1

OSTEOLOGIA

A TÖRZS CSONTJAI

COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS

Corpus vertebrae

Extremitas cranialis

[=Caput vertebrae]

Extremitas caudalis

[=Fossa vertebrae]

Crista ventralis

Arcus vertebrae

Pediculus arcus vertebrae

Lamina arcus vertebrae

Foramen vertebrale

Canalis vertebralis

Spatium interarcuale

Foramen intervertebrale

Incisura vertebralis cranialis

Incisura vertebralis caudalis

Foramen vertebrale laterale

Processus spinosus

Processus transversus

Processus articularis cranialis

Processus articularis caudalis

Processus accessorius

Processus mamillaris

• Vertebrae cervicales Processus transversus

Tuberculum ventrale

Lamina ventralis

Foramen transversarium

Tuberculum dorsale

Fovea costalis caudalis (C7)

Atlas Massa lateralis

Processus transversus

[=Ala atlantis]

Foramen alare (eq, bo, su)

Incisura alaris (ca)

Foramen vertebrale laterale

Fossa atlantis

Fovea articularis cranialis

Fovea articularis caudalis

Arcus ventralis

Fovea dentis

Arcus dorsalis

Tuberculum dorsale

2

Axis Dens

Incisura vertebralis cran. (ca)

Foramen vertebrale lat. (eq, bo, su)

• Vertebrae thoracicae Fovea costalis cranialis

Fovea costalis caudalis

Fovea costalis processus transversi

Vertebra anticlinalis

• Vertebrae lumbales

• Os sacrum Basis ossis sacri

Processus articularis cranialis

Promontorium

Pars lateralis

Ala sacralis

Facies auricularis

Tuberositas sacralis

Facies dorsalis

Crista sacralis mediana (bo)

Crista sacralis intermedia (bo)

Foramina sacralia dorsalia

Crista sacralis lateralis

Facies pelvina

Foramina sacralia ventralia

Lineae transversae

Apex ossis sacri

Processus articularis caudalis

Canalis sacralis

Foramina intervertebralia

• Vertebrae caudales [=coccygeae] Processus hemalis

Arcus hemalis

SKELETON THORACIS

• Costae Costae verae [=sternales]

Costae spuriae [=asternales]

Costae fluctuantes

Cartilago costalis

Os costale

Caput costae

Facies articularis capitis costae

cranialis et caudalis

Crista capitis costae

Collum costae

Corpus costae

Tuberculum costae

3

Facies articularis tuberculi costae

Angulus costae

Tuberculum m. scaleni ventralis

Tuberositas m. longissimi

Tuberositas m. iliocostalis

Sulcus costae

Sulcus muscularis

Genu costae

• Sternum Manubrium sterni

Corpus sterni

Crista sterni

Sternebrae

Processus xiphoideus

Cartilago xiphoidea

Incisurae costales

• Cavum thoracis Apertura thoracis cranialis

Apertura thoracis caudalis

Arcus costalis

Spatium intercostale

A MELLSŐ VÉGTAG CSONTJAI

OSSA MEMBRI THORACICI

• Scapula Facies costalis [medialis]

Facies serrata

Fossa subscapularis

Facies lateralis

Spina scapulae

Tuber spinae scapulae (su, eq)

Fossa supraspinata

Fossa infraspinata

Acromion (ca, bo)

Processus hamatus (ca)

Processus suprahamatus (fe)

Margo dorsalis

Margo caudalis

Margo cranialis

Incisura scapulae

Angulus caudalis

Angulus ventralis

Angulus cranialis

Cavitas glenoidalis

Incisura glenoidalis (eq)

Collum scapulae

Tuberculum infraglenoidale (ca)

Tuberculum supraglenoidale

Processus coracoideus

Cartilago scapulae

4

• Humerus Caput humeri

Collum humeri

Tuberculum majus

Pars cranialis (eq, bo, su)

Pars caudalis (eq, bo, su)

Crista tuberculi majoris

Tuberculum minus

Pars cranialis (eq, bo)

Pars caudalis (eq, bo)

Crista tuberculi minoris

Sulcus intertubercularis

Tuberculum intermedium (eq)

Facies m. infraspinati

Tuberositas teres minor

Linea m. tricipitis

Corpus humeri

Crista humeri

Tuberositas deltoidea

Sulcus m. brachialis

Tuberositas teres major

Crista epicondyli lateralis

[=Crista supracondylaris lateralis]

Condylus humeri

Trochlea humeri

Fossa olecrani

Fossa radialis

Foramen supratrochleare (ca)

Epicondylus medialis

Foramen supracondylare (fe)

Epicondylus lateralis

• Radius Caput radii

Fovea capitis radii

Circumferentia articularis radii

Collum radii

Tuberositas radii

Corpus radii

Crista transversa

Trochlea radii

Facies articularis carpea

Processus styloideus (ca, bo, su)

Processus styloideus medialis (eq)

Processus styloideus lateralis (eq)

Incisura ulnaris (ca, su)

Fossa lunata

Sulcus tendinis…

- m. abductor digiti I. longus

- m. extensor carpi radialis

- m. extensor digit. communis

- m. ext. digit. lateralis

5

• Ulna Olecranon

Tuber olecrani

Processus anconeus

Processus coronoideus medialis

Processus coronoideus lateralis

Incisura trochlearis

Incisura radialis

Corpus ulnae

Caput ulnae (Ø eq)

Circumferentia articularis ulnae (ca, su)

Processus styloideus

Facies articularis carpea

Spatium interosseum antebrachii (ca, su)

Spatium interosseum antebrachii

proximale (eq, bo)

Spatium interosseum antebrachii

distale (bo)

• Ossa carpi Os carpi radiale [Os scaphoideum]

Os carpi intermedium [Os lunatum]

Os carpi ulnare [Os triquetrum]

Os carpi accessorium

[Os pisiforme]

Os carpale I [Os trapezium]

Os carpale II [Os trapezoideum]

Os carpale III [Os capitatum]

Os carpale IV [Os hamatum]

Os carpi intermedioradiale (ca)

[Os scapholunatum]

Os carpale II et III (bo)

[Os trapezoideocapitatum]

• Ossa metacarpalia I-V Basis

Facies articularis

Corpus

Tuberositas ossis metacarpalis III

Caput

Os metacarpale III et IV (bo)

Sulcus longitudinalis dorsalis

Sulcus longitudinalis palmaris

Incisura intercapitalis

• Ossa digitorum manus

Phalanx proximalis [Os compedale]

Basis phalangis proximalis

Fovea articularis

Corpus phalangis proximalis

Trigonum phalangis proximalis

Caput phalangis proximalis

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Phalanx media [Os coronale]

Basis phalangis mediae

Fovea articularis

Processus extensorius (eq, bo)

Tuberositas flexoria (eq, bo)

Corpus phalangis mediae

Caput phalangis mediae

Phalanx distalis [Os unguiculare, Os ungulare]

Facies articularis

Facies articularis sesamoidea

Facies parietalis

Pars medialis

Sulcus parietalis medialis (eq)

Processus palmaris medialis (eq)

Foramen processus palmaris

medialis (eq)

Incisura processus palmaris

medialis (eq)

Pars lateralis

Sulcus parietalis lateralis (eq)

Processus palmaris lateralis (eq)

Foramen processus palmaris (eq)

lateralis

Incisura processus palmaris

lateralis (eq)

Processus unguicularis (ca)

Facies solearis

Facies flexoria (eq, su)

Tuberculum flexorium (ca, bo)

Linea semilunaris (eq)

Planum cutaneum (eq, bo, su)

Sulcus solearis medialis (eq)

Sulcus solearis lateralis (eq)

Foramen soleare axiale (ca)

Foramen soleare abaxiale (ca)

Foramen soleare mediale (eq)

Foramen soleare laterale (eq)

Canalis solearis (eq)

Margo coronalis

Processus extensorius

Margo solearis

Crena marginis solearis (eq)

Cartilago ungularis medialis (eq)

Cartilago ungularis lateralis (eq)

Ossa sesamoidea proximalia

Os sesamoideum distale

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A HÁTSÓ VÉGTAG CSONTJAI

OSSA MEMBRI PELVINI

• Os coxae Acetabulum

Margo acetabuli

Fossa acetabuli

Incisura acetabuli

Facies lunata

Pars major (bo)

Pars minor (bo)

Spina ischiadica

Foramen obturatum

Symphysis pelvis

• Os ilium Corpus ossis ilii

Area lateralis m. recti femoris

Area medialis m. recti femoris

Spina iliaca ventralis caudalis (ca)

Ala ossis ilii

Crista iliaca

Tuber coxae

Spina iliaca ventralis cranialis (ca)

Spina alaris (ca)

Tuber sacrale

Spina iliaca dorsalis cranialis (ca)

Spina iliaca dorsalis caudalis (ca)

Facies glutea

Linea glutea

Facies sacropelvina

Facies iliaca

Facies auricularis

Tuberositas iliaca

Linea arcuata

Tuberculum m. psoas minoris (Ø ca)

Incisura ischiadica major

• Os ischii Corpus ossis ischii

Tabula ossis ischii

Ramus ossis ischii

Tuber ischiadicum

Incisura ischiadica minor

• Os pubis Corpus ossis pubis

Ramus cranialis ossis pubis

Ramus caudalis ossis pubis

Pecten ossis pubis

Eminentia iliopubica

Tuberculum pubicum dorsale

Tuberculum pubicum ventrale

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Sulcus obturatorius

Sulcus ligamenti accessorii ossis femoris (eq)

• Pelvis Arcus ischiadicus

Crista symphysialis (bo)

Linea terminalis

Apertura pelvis cranialis

Apertura pelvis caudalis

Axis pelvis

Solum pelvis

Diameter conjugata

[= Conjugata vera]

Diameter transversa

Diameter verticalis

Conjugata diagonalis

Inclinatio pelvis

• Os femoris [Femur] Caput ossis femoris

Fovea capitis

Collum ossis femoris

Trochanter major

Pars cranialis (eq)

Pars caudalis (eq)

Incisura trochanterica (eq)

Fossa trochanterica

Trochanter minor

Crista intertrochanterica

Corpus ossis femoris

Trochanter tertius (eq)

Tuberositas glutea (ca)

Facies aspera

Labium laterale

Labium mediale

Tuberositas m. bicipitis (eq)

Fossa supracondylaris

Tuberositas supracondylaris medialis et lateralis

Facies poplitea

Condylus medialis

Facies articularis sesamoidea medialis (ca)

Epicondylus medialis

Condylus lateralis

Facies articularis sesamoidea lateralis (ca)

Epicondylus lateralis

Fossa extensoria

Fossa m. poplitei

Fossa intercondylaris

Trochlea ossis femoris

Tuberculum trochleae ossis femoris (eq)

• Patella Basis patellae

Apex patellae

9

Facies articularis

Facies cranialis

Processus cartilagineus (eq, bo)

Angulus medialis et lateralis

• Tibia Condylus medialis

Condylus lateralis

Facies articularis fibularis (Ø bo)

Incisura poplitea

Area intercondylaris cranialis medialis / lateralis

Area intercondylaris centralis

Area intercondylaris caudalis

Eminentia intercondylaris

Tuberculum intercondylare mediale et laterale

Sulcus extensorius

Processus fibularis (bo)

Spatium interosseum cruris (Ø bo)

Crista tibiae

Corpus tibiae

Tuberositas tibiae

Sulcus tuberositatis tibiae (eq, su)

Linea m. poplitei

Cochlea tibiae

Malleolus medialis

Sulcus malleolaris

Incisura fibularis (Ø eq)

Malleolus lateralis (eq)

Sulcus malleolaris

• Fibula (Ø bo)

Caput fibulae

Facies articularis capitis fibulae

Corpus fibulae

Malleolus lateralis (ca, su)

Sulcus malleolaris (su)

Sulcus tendinis m. peroneus longi (ca)

Sulcus tendinum mm. extensoris digit. lat. et peroneus brevis (ca)

Os malleolare (bo)

• Ossa tarsi Talus

Caput tali (ca)

Collum tali (ca)

Corpus tali

Trochlea tali (eq, ca)

Trochlea tali proximalis (bo, su)

Trochlea tali distalis (bo, su)

Facies articulares calcaneae

Facies art. navicularis (eq, ca)

Sulcus tali (eq, ca)

Tuberculum tali (eq)

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Calcaneus

Tuber calcanei

Processus coracoideus

Sustentaculum tali

Sulcus tendinis m. flexoris digit. lateralis

Sulcus calcanei (eq, ca)

Sinus tarsi

Facies articularis talares

Facies articularis cuboidea

Facies articularis malleolaris

Os tarsi centrale

[Os naviculare]

Os tarsale I

[Os cuneiforme mediale]

Os tarsale II

[Os cuneiforme intermedium]

Os tarsale III

[Os cuneiforme laterale]

Os tarsale IV

[Os cuboideum]

Os tarsale I et II (eq)

[Os cuneiforme

mediointermedium]

Os tarsale II et III (bo)

[Os cuneiforme

intermediolaterale]

Os centroquartale (bo)

[Os naviculocuboideum]

Canalis tarsi

Ossa metatarsalia I-V Basis

Corpus

Caput

Os metatarsale III et IV (bo)

Sulcus longitudinalis dorsalis

Sulcus longitudinalis plantaris

Canalis metatarsi proximalis

Canalis metatarsi distalis

Incisura intercapitalis

• Ossa digitorum pedis (vide Ossa digitorum manus, sed subtituo plantaris/palmaris)

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A KOPONYA CSONTJAI

CRANIUM

Cavum cranii

Lamina externa

Diploë

Lamina interna

Tentorium cerebelli osseum (eq, ca)

Eminentia cruciformis (bo, su)

Meatus temporalis

Foveolae granulares

Impressiones digitatae

Calvaria

Fossa temporalis

Arcus zygomaticus

Basis cranii externa

Foramen jugulare

Foramen mastoideum (Ø su)

Fissura petrooccipitalis (eq, bo, su)

Foramen lacerum (eq, su)

Basis cranii interna

Fossa cranii rostralis

Fossae ethmoidales

Fossa cranii media

Crista sphenooccipitalis

Fossa cranii caudalis

FACIES

Fossa pterygopalatina

Canalis palatinus major

Foramen palatinum caudale

Palatum osseum

Foramen palatinum majus

Fissura palatina

Canalis interincisivus (eq, ca)

Fissura interincisiva (bo, su)

Cavum nasi

Septum nasi osseum

Incisura nasoincisiva

Meatus nasi dorsalis

Meatus nasi medius

Meatus nasi ventralis

Meatus nasi communis

Canalis nasolacrimalis

Meatus nasopharyngeus

Choanae

Foramen sphenopalatinum

Recessus maxillaris (ca)

Orbita

Margo orbitalis

Margo supraorbitalis

Margo infraorbitalis

12

Lig. orbitale (ca, su)

Foramen ethmoidale

Foramina ethmoidalia (ca)

Fossa sacci lacrimalis

Fissura orbitalis (eq, ca)

Foramen orbitorotundum (bo, su)

OSSA CRANII

• Os occipitale

Foramen magnum

Pars basilaris Tuberculum pharyngeum (ca)

Tuberculum musculare

Fossa cranii caudalis

Impressio pontina

Impressio medullaris

Pars lateralis Condylus occipitalis

Processus jugularis

Processus paracondylaris

Fossa condylaris dorsalis

Fossa condylaris ventralis

Canalis n. hypoglossi

Canalis condylaris (ca, bo)

Squama occipitalis Protuberantia occipitalis externa (eq, bo, ca)

Crista nuchae (eq, ca, su)

Linea nuchae (bo)

Crista sagittalis externa (eq, ca)

Linea temporalis

Foramen mastoideum (Ø su)

Protuberantia occipitalis interna (bo, su)

Processus tentoricus (eq, ca)

Impressio vermialis

Sinus frontalis caudalis (bo, su)

Septum sinuum frontalium

• Os interparietale

Processus tentoricus (eq, ca)

Crista sagittalis interna

Crista sagittalis externa (eq, ca)

Linea temporalis

Sinus frontalis caudalis (bo)

Septum sinuum frontalium

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• Os basisphenoidale

Corpus Sella turcica

Fossa hypophysialis

Dorsum sellae (Ø: eq)

Processus clinoideus caudalis

Sulcus caroticus (eq, ca)

Ala [=ala temporalis]

Foramen rotundum (eq, ca)

Incisura carotica (eq: dupla, su)

Foramen caroticum (ca)

Foramen ovale (ca, bo)

Incisura ovalis (eq, su)

Foramen spinosum (ca)

Incisura spinosa (eq, su)

Fossa piriformis

Spina ossis sphenoidalis

Sulcus n. ophthalmici (ca, eq)

Sulcus n. maxillaris (ca, eq)

Sulcus nn. ophthalmici et maxillaris (bo, su)

Processus pterygoideus Canalis alaris (eq, ca)

Foramen alare rostrale

Foramen alare caudale

Foramen alare parvum (eq)

Crista pterygoidea (Ø ca)

Canalis pterygoideus

Sulcus n. canalis pterygoidei

• Os praesphenoidale

Corpus Jugum sphenoidale

Rostrum sphenoidale

Crista sphenoidalis

Sulcus chiasmatis

Crista orbitosphenoidalis

Sinus sphenoidalis

Ala [=orbitalis]

Canalis opticus

Foramen opticum

Incisura ethmoidalis (eq)

Processus clinoideus rostralis

• Os pterygoideum

Hamulus pterygoideus

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• Os temporale

Pars petrosa Processus mastoideus (Ø su)

Canalis facialis

Geniculum canalis facialis

Canaliculus chordae tympani

Impressio n. trigemini (Ø ca)

Canalis n. trigemini (ca)

Crista partis petrosae (eq, ca)

Porus acusticus internus

Introitus canalis facialis

Arae cochleae

Area vestibularis dorsalis

Area vestibularis ventralis

Meatus acusticus internus

Fossa cerebellaris

Fossa subarcuata (ca)

Aqueductus vestibuli

Apertura externa aqueductus vestibuli

Canaliculus cochleae

Apertura externa canalis cochleae

Processus styloideus (eq, bo)

Foramen stylomastoideum

Cavum tympani

Epitympanium

Mesotympanium

Hypotympanium

[= bulla tympani]

Fissura petrotympanica

Pars tympanica Meatus acusticus externus

Porus acusticus externus

Vagina processus styloidei (eq, bo)

Processus muscularis

Bulla tympanica

Septum bullae (ca)

Canalis caroticus (ca)

Canalis musculotubarius

Semicanalis m. tensoris veli palatini

Semicanalis tubae auditivae

Septum canalis musculotubarii

Pars endotympanica (fe)

Pars squamosa Crista supramastoidea

Processus zygomaticus

Tuberculum articulare (eq)

Fossa mandibularis

Facies articularis

Processus retroarticularis

Processus occipitalis

Foramen retroarticulare (eq, bo, ca)

15

Incisura tympanica

Processus retrotympanicus

Sinus frontalis caudalis (bo, su)

• Os parietale

Facies interna

Processus tentoricus (eq, ca)

Facies externa

Crista sagittalis externa (eq, ca)

Linea temporalis

Sinus frontalis caudalis (bo, su)

Septum sinuum frontalium

• Os frontale

Margo supraorbitalis

Foramen supraorbitale (eq)

Canalis supraorbitalis (bo, su)

Linea temporalis

Processus zygomaticus

Fossa glandulae lacrimalis (eq, bo)

Fovea trochlearis

Foramen ethmoidale

Foramina ethmoidalia (ca)

Processus cornualis (bo)

Sinus frontalis (eq)

Sinus frontales (ca, bo, su)

Aperturae sinuum frontalium

Septa sinuum frontalium

• Os ethmoidale

Lamina cribrosa

Crista galli

Lamina perpendicularis

Labyrinthus ethmoidalis

Ethmoturbinalia

Ectoturbinalia

Endoturbinalia

Cellulae ethmoidales

Meatus ethmoidales

Lamina orbitalis

Lamina tectoria

Lamina basalis

Concha nasalis dorsalis

Concha nasalis media

• Vomer

Sulcus vomeris

Crista vomeris

Ala vomeris

16

OSSA FACIEI

• Os nasale

Processus septalis

Crista ethmoidalis

• Os lacrimale

Fossa sacci lacrimalis (eq, bo, ca)

Foramen lacrimale (eq, bo, ca)

Foramina lacrimalia (su)

Canalis lacrimalis

Processus lacrimalis rostr. (eq, su)

Processus lacrimalis caud. (eq, bo)

Fossa m. obliqui ventralis

Bulla lacrimalis (bo)

Sinus maxillaris

Sinus lacrimalis (bo)

Sinus maxillaris caudalis (eq)

• Maxilla

Corpus maxillae Crista facialis

Tuber faciale (Ru)

Foramen infraorbitale

Canalis infraorbitalis

Canalis alveolaris

Juga alveolaria

Foramina alveolaria

Canales alveolares

Canalis maxilloincisivus (Ø bo)

Tuber maxillae

Foramen maxillare

Canalis lacrimalis

Crista conchalis

Recessus maxillaris (ca)

Sinus maxillaris (bo, su)

Sinus maxillaris rostralis (eq)

Sinus maxillaris caudalis (eq)

Septum sinuum maxillarium (eq)

Processus frontalis (ca)

Crista ethmoidalis

Processus zygomaticus

Processus palatinus Crista nasalis

Sulcus palatinus

Foramen palatinum majus

Sinus palatinus (bo)

17

Processus alveolaris Margo alveolaris

Margo interalveolaris [diastema]

Alveoli dentales

Septa interalveolaria

Septa interradicularia

• Os incisivum

Corpus ossis incisivi Facies labialis

Facies palatina

Processus alveolaris Arcus alveolaris

Alveoli dentales

Septa interalveolaria

Margo interalveolaris

Juga alveolaria

Processus palatinus

Processus nasalis

• Os palatinum

Lamina perpendicularis Foramen sphenopalatinum

Canalis palatinus major

Crista ethmoidalis (ca)

Lamina sphenoethmoidalis (Ø bo)

Sinus sphenoidalis (eq, su)

Processus sphenoidalis

Sinus palatinus (eq)

Lamina horizontalis Margo liber

Spina nasalis caudalis (ca, su)

Canales palatini minores (ca, bo, su)

Foramen palatinum majus

Foramina palatina minora (ca, bo, su)

Sinus palatinus (bo)

• Os zygomaticum

Processus temporalis

Processus frontalis (bo, ca, su)

Margo infraorbitalis

Crista facialis

Sinus maxillaris (bo, su)

Sinus maxillaris caudalis (eq)

18

• Mandibula

Corpus mandibulae Pars incisiva

Arcus alveolaris

Canales alveolares

Pars molaris

Margo alveolaris

Margo ventralis

Incisura vasorum facialium (Ø ca)

Foramen mentale (eq, bo)

Foramina mentalia (ca, su)

Facies labialis

Facies buccalis

Facies lingualis

Linea mylohyoidea

Alveoli dentales

Septa interalveolaria

Septa interradicularia

Margo interalveolaris [diastema]

Juga alveolaria

Ramus mandibulae Angulus mandibulae

Processus angularis (ca)

Tuberositas m. sternomandibularis (eq)

Fossa masseterica

Fossa pterygoidea

Foramen mandibulae

Canalis mandibulae

Canalis mandibuloincisivus

Processus coronoideus

Processus condylaris

Caput mandibulae

Collum mandibulae

Fovea pterygoidea

• Apparatus hyoideus

[Os hyoideum]

Basihyoideum

Processus lingualis (eq, bo)

Keratohyoideum

Thyreohyoideum

Epihyoideum

Stylohyoideum

Angulus stylohyoideus (eq, bo)

Tympanohyoideum