‡q †gl LuyR‡Z ïi“ Kij| GK mgq Zvi bR‡i coj GKwU ¸nv| †m fvej, †glwU †eva nq Gi g‡a¨B Xy‡K c‡o‡Q| evjKwU ¸nvi wfZ‡i GKwU cv_i wb‡¶c Kij| cv_‡i cv_‡i msN‡l©i kã †kvbvi Avkv KiwQj †m| wKš‘ Zvi cwie‡Z© g‡b nj, cv_‡ii UzK‡ivwU †Kvb gvwUi cvÎ RvZxq †Kvb e ‘i Mv‡q AvNvZ K‡i‡Q| gyn‚‡Z©B Zvi g‡b iwOb ^cœ Wvbv †g‡j| †m fvej, wbðq †Kvb ¸ßab Av‡Q G ¸nvq| ciw`b mKv‡j †m Avevi ¸nvq wd‡i

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kw³ Zzwg Kxfv‡e †c‡qwQ‡j? Dcw ’Z †jvKRb Cmv Av. Gi GK_v ï‡b AÜ e¨w³‡K gviai Ki‡Z ïi“ Kivi †m D‡V uvovj| †m D‡V ùvov‡ZB †Luvov e¨w³ M„n ^vgxi ab- fvÊv‡ii Rvbvjvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †Mj| ZLb Cmv Av. M„n ^vgxi D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡jb : Gfv‡eB Zviv MZKvj Avcbvi m¤ú` Pzwi K‡i‡Q| AÜ †jvKwU †Luvovi „wókw³ Ges †Luvov yÕRbB GK‡hv‡M e‡j DVj : nu v, Bwb mZ¨ K_vB e‡j‡Qb| Zvici Zviv Pzwi Kiv A_© MÖvgcÖavb‡K wdwi‡q w`j| wZwb †m¸‡jv wb‡Ri abfvÊv‡i ivL‡jb| ej‡jb : †n gvi&qvg, Zzwg Gi A‡a©KUv MÖnY Ki| wZwb Rev‡e ej‡jb : A‡_©i cÖwZ Avgvi †Kvb AvMÖn †bB| MÖvg cÖavb ej‡jb : wVK Av‡Q, G A_© Zvn‡j †Zvgvi cyÎ‡K `vI| gvi&qvg ej‡jb : Zvi gh©v`v Avgvi †P‡qI AwaK|..... G mgq Cmvi Av. eqm wQj 12 eQi| wØZxq wb`k©b : myÏx e‡jb : Cmv Av. hLb we`¨vj‡q †jLvcov Ki‡Zb ZLb wZwb Zuvi mncvVx †Q‡j‡ì Kv‡Q Zv‡ì wcZv- gvZviv wK Ki‡Qb, Zv e‡j w`‡Zb| wZwb GK GKw`b GK GKwU †Q‡j‡K ej‡Zb : evwo hvI, †Zvgiv evwoi †jv‡Kiv AgyK AgyK wRwbm Avnvi Ki‡Q Ges

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 35†Zvgvi Rb¨ AgyK AgyK wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Q Ges Zviv AgyK AgyK Lvevi Lv‡”Q| GK_v ï‡b †Q‡jwU evwo P‡j †hZ Ges Zuvi Kv‡Q hv hv ï‡b‡Q †m¸‡jv Zv‡K bv †`qv ch©š— KvbœvKvwU KiZ| evwoi †jv‡Kiv Zv‡K wR‡Ám KiZ †K †Zvgv‡K G¸‡jv e‡j‡Q? †m ejZ Cmv| K‡qKwU NUbv NUvi ci evwoi †jv‡Kiv †Q‡j¸‡jv‡K GKwU evwo‡Z AvUK ivLj| Cmv Av. Zv‡ì LuyR‡Z LuyR‡Z †mLv‡b †M‡jb| †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q †Q‡j‡ì K_v Rvb‡Z PvB‡j Zviv ejj, Zviv †mLv‡b †bB| wZwb wRÁvmv Ki‡jb : Zvn‡j G evwo‡Z wK Av‡Q? Zviv ejj : ïKi| wZwb ej‡jb : Zviv k~K‡i cwiYZ †nvK| Zvici †jv‡Kiv ìRv Ly‡j ïay k~KiB †`L‡Z †cj| BmivB‡ji wkïiv Cmvi Av. R‡b¨ wecv‡K c‡owQj| Zuvi gv G Kvi‡Y Zuvi R‡b¨ DwØMœ n‡q DV‡jb| wZwb Zuv‡K GKwU Mvavi wc‡V Zz‡j wg‡mii D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv Ki‡jb......| AvZv e‡jb: gvi&qvg Cmv Av. †K we`¨vjq †_‡K wb‡q G‡m wewfbœ iKg KvR †kLv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| me©‡kl wZwb Zv‡K e ¿ iÄbKvix‡ì Kv‡Q w`‡jb| wZwb Zv‡K e ¿ iÄbKvix‡ì cÖav‡bi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡jb hv‡Z wZwb Zvi KvQ †_‡K KvR wkL‡Z cv‡ib| wKQy w`b †K‡U †Mj| †m †jvKwUi Kv‡Q wewfbœ ai‡bi e ¿ wQj| wZwb G¸‡jv wb‡q md‡ii hvw”Q‡jb| wZwb Cmv Av. †K ej‡jb: Zzwg GLb eëmv wk‡LQ| Avwg 10 w`‡bi Rb¨ md‡i hvw”Q| GB e ‘ ‡jv wewfbœ i‡Oi| G¸‡jv †Kvb i‡O is Kiv n‡e Avwg Zv wPwýZ K‡i †i‡LwQ| Avwg PvB †h, Avgvi wd‡i Avmvi Av‡MB G KvR¸‡jv Zzwg m¤úbœ K‡i ivL‡e| Zvici wZwb P‡j †M‡jb| Cmv Av. GKwU is Kivi cv‡Î GKwU is ˆZwi Ki‡jb Ges mKj Kvco Zvi g‡a¨ Wywe‡q w`‡q Avj −vni Kv‡Q yÔAv Ki‡jb| wbw ©ó w`‡b e ¿ iÄbKvix wd‡i G‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb, Cmv Av. GKwU i‡Oi

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 36cv‡Î mKj e ¿ †i‡L‡Qb| wZwb wPrKvi K‡i ej‡jb : nvq nvq! G Zzwg wK K‡iQ? wZwb Reve w`‡jb : Avwg KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡iwQ| e ¿ iÄbKvix ej‡jb : †m¸‡jv †Kv_vq? wZwb ej‡jb : i‡Oi cv‡ÎB me i‡q‡Q| e ¿ iÄbKvix ej‡jb, me¸‡jv? wZwb ej‡jb : nu v| e ¿ iÄbKvix ej‡jb : mKj Kvco Zzwg GKwU cv‡Î Kxfv‡e ivL‡j? Zzwg me¸‡jv KvcoB bó K‡i w`‡qQ| wZwb ej‡jb : I¸‡jv Zzjyb Ges †`Lyb| wZwb Kvco¸‡jv Zzj‡jb| Cmv Av. GKwU njy , GKwU meyR GKwU jvj Gfv‡e G‡Ki ci GK wewfbœ i‡Oi Kvco Zvi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z _vK‡jb| †`Lv †Mj, e¯¿ iÄbKvix †hgbwU †P‡q‡Qb †m¸‡jv †ZgbwUB n‡q‡Q| Gevi e ¿ iÄbKvixi wew¯§Z nevi cvjv| wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb, hv N‡U‡Q Zv meB Avj−vni B”Qvq| wZwb KZ bv †MŠiegq| ZLb e ¿ iÄbKvix †jvKRb‡K †W‡K ej‡Z _vK‡jb : †Zvgiv †`‡L hvI Cmv Av. wK K‡i‡Qb| Gici wZwb Ges Zvi mnPiiv Zuv‡K wek¦vm K‡i Avj−vni Dci Cgvb Avb‡jb Ges Zuvi Abymvix‡Z cwiYZ n‡jb| hxïi wkïKv‡j GKwU ¸Äb Qwo‡q c‡o †h Rb (John) G‡mbx m¤úÖ`v‡qi KvQ †_‡K P‡j G‡m‡Qb Ges wbR©‡b evm Ki‡Qb| Zvi ci‡b i‡q‡Q ïay gvÎ D‡Ui‡jv‡gi ˆZwi GKwU e ¿ Ges †Kvg‡i i‡q‡Q Pvgovi eÜbx| wZwb ïay dj-g~j Ges eb¨ gay Avnvi K‡ib: (wgw_ 3t4)| wZwb mivmwi †jvKR‡bi g‡a¨ ag©cÖPvi K‡ib| wZwb `xN©Kvj wk¶v bwewki Rb¨ †Rvi K‡ib bv hv wKbv G‡mbx åvZ…ms‡Ni m`m¨c` jv‡fi R‡b¨ AZ¨vek¨K| wZwb RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Av‡jvob Zz‡j‡Qb| wZwb wh‡nvfvi w`‡K wd‡i Avmvi Rb¨ mK‡ji cÖwZ WvK w`‡q‡Qb Ges mKj‡K Avk¦vm w`‡q‡Qb †h wkMwMiB Ck¦‡ii ivRZ¡ cÖwZwôZ n‡e| G wel‡qi mv‡_ mswk−ó wnmv‡e †Rv‡mdvm KZ©…K wjwLZ Ab¨ GK mbœ vmxi BwZnvm cvVI AvMÖ‡nvÏxcK| †Rv‡mdvm wQ‡jb H

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 43myZivs mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Zuvi cÖ ‘wZ †bqv cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡owQj| Gi Av‡Mi cÖ‡Póvi cwimgvwß N‡UwQj wech©‡qi g‡a¨ w`‡q Ges m¤úÖwZ †hvn‡bi g„Zz i ¯§„wZ Zuvi g‡b RvMiƒK wQj| ~i „wó I weP¶YZvi mv‡_ wZwb Bqvû`x‡ì msMwVZ Kivi KvR ïi“ Ki‡jb| wZwb KvD‡K `x¶v w`‡jb bv| GUv AKvi‡Y †ivgvb‡ì e¨vcK „wó AvKl©Y KiZ Ges Zv wec¾bK Ae ’vi m„wó Ki‡Z cviZ| Ab¨w`‡K wZwb Ôwelv³ mvcÕ¸‡jvi cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vj‡b AbycÖ‡e‡kI evav w`‡jb bv| wZwb BmivB‡ji 12wU †Mv‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix wn‡m‡e cÖPwjZ cÖ_vq 12 Rb wkl¨ ev Abymvix wb‡qvM Ki‡jb| Zviv Avevi Zv‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ KvR Kivi R‡b¨ 70 Rb †`k‡cÖwgK‡K wb‡qvM Kij| Bqvû`x‡ì AvPviwbô ag©xq m¤úÖ vq dvixmxiv MÖv‡gi k³ mg_© Bqvû`x‡ì (Avg Avj Av‡iR- Am-Al Arez) mv‡_ kxZj m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z hxï Zv‡ì wb‡Ri Aax‡b wb‡q G‡jb| GB K…lK‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB G‡mbx m¤úÖ vqf~³ wQj| Zviv hxïi Cl©Yxq mg_©‡K cwiYZ nq| Zuvi R‡b¨ Zviv Rxeb w`‡Z cÖ¯‘Z wQj| Zviv cwiwPZ wQj ag©‡hv×v (Zealots) bv‡g| evB‡e‡ji g‡Z, 12 Rb wk‡lï g‡a¨ Aš—Z 6Rb wQj ag©‡hv×v| hxï gymv Av. Gi wk¶v cÖZ¨vL¨vb bq, cybtcÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui Av‡e`b Zz‡j ai‡jb : Ò †h AvB‡bi cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj Ges Pzw³ †g‡b P‡j, Avgvi c‡iB Zvi ’vbÓ (g¨vKvwem 2t27-31)| eû †jvK Zuvi Abymvix n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wKš‘ Zv‡ì †Mvcb ’v‡b ivLv nZ Ges wbR©b GjvKvq Zv‡ì cÖwk¶Y ïi“ nq| Zv‡ì ejv nZ Ôevi BIwbgÕ (Bar Yonim) A_©vr ÔwbR©b ’v‡bi mš—vbÕ| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv QyiKvi eënvi wk¶v K‡iwQj Zviv ÔmvBKvwiÕ (Sicarii) ev ÔPzwiKvavix e¨w³Õ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| G Qvov gywó‡gq wKQy †jvK‡K wb‡q GK ai‡bi †`ni¶x `j ˆZwi Kiv nq| Zviv cwiwPZ wQj Ôevi †RmvmÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ †jv‡Ki K_v D‡j−L

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 44K‡i‡Qb| Zv m‡Ë¡I Gme †jvK‡ì wN‡i GK ai‡bi inm¨ weivR KiZ| d‡j Zv‡ì m¤ú‡K© †ewk wKQy Rvbv hvq bv| GUv †evaMg¨| KviY Zviv wQj hxïi Abymvix Nwbô gnjwUi Ask| ZvB †ivgvb ¸ßPi‡ì †Pv‡Li Avov‡j ivLvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì cwiPq †Mvcb ivLv nZ| Abymvix‡ì hxï wb‡ ©k w`‡jb : Ôhvi UvKvi _wj Av‡Q Zv‡K †mUv wb‡Z `vI, †m ZvB wb‡q _vK, Ges hvi †Kvb Zievwi †bB Zv‡K Zvi †cvkvK wewµ Ki‡Z `vI hv‡Z †m GKwU wKb‡Z cv‡i (j~K 22t 36)| hxïi wk¶v A‡jŠwKK Kg©Kv‡Ê AbycÖvwYZ n‡q Zvi Abymvix‡ì msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| Gme cÖ ‘wZi dj uvovj GB †h wc‡jU- (Pilate) Gi DËi myix †mvwmqvbvm wn‡q‡ivKjm (Sossianus Hierocles) †LvjvLywjB ej‡jb †h hxï 9k WvKv‡Zi GKwU `‡ji †bZv (ÔPvP© dv`viÕ j¨vKUvwbqvm (Lactanius) KZ©…K D×„Z)| †Rv‡mdv‡mi iwPZ MÖ‡š’i ga¨hyMxq wneªy Abywjwc †_‡K †`Lv hvq, hxïi mv‡_ 2 nvRvi †_‡K 4 nvRvi mk ¿ Abymvix wQj| 4 G‡mbx‡ì Abym„Z ag©v`k© †_‡K hv‡Z †ewk ~‡i m‡i bv hvb, †mw`‡K hxïi mZK© „wó wQj| wZwb Rvb‡Zb †h G‡mbx‡ì ag©MÖ‡š’i cÖwZ c„ôv‡ZB Mm‡dj I Ck¦i †cÖwiZ ~Z‡ì AvPvi Abyôvb I bxwZ evK¨ i‡q‡Q5| ag©cÖPviKv‡j hxï Zuvi wk¶v I Av`k© m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Zuvi Abymvix‡ì Kv‡Q cÖKvk K‡ibwb| g~jZ, c~Y© mZ¨wU gvÎ AwZ Aí K‡qKR‡bi Rvbv wQj| Ò†Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi GLbI A‡bK wKQy ejvi evwK Av‡Q| wKš‘ †Zvgiv †m¸‡jv enb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| hv †nvK, †mB wZwb A_©vr mZ¨ AvZ¥v hLb AvMgb Ki‡eb ZLb wZwb †Zvgv‡ì c~Y© m‡Zï c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Ki‡eb, wKš‘ wZwb wb‡R †_‡K wKQy ej‡eb bv| wZwb hv ïb‡eb, ZvB wZwb ej‡eb|Ó (†hvnb 16 : 12-14)

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 45 wZwb †Kvb RvMwZK ¶gZv Pvbwb| ZvB wZwb †`‡ki kvmK †hgb n‡Z Pvbwb, †Zgwb Pvbwb ag©kv ¿we` n‡Z ev cÖfvekvjx Bqvû`x P‡µi †bZ…Z¡| wKš‘ mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ Zuvi wecyj RbwcÖqZv †`‡L I Zuvi Abymvix‡ì msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cvIqvi Kvi‡Y †ivgKiv Ges Zv‡ì mg_©K Bqvû`x cy‡ivwnZiv kw¼Z n‡q I‡V †h wZwb †eva nq kvmb ¶gZv `Lj Ki‡Z PvB‡Qb| wb‡R‡ì ¶gZvi cÖwZ ûgwK m„wó n‡Z hv‡”Q †f‡e Zviv Zuv‡K wbwðý Kivi R‡b¨ ª“Z m‡Pó n‡q I‡V| hxïi GKgvÎ j¶¨ wQj mªóv †hgbwU wb‡ ©k K‡i‡Qb Z`byhvqx Dcvmbvi c×wZ cÖwZôv Kiv| Hkx wb‡ ©wkZ cš’vq Pjvi c‡_ †h evav †Ìqvi †Póv Ki‡e Zvi mv‡_ jovB Kivi R‡b¨ hxï I Zuvi Abymvixiv cÖ¯‘Z wQ‡jb| cÖ_g jovBwU msNwUZ nq †ivgK‡ì AbyMZ Bqvû`x‡ì mv‡_| G hy‡× hxïi c‡¶ †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb Ôevi †RmvmÕ eviveŸvm (Bar Jesus Barabbas) G hy‡× Bqvû`x `‡ji †bZv wbnZ n‡j Zviv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c g‡bvej nvwi‡q †d‡j| wKš‘ eviveŸvm †MÖdZvi nb| cieZ©x j¶ wQj m‡jvg‡bi gw›ì| G gw›`‡ii Kv‡QB †ivgK‡ì GKwU kw³kvjx evwnbx wQj, KviY †mUv wQj evrmwiK Drm‡ei mgq Ges c~e© Dcj‡¶ †fv‡Rvrme (Feast of the Passover) wQj Avmbœ| G †ivgK ˆmbïv eQ‡ii G mgq mvaviYfv‡e †QvU-LvU †Mvj‡hv‡Mi R‡b¨ cÖ ‘Z n‡qB _vKZ| Z‡e Gevi Zviv Ab¨ †h †Kvb mg‡qi †P‡q †ewk mZK© wQj| Giv QvovI wQj gw›ì cywjk hviv cweÎ ’vb¸‡jv cvnviv w`Z| hxïi gw›ì AwfhvbwU GgbB mycwiKwíZ wQj †h †ivgK ˆmbïv NUbvi mgq G‡Kev‡i nZ wenŸj n‡q c‡o| hxï gw›`‡ii wbqš¿Y MÖnY K‡ib| GB jovB Ôgw›ì ïw×KiYÕ (Cleansing of the

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 47K‡qKw`b a‡i P‡j| wKš‘ †kl ch©š— †`k †cÖwgK evwnbxi Zzjbvq †ivgvb evwnbx A‡bK †ewk kw³kvjx cÖgvwYZ nq| Zuvi mKj Abymvix wcQy n‡U hvq| GgbwK hxïi Nwbô wklïvI cjvqb K‡i| Zuvi mv‡_ gvÎ mvgvb¨ wKQy gvbyl Aewkó wQj| hxï AvZ¥‡Mvcb Ki‡jb| †ivgvbiv Zv‡K Luy‡R †ei Kivi R‡b¨ e¨vcK Zj−vwk ïi“ K‡i| hxïi †MÖdZvi, ÔwePviÕ Ges Ôµzkwe×Õ Kiv wb‡q GZ †ewk ci¯úi we‡ivax I weåvwš—Ki weeiY cvIqv hvq †h Zvi ga¨ †_‡K ev —‡e wK N‡UwQj Zv Rvbv AZ¨š— y®‹i| Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, †ivgK miKvi ^ímsL¨K Bqvû`x‡ì AvbyMZ¨ I †mev jvf Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| KviY †Ri“hv‡j‡g †ivgK kvmb Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j G we‡kl gnjwUi ^v_© iw¶Z n‡Zv| hxïi GK wkl¨ RyWvm BmK¨vwiqU (Judas Iscariot) hxï‡K †MÖdZv‡ii Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Kivi wewbg‡q 30 wU †iŠc¨LÛ jv‡fi cÖwZkÖ“wZ †c‡q †ivgK‡ì `‡j wf‡o hvq| †h †Kvb ai‡bi †Mvj‡hvM Gov‡Z iv‡Zi †ejvq hxï‡K †MÖdZvi Kivi wm×vš— †bqv nq| hxï †h ’v‡b Zuvi K‡qKRb m½xmn Ae ’vb KiwQ‡jb †mLv‡b †cuŠ‡Q RyWvm‡K hxï‡K Pz¤b Kivi wb‡ ©k †Ìqv nq hv‡Z we‡`wk †ivgK ˆmbïv mn‡RB Zv‡K kbv³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ cwiKíbvwU fÛyj n‡q hvq| ˆmbïv AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ w`kv nvwi‡q †d‡j| yÕRb‡KB AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ GK iKg g‡b nw”Qj| ˆmbïv fyj K‡i hxïi cwie‡Z© RyWvm‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| Gi c‡i hxï cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g nb| G e¨vcv‡i cweÎ KziAvb gRx‡` ejv n‡q‡Q: Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v ev µzkwe× K‡iwb, wKš‘ Zv‡ì Giƒc weåg n‡qwQj| e›`x‡K hLb †ivgK wePviK wc‡jU- Gi mvg‡b nvwRi Kiv nj, NUbvi bvUKxqZv mKj‡KB mš‘ó K‡iwQj| AwaKvsk Bqvû`x

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 50Zuv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì wZwb Dcnvm Ki‡Zb|8 Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, hxï µzkwe× nbwb e‡j Rvbv †M‡jI †m Kv‡ji †jLKMY ev HwZnvwmKiv hxïi ’‡j †K µzkwe× n‡q g„ZzëiY Ki‡jb Zvi e¨vcv‡i gZcv_©‡Kï wkKvi wKsev mywbw ©ó wKQy ej‡Z AcviM| †KD †KD wKQyB wek¦vm Ki‡Z Pvb bv| hLb †KD †ivgvb ˆmwbK‡ì †`Šiv‡Z¥ï K_v eY©bv K‡ib wZwb Av¶wiK fv‡eB Iì †U÷v‡g‡›Ui wbw ©ó K‡qKwU Aby‡”Q‡ì cybive„wË K‡ib......... ZLbB cy‡iv welqwUB wbQK KíbvcÖm~Z Avwe®‹vi e‡j m‡›`n †R‡M I‡V|9 evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj (Gospel of Barnabas) I KziAvb Qvov hxïi µzkwe× nIqvi ci Kx N‡UwQj, †m m¤ú‡K© †Kvb HwZnvwmK †iKW© †bB| D³ evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj I KziAv‡b G NUbvi eY©bv i‡q‡Q hv‡K 4wU ^xK…Z Mm‡c‡jB ÔEaŸ©v‡ivnbÕ(Ascension) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi A_© Zuv‡K c„w_ex †_‡K Zz‡j †bqv n‡qwQj|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 51Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj hxï L„‡ói GKRb Nwbô wk‡lï †jLv Ges Kvj cwiµgvq i¶vcÖvß GKgvÎ Mm‡cj| Gi iPwqZv evb©vevm wQ‡jb hxïi AZ¨š— Nwbô mnPi Ges hxïi wZb eQi e¨vcx ag© cÖPviKv‡j wZwb AwaKvsk mgqB Zuvi wek¦ — mnPi wn‡m‡e wQ‡jb| Gi d‡j wZwb hxïi ag©cÖPvi ^P‡¶ cÖZ¨¶ K‡i mivmwi AwfÁZv I Ávb jvf K‡ib hv PviwU ^xK…Z Mm‡c‡ji iPwqZv‡ì KviI wQj bv| hxï Ges Zvi wk¶v I wb‡ ©k m¤ú‡K© wZwb KLb G Mm‡cj iPbv K‡ib Zv Rvbv hvq bv| myZivs hLb †h NUbv ev K‡_vcK_b msNwUZ n‡qwQj ZLwb A_ev hxïi EaŸ©v‡ivn‡Yi ciciB Zuvi wKQy wk¶v cwiewZ©Z ev nvwi‡q †h‡Z cv‡i †f‡e wZwb G Mm‡cj iPbv K‡ib, Zv my úó bq| m¤¢eZ Rb gv‡K©i (John Mark) mv‡_ wZwb mvBcÖvm cÖZ¨veZ©b Kivi c~‡e© wKQyB iPbv K‡ibwb| hxïi EaŸ©v‡ivn‡Yi wKQy w`b ci Uvim‡mi cj (Paul of Tarsus) Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©‡”Q‡ì ci yÕRb mvBcÖvm hvÎv K‡iwQ‡jb| D³ e¨w³ evb©vev‡mi mv‡_ cybivq åg‡Y A ^xK…wZ Rvbv‡jI gvK© Zuvi mnhvÎx nb| Z‡e evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj KLb †jLv n‡qwQj Zv ZZUv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bq| G Mm‡cjwUI Ab¨ PviwU Mm‡c‡ji b¨vq wewfbœ fvlvq Abyw`Z I cwi‡kvwaZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G MÖ‡š’i we‡klZ¡ nj †h GwU hxïi Rxeb I Kg© wel‡q GKRb cÖZ¨¶`k©xi weeiY| 325 mb ch©š— Av‡jKRvw› ªqvi PvP© ‡jv‡Z evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj GKwU wMR©v Aby‡gvw`Z Mm‡cj (Canonical Gospel) wn‡m‡eB ^xK…Z wQj| GUv mywew`Z †h hxïi Rb¥jv‡fi ci cÖ_g I wØZxq kZvãx‡Z Zv cÖPvwiZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Bivwbqv‡mi (Iraneus, 130-200 mb) †jLvi Kvi‡YB GUv N‡UwQj| KviY wZwb GKZ¡ev‡ì mg_©‡b †jLv‡jwL Ki‡Zb| wZwb c‡ji

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 53evB‡e‡ji GKwU Kwc msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb I Zv Zvi e¨w³MZ MÖš’vMv‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb| G Mm‡cj msµvš— wel‡q Av‡iv †ek wKQy digvb Rvwi Kiv nq| 382 m‡b cvðv‡Zï PvP© ‡jv Ges 456 m‡b †cvc B‡bv‡m›U KZ©…K (Innocent) G Mm‡cj wbwl× K‡i digvb Rvwi Kiv nq| 496 m‡b M−vwmqvb digv‡b wbwl× MÖ‡š’i ZvwjKvq ‘Evangelium Barnabe’ I Aš—f©y³ nq| niwgmWvm (Hormisdas) Gi digv‡bI (whwb 514 mb †_‡K 523 mb ch©š— †cvc wQ‡jb) G wb‡lavÁv cybe© ³ Kiv nq| we `¨ g›Udv‡Kv (B.de. Montfaucon, 1655-1741) KZ©…K cÖYxZ P¨v‡Ýji †mMvBqvi (Chancellor Seguier, 1558-1672)- Gi MÖš’vMv‡ii MÖxK cvÊywjwci K¨vUvj‡M G mKj digv‡bi D‡j −L Kiv n‡q‡Q| bvB‡m‡dviv‡mi (Nicephorus) Stichometry †Z I wbæiƒ‡c evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q: µwgK bs 3, evb©vev‡mi cÎvejx (Epistle of Bernabas) ... 1,300 cOw³| Avevi Sixty Books- Gi ZvwjKv‡Z evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji wbæiƒc D‡j −L i‡q‡Q: µwgK bs 17| †cÖwiZ ~Z‡ì ågY I wk¶v| µwgK bs 18| evb©vev‡mi cÎvewj| µwgK bs 24| evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj| GB weL¨vZ ZvwjKv Index bv‡g cwiwPZ| L„óvbiv ciKv‡ji wPi ’vqx kvw —i f‡q G MÖš’ ‡jvi †KvbwUB cvV KiZ bv e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| d«v‡Ýi ivRvi MÖš’vMv‡ii cvÊywjwc mg~‡ni K¨vUvjM cÖ ‘ZKvix †Kv‡U‡jwiqvm (Cotelerius) 1789 m‡b cÖYxZ Index of Scriptures- G evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj‡K ZvwjKvf~³ K‡ib|

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 59PZz_© Aa¨vq

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 61gZev` I weeiY m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqvi Rb¨ †m¸‡jvi Zzjbvg~jK hvPvB I wePv‡ii †Kvb AvbyôvwbK D‡`¨vM †bqv nqwb| cÖ_g w`‡Ki L„ó mgv‡Ri †bZ…e„›` Aev‡a Zv‡ì ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì wePv‡i †hme MÖ‡š’ hxïi wk¶v fvjfv‡e Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nZ †m¸‡jvi K_vB Zviv D‡j −L Ki‡Zb| 325 L„. wÎZ¡ev‡ì D™¢veb, Zvi iƒc †iLv cÖYqb I AvbyôvwbK fv‡e MÖn‡Yi Kvi‡Y cjxq Pv‡P©i Kv‡Q G ai‡bi ¯^vaxbZv Avi MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv| 4wU ¯xK…Z Mm‡cj wbe©vPb Kiv nq Ges hxïi R‡b¥i c‡i wjwLZ mKj ag©xq MÖš’ wbwl× Kiv nq| hv †nvK, cjxq Pv‡P©i †bZ…e„›`, hviv Zv‡ì inm¨gq ag©g‡Zi e¨vcv‡i m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c mš‘ó wQj bv, hv Gmgq M‡o DVwQj Ges hviv wKQy wbwl× MÖ‡š’i êaZv ¯xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb, Zviv Pv‡P©i bqv ag©g‡Zi mv‡_ mivmwi we‡ivwaZv m‡Ë¡I G me MÖ‡š’i K‡qKwU‡K envj ivL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| Gme MÖš’ GK‡Î R‡ov Kiv nq Ges †m¸‡jv ïay Pv‡P©i ¶gZvai e¨w³‡ì eënv‡ii g‡a¨B mxwgZ ivLv nq| G¸‡jv cwiwPZ ‘Apocrypha’ bv‡g hvi A_© nj ÒRbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K jywK‡q ivLvÓ| Gici †m¸‡jv evB‡ej †_‡K AcmviY Kiv nq| †h mKj †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q G me MÖš’ cvIqv wM‡qwQj Zv‡ì mn MÖš’¸‡jv cÖKv‡k¨ aŸsm K‡i †djv nq| mvgvb¨ wKQy msL¨K Kwc gvÎ G aŸsmKvÛ †_‡K i¶v cvq| evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji gZ nvigv‡mi The Shepherd- Gi fv‡MÏ GKB cwiYwZ N‡U| MÖš’wU wbD †Uóv‡g›U †_‡KI ev` †Ìqv nq| †h‡nZz G MÖš’wUi Kvi‡Y wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ wb‡ ©kcÖvß †jvK‡ì g‡b mskq †`Lv w`‡qwQj †m Kvi‡Y GwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c aŸsm Kivi †Póv Pvjv‡bv nq| Z‡e G mKj †Póv e¨_© n‡q‡Q e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq| G MÖš’wUi K_v wewfbœ m~‡Î Dwj−wLZ i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cvðv‡Zï †KD `xN©Kvj Zv cvV Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb| AvKw¯§Kfv‡e 1922 L„. G MÖš’wUi GKwU Z…Zxq kZvãxi c¨vwcivm cvÊywjwc Av‡jvi gyL †`L‡Z cvq|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 62 †`Lv hvq †h nvigv‡mi eëüZ MÖxK wQj GKwU mnR fvlv| mvaviY gvbyl G fvlv eyS‡Z cviZ| GUv cwi®‹vi †h MÖš’wU mK‡ji K_v †f‡eB iwPZ n‡qwQj, MY¨gvb¨ eyw×Rxex‡ì R‡b¨ bq| Zuvi fvlv mij I N‡ivqv Ges Zuvi †gŠwjK cÖKvkf½x eBwU‡K mnR cvV¨ K‡iwQj| nvigvm Zvi MÖš’wU ïi“ K‡i‡Qb Zvi †`Lv PviwU ¯^‡cœi weeiY w`‡q| †kl ¯cœwU‡K wZwb AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb cÖZ¨v‡`k cÖvwß e‡j †h‡nZz G mgq †glcvj‡Ki †cvkv‡K mw¾Z GK ^M©xq ~Z Zuvi Kv‡Q G‡mwQ‡jb| ¯^M©xq `~Z Zuv‡K ÁvZ K‡ib †h, Ôme©v‡c¶v m¤§vwbZ ¯^M©xq `~ZÕ (A_©vr Mvweª‡qj) Zv‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb| nvigvm hZw`b RxweZ _vK‡eb ZZw`b wZwbI Zvi mv‡_ _vK‡eb| Gici ¯M©xq ~Z nvigvm‡K ÔmKj wb‡`©kvejx I ag©g‡Zi e¨vL¨vÕ wjwce× Kivi wb‡ ©k †`b| †h‡nZz ¯^M©xq ~Z KZ©…K G¸‡jv wjwce× Kivi wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡qwQj Ges D³ ¯M©xq ~Z‡K wb‡ ©k w`‡qwQ‡jb Ôme©v‡c¶v m¤§vwbZ ¯^M©xq `~ZÕ †m Kvi‡Y ZrKvjxb L„óvbMY G MÖš’‡K Hkx MÖš’ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i| nvigvm †h me wb‡ ©kvejx wjwce× Kivi wb‡`©k cÖvß n‡qwQ‡jb †m¸‡jv wbæiƒc :

1 me©cÖ_‡gB wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e †h Ck¦i GK Ges wZwb mewKQy m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges †m¸‡jv‡K msMwVZ K‡i‡Qb, wZwb Qvov Avi †Kvb mªóv †bB, wZwb me wKQy‡K aviY K‡ib wKš‘ wZwb wb‡R aviYK…Z bb| Zuv‡K wek¦vm Ki I fq Ki Ges Zuv‡K fq K‡i AvZ¥-mshgx nI| G Av‡`k gvb¨ Ki Ges wb‡Ri mKj `yó cÖe„wË `~i Ki, Ges mr I b¨vqcivqY nI| Av‡`k gvb¨ Ki‡j Zzwg Ck¦‡ii mvwbœa¨ jvf Ki‡e|

2 wek¦¯— I mijgbv nI|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 63Kv‡iv m¤ú‡K© g›` K_v ej‡e bv Ges †KD ej‡jI Zv‡Z KY©cvZ Ki‡e bv| b¨vqwbô nI Ges gy³n‡ — `vb Ki|

3 mZ¨‡K fv‡jvevm|

4 cweÎ nI| ïay Kv‡R bq, wPš—vqI cweÎ n‡Z n‡e|

5 mwnòy I âh©kxj nI| Ck¦i âh©kxj wKš‘ kqZvb Amwnòy|

6 hv mZ¨ †mUvB wek¦vm Ki| hv mZ¨ bq Zv wek¦vm Ki bv| b¨v‡qi c_ mnR I mij wKš‘ Ab¨‡ì c_ euvKv| gvby‡li mv‡_ `yÕRb ¯^M©xq ~Z Av‡Q, GKRb b¨v‡qi wnmve iv‡L Ab¨Rb Ab¨v‡qi|

7 Ck¦i‡K fq Ki I Zuvi Av‡`k †g‡b Pj|

8 Ab¨v‡qi e¨vcv‡i wbR‡K mseiY Ki, Ab¨vq Ki bv| Z‡e b¨v‡qi e¨vcv‡i wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Ki bv| hv mwVK ZvB Ki| mKj Amr KvR †_‡K wbR‡K mshZ Ki Ges mZ¨ c_ AbymiY Ki|

9 wb‡Ri gb †_‡K m‡›`n `~i Ki| †Kvb mskq Qvov Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q PvI Ges Zzwg me wKQy cv‡e| Ck¦i gvby‡li b¨vq Cl©v civqY bb, wZwb ¶gvkxj Ges Zuvi m„wói cÖwZ Ki“Yvkxj| myZivs RvMwZK Me©- `¤¢ †_‡K ü`q‡K gy³ Ki|

10 gb †_‡K ytL‡eva `~i Ki, KviY Zv m‡›`n I †µv‡ai m‡nvìv ¯îƒc|

11

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 64†h fÊ bexi mv‡_ Avjvc civgk© K‡i †m g~wZ©c~RK I mZ¨ wePz¨Z| nvigvm ¯M©xq `~‡Zi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb †h Kxfv‡e GKRb mZ¨ I wg_¨v bex‡K †Pbv hv‡e| Rev‡e wZwb Rvbvb, whwb bex wZwb n‡eb f`ª, bgª I webqx| wZwb mKj Amr KvR †_‡K weiZ _vK‡eb| Zvi †Kvb RvMwZK AvK•Lv _vK‡e bv| wZwb wb‡Ri †Kvb K_v ej‡eb bv... Ck¦i hLb PvB‡eb ZLwb wZwb K_v ej‡eb........ Ck¦i me©kw³gvb| GKRb wg_¨v bex wb‡RB wb‡Ri cÖksmv Ki‡e Ges wb‡Ri R‡b¨ D”Pvmb PvB‡e| †m n‡e `y ©vš—, wbj©¾ I evPvj| †m wejvm e¨m‡bi g‡a¨ _vK‡e Ges Zvi bex‡Z¡i R‡b¨ cvwikÖwgK MÖnY Ki‡e| †Kvb cweÎ AvZ¥v wK bex‡Z¡i R‡b¨ cvwikÖwgK MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib? wg_¨v bex mr †jvK‡ì cwinvi K‡i Ges bx‡P Zv‡ì mv‡_B mswk−ó _v‡K hviv m‡›`n cÖeY I `vw¤¢K| †m Zv‡ì Kv‡Q me©`v g‡bviÄbKi wg_¨v K_v e‡j| GKwU k~b¨ cvÎ Ab¨ k~b¨ cv‡Îi g‡a¨ ivLv n‡j †f‡O hvq bv, eis Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK HK¨ I m¤úÖxwZ jw¶Z nq| GKwU cv_i nv‡Z wb‡q AvKv‡ki w`‡K Quy‡o `vI, †`L Zv AvKvk Quy‡Z cv‡i wKbv| RvMwZK e¯‘mg~n A¶g I ye©j| Ab¨w`‡K Hkx kw³‡K MÖnY Ki| GKwU wkjv ¶z`ª e¯‘, wKš‘ Zv hLb gvby‡li gv_vi Dci c‡o ZLb KZ bv hš¿Yv †`q| A_ev †`L, Qv‡ì Dci †_‡K cvwbi †duvUv gvwU‡Z c‡o wgwj‡q hvq| A_P GB cvwbi †duvUv c‡o c‡oB cv_‡ii ey‡K MZ© m„wó nq| myZivs Hkx kw³ AZ¨š— kw³kvjx|

12 gb †_‡K mKj Amr B”Qv ~i Ki Ges mr I cweÎ B”Qvq gb‡K mw¾Z Ki| Ck¦i gvby‡li ¯v‡_©B we‡k¦ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Ck¦i‡cÖgx e¨w³ me wKQyi AwaKvix n‡e| Ck¦‡ii GKRb `v‡mi gZ AvPiY Ki| hviv Ck¦‡ii `vm, kqZvb Zv‡ì KeRv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| kqZvb Zv‡ì mv‡_ jovB Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ cZb NUv‡Z cv‡i bv|1

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 65cÂg Aa¨vq

evb©vevm I Avw` L„óvbMY evb©vevm ev evi-†be kãwUi A_© Ômvš—¡bvi cyÎÕ ev Ô†cÖiYvi cyÎÕ| evb©vevm wQ‡jb GKRb Bqvû`x| wZwb mvBcÖv‡m Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi bvg wQj †Rv‡mm ev †Rv‡md| Zuvi evb©vevm bvgwU hxïi wkl¨‡ì †Ìqv| hwÌ 4wU Mm‡c‡j Zuvi m¤ú‡K© mvgvb¨B D‡j −L Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui Aš—f©y³ Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’ †_‡K cÖgvY †g‡j †h hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci wZwb Zuvi wkl¨‡ì †bZv n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb †mB e¨w³ whwb m‡e©vcwi hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶v AweKj fv‡e wUwK‡q ivLvi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb Ges we‡kl K‡i Uvim‡mi cj mn Ab¨vb¨‡ì bZzb wKQy ms‡hvR‡bi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| j~K, whwb Ô†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©Õ (Acts of the Apostles) wj‡LwQ‡jb, wZwb wQ‡jb c‡ji e¨w³MZ wPwKrmK Ges wZwb c‡ji `„wófw½B e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| G †_‡KB eySv hvq †Kb wZwb ïay c‡ji Kvwnwb eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡qB evb©vev‡mi K_v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| `yf©vM¨µ‡g cjxq PvP© GKmgq hLb wÎZ¡ev` MÖnY K‡i ZLb G gZev‡ì we‡ivax mKj cÖgvY wbwðý Kivi †Póv Kv‡j The Travels and teachings of the Apostles- Gi gZ MÖš’I aŸsm K‡i †djv nq| d‡j evb©vevm I Avw` L„óvb‡ì m¤ú‡K© AwaKvsk MÖš’B wejyß nq| wÎZ¡ev`‡ì GB bxwZi Kvi‡YB 4wU M„nxZ Mm‡cj †_‡K Avðh©RbK fv‡e hxïi ag©cÖPvi Kvjxb mg‡q evb©vev‡mi D‡j−L cvIqv hvq bv| G Kvi‡YB, j~‡Ki g‡Z hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci Zuvi wkl¨ I Abymvix‡ì †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi †hvM¨Zv †h evb©vevm Qvov wØZxq Avi Kv‡iv wQj bv, †m evb©vevm wb‡R, c‡ji mv‡_ gZwe‡iva I m½Z¨v‡Mi ciciB BwZnv‡mi cvZv †_‡K nvwi‡q hvq| hxïi ag©cÖPv‡ii †Mvov †_‡KB evb©vevm Zuvi m‡½ wQ‡jb| Zuvi Mm‡cj †_‡K hxïi cÖwZ Zuvi AZzjbxq AvbyMZ¨ I fv‡jvevmvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| evb©vevm ïay hxïi mve©¶wYK mnPiB wQ‡jb bv- wZwb Zuvi gnvb wk¶v AvZ¥¯’ I ¯§iY †i‡LwQ‡jb| wZwb AZ¨íKv‡ji g‡a¨B

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 66we‡kl L¨vwZ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb, KviY wZwb hxïi KvQ †_‡K jä wk¶v Ab¨‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z m¶g wQ‡jb| hxïi wkl¨ I Abymvixiv Zuv‡K bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv †_‡K e³v wnmv‡e Zuvi kw³gËvi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq| wZwb wQ‡jb mvš—¡bv I Drmv‡ni Drm| wZwb wQ‡jb wek¦¯— I D`vi| hxïi mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi ci wZwb Zuvi mKj m¤ú` wewµ K‡i †`b Ges †m A_© hxïi Abymvix‡ì eënv‡ii R‡b¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zuv‡K †h me bvg †Ìqv n‡qwQj wZwb Zvi me¸‡jv‡ZB cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| G †_‡K Zuvi cÖwZ hxï I Zuvi wkl¨‡ì †øn I fv‡jvevmvi cwiPq †g‡j| hxïi wklïv RyWv‡mi ¯’‡j Ggb GKRb‡K wbe©vP‡bi wm×vš— †bb whwb GKev‡i R‡bi `xw¶Z Kivi mgq †_‡K hxïi mve©¶wYK mnPi wQ‡jb| Zviv G R‡b¨ `yÕRb‡K g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| GKRb n‡jb †hv‡md hv‡K evb©vevm ejv nZ| Zvi Avi GK bvg wQj Rvóvm (Justus) Ab¨Rb n‡jb : g¨vw_qvm (†cÖwiZ `~Z‡ì Kvh© 1t 22-23)| hxïi RxebKv‡j Zuvi m½x wnmv‡e wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U †h †hv‡m‡di K_v D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q, wZwb evb©vevm Qvov Avi †KD bb| KviY Gmgq ïaygvÎ Zv‡KB †hv‡md bv‡g WvKv nZ| ¸W¯úxW e‡jb, myZivs mKj m¤¢vebv hvi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i wZwb evb©vevm, †Kbbv fqsKi wel cvb K‡iI Zvi †Kvb Amyweav nqwb| hw` ZvB nq, Zvn‡j GUvB cÖZxqgvb nq †h evb©vevm hw` hxïi cÖ_g mvwii 12 Rb wk‡lï GKRb bvI n‡q _v‡Kb Z‡e cÖ_g 70 Rb wk‡lï g‡a¨ Aek¨B wZwb GKRb wQ‡jb| Avmj NUbv nj, hxïi g~j Øv`k wk‡lï g‡a¨ cÖ_g wk‡lï gh©v`v jv‡fi h‡_ó †hvM¨Zv Zuvi wQj| Gi mg_©b †g‡j wb‡æv³ NUbv †_‡K| hxïi gvZv †gix hLb g„Zz kh¨vq kvwqZ ZLb wZwb 12 Rb wk‡lï mKj‡KB †W‡K cvVvb| hviv G‡mwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ evb©vevm wQ‡jb Ab¨Zg| Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wK¬‡g›U I (Clement of Alexandria) me mgqB evb©vevm‡K 12 Rb wk‡lï GKRb wn‡m‡e D‡j−L K‡i †M‡Qb| GgbwU n‡Z cv‡i †h hxï G‡mbx m¤úÖ`vq KZ©…K jvwjZ cvwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb Ges Rvbv hvq †h evb©vevm †mKv‡ji †Muvov Bqvû`xev‡ì †kÖôZg wk¶K Rvgvwj‡qj

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 67(Gamaliel)- Gi GKRb QvÎ wQ‡jb| myZivs hxï evb©vev‡mi mv¶v‡Zi A_© wQj GB †h, G‡mbx‡ì inm¨gq Aa¨vZ¥ev`x wk¶v I gw›`‡ii †Muvov Bqvû`xev‡ì mgš^q N‡UwQj| wbtm‡›`‡n Zv Df‡qi †ga¨ m¤úÖxwZ m„wó‡Z Ae`vb †i‡LwQj| †h‡nZz evb©vevm wQ‡jb GKRb †jfxq cy‡ivwnZ †m Kvi‡Y wZwb ag©cÖvY †hv×v‡ì (Zealots) GKwU wWwfk‡bi KgvÛvi n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡ib| evb©vevm m¤ú‡K© Lye mvgvb¨B Rvbv hvq| me©‡kl HwZnvwmK M‡elYvq ax‡i ax‡i Zuvi e¨vcv‡i AwaKZi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡”Q †h‡nZz wZwb wQ‡jb hxïi mve©¶wYK mnPi| GLb GKUv wel‡q mK‡jB GKgZ †h hxïi Ôjvó mvcviÕ ev †kl mÜ¨v †fvR evb©vev‡mi †ev‡bi evwo‡ZB AbywôZ n‡qwQj| AvjevU© †kv‡qBURvi (Albert Sehweitzer) Òw` wKsWg Ae MW A¨vÛ wcÖwgwUfwµwðqvb wewjdÓ MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb : †cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© (Acts) †_‡K G wm×vš— MÖnY Kiv hvq †h hxïi wkl¨ I M¨vjxwji wek¦vm ¯’vcbKvixiv Rb gv‡K©i gv‡qi evwo‡Z wgwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb whwb evb©vevm I c‡ji cÖ_g ag©cÖPvi md‡i Zv‡ì m½x n‡qwQ‡jb (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 12t25) ... Zv‡ì mv¶v‡Zi ¯’vbwU wQj Dc‡ii Ni A_©vr †hwU Qv‡ì wVK bx‡PB Aew¯’Z wQj| (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 1t 12-14)| hxïi mKj mnP‡ii Dcw¯’wZi d‡j †mwU wQj GK eo mgv‡ek| GwU wQj †mB K¶ †h K‡¶ Bqvû`x‡ì ce© (Pentecost) Dcj‡¶ GKB ¯’v‡b mKj wek¦vm ¯’vcbKvix GKÎ n‡qwQ‡jb (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 2t1)| hxï †h ’v‡b Zvi wkl¨‡ì wb‡q Òjvó mvcviÓ (Last Supper) G wgwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi mv‡_ G ¯’vbwU wK K‡i Awfbœ e‡j kbv³ Kiv †Mj? hxï hLb †e_vbx (Bethany) †_‡K Zvi `yÕRb wkl¨‡K Zuvi Rb¨ Bqvû`x c‡e©i †fvR (Passover) Av‡qvR‡bi wb‡ ©k w`‡q kn‡i †cÖiY K‡ib, ZLb wZwb Zv‡ì e‡jb †h cvwbfiv Kjm enbKvix GK e¨w³ Zv‡ì mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡j Zv‡ì Zv‡K AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| †mB e¨w³

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 68Zv‡ì GKwU evwo‡Z wb‡q hv‡eb hvi Dci ZjvwU K¤^j weQv‡bv| †mLv‡bB Zv‡ì Lvevi cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv GB g~jëvb Z_¨wU cvB gv‡K©i Mm‡cj †_‡K (gvK© 14 : 13-15), hvi Drm n‡jb Rb gvK©| gw_ ïay GUzKz e‡j‡Qb †h hxï kn‡i KvD‡K Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ yÕRb wkl¨‡K †cÖiY K‡ib- ÒcÖfy ej‡jb, Avgvi mgq dzwi‡q G‡m‡Q; Avwg H evwowU‡Z wkl¨‡ì wb‡q c‡e©i w`b cvjb KieÓ (gw_ 26t8) w_I‡Wvi hvqb †mB gZ †cvlYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg cÖ_g whwb e‡jb †h hxï †h evwo‡Z †kl Lvevi MÖnY K‡ib Zv gv‡K©i gv‡qi evwowUi mv‡_ Awfbœ wQj Ges †mLv‡b hxïi wklïv M¨vjxwj †_‡K AvMZ wek¦vm ¯’vcbKvix‡ì mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb| 1 hwÌ †kv‡qBURvi e‡j‡Qb †h †mB evwowU Rb gv‡K©i gv‡qi, wZwb wKš‘ GK_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`bwb †h gv‡K©i gv wQ‡jb evb©vev‡mi †evb| ‡h‡nZz evb©vevm Zvi hv wKQy m¤ú` wQj Zvi meB wewµ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb, †m‡nZz aviYv Kiv nq †h wZwb †Ri“hv‡j‡g _vKvi mgq Zvi †ev‡bi evwo‡Z h‡_ó eo Ni wQj hv mKj wk‡li ’vb msKzjv‡bi Dchy³ wQj| wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U G me welq my¯úófv‡e D‡j −wLZ bv nIqvi KviY m¤¢eZ GUvB †h hxïi wklïv Zv‡ì mv¶v‡Zi ¯’vb‡K †Mvcb ivL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| †Kbbv †mUv wQj Ggb GK mgq hLb wb‡R‡ì ag© wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì Dci wbh©vZb PjwQj| GLb cÖkœ Rv‡M †h evb©vevm my&¯úófv‡e Zuvi †ev‡bi evwo‡Z †h †Kvb mgv‡e‡ki †gRevb nIqv m‡Ë¡I M„nxZ 4wU evB‡e‡ji Ôjvó mvcv‡iiÕ eY©bvq Zuvi bvg D‡j−wLZ nqwb †Kb? nq Zuvi bvg D‡j−wLZ wQj wKš‘ c‡i AcmviY Kiv n‡q‡Q A_ev †mvRv K_vq wZwb †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb bv| GUv m¤¢e †h KvivMv‡i _vKvi Kvi‡Y †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z nIqv Zuvi c‡¶ m¤¢e wQj bv| wjwLZ eY©bvq †`Lv hvq, eviveŸvm (Barabbas) bvgK GK e¨w³ GK`j †jvK wb‡q †ivgvb cš’x Bqvû`x‡ì AvµgY K‡ib| Avi G msNl© N‡UwQj Bqvû`x ce© Dcj‡¶ Av‡qvwRZ †fv‡Ri AZ¨íKvj c~‡e©| G msN‡l© Bqvû`x‡ì †bZv wbnZ

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 69nb, wKš‘ eviveŸvm AvUK nb I Zv‡K KvivMv‡i †cÖiY Kiv nq| G msN‡l©i NUbvejx wek`fv‡e cix¶vKvix †nBbwiL njRg¨vb (Heinrich Holtzman) e‡jb, †MÖdZviK…Z e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ weL¨vZ eviveŸvmI wQ‡jb whwb wQ‡jb wbwðZfv‡e GKRb †`k‡cÖwgK I GKRb ivR‰bwZK ÔbexÕ| hxïi mv‡_ cÖvq GKB mgq ZviI wePvi AbywôZ nq| 2 †h‡nZz evb©vevm GKRb †jexq cy‡ivwnZ wQ‡jb Ges hxïi wkl¨‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb cÖavb, †m Kvi‡Y wZwb ag©cÖvY †hv×v‡ì GKwU wWwfk‡bi cÖavb n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡ib| gi“ mvMi cuyw_ (Dead Sea Serolls) †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi †h, GB 4wU wWwfkb wQj G‡mbx m¤úÖ`v‡qi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask Ges Zviv we‡`wk AvMÖvmbKvix I Zv‡ì mg_©K‡ì Kej †_‡K †`k‡K gy³ Ki‡Z A½xKvie× wQj| ïay GK`j ag©cÖvY †hv×v‡ì c‡¶B †m mgq †ivgvb cš’x Bqvû`x‡ì Dci msMwVZ AvµgY Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e| myZivs GUv n‡Z cv‡i †h eviveŸvm I evb©vevm GK Ges Awfbœ e¨w³ wQ‡jb| GUv LyeB m¤¢e †h c‡ji Kvwnwbi Ask bq Ggb †Kvb NUbvi mv‡_ RwoZ wn‡m‡e evb©vev‡mi bvg D‡j−L _vK‡j cjxq PvP© Ab¨vb¨ ms‡kvabxi mv‡_ Zv nq AcmviY, bq cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q| Zviv G cÖwµqv mKj †¶‡Î AbymiY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, KviY wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U evb©vev‡mi D‡j−L¨ i‡q‡Q| †cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© †_‡K Rvbv hvq, Pv‡P©i †Mvovi w`‡Ki w`b¸‡jv‡Z evb©vevm cj‡K †h mg_©b w`‡qwQj, wZwb †mUv bv Ki‡j L„ó a‡g©i BwZnv‡m c‡ji †Kvb ¯’vb _vKZ wKbv m‡›`n| hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci Zvi wbKU Abymvix‡ì fv‡M¨ wK N‡UwQj, †m e¨vcv‡i ‡Kvb weeiY cvIqv hvq bv| g‡b nq hxïi Kw_Z µzkwe× nIqvi ci Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB wewfbœ w`‡K Qwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb| wKQyKvj c‡i Zviv †Ri“hv‡j‡g Avevi R‡ov n‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| 12 Rb wkl¨ Ges 70 Rb Nwbô Abymvixi g‡a¨ KZRb wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb Zv Rvbv hvq bv| GUv wbwðZ †h hviv wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb Zviv wQ‡jb wek¦vmx, Avš—wiK I mvnmx Ges hxïi R‡b¨ Zv‡ì wQj myMfxi fv‡jvevmv| hxïi Nwbô

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 70mnPi wn‡m‡e evb©vev‡mi Ae¯’vb wkl¨‡ì †QvU `jwUi g‡a¨ Zv‡K wewkó K‡i Zz‡jwQj| Zviv Bqvû`x wn‡m‡eB Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zb Ges hxï Zv‡ì †h wk¶v w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv cvjb Ki‡Zb| Zviv bexM‡Yi weavb AbymiY Ki‡Zb hv ÒaŸsm bq, cwic~Y© Kivi Rb¨BÓ hxï AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb (gw_ 5 : 17)| †m Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì Kv‡iv Kv‡QB hxïi wk¶v bZzb †Kvb ag© wQj bv| Zviv wQ‡jb ag©wbô Bqvû`x Ges cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì mv‡_ Zv‡ì cv_©K¨ wQj hxïi cÖPvwiZ evYx‡Z Zv‡ì wek¦vm| †Mvovi w`‡Ki GB w`b¸‡jv‡Z Zviv wb‡R‡ì GKwU c„_K m¤úÖ`vq wn‡m‡e msMwVZ K‡ibwb Ges Zv‡ì †Kvb wmbvMMI (Bqvû`x‡ì Dcvmbvjq) wQj bv| gymv Av. cÖPvwiZ a‡g©iB Ae¨vnZ I cybe© ³ iƒc| †h mKj Bqvû`x gymv Av. Gi evYx‡K wb‡R‡ì ¯^v_© nvwm‡ji R‡b¨ eënvi KiwQj Ges hviv kw¼Z n‡q c‡owQj †h hxïi Abymvix‡ì mg_©‡bi A_© n‡e Awbevh©iƒ‡c wb‡R‡ì m¤ú`, kw³ I Ae ’v‡bi R‡b¨ ¶wZKi, †m me Bqvû`x‡ì Kvi‡YB hxïi Abymvix I Bqvû`x‡ì g‡a¨ msNl© ïi“ nq| D”P †kÖwYi Bqvû`xiv Zv‡ì we‡kl ¯^v_© I kZ kZ eQi a‡i fvMK…Z my‡hvM myweav i¶vi R‡b¨ †ivgvb‡ì mv‡_ Pzw³‡Z Ave× n‡qwQj| Gi d‡j Zviv GgbwK wb‡R‡ì ag© †_‡KI m‡i wM‡qwQj| hv‡ì K_v I Kv‡Ri d‡j Zv‡ì K…ZKg© cÖKvk n‡q covi AvksKv wQj, Ggb e¨w³‡ì Dci wbh©vZb Pvjv‡bvi R‡b¨ G me Bqvû`x †ivgvb‡ì mwµqfv‡e mg_©b w`‡qwQj| ZvB †`Lv †hZ †h hxïi GKRb Abymvix hLb Zuv‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Q, †mLv‡b GKRb Bqvû`x Zv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Q| GKw`‡K †ivgvbiv Zv‡ì ivR‰bwZK kw³i cÖwZ ûgwK e‡j Zv‡ì Zvov K‡i wdiZ, Ab¨w`‡K wb‡R‡ì Ôag©xq KZ©„Z¡Õ Le© n‡e G AvksKvq Bqvû`xivI Zv‡ì Luy‡R †eovZ| cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z hxï‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z Awb”QyK Bqvû`x I hxïi Abymvix‡ì ga¨Kvi eëavb e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| 70 m‡b †Ri“hv‡jg Ae‡iv‡ai mgq hxïi Abymvixiv bMi Z¨vM K‡i| 132 m‡b evi †KvqvPvev (Bar Coachaba) we‡`ªv‡ni mgqI GKB NUbv N‡U|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 71 hxïi Avwef©ve Zuvi êwkó¨ I Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i welq cieZ©xKv‡j wecyj Av‡jvPbv- e¨vL¨vi Drm n‡jI Zuvi Avw` Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ G me e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cÖkœ †`Lv †`qwb| hxï wQ‡jb GKRb gvbyl whwb wQ‡jb GKRb bex Ges GgbB GK e¨w³ whwb Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q †_‡K A‡bK wKQy jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| Zviv †Kvb cÖkœ QvovB Zuv‡K MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| hxïi K_vq ev c„w_ex‡Z Zuvi Ae¯’vbKvjxb Rxe‡b Ggb wKQy wQj bv hv‡Z G aviYvi †Kvb e¨Z¨q nq| AvwióvBWm (Aristides) Gi g‡Z, †Mvovi w`‡Ki L„óvbiv Bqvû`x‡ì PvB‡Z A‡bK †ewk cwigv‡Y G‡Kk¦iev`x wQj| GB wek¦¯— Abymvix P‡µi g‡a¨B Uvim‡mi cj ev †cŠj (Paul of Tursus) wePiY K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb KL‡bvB hxïi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡ibwb, wKsev hxïi Nwbô wkl¨‡ì Kv‡iv mv‡_B wZwb mswk−ó wQ‡jb bv| eis hxïi GKRb eo kÎ“ wn‡m‡eB wZwb cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb wó‡db (Stephen) Gi cÖwZ cv_i wb‡¶c mZK© `„wó‡Z cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQ‡jb| wó‡db wQ‡jb ag© I cweÎ AvZ¥vq, (Holy ghost) c~Y© wek¦vmx (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 6t 5) Ges †mB µgea©gvb msL¨K f³‡ì GKRb whwb hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci Zuvi Abymvix‡ì mv‡_ †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| c‡ji wb‡Ri wk¶K Rvgvwj‡qj wó‡db‡K i¶v Kivi †Póv Ki‡j Zv‡KI cv_i Quy‡o nZ¨v Kiv nq| Rvbv hvq †h cj, hv‡K ZLb mj (Saul) e‡j WvKv nZ, †m mgq Pv‡P©i wei“‡× cÖPÊ AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡bvi R‡b¨ `vqx wQ‡jb| wZwb wMR©v¸‡jv aŸsm K‡ib Ges N‡i N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i bvix I cyi“l‡ì †U‡b wnuP‡o †ei K‡i G‡b KvivMv‡i e›`x wn‡m‡e wb‡¶c K‡ib (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 8 : 1-3)| c‡ji wb‡Ri ¯^xKv‡ivw³ : ÒAvcbviv ï‡b‡Qb ......... wK cÖPÊ AZ¨vPvi Avwg Pvwj‡qwQ Ck¦‡ii Pv‡P©i Dci Ges †m¸‡jv‡K aŸsm K‡iwQÑ Avwg Avgvi ¯^‡`kxq A‡b‡Ki PvB‡Z Bqvû`x a‡g©i KvQ †_‡K jvfevb n‡qwQ, KviY Avwg Avgvi c~e©cyi“l‡ì PvB‡ZI A‡bK †ewk ag©vÜ|

(MvjvZxqvÝ (Galatians) 1 : 13-15)

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 73wek¦vmx †m Kvi‡Y Ck¦‡ii GKwU cyÎ _vKvi aviYvwU Zv‡ì Kv‡Q AZ¨š— N„Y¨ wQj| Gici cj `v‡gkK Z¨vM K‡ib| wZwb hxïi Ab¨vb¨ Abymvix‡ì mvnPh© mÜv‡bi cwie‡Z© Avi‡ei gi“f~wg‡Z Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb 3 eQi jywK‡q _v‡Kb| Lye m¤¢eZ G wbR©bev‡mB wZwb hxïi cÖPvwiZ wk¶vi wfwË‡Z wbR¯^ GKwU iƒc ˆZwii KvR ïi“ K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ wQj Bqvû`x AvBb cÖZ¨vL¨vb| hxï Zuvi Rxebe¨vcx GKRb AvPviwbô Bqvû`xB wQ‡jb Ges wZwb gymv Av. Gi wk¶v‡KB me©`v mgybœZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| wKš‘ cj G mZ¨‡K A¯^xKvi K‡ib| gi“f~wgi wbR©bevm †k‡l cj †Ri“hv‡j‡g ag© cÖPviK‡ì Kv‡Q AvMgb K‡ib| Zuvi AvKw¯§K AvMg‡bi NUbv we¯§q m„wói PvB‡Z m‡›`n m„wó K‡i †ewk| cj hxïi Abymvix‡ì cÖwZ †h wbh©vZb Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi ¯§„wZ ZLbI Zv‡ì g‡b RvMi“K wQj| GKwU wPZvevN wK Zvi kix‡ii `vM cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i? hxïi wkl¨‡ì c‡¶ cj‡K Zv‡ì g‡a¨ MÖnY Kivi †Kvb KviY wQj bv| wZwb †h Zv‡ì Dci wbh©vZb Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb ïay ZvB bq, wZwb Av‡iv `vwe K‡iwQ‡jb †h hxïi wk¶v m¤ú‡K© wZwb ÁvZ A_P wZwb Zuv‡K †Kvb w`b †`‡Lbwb I Zuvi mv‡_ KL‡bvB Ae¯’vb K‡ibwb| GgbwK hxïi Nwbô wkl¨‡ì mv‡_I wZwb KL‡bv _v‡Kbwb| hxïi RxweZKv‡j hviv Zuvi Nwbô mvnPh© †c‡qwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K wKQy Rvbv I †kLvi e`‡j cj Zv‡ì wk¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| cj c‡i MvjvZxq‡ì Kv‡Q †jLv Zvi wPwVc‡Î Zvi G c`‡¶‡ci †hŠw³KZv eY©bv K‡i e‡jb : fvBme, Avwg G g‡g© cÖZ¨qb KiwQ †h Avgvi Øviv cÖPvwiZ Mm‡cj †Kvb gbyl¨ iwPZ bq| Avwg †Kvb gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K GwU jvf Kwiwb wKsev †KD Avgv‡K GUv wk¶vI †`qwb, GwU nj hxïi cÖZ¨v‡`k †_‡K cÖvß| (MvjvZxq 1 : 10-12) Gfv‡eB cj hxïi mv‡_ wb‡Ri m¤ú„³Zvi `vwe K‡ib hv hxïi RxerKvwjb Nwbô Abymvixiv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb| cj Zv‡K †h wk¶v

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 75Rxeb hvcb ïi“ K‡i| ˆbwZKZvnxb Rxeb hvc‡b K¬vš— bMievmxiv Zv‡ì cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡q wfo Rgv‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wKš‘ AwaKvsk †jv‡Ki Kv‡QB Zviv wQj AeÁv I Dcnv‡mi cvÎ| Gme bMievmx Zv‡ì ÔL„óvbÕ e‡j WvKZ| mvgvb¨ wKQy †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q G kãwU wQj kÖ×ve¨vÄK, wKš‘ Abïv G kãwU‡K N„Yv I AeÁv KiZ| G mgq ch©š— hxïi Abymvixiv bvRvwiwb (Nazarene) bv‡gB cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wneªy G kãwUi g~j A_© Òi¶v Kiv ev ÔcÖniv †Ìqv|Õ G fv‡eB G we‡klYwU hxïi wk¶vi i¶K I AwffveK wnmv‡e Zv‡ì f~wgKvi Bw½Z enb KiwQj| jvB‡ewbqvm (Libanius) e‡j‡Qb †h Gw›UI‡Ki Bqvû`xiv w`‡b wZbevi cÖv_©bv KiZ, ÒbvRvwiwb‡ì Dci Ck¦‡ii Awfkvc †cÖiY Kiv|Ó Ab¨ GK HwZnvwmK cÖ‡dix (Prophery), whwb memgq bvRvwiwb‡ì we‡ivax wQ‡jb, wZwb Zv‡ì Rxeb c×wZ‡K Òee©i, bZzb I A™¢yZ ag©Ó e‡jb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| †mjmvm (Celsus) e‡jb, †R‡iv‡gi (Jerome) g‡Z L„óvb‡ì ÒMÖxK fÊ I cÖZviKÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡Zv| KviY MÖxK gw›`‡ii cy‡ivwnZiv †h Avj‡Lj−v cwiavb Ki‡Zb ZvivI †mB GKB MÖxK Avj‡Lj−v cwiavb Ki‡Zb| hxïi Abymvixiv G ai‡bi we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb nIqv m‡Ë¡I G A™¢yZ bevMZ‡ì Kv‡Q †jvKR‡bi Avmv hvIqv Ae¨vnZ wQj Ges Zv‡ì msL¨v µ‡gB e„w× cvw”Qj| Zv‡ì AvMÖn †`‡L DrmvwnZ n‡q Gw›UI‡Ki hxï Abymvix‡ì Pvicv‡ki †cŠËwjK Rb‡Mvôxi g†a¨ mZ¨ evYx I hxïi wk¶v cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ GKRb ag© cÖPviK‡K †cÖi‡Yi R‡b¨ †Ri“hv‡j‡g ag©cÖPviK‡ì Kv‡Q Lei †cÖiY K‡ib| hxïi wklïv G Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ evb©vevm‡KB me‡P‡q Dchy³ e¨w³ g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| Gfv‡e evb©vevm n‡jb L„óa‡g©i BwZnvm cÖ_g wgkbvwi ev ag© cÖPviK| evb©vevm Gw›UIK Mgb K‡ib Ges AKíbxq mvdj¨ jvf K‡ib| Zvi cÖ‡Póvq Òeû msL¨K †jvK hxïi cÖPvwiZ ag© MÖnY K‡iÓ (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©, 11 t14)| Gi KviY evb©vevm wQ‡jb GKRb mr †jvK Ges Ck¦i I cweÎ AvZ¥vq `„pfv‡e wek¦vmx| GK eQi ci wZwb wm×v‡š— †cuŠ‡Qb †h Gw›UI‡Ki

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 93 ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB, hxïi wk¶v †_‡K hviv m‡i G‡mwQj Zviv evB‡e‡ji cwieZ©b NUv‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z wQj, GgbwK Zv‡ì g‡Zi mg_©‡b wg_¨v e³e¨ ms‡hvRb Ki‡ZI Zviv wcQcv wQj bv| †UvjvÛ (Toland) Zvi (The Nazarenes) MÖ‡š’ Avw` G‡Kk¦iev`x knx`‡ì Ab¨Zg Bivwbqv‡mi (Iranius) Gi GZ`welqK fvlv D×„Z K‡i‡Qb t Òmij gvbyl I mZ¨ ag©MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© AÁ †jvK‡ì weåvš— Ki‡Z Zviv Ab¨vqfv‡e Zv‡ì Dci wb‡R‡ì iwPZ wg_¨v I Rvj ag©MÖ‡š’i †evSv Pvwc‡q w`‡q‡Q|Ó †UvjvÛ Av‡jv e‡jb : ÒAvgiv BwZg‡a¨B Rvwb †h L„óvb Pv‡P©i cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Kx cwigvY cÖZviYv N‡UwQj I ag© wek¦vm wb‡q wQwbwgwb †Ljv n‡qwQj| L„óvb PvP©¸‡jvB mKj Rvj I fyqv ag©MÖš’ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î AvMÖnx f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|...... hLb hvRKivB wQj ag©MÖ‡š’i GKgvÎ cÖwZwjwc iPbvKvix Ges fvj ev g›` mKj ag©MÖ‡š’i GKgvÎ †ndvRZKvix, †m mg‡qB e¨vcK gvÎvq G AcKg© msNwUZ nq| wKš‘ c‡i mg‡qi cvjv e`‡j L„óa‡g©i m~Pbv I cÖK…Z iƒc D×vi Kiv, KíKvwnwb †_‡K BwZnvm‡K A_ev åvwš— †_‡K mZ¨‡K wPwýZ Kiv cÖvq m¤ú~Y© Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o|.... †cÖwiZ‡ì AeëwnZ DËim~wiiv wK K‡i Zv‡ì ¸i“‡ì cÖK…Z wk¶v‡K Zv‡ì Dci Av‡ivwcZ wg_¨v wk¶v¸‡jvi mv‡_ Zvj‡Mvj cvwK‡q †dj‡jb? A_ev Zviv hw` G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© AÜKv‡iB _vK‡eb Zv n‡j †m¸‡jv GZ ZvovZvwo wK K‡i Zv‡ì Abymi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q AwaK ¸i“Z¡ jvf Kij? †`Lv hvq, G ai‡bi wg_¨v I Rvj ag©MÖš’¸‡jv wMR©vi cy‡ivwnZ‡ì ÔK¨vbwbKvjÕ (Canonical) MÖš’mg~‡ni mv‡_ cÖvqB mggh©v`vq ¯’vcb Kiv nZ Ges cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©š— meKwU MÖ‡š’B D×„Z nZ Hkx ag©MÖš’ wn‡m‡e A_ev †Kvb †Kvb mgq †hgbwU Avgiv †`wL, Zviv †m¸‡jv‡K Hkx wn‡m‡e A¯^xKvi KiZ| cÖkœ Kiv hvq, †Kb wK¬‡g›U Ae Av‡jKRvÛvi, Iwi‡Rb, UviUvwjqvb I G ai‡bi evwK †jLKMY KZ©…K LuvwU MÖš’ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ mKj MÖš’B mgfv‡e

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 94wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv? Ges †h me hvRK ev cy‡ivwnZ, hviv ïay G‡K A‡bï we‡ivwaZvB bq, Dc‡ivš—y GKB NUbv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì eY©bvi g‡a¨ cÖvqB ¯^wi‡ivwaZv cwijw¶Z nq, Zv‡ì mv‡¶ï e¨vcv‡iB ev KZUzKz ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv hv‡e? †UvjvÛ e‡jb †h, G me ÔfÊ cy‡ivwnZ I RvwjqvwZÕ m¤ú‡K© hLb cÖkœ †Zvjv nq ZLb Zviv hyw³ LÊb Kivi †P‡q cÖkœ DÌvcbKvix‡K ag©we‡ivax I AvZ¥‡MvcbKvix bvw¯—K e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wZwb e‡jb. Zv‡ì G AvPiY Zv‡ì cÖwZ mK‡ji Kv‡Q cÖZviK I RvwjqvZ wn‡m‡e m‡›`n m„wó K‡i, KviY gvbyl ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Zvi `ye©j ¯’v‡b AvNvZ jvM‡j wPwKrmv Ki‡e|....... hvi Kv‡Q cÖ‡kœi Reve Av‡Q †m µz× n‡e bv| .......... Ae‡k‡l †Uvjv‡Ûi cÖkœ : mKj PvP© HwZnvwmK me©m¤§Zfv‡e bvRvwiwb (Nazarenes) A_ev GweIbvBUm‡ì (Ebionites) L„óag© MÖnYKvix wn‡m‡e ¯xKvi K‡i wb‡q‡Qb, A_ev †mB Bqvû`xiv hviv Zuvi wb‡Ri †jvK wn‡m‡e L„‡ói Dci wek¦vm mn Zuvi RxweZ _vKv I Aš—a©v‡bi K_v wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, ZvivB Zuvi Kg©Kv‡Êi cÖZ¨¶`k©x wQ‡jb, Ges Zviv mevB Zvi a‡g©i cÖPviKvix wQ‡jb| G me welq we‡ePbv K‡i Avgvi e³e¨ †h Zv‡ì c‡¶ wK K‡i (hv‡ì mevB‡K cÖ_g ag©‡`ªvnx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ I A‡bK‡KB `wÊZ Kiv n‡qwQj) hxïi a‡g©i fyj e¨vL¨v ev Zv wb‡q Pµvš— Kiv m¤¢e? G KvRwU †mme MÖxK‡ì c‡¶ Kxfv‡e m¤¢e hviv hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci cÖPviKvix‡ì ga¨‡gB Zvi Abymvix n‡qwQj Ges Zuvi cÖK…Z mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© KL‡bvB AewnZ wQj bv| A_ev Ck¦i wek¦vmx Bqvû`xMY Qvov hLb Zv‡ì †Kvb Z_¨ Rvbvi †Kvb DcvqB wQj bv?11

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 95lô Aa¨vq

L„óa‡g©i Avw` GKZ¡ev`xMY L„óag© cÖPviK‡ì (†cÖwiZ‡ì, hxï I evb©vev‡mi Abymvixiv G bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jb) ga¨ †_‡K †ek wKQy msL¨K cwÊZ I m‡š—i Avwef©ve N‡UwQj| Zv‡ì ag©fw³ I Áv‡bi R‡b¨ Zviv GgbwK AvRI ewiZ I mgv „Z| Zv‡ì ag©MÖš’-¸‡jvi fvl¨ HwZnvwmK Ges Zv‡Z eZ©gvb †Muvov K¨v_wjK PvP© Gi cÖPwjZ evB‡e‡ji gZ g~j fv‡l¨ iƒcK AvKv‡i †Kvb A_© jywK‡q ivLv nqwb, eis †cÖwiZ bexi e¨³ evYxi mij A_© MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| evB‡e‡ji wKQy Ask‡K Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki PvB‡Z †ewk ¸i“Z¡ cÖ v‡bi wei“‡×I Zviv †mv”Pvi f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| Zuviv Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i Dci ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wÎZ¡ev‡ì mvgvb¨Zg mg_©b K‡i, Ggb gZev` cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuviv HwZnvwmK hxïi DciB †Rvi w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zuvi m¤ú‡K© K_v ejvi mgq ÔcyÎÕ kãwU cwinvi K‡iwQ‡jb| hxï †h fv‡e Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zb Ges †hgb AvPiY Ki‡Zb Zuviv wVK ZviB AbymiY Kivi †Póv Ki‡Zb| Zuv‡ì A‡b‡KB DËi Avwd«Kvq emevm Ki‡Zb| hxïi Gme Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© K‡qKRb m¤ú‡K© bx‡P D‡j −L Kiv nj: Bivwbqvm (Iranaeus) 130-200 L„.) Bivwbqv‡mi Rb¥Kv‡j hxïi cÖK…Z Abymvix ag© cÖPviK‡ì cÖPvwiZ L„óag© DËi Avwd«Kv I †¯úb Ges `w¶Y d«vÝ ch©š— cÖmvi jvf K‡iwQj| wjqu (Lyons)- Gi wekc cw_bv‡mi (Pothinus) c¶ †_‡K †iv‡g †cvc Gjy‡_iv‡gi Kv‡Q †cÖwiZ GK ìLv¯— cÖm‡½ Bivwbqvm m¤ú‡K© cÖ_g D‡j −L cvIqv hvq| G ìLv‡ — cjxq Pv‡P©i ag©g‡Zi mv‡_ GKgZ bq Ggb L„óvb‡ì Dci wbcxob e‡Üi R‡b¨ †cv‡ci Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvbv‡bv nq| BivwbqvmB G ìLv — enb K‡i wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb †iv‡g

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 96_vKv Ae¯’vqB ïb‡Z cvb †h mKj wfbœ gZvej¤^x L„óvbmn wekc cw_bvm‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| †ivg †_‡K †divi ci wZwb wjqui wekc wn‡m‡e cw_bv‡mi ’jvwfwl³ nb| 190 L„. Bivwbqvm wb‡RB ïaygvÎ ag©xq wfbœg‡Zi Kvi‡Y L„óvb‡ì MYnZ¨v eÜ Kivi R‡b¨ †cvc wf±i‡K Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q cÎ †j‡Lb| wKš‘ GKB NUbvi cybive„wË N‡U Ges wZwb wb‡RB 200 L„. wbnZ nb| G fv‡e L„óa‡g©i R‡b¨ Bivwbqv‡mi Rxeb DrmwM©Z nq| Bivwbqvm GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Ges hxïi gvbweKZvi g‡Zi mg_©K wQ‡jb| wZwb L„óa‡g© †cŠËwjK ag© c†Uvbxq `k©b cÖweó Kivi R‡b¨ cj‡K `vqx K‡i Zvi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| Bivwbqvm Zvi †jLvq evb©vevm‡i Mm‡c‡ji e¨vcK D×„wZ w`‡Zb| Zvi †jLv c‡oB d«v gvwi‡bv D³ Mm‡c‡ji e¨vcv‡i AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb Ges Zuvi cwiYwZ‡ZB wZwb †cv‡ci jvB‡eªwi‡Z evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji BZvjxq cvÊywjwc Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| UviUvwjqvb (Tertullian) (160-220L„.) UviUvwjqvb Avwd«Kvb Pv‡P©i Abymvix wQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb Kv‡_©‡Ri Awaevmx| wZwb Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡ wek¦vmx wQ‡jb Ges Bqvû`x †gwmqvn‡K hxï wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡ib| AvbykvmwbK AbyZvc cÖKv‡ki ci Mwn©Z cv‡ci cÖvqwðË nq e‡j †cvc K¨vwjmUvm †h weavb Rvwi K‡ib, wZwb Zvi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| wZwb Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i Dci †Rvi †`b| UviUvwjqvb wj‡LwQ‡jb : ÒmvaviY gvbyl hxï‡K GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡eB fv‡e|Ó wZwbB cÖ_g j¨vwUb fvlvq MxR©v m¤úwK©Z iPbvq wÎZ¡ev‡ì bZzb A™¢yZ ag©gZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q ÔwÎZ¡ev`Õ kãwU eënvi K‡ib| AbycÖvwYZ ag©MÖš’ ‡jv‡Z GK mgq G kãwU eënviB Kiv nqwb|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 97 Awi‡Rb (Origen) (185-245 L„.) Awi‡Rb Rb¥m~‡Î wgkixq wQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ wZwb Av‡jKRvw› ªqvi Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv w_IwbWvm GKwU wk¶v‡K› ª cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges weL¨vZ ag©ZË¡we` wK¬‡g›U‡K Gi cÖavb wb‡qvM K‡ib| Awi‡Rb GLv‡bB wk¶v jvf K‡ib| wjIwbWvm L„óag© cÖPviK‡ì cÖPvwiZ a‡g©i Abymvix wQ‡jb| cjxq PvP© Zvi ag© wek¦vm Aby‡gv`b K‡iwb| KviY wZwb c‡ji ag©xq e¨vL¨v I bZzb ms‡hvRb †g‡b wb‡Z A ^xK…wZ Rvbvb| 208 L„. wjIwbWvm‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| Awi‡Rb GB gg©š‘ NUbvq GZUv wePwjZ nb †h wZwb L„óa‡g©i R‡b¨ wb‡Ri Rxeb DrmM© Ki‡Z Z_v knx` n‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi gv‡qi evavi Kvi‡Y Zv m¤¢e nqwb| wb‡Ri Rxeb wecbœ †`‡L Awi‡R‡bi wk¶K wK¬‡g›U Av‡jKRvw› ªqv †_‡K cjvqb K‡ib| wcZv wbnZ, wk¶K cjvZK| †mB k¼vRbK cwiw ’wZ‡Z Awi‡Rb wb‡RI wec`vcbœ n‡q c‡ob| wKš‘ wcZvi cÖwZwôZ we`¨vj‡qi bqv cÖavb wn‡m‡e wZwb kxNªB Ávb I Aaëmv‡qi Kvi‡Y L¨vwZgvb n‡q I‡Vb| Zvi Ck¦ifw³ I AwZwi³ ag©cÖxwZ Zvi Rb¨ y‡f©v‡Mi KviY nq| gw_i 19t 12 †k−v‡K ejv n‡q‡Q :

wKQy bcysmK gvbyl Av‡Q hviv gvZ… Mf© †_‡K bcysmK wkïi gZB Rb¥ †bq Ges wKQy gvbyl Av‡Q hv‡ì bcysmK Kiv nq Ges Ggb wKQy gvbyl Av‡Q hviv ci†jŠwKK mydj jv‡fi R‡b¨ wb‡R‡ì‡K bcysmK K‡i †bq| †h Zv Ki‡Z m¶g, Zv‡K Zv Ki‡Z `vI|

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 117K‡i, Zvnviv nj `my , wb‡R‡ì Av —vbvq Zviv w`b ivZ L„ó‡K Awfkvc †`q... Zviv kn‡ii PwiÎnxb Zi“Yx igYx‡ì gva¨‡g †jvKRb‡K ag©vš—wiZ K‡i|Ó15 G ai‡bi wnsmª I AcgvbKi fvlv eënvi †_‡K m‡›`n m„wó nq †h wekc Av‡jKRvÛvi Zvi wb‡Ri ag©g‡Zi ye©jZvi e¨vcv‡i Aek¨B m‡PZb wQ‡jb| BD‡mweqvm wekc Av‡jKRvÊv‡ii g‡bvfv‡e AZ¨š— Amš‘ó nb| wZwb c~e©vÂjxq wekc‡ì GK mfv AvnŸvbc~e©K Zv‡ì Kv‡Q m¤ú~Y© welqwU DÌvcb K‡ib| G mgv‡e‡ki dj wQj GKwU cÎ hv c~e© I cwð‡gi mKj wek‡ci Kv‡Q †cÖiY Kiv nq| c‡Î Zv‡ì‡K Avwiqvm‡K Pv‡P© wdwi‡q wb‡Z Av‡jKRvÛvi‡K ivwR Kiv‡Z Aby‡iva Rvbv‡bv nq| wKš‘ Av‡jKRvÛvi Avwiqv‡mi c~Y© AvZ¥mgc©Y PvB‡jb| Avwiqvm wdwjw —‡b wd‡i Av‡mb I Zvi Abymvix‡ì wb‡q cÖv_©bv mgv‡ek Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Av‡jKRvÛvi ZLb ÒZvi K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i mn‡hvMx Kg©x‡ìÓ Kv‡Q `xN© GK cÎ †j‡Lb hv‡Z Avwiqv‡mi cybivq mgv‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Av‡jKRvÛvi G c‡Î BD‡mweqv‡mi bvg D‡jL K‡i Zv‡K Awfhy³ K‡ib G e‡j †h, ÒwZwb g‡b K‡ib †h Zvi m¤§wZi DciB Pv‡P©i Kj¨vY wbf©i K‡i|Ó16 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, BD‡mweqvm Avwiqvm‡K mg_©b K‡ib, Avi Zv ïay wZwb †h Avwiqv‡mi gZev‡` wek¦vm K‡ib †m R‡b¨B bq, Gi wcQ‡b i‡q‡Q Zvi wbR ^ D”PvKv•LvRwbZ ^v_©| Gfv‡e hvRK‡ì ga¨Kvi we‡iva cÖvP¨ I cvðv‡Zï wekc‡ì g‡a¨ e¨w³MZ we‡iv‡ai iƒc MÖnY K‡i| G welqwU wb‡q wekc‡ì ch©vq †_‡K mvaviY gvby‡li g‡aÏ wewfbœ cÖkœ Qwo‡q c‡o| bvBwmqvi †MÖMix (Gregory of Nyssea) wj‡L‡Qb :

iv —v-NvU, evRvi, gy ªv eëmvqx‡ì †`vKvb, Lvevi †`vKvbmn Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡ji me©ÎB Zv‡ì wb‡q Av‡jvPbv PjwQj|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 118GKRb †`vKvwb‡K hw` wRÁvmv Kiv nq †h AgyK wRwb‡mi g~j¨ KZ, †m Zvi Reve †`q D™¢‚Z mËv I D™¢‚Z bq Ggb mËv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z †P‡q| i“wUIqvjvi Kv‡Q i“wUi `vg Rvb‡Z PvB‡j †m e‡j, ÒcyÎ Zvi wcZvi ev›`vÓ; PvKi‡K hw` wRÁvmv Kiv hvq †h †MvmjLvbv ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv, †m Reve †`q: ÒcyÎ †Kvb wKQy †_‡K D™¢‚Z nqwb|Ó K¨v_wjKiv †NvlYv K‡i‡Q, ÒRb¥jvfKvixB †kÖôÓ Ges Avwiqvmiv ej‡Q : ÒwZwbB †kÖô whwb Rb¥`vb K‡i‡Qb|Ó17

†jv‡K igYx‡ì Kv‡Q wRÁvmv KiZ †h †Kvb cyÎ Rb¥MÖnY Kivi Av‡M Zvi Aw¯—Z¡ _vK‡Z cv‡i wK? hvRK gn‡ji D”P ch©v‡qI G weZK© wQj mgvbfv‡e DËß I wZ³| Rvbv hvq †h ÒcÖwZwU kn‡iB wekciv wekc‡ì mv‡_ GK u‡q we‡iv‡a wjß wQj| RbmvaviY wQj Rbmvavi‡Yi wec‡¶... Ges Zviv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ mwnsm msN‡l© wjß n‡qwQj|18 mgªvU KbóvbUvBb welqwU AewnZ wQ‡jb| NUbvejx µgkB AebwZi w`‡K hvw”Qj| wZwb n —‡¶c Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jb Ges Av‡jKRvÛvi I Avwiqvm Df‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU cÎ †cÖiY Ki‡jb| G‡Z wZwb ej‡jb †h ag©xq gZvg‡Zi HK¨ wZwb GKvš—fv‡e Kvgbv K‡ib †h‡nZz mvgªv‡R¨ kvwš—i R‡b¨ †mUvB nj m‡e©vËg M¨vivw›U| DËi Avwd«Kvi NUbvejx‡Z Mfxifv‡e nZvk n‡q wZwb ÒcÖv‡Pï ü`‡qiÓ (Bosom of East) KvQ †_‡K DËg wKQy Avkv Ki‡jb †hLv‡b ÒHk¦wiK Av‡jvi cÖfv‡ZiÓ (Dawn of Divine light) D`q N‡UwQj| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :

wKš‘ nvq †MŠiegq I cweÎ Ck¦i! ïay Avgvi Kvb bq, Avgvi ü`qI ¶Z- we¶Z, hLb Avwg ïb‡Z †cjvg †h Avcbvi g‡a¨ †h we‡iva I `jv`wj we`¨gvb Zv Ggb wK Avwd«Kvi PvB‡ZI gvivZ¥K; myZivs Avcbviv, hv‡ì Avwg Ab¨‡ì we‡iva wbim‡bi „óvš— wn‡m‡e Avkv Kwi, Zv‡ì †P‡q Av‡iv

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 119Lvivc nIqvi Av‡MB Gi cÖwZKvi nIqv cÖ‡qvRb Ges GL‡bv, GB Av‡jvPbvi g~j KviY m¤ú‡K© mZK© AbymÜvb Kivi ci Avwg †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ †h Zv G‡Kev‡iB Zvrch©nxb Ges G ai‡bi weev‡ì †¶‡Î m¤ú~Y© hyw³nxb| .... Avgvi Abygvb †h eZ©gvb weZ‡K©i DrcwË N‡U‡Q Gfv‡e : hLb Avcwb, Av‡jKRvÛvi, cÖwZwU hvRK‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jb †h cweÎ MÖ‡š’i KwZcq Ask m¤ú‡K© wZwb Kx fv‡eb A_ev wZwb GKwU A_©nxb †evKvwgc~Y© cÖ‡kœi GKwU we‡kl w`K m¤ú‡K© Kx wPš—v K‡ib; Ges Avcwb, Avwiqvm, h_vh_ we‡ePbv QvovB Avcwb Ggb me K_v ej‡jb hv KL‡bv cÖKvkB cvqwb A_ev †c‡jI bxi‡eB Zvi wejywß N‡U‡Q, Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ wfbœgZ †`Lv w`j| †hvMv‡hvM wQbœ nj Ges AwaKvsk †jvK yÕfv‡M wef³ n‡q †Mj, Zviv Avi Awfbœ wn‡m‡e HKë× iBj bv|

Gi mgªvU Zv‡ì Dfq‡KB Aevš—i cÖkœ I nVKvix Reve we¯§„Z nIqvi mwbe©Ü Aby‡iva Rvbvb : welqwU Av`‡Z KL‡bvB DwÌZ nIqvi †hvM¨ wQj bv, wKš‘ Ajm †jvK‡ì Kivi gZ eû AcKg© _v‡K Ges Ajm gw —®‹¸‡jv G wPš—vB K‡i| Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ †h gZcv_©K¨ ev we‡iva Zv cweÎ MÖš’wfwËK †Kvb hvR‡Ki ag©gZ bq wKsev Zv bqv cÖewZ©Z †Kvb gZev‡ì Kvi‡Y bq| Avcbviv Df‡qB GKB cÖKvi Ges Awfbœ gZ †cvlY K‡ib| myZivs Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ cybwg©jb mn‡RB m¤¢e| mgªvU G c‡Î †cŠËwjK `vk©wbK‡ì D`vniY †`b hviv GKB cÖKvi wek` mvaviY bxwZgvjv avi‡Yi †¶‡Î gZcv_©K¨ †cvl‡Y m¤§Z n‡qwQ‡jb| †m‡¶‡Î, wZwb cÖkœ K‡ib, wbQK Zz”Q I †gŠwLK gZcv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y L„óvb fvB‡ì G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ kÎ“i gZ AvPiY Kiv wK wVK? Zuvi g‡Z, G ai‡bi AvPiY :

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 120 i“wPnxb, wkïm~jf I e`‡gRvwR I yf©vMv Ck¦‡ii hvRKMY Ges †eva m¤úbœ e¨w³MY... GUv nj kqZv‡bi Qjbv I cÖ‡jvfb| G e¨vcv‡i Avmyb Avgiv wKQy Kwi| Avgiv mevB hw` mKj wel‡q GK iKg fve‡Z bvI cvwi, Aš—Z eo welq¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv HKë× n‡Z cvwi| cweÎ Hk¦wiK mËv cÖm‡½ Avmyb mevB GKB wek¦vm GK Dcjwä †cvlY Ges Ck¦i cÖm‡½ GK I Awfbœ gZ Aej¤^b Kwi| c‡Î G e‡j Dcmsnvi Uvbv nq : hw` Zv bv nq, Zvn‡j Avgvi †mB kvwš—c~Y© I mgm¨vgy³ ivZ¸‡jv wdwi‡q w`b hv‡Z Avwg Avgvi Avb›` Ges kvwš—c~Y© Rxe‡bi Drdzj−Zv jvf Ki‡Z cvwi| Zv hw` bv nq Zvn‡j Avwg Aek¨B hš¿Yv KvZi I AkÖ“wm³ ne Ges g„Zz ch©š— Avwg †Kvb kvwš— cve bv| †hLv‡b Ck¦i †cÖgxMY, Avgvi mnKg©x †meKMY G ai‡bi †eAvBwb I ¶wZKi weZ‡K© wjß †mLv‡b Avwg Kxfv‡e g‡b kvwš— cve?19 G cÎ ïay L„óag© m¤ú‡K©B bq, Ab¨vb¨ ag© m¤ú‡K©I mgªv‡Ui Pig AÁZvi cwiPq enb K‡i †h‡nZz wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb †h GKRb gvbyl †h fv‡e Lywk Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbv Ki“K A_ev Ck¦i wb‡`©wkZ cš’vqB Dcvmbv Ki“K, Zv GKB e¨vcvi| Kvh©Z Zvi Kv‡Q Av‡jKRvÛvi I Avwiqv‡mi ga¨Kvi we‡iva wQj †bnv‡qZB †gŠwLK weev` A_ev GK Zvrch©nxb Ges AcÖ‡qvRbxq Zz”Q welq| G `yÕR‡bi ga¨Kvi we‡iva‡K wbQK Zz”Q e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv †_‡K †evSv hvq †h KbóvbUvBb Rvb‡Zb bv †h wZwb †Kvb wel‡q K_v ej‡Qb| GKw`‡K GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Ab¨ w`‡K wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm Gi g‡a¨ Zvi `„wó‡Z †gŠwjK †Kvb we‡iva wQj bv| cÎ †_‡K †`Lv hvq, KbóvbUvBb ev —e mZ¨ wb‡q bq, Zvi g‡bi kvwš—i e¨vcv‡iB †ewk DwØMœ wQ‡jb| myZivs Zvi c‡Î †h †Kvb dj nqwb, Zv‡Z we¯§‡qi wKQy †bB| K‡ ©vevi †nvwmqvm G cÎ

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 121Av‡jKRvw› ªqvq e‡q wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| Aí K‡qKw`b Ae ’v‡bi ci wZwb Zvi wgk‡bi e¨_©Zv m¤ú‡K© mgªvU‡K ÁvZ Kivi R‡b¨ k~b¨ nv‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb| GKw`‡K hLb Gme NUbv N‡U P‡jwQj, Ab¨w`‡K KbóvbUvBb Zvi fMœxcwZ wjwmbv‡mi (Licinus) mv‡_ hy× †¶‡Î jovB KiwQ‡jb| hy‡× wjwmbvm wbnZ nb| wjwmbvm wQ‡jb Avwiqv‡mi mg_©K| myZivs Zvi g„Zz i d‡j mgªv‡Ui ìev‡i Avwiqv‡mi Ae¯’vb Av‡iv `ye©j n‡q c‡o| hv †nvK, KbóvbUvBb Dcjwä Ki‡jb †h, GKwU hy‡× Rqjvf Ki‡jI kvwš— nviv‡bv m¤¢e| †nvwmqv‡mi (Hosius) wgk‡bi e¨_©Zvi ci cÖv‡Pï cwiw ’wZ †Mvj‡hvMc~Y© n‡q c‡owQj| Avwiqv‡mi evYx I hyw³i cwiYwZ nj Av‡jKRvw› ªqvq i³cvZ| mvgªv‡Rï c~e©vÂj ev cÖv‡Pï me©Î Am‡š—vl Qwo‡q c‡o| BwZc~‡e©B DËi Avwd«Kvq wek„•Ljv I †Mvj‡hvM wQj| G ch©v‡q mgªvU Dcjwä K‡ib †h Zvi cjxq Pv‡P©i eÜzMY Zvi †Kvb mgm¨vB wgwU‡q †Ìqvi gZ kw³kvjx bq| DËi Avwd«Kvi wel‡q Zvi AwfÁZv †_‡K wZwb wk¶v jvf K‡iwQ‡jb Zv nj : cÖKv‡k¨ †Kvb c¶ mg_©b Kiv Zvi DwPZ bq| ZvB wZwb AvnŸvb Kivi wm×vš— †bb| GKRb †cŠËwjK wn‡m‡e Zvi Ae ’vb Zv‡K GK weivU my‡hvM G‡b w`‡qwQj| †h‡nZz wZwb weev`gvb †Kvb m¤úÖ v‡qiB Abymvix bb, †m Kvi‡Y wZwb GKRb wbi‡c¶ wePviK n‡Z cvi‡eb| Zvi aviYv nj, Gi d‡j ZLb ch©š— wekciv †h mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb wQ‡jb, Zv wbimb n‡e| KviY G ai‡bi GKwU wel‡qi wb®úwËKvix wn‡m‡e GKRb L„óv‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡i welqwU †g‡b †bqv Zv‡ì c‡¶ m¤¢e wQj bv| KbóvbUvB‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ wekc‡ì G mfvwU AvR KvDwÝj Ae wbwmqv (Council of Nicea) wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| mfvi R‡b¨ Avgš¿Y wjwc †cÖiY Kiv nj| KbóvbUvBb ivRKxq †KvlvMvi †_‡K Gi mKj e¨q fvi enb K‡ib|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 122yÕwee`gvb c‡¶ †bZ…e„›` Qvov Ab¨ hv‡ì Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv nj

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e¨w³ wQ‡jb| hvi d‡j mgKvjxb HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡a¨ Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i wKQyUv weåvwš—i m„wó n‡qwQj| wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqvm Avwiqv‡mi AwePj mg_©b wQ‡jb| Avwiqv‡mi Abymvixiv Zv‡K ÒgnvbÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| Zvi A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv wQj| wZwb cÖ_‡g êi“‡Zi wekc wQ‡jb, c‡i wb‡Kv‡gwWqvq e`wj nb| wb‡Kv‡gwWqv ZLb cÖv‡Pï ivRavbx wQj| mgªv‡Ui fMœxcwZ I cÖwZØ›Øx wjwmbvm Zvi GKRb fvj eÜz wQ‡jb| d‡j mgªv‡Ui †evb KbóvbwUbvi (Constantina) Dci Zvi e¨vcK cÖfve wQj|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 123wjwmbvm mgªv‡Ui mv‡_ jovB‡q wjß nb| Ges cÖvY nvivb| ^vgxi g„Zz i ci KbóvbwUbv emev‡mi R‡b¨ ivR cÖmv‡` P‡j hvb| Gfv‡e KbóvbwUbvi gva¨‡g I ivR cwiev‡ii mv‡_ Zvi ~i m¤úK©xq AvZ¥xqZvi Kvi‡Y ivRìev‡i Zvi fvj cÖfve wQj Ges Zv KL‡bvB Le© nqwb| ïay Zvi cÖfv‡eB mgªvU KbóvbUvBb Avwiqv‡mi Pv‡P© L„óag© MÖnY K‡ib Ges †kl ch©š— G‡Kk¦iev‡` wek¦vmx n‡qB g„Zz eiY K‡ib| G_vbvwmqvm (Athanasius): eq‡m Zi“Y GB e¨w³wU wÎZ¡ev‡ì GK KÆi mg_©K wQ‡jb| eva©‡K¨ DcbxZ I Avwiqvm KZ©…K eûevi wech© — Av‡jKRvÛvi wbwmqvi mfvq wb‡R hvIqvi cwie‡Z© cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e G_vbvwmqvm‡K †cÖi‡Yi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib| †nvwmqvm (Hosius) †nvwmqvm wQ‡jb mgªv‡Ui cÖavb mfvm`| Zvi ¸i“Z¡ wQj GLv‡b †h wZwb cvðv‡Z¨ cjxq Pv‡P©i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Zb †hLv‡b mgªv‡Ui cÖfve wQj `ye©jZvi| †nvwmqvm GKRb ag©xq cwÊZ wn‡m‡e ^xK…Z wQ‡jb| BwZnv‡m wZwb Ôgvbbxq cÖexY e¨w³Õ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb hv‡K G_vbvwmqvm ÔcweÎÕ (Holy) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| D”P PwiÎ e‡ji R‡b¨ wZwb mK‡ji Kv‡Q mycwiwPZ wQ‡jb| mgªv‡Ui mv‡_ NwbôZvi Kvi‡Y Zvi ¸i“Z¡ e„w× †c‡qwQj| Dc‡iv³ K‡qKRb QvovI KvDwÝ‡j Ggb me e¨w³ wQ‡jb hviv ag©wbôvi R‡b¨ L¨vwZgvb n‡jI Áv‡bi R‡b¨ L¨vwZgvb wQ‡jb bv| Zv‡ì ü`q cweÎ _vK‡jI gy‡Li fvlv memgq cwikxwjZ wQj bv|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 124w¯úwi‡Wg (Spiridem) w¯úwi‡Wg wQ‡jb GKRb AgvwR©Z I mijgbv hvRK| wZwb wQ‡jb †m me Awkw¶Z wekc‡ìB GKRb hviv H mgq wQ‡jb PvP©¸‡jv‡Z msL¨vMwiô| Zvi cÖwZ Mfxifv‡e „wó w`‡j wZwb Kx ai‡bi gvbyl wQ‡jb Zv eySvi †¶‡Î mnvqK n‡e| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb †gl cvjK| wbcxob- wbh©vZb m‡Ë¡I wZwb Zvi wek¦v‡m AUj wQ‡jb| a‡g©i ivRbxwZi e¨vcv‡i Zvi Ávb wQj fvlv| Zvi cÖwZ wewfbœ A‡jŠwKK NUbv Av‡ivwcZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y wZwb wekc wbhy³ nb| wekc nIqvi ciI Zvi mvaviY I †Mu‡qv †ek-f~lvi cwieZ©b nqwb| wZwb me mgq cèª‡R Pj‡Zb| cjxq Pv‡P©i Ab¨vb¨ ÔivRcyÎMYÕ Zv‡K cQ›` Ki‡Zb bv| Zv‡ì D‡ØM wQj †h wZwb h_vmg‡q mfvi Awa‡ek‡b †hvM w`‡Z wbwmqv †cuŠQ‡Z cvi‡eb wKbv| w¯úwi‡Wg hLb mgªv‡Ui KvQ †_‡K Avgš¿Y cÎ †c‡jb, wZwb Dcjwä Ki‡jb wZwb hw` h_vmg‡q †cuŠQ‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j Zv‡K L”P‡ii wc‡V mIqvi n‡q mdi Ki‡Z n‡e| wZwb Ab¨vb¨ wekc‡ì gZ `jej bv wb‡q GKRb gvÎ cwiPviK m‡½ wb‡q hvÎv Ki‡jb| Zviv yÕwU LP‡i P‡o mdi KiwQ‡jb| GKwU is wQj mv`v, Ab¨wUi is wQj mv`v I Kv‡jvq wgkv‡bv| GK iv‡Z Zviv GKwU mivBLvbvq AvkÖq †bb| G mgq †mLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ wekcivI †cuŠ‡Qb hviv wbwð‡š— wQ‡jb bv †h w¯úwi‡Wg mfvi Av‡jvPbvq Ask MÖn‡Yi R‡b¨ Av‡`Š †hvM¨ wKbv| ciw`b †fv‡i w¯úwi‡Wg hLb wb ªvq we‡fvi, Zviv yÕwU L”Pi‡K nZ¨vK‡i mivBLvbv Z¨vM K‡ib| w¯úwi‡Wg Nyg †_‡K

†R‡M L”Pi¸‡jv‡K Avnvi Kwi‡q †m¸‡jvi wc‡V wRb Pvcv‡Z cwiPviK‡K wb‡`©k w`‡jb| †m L”Pi¸‡jv‡K g„Z Ae ’vq †`L‡Z †c‡q w¯úwi‡Wg‡K †mB ytmsev` w`j| wekcMY L”Pi yÕwUi g —K †`n †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †d‡jwQ‡jb| wZwb cwiPviK‡K cÖwZwU L”P‡ii †`‡ni Kv‡Q †m ¸‡jvi KwZ©Z gv_v G‡b ivL‡Z ej‡jb| †m AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ fyj K‡i GK L”P‡ii gv_v Ab¨wUi Kv‡Q wb‡q ivLj| †hBgvÎ †m gv_v¸‡jv L”Pi¸‡jvi †`‡ni Kv‡Q ivLj, mv‡_ mv‡_ †m¸‡jv Rxeb

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 125jvf K‡i D‡V ùvovj| Zviv Zv‡ì hvÎv Avevi ïi“ Ki‡jb| wKQy mgq ciB Zviv †mB wekc‡ì `j‡K AwZµg Ki‡jb hviv †f‡ewQj †h Zviv w¯úwi‡Wg‡K h‡_ó wcQ‡b †d‡j Avm‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q Ges wZwb h_v mg‡q wbwmqv †cuŠQ‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Zv‡ì we¯§q Pi‡g †cuŠQvj hLb Zviv †`Lj †h mv`v L”PiwUi gv_v mv`v Kv‡jv is Ab¨w`‡K mv`v Kv‡jv i‡Oi L”PiwUi gv_v mv`v|20 cvUvgb (Patamon) wZwb GKRb mbœ vmx wQ‡jb| Iwmqvm (Ocsius) wZwb ïay Zvi AvPviwbôZvi Kvi‡Y L¨vwZ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| wb‡Kvjv‡mi gvBRvi (Myser of Nicholas) Zvi bvgwU BwZnv‡m ’vb jvf K‡i‡Q we‡klZ Pv‡P©i HwZnvwmKM‡Yi Ki‡Y, †h‡nZz Avwiqvm hLb K_v ejwQ‡jb, wZwb ZLb Zvi Kv‡b Nywm †g‡iwQ‡jb| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, wbwmqvi (wbwKI) cwil` †ewki fvM †mme wekc‡ì wb‡qB MwVZ n‡qwQj hviv GKvš— ag©wbô wQ‡jb, wKš‘ g~j wel‡q ch©vß eyw×e„wËK Ávb Zv‡ì wQj bv| G mKj †jvK‡K nVvr K‡i †mKv‡ji MÖxK `k©‡bi PUc‡U I AZ¨š— Ávbx e¨vL¨vZv‡ì gy‡LvgywL Kiv n‡qwQj| Zv‡ì cÖKvk fw½ wQj Ggb †h Kx ejv n‡”Q Zvi Zvrch© ey‡S IVv Gme wek‡ci c‡¶ m¤¢e wQj bv| Zviv Zv‡ì Áv‡bi hyw³c~Y© e¨vL¨v w`‡Z AcivM n‡q A_ev Zv‡ì we‡ivax‡ì mv‡_ weZ‡K© A¶g n‡q Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì wek¦v‡m w ’Z n‡q Pzc K‡i _vKv A_ev mgªv‡Ui wm×v‡š—i mv‡_ GKgZ nIqv Qvov Zv‡ì Avi wKQy Kivi wQj bv| mfv ïi“ nIqvi K‡qKw`b Av‡MB mKj cÖwZwbwa wbwmqv †cuv‡Qb| Zviv †QvU †QvU `‡j R‡ov n‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Avmbœ

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 126mfvi welq wb‡q cÖKv‡k¨ weZK© nZ| Gme mgv‡e‡k, hv mvaviYZ wRgbvwmqvg ev †Lvjv AvKv‡ki bx‡P AbywôZ nZ, MÖxK `vk©wbKMY Zv‡ì hyw³i evY Quy‡o w`‡Zb Ges e¨½¨ we ªƒc Ki‡Zb Z‡e Zv AvMZ cÖwZwbwa‡ì weåvš— KiZ bv| Ae‡k‡l wbw ©ó w`bwU Gj| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB mfvq Dcw ’Z n‡jb| mgªvU mfv D‡Øvab Ki‡eb| cÖvmv‡ì GKwU wekvj K¶ mfvi R‡b¨ wba©viY Kiv nq| K‡¶i gvSLv‡b †Uwe‡j †mKv‡ji mKj ÁvZ Mm‡c‡ji Kwc mg~n ivLv n‡q wQj| †m¸‡jvi msL¨v wQj cÖvq 3kÕ| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki „wó wbe× wQj PgrKvi mv‡R mw¾Z Kv‡Vi ˆZwi ivRwmsnvm‡bi w`‡K| wmsnvmbwU ’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj ci¯ú‡ii w`‡K gyL K‡i mwbœweó yÕmvwi Avm‡bi g‡a¨, K‡¶i DuPz n‡q D‡V hvIqv w`‡Ki †kl cÖv‡š—| gv‡S gv‡S `~ivMZ wgwQ‡ji kã †ivj Qvov K‡¶i g‡a¨ Mfxi bxieZv weivR KiwQj| wgwQjwU cÖvmv‡ì w`‡KB AMÖmi nw”Qj| G mgq ivRìev‡ii Kg©KZ©viv G‡K G‡K Avm‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb| †kl gyn‚‡Z© †Kvb †NvlYv QvovB mgªvU G‡m nvwRi n‡jb| mfvq AvMZ mg‡eZ cÖwZwbwaiv D‡V uvov‡jb Ges cÖ_gev‡ii gZ Zviv mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi cÖwZ

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 128KviY evB‡e‡j †jLv Av‡Q †h, ÒmKj wKQyB Ck¦i †_‡K|Ó21 G hyw³ eënvi Kiv n‡j mKj m„wóiB Ck¦iZ¡ cÖgvwYZ nq| cjxq wekcMY ZLb hyw³ DÌvcb K‡ib †h hxï ïay ÔCk¦i n‡ZÕ bb, ÔCk¦‡ii mËv †_‡KI|Õ G hyw³ mKj mbvZbcš’x L„óv‡bi we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb nq| Zviv e‡jb, evB‡e‡j G ai‡bi †Kvb K_vB †bB| Gfv‡e hxï‡K Ck¦i cÖwZcbœ Kivi †Póv L„óvb‡ì HKë× Kivi cwie‡Z© Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡iv wefw³ m„wó K‡i| †ec‡ivqv n‡q wÎZ¡ev`xiv ZLb hyw³ cÖ k©b K‡i †h evB‡e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q †h Òhxï n‡jb wcZv I mZ¨ Ck¦‡ii wPiš—b fveg~wZ©|Ó22 Avwiqvm cš’xiv Zvi Rev‡e e‡jb, evB‡e‡j GK_vI ejv n‡q‡Q †h ÒAvgiv gvbeMY Ck¦‡ii fveg~wZ© I †MŠie|Ó23 hv †nvK, G hyw³ hw` M„nxZ nq Zvn‡j cÖgvwYZ nq ïay hxïB bq, mKj gvbylB Hk¦wiK e‡j `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i| mfvK‡¶B ïay bq, ivRcÖvmv‡ì g‡aÏ Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Z _v‡K| mgªv‡Ui gvZv †n‡jbv cjxq PvP©‡K mg_©b K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb ivRbxwZ wekvi`, Zvi i‡³ wQj kvmK †Mvôxi aviv cÖevn gvb| Ab¨w`‡K mgªv‡Ui †evb KbóvbwUbv wQ‡jb GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx| wZwb Avwiqvm‡K mg_©b Ki‡Zb| Zvi g‡Z Avwiqvm hxïi wk¶vi Abymvix wQ‡jb| wZwb ivRbxwZ N„Yv Ki‡Zb Ges Ck¦i‡K fvj evm‡Zb I fq Ki‡Zb| weZK© ivR ìev‡iI Qwo‡q c‡o| mfvq hvi ïi“ n‡qwQj Zv ivR cÖvmv` ch©š— m¤úÖmvwiZ nq Ges Zv‡Z ivRcyi“l I cÖvmv‡ì cvPKMYI GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| my‡KŠk‡j mgªvU `yÕc¶ †_‡K ~iZ¡ eRvq iv‡Lb Ges mevB‡K AvuP- Abygv‡bi g‡a¨ iv‡Lb| GKRb †cŠËwjK wn‡m‡e wZwb L„óvb‡ì †Kvb m¤úÖ v‡qiB c‡¶ wQ‡jb bv| GwU wQj Zvi c‡¶ GK †Rviv‡jv hyw³| weZK© Pj‡Z _vKv Ae ’vq Dfq c‡¶i Kv‡QB ¯úó n‡q D‡V †h G mfvq †Kvb my úó wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡bv hv‡e bv| Zv m‡Ë¡I

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 129Zviv mgªv‡Ui mg_©‡bi cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡jb †h‡nZz cjxq Pv‡P©i R‡b¨ †mUv wQj kw³ e„w×i e¨vcvi| Ab¨w`‡K DËi Avwd«Kvevmx‡ì R‡b¨ mgªv‡Ui mg_©b jv‡fi A_© wQj Zv‡ì wbcxo‡bi Aemvb| KbóvbUvB‡bi AvbyK‚j¨ jv‡fi R‡b¨ Dcw ’Z mKj wekc a‡g©i wKQy cwieZ©b mva‡b m¤§Z nb| ivRKzgvix KbóvbwUbv BD‡mweqvm‡K civgk© w`‡jb †h mgªvU GKwU HKë× PvP© Pvb| KviY L„óvb m¤úÖ v‡qi wefw³ mvgªvR¨‡K wec`MÖ — Ki‡e| wKš‘ hw` †Kvb HKgZ¨ bv nq Zv n‡j wZwb âh© nviv‡eb Ges L„óvb‡ì cÖwZ Zvi mg_©b cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡eb| hw` wZwb †m cš’vB MÖnY K‡ib Zv n‡j L„óvb‡ì cwiw ’wZ Av‡Mi †P‡qI Lvivc n‡e Ges L„óvb ag©I AwaKZi wecbœ n‡e| BD‡mweqv‡mi civgk©µ‡g Avwiqvm I Zvi Abymvixiv wbw®Œq f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡jb, Z‡e mfv †h me cwieZ©b mva‡bi wm×vš— wbj Zv †_‡K Zviv wb‡R‡ì ~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡jb| †h‡nZz †m mgq mvgªv‡Rï me©Î †ivgvb m~h©‡èZvi Dcvmbv AZ¨š— RbwcÖq wQj Ges mgªvU‡K c„w_ex‡Z †èZvi iƒc wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nZ, G †cÖw¶‡Z cjxq PvP© :

• †ivgvb m~h©- wèm (Sun-day)- †K L„óvb‡ì mvßvwnK ag©xq wèm †NvlYv Kij;

• m~h©-†èZvi cÖPwjZ Rb¥ wèm 25 wW‡m¤î†K hxïi Rb¥ wèm wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kij;

• m~h©- †èZvi cÖZxK Av‡jvi µzk‡K (Cross of light) L„óev‡ì cÖZxK wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kij;

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 169wQ‡jb †h Zvi DËivwaKvix Zvi ^vfvweK g„Zz i A‡c¶v bv K‡i Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i| GKZ¡ev`x‡ì Dci wbh©vZb hwÌ Ae¨vnZ wQj wKš‘ wbcxobKvix‡ì Kvw•¶Z j¶¨ AR©‡b Zv mnvqK nqwb| wkMwMiB †WwfW GKRb knx‡ì gh©v`v jvf K‡ib| Zuvi „óvš— GKZ¡ev`x‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb †cÖiYv †h msMwVZ wbcxob m‡Ë¡I Zv cÖR‡b¥i ci cÖRb¥ a‡i wU‡K _v‡K| Uªvbwmjfvwbqvq GKZ¡ev`x‡ì msL¨v D‡j−L †hvM¨ fv‡e n«vm cvq| Z‡e ZzK©x kvmbvaxb nv‡½wii `w¶‡Y Zv‡ì msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z ïi“ K‡i| gymjgvb kvmKiv KziAv‡bi wb‡ ©k Abyhvqx mKj a‡g©i †jvK‡ì kvwš—‡Z emev‡mi AbygwZ †`b| Z‡e kZ© wQj †h Zviv gmyjgvb‡ì ag©vPi‡Y †Kvb n —‡¶c Ki‡e bv| Gfv‡e L„óvbiv gymjgvb kvmbvaxb c~Y© ag©xq ¯vaxbZv †fvM K‡i hv Avi †Kvb L„óvb ag©vej¤^x †`‡k wQj bv| GgbwK L„óvb‡ì Zv‡ì wbR ^ AvBb Abyhvqx PjviI AbygwZ †Ìqv nq| ^vaxbZvi G my‡hvM MÖnY K‡i GKRb K¨vjwfbcš’x wekc ag©‡ ªvnxZvi Awf‡hv‡M GKRb GKZ¡ev`xi duvwm †`b| Ab¨ GKRb GKZ¡ev`x G welqwU ey vi ZzwK© Mfb©i‡K AewnZ K‡ib| Mfb©i K¨vjwfbcš’x wekc‡K Zvi mvg‡b Dcw ’Z nIqvi wb‡ ©k †`b| wePv‡ii ci wekc I Zvi yÕRb mnKvix‡K nZ¨vi `v‡q g„Zz `Ê †Ìqv nq| GKZ¡ev`x hvRK `ÊcÖvß wek‡ci c‡¶ n —‡¶c K‡ib G e‡j †h wZwb G nZ¨vi cÖwZ‡kva MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvb bv, Z‡e wZwb Pvb †hb G ai‡bi NUbvi cybive„wË bv N‡U| Gi d‡j Acivax‡ì g„Zz `Ê iwnZ K‡i Zvi cwie‡Z© Zv‡ì wecyj As‡Ki Rwigvbv Kiv nq| ZzwK© miKv‡ii Aax‡b GKZ¡ev`xMY cÖvq GK kZvãx hver kvwš—‡Z emevm K‡i| ZzwK© kvmbvaxb †`‡k Zv‡ì cÖvq 60 wU PvP© wQj| ZzwK© mvgªv‡Rï cZ‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡ì ag© wek¦v‡mi ^vaxbZvI Le© nq Ges †jvKRb‡K Avevi ejc~e©K K¨v_wjK a‡g©

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(Lelio Francesco Maria Sozini) 1525-1562 L„. †jwjI †mvwRwb 1525 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| cwiYZ eq‡m wZwb GKRb AvBbwe` nb| G ch©v‡q AvBb Aa¨qb Zv‡K wneªy I evB‡e‡ji M‡elYvq DØy× K‡i| Zi“Y eq‡m wZwb †ev‡jvMbv Z¨vM K‡ib I †Wwb‡mi cvk¦©eZ©x GjvKvq Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b ZLb wKQyUv ag©xq ^vaxbZv wQj hv BZvwji Avi †Kvb As‡k wQj bv| mvi‡fUv‡mi iPbv †mLv‡b mgv „Z n‡Zv Ges A‡b‡KB Zvi Øviv cÖfvweZ wQ‡jb| Iqv‡jm Zvi ÒGw›U wUªwbUvwiqAb ev‡qvMÖvwdÓ MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb †h mvi‡fUv‡mi Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ †fwb‡mi eû wewkó e¨w³ I Kg©KZ©vI wQ‡jb|17 wKš‘ wm‡bU mvi‡fUv‡mi Abymvix‡ì cÖKvk¨ Kvh©µg wbwl× Kivi †cÖw¶‡Z Zviv †Mvc‡b wgwjZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| L„óa‡g©i mZ¨ iƒc Rvbv Ges hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶v‡K cybt cÖwZôv KivB wQj Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨| Òwnówi Ae w`

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 182mggbv‡ì cÖPwjZ ag©gZ we‡ivax e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv... whïwLª÷ we‡ivax †PZbv L„óxq Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ mePvB‡Z †ewk gvivZ¥K fy‡ji cÖPjb K‡i‡Q GB gZev‡` †h Ck¦‡ii AZ¨š— mnR mËvq i‡q‡Q wZb Rb ^Zš¿ e¨w³ hv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK GKRb Ck¦i Ges wcZvB ïay GKgvÎ cÖK…Z Ck¦i bb, cyZ Ges cweÎ AvZ¥vI Aek¨B GKB iKg Ck¦i| m‡Zï Gi †P‡q AwaK Aev —e, AwaK Am¤¢e Ges Acjvc Avi n‡Z cv‡i bv... L„óvbivI wek¦vm K‡i †h hxï L„ó Avg‡ì cv‡ci cÖvqwð‡Ëi R‡b¨B g„Zz eiY K‡i‡Qb Ges Avgv‡ì cv‡ci övjb K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ GB gZ wg_¨v, åvwš—c~Y© I ¶wZKviK|24

†mvwKqvbvm e‡j‡Qb †h wÎZ¡ev` MÖn‡Yi Ab¨Zg GKwU KviY nj †cŠËwjK `k©b| †Uvj¨v‡Ûi Òw` bvRv‡iwbmÓ (Nazarenes) MÖ‡š’ †m Avfvm †Ìqv n‡q‡Q: †mvwKqvbv‡mi gZvbymvix Ges Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡vev`xiv AZ¨š— Av ’vi mv‡_ e‡jb †h hviv Bqvû`x m¤úÖ vq fy³ wQj bv ZvivB L„óa‡g© Zv‡ì mv‡eK GKvwaK Ck¦iev` I g„Z gvbyl‡K Ck¦iZ¡ Av‡iv‡ci gZev` cÖPjb K‡i‡Q: G¸‡jv‡Z L„óa‡g©i bvg envj i‡q‡Q wKš‘ wel‡qi Avg~j cwieZ©b n‡q †M‡Q Ges mKj gZ I cÖ_vi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L wb‡R‡ì ^v‡_© I cÖ‡qvR‡b Giv Zv Kv‡R jvMv‡”Q|25 GUv my úó †h †mvwKqvbv‡mi iPbv e¨vcKfv‡e M„nxZ n‡qwQj| wZwb Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q hxï †K wQ‡jb Ges Kx Rb¨ wZwb G‡mwQ‡jb †m e¨vcv‡i mwVK wPÎB ïay Zz‡j a‡ibwb, Dciš‘ gvby‡li Dci PvP© †h wecyj ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM KiZ, Zvi AwaKvskB aŸsm K‡iwQ‡jb| †mvwKqvbv‡mi †kÖôZ¡ GLv‡b †h wZwb Ggb GK ag©g‡Zi aviK wQ‡jb hv wQj †hŠw³K Ges evB‡ejwfwËK| Zvi we‡ivax‡ì c‡¶ Zvi gZvgZ evwZj Kiv AZ¨š— KwVb wQj|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 183D`vniY wn‡m‡e GKwU NUbvi K_v ejv hvq| 1680 L„. †ifv‡iÊ RR© A¨vkI‡qj (Ashwell) hLb †`L‡jb †h †mvwKqvbv‡mi MÖš’ ‡jv Zvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ AZ¨š— RbwcÖq n‡q DV‡Q ZLb wZwb wb‡R †mvwKqvb a‡g©i Dci GKwU MÖš’ iPbvi wm×vš— †bb| †mvwKqvbvm m¤ú‡K© Zvi g~j¨vqb AZ¨š— †KŠZzn‡jvÏxcK †h‡nZz wZwb G g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb GKRb kÎ“ wn‡m‡e: G m¤úÖ v‡qi cÖwZôvZv I c„ô‡cvlK GK AZ¨š— gnr e¨w³ hvi g‡a¨ mKj ¸‡Yi mgv‡ek N‡UwQj Ges wZwb gvby‡li kÖ×v I cÖksmv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| hv‡ì mv‡_ wZwb K_v ej‡Zb Zv‡ì mKj‡KB wZwb gy» Ki‡Zb| wZwb mK‡ji g‡b kÖ×v I fv‡jvevmvi Qvc †i‡LwQ‡jb| wZwb Zvi cÖwZfvi †kÖôZ¡ cÖ k©b K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi hyw³ web¨vm wQj AZ¨š— †Rviv‡jv, wZwb wQ‡jb weivU evM¥x| Zvi m`&¸Y mK‡ji Kv‡QB wQj AmvaviY| Zvi gnr PwiÎ I Rxeb wQj D`vniY‡hvM¨ Ges †m Kvi‡YB wZwb gvby‡li kÖ×v jvf K‡i‡Qb| Gme K_v ejvi ci A¨vkI‡qj e‡j‡Qb †h †Kvwmqvbvm wQ‡jb ÒkqZv‡bi eo duvm ev duv`|Ó 26 Z‡e AvR‡Ki w`‡b eû L„óvbB †mvwKqvbvm m¤ú‡K© †ifv‡iÊ A¨vkI‡q‡ji ^we‡ivax gš—‡eï mv‡_ GKgZ bb| Kvh©Z †mvwKqvbv‡mi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ e¨vcKfv‡e evo‡Q| †h wbg©gfv‡e GB gZev` `gb Kiv n‡qwQj Zv‡Z A‡b‡Ki mnvbyf~wZiB D‡ ªK K‡i| Dciš‘ wÎZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZ mywbw ©ó weiƒc cÖwZwµqv i‡q‡Q| eû wPš—vkxj L„óvb †mvwKqvbv‡mi wek¦vm‡K mg_©b Ges hxïL„ó‡K Ck¦i †NvlYvi ag©gZ‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Qb| Rb weWj (John Biddle) 1615-1662 L„. Bsj¨v‡Ê GKZ¡ev‡ì RbK Rb weWj 1615 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb AZ¨š— †gavex QvÎ wQ‡jb| wZwb we`¨veyw×‡Z Zvi wk¶K‡ì Qvwo‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb Ges wb‡RB wb‡Ri wk¶‡K cwiYwZ

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 184n‡qwQ‡jb e‡j ewY©Z Av‡Q| 22 wZwb 1634 L„. A·‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nb| 1638 L„. wZwb we.Gm. Ges 1641 L„. Gg.Gm. wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| A·‡dvW© Z¨v‡Mi ci wZwb M−y†Póv‡i †mÈ †gwi `¨ wµcm wd« ¯‹z‡j wk¶K wbhy³ nb| GLv‡b wZwb Zvi ag© wek¦vm cybwe©‡ePbv Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib Ges G ch©v‡q wÎZ¡ev`x ag©g‡Zi êaZvi e¨vcv‡i Zvi g‡b m‡›`n RvM‡Z ïi“ K‡i| †m mgq †mvwKqvbv‡mi gZ I iPbv Bsj¨v‡Ê †cuŠQ‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj| wZwbI BD‡ivcxq GKZ¡ev`x‡ì Øviv cÖfvweZ nb| ivRv †Rgm‡K DrmM© Kiv iv‡Kvwfqvb K¨v‡_wmRg Gi j¨vwUb fvlvq Abyw`Z GKwU MÖš’ Bsj¨v‡Û †cÖiY Kiv nq| 1614 L„. Rj−v` cÖKv‡k¨ Zv cywo‡q †`q| hwÌ MÖš’wU cywo‡q †djv nq wKš‘ Zvi welqe¯‘ Rbg‡b AvMÖ‡ni m„wó K‡i| G NUbvi wb›`v Rvbv‡bvi c`‡¶c †bqv nq| µgI‡q‡ji Aax‡b KvDwÝj Ae †óU KZ©…K Rb I‡qb‡K †mvwKqvbv‡mi ag©gZ LÊ‡bi `vwqZ¡ cÖ vb Kiv nq| wZwb e‡jb, †f‡ev bv †h Gme wRwb‡mi mv‡_ †Zvgv‡ì m¤úK© AwZ mvgvb¨| kqZvb GLb ìRvq G‡m uvwo‡q‡Q| GLb Bsj¨v‡Êi GKwU bMi, kni ev MÖvgI †bB †hLv‡b G wel‡q wKQy bv wKQy Ask Qwo‡q c‡owb|28 Pv‡P©i M„nxZ ag©gZ mgybœZ ivLvi G †Póv we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb nq| BDwjqvg wjwjsIqv_© (1602-1644L„.) gvby‡li wbh©vZb, cywo‡q gviv, Awfkvc cÖ vb I ¶wZ Kivi gZ AcKg© ‡jv‡K Ck¦i KZ©…K gvby‡li R‡b¨ wba©vwiZ bq e‡j wb›`v K‡ib| 29 †R‡iwg †Uji I wgjUb Df‡qB e‡jb †h ag© wek¦v‡mi AbymiY ag©‡`ªvwnZv bq| †KD hw` Amr D‡Ïk¨ Øviv cÖfvweZ nq Zvn‡j †mUvB ¶wZKi|30 G weZK© Qwo‡q c‡o Ges wÎZ¡ev‡ì Abymvixiv Av‡iv c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i| 1640 L„. Ryb gv‡m K¨v›Uvi‡ewi I Bq‡K©i m‡¤§j‡b †mvwKqvbv‡mi MÖš’mg~‡ni Avg`vwb, gy`ªY I weZiY wbwl× †`qv nq Ges ûuwkqvi K‡i †`qv nq †h G ag©g‡Z

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 185†KD wek¦vm ’vcb Ki‡j Zv‡K wMR©v n‡Z ewn®‹vi Kiv n‡e| GK`j †jLK I eyw×Rxex G wm×v‡š—i wb›`v Ki‡jI djcÖm~ nqwb| cybg©~j¨vqb I bZzb cix¶vi G cwi‡e‡k we‡kl K‡i wÎZ¡ev`mn wewfbœ wel‡q weW‡ji wb‡Ri g‡ZI cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq| wZwb Zvi Dcjä wek¦vm m¤ú‡K© †LvjvLywj K_vevZ©v ej‡Z _v‡Kb| Gi dj wn‡m‡e g¨vwR‡óªUMY 1644 L„. Zv‡K wjwLZfv‡e ag©xq ^xKv‡ivw³i wb‡ ©k cÖ vb K‡ib| Lye mnR fvlvq wZwb †mUv K‡ib| Avwg wek¦vm Kwi Ck¦i bv‡g GKRbB me©kw³gvb mËv i‡q‡Qb| myZivs Ck¦i GKRbB|31 weWj G mgq GKwU cÖPvicÎI cÖKvk K‡ib| Gi wk‡ivbvg wQj, ÒcweÎ AvZ¥vi Ck¦iZ¡ LÊb K‡i 12 wU hyw³Ó (Twelve Arguments Refuting the Deity of the Holy Spirit) ÒL„óvb cvVK mgvR‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i GwU cÖKvk Kiv nq| 1645 L„. G MÖš’wU AvUK Ges weWj‡K KvivMv‡i Aš—wib Kiv nq| Zv‡K cvj©v‡g‡›Ui mvg‡b Dcw ’Z nIqvi Rb¨ Zje Kiv nq, wKš‘ wZwb cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K Ck¦i wn‡m‡e †g‡b wb‡Z A¯xKvi K‡ib| 1647 L„. wZwb Avevi cÖPvicÎ cybg©y ªY K‡ib| G eQiB 6 †m‡Þ¤î cvj©v‡g›U cÖPvicÎ¸‡jv cywo‡q †`qvi R‡b¨ Rj −v`‡K wb‡ ©k †`q Ges Zv cvwjZ nq| 1648 mv‡ji 2 †g GK K‡Vvi Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi Kiv nq| G‡Z ejv nq †h †KD hw` wÎZ¡ev‡`, A_ev hxï A_ev cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K A¯xKvi K‡i, Zv‡K g„Zz `Ê †Ìqv n‡e| †h MÖ‡š’i Kvi‡Y GB K‡Vvi kvw —i weavb Rvwi Kiv nq, †mB ÒUz‡qjf Av ©‡g›UmÓ Gi mvivsk wbgœiƒc:

1) †h Ck¦i †_‡K c„_K †m Ck¦i bq cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i †_‡K c„_K AZGe, cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bq|

weWj wb‡æv³ e³‡eï gva¨‡g G hyw³i e¨vL¨v cÖ vb K‡ib:

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 186cÖavb m~ÎwU AZ¨š— my úó †h hw` Avgiv ewj †h cweÎ AvZ¥vB Ck¦i Ges Zvici hw` Zv‡K Ck¦i †_‡K ¯^Zš¿, mgMÖ evB‡ej Zv Øviv mgw_©Z| cweÎ AvZ¥v e¨w³ wn‡m‡e Ck¦i †_‡K wfbœ wKš‘ mËv wn‡m‡e bq, Giƒc hyw³B hyw³ wei“×| cÖ_gZ, †Kvb gvby‡li c‡¶ Ck¦i mËv †_‡K e¨w³‡K c„_K Kiv Ges Zvi g‡b yÕwU ev wZbwU mËv‡K VuvB †Ìqv Am¤¢e| Gi dj wn‡m‡e †m `yÕRb Ck¦i i‡q‡Q e‡j wm×vš— wb‡Z eva¨ n‡e| wØZxqZ, e¨w³‡K hw` Ck¦‡ii mËv †_‡K c„_K Kiv nq ZLb e¨w³ GK ai‡bi ^vaxb e ‘ n‡q DV‡e Ges Zv nq mxgve× bq A-mxgve× n‡e| hw` mxgve× nq Zvn‡j Ck¦iI GKRb mxgve× mËv †h‡nZz PvP© Abymv‡i Ck¦‡ii ga¨Kvi mewKQyB ^qs Ck¦i| myZivs G‡¶‡Î wm×vš— n‡e Aev —e| hw` A-mxgve× nq Zvn‡j Ck¦‡ii g‡aÏ yÕRb A-mxgve× e¨w³ _vK‡eb A_©vr yÕRb Ck¦i hv Av‡Mi hyw³i †P‡q Av‡iv Aev —e| Z…ZxqZ, Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© ˆbe© w³K wKQy ejv nvm¨Ki †h‡nZz cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ KZ©…K GK_v ^xK…Z †h Ck¦i GKRb e¨w³i bvg whwb me©kw³gvb kvmbKvix... GKRb e¨w³ Qvov †KD Ab¨‡ì Dci kvmb we —vi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs Zv‡K e¨w³i e`‡j Ab¨ wKQy wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivi A_© wZwb hv bb Zv‡K †m wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv|

2) whwb BmivBj‡ì cweÎ AvZ¥v w`‡qwQ‡jb wZwb wh‡nvfv myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v wh‡nvfv ev Ck¦i bb|

3) whwb wb‡Ri K_v e‡jb bv wZwb Ck¦i bb| cweÎ AvZ¥v wb‡Ri K_v e‡jb bv| myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 1874) whwb wk¶v jvf K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb

whwb wK ej‡eb Zv A‡bï KvQ †_‡K †kv‡bb †mUvB nj wk¶v hxï L„ó ZvB ej‡Zb hv Zv‡K ejv nZ| myZivs hxï Ck¦i bb|

GLv‡b weWj R‡bi Mm‡cj (8 : 26) D×„Z K‡i‡Qb †hLv‡b hxï e‡j‡Qb: ÒAvwg Zuvi (Ck¦i) KvQ †_‡K hv ï‡bwQ †m me K_vB ewj|Ó

5) R‡bi Mm‡cj-G (16 : 14) hxï e‡jb : Ck¦i wZwb whwb mKj‡K me wKQy w`‡q‡Qb| whwb A‡bï KvQ †_‡K wKQy MÖnY K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb|

6) whwb Ab¨ KZ©…K †cÖwiZ wZwb Ck¦i bb| cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i †cÖwiZ| myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|

7) whwb mewKQy w`‡Z cv‡ib bv wZwb Ck¦i bb| whwb Ck¦‡ii `vb, wZwb me© vZv bb wZwb wb‡RB Ck¦‡ii cÖ Ë `vb wKQy `vb Kiv `vZvi kw³ I wbR¯^ B”Qvaxb myZivs GUv Kíbv KivB Aev —e †h Ck¦i Kv‡iv kw³ I B”Qvaxb|

GLv‡b weWj †cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh©vejx 17 : 25 D×„Z K‡i‡Qb : Ck¦i mKj‡K w`‡q‡Qb cÖvY, k¦vm- cÖk¦vm Ges mewKQy|

8) whwb ’vb cwieZ©b K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb cweÎ AvZ¥v ’vb cwieZ©b K‡ib myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|

weWj GB hyw³i e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e : Òhw` Ck¦i ’vb cwieZ©b K‡ib Zvn‡j †hLv‡b wZwb Av‡M wQ‡jb †mLv‡b wZwb

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 188_vK‡eb bv Ges †hLv‡b wZwb Av‡M wQ‡jb bv †mLv‡b hvÎv ïi“ Ki‡eb| GUv Zvi me©Î weivRgvb _vKv I Ck¦i‡Z¡i we‡ivax| myZivs hxïi Kv‡Q whwb G‡mwQ‡jb wZwb Ck¦i bb eis Ck¦‡ii bv‡g GKRb ^M©xq ~Z|

9) whwb wm×v‡š—i R‡b¨ hxïi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|

10) †ivgxq 10 : 14 G ejv n‡q‡Q: Òhvi K_v Zviv †kv‡bwb Zv‡K Zviv Kxfv‡e wek¦vm Ki‡e? gvbyl hvi cÖwZ wek¦vm ’vcb K‡iwb, ZeyI wQj Zviv Abymvix|Ó hvi cÖwZ wek¦vm ’vwcZ nqwb wZwb Ck¦i bb| gvbyl cweÎ AvZ¥vi cÖwZ wek¦vm ’vcb K‡iwb ZeyI Zviv Zvi Abymvix myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|

11) whwb A‡bï gvidZ Ck¦‡ii K_v Rvb‡Z cv‡ib. †hgb hxï, wZwb hv ej‡eb Zv Ck¦i †_‡K ^Zš¿| whwb Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K wb‡ ©k MÖnY K‡ib I e‡jb Zv Ck¦‡ii wk¶v cweÎ AvZ¥v †mUvB K‡ib AZGe cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|

12) Ck¦i †_‡K whwb ^Zš¿ B”Qv iv‡Lb wZwb Ck¦i bb cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i †_‡K ^Zš¿ B”Qv iv‡Lb myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 196†h ag©MÖ‡š’ Gme †bB| Zv‡ì G wek¦vm mvaviY †cÖ‡UóvÈ g‡Zi gZB ^”Q I cÖvÄj| mwVK e³‡eï ga¨ w`‡q Zviv G D”Pgv‡M©i welqwU cÖKvk K‡i hv Rvbv AZ¨vek¨K| Zviv g‡b K‡i, wÎZ¡ev`x‡ì ZË¡Ávb m¤^wjZ e³‡eï g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q inm¨gq m~² †KŠkj, wKš‘ evB‡e‡j Zv mnR GK gZ gvÎ| 38 Ab¨ GKwU MÖ‡š’ wZwb Av‡iv ¯úófv‡e gZvgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb †h †cvc, KvDwÝj, wekc I hvRK‡ì AwZ RNb¨ `y®‹g©Kvix I ˆ¯ivPvix‡ì mvwi‡Z †kÖYxKiY Kiv DwPZ| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, wewfbœ AvBb, Abyôvb I gZev` nj ¯vaxbZvi Dci AevwÃZ AvMÖvmb|39 G cÖL¨vZ Kwe cÖKv‡k¨ †`‡ki kvmb KZ©…c¶‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡ibwb, wKš‘ wZwb wb‡R‡K Pv‡P©i †Muvovwg I AmwnòyZvi wei“‡× GKwU cÖwZev` wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| †ek wKQy kxl© eyw×Rxexi gZ wZwbI Pv‡P© hvIqv eÜ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| wgjUb m¤ú‡K© Wv: Rbmb e‡j‡Qb : wZwb †cÖv‡UóvÈ‡ì †Kvb kvLvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb bv| wZwb Kx wQ‡jb Zv Rvbvi PvB‡Z wZwb Kx wQ‡jb bv, Avgiv †mUvB Rvwb| wZwb PvP© Ae †iv‡gi wKsev PvP© Ae Bsj¨v‡Êi Abymvix wQ‡jb bv| cÖKv‡k¨ Zv‡K Dcvmbv Ki‡Z †`Lv hvqwb| Zvi ˆ`bw›`b mgqm~wP‡Z cÖwZwU NÈv fvM Kiv wQj| †mLv‡b Dcvmbvi R‡b¨ †Kvb mgq ivLv wQj bv| Zvi KvR Ges Zvi a¨vbB wQj Zvi Dcvmbv|40 GUv ¯úó †h Wv. Rbmb (Dr. Johnson) wgjU‡bi †jLv GKwU MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ wQ‡jb bv| KviY wgjU‡bi g„Zz i cÖvq †òkÕ eQi ci 1823 L„. G MÖš’wU Avwe®‹…Z nq| †nvqvBU n‡j Iì †óU †ccvi Awd‡m (Old state paper office in whitehall) cvÊywjwcwU Avwe®‹…Z nq| G‡Z bvg wQj : ÒG wUªwUR wi‡jwUs Uz MWÓ (A Treatise relating to God)| wZwb hLb

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 197µgI‡q‡ji †m‡µUvwi wQ‡jb ZLbB G MÖš’wU †jLv nq| wbtm‡›`‡n, wgjUb Zuvi RxeÏkvq G MÖš’wU cÖKvk †nvK Zv Pvbwb| G MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g L‡Êi wØZxq Aa¨v‡q wgjUb Ck¦‡ii ¸Yvewj Ges wbw ©ófv‡e GKZ¡ev` cÖm‡½ wj‡L‡Qb:

ÒCk¦i‡K A ^xKvi K‡i Ggb †jv‡Ki msL¨v G‡Kev‡i Kg bq| Gme wb‡e©v‡aiv Aš—i †_‡K wek¦vm K‡i †h †Kvb Ck¦i †bBÓ † —v¯¿ 14 : 1, A_P Ck¦i gvby‡li Aš—‡i Zvi wb‡Ri Ggb eû cÖkœvZxZ wb`k©‡bi Qvc Gu‡K w`‡q‡Qb Ges cÖK…wZi me©Î Zvi cwiPq Ggbfv‡e Qov‡bv i‡q‡Q †h †evam¤úbœ †Kvb e¨w³B mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© AÁ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`nB _vK‡Z cv‡i bv †h we‡k¦i me wKQyB myk„•Lj fv‡e cwiPvwjZ Ges Zv‡Z i‡q‡Q GK P~ovš— I Kj¨vYKi D‡Ïk¨ hv mv¶¨ †`q †h GK m‡e©v”P my‡hvM¨ kw³ Aek¨B c~e© †_‡K weivRgvb hvi Øviv mgMÖ m„wóB GK mywbw ©ó j‡¶ï Rb¨ wba©vwiZ| Ck¦‡ii evYx ev` w`‡q ïay cÖK…wZ ev eyw×‡K c_ wb‡ ©kK K‡i Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© mwVK wPš—v Kiv hvq bv| Avgv‡ì gb hZUv aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i A_ev Avg‡ì cÖK…wZi c‡¶ hZUv enb Kiv m¤¢e, Ck¦i Zuvi m¤ú‡K© ZZUvB cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb.... Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© hZUzKz Ávb gvby‡li cwiÎv‡Yi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRb, wZwb Zv ch©vß cwigv‡Y wbR Ki“Yvq cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb... Ck¦‡ii bvg I ¸Yvewj nq Zuvi êwkó¨ cÖKvkK, bq Zuvi Hkx kw³ I †kÖô‡Z¡i cwiPvqK|

wgjUb Gici Ck¦‡ii KwZcq ¸‡Yi weeiY w`‡q‡Qb : mZ¨, mËv, wekvjZ¡ I AmxgZ¡, wPi ’vwqZ¡, AcwieZ©bxqZv, b¨vqcivqYZv, AgiZ¡, me©Î we`¨gvbZv me©kw³gËv Ges P~ovš—iƒ‡c GKZ¡| wZwb e‡jb, Dwj−wLZ mKj ¸‡Yi mvie ‘ nj Zuvi GKZ¡| Gici wgjUb evB‡ej †_‡K wb‡æv³ cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb :

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 198wh‡nvfv, wZwbB Ck¦i, wZwb Qvov Avi †KD †bB (wØZxq weeiY 4 : 35) wh‡nvfv, wZwbB ^M© g‡Z©i Ck¦i, Ab¨ Avi †KD †bB|

(wØZxq weeiY 5 : 39) Avwg, ïay Avwg, AvwgB Ck¦i Ges Avgvi mv‡_ Avi †Kvb Ck¦i †bB| (wØZxq weeiY 32 : 39) c„w_exi mKj gvby‡li Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb †h wh‡nvfvB Ck¦i Ges Avi †Kvb Ck¦i †bB| (1 ivRvewj 8 : 60) wZwb Ck¦i, wZwb GK, wZwb we‡k¦i mKj mvgªv‡Rï Ck¦i|

(2 ivRvewj 19 t15) Avwg Qvov Avi †Kvb Ck¦i Av‡Q? bv, Ck¦i GKRbB|

(whkvBq 44 : 8) Avwg wh‡nvfv Ges Avwg Qvov †Kvb Ck¦i †bB| (whkvBq 45 : 5) Avwg Qvov †Kvb Ck¦i †bB .... Avwg Qvov Avi †KD †bB|

(whkvBq 45 : 21) Avwg Ck¦i Ges Avi †KD †bB| (whkvBq 45 : 22) Dc‡iv³ D×„wZmg~n cÖm‡½ wgjUb e‡jb, A_©vr Ck¦i Qvov Avi †Kvb mËv, e¨w³ ev †Kvb Aw —Z¡ †bB| Avwg Ck¦i, Avi †KD bq| AvwgB Ck¦i Ges Avgvi gZ Avi †KD †bB| (whkvBq 46 : 9) wgjUb e‡jb : ÒmsL¨vZvwË¡K GK‡Z¡i Awfbœ aviYvq msL¨vMZ w`K w`‡q GKRb Ck¦i Ges GKRb AvZ¥v i‡q‡Qb e‡j Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li g‡a¨ wek¦vm m„wói j‡¶¨ Gi PvB‡Z mnR, mywbw ©ó, MÖnY‡hvM¨ Avi Kx cš’v n‡Z cv‡i? GLv‡b cÖ_gZ Ges P~ovš—fv‡e GUvB wQj h_v_© I hyw³msMZ †h Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ wbgœnvi e¨w³wUi g —KI Ck¦‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ AebZ Kivi R‡b¨ ag©xq evYx Giƒc mnR cš’vq cÖPvi Kiv nq †h Zvi g‡a¨ †Kvb AwbðqZv ev

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 199A¯úóZv †bB| Ab¨_vq DcvmbvKvixiv åvwš—‡Z wKsev m‡›`‡ni g‡a¨ wbcwZZ n‡Z cviZ| BmivBwjiv Zv‡ì weavb I bex‡ì gvidZ me© vB GK_v Dcjwä K‡i‡Q †h msL¨vMZ w`K w`‡q Ck¦i GKRbB Ges Zvi mg ch©v‡qi ev Zvi †P‡q wbgœ ch©v‡qi Avi †Kvb Ck¦i †bB| ZLb ch©š— ag© i“‡ì Avwef©ve nqwb hviv Zv‡ì wbR ^ Ávbeyw× I m¤ú~Y© ^we‡ivax hyw³i gva¨‡g GKZ¡ev`x gZev`‡K weK…Z K‡i‡Q hwÌ fvb K‡i †h Zviv Zv eRvq ivL‡Z PvB‡Q| wKš‘ me©kw³gvb Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© †h K_vUv me©Rb M„nxZ Zv nj GB †h ¯we‡ivax n‡Z cv‡i Ggb wKQy wZwb Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| myZivs GLv‡b me© v g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© bq Ges hv GKB mv‡_ Zvi GKZ¡ I GKvwaKZ¡ m¤úwK©Z, Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© Ggb wKQy ejv hvq bv| gvK© 13 : 29-32t Ò †n BmivBwjiv †kvb! Avgv‡ì whwb cÖfy wZwbB Ck¦i GKRbB Ges wZwb Qvov Avi †Kvb Ck¦i †bB|Ó Gici wgjUb cweÎ AvZ¥vi êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, G e¨vcv‡i evB‡e‡j wK Zvi êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, G e¨vcv‡i evB‡e‡j wK Zvi êwkó¨ ev cÖK…wZ, Kxfv‡e Zv Aw —Z¡kxj wKsev KLb Zvi D™¢eÑ Zvi wKQyB ejv nqwb| wZwb e‡jb: a‡g©i gZ GKwU AZ¨š— RwUj wel‡q wek¦vmx‡ì mvg‡b ag© cÖe³v‡ì DwPZ Zvi cÖv_wgK ¸i“Z¡ I m‡›`nvZxZ wbðqZv A_ev ag©MÖ‡š’i my úó mv‡¶ï PvB‡Z wfbœ wKQy Dc ’vcb bv Kiv Ges welqwU Ggbfv‡e Dc ’vcb Kiv hv‡Z gvbweK we‡ePbvq Zvi cÖgvY m¤ú‡K© †Kvb cÖKvi m‡›`‡ni †Kvb AeKvk bv _v‡K ev †Kvb mskq ev weZ‡K©i welqe ‘ †hb bv nq| Gici wgëb evB‡e‡ji Av‡jv‡K Zvi e³‡eï Dcmsnvi †U‡b‡Qb : cweÎ AvZ¥v me©Á bq Ges Zv me©Î weivRgvbI bq| GK_v ejv hvq bv †h, †h‡nZz cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦‡ii evYx I wb‡ ©k

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 200enb K‡i Av‡bb †m Ki‡Y wZwb Ck¦‡ii Ask| hw` wZwb Ck¦iB n‡Zb Zv n‡j †Kb cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K mvš—¡bv `vbKvix (Comforter) ejv nq whwb hxïi c‡i Avm‡eb, whwb wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© wKQy e‡jb bv wKsev Zvi wb‡Ri bv‡g wKQy e‡jb bv Ges hvi kw³ AwR©Z (Rb 16 : 7- 14)? myZivs GUv my úó †h Ômvš—¡bv `vbKvixÕ Avm‡j hxïi c‡i AvMgbKvix GKRb bex, G A‡_© Zuv‡K MÖnY bv K‡i GK mxgvnxb weåvwš— m„wói j‡¶¨B Zv‡K cweÎ AvZ¥v GgbwK Ck¦i e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡”Q| 14 Avwiqv‡mi mv‡_ wgjUbI GKgZ †h hxï wPiš—b bb| wZwb e‡jb, hxï‡K m„wó Kiv ev bv Kiv Zv m¤ú~Y©B wQj Ck¦‡ii e¨vcv‡i| wZwb e‡jb, hxï Òmg‡qi mxgve×Zvi g‡a¨BÓ Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| hxïi Hk¦wiK Rb¥ m¤úwK©Z gZev‡ì mg_©‡b evB‡e‡ji GKwU cO&w³I wZwb Luy‡R cvbwb| hxï‡K e¨w³ wn‡m‡e wfbœ Ges mËv wn‡m‡e Ck¦‡ii GKRb wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv A™¢yZ I hyw³ we‡ivax| G gZev` ïay hyw³ we‡ivaxB bq, evB‡e‡ji mv¶¨ cÖgv‡YiI we‡ivax| wgjUb BmivBwj RbM‡Yi mv‡_ GKgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb †h Ck¦i GKRb I AwØZxq| Avi Zv GZUvB my úó †h Gi R‡b¨ Avjv`v †Kvb e¨vL¨vi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv| †h GK Ck¦i GKRb ^- Aw —Z¡evb Ck¦i Ges †h mËv ^-Aw —Z¡evb bq †m Ck¦i n‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb Dcmsnv‡i e‡jb :

ÒevB‡e‡ji mnR A_©‡K cwinvi A_ev Avovj Kivi R‡b¨ KwZcq e¨w³ wK †KŠkjc~Y© a~Z©Zv I cÖZviYvi AvkÖq wb‡q‡Q Zv †`‡L wew¯§Z n‡Z nq|Ó42

wgjUb e‡jb †h cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i I hxïi †P‡qI b~ b ’vbxq †h‡nZz Zvi `vwqZ¡ nj GKR‡bi evZ©v A‡bï Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqv| wZwb wb‡R wKQyB Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| wZwb mKj wel‡q Ck¦‡ii ev›`v I AbyMZ| Ck¦i KZ©…K wZwb †cÖwiZ nb Ges Zv‡K Zvi wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© wKQy ej‡Z †Ìqv nqwb|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 201 wgjUb Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb †h wZwb G gZ cÖKv‡k¨ e¨³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| KviY Zv‡Z Zvi e¨w³MZ wbivcËv wecbœ n‡Z cviZ Ges Zvi Ae ’vI weWj I mg‡MvÎxq Ab¨‡ì gZ y ©kvc~Y© nIqvi Avk¼v wQj| 1611 L„. wgjU‡bi RxeÏkvq wg: †jMvU I wg: IqvBUg¨vb (Legatt and wightman) bvgK yÕe¨w³‡K ivRvi Aby‡gv`bµ‡g Rxeš— cywo‡q gviv nq| Zv‡ì Aciva wQj †h Zviv wcZv, cyÎ I cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K wb‡q cÖPvwiZ wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx wQ‡jb bv| Zviv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h hxï †hgb Ck¦‡ii cÖK…Z ^vfvweK mš—vb bb †Zgwb Ck¦‡ii mËv, wPiš—bZv I me©gq ¶gZvi Abyiƒc †Kvb ¸Y Zuvi wQj bv| hxï wQ‡jb wbQK GKRb gvbyl, GKB e¨w³ mËvq Ck¦i I gvby‡li mgwš^Z wKQy wZwb wQ‡jb bv| wgjUb †Kb Zvi RxeÏkvq bxie wQ‡jb, G †_‡KZv eySv hvq| Rb jK (John Locke) 1632-1704 L„. mvgvwRK Pzw³ wel‡q wewfbœ MÖš’ iPbvi R‡b¨ mycwiwPZ Rb †jvKI GKZ¡ev`x wQ‡jb| wKš‘ wZwbI Zv cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYv Ki‡Z fxZ wQ‡jb| ivR‰bwZK „wófw½i Kvi‡Y GK ch©v‡q wZwb Bsj¨vÛ Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| 1688 mv‡ji wec−†ei ci †`‡k wd‡i wZwb wbwðZ K‡ib †h wZwb mivmwi PvP© kw³i we‡ivwaZv Ki‡eb bv| KviY Gi d‡j Av‡iv wbcxob- wbh©vZ‡bi Avk¼v wQj| hyw³ mg_©‡b Zvi cvwÊZ¨c~Y© MÖš’I PvP© cQ›` K‡iwb| Ab¨ GKwU MÖš’ Zv‡K †ebvgx‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡Z nq| hv †nvK, Rvbv hvq †h wZwb hxï L„‡ói †Mvovi w`‡Ki wkl¨‡ì wk¶v Aa¨qb K‡ib Ges wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm Kivi †Kvb hyw³ Luy‡R cvbwb| wZwb weÁvbx wbDU‡bi Nwbô eÜz wQ‡jb| Zuvi mv‡_ Gme e¨vcvi wb‡q wZwb Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb †h ¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i Zvi gZ wQj AZ¨š—

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 202weZwK©Z| †jvK I wbDU‡bi eÜz jx †K¬qvi e‡j‡Qb, GKw`‡K GZ `¶Zv wb‡q A_ev Ab¨w`‡K GZ fyj cÖwZwbwaZ¡, weåvwš— I AÁZv wb‡q Avi †Kvb weZwK©Z welq Ggbfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ nqwb| Kw_Z Av‡Q †h jKB 1689 L„. mwnòyZv AvB‡bi (Act of Toleration) cÖ‡YZv wQ‡jb| m¨vi AvBRvK wbDUb (Sir Isac Newton) 1642-1727 L„. myweL¨vZ Bs‡iR Kwe Av‡jKRvÊvi †cv‡ci (Alexander pope) KweZvq wbDU‡bi eY©vX¨ Rxeb wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e: cÖK…wZ I cÖK…wZi weavb XvKv c‡o wQj iv‡Z Ck¦i ej‡jb ÒwbDUb m„wó nIÓ Ges me Av‡jvwKZ nj|Ó43 wbDUb wQ‡jb Zv‡ìB GKRb hviv Zv‡ì wek¦vm‡K cÖKv‡k¨ e¨³ Kiv weP¶YZvi cwiPvqK e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb bv| 1690 L„. Rb 5 : 7 I Zxg_xq 3 t 16 cÖm‡½ wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui e³‡eï weK…wZ wel‡q Zvi gš—e¨ msewjZ GKwU ¶z ª c¨v‡KU wZwb Rb j‡Ki Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡ib| wZwb Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb †h †h‡nZz GUv Bsj¨v‡Ê cÖKvk Kiv wec¾bK †m Kvi‡Y Rb jK Zvi cyw —KvwU divmx fvlvq Abyev` I d«v‡Ý cÖKv‡ki Kv‡R mnvqZv Ki‡eb| G cvÊywjwci bvg wQj : ÒGb wn‡óvwiKvj GKvD›Um Ad Uz †bv‡Uej Kivckbm Ae w¯ŒcPvi (An Historical Accounts of Two Notable Corruptiouns of scripture)| 1692 mv‡j AÁvZbvgv e¨w³i iPbv wn‡m‡e Gi j¨vwUb Abyev` cÖKv‡ki †Póv †bqv nq| wbDUb e¨vcviUv ïb‡Z †c‡q G cÖKvkbv e‡Üi eë ’v †bqvi R‡b¨ jK‡K Aby‡iva K‡ib| KviY, Zvi aviYv wQj †h, mgqwU G cyw —Kv cÖKv‡ki AbyK‚j bq| wbDUb Zvi Ôwn‡óvwiKvj GKvbD›UmÕ MÖ‡š’ Rb 5 : 7 cÖm‡½ e‡j‡Qb :

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 203 ÒwÎZ¡ev` m¤ú‡K© †R‡iv‡gi mgq Ges Zvi Av‡M I c‡i wek¦e¨vcx AZ¨š— kw³kvjx `xN©Kvjxb I ¯’vqx †Kvb weZ‡K©B wZb Ck¦‡ii welqwU KL‡bvB wQj bv| GUv GLb cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gy‡L Ges Kv‡Ri cÖavb wfwË wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ Ges wbwðZfv‡e Zv‡ì R‡b¨B Zv Kiv n‡q‡Q †hfv‡e Zv‡ì MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z i‡q‡Q|Ó wbDUb Av‡iv e‡jb : hviv †hvM¨, G e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì †ev‡av`q nIqv DwPZ| Avgvi c‡¶ wKQy Kiv m¤¢e bq| hw` GUv eiv nq †h Avgvi ag©MÖš’ Kx Zv wba©viY Ges e¨w³MZ wePv‡ii †KD †bB †m‡¶‡Î †h me ’v‡b we‡iva †bB †mLv‡b Avwg GUv ¯xKvi Kwi, wKš‘ †hLv‡b we‡iva Av‡Q †mLv‡b Avwg me‡P‡q fvj eywS, ZvB Kwi| gvbe mgv‡Ri DËß †gRvR I Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ Ask ag©xq e¨vcv‡i wPiKvjB inm¨gqZvi f³, Avi G Kvi‡YB Zviv hv Kg †ev‡S †mUvB †ewk cQ›` K‡i| G ai‡bi †jv‡KivB †cÖwiZ ~Z †hvnb‡K †hfv‡e Lywk eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Zvi cÖwZ Avgvi Ggb kÖ×v‡eva i‡q‡Q hv‡Z Avwg wek¦vm Kwi wZwb †h D‡Ï‡k¨ wj‡L‡Qb hv †_‡K fvjUzKz MÖnY Kiv hvq|44 wbDU‡bi g‡Z, GB AskwU Givmgv‡mi wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui Z…Zxq ms¯‹i‡Y cÖ_g †`Lv hvq| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb †h GB ms¯‹iY cÖKv‡ki Av‡M GB wg_¨v AskwU wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U wQj bv| wbDUb e‡jb, ÒZviv hLb GB ms¯‹i‡Y wÎZ¡ev` †cj ZLb Zviv wb‡RivB wb‡R‡ì ag©MÖš’ †_‡K _vK‡j Zv Quy‡o †djj †hgb †jvKRb cy‡iv‡bv AvjgvbvK‡K Quy‡o †d‡j| G ai‡bi cwieZ©‡bi NUbv wK †Kvb we‡ePK e¨w³‡K mš‘ó Ki‡Z cv‡i?Ó wZwb e‡jb, Òfv½v ev`¨h‡š¿ myi †Zvjvi gZB GUv a‡g©i Rb¨ DcKvix nIqvi cwie‡Z© wec¾bK|Ó 1 Zxg_xq 3 : 16 cÖm‡½ wbDUb e‡jb, DËß I `xN© ’vqx Avwiqvb weZ‡K©i †Kvb mg‡qB GUv †kvbv hvqwb.... hviv e‡j †h

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 210 Ck¦i GK gnvb I wewPÎ ¸Y nj me©gq I AbwR©Z me©gq kw³gËv| whwb mKj wKQy A‡jŠwKKfv‡e Ges wb‡Ri B”Qvbyiƒc Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv wZwb KL‡bvB m‡e©v”P mËv n‡Z cv‡ib bv| hw` wZwb Ab¨ Kv‡iv mvnvh¨ bv wb‡q wKQy Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib, Zuv‡K Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Ac~Y©v½ Î“wUhy³ mËv e‡j g‡b nq †h‡nZz wZwb A‡bï mvnv‡hï gyLv‡c¶x Ges Zuvi wb‡Ri Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K AwZwi³ kw³i cÖwZ wZwb wbf©ikxj| GLb my®úófv‡e cÖZxqgvb †h hxï (Zuvi ¶gZv hvB _vK bv †Kb) evi evi ^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h Zuvi wb‡Ri Amxg kw³ wQj bv : ÒAvwg wb‡R wKQyB Ki‡Z cvwi bvÓ (†hvnb 5 : 30)| wZwb gnv A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, †hgb g„Z‡ì cybi“¾xeb, mK‡ji cÖwZ mgwePvi Kiv; wZwb my úó fvlvq e‡jb, gvby‡li Rvbv DwPZ †h Gme †¶‡Î Zuvi B”Qv c~iY Kivi gvwjK Ck¦i| ïi“‡Z wZwb e‡jb, ÒcyÎ wKQyB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Zvi wcZv hv K‡ib †m ZvB ïay †`‡L|Ó ZvB, gv‡S G‡mI wZwb GKB K_v e¨³ K‡ib| wZwb †hb Zuvi gnvb mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© Lye †ewk AsnKvix bv n‡q I‡Vb †m R‡b¨ wZwb Dcmsnv‡i e‡jb, ÒAvwg wb‡R †_‡K wKQyB Ki‡Z cvwi bvÓ ... wbwðZfv‡e GwU Ck¦‡ii K_v bq, GKRb gvby‡li K_v| whwb m‡e©v”P wZwb Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K wKQy MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| wZwb Zuv‡K wb‡Ri †P‡q AwaK kw³kvjx ev Ávbx wn‡m‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, †Kbbv cwic~Y© †kÖô‡Z¡i mv‡_ Avi wKQy †hvM n‡Z cv‡i bv| †h‡nZz Ck¦‡ii ¶gZv GKwU AZ¨vek¨K c~Y©Zv †m‡nZz †mwU hw` D™¢‚Z nq Zvn‡j mËv ev Aw¯—‡Z¡i †¶‡ÎI Zv NU‡e hv wKbv m‡e©v”P mËvi wei“‡×B AegvbbvKi| Zuv‡K D™¢‚Z mËv mg~‡ni g‡a¨ ’vcb Kiv Zuv‡K ÒA- Ck¦iÓ KiviB kvwgj| m‡e©v”P Ck¦i cÖK…Zc‡¶ ïaygvÎ wZwbB whwb GKK Ges mKj wKQyi g~j| gvK© Zvi Mm‡c‡ji 13 : 32 †k−v‡K hxï m¤ú‡K© †h weeiY w`‡q‡Qb, Ggwjb Zv cix¶v K‡i‡Qb| wePvi wèm m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 212Ck¦i wZbRb bb, GKRb|

Ggwjb †mB mZ¨ †NvlYvKvix wfbœ gZvej¤^x‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb cÖ_g mvwii Ab¨Zg hvi wÎZ¡ev‡` Awek¦v‡mi K_v cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYv Kivi mvnm wQj| †h me hvRK Zvi mv‡_ †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb, hviv Avwiqv‡mi Abymvix wQ‡jb Ges AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K Avwiqv‡mi Abymvix I Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡ev`x‡ì msL¨v wQj D‡j-L‡hvM¨| Ggwj‡bi wePv‡ii `k eQi ci hxïi Kw_Z Ck¦iZ¡ wb‡q cÖ‡kœi djkÖ“wZ‡Z †h Pvcv Am‡š—vl m„wó n‡qwQj, PvP© Ae Bsj¨vÊ Zvi ZxeªZv Dcjwä K‡iwQj| 1712 L„. m¨vgy‡qj K¬vK (Samuel Clarke) Gi “Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity” MÖš’ cÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q †m Pvcv Am‡š—v‡li we‡ùviY N‡U| G MÖ‡š’ ÒwcZv Ck¦i n‡jb m‡e©v”P Ges L„ó I cweÎ AvZ¥v Zvi Aaxb ’ m„wóÓÑ GK_v cÖgv‡Yi R‡b¨ wZwb wewfbœ ag©MÖš’ †_‡K 1251 wU Ask D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| K¬vK© c‡i G_vbvwmqv‡mi ag©gZ I Ab¨vb¨ wÎZ¡ev`x êwkó¨ eR©b K‡i me©mvavi‡Yi Dc‡hvMx cÖv_©bv MÖ‡š’i GKwU m¤úvw`Z ms¯‹iY cÖKvk K‡ib| Ugvm Ggwjb 1741 L„. RyjvB gv‡m ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| w_Iwdjvm wjÊ‡m (Theophilus Lindsey) 1723-1808 L„. w_Iwdjvm wjÊ‡m 1723 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb Bsj¨v‡Ê cÖ_g GKZ¡ev`x‡ì mgv‡ek Abyôv‡bi msMVK| 60 eQi c~‡e© m¨vgy‡qj K¬v‡K©i ms‡kvabxi wfwË‡Z ms‡kvwaZ cÖv_©bv ixwZ eënvi K‡i Ges cÖPwjZ cÖ_vbyhvqx mv`v AvOivLv ev DËievm Qvov Avj‡Lj−v cwiavb K‡i wjÊ‡m jÊ‡bi G‡m· wóª‡Ui GK wbjvg K‡¶ cÖ_g cÖv_©bv mfvq †en&Rvwgb d«vsKwjb I †Rv‡md wcÖówj mn eû msL¨K gvbyl †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| c‡ii w`b wjÊ‡m Zvi GK eÜzi Kv‡Q †jLv c‡Î G NUbvi weeiY †`b :

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 213 Avcwb ï‡b Lywk n‡eb †h MZKvj me wKQy Lye fvjfv‡eB m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| Avwg hv aviYv K‡iwQjvg Zvi †P‡q A‡bK eo mgv‡ek n‡qwQj Ges eû MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³ G‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib| Zv‡ì AvPiY wQj cwikxwjZ I mvwe©Kfv‡e my›ì| Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB cÖv_©bv mfv‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e AZ¨š— m‡š—vlRbK e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| wKQy †Mvj‡hv‡Mi Avk¼v Kiv n‡qwQj| Z‡e †Kvb wKQy N‡Uwb| GKgvÎ †h Î“wU †`Lv wM‡qwQj Zv n‡jv GB †h Av‡qvRb cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq †QvU g‡b nw”Qj| Abyôvb †_‡K AbyK‚j cÖwZwµqv m„wó n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡”Q, mevB ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Q I m‡š—vl cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| Avgvi GLb cÖZ¨q R‡b¥‡Q †h G cÖ‡Póv Ck¦‡ii Avkxe©v‡` e¨vcK Kj¨v‡Y Avm‡e| Avgv‡ì I Pv‡P©i cÖv_©bvi g‡a¨ êcixZ¨ cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki „wó AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡K GK_v ejvi R‡b¨ ¶gv Ki‡eb †h Avgvi j¾v‡eva Kiv DwPZ wQj †h, Avwg GKwU mv`v †cvkvK c‡i Abyôv‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡qwQjvg| Dcw¯’Z †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ †KDB GUv Pvqwb e‡j g‡b n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †h †Kvb ANUb N‡Uwb, ïay G Kvi‡YB Avwg mš‘ó bB, Avwg m¤ú~Y© Abyôv‡bi e¨vcv‡iB mš‘ó hv Av‡M KL‡bv nBwb| GK_v Avgv‡K AveviI ej‡Z n‡”Q| Ck¦‡ii Avkxe©v` I Ki“Yvi d‡j Avgiv GUv fvjfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ| Avgiv ïay Avkv †cvlY Kwi †h Avgv‡ì Kg©KvÊ Pvwj‡q †h‡Z Zuvi Avkxe©v` I Ki“Yv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e...|51 G‡m· wUª‡Ui GB ag©xq mgv‡ek Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡vev`x‡ì evwg©snvg, g¨v‡Âói I Bsj¨v‡Êi Ab¨vb¨ kn‡i †QvU wMR©v (Chape) cÖwZôvq DrmvwnZ K‡i| wMR©vq ag©cvj‡bi ^vaxbZv gZev`MZ ¯^vaxbZvi weKvk NUvq| Gi d‡j 1790 L„. A·‡dvW© I †KgweªR wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ e³…ZvKv‡j wjÊ‡m mK‡ji Kv‡Q my úó I mnR K‡i †Zvjvi R‡b¨ wb‡æv³ ÒmZ¨Ó

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 214¸‡jv e¨³ K‡ib hvi Kv‡Q cweÎ MÖš’mg~‡n wek¦vmx mKj gvbyl Av‡M ev c‡i Aek¨B bwZ ^xKvi Ki‡e I †g‡b †b‡e: Ck¦i GKRb| wZwb GKK mËv, whwb Ck¦i wZwb GKgvÎ mªóv I mKj wKQyi mve©‡fŠg cÖfy; hxï Bqvû`x RvwZf~³ GKRb e¨w³ wQ‡jb, wZwb wQ‡jb Ck¦‡ii ev›`v, Zuvi Øviv wecyj gh©v`v gwÊZ I m¤§vb cÖvß; AvZ¥v A_ev cweÎ AvZ¥v †Kvb e¨w³ bb A_ev eyw× Ávb m¤úbœ cÖvYx bb, wZwb ïay GK we‡kl kw³ A_ev Ck¦‡ii Dcnvi, wZwb hxïL„‡ói RxebKv‡j Zv‡K msev`vw` cÖ vb Ki‡Zb Ges Zvi cieZ©x mg‡q wZwb ag© cÖPviKMY I eû Avw` L„óvb‡K mvdj¨ RbK fv‡e Mm‡c‡ji cÖPvi I cÖmvi kw³ I Drmvn RywM‡q‡Qb (†cÖwiZ‡ì Kvh© 1 : 2)| Ges GB wQj Ck¦i, Ges L„ó Ges cweÎ AvZ¥v msµvš— gZev` hv ag©cÖPviKMY KZ©…K wk¶v cÖ vb Ges Bqvû`x I †cŠËwjK‡ì Kv‡Q cÖPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|52 GB AvaywbK cÖZ¨q `„pZvi ga¨ w`‡q Bs‡iR GKZ¡ev` Zvi †kÖôZg hy‡M cÖ‡ek K‡i| wjÊ‡m Zvi iPbvq hxï L„ó †h Ck¦i bb, †mB mZ¨ cÖwZôvi R‡b¨ wb‡æv³ hyw³ cÖ k©b K‡ib : hxï KL‡bvB wb‡R‡K Ck¦i e‡j †NvlYv ev AvL¨vwqZ K‡ibwb| GgbwK, wZwb GK e¨w³ hvi Øviv mKj wKQy m„wó n‡q‡Q GiKg mvgvb¨Zg †Kvb AvfvmI wZwb †`bwb| Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui cweÎ MÖš’ ‡jvi me¸‡jv‡ZB ïay GK e¨w³, GK wh‡nvfv, GK Ck¦i, Zv‡K GKv Ges mKj wKQyi mªóv e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q| †hvnb Gi Mm‡cj Gi 5 : 7 †kK cÖm‡½ D‡jL¨ †h †hvn‡bi gZ GKRb ag©wbô Bqvû`x nVvr K‡i GKRb Ab¨ mªóv, GKRb bZzb Ck¦i nvwRi Ki‡eb, GUv wek¦vm‡hvM¨ bq| wZwb KLb GB A™¢yZ gZev` D™¢veb Ki‡jb Ges †Kvb ¶gZve‡j Zv

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 215cÖPvi Ki‡jb, †mUv Rvbv hvq bv| we‡kl K‡i wZwb wb‡RB †hLv‡b wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h gymv Av. bexi weavb Abyhvqx wh‡nvfv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Ck¦‡ii wek¦vm ’vcb ev Dcvmbv Kiv g~wZ© c~Rvi gZB GKwU Aciva Ges a‡g©i cÖwZ Aegvbbv Ki| Zvi ¸i“ cÖfy hxï wh‡nvfv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Ck¦‡i wek¦vm ’vcb ev Dcvmbv Kiv g~wZ© c~Rvi gZB GKwU Aciva Ges a‡g©i cÖwZ Aegvbbv Ki| Zvi ¸i“ cÖfy hxï wh‡nvfv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb Ck¦‡ii D‡jL K‡ibwb, wZwb wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K©I KL‡bv GiKg wKQy e‡jbwb; eis wZwb e‡j‡Qb †h, wcZv, hvi ~Z wQ‡jb wZwb, wZwbB Zv‡K wK ej‡Z n‡e Ges wK ejv DwPZ Zvi wb‡ ©kbv cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb (†hvnb 12t 49)| Mm‡cj BwZnv‡mi †jLKMb GKRb Hkx e¨w³, wcZv‡K, GKgvÎ cÖK…Z Ck¦i e‡j‡Qb (†hvnb 17 : 3) gvK©, gw_ I j~K †KDB Zv‡ì ^- ^ Mm‡cj †jLvi mgq Kv‡iv mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib wb| Zviv KL‡bvB hxï Ck¦i wQ‡jb e‡j †Kvb Bw½Z †`bwb| Zviv hw` Zv‡K Ck¦i Ges we‡k¦i mªóv wn‡m‡eB Rvb‡Zb, †m‡¶‡Î G iKg GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wel‡q Zviv wbðzc _vK‡Zb, GK_v wek¦vm‡hvM¨ bq| †hvnb whwb Zvi Mm‡c‡ji ïi“‡ZB Ck¦i‡K Ck¦i Ges hxï‡K i³ gvs‡mi gvbyl iƒcx evYx e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb, Mm‡c‡ji Aewkó As‡k wZwb hxï‡K Ck¦i e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| j~‡Ki Mm‡cj cix¶v wbix¶v Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h gv †gixi M‡f© Rb¥MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© hxïi †Kvb Aw —Z¡ wQj bv| (†h‡nZzt 3.23.38 G hxïi eskvbyµ‡gi avivevwnK D‡jL Av‡Q| 4 : 24 Ges 8 : 33 G hxï‡K Ck¦‡ii bex e‡j ^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| 7 : 16 I 24 : 19 G hxï‡K bex e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 254G‡m‡Q| Avi Zv Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi me©kw³ w`‡q, AZ¨š— ewjôfv‡e Zvi ag© wek¦v‡mi mc‡¶ I †Muvov Kzms¯‹v‡ii wei“‡× K_v e‡j| A History of Unitarianism MÖ‡š’ B.Gg. DBjevi (E. M. wilbar) P¨vwbs m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡Qb, Zvi g~j e³e¨ wQj †h ag©MÖš’ ‡jv hLb hyw³msMZfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv nq, ZLb Zv GKZ¡ev`x‡ì gZev`B wk¶v †`q| G¸‡jv‡Z i‡q‡Q cÖavb gZev`mg~n hvi Dci GKZ¡ev`x‡ì †Muvovcš’x‡ì †_‡K c„_K Ges †m¸‡jv Zviv mgybœZ †i‡L‡Q G‡Ki ci GK cix¶v AbymÜv‡bi R‡b¨... G¸‡jv K¨vjwfbev‡ì gZ A‡hŠw³K, AgvbweK I nZvkvMÖ — cwiKíbv cwic~Y© gZev‡ì wei“‡× ewjô I Ø¨_©nxb AvnŸvb Rvbvq.... Ges gvby‡li hyw³ I Ávb ewnf©~Z †mKv‡ji †Muvov L„óvb ag©xq gZev`‡K Awfhy³ K‡i|63 1823 L„. g¨vmvPz‡mU‡m GK m‡¤§jb Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g Av‡gwiKvq GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb Av‡iv kw³kvjx n‡q D‡V| GB m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`v‡bi R‡b¨ hviv cÖPvi Pvjv‡Z AvMÖnx wQj, †Muvov PvP© Zv‡ì Dci wb‡lavÁv Av‡iv‡ci †Póv Pvwj‡q e¨_© nq| GB e¨_©Zv GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K cÖKvk¨ iƒc jv‡f mvnvh¨ Ges Gi wewfbœ mgm¨v‡K Awfbœ ^v_©i¶vq HKë× K‡i| 1827 L„. P¨vwbs Gi weL¨vZ GK ag©xq e³…Zvi ga¨ w`‡q wØZxq GKwU Pv‡P©i cÖwZôv N‡U| B. Gg. DBjevi wj‡L‡Qb, GB mydj jv‡fi K…wZZ¡ cÖavbZ ZviB cÖvc¨ G Kvi‡Y †h my®úófv‡e ^xKvi Kiv bv n‡jI wÎZ¡-ev` AvbyôvwbK cÖPvi m‡Ë¡I †Muvov ag© wek¦v‡mi †K› ªxq Ae ’vb wejyß nj, Ges Zvi ¸i“Z¡ Avi Av‡Mi gZ iBj bv| Dciš‘ K¨vjwfbev‡ì gZev` GK bZzb e¨vL¨v jvf Kij hv hvRKiv BwZc~‡e© fxwZi mv‡_ cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Zb|64 me NUbv cÖwZ‡iva Qvov N‡Uwb| 1833 L„. GKZ¡ev`x‡ì‡K VvÛv gv_vq Awek¦vmx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq Ges Zv‡ì Ggb wbcxob Kiv nq †h, Zvi Kv‡Q ag©xq AmwnòyZv I †Muvovwgi c~‡e©i mKj bwRi

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Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 261AswkZ Ck¦‡ii mvaviY AbyMÖ‡ni Ges AswkZ cvcx gvbyl KZ©…K Ck¦‡ii cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki Aceënv‡ii dmjI e‡U|2

GLv‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq nj †h fm evB‡ej †h me weK…wZi wkKvi n‡q‡Q Zvi me¸‡jvi D‡jL K‡ibwb|

A-L„óvb ag© wek¦v‡mi hyMcr MÖnY I eR©‡bi GB mgm¨v cwinv‡ii cÖ‡Póv G hyw³‡Z ïi“ nj †h wKQy L„óvb Òwb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ ÔCk¦‡ii L„‡óÕi cÖfve Dcjwä Ki‡Q whwb wPiš—b wek¦ wbqš¿K A_ev Ck¦i wn‡m‡e n‡”Qb ÒAv‡jv whwb cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡ib|Ó DBwjqvg †U¤új (W. Temple) GB gZ mg_©b K‡i wj‡L‡Qb- ÒCk¦‡ii evYx, ej‡Z †M‡j hxï L„ó, whkvBq (Isaiah) I c−v†Uv, hi_ªyóª (Zoroastor) ey× I Kbdzwmqvm †m mZ¨B wj‡L‡Qb I e‡j‡Qb hv Zviv †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| Hk¦wiK Av‡jv GKUvB Ges cÖwZwU gvbylB Zvi wbR wbR cwigvc Abyhvqx Zv Øviv Av‡jvwKZ n‡q‡Q|Ó3 GB e³‡e¨ †h yÕwU wel‡qi Dci †Rvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Zv nj ÒGK Hk¦wiK Av‡jvÓ Ges ÒL„óÓ| G `yÕwU Avm‡j GKB welq| †h‡nZz L„ó ÔKíbviÕ welq, ZvB G gZev` e¨_© Ges mgm¨v weivR Ki‡Q| RR© AiI‡q‡ji ÒˆØZ wPš—vÓi kiYvcbœ n‡jB ïay Zv cwinvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wZwb G‡K G fv‡e msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb :

ÔˆØZ wPš—vÕi A_© nj hyMcr fv‡e yÕwU ci¯úi we‡ivax kw³‡K aviY Kiv Ges Zv‡ì Dfq‡KB MÖnY Kiv| `jxq eyw×Rxex Rv‡bb †h wZwb ev —‡ei mv‡_ fuvIZvevwR Ki‡Qb, wKš‘ ˆØZ wPš—vi cÖ‡qvM Øviv wZwb wb‡R‡K mš‘óI Ki‡Qb †h ev —eZv jswNZ n‡”Q bv|4

L„óB Ck¦iÑ GKRb L„óv‡bi GB †gŠwjK aviYvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q ÔˆØZ wPš—vÕi Ae ’vb| hxïi yÕwU cÖK…wZi êcixZ¨ †_‡K †h aviYv m„wó n‡q‡Q, ˆØZ wPš—v Zv‡K †eób K‡i Av‡Q| GK gyn‚‡Z© wZwb gvbyl| Ab¨ gyn‚‡Z© wZwb Ck¦i| cÖ_‡g wZwb whï, Zvi c‡i wZwb

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 262L„ó| GKRb gvbyl hyMcrfv‡e yÕwU ci¯úi we‡ivax wek¦vm aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GUv ïay ˆØZ wPš—vi cÖ‡qv‡MB m¤¢e| GKgvÎ ˆØZ wPš—vi ØvivB wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm ’vcb I Zv eRvq ivLv hvq|

PvP© Ae Bsj¨v‡Êi 39 wU Aby‡”Q‡ì g‡a¨ 7g Aby‡”Q` ïi“ n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e :

ÒIì †Uóv‡g›U bZzbwUi we‡ivax bq....Ó wgëb ¯úófv‡e †`wL‡q‡Qb †h Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui eû As‡k Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i cÖwZ mg_©b e¨³ n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b Ggb GKwU AskI †bB †hLv‡b Hk¦wiK mZ¨‡K wÎZ¡ev‡ì iƒ‡c eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Iì †Uóv‡g›U I Mm‡cj¸‡jv‡Z GKZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZ mg_©b Ges GKB mg‡q wÎZ¡ev‡ì cÖwZ mg_©b m¤¢eZ AvR‡Ki L„óvb a‡g©i g‡a¨ ˆØZ wPš—vi cÖfv‡ei †kÖôZg D`vniY| Gfv‡e hxï hv wk¶v †`bwb, †mB gZev` wfwËK Pv‡P©i Awawe`¨vi hyw³ ïay hxïi gh©v`v‡KB ¤−vb K‡iwb, Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡‡KI ¶zYœ K‡i‡Qb| AvR‡Ki L„óvb a‡g©i †h Aa¨vZ¥ `k©b Zv hxïi AvbxZ Aa¨vZ¥ `k©‡bi m¤ú~Y© we‡ivax| hxïi wk¶vi ev —e w`K¸‡jv A_©vr Zuvi AvPiY wewa AvR wPiZ‡ii R‡b¨ wejyß| hxïi Rxeb-hvcb Abyhvqx Rxeb hvcb Kivi gva¨‡gB Zuvi evYx Dcjwä Kiv m¤¢e, wKš‘ hxïi AvPi‡Yi †Kvb weeiY GLb Kvh©Z Avi wU‡K †bB| G m¤ú‡K© hrmvgvb¨ hv Rvbv hvq, ZvI AvR D‡cw¶Z| hxïi mePvB‡Z †gŠwjK KvR wQj mªóvi DcvmbvÑ †h D‡Ï‡k¨B ïay gvbyl‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLb GUv ¯úóZB cÖZxqgvb nq †h hxï †h Dcvmbv Ki‡Zb, †Kvb L„óvbB GLb †m Dcvmbvi KvR K‡i bv| hxï mvaviY wmbvM‡M Dcvmbv Ki‡Zb| wZwb cÖwZw`b wba©vwiZ mg‡q Dcvmbv Ki‡ZbÑ mKvj, ycyi I mÜ¨vq| Zuvi Dcvmbvi cÖK…Z weeiY AvR Avi cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e Rvbv hvq †h gymvi Av. cÖwZ †h iKg Dcvmbvi wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡qwQj, ZvB wQj Zuvi Dcvmbvi wfwË| hxï ej‡Zb, wZwb wewa-weavb‡K mgybœZ ivLvi R‡b¨B G‡m‡Qb|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 263†m¸‡jvi we› ygvÎ aŸsm mvab ev ¶wZ Kivi R‡b¨ bq| hxï‡K 12 eQi eqm †_‡KB †Ri“hv‡j‡g wmbvM‡M wk¶v cÖ vb Kiv n‡qwQj| wZwb wmbvMM‡K cwi®‹vi- cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Zb| †Kvb L„óvb‡KB GLb G ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| hxïi gZ K‡i KÕRb L„óvb LZbv Kwi‡q‡Qb? AvR Pv‡P© †h cÖv_©bv AbywôZ nq Zvi cÖPjb ïi“ nq hxïi Aš—a©vb NUvi eûKvj ci| Zuvi A‡bK¸‡jvB mivmwi G‡m‡Q †cŠËwjK †MÖ‡Kv- †ivgvb (Graeco-Roman) †cŠivwYK ixwZ-bxwZ †_‡K| GLb Zviv †h cÖv_©bv evK¨ cvV K‡i, Zv hxïi cÖv_©bv evK¨ bq| Zviv †h † —vÎ †M‡q _v‡K Zv hxïi MvIqv † —vÎ bq| cj I Zv‡ì Abymvix‡ì gw —®‹ cÖm~Z gZev‡ì Kvi‡Y †Kvb wRwbm LvIqv nvivg Avi †KvbwU bqÑ †m e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cÖZ¨v‡`kRwbZ wk¶v †bB| GLb hviv L„óvb nq, Zviv hv Lywk †L‡Z cv‡i| hxï I Zvi Abymvixiv ïay nvjvj †MvkZ †L‡Zb, Zv‡ì k~K‡ii gvsm Avnvi Kiv wbwl× wQj| Aš—a©v‡bi c~‡e© hxï me©‡kl †h Avnvi K‡ib Zv ag©xq Drme (Passover meal) Dcj‡¶ cÖ ‘Z Lv`¨| †Kvb L„óvbB AvR `xN©Kv‡ji GB Bqvû`x HwZn¨wU cvjb K‡i bv hv hxï AZ¨š— mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb| AvR Av‡iv Rvbv hvq bv †h hxï Kxfv‡e Avnvi I cvb Ki‡Zb, wZwb Kvi mv‡_ Avnvi Ki‡Zb Ges Kvi mv‡_ Avnvi Ki‡Zb bv, †Kv_vq wZwb Avnvi Ki‡Zb Ges †Kv_vq Ki‡Zb bv, KLb Avnvi Ki‡Zb Ges KLb Avnvi Ki‡Zb bv| hxï Dcevm Ki‡Zb, wKš‘ Kxfv‡e †Kv_vq Ges KLb Dcevm Ki‡Zb, ZvI Rvbv hvq bv| Zvi Dcev‡mi wbqg- Kvbyb AvR nvwi‡q †M‡Q| wZwb †Kvb Lvevi we‡kl cQ›` Ki‡Zb Ges †Kvb Lvev‡ii cÖwZ Zuvi we‡kl †Kvb ye©jZv wQj bv, ZvI Rvbv hvq bv| hxï hZw`b c„w_ex‡Z wQ‡jb wZwb weevn K‡ibwb, wKš‘ wZwb wbwl×I K‡ibwb| Mm‡c‡j Ggb †Kvb Ask †bB †hLv‡b Zuvi GKRb mnP‡iiI †KŠgvh© cvj‡bi kc_ MÖn‡Yi K_v Av‡Q| Avevi gV ev AvkÖ‡gi

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 264gZ cyi“l Aay wlZ mgvR cÖwZôvi cÖgvYI †Kv_vI †bB hwÌ Zv‡ì Dr‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z GiKg yÕGKwU m¤úÖ vq ZLb wQj| †hgb cÖ‡mbxiv| hxïi Avw` Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ hviv weevn K‡iwQ‡jb Zviv Aek¨B gymvi Av. cÖPvwiZ a‡g©i wbqg- Kvbyb Abymv‡iB Zv K‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡ì „óvš— AvR Avi AbymiY Kiv nq bv|

cvðv‡Z¨ cvwievwiK KvVv‡gvi fvOb †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h GKRb cyi“l GKRb ¿x‡jv‡Ki mv‡_ wK AvPiY Ki‡e ev GKRb gwnjv GKRb cyi“‡li mv‡_ wK ai‡bi AvPiY Ki‡eÑ G e¨vcv‡i L„óvb weev‡ni g‡a¨ †Kvb Kvh©Ki wb‡ ©kbv †bB| Mm‡cj †_‡K ˆbwZK bxwZ AvniY K‡i Zvi mvnv‡h¨ Rxeb hvc‡bi †Póv Avi hxï †Kvb wbw ©ó cwiw ’wZ‡Z †Kvb wbw ©ófv‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb e‡j ÁvZ n‡q †mfv‡e KvR Kiv GK K_v bq| KviY cÖ_gUv nj wm×vš—g~jK Áv‡bi dj, Avi wØZxqwU nj cÖZ¨v‡`k jä Áv‡bi ev¯—evqb|

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hxïi Kv‡Q Ck¦i KZ©…K cÖZ¨vw`ó evYxi †h weeiY cvIqv hvq Zv Ac~Y© I A- h_v_©| AvR‡Ki L„óvb ag© †h gZev‡ì Dci cÖwZwôZ, Gme weei‡Yi g‡a¨ Zv Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv| hxïi

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 265Kg©Kv‡Êi weeiY cÖvq m¤ú~Y©B Abycw ’Z, hrmvgvb¨ hvI ev Av‡Q ZvI Kvh©Z D‡cw¶Z| Aek¨ PvP© †h iƒ‡cB †nvK bv, me©`vB hxïi evYxi e¨vL¨vZv I AwffveK nIqvi `vwe Rvwb‡q Avm‡Q| hxï wKš‘ PvP© cÖwZôv K‡i hvbwb| wZwb Ck¦i I gvby‡li g‡a¨ ga¨ ’Zv Kivi R‡b¨ †Kvb cy‡ivwnZ ev hvRKgÊjx cÖwZôv K‡i hvbwb| Zv m‡Ë¡I †mB cÖ_gve ’v †_‡KB cÖwZwôZ cjxq PvP© me©`vB L„óvb‡ì GB wk¶v w`‡q Avm‡Q †h Zv‡ì gyw³ wbðqZv ZLbB †Ìqv hv‡e hw` Zviv PvP© hv e‡j Zv K‡i I wek¦vm ’vcb K‡i| PvP© †Kv_v †_‡K G KZ©…Z¡ ev ¶gZv †c‡q‡Q?

GB Pigcš’x KZ©…‡Z¡i `vwe †`Lv hvq †ivgvb K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i †cvc‡ì Aåvš— e‡j `vweK…Z gZev‡ì g‡a¨| KvwW©bvj nxbvb (Heenan) Gfv‡e Gi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb :

Avgv‡ì Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ GB Avðh© H‡Kï †Mvcb inm¨ nj L„‡ói †mB A½xKvi hv‡Z wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb PvP© KL‡bv mZ¨ wk¶v w`‡Z e¨_© n‡e bv| Avgiv Rvwb †h PvP© †h wk¶v †`q Avgiv Zv MÖnY Kwi| Avgiv Rvwb †h GUv Aek¨B mZ¨ n‡e... mKj K¨v_wjK hvRKB GKB gZev` wk¶v `vb K‡ib †h‡nZz Zviv mK‡jB L„‡ói cÖwZwbwaZ¡ gvb¨ K‡ib|

ÔcÖwZwbwaZ¡Õ K_vwUi A_© nj Ò†mB e¨w³ whwb A‡bï ’vb MÖnY K‡ib|Ó †cvc n‡jb L„‡ói cÖwZwbwa, †Kbbv, wZwb c„w_ex‡Z Pv‡P©i cÖavb| PvP© GKB _v‡K †h‡nZz Zvi mKj m`m¨B GKB wek¦v‡m wek¦vmx| Zviv PvP© wek¦vm K‡i, †Kbbv PvP© wg_¨v †Kvb wKQy wk¶v w`‡Z cv‡i bv| Avgiv hLb ewj †h PvP© Aåvš—, Zvi ga¨ w`‡q Avgiv G K_vB eySv‡Z PvB| L„ó Zvi PvP©‡K cwiPvwjZ Kivi cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡qwQ‡jb| G R‡b¨ wZwb †h me cš’v g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb Zvi GKwU nj Zuvi K_v ejvi R‡b¨ c„w_ex‡Z Zuvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ †i‡L hvIqv| †m Kvi‡YB Avgiv †cvc‡K

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 266Aåvš— e‡j _vwK| wZwb n‡”Q Aåvš— Pv‡P©i cÖavb| Ck¦i Zv‡K åvwš—i g‡a¨ wbcwZZ n‡Z w`‡Z cv‡ib bv|5

GLv‡b Zvrch©c~Y© welq nj †h KvwW©bvj nxbvb ïay L„‡ói K_vB e‡j‡Qb, hxïi K_v bq| wZwb Zvi e³‡eï mg_©‡b Mm‡c‡ji D‡jL K‡ibwb|

GB gZev` cÖvqkB AmvgÄm¨c~Y© e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv, hw` mKj †cvcB Aåvš— nb, Zvn‡j †Kb †cvc Abvwiqvm‡K (Honorius) MxR©vi Awfkvc †Ìqv n‡qwQj? mv¤úÖwZKKv‡j †cv‡ci DËim~wi hxïi Kw_Z µzkwe× nIqvi Rb¨ Bqvû`xiv `vqx wQj bv e‡j gZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb, Zvi A_© wK GB †h c~‡e©i mKj †cvcB †gv‡UB Aåvš— wQ‡jb bv? ÒPvP© KL‡bvB mZ¨ wk¶v w`‡Z e¨_© n‡e bv e‡j L„‡ói cÖwZkÖ“wZÕi êaZv GKv‡ji eû †ivgvb K¨v_wjKB cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb Mm‡c‡jI Aek¨ G e³‡eï mZ¨Zv Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Pv‡P©i wk¶v I ixwZ- bxwZi g‡a¨ †h wekvj duvK Zv wmbwmbvwUi AvP© wekc †Rv‡md Gj, evb©vwWb (Josheph. L. Bernadin) †K mgm¨vq †d‡j w`‡q‡Q| BD.Gm. K¨v_wjKÑ G GK mv¶vrKv‡ii evY©vwWb e‡jb, Òeû †jvKB wb‡R‡ì‡K DËg K¨v_wjK e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i hwÌ Zv‡ì wek¦vm I AvPvi- AvPi‡Yi mv‡_ Pv‡P©i AvbyôvwbK wk¶vi we‡iva †`Lv hvq| GKv‡j GKRb fvj K¨v_wjK nIqvi A_©B cÖvq bZzb iƒc aviY K‡i‡Q.... hLb (1966) ïµev‡i †MvkZ LvIqv êa nj, ZLb †h †KDB †cv‡ci KZ©…Z¡ m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i, Rb¥wbqš¿Y cvjb, hvRKe„wË Z¨vM Ges weevn Kiv A_ev hvi hv Lywk Ki‡Z cv‡i|Ó MÖxwj (Greely) wj‡L‡Qb, Òïµev‡i †MvkZ Avnvi †_‡K weiZ _vKvi A_© hxïi Dcev‡mi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ k©b Ges †h w`bwU‡Z wZwb µzkwe× nb, †m w`bwUi ¯§„wZ cvjb Kiv| †kl ch©š— Zv Pv‡P©i GK weav‡b cwiYZ nq Ges kZvãxi

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 267ci kZvãx hver Zv GK ai‡bi †ivgvb K¨v_wjK cwiPq wP nè wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|Ó

†jLK †Wvwim MÖ“gevL (Doris Grumbach) wµwUK- G wj‡LwQ‡jb : f¨vwUKvb 2 (1962 L„. wØZxq f¨vwUKvb KvDwÝj) Avgv‡K Awff~Z K‡iwQj| KviY weeY© Rxeb, Ávb I AvPi‡Yi GKvš— †h fyebÑ Zvi evB‡i Av‡iv wKQy e¨vcv‡i Zv G‡Ki AwaK Rev‡ei m¤¢vebv m„wó K‡iwQj, wKš‘ wbqg- Kvbyb I kvm‡bi gvbweK AwfÁZvi mKj †¶‡Îi b¨vq hLb Rvbvjv Ly‡j hvq, cÖ‡Z¨KwU welqB ZLb cÖ‡kœi m¤§yLxb nq| †Kvb wPiš—bZv, †Kvb c~Y©v½Zv ZLb Aewkó _v‡K bv| G mgq PvP© Avgvi Kv‡Q GKwU weZK©‡hvM¨ cÖkœ n‡q D‡V| Avwg GLbI Avgvi Rxe‡bi †K› ªkw³ wn‡m‡e Mmcj, L„ó Ges Zvi wKQy wkl¨‡K AvuK‡o a‡i i‡qwQ, wKš‘ PvP© Avgvi Kv‡Q Avi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖwZôvb bq| Avwg Avi Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cvwi bv|6

m¤ú~Y© Aåvš— bv nIqv m‡Ë¡I Pv‡P©i KZ©…Z¡ GLbI we`¨gvb| †h me PvP© Zv‡ì Dci †cv‡ci KZ©…Z¡ A ^xKvi K‡i‡Q, †mme Pv‡P©i g‡aÏ Gi wkKo Qov‡bv| hv‡nvK, AvR GB KZ©…‡Z¡i êaZv m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges Ggb ch©v‡q Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q hv c~‡e© KL‡bv nqwb| RR© n¨vwim‡bi fvlvq :

Avcwb hLb Zi“Y wQ‡jb ZLb Avcbvi wcZv- gvZv KZ©…K Avcwb Pv‡P© bxZ n‡qwQ‡jb Ges ¯‹z‡j Avcbv‡K ag© wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡qwQj| †m¸‡jv Avcbvi g‡b wKQy †iLvcvZ Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q| Gi KviY GB †h †KDB Pv‡P© hvq bv Ges Ck¦‡i wek¦vm K‡i bv| †Kb? KviY Zviv evB‡ej‡K †mfv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡iwb †hfv‡e Zv Kiv DwPZ wQj| Avwg Avm‡jB Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Kwiwb, KviY Avgv‡K †mB wk¶v †Ìqv n‡q‡Q ïay wek¦vm jv‡fi R‡b¨, Avcbvi †m R‡b¨ ytwLZ nIqvi wKQy †bB, Avgiv Avcbv‡K hv ejwQ, Avcwb ïay Zv wek¦vm Ki“b|7

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 268hxïi evbxi AwffveK‡Z¡i e¨vcv‡i Pv‡P©i wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv

m¤ú~Y© MÖnY I m¤ú~Y© cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi yÕwU †gi“i g‡a¨ GKRb L„óvb nIqvi e¨vcv‡i mKj gZvg‡Zi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q| DBj‡d«W K¨v›UI‡qj w¯§Z wj‡L‡Qb :

AvR‡Ki L„óvb Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ GZ †ewk êcixZ¨ I msNvZ, GZ †ewk †Mvj‡hvM †h L„óxq m‡Zï HKë× A_ev c×wZMZ cy‡iv‡bv Av`k© we`vq wb‡q‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y hvRK m¤úÖ v‡qi HK¨ Av‡›`vj‡b AZ¨š— †`wi n‡q †M‡Q| hv N‡U‡Q Zv nj L„óvb RMr weKí my‡hv‡Mi †LvjvLywj êwPÎ¨gq cwiw ’wZi w`‡K GwM‡q‡Q| g‡b nq, Kv‡iv c‡¶ Avi GUv m¤¢e n‡e bv †h Zv‡K AvbyôvwbK I mvgwMÖK fv‡e L„óvb nIqvi K_v ejv n‡e A_ev ejvi Kíbv Kiv n‡e| Zvi wb‡Ri R‡b¨ Zv‡KB wm×vš— w`‡Z n‡e|8

G wm×vš— †_‡K GUvB eySv hvq †h AvR hZ L„óvb Av‡Q, L„óvb a‡g©i ZZ iƒcI Av‡Q Ges hxïi evYxi AwffveK †h PvP©, cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e †mB Pv‡P©i f~wgKv GLb wecyjfv‡e n«vm †c‡q‡Q| BD, wm. Gj. G (U. C. L. A)Ñ Gi GKRb øvZK Qv‡Îi cÖkœ: Òhw` Avgvi Áv‡bi DciB me wKQy wbf©i K‡i Zvn‡j Pv‡P©i cÖ‡qvRbUv wK?Ó9

hv †nvK, PvP© AvR cwðgv ms¯‹…wZi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡eB we`¨gvb Ges G y‡qi ga¨Kvi m¤úK© GK †KŠZ‚n‡jvÏxcK welq|

weMZ K‡qK kZvãx a‡i Aw —‡Z¡i êwkó¨ Dcjwäi cÖ‡Póvq cvðv‡Z¨ wecyj cwigvY mvwnZ¨ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ eû MÖš’B gvby‡li hLb Zvi Rxeb- hvcb I Rxe‡bvcjwäi †¶‡Î cÖZ¨vw`ó Áv‡bi wbðqZv _v‡K bv ZLb †m hv Luy‡R †d‡i, †mB gvby‡li g‡bi wPš—vi m¤¢ve¨ mKj †¶‡Îi GKwU wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i| wKQy wKQy †jLK †hgb cvmKvj (Pascal) Dcjwä K‡i‡Qb †h gb GKwU mxgve× hš¿ Ges ü`q nj gvby‡li mËvi †K›`ª Ges cÖK…Z Áv‡bi Avavi :

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 269 ü`‡qi wbR ^ hyw³ Av‡Q hv hyw³i Kv‡Q AcwiwPZ|

ü`qB Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb, hyw³ bq| GUv nj ZvB, hv‡K wek¦vm ejv nq| Ck¦i ü`q Øviv Dcjä nb, hyw³ Øviv bq|10

ü`‡q cÖ‡ek jv‡fi †Póvq A‡b‡KB L„óvb ag©‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ges Ab¨ cš’v wb‡q cix¶v- wbix¶v K‡i‡Qb :

Aa¨vZ¥ev`x AwfÁZv wek¦RMr m¤ú‡K© Òm‡ZïÓ cÖK…Z Ávb jv‡fi w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvq| GB mZ¨ fvlvq cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv, eis Zv Dcjwäi welq| G‡¶‡Î gva¨g n‡Z cv‡i msMxZ, gv`K, a¨vb....|11

mZ¨ Dcjwäi GB weKí cš’v cvðv‡Z¨ e¨vcKfv‡e RbMY KZ©…K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q, cÖvqkB AvZ¥Zzwói cš’v wn‡m‡e|

cvðv‡Zï ms¯‹…wZi GB bqv avivi mv‡_ PvP© e¨vcKfv‡e wb‡R‡K Lvc LvB‡q wb‡q‡Q| PvP©‡K RbvKxY© ivL‡Z wKQy hvRK Zv‡ì Kg©m~Px‡Z †cvc MÖ“c I wWm‡Kv‡_K‡K Aš—f©y³ K‡i‡Qb hv‡Z Zi“Y mgvR‡K AvK…ó Kiv hvq| KbmvU©, cÖ k©bx Ges i¶Ykxj‡ì R‡b¨ eë ’v Kiv nq cy‡iv‡bv gv‡ji m —v `‡i weµ‡qi| `vZe¨ ms ’v¸‡jv PvP© ‡jvi mv‡_ RwoZ‡ì Rb¨ GKwU D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi eë¯’v cÖwZôvq mvnvh¨ K‡i| PvP©‡K ÒAvaywbKvqbÓ Kivi Ges Zv‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx ivLvi wbiš—i D‡`¨vM †h †Kvb cš’vq Av‡cvm Kivi cjxq Pv‡P©i `xN©Kv‡ji HwZ‡nïB cwiPq enb K‡i| PvP© hw` hxïi evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Z bvI cv‡i, b~ bZg c‡¶ GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgvwRK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRK Aek¨B n‡Z cv‡i|

GB Av‡cvm cÖwµqvi dj n‡q‡Q we‡kl K‡i MZ `k‡K ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Pv‡P©i Ae¨vnZ AvZ¥xKiY Ges Pv‡P©i cwieZ©bkxj KvVv‡gv‡Z ms¯‹…wZi cybt AvZ¥xKiY| GwU nj GKwU wØ-gyLx cÖwµqv hv cj I Zvi AbymvixMY KZ©…K ïi“ nIqvi ci †_‡K mxgvnxbfv‡e cwiewZ©Z n‡q P‡j‡Q| msMxZ, gv`K I a¨v‡bi

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 270AwfÁZvi d‡j eû †jvKB L„óvb a‡g© cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì cÖeYZv nj nq Gme AwfÁZv m¤ú~Y© cÖZ¨vL¨vb I L„óvba‡g©i †Muvov iƒcwU MÖnY A_ev Zv‡ì bZzb Rxeb aviv‡K L„óvba‡g©i Zv‡ì wbR ^ AvaywbKxK…Z iƒ‡c Aš—f©y³ Kiv| GB DfqavivB hxïi bexZ¡‡K †X‡K †d‡j‡Q| wZwb nq Ck¦i wn‡m‡e DbœxZ n‡q‡Qb A_ev A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv m¤úbœ kÖ‡×q e¨w³ wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡q‡Qb| wZwb DËg wQ‡jb, Z‡e Zv‡K fyj eySv n‡q‡Q|

cwðgv ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ Pv‡P©i m¤ú‡K©i welqwU GKv‡j †jv‡Kiv Kxfv‡e Rxeb- hvcb K‡i Zv j¶¨ K‡i †`L‡jB my®úófv‡e aiv co‡e| hviv Ck¦i‡K ¯§iY Kivi Rb¨ gV I AvkÖg¸‡jv‡Z wb‡R‡ì cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì Qvov hviv wb‡R‡ì L„óvb e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i, Zv‡ì Rxeb hvÎvi mv‡_ hviv wb‡R‡ì AÁev`x (Agnostic), gvbeZvev`x ev bvw —K e‡j `vwe K‡i, Zv‡ì Rxeb hvÎvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì ag© wek¦v‡mi cv_©K¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Zv‡ì mvaviY eënvi ev AvPi‡Y †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB|

cvðv‡Zï L„óvb †`k¸‡jv‡Z †h AvBb we`¨gvb, †hgb Rb¥ I g„Zz m¤úwK©Z AvBb, weevn I weevn we‡”Q` msµvš— AvBb, weevwnZ Rxeb I weevn Rxe‡bi evB‡i m¤úwËi AwaKvi A_ev weevn we‡”Q` I g„Zz msµvš— NUbv, `ËK MÖnY I AwffveKZ¡, evwYR¨ I wkí msµvš— AvBb Gm‡ei †KvbwUB Mm‡cj¸‡jv‡Z Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Ck¦i KZ©…K gvby‡li Kv‡Q †hme AvBb cÖZ¨vw`ó n‡q‡Q, G¸‡jv †m AvBb bq| G¸‡jv nj wm×vš—g~jK Áv‡bi dj| G¸‡jv nq †ivgvb AvBb eë ’v †_‡K DËivwaKvi wn‡m‡e G‡m‡Q A_ev `xN©Kvj a‡i †jv‡Ki mvaviY AvPvi- AvPiY Zvi wfwË A_ev cÖvPxb MÖxK‡ì cÖYxZ wewa hv MYZvwš¿K c×wZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© K‡i ms¯‹vi I ms‡kvab Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKv‡ji †Kvb Av`vj‡Z †KDB †Kvb †jv‡Ki †¶‡Î AvBb cÖ‡qvMKv‡j Drm wn‡m‡e Mm‡c‡ji K_v D‡jL Ki‡Z ev Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 271AvR‡Ki L„óvb ag© cvðv‡Zï ms¯‹…wZ †_‡K AwefvR¨| L„óvb

PvP© I ivóª GK| Gme cÖwZôv‡b †h me e¨w³ KvR K‡ib Zviv hxïi b¨vq Rxeb- hvcb K‡ib bv| L„óvb a‡g©i mvgwMÖK Ae¶‡qi KviY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq †h AvR‡Ki w`‡bi L„óvb‡ì g‡a¨ mvgvwRK AvPiY- Áv‡bi Afve i‡q‡Q Ges GB Afve Zv‡ì‡K GB Rxe‡b m & Y ewR©Z K‡i‡Q Ges g„Zz cieZ©x Rxe‡bi NUbvi R‡b¨ Zv‡ì cÖ ‘Z K‡i †i‡L‡Q| DBj‡d«W K¨v›UI‡qj w¯§Z wj‡L‡Qb :

ÔL„óvb ag©‡K mZ¨ ag© ejv †Kvb Zvrch©c~Y© e³e¨ bq| GKwUB gvÎ cÖkœ Zvrch©c~Y© hv Ck¦i A_ev Avgv‡K A_ev Avgvi cÖwZ‡ekx‡K wb‡qÑ Avi Zv nj : Avgvi L„óvb ag© mZ¨ bvwK AvcbviwU mZ¨| GB cÖ‡kœi e¨vcv‡i, hv mZ¨B GK wek¦Rbxb cÖkœ, Avgvi Kv‡Q Gi GKgvÎ êa DËiwU njÑ Lye GKUv bv. |12

GZ¶‡Yi GB Av‡jvPbvi ci †h we¯§qKi NUbvwU „wó AvKl©Y K‡i Zv nj, we‡k¦i PvP© ‡jv µgk: k~b¨ n‡q c‡o‡QÑ Avi Bmjvg a‡g©i gmwR`¸‡jv µgk: c~Y© n‡q DV‡Q|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 272beg Aa¨vq

KziAv‡b Cmv Av. gnvb Avj−vn iveŸyj Avjvgxb KZ©…K we‡kl bex gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg Gi Dci bvwRjK…Z me©‡kl Avmgvwb wKZve Avj-KziAvb Cmv Av. m¤ú‡K© Áv‡bi GKwU Drm hv mvaviY fv‡e AwaKvsk L„óv‡biB Rvbv †bB| KziAvb Avgv‡ì‡K Zvi m¤ú‡K© ïay fvjfv‡e Rvb‡ZB mvnvh¨ K‡i bv, Dciš‘ GB Rvbvi ga¨ w`‡q Zvi cÖwZ Avgv‡ì kÖ×v I fv‡jvevmv‡KI e„w× K‡i| Cmv Av. Gi R‡b¥i cÖvq 6kÕ eQi ci bvwRjK…Z me©‡kl Avmgvwb wKZve KziAvb cvK Zuvi Rxeb I wk¶v m¤ú‡K© ¸i“Z¡c~Y© eY©bv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| GKZ¡ev`x‡ì aviYvq bex Rxe‡bi wekvj †cÖ¶vcU i‡q‡Q, KziAvb †mB †cÖ¶vc‡U Cmv Av. Gi f~wgKv‡K ’vcb K‡i‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶ KziAvb Zuvi m¤ú‡K© hZUv ÁvZ K‡i‡Q, Ab¨ Avi †Kvb m~Î Zv cv‡iwb| cweÎ KziAvb Cmv Av. Gi Rxeb- Kvwnwbi wek` eY©bv cÖ vb K‡iwb, eis mywbw ©ó wKQy NUbv e¨³ K‡i‡Q| Zuv‡K †h A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv I kw³ †Ìqv n‡qwQj Zvi D‡j −L i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Zv AwaKvsk †¶‡Î mvaviY fvlvq| Abyiƒcfv‡e Avj−vn Zuvi Kv‡Q ÒBbwRjÓ bv‡g †h Avmgvwb wKZve bvwRj K‡iwQ‡jb †ek K‡qKevi Zvi D‡j −L i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ D³ wKZv‡ei mwVK welqe ‘ m¤ú‡K© we‡kl wKQy ejv nqwb| hv †nvK, wZwb Kxfv‡e c„w_ex‡Z AvMgb K‡ib, wZwb †K wQ‡jb, wZwb Kx wQ‡jb bv Ges Kxfv‡e Zvi Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi cwimgvwß N‡U Gme wel‡q KziAv‡b my úó eY©bv i‡q‡Q| Cmv Av. Gi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ „wó †Ìqvi Av‡M c„w_ex‡Z Zuvi KvR Kx wQj, wZwb Kxfv‡e cvwicvwk¦©K Ae ’vi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q wb‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zvi c‡i Kx Avmvi K_v wQj Gme welq cix¶v K‡i wb‡j Zuvi Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv mnR n‡e| GK_v evievi ejv

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 273n‡q‡Q †h Cmv Av. wQ‡jb ch©vqµ‡g AvMZ bexM‡Yi GKRb hv‡K c„w_exi gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cÖiY Kiv n‡qwQj| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb bex whwb Zuvi c~‡e© AvMZ bex‡ì wb‡ ©kbv I wk¶vB cybe© ³ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb wQ‡jb Zuvi cieZ©x bexiB c~e©m~wi| KziAv‡bi G‡Kev‡i †Mvovi w`‡KB Cmv Av. m¤ú‡K© D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q: Ges wbðq gymv‡K wKZve w`‡qwQ Ges Zvi c‡i ch©vqµ‡g ivm~jMY‡K †cÖiY K‡iwQ, gvi&qvg- cyÎ Cmv‡K ¯úó cÖgvY w`‡qwQ Ges ÔcweÎ AvZ¥vÕ∗ Øviv Zv‡K kw³kvjx K‡iwQ| (2 : 87) KziAv‡bi wb‡æv³ AvqvZ¸‡jv eû bexi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q Cmv Av. huv‡ì Aš—f©y³ wQ‡jb| Beivwng Av. m¤ú‡K© D‡j−Lc~e©K ejv n‡q‡Q :

Ges Zv‡K `vb K‡iwQjvg BmnvK I BqvKze Ges Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K mrc‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡iwQjvg; c~‡e© b~n‡KI mrc‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡iwQjvg Ges Zvi eskai `vD`, myjvqgvb, AvBqye, BDmyd, gymv I nvi“b‡KI; Avi Gfv‡eB mrKg© civqY‡ì cyi¯‹…Z Kwi| Ges hvKvwiqv, BqvnBqv, Cmv Ges Bwjqvm‡KI mrc‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡iwQjvg, Giv mK‡jB m¾b‡ì Aš—f©y³| 6 : 84-86 ivm~jM‡Yi G ZvwjKv wKš‘ GB-B m¤ú~Y© bq| G e¨vcv‡i ejv n‡q‡Q: A‡bK ivm~j †cÖiY K‡iwQ hv‡ì K_v c~‡e© Avwg †Zvgv‡K e‡jwQ Ges A‡bK ivm~j hv‡ì K_v †Zvgv‡K ewjwb| (4 : 164)

nvw`m kix‡d Av‡Q, bexM‡Yi msL¨v gynv¤§` mvj −vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg e‡j‡Qb 1jvL 24 nvRvi| Cmv Av. †h Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb G wb‡q †Kvb we‡iva ev weZ‡K©i AeKvk †bB| Avj −vn ZvÕAvjv KziAvb gRx‡` e‡jb : ∗ cweÎ AvZ¥v ej‡Z GLv‡b nhiZ wReivBj Av. †K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 274ej, ÔAvgiv Avj−vn‡Z Ges Avgv‡ì cÖwZ hv AeZxY© n‡q‡Q Ges Beivnxg, BmgvBj, BmnvK, BqvKze I Zvi eskaiM‡Yi cÖwZ hv AeZxY© n‡qwQj Ges hv gymv, Cmv I Ab¨vb¨ bexMY‡K Zv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z Cgvb G‡bwQ| Avgiv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb ZviZg¨ Kwi bv Ges Avgiv Zuvi wbKU AvZ¥mgc©YKvix| (3 : 84)

mKj bexB G e¨vcv‡i AewnZ wQ‡jb †h Avj−vn Zuv‡ì‡K GKB D‡Ï‡k¨ I GKB evYx w`‡q †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb : ¯§iY Ki, hLb Avwg bex‡ì wbKU †_‡K A½xKvi MÖnY K‡iwQjvg Ges †Zvgvi wbKU †_‡KI Ges b~n, Beivnxg, gymv, gvi&qvg-cyÎ Cmvi wbKU n‡ZI| Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K MÖnY K‡iwQjvg „p A½xKvi; mZëv`x‡ì‡K Zv‡ì mZëvw`Zv m¤^‡Ü wRÁvmv

Kivi R‡b¨| wZwb Kv‡di‡ì R‡b¨ cÖ ‘Z †i‡L‡Qb gg©š‘ kvw —| (33 : 7-8) †n ivm~jMY! †Zvgiv cweÎ e ‘ †_‡K Avnvi Ki I mrKg© Ki; †Zvgiv hv Ki †m m¤^‡Ü Avwg mwe‡kl AewnZ Ges †Zvgv‡ì GB †h RvwZÑ G‡Zv GKB RvwZ Ges AvwgB †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK, AZGe Avgv‡K fq Ki| (23 : 51-52) wZwb †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ wewae× K‡i‡Qb `xb hvi wb‡ ©k wZwb w`‡qwQ‡jb b~n‡KÑ Avi hv Avwg Iwn K‡iwQÑ †Zvgv‡K Ges hvi wb‡ ©k w`‡qwQjvg Beivnxg, gymv I Cmv‡K, GB e‡j †h †Zvgiv `xb‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki Ges G‡Z gZ‡f` Ki bv| (42 : 13) Gme Avqv‡Z G †Mvj‡hvMc~Y© c„w_ex‡Z wew”Qbœ NUbvi Rb¨ ¯§iYxq GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e Cmv Av. Gi AvMg‡bi K_v ejv nqwb, eis ejv n‡q‡Q Ggb GKRb bexi K_v hv‡K †cÖiY Kiv n‡qwQj Zvi mgq I Kv‡ji R‡b¨, Avi Zv gnv m‡Zï D‡b¥vP‡bi Ask wn‡m‡eB :

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 275 gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv‡K Zvi c~‡e© AeZxY© ZvIiv‡Zi mg_©Kiƒ‡c Zv‡ì cðv‡Z †cÖiY K‡iwQjvg Ges gyËvKx‡ì Rb¨ c‡_i wb‡ ©k I Dc‡`kiƒ‡c Zv‡K BbwRj w`‡qwQjvg, Zv‡Z wQj c‡_i wb‡ ©k I Av‡jv | (5 : 46) Dciš‘ mgq m¤ú‡K©I KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, †h wel‡q Cmv Av. wb‡RI AZ¨š— m‡PZb wQ‡jb| Zuvi Av‡M I Zuvi c‡iI mgq wbw ©ó K‡i †Ìqv n‡qwQj: ¯§iY Ki, gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv e‡jwQj : †n ebx BmivCj! Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Avj−vni ivm~j Ges Avgvi c~e© n‡Z †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q †h ZvIivZ i‡q‡Q Avwg Zvi mg_©K Ges Avgvi c‡i Avng` bv‡g †h ivm~j Avm‡eb Avwg Zvi mymsev``vZv| (61 : 6) Cmv Av. Gi AvMgb I Rb¥ m¤ú‡K© KziAv‡b wek` eY©bv i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Zvi gv‡qi Rb¥ I †e‡o IVv welq KziAv‡b gRx‡` hv D‡jL n‡q‡Q Zv D×„Z Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, KviY hxïi fwel¨r gvZv wn‡m‡e Avj−vni B”Qvq Zvi Rb¥ I Kxfv‡e wZwb wbe©vwPZ nb Zv Rvb‡Z mnvqK n‡e : ¯§iY Ki, hLb Bgiv‡bi ¿x e‡jwQj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgvi M‡f© hv Av‡Q Zv GKvš— †Zvgvi Rb¨ Avwg DrmM© Kijvg| myZivs Zzwg Avgvi KvQ †_‡K Zv Keyj Ki, Zzwg me© †kÖvZv, me©Á|Õ Zvici hLb †m Zv‡K cÖme Kij, ZLb †m ejj, Ô†n Avj−vn Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avwg Kb¨v cÖme K‡iwQ|Õ †m hv cÖme K‡i‡Q Avj−vn Zv mg¨K AeMZ| Ô †Q‡j †Zv †g‡qi gZ bq, Avwg Zvi bvg gvi&qvg †i‡LwQ|Õ ÔGes Awfkß kqZvb n‡Z Zvi I Zvi eskai‡ì Rb¨ †Zvgvi ¯§iY MÖnY KiwQ|Õ Zvici Zvi cÖwZcvjK Zv‡K mvMÖ‡n Keyj Ki‡jb Ges Zv‡K DËgiƒ‡c jvjb cvjb Ki‡jb Ges wZwb Zv‡K hvKvwiqvi ZË¡veav‡b †i‡LwQ‡jb| hLbB hvKvwiqv K‡¶ Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vr

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 276Ki‡Z †hZ ZLwb Zvi Kv‡Q Lv`¨-mvgMÖx †`L‡Z †cZ| †m ejZ Ô†n gvi&qvg! Gme Zzwg †Kv_vq †c‡j? †m ejZ- ÔAvj−vni KvQ †_‡K|Õ Avj−vn hv‡K B”Qv AcwiwgZ Rxe‡bvcKiY `vb K‡ib| †mLv‡bB hvKvwiqv Zvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡i ejj- Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K Zzwg †Zvgvi KvQ †_‡K mr eskai `vb Ki| wbðqB Zzwg cÖv_©bv kÖeYKvix|Õ hLb hvKvwiqv K‡¶ mvjv‡Z uvwo‡qwQ‡jb ZLb †d‡ikZvMY Zv‡K m‡¤vab K‡i ejj, ÔAvj−vn †Zvgv‡K Bqvnqvi mymsev` w`‡”Qb, †m n‡e Avj−vni evYxi mg_©K, †bZv, ¿x weivMx Ges cyYëvb‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb bex|Õ †m ejj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgvi cyÎ n‡e Kxfv‡e? Avgvi †Zv eva©K¨ G‡m‡Q Ges Avgvi ¿x eÜ¨v|Õ wZwb ej‡jbÑ Ô G fv‡eB|Õ Avj−vn hv B”Qv ZvB K‡ib| †m ejjÑ Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K GKwU wb`k©b `vI|Õ wZwb ej‡jb, Ô †Zvgvi wb`k©b GB †h wZb w`b Zzwg Bw½Z e¨ZxZ K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK‡K AwaK ¯§iY Ki‡e Ges mÜ¨vq I cÖfv‡Z Zvi cweÎZv I gwngv †NvlYv Ki‡e|Õ (3 : 35-41) Cmv Av. Gi wVK Av‡Mi bex wQ‡jb Bqvnqv Av.| Ôm~iv gvi&qvgÕÑ G bex Bqvnqvi A‡jŠwKK Rb¥MÖn‡Yi D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q : Bnv †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki AbyMÖ‡ni weeiY Zuvi ev›`v hvKvwiqvi cÖwZ hLb †m Zvi cÖwZcvjK‡K AvnŸvb K‡iwQj wbf„‡Z, †h e‡jwQj, ÔAvgvi Aw ’ ye©j n‡q‡Q, eva©‡K¨ Avgvi g —K †kvwfZ a~mi Pz‡j, †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avwg KL‡bv †Zvgvi cÖv_©bv K‡i wedj nBwb|Õ Avwg Avk¼v Kwi Avgvi ci Avgvi m‡MvÎxq‡ì m¤ú‡K©; Avgvi ¿x eÜ¨v, myZivs Zzwg †Zvgvi wbKU †_‡K `vb Ki DËivwaKvix,

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 277†h Avgvi DËivwaKvwiZ¡ Ki‡e Ges DËivwaKvwiZ¡ Ki‡e BqvKz‡ei es‡ki Ges †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Zv‡K Zzwg Ki m‡š—vlfvRb|Õ wZwb ej‡jb †n hvKvwiqv! Avwg †Zvgv‡K GK cy‡Îi mymsev` w`w”Q Zvi bvg n‡e Bqvnqv, G bv‡g Avwg Av‡M Kv‡iv bvgKiY Kwiwb|Õ †m ejj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! †Kgb K‡i Avgvi cyÎ n‡e hLb Avgvi ¿x eÜ¨v I Avwg eva©‡Kï †kl mxgvq DcbxZ?Õ wZwb ej‡jb : ÔGiƒcB n‡e|Õ †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK ej‡jb, ÔGUv Avgvi Rb¨ mnR, Avwg †Zv Gi Av‡M †Zvgv‡KI m„wó K‡iwQ hLb Zzwg wKQyB wQ‡jb bv|Õ hvKvwiqv ejj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K GKwU wb‡ ©kb `vI|Õ wZwb ej‡jb, Ô†Zvgvi wb`k©b GB †h Zzwg my ’ _vKv m‡Ë¡I wZb w`b Kv‡iv mv‡_ †Kvb evK¨vjvc Ki‡e bv|Õ Gici †m Zvi Ni †_‡K †ei n‡q Zvi m¤úÖ v‡qi †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q Gj Ges Bw½‡Z Zv‡ì‡K mKvj- mÜ¨vq Avj−vni cweÎZv I gwngv †NvlYv Ki‡Z ejj| Avwg ewjjvg, Ô†n Bqvnqv! GB wKZve „pZvi mv‡_ MÖnY Ki| Avwg ˆkk‡eB Zv‡K `vb K‡iwQjvg Ávb, Ges Avgvi wbKU †_‡K ü`‡qi †KvgjZv I cweÎZv Ges †m wQj gyËvKx, wcZv- gvZvi AbyMZ| †m wQj bv D×Z I Aeva¨| Zvi cÖwZ wQj kvwš— †h w`b †m Rb¥MÖnY K‡i, kvwš— _vK‡e †h w`b Zvi g„Zz n‡e Ges †hw`b †m RxweZ Ae ’vq cybi“wÌZ n‡e| (19 : 2-15) cweÎ KziAv‡b yÕwU ’v‡b Cmv Av. Gi Rb¥ MÖn‡Yi cÖm‡½ Av‡Q: ¯§iY Ki, hLb †d‡ikZvMY e‡jwQj, Ô†n gvi&qvg! Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K g‡bvbxZ I cweÎ K‡i‡Qb Ges we‡k¦i bvix‡ì g‡a¨ †Zvgv‡K g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb|Õ

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 278Ô †n gvi&qvg! †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki AbyMZ nI I wmR`v Ki Ges hviv i“Kz K‡i Zv‡ì mv‡_ i“Kz Ki|Õ ÔGwU A „k¨ wel‡qi msev` hv †Zvgv‡K Iwn Øviv AewnZ KiwQ| gviqv‡gi ZË¡veav‡bi `vwqZ¡ †K MÖnY Ki‡e G wb‡q hLb Zviv Zv‡ì Kjg wb‡¶c KiwQj Zzwg ZLb Zv‡ì wbKU wQ‡j bv Ges Zviv hLb ev`vbyev` KiwQj ZLbI Zzwg Zv‡ì wbKU wQ‡j bv| ¯§iY Ki, hLb †dikZvMY ejj, †n gvi&qvg! Avj −vn †Zvgv‡K Zuvi c¶ n‡Z GKwU Kv‡jgvi mymsev` w`‡”Qb, Zvi bvg gmxn, gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv| †m Bn‡jvK I ci‡jv‡K m¤§vwbZ n‡e Ges Avj−vni mvwbœa¨cÖvß‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡e|Õ Ô†m †`vjbvq _vKv Ae ’vq I cwiYZ eq‡m gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v ej‡e Ges †m n‡e cyYëvb‡ì GKRb|Õ †m ejj, Ô †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K †Kvb cyi“l ¯úk© K‡iwb, Avgvi mš—vb n‡e Kxfv‡e?Õ wZwb ej‡jb, ÔG fv‡eB|Õ Avj −vn hv B”Qv m„wó K‡ib| wZwb hLb wKQy w ’i K‡ib ZLb e‡jb, ÔnI!Õ Ges Zv n‡q hvq| Ges wZwb Zv‡K wk¶v †`‡eb wKZve, wnKgZ, ZvIivZ I Bbwhj| Ges Zv‡K ebx BmivB‡ji Rb¨ ivm~j Ki‡eb| †m ej‡e, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q wb ©kb wb‡q G‡mwQ| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ Kv`vgvwU w`‡q GKwU cvwL m „k AvK…wZ ˆZwi Kie, Zvici Avwg Zv‡Z duz †è Ges Avj−vni ûKz‡g Zv cvwL n‡q hv‡e| Avwg Rb¥vÜ I Kzô †ivMx‡ì wbivgq Kie Ges Avj−vni ûKz‡g g„Z‡ì RxweZ Kie| †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì N‡i hv Avnvi Ki I gRy Ki Zv †Zvgv‡ì e‡j †è| †Zvgiv hw` wek¦vmx nI, Zvn‡j Gi g‡a¨ †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ wb`k©b Av‡Q| Avwg G‡mwQ Avgvi m¤§y‡L ZvIiv‡Z hv i‡q‡Q Zvi mg_©Kiƒ‡c Ges †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ hv wbwl× wQj Zvi KZK¸wj‡K êa Ki‡Z| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ wb`k©b

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 279wb‡q G‡mwQ| myZivs Avj−vn‡K fq Ki Avi Avgv‡K AbymiY Ki| wbðqB Avj−vn Avgvi cÖwZcvjK Ges †Zvgv‡ìI cÖwZcvjK| myZivs †Zvgiv Zuvi Bev`Z Ki‡e| GUvB mij c_| hLb Cmv Zv‡ì Awek¦vm Dcjwä Kij ZLb †m ejj, Avj−vni c‡_ Kviv Avgvi mvnvh¨Kvix? wkl¨MY ejj, Avj−vni c‡_ AvgivB mvnvh¨Kvix| Avgiv Avj−vn‡Z Cgvb G‡bwQ| Zzwg mv¶x _vK †h Avgiv AvZ¥mgc©YKvix| Ô†n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! Zzwg hv AeZxY© K‡iQ Zv‡Z Avgiv Cgvb G‡bwQ Ges Avgiv GB ivm~‡ji AbymiY K‡iwQ| myZivs Avgv‡ì m‡Zï c‡_ mv¶¨ enbKvix‡ì ZvwjKvfy³ Ki| (3 : 42-53) m~iv gvi&qv‡gI G NUbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q : eY©bv Ki, GB wKZv‡e Dwj −wLZ gvi&qv‡gi K_v, hLb †m Zvi cwievi eM© †_‡K c„_K n‡q wbf„‡Z c~e©w`‡K GK ’v‡b AvkÖq wbj, Zvici Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K †m c ©v Kij| Gici Avwg Zvi Kv‡Q Avgvi iƒn‡K (wReivBj) cvVvjvg, †m Zvi Kv‡Q c~Y© gvbyl AvK…wZ‡Z AvZ¥cÖKvk Kij| gvi&qvg ejj : Zzwg hw` Avj−vn‡K fq Ki Z‡e Avwg †Zvgvi KvQ †_‡K `qvg‡qi AvkÖq MÖnY KiwQ| †m ejj, Avwg †Zv †Kej †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK- †cÖwiZ, Avwg G‡mwQ †Zvgv‡K GK cweÎ cyÎ `vb Kivi Rb¨| gvi&qvg ejj, Ô†Kgb K‡i Avgvi cyÎ n‡e hLb Avgv‡K †Kvb cyi“l ¯úk© K‡iwb Ges Avwg e¨wfPvwiYxI bB|Õ †m ejj, ÔGfv‡eB n‡e|Õ †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK e‡j‡Qb, Ô GUv Avgvi Rb¨ mnRmva¨ Ges Avwg Zv‡K G Rb¨ m„wó Kie †hb †m nq gvby‡li R‡b¨ GK wb`k©b I Avgvi KvQ †_‡K GK AbyMÖn| G‡Zv GK w ’ixK…Z e¨vcvi|Õ Zvici †m Zv‡K M‡f© aij, c‡i Zv‡K M‡f© wb‡q GK ~ieZ©x ’v‡b P‡j †Mj| cÖme †e`bv Zv‡K GK †LRyi Mv‡Qi bx‡P AvkÖq

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 280wb‡Z eva¨ Kij| †m ejj, Ônvq, Gi Av‡M hw` Avwg gviv †hZvg Avi hw` †jv‡Ki ¯§„wZ †_‡K m¤ú~Y© wejyß n‡q †hZvg!Õ ZLb Zvi bx‡Pi w`K †_‡K †d‡ikZv Zv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ejj, ÔZzwg ytL Ki bv, †Zvgvi c`Z‡j †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK GK bni m„wó K‡i‡Qb, Zzwg †LRyi Mv‡Qi KvÊ †Zvgvi w`‡K bvov `vI, Gi d‡j †Zvgvi Dci cvKv †LRyi cwZZ n‡e| myZivs Zzwg LvI, cvb Ki I P¶z RyovI| †Zvgvi mv‡_ hw` †Kvb gvby‡li mv¶vr nq, Zv‡K ej †h Avwg `qvg‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ †gŠbZv Aej¤^‡bi gvbZ K‡iwQ| myZivs AvR Avwg wKQy‡ZB †Kvb gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v- evZ©v eje bv| Zvici †m Zvi cyÎ‡K wb‡q Zvi m¤úÖ v‡qi Kv‡Q Dcw ’Z nj| Zviv ejj, Ô †n gvi&qvg! Zzwg †Zv GK A™¢yZ KvÊ K‡iQ! †n nvi“‡Yi †evb, †Zvgvi wcZv Amr †jvK wQj bv Ges †Zvgvi gvI wQj bv e¨wfPvwiYx| Zvici gvi&qvg Zvi mš—v‡bi w`‡K Bw½Z Kij| Zviv ejj, Ô†h †Kv‡ji wkï Zvi mv‡_ Avgiv †Kgb K‡i K_v eje?Õ †m ejj, ÔAvwg †Zv Avj−vni ev›`v| wZwb Avgv‡K wKZve w`‡q‡Qb, Avgv‡K bex K‡i‡Qb, †hLv‡bB Avwg _vwK bv †Kb wZwb Avgv‡K eiKZgq K‡i‡Qb, wZwb Avgv‡K wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb hZw`b RxweZ _vwK ZZw`b mvjvZ I hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z| Avi Avgv‡K Avgvi gv‡qi cÖwZ AbyMZ K‡i‡Qb Ges wZwb Avgv‡K D×Z I nZfvM¨ K‡ibwb| Avgvi cÖwZ kvwš— †hw`b Avwg Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ, †hw`b Avgvi g„Zz n‡e Ges †hw`b Avwg RxweZ Ae ’vq cybi“wÌZ ne|Õ GB-B wQj gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv| Avwg ejjvg mZ¨ K_v, †h wel‡q Zviv weZK© K‡i|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 281mš—vb MÖnY Kiv Avj−vni KvR bq, wZwb cweÎ gwngvgq| wZwb hLb wKQy w ’i K‡ib ZLb e‡jb, ÔnIÕ Ges Zv n‡q hvq| Avj−vnB Avgvi cÖwZcvjK I †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK| myZivs †Zvgiv Zvi Bev`Z Ki; GUvB mij c_| (19 : 16-36) Cmv Av. †h ’v‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib, KziAv‡bi GKwU Avqv‡Z Zvi D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q : Ges Avwg gvi&qvg cyÎ I Zvi Rbbx‡K K‡iwQjvg GK wb`k©b, Zv‡ì AvkÖq w`‡qwQjvg GK wbivc` I cÖmªeY wewkó DuPz f~wg‡Z| (23 : 50) Cmvi Av. ˆkke I ˆK‡kvi m¤ú‡K© KziAv‡b wKQy D‡j −L Kiv nqwb| Z‡e hviv Zuvi wkl¨ n‡qwQ‡jb Zviv Zvi AvnŸv‡b Kxfv‡e mvov w`‡qwQ‡jb, †m wel‡q D‡jL i‡q‡Q : †n gywgbMY! Avj−vni `x‡bi mvnvh¨Kvix nI| †hgb gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv e‡jwQj Zvi wkl¨MY‡KÑ ÔAvj−vni c‡_ †K Avgvi mvnvh¨Kvix n‡e?Õ wkl¨MY e‡jwQj, ÔAvgivB †Zv Avj−vni c‡_ mvnvh¨Kvix|Õ Gici ebx BmivBj‡ì GK`j Cgvb Avbj Ges GK`j Kzdwi Kij| (61 : 14) cybivq Av‡iv wek` fv‡e D‡jL i‡q‡Q : AviI ¯§iY Ki Avwg hLb ÔnvIqvixÕw`M‡K GB Av‡`k w`‡qwQjvg †h †Zvgiv Avgvi cÖwZ I Avgvi ivm~‡ji cÖwZ Cgvb Avb, Zviv e‡jwQj, Avgiv Cgvb Avbjvg Ges Zzwg mv¶x _vK †h Avgiv †Zv gymwjg (AvZ¥mgc©YKvix)| ¯§iY Ki, nvIqvixMY e‡jwQj, †n gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv! †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK wK Avgv‡ì Rb¨ Avmgvb †_‡K Lv`¨ cwic~Y© LvÂv †cÖiY †cÖiY Ki‡Z m¶g| †m e‡jwQj, ÔAvj−vn‡K fq Ki, hw` †Zvgiv †gvwgb nI|Õ

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 282Zviv e‡jwQj, Avgiv PvB †h Zv †_‡K Avnvi Kwi Ges G‡Z Avgv‡ì gb mš‘ó n‡e| Avi Avgiv Rvb‡Z PvB †h Zzwg Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q mZ¨ e‡jQ Ges Avgiv Zvi mv¶x _vK‡Z PvB|Õ gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv ejj, Ô†n Avj−vn, Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡ì R‡b¨ Avmgvb †_‡K Lv`¨c~Y© LvÂv †cÖiY Ki, Zv n‡e Avgv‡ì I Avgv‡ì c~e©eZ©x I cieZ©x mK‡ji R‡b¨ Avb‡›`vrme ¯iƒc I †Zvgvi wbKU †_‡K wb`k©b| Avgv‡ì RxweKv `vb Ki, Avi ZzwgB †Zv †kÖô RxweKv`vZv| Avj−vn ej‡jb, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Zv †cÖiY Kie, wKš‘ Zvici †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD Kzdwi Ki‡j Zv‡K Ggb kvw — cÖ vb Kie †h kvw — wek¦- RM‡Zi Ab¨ †Kvb m„wó‡K Avwg †è bv| (5 : 111-115) Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v hLb Qwo‡q co‡Z ïi“ Kij, ZLb wKQy †jvK Zv MÖnY Kij, wKQy †jvK Kij bv : hLb gvi&qvg cy‡Îi „óvš— Dcw ’Z Kiv nq ZLb †Zvgvi m¤úÖ vq Zv‡Z †kvi‡Mvj ïi“ K‡i †`q Ges e‡j, ÔAvgv‡ì Dcvm¨¸‡jv †kÖô bv Cmv? Zviv †Kej evK- weZÊvi D‡Ï‡k¨B Avgv‡K GK_v e‡j| e ‘Z Zviv †Zv GK weZÊvKvix m¤úÖ`vq| †m †Zv wQj AvgviB GK ev›`v hv‡K Avwg AbyMÖn K‡iwQjvg Ges K‡iwQjvg ebx BmivB‡ji R‡b¨ „óvš—| (43 : 57-59) ..... Avwg Zv‡ì cðv‡Z AbyMvgx K‡iwQjvg Avgvi ivm~jMY‡K Ges AbyMvgx K‡iwQjvg gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv‡K, Avi Zv‡K w`‡qwQjvg Bbwhj Ges Zvi Abymvix‡ì Aš—‡i w`‡qwQjvg Ki“Yv I `qv; Avi mbœ¨vmev`Ñ †m‡Zv Avj−vni mš‘wó weav‡bi Rb¨B Zviv Gi cÖeZ©b K‡iwQj, Avwg G weavb Zv‡ì †`Bwb, A_P ZvI Zviv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡iwb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Cgvb G‡bwQj Zv‡ì Avwg w`‡qwQjvg cyi¯‹vi, wKš‘ Zv‡ì AwaKvskB mZ¨ Z¨vMx| (57t27) wZwb †h evYx enb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv wQj mnR I mij :

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 283Cmv hLb ¯úó wb`k©bmn Gj, †m e‡jwQj, ÔAvwg †Zv †Zvgv‡ì wbKU G‡mwQ cÖÁvmn Ges †Zvgiv †h wel‡q gZ‡f` KiQ, Zv ¯úó K‡i †`qvi R‡b¨| myZivs †Zvgiv Avj−vn‡K fq Ki Ges Avgvi AbymiY Ki| Avj−vnB †Zv Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK Ges †Zvgv‡ìI cÖwZcvjK, AZGe Zvi Bev`Z Ki, GUvB mij c_| (43 : 63-64) Zuvi A‡jŠwKK Kg©Kv‡Êi K_v Avevi D‡j −L Kiv n‡q‡Q: ¯§iY Ki, Avj−vn ej‡jb, Ô†n gwiqvg cyÎ Cmv, †Zvgvi cÖwZ I †Zvgvi Rbbxi cÖwZ Avgvi AbyMÖn ¯§iY Ki : cweÎ AvZ¥v Øviv Avwg †Zvgv‡K kw³kvjx K‡iwQjvg Ges Zzwg †`vjbvq _vKv Ae¯’vI cwiYZ eq‡m gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z; †Zvgv‡K wKZve, wnKgZ, ZvIivZ I BbwRj wk¶v w`‡qwQjvg, Zzwg Kv`vgvwU w`‡q Avgvi AbygwZµ‡g cvwL m „k AvK…wZ MVb I Zv‡Z duz w`‡Z, d‡j Avgvi AbygwZµ‡g wbivgq I Avgvi AbygwZµ‡g g„Z‡K RxweZ Ki‡Z; Avwg †Zvgvi ¶wZ Kiv †_‡K ebx BmjvBj‡K wbe„Ë †i‡LwQjvg; Zzwg hLb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ¯úó wb`k©b G‡bwQ‡j ZLb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Kzdwi K‡iwQj, Zviv e‡jwQjÑ G‡Zv ¯úó hv`y| ( 5 : 110) Cmv Av. Gi Rb¥MÖnYKvjxb cwiw ’wZi Kvi‡Y GKwU åvš— aviYvi m„wó nq †h wZwb ÔAvj −vni cyÎ|Õ KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q : Zviv e‡j, ÔAvj−vn mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|Õ wZwb gnvb cweÎ| wZwb Afvegy³| AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q, Zv ZuviB| G wel‡q †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q †Kvb mb` †bB| †Zvgiv wK Avj−vn m¤ú‡K© Ggb wKQy ejQ †h wel‡q †Zvgv‡ì †Kvb Ávb †bB? (10 t8) .... ¯§iY Ki, hLb Avj−vn ej‡jb : Ô†n Cmv! Avwg †Zvgvi Kvj c~Y© KiwQ Ges Avgvi Kv‡Q †Zvgv‡K Zz‡j wbw”Q Ges hviv mZ¨ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K †Zvgv‡K cweÎ (gy³) KiwQ| Avi †Zvgvi Abymvix‡ì wKqvgZ ch©š— Kv‡di‡ì Dci cÖvavb¨

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 284`vb KiwQ, Gici Avgvi Kv‡Q †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨veZ©b|Õ Zvici †h wel‡q †Zvgv‡ì gZvš—i NU‡Q Zv Avwg gxgvsmv K‡i †è| hviv mZ¨ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q Avwg Zv‡ì‡K ywbqvq I AvLiv‡Z K‡Vvi kvw — cÖ vb Kie Ges Zv‡ì †Kvb mvnvh¨Kvix †bB| Avi hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q I mrKvh© K‡i‡Q wZwb Zv‡ì cÖwZdj cy‡ivcywi cÖ vb Ki‡eb| Avj −vn Rvwjg‡ì cQ›` K‡ib bv| hv Avwg †Zvgvi wbKU wZjvIqvZ KiwQ Zv wb`k©b I mviMf© evYx †_‡K| Avj−vni Kv‡Q Cmvi „óvš— Av`‡gi „óvš— m „k| Zv‡K gvwU †_‡K m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvici Zv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔnIÕ, d‡j †m n‡q †Mj| (3 : 55-59) Ges Zviv e‡j, ÔAvj −vn mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡QbÕ wZwb AwZ cweÎ| eis AvKvkgÛjx I c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q me Avj −vniB| mewKQy ZuviB GKvš— AbyMZ| Avj−vn AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_exi mªóv Ges hLb wZwb wKQy Ki‡Z B”Qv K‡ib ZLb ïay e‡jb, ÔnIÕ. Avi Zv n‡q hvq| (2 : 116-17) Zviv e‡j, Ô`qvgq Avj−vn mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|Õ wZwb cweÎ, gnvb| Zviv †Zv Zvi m¤§vwbZ ev›`v| Zviv AvM evwo‡q K_v e‡j bv, Zviv †Zv Zvi Av‡`k Abymv‡iB KvR K‡i _v‡K| Zv‡ì mvg‡b I cðv‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q Zv wZwb AeMZ| Zviv mycvwik K‡i ïay Zv‡ì R‡b¨ hv‡ì cÖwZ wZwb mš‘ó Ges hviv Zuvi f‡q fxZ mš¿ —| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †h ej‡e, ÔAvwg Bjvn&, wZwb e¨ZxZÕ, Zv‡K Avwg cÖwZdj †è Rvnvbœvg; Gfv‡eB Avwg Rvwjg‡ì kvw — w`‡q _vwK| (21 : 26-29)

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 285Zviv e‡j, `qvgq mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| †Zvgiv †Zv GK exfrm K_vi AeZviYv K‡iQ| G‡Z †hb AvKvkgÊjx we`xY© n‡q hv‡e, c„w_ex LÊ- weLÊ n‡q hv‡e I ce©Zgvjv P~Y© weP~Y© n‡q AvcwZZ n‡e, †h‡nZz Zviv `qvg‡qi cÖwZ mš—vb Av‡ivc K‡i| A_P mš—vb MÖnY Kiv `qvg‡qi R‡b¨ †kvfb bq| AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_ex‡Z Ggb †KD †bB †m `qvg‡qi wbKU ev›`viƒ‡c Dcw ’Z n‡e bv| (19t 88-93) KziAvb Cmv Av. Gi Ck¦iZ¡ A ^xKvi K‡i‡Q : hviv e‡j, Ôgvi&qvg cyÎ gmxnB Avj−vnÕ Zviv †Zv Kzdwi K‡i‡Q| ej, Avj −vn gvi&qvg cyÎ gmxn, Zvi gvZv Ges ywbqvi mKj‡K hw` aŸsm Kivi B”Qv K‡ib Zvn‡j Zuv‡K evav †`qvi kw³ Kvi Av‡Q? Avmgvb I Rwg‡bi Ges Gi g‡a¨ hv wKQy Av‡Q Zvi mve©‡fŠgZ¡ Avj−vniB| wZwb hv B”Qv m„wó K‡ib Ges Avj −vn me© wel‡q me©kw³gvb| (5 : 17) Avj−vn hLb ej‡eb, Ô †n gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv! Zzwg wK †jvK‡ì ejwQ‡j †h †Zvgiv Avj−vn e¨ZxZ Avgv‡K I Avgvi Rbbx‡K Bjvniƒ‡c MÖnY Ki?Õ †m ej‡e, ÔZzwgB gwngvwš^Z! hv ejvi AwaKvi Avgvi †bB Zv ejv Avgvi c‡¶ †kvfb bq| hw` Avwg Zv ejZvg Z‡e Zzwg †Zv Zv Rvb‡Z| Avgvi Aš—‡ii K_v †Zv Zzwg AeMZ AvQ, wKš‘ †Zvgvi Aš—‡ii K_v Avwg AeMZ bB, Zzwg †Zv A „k¨ m¤^‡Ü mg¨K cwiÁvZ| Zzwg Avgv‡K †h Av‡`k K‡iQ Zv e¨ZxZ Avwg wKQyB ewjwb| Avwg Zv‡ì e‡jwQ : Ô †Zvgiv Avgvi I †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK Avj−vni Bev`Z KiÕ; Ges hZw`b Avwg Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wQjvg ZZw`b Avwg wQjvg Zv‡ì Kvh©Kjv‡ci mv¶x; wKš‘ hLb Zzwg Avgv‡K Zz‡j wb‡j ZLb ZzwgB †Zv wQ‡j Zv‡ì Kvh©Kjv‡ci ZË¡veavqK Ges Zzwg me© wel‡q mv¶x|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 286Zzwg hw` Zv‡ì kvw — `vI Z‡e Zviv †Zv †ZvgviB ev›`v, Avi hw` Zv‡ì ¶gv Ki Z‡e Zzwg civµgkvjx, cÖÁvgq| (5 : 116-118) Bqvû`xiv e‡j, ÔDhvBi (Ezra) Avj −vni cyÎÕ Ges L„óvbiv e‡j, Ôgmxn Avj−vni cyÎ|Õ G¸‡jv Zv‡ì gy‡Li K_v| Av‡M hviv Kzdwi K‡iwQj Zviv Zv‡ì gZ K_v e‡j| Avj−vn Zv‡ì aŸsm Ki“b| Zviv †Kgb K‡i mZ¨ wegyL nq! Zviv Avj−vn e¨ZxZ Zv‡ì cwÊZMY‡K I msmvi weivMxMY‡K Zv‡ì cÖfy (ûKz‡gi gvwjK) iƒ‡c MÖnY K‡i‡Q Ges gvi&qvg cyÎ gmx‡nKI| wKš‘ Zviv GK Bjv‡ni Bev`Z Kivi Rb¨B Avw`ó n‡qwQj| wZwb e¨ZxZ †Kvb Dcvm¨ †bB| Zviv hv‡K Zuvi kwiK K‡i Zv n‡Z wZwb KZ cweÎ! Zviv Zv‡ì gy‡Li dzrKv‡i Avj−vni †R¨vwZ wbe©vwcZ Ki‡Z Pvq| KvwdiMY AcÖxwZKiY g‡b Ki‡jI Avj −vn Zuvi †R¨vwZi c~Y© D™¢vmb Qvov Ab¨ wKQy Pvb bv| (9t 30-32) KziAvb wÎZ¡ev`‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q : †n wKZvweMY! `x‡bi e¨vcv‡i evoevwo Ki bv I Avj −vni m¤^‡Ü mZ¨ e¨ZxZ ej bv| gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv gmxn Avj−vni ivm~j Ges Zuvi evYx hv wZwb gvi&qv‡gi Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb I Zvi Av‡`k| myZivs †Zvgiv Avj−vn I Zvi ivm~‡ji cÖwZ Cgvb Avb Ges ÔwZbÕ e‡jv bvÑ wbe„Ë nI, GUv †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ Kj¨vYKi n‡e| Avj−vn †Zv GKgvÎ Bjvn| Zuvi mš—vb n‡eÑ wZwb G †_‡K cweÎ| Avmgv‡b hv wKQy Av‡Q I Rwg‡b hv wKQy Av‡Q me Avj−vniB| Kg©- weav‡b Avj −vnB h‡_ó| gmxn Avj−vni ev›`v nIqv‡K †nq Ávb K‡i bv Ges Nwbô †d‡ikZvMYI bq; †KD Avj −vni ev›`v nIqv‡K †nq Ávb Ki‡j Ges AnsKvi Ki‡j wZwb Zv‡ì mKj‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q GKÎ Ki‡eb|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 287hviv Cgvb Av‡b I mrKvR K‡i wZwb Zv‡ì‡K c~Y© cyi¯‹vi `vb Ki‡eb Ges wbR AbyMÖ‡n Av‡iv †ewk †`‡eb; wKš‘ hviv †nq Ávb K‡i I AnsKvi K‡i Zv‡ì wZwb gg©š‘ kvw — vb Ki‡eb Ges Avj−vn e¨ZxZ Zv‡ì Rb¨ Zviv †Kvb AwffveK I mnvq cv‡e bv| (4 : 171-173) KziAvb Cmv Av.Ñ Gi µzkwe× K‡i nZ¨vi `vwe cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i, c¶vš—‡i mg_©b K‡i Zuvi EaŸ©v‡ivnY‡K : Avi ÔAvgiv Avj −vni ivm~j gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv gmxn‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQÕ Zv‡ì G Dw³i Rb¨ Zviv jvbZMÖ —| A_P Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨vI K‡iwb, µzkwe×I K‡iwb, wKš‘ Zv‡ì G iKg weåg n‡qwQj| hviv Zvi m¤^‡Ü gZ‡f` K‡iwQj Zviv wbðqB G m¤^‡Ü mskqhy³ wQj; G m¤ú‡K© Abygvb Kiv Qvov Zv‡ì †Kvb ÁvbB wQj bv| GUv wbwðZ †h Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡iwb| eis Avj −vn Zv‡K Zuvi wbKU Zz‡j wb‡q‡Qb Ges Avj −vn civµgkvjx; cÖÁvgq| (4 : 157-158) P~ovš—fv‡e : hviv e‡j, ÔAvj −vnB gvi&qvg cyÎ gmxnÕ, Zviv †Zv Kzdwi K‡i‡QB; A_P gmxn e‡jwQj, Ô†n ebx BmivBj! †Zvgiv Avgvi cÖwZcvjK I †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK Avj−vni Bev`Z Ki|Õ †KD Avj−vni kwiK Ki‡j Avj−vn Zvi R‡b¨ RvbœvZ Aek¨B wbwl× Ki‡eb I Zvi Avevm Rvnvbœvg| Rvwjg‡ì †Kvb mvnvh¨Kvix †bB| hviv e‡j, Ô Avj−vn †Zv wZ‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb; Zviv †Zv Kzdwi K‡i‡QB; hwÌ GK Bjvn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb Bjvn †bB| Zviv hv e‡j Zv †_‡K wbe„Ë bv n‡j Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Kzdwi K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì Dci gg©š‘ kvw — AvcwZZ n‡eB| Z‡e wK Zviv Avj−vni w`‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡e bv I Zuvi Kv‡Q ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ki‡e bv? Avj−vn †Zv ¶gvkxj, cig `qvjy|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 288gvi&qvg cyÎ gmxn †Zv †Kej GKRb ivm~j; Zvi c~‡e© eû ivm~j MZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi gvZv mZ¨wbô wQj| Zviv Df‡qB Lv`¨ Avnvi KiZ| †`L Zv‡ì R‡b¨ AvqvZ KZ wek`fv‡e eY©bv Kwi; AviI †`L, Zviv wK fv‡e mZ¨ wegyL nq| (5 : 72-75) GB ivm~jMY, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ KvD‡K Kv‡iv Dci †kÖôZ¡ `vb K‡iwQ| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb †KD i‡q‡Q hvi mv‡_ Avj −vn K_v e‡j‡Qb, Avevi KvD‡K D”P gh©v`vI DbœxZ K‡i‡Qb| gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv‡K ¯úó cÖgvY cÖ vb K‡iwQ I cweÎ AvZ¥v Øviv Zv‡K kw³kvjx K‡iwQ| Avj −vn B”Qv Ki‡j Zv‡ì cieZ©xiv Zv‡ì Kv‡Q ¯úó cÖgvY mgvMZ nIqvi ci cvi¯úwiK hy×- weMÖ‡n wjß nZ bv; wKš‘ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f` m„wó nj| d‡j Zv‡ì wKQy wKQy Cgvb Avbj Ges wKQy wKQy Kzdwi Kij| Avj−vn B”Qv Ki‡j Zviv cvi¯úwiK hy× weMÖ‡n wjß nZ bv, wKš‘ Avj−vn hv B”Qv Zv K‡ib| (2 : 253) wKš‘Ñ Aek¨ †gvwgb‡ì cÖwZ kÎ“Zvq gvby‡li g‡a¨ Bqvû`x I gykwiK‡ìB Zzwg me©vwaK DMÖ †`L‡e Ges hviv e‡j ÔAvgiv L„óvbÕ, gvby‡li g‡a¨ Zv‡ìB Zzwg †gvwgb‡ì wbKUZi eÜzi“‡c †`L‡e, KviY Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bK cwÊZ I msmvi weivMx Av‡Q, Avi Zviv AnsKvi K‡i bv| (5 : 82)

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 289`kg Aa¨vq

nvw`m I gymwjg BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ Cmv Av. Áv‡bi Av‡iKwU Drm nj nvw`m, Avi G nvw`m m¤ú‡K© L„óvb ag©vej¤^x‡ì AÜKv‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q| gynv¤§` mvjjû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj†gi gy‡Li evYx I Zvi Kg©Kv‡Êi cÖZ¨¶`k©xi weeiY m¤^wjZ wjwLZ iƒcB nj nvw`m| mZK© cix¶v I hvPvB- evQvB Gi cwiYwZ‡Z cÖvgvY¨ nvw`m MÖš’mg~‡ni Dci wfwË K‡i †h nvw`m mvwnZ¨ M‡o D‡V‡Q Zv‡K †nq cÖwZcbœ Kivi Rb¨ weMZ kZ‡K †ivgvb PvP© I L„óvb wgkbvwiMY GKwU AZ¨vaywbK KcU e„wË (Pseudo_Scholarship) cÖwZôv K‡i| wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U †h me Mm‡cj Aš—f©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv †gv‡UB †Kvb hvPvB- evQvB Kiv nqwb| wKš‘ nvw`‡mi †¶‡Î †ZgbwU N‡Uwb| cÖwZwU nvw`mB wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~Î †_‡K M„nxZ, cÖ‡qvR‡b Zvi Drm mÜv‡b †cuŠ‡Q hvIqv n‡q‡Q gnvbex mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi †mB mvnvwei Kv‡Q whwb cÖK…ZB Zvi gy‡Li K_v kÖeY K‡i‡Qb I wewfbœ NUbv cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb| nvw`m mg~‡ni me©v‡c¶v wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~Î n‡jb †m me e¨w³ hviv Avj −vn‡K fq Ki‡Zb I fv‡jvevm‡Zb| nvw`m MÖš’ ‡jvi g‡a¨ me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© MÖš’ `ywU Bgvg Avj eyLvwi I Bgvg gymwjg KZ©…K msKwjZ| gnvbex gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi Idv‡Zi cÖvq GK‡kv wek eQi ci Zv msKwjZ Kiv nq| Gme nvw`‡m gnvbex mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi Rxeb I Áv‡bi cÖwZwU w`KB Dcw¯’Z| nvw`m nj gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi wk¶vi Acwinvh© Ask| Bgvg eyLvix (i.) I Bgvg gymwjg (i.) †m me nvw`m msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb ivm~j mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi mgKvjxb cÖZ¨¶`k©x‡ì weeiY †_‡K| nvw`‡m †hgb Cmv Av. Gi cÖm½ i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb eû gymwjg cwÊZI Zvi evYx I K‡g©i weeiY cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jv g~jZ:

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 290Cmv Av. Gi cÖ_g w`‡Ki AbymvixMY KZ©…K msM„nxZ n‡qwQj| hviv Avie I DËi Avwd«Kvq Qwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb| hLb gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi AvMgb NUj, ZLb Cmv Av. Gi Gme wk‡lï eû AbymvixB Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib| Cmv Av. m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †h me weeiY wQj Zv Zviv i¶v K‡iwQ‡jb| Cmv Av. †kl bex gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi AvMg‡bi e¨vcv‡i fwel¨ØvYx K‡iwQ‡jb| hv‡nvK, gymjgvbiv cÖR‡b¥i ci cÖRb¥ nvw`mg~n jvjb I PP©v K‡ib| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ eû nvw`m P~ovš—fv‡e mvÕjvexiÕi ÔKvmvmyj Avw¤^qvÕ (Stories of the Prophets) Ges Avj- Mvhvjxi ÔBnqvD DjywgÏxbÕ (Revival of the life Transaction Sciences) MÖ‡š’ Aš—f©y³ nq| GUv Zvrch©c~Y©fv‡e j¶Yxq †h Gme nvw`‡m wK ¯úófv‡e †mB gnvb bexi Rxeb I K‡g©i GK my úó I c~Y©v½ wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q whwb myMg K‡iwQ‡jb †kl bexi c„w_ex‡Z AvMg‡bi c_| KvÔe Avj Avnevi e‡jbt gvi&qv‡gi cyÎ Cmv Av. wQ‡jb jvj i‡Oi, mv`v †Nulv, Zvi Pzj `xN© wQj bv, wZwb KL‡bvB gv_vq †Zj eënvi Ki‡Zb bv| wZwb Lvwj cv‡q nuvU‡Zb, †Kvb evwo Ni, AvmevecÎ, †Kvb mvgMÖx, †cvkvK A_ev Ab¨ wKQyB Zvi wQj bv ïaygvÎ w`‡bi Lvevi Qvov| †hLv‡bB m~h©v — nZ †mLv‡bB wZwb †_‡g co‡Zb Ges ciw`b †fvi bv nIqv ch©š— Dcvmbvq iZ _vK‡Zb| wZwb Rb¥v‡Üi „wó wdwi‡q w`‡Zb| Kzô‡ì †ivM wbivgq Ki‡Zb Ges Avj −vni ûKz‡g g„Z‡ì cybR©xeb `vb Ki‡Zb| wZwb Zvi †jvK‡ì ej‡Zb Zviv evwo‡Z Kx Lv‡”Q Ges AvMvgxKv‡ji R‡b¨ Kx gRyZ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| wZwb mgy‡ ªi cvwbi Dci w`‡q †nu‡U †h‡Zb| Zvi gv_v Aweb¨ — _vKZ, Zvi gyLgÊj wQj †QvU| wZwb wQ‡jb c„w_ex‡Z GK K‡Vvi Zc ^x, huvi j¶¨ wQj ciKvj Ges wZwb wQ‡jb Avj−vni Bev`‡Z gk¸j| Bqvû`xiv hZw`b bv Zv‡K Luy‡R Ges Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Pµvš— K‡iwQj

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 291ZZw`b wZwb wQ‡jb c„w_ex‡Z GK gymvwdi| Gici Avj −vn Zuv‡K Avmgv‡b Zz‡j †bb; Avj −vnB mg¨K AeMZ| Cmv Av. e‡j‡Qb, hviv Bn‡jv‡Ki AvKv•¶v K‡i Zviv nj †mB e¨w³i b¨vq †h mgy‡ ªi cvwb cvb K‡i; hZ †ewk †m cvb Ki‡e Zvi Z…òv ZZ e„w× cv‡e, hZ¶Y bv Zvi g„Zz nq|Ó Cmv Av. GKw`b wZb e¨w³‡K †`L‡Z †c‡jb| Zv‡ì kixi wQj K…kKvq I d¨vKv‡k| wZwb Zv‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Ò†Zvgv‡ì GB Ae ’vi KviY wK?Ó Zviv Reve w`j, Av¸‡bi f‡q| wZwb ej‡jb, Òhviv fxZ Zv‡ì wbivcËv `vb Avj−vni `vwqZ¡|Ó wZwb Zv‡ì †Q‡o GwM‡q wM‡q Av‡iv wZb e¨w³‡K †`L‡Z †c‡jb| Zviv Av‡iv †ewk ¶xYKvq I d¨vKv‡k| wZwb Zv‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Ò†Zvgv‡ì GB Ae¯’v n‡q‡Q †Kb? Zviv Reve w`j, ÒAvgiv †e‡nk&‡Zi evMvb PvB|Ó wZwb ej‡jb, Ò†Zvgv‡ì Avkv c~iY Kiv Avj−vni `vwqZ¡|Ó Zv‡ì AwZµg K‡i Av‡iv wKQy ~i AMÖmi nIqvi ci wZwb Av‡iv wZb e¨w³‡K †`L‡Z †c‡jb| Zviv wQj Av‡Mi †jvK¸‡jvi †P‡qI ¶xYKvq Ges Zv‡ì †Pnviv Av‡iv †ewk d¨vKv‡k wQj| wZwb Zv‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Ò†Zvgv‡ì GB Ae ’vi KviY wK?Ó Zviv Reve w`j, Avgiv Avj−vn‡K fv‡jvevwm| wZwb †kÖô I gnxqvb|Ó wZwb ej‡jb, †Zvgiv Zviv hviv Avj−vni wbKUZg, †Zvgiv Zviv hviv Avj−vni wbKUZg, †Zvgiv Zviv hviv Avj −vni wbKUZg|Ó Avãyj−vn web Dgi (iv.) eY©bv K‡ib †h wZwb ivm~jyj−vn mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg †K ej‡Z ï‡b‡Qb: ÒMZiv‡Z ^‡cœ Avwg wb‡R‡K KvÔev N‡i †`L‡Z †cjvg| Avwg jvjvf †Pnvivi GK e¨w³‡K †`L‡Z †cjvg| G ai‡bi †jvK †hgb AZ¨š— my k©b nq, wZwbI †miKgB wQ‡jb †hgbwU †Zvgiv AZ¨š— my›ì †Kk¸”Q m¤úbœ †jvK‡K †`L‡Z cvI| Zuvi Pzj¸‡jv AvuPov‡bv wQj Ges †m¸‡jv cvwb‡Z wm³ wQj| wZwb yÕe¨w³i Kuv‡a fi w`‡q KvÔev

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 292M„n ZIqvd Ki‡Z _vK‡jb| Avwg hLb wRÁvmv Kijvg ZLb Avgv‡K ejv nj, Cmv gmxn Ñ gvi&qv‡gi cyÎ..... : (eyLvwi I gymwjg) Ave~ ûivBiv (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z †h Avj−vni bex mvj −vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg e‡j‡Qb, Òhvi nv‡Z Avgvi cÖvY Zuvi Kmg, gvi&qv‡gi cyÎ wkMwMiB †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ Avm‡eb GKRb b¨vq wePviK wn‡m‡e| wZwb µzk †f‡O †dj‡eb, AZ¨vPvix, Agvbyl‡ì nZ¨v Ki‡eb Ges wRwRqv Ki wejyß Ki‡eb| ZLb GZ †ewk m¤ú` n‡e †h `vb MÖnY Kivi gZ KvD‡K cvIqv hv‡e bv Ges GKwU wmR`v n‡e c„w_ex I Zvi m¤ú‡ì †P‡q A‡bK †ewk DËg|Ó Ave~ ûivqiv Av‡iv e‡jb, gb PvB‡j D”PviY Ki, wKZv‡ei Abymvix cÖwZwU e¨w³B g„Zz i c~e© ch©š— Zuv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡eB (Avj KziAvb 4 : 159) eyLvwi I gymwjg| Ave~ ûivqiv KZ©…K ewY©Z Av‡Q, Avj−vni ivm~j mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg e‡j‡Qb †h, Òc„w_ex‡Z Ges AvwLiv‡Z Avwg gvi&qv‡gi cyÎ Cmvi wbKUZg| bweMY êgv‡Îq fvB fvB, Zv‡ì gvZv wfbœ wfbœ, wKš‘ ag© GK| Avgv‡ì yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ †Kvb bex †bBÓ (eyLvwi I gymwjg) ivm~jyj−v mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj −vgg Zvi GB weL¨vZ fvl‡Y G e¨vcv‡i hv e‡j‡Qb Zvi mvi K_v nj : bexMY fvB fvB, Zviv mK‡jB GK, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| Zuviv GK wcZvi cyÎ : Zuviv GKB gZev` †NvlYv K‡i‡QbÑ jv Bjvnv Bj−vj−vn- Avj−vn Qvov Avi †Kvb cÖfy †bB| Zuvi GKK mËvq Zuvi mv‡_ Avi wKQy hy³ n‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv‡ì gvZvMY c„_K : cÖ‡Z¨K bex‡KB GKwU wbw ©ó mg‡q GKwU wbw`©ó Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q †cÖiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K bex jvf K‡i‡Qb mybœvn ev Rxeb- KvVv‡gv, ixwZ- bxwZ, GKwU mvgvwRK c×wZ hvi AbymiY Øviv Zvi m¤úÖ vq Rxeb- hvcb Ki‡e| hLbB

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 293GKRb bZzb bex G‡m‡Qb wZwb bZzb mg‡qi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© mybœvni bZzb iƒc wb‡q G‡m‡Qb| GUvB nj kvwiqv ev bexM‡Yi c_| Gfv‡e †kl bex gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi AvMg‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q Avmgvwb w`K wb‡ ©kbvi mgvwß N‡U‡Q| me©‡kl bvwRjK…Z MÖš’ gwngvwš^Z KziAv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q beyIqv‡Zi Aemvb m~wPZ n‡q‡Q| gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj−vg Gi kwiqv I mybœvni mv‡_ beyIqvZ mxj‡gvniK…Z I mgvß n‡q‡Q| a‡g©vcmbvi weÁvb nj Avj−vn‡K cvIqvi cš’v| Av`g Av. Gi mš—vb‡ì Kv‡Q bvwhjK…Z wKZve I mybœvn‡Z Avj −vni wb`k©b weivwRZ| Bmjv‡gi bex Cmv Av. Gi c_ †k‡l ïi“ n‡q‡Q Bmjv‡gi bex gynv¤§` mvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg Gi c_| cweÎ KziAv‡bi wb‡æv³ Avqv‡Z GB AmvaviY NUbvi BwZ Uvbv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e : GB w`‡b Avwg †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ †Zvgv‡ì Øxb‡K c~Y©v½ K‡iwQ Ges †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ Avgvi AbyMÖn m¤úbœ K‡iwQ Ges †Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ g‡bvbxZ K‡iwQ ØxbÑ Avj Bmjvg| (Avj-KziAvb 5t3)

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 294Aa¨vq UxKv

cÖ_g Aa¨vq 1) The Apostolic Fathers, E. J. Goodspeed 2) Articles of the Apostolic creed, Theodore Zahn, c„. 3) The Apostolic Fathers, E. J. Goodspeed 4) Articles of the Apostolic creed, Theodore Zahn, c„. 5) Tetradymus, John Toland. 6) Outline of the History of Dogma, Adolf Harnack. 7) What is Christianity? H. c„. 20| 8) The Jesus Report, J. Lehman (Krewz Verlag,

Stuttgart, 2q ms¯‹iY, 1960, c„. 112 †_‡K D×„Z) 9) Articles of The Apostolic Creed, Theodore Zahn. 10) Erasmi Epistolai, 1334 ed, P.S. Allen, V. c„. 173-192 wØZxq Aa¨vq 1) The Jesus Report, J. Lehman, c„. 14-15| 2) The wilderness Revolt, Bishop Pike, c„.101| 3) The Dead Sea Scrolls, Edmund wilson. 4) The Death of Jesus, Joel Carmichael, c„.141 5) The Dead Sea Scrolls, edmund wilson, c„.94| 6) The Death of Jesus, Joel Carmichael, c„.139 7) The Jesus Scroll, D. Joycee, c„.126| 8) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.18| 9) The life of Jesus, Carveri. Z…Zxq Aa¨vq 1) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.1-6| 2) Spicilegium : (ex cod. Baroce. 39), Grabe. 3) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.15-16| 4) The Apostolic Fathers, E. J. Goodspeed c„.266| PZz_© Aa¨vq 1) The Apostolic Fathers, Edgar J. Goodspeed.

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 295cÂg Aa¨vq 1) The Kingdom of Fod and Primitive Christian

Belief, Albert Schweitzer, c„.149| 2) Lebuch II, Heinrich Holzmann, c„.256,376| 3) The Jesus Report, Johannes Lehman, c„.123| 4) The Beginning of the christian Church, Hanz

Lietzman, c„.104| 5) Paul and His Interpreters, Albert Schweitzer,

c„.198| 6) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.6 (f~wgKv)| 7) A History of christianity in the Apostolic Age, A.

C. Macgiffert c„.216, 231, 424-5| 8) D×„Z, The Jesus Report, Johannes Lehman, c„.126| 9) D×„Z, H c„.127| 10) D×„Z, H c„.128| 11) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.73-76| lô Aa¨vq 1) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth, c„.190-191| 2) A History of Christianity in the Appostolic Age,

A.C, Macgiffert, c„.127| 3) The Donatist Church, W.H.C. Frend, c„.153| 4) H, c„.164| 5) H, 6) H, 7) H, 8) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth. 9) H, 10) The Donatist Church, W.H.C. Frend, c„.164| 11) H, c„.326|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 29612) John 14 t 28, evB‡ej| 13) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth. c„.60| 14) H, 15) H, 16) H, 17) H, 18) The Council of Nicea, J. Kayee c„.23-25| 19) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth. c„.60| 20) Arius, Prof. Gwatkin. 21) H, 22) H, 23) Tetradymus, J.Toland. 24) H, 25) H, 26) H, 27) H, 28) A History of Christianity in the Appostolic Age,

A.C. Macgiffet. 29) The Condemnation of Pope Honorius, John

Chapman. 30) H, 31) H, mßg Aa¨vq 1) The Hunted Heretic, R.H.Bainton. 2) A History of Unitarianism, E.M.Wilbar. 3) Challenge of liberal Faith, G.N.Marshall. 4) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies, A. wallace. 5) Rise of the Dutch Republic, Motley. 6) The Epic of Unitarianism, D.B. Parke, c„.5-6|

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 2977) Treatises concerning the Mohametons A. Reland,

c„.215-23| 8) Francis David, W.C. Gannett. 9) H, 10) A History of Unitarianism, E.M. wilbur. 11) Francis David, W.C. Gannett. 12) H, 13) H, 14) A History of Unitarianism, E.M. wilbur, c„. 78| 15) Treatises concerning the Mohametons A. Reland,

c„.190 16) Francis David, W.C. Gannett. 17) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies, A. wallace. 18) A History of Reformation in Poland, Lubinietski. 19) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies, A. wallace. 20) H, 21) H, f~wgKv, c„. 79| 22) H, c„. 44| 23) H, c„. 44| 24) Historical and Critical Reflections upon

Mohametonism and Socianism, A. Reland. 25) The Nazarenes, John Toland. 26) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace. 27) H, 28) H, 29) The Religion of the Protestants, W.

Chillingworth. 30) H, 31) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace. 32) True Opinion Concerning the Holy Trinity, J.

Biddle

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 29833) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace. 34) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke, c„.31-32| 35) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace. 36) H, 37) H, 38) The Christian Doctrine, J. Milton. 39) H, 40) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace. 41) The Christian Doctrine, J. Milton. 42) H, 43) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace.

c„.428| 44) H, c„. 438| 45) H, 46) H, 47) H, c„. 517| 48) H, 49) H, 50) H, 51) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke, c„.46| 52) H, c„.47| 53) A list of False Reading of the Scripture, T.

Lindsey. 54) Two Dissertations, T. Lindsey. 55) Memoirs of Dr. Priestly, J. Priestly. 56) H, c„. 76| 57) H, c„. 89| 58) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke, c„.48| 59) A History of the corruptions of christianity, J.

Priestly. 60) The History of Jesus Christ, J. Priestly.

Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 29961) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace. 62) H, 63) A History of Unitarianism, E. M. willbur, c„.424| 64) H, 65) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace. 66) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke. 67) Challenge of a Liberal Faith, G.N. Marshall. 68) A History of Unitarianism, E. M. willbur. Aóg Aa¨vq 1) A Christian Introduction to Religions of the

world, J. G. Vos, c„.66-67| 2) H, c„.27| 3) The world’s Religions, N. Anderson, c„.232| 4) “1984”, G. Orwell, c„.220| 5) Christianity on Trial, I, Collin Chapman, c„.37| 6) Time Magazine, May 24th, 1976, c„.42-43| 7) Christianity on Trial, I, Collin Chapman, c„.37| 8) H, c„.51-52| 9) Time Magazine, May 24th, 1976, c„.46| 10) Christianity on Trial, I, Collin Chapman, c„.63| 11) H, c„.74| 12) H, c„.61|


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