CNG spesification

GAS QUALITY CHALLENGES TO SUPPORT GAS QUALITY CHALLENGES TO SUPPORT DEVELOPING OF NATURAL GAS AS FUEL DEVELOPING OF NATURAL GAS AS FUEL

FOR VEHICLES IN INDONESIAFOR VEHICLES IN INDONESIA

bybyEDI WIBOWOEDI WIBOWO and YUSEP K. CARYANAand YUSEP K. CARYANA

Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas Technology Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas Technology ““LEMIGASLEMIGAS””Jakarta 12230, Indonesia. Phone/Fax.: 62Jakarta 12230, Indonesia. Phone/Fax.: 62--2121--73982767398276

EE--mail: mail: [email protected]@lemigas.esdm.go.id,, [email protected]@lemigas.esdm.go.id, , [email protected][email protected]

THE 5THE 5thth ASIAN PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUMASIAN PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM““FUEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTFUEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT””

23 23 –– 25 January 200725 January 2007JakartaJakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:@lemigas.esdm.go.id

22

OUTLINEOUTLINEINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEGAS QUALITY PARAMETER FOR VEHICLESGAS QUALITY PARAMETER FOR VEHICLESCURRENT CNG SPECIFICATIONCURRENT CNG SPECIFICATIONCURRENT CNG QUALITY ANALYSISCURRENT CNG QUALITY ANALYSISPROPOSE CNG SPECIFICATIONPROPOSE CNG SPECIFICATIONPOLICY TOIMPROVE GAS QUALITYPOLICY TOIMPROVE GAS QUALITYCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

33

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

Since the middle of 2005, the government of Since the middle of 2005, the government of Indonesia has policy and regulation to develop Indonesia has policy and regulation to develop the use of alternative fuel such as coal, natural the use of alternative fuel such as coal, natural gas, green fuel to reduce Indonesiagas, green fuel to reduce Indonesia’’s demand of s demand of refined petroleum product. As we knew that refined petroleum product. As we knew that since 2002, this country was a net importer of since 2002, this country was a net importer of petroleum fuel products.petroleum fuel products.Natural Gas as commercial fuel for motor Natural Gas as commercial fuel for motor vehicles vehicles has been used in Indonesia since has been used in Indonesia since 1989, at the present there are 11 Compressed 1989, at the present there are 11 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Filling Station have been Natural Gas (CNG) Filling Station have been operating with amount of 600 vehicles and 50 operating with amount of 600 vehicles and 50 buses uses this fuel.buses uses this fuel.

44

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

The scope of the blue skies program in The scope of the blue skies program in transportation sector are:transportation sector are:

BLUE SKIES PROGRAM IN TRANSPORTATION SECTORBLUE SKIES PROGRAM IN TRANSPORTATION SECTOR

Energy Diversification

Public Involvement

Government Role

Gas Exhaust Emission Reduction at Certified Workshop

• Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Standard

• Gas Exhaust Emission Inspection• Fuel Quality Monitoring Program

Energy DiversificationCNG, LPG, Etanol, Fuel Cell, Bio Diesel,etc.

Cleaner FuelsUnleaded Gasoline, Low/ Ultra Low Diesel

Air Pollution Prevention EquipmentCatalytic converter

55

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The other hand, since 1995 to 2005 there were The other hand, since 1995 to 2005 there were 15 accident CNG vehicles explosion which still 15 accident CNG vehicles explosion which still have not been know its cause. have not been know its cause. Some reason said this was caused of lack on Some reason said this was caused of lack on installation that did not refer to standard and installation that did not refer to standard and procedure, the other reason this was caused of procedure, the other reason this was caused of the low of quality of CNG, which can increase the low of quality of CNG, which can increase the corrosion and cracking to cylinder that have the corrosion and cracking to cylinder that have caused the explosion.caused the explosion.For that problem, to support developing natural For that problem, to support developing natural gas as fuel for vehicles that its gas as fuel for vehicles that its has been has been declared as national program in May 2006, declared as national program in May 2006, GAS GAS QUALITY SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO SUPPORT THIS QUALITY SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO SUPPORT THIS PROGRAM AND HAS GUARANTEE TO ALL USERS.PROGRAM AND HAS GUARANTEE TO ALL USERS.

66

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

Provide description of the present Provide description of the present characteristic of natural gas that be used as characteristic of natural gas that be used as fuel for vehicle, current Indonesiafuel for vehicle, current Indonesia’’s s specification of natural gas for vehicles and specification of natural gas for vehicles and the future natural gas quality that be the future natural gas quality that be expected and how to achieveexpected and how to achieve

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NATURAL GAS AS FUEL FOR VEHICLESNATURAL GAS AS FUEL FOR VEHICLES

Natural gas as fuel for vehicles its usually called Natural gas as fuel for vehicles its usually called CNG is the natural gas that has been purified and CNG is the natural gas that has been purified and compressed at the elevated pressure up to 200 compressed at the elevated pressure up to 200 bars (2900 Psi). bars (2900 Psi).

Generally, it contains two major components i.e. Generally, it contains two major components i.e. methane (CHmethane (CH44) and ethane (C) and ethane (C22HH88). ).

To provide guarantee that the quality of natural To provide guarantee that the quality of natural gas for CNG motor vehicles is safely for gas for CNG motor vehicles is safely for infrastructure and installation equipment at the infrastructure and installation equipment at the filling station and motor vehicles, it needed the filling station and motor vehicles, it needed the standard or specification of this fuel.standard or specification of this fuel.

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GAS QUALITY PARAMETER AS FUEL FOR GAS QUALITY PARAMETER AS FUEL FOR VEHICLESVEHICLES

The parameter are:The parameter are:–– Component Hydrocarbon (CComponent Hydrocarbon (C11 to Cto C66+),+),–– Gas Inert (COGas Inert (CO22, O, O22, N, N22),),–– Acid Gas Content,Acid Gas Content,–– Mercury,Mercury,–– Water Content,Water Content,–– Heating Value,Heating Value,–– Relative Density,Relative Density,–– Wobbe Index,Wobbe Index,–– Odor,Odor,–– Particle content.Particle content.

99

CURRENT CNG SPECIFICATIONCURRENT CNG SPECIFICATIONBase on : The decree of Oil and Gas Director General Number 10K/34/DDJM/1993,

Dated February 1,1993.

Limit Test Methode Parameter Unit

Min. Max. ASTM Other C1 + C2 C3 C4 C5 N2 H2S Hg (Mercury) O2 H2O CO2 Relative density at 28 °C Calorific Value at 15°C, 1 atm

%Vol. %Vol. %Vol. %Vol. %Vol.

ppm Vol. ppb Vol %Vol. %Vol. %Vol. Kj/ Kg

62.0 - - - - - - - - -

0.56 44,000

- 8.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 14.0 9.0 0.2

0.035 5.0 0.89

-

D 1945D 1945D 1945D 1945D 1945D 2385

D 1945

D 1945

- -

AAS

Gravimetri -

-

1010

CURRENT CNG SPECIFICATIONCURRENT CNG SPECIFICATIONCNG Specification from Other CountryCNG Specification from Other Country

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CURRENT CNG ANALYSISCURRENT CNG ANALYSIS

6.4500 6.6200 7.00005.5300

2.5300 2.6900

21.09

26.16

22.00

9.89

4.395.44

16.7

7.0

-

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

CNG FS 1 CNG FS 2 CNG FS 3 CNG FS 4 CNG FS 5 CNG FS 6

CNG Filling Station

Wat

er C

onte

nt (L

b/M

MS

CF)

P = 3000P = 2000

P = 1500P = 1000

P = 500Before CompressorIndo CNG Spec

Natural Gas Measurement and Control

Water Content Analysis

1212


6.06437.0615

6.5810

4.0592

1.77232.3183

13.0

5.3

3.2

-

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

CNG FS 1 CNG FS 2 CNG FS 3 CNG FS 4 CNG FS 5 CNG FS 6

CNG Filling Station

C3

and

Hea

vier

(% M

ol)

C3 and HeavierInd CNG Spec (C3 s/d C5)CNG OEMS Spec (C3 and higher)US CNG Spec (C3 and higher)

C3 and Heavier Analysis

1313


6.78

2.96

1.13

4.45 4.59 4.78 5.04.5

-

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

CNG FS 1 CNG FS 2 CNG FS 3 CNG FS 4 CNG FS 5 CNG FS 6CNG Filling Station

CO

2 (%

Mol

)

CO2 AnalysisInd CNG SpecUS CNG Spec

CO2 Analysis

1414

CURRENT NATURAL GAS ANALYSISCURRENT NATURAL GAS ANALYSISFROM GATHERING STATIONFROM GATHERING STATION

Water Content Analysis

8.0 8.0

18.0

11.5

6.8

9.6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

lb/m

msc

f

GS (GatheringStation) 1






Sample location

1515


C3 and Heavier Analysis

6.14

8.36

4.95

1.76 1.61

0.02

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

% v

ol







Sample location at Gathering Station

1616


CO2 Analysis

26.4

15.9

5.9

11.3

0.3 0.10

5

10

15

20

25

30

% v

ol







Sample location

1717

PROPOSE CNG SPECIFICATIONPROPOSE CNG SPECIFICATION

CRITICAL PARAMETER OF CNG QUALITY CRITICAL PARAMETER OF CNG QUALITY SHOULD BE IMPROVED ARE:SHOULD BE IMPROVED ARE:–– THE PARAMETER THAT CAN CAUSE INCREASE THE PARAMETER THAT CAN CAUSE INCREASE

CORROSION ON CYLINDER SUCH AS:CORROSION ON CYLINDER SUCH AS:WATER CONTENT :WATER CONTENT :

–– FROM 16 LB/MMSCF TO < 3 LB/MMSCFFROM 16 LB/MMSCF TO < 3 LB/MMSCFPROPANA AND HEAVIER :PROPANA AND HEAVIER :

–– FROM 13 % VOL TO < 6.5% VOLFROM 13 % VOL TO < 6.5% VOL

–– THE PARAMETER THAT CAN IMPACT TO SAFETY, THE PARAMETER THAT CAN IMPACT TO SAFETY, SUCH AS :SUCH AS :

ODORANT, SHOULD BE ADDED TO GAS FOR CNGODORANT, SHOULD BE ADDED TO GAS FOR CNGPARTICLE, SHOULD BE LIMITTED OR MINIMIZEDPARTICLE, SHOULD BE LIMITTED OR MINIMIZED

1818

PROPOSE CNG SPECIFICATIONPROPOSE CNG SPECIFICATIONLimit value Parameter Unit Minimum Maximum

1. Component Methane (C1) % vol 77 Ethane (C2) % vol 8,0 Propane (C3) % vol 4,0 Butane (C4) % vol 1,0 Pentane (C5) % vol 1,0 Hexane (C6+) % vol 0,5 N2 % vol 3,0 O2 % vol 0,1 CO2 % vol 5,0 Hg ppb vol 9,0 H2O lb/mmscf 3,0 H2S ppm vol 10

2. Relative Density, at 15 ºC

0,56 0,85

3. Heating Value at 15ºC and 1 atm

BTU/ft3 960 1175

4. Wobbe Index BTU/ft3 1050 1313 5. Particle CNG should not contain dirt, sand, dirt, rubber, oil or

other objects of which can danger to equipments in the CNG Filling Station and its installation of gas fuel system.

6. Odor CNG should be odored

1919

HOW TO IMPROVE GAS QUALITYHOW TO IMPROVE GAS QUALITYTO ACHIVE GAS QUALITY FOR CNG VEHICLE, TO ACHIVE GAS QUALITY FOR CNG VEHICLE, WHICH CAN GUARANTEE THE SAFETY TO USE WHICH CAN GUARANTEE THE SAFETY TO USE THIS FUEL SOME POLICY SHOULD BE DONE THIS FUEL SOME POLICY SHOULD BE DONE SUCH AS:SUCH AS:–– ALL CNG FILLING STATION SHOULD INSTALL THE ALL CNG FILLING STATION SHOULD INSTALL THE

GAS DRYER SYSTEM TO REDUCE WATER CONTENT.GAS DRYER SYSTEM TO REDUCE WATER CONTENT.–– GAS WHICH DISTRIBUTE TO CNG FILLING STATION GAS WHICH DISTRIBUTE TO CNG FILLING STATION

SHOULD HAVE STANDARD PARAMETER AND BE SHOULD HAVE STANDARD PARAMETER AND BE ODORED.ODORED.

–– COMPRESSOR ON THE CNG FILLING STATION COMPRESSOR ON THE CNG FILLING STATION SHOULD BE FILTERED TO REDUCED OIL CARRIER SHOULD BE FILTERED TO REDUCED OIL CARRIER FORM COMPRESSOR AND PIPELINE TO DISPENSER FORM COMPRESSOR AND PIPELINE TO DISPENSER NOZZLE.NOZZLE.

2020

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONWith the policy from government to reduce With the policy from government to reduce subsidy of oil price, and there is the subsidy of oil price, and there is the significant different price of CNG and Oil will significant different price of CNG and Oil will make interesting the investor and owner of make interesting the investor and owner of vehicles to convert the oil fuel supply vehicles to convert the oil fuel supply system of their vehicles to CNG fuel supply system of their vehicles to CNG fuel supply system. system. Critical parameter of CNG quality should be improved Critical parameter of CNG quality should be improved are:are:–– Water Content,Water Content,–– Propane and Heavier,Propane and Heavier,

By increasing gas quality of CNG, the By increasing gas quality of CNG, the consumer will be guarantee to use this fuel consumer will be guarantee to use this fuel safely.safely.

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CNG spesification