Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1111
Comparison of radioactive contamination between Chernobyl and Fukushima
Imanaka T.Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University
June 27, 2012
Chernobyl April 1986
Fukushima March 2011
22
チェルノブイリ型原発(左)と福島型原発(右)
RBMK BWR
黒鉛減速沸騰軽水冷却チャンネル炉 軽水減速沸騰軽水冷却
圧力容器炉
3333
“Period after Fukushima”began also in Japan
Significant contamination with radiocesiums occurred along the coast of the northern half of Honshu island.
44
55
Fukushima and Chernobyl- Evacuation area near NPP -
60 km 30 km
立入禁止区域
ベラルーシ
ウクライナ キエフ貯水湖
チェルノブイリ周辺立入禁止区域
60 km 30 km
立入禁止区域
ベラルーシ
ウクライナ キエフ貯水湖
チェルノブイリ周辺立入禁止区域
Both accidents indicate consequences of the worst Both accidents indicate consequences of the worst situation at NPP that core radioactivity in the situation at NPP that core radioactivity in the
core was directly released into the environment.core was directly released into the environment.
26 years after Chernobyl Fukushima
66
April 261986
Чернобыльский репортаж (1988)
Chernobyl
77
InIn--air explosion opinion by air explosion opinion by ChecherovChecherov
Checherovら2005
88
Radioactivity release
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
4/26 4/27 4/28 4/29 4/30 5/1 5/2 5/3 5/4 5/5 5/6
放射
能放
出量
(MC
i)
1986
Daily release (without rare gases)Based on 1986 USSR report.
Direction of radioactive plumes.Izrael(2005.12 Moscow).
①4/26
② 4/26-27
③ 4/27-28
④ 4/27-28
⑤ 4/28
⑥ 4/29
⑦ 4/29-5/1
⑧ 5/2
1010
Radiation situation on June 1, 1986 Kozubovら 1991Red color indicates “Red forest”
1111
チェルノブイリ原発周辺10km
1km
1 ヤノフ駅
プリピャチ市
5
1.1~4号炉(4号炉は西端) 2.5,6号炉(事故当時建設中) 3.取水路 4.放水路 5.引き込み線路 実線は道路
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
4
3 5
冷却池
プリピャチ川
ウソフ村
クラースノエ村
シェペレチ村
チスタゴルフカ村
コパチ村
ジモビシチェ村
クリバヤ・ゴラ村
スタロセル村
2
○ レレフ村
プリピャチ市より 2005年10月
1212Baliffら 1996
Radiation dose in the 30km zoneMay 1, 1986、μSv/h
1313
チェルノブイリでは出力暴走により原子炉と建屋が爆発・炎上
Чернобыльский репортаж (1988)
2年後、TVカメラを入れてみると炉心は空っぽだった
1414
Fukushima accident
美浜の会ホームページ
1515
March12, Hydrogen
explosion #1
March14, Hydrogen
explosion #3
1616
March 15, Containment failure #2
1717
Containment pressure and radiation monitoring data at NPP
TEPCO Interim report, Dec. 2011
1818
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
12
日
13
日
14
日
15
日
16
日
17
日
18
日
19
日
20
日
21
日
22
日
23
日
24
日
25
日
26
日
27
日
28
日
29
日
30
日
31
日
放射
能放
出量
, P
Bq/
day
I-131
Cs134+Cs137
2011年3月
Fig.4. Daily release of I-131 and Cs-137+Cs134 from the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident up to March 31. Daily values are calculated form the results by Chino et al[8], assuming the same release of Cs-134 as Cs-137.
Daily release from NPP
Prepared by Imanaka
1919
About 80,000 people were evacuated from the 20 km
zone on March 12.
But, no data of radioactive contamination was released from the authorities, only
saying “No danger fro public health”.
2020
SPEEDI simulation on March 15
2121
飯舘村の放射線レベル
福島県20-30km圏放射線量率の変化:2011年3月15日~
0
10
20
30
40
50
3/14 0
:00
3/15 0
:00
3/16 0
:00
3/17 0
:00
3/18 0
:00
3/19 0
:00
3/20 0
:00
3/21 0
:00
3/22 0
:00
3/23 0
:00
3/24 0
:00
3/25 0
:00空
間線
量率
、マ
イク
ロシ
ーベ
ルト
/時
南相馬市24
飯舘村40
葛尾村26
福島空港58
川内村22
いわき市平
田村市35
田村市40
Data from Fukushima prefecture HP
2222
Sample Monitoring on March 15
ヨウ素131が100万Bq/kgのほうれん草を100g食べると、10万Bqの取り込み。
それが乳児であれば、甲状腺の等価線量は。2.8×10-3[mSv/Bq]×105[Bq]=280mSvとなる。
Data from HP
2323
Knowing that awful contamination occurred outside
30 km zone, no warning was issued from the authorities.
Imanaka supposed that headquarters of our government also melted down as well as three
reactors in Fukushima.
2424
Radiation monitoring in Iitate village in 28-28 March
30μSv/h in Nagadoro-Magata
2525
Fig. 7. Location of Iitate village (left) and the contour of radiation dose rate in Intate village on March 29th, 2011 (right). Dose rates were measured in a car moving along main roads inside village using a pocket survey meter ALOKA PDR101. Unit: Sv/h.
Dose rate map on March 29, 2011 in Iitate
Imanaka et.al Health Physics 2012
2626
Estimates of radioactivity release into the atmosphere
単位:PBq=1×1015 Bq
Fukushima Chernobyl
#1~#3 Total 2.03 GWe 1GWe
NSC
(April 12)
NISA
(May 16)
Stohl etal
(ACPD 2011)
Chernobyl Forum
(2005)
Xe-133 - 11,000
(97%) 16,700
6,500
(100%)
I-131 150 160
(2.5%) -
1,760
(55%)
Cs-137 12 15
(2.6%) 35.8
85
(30%)
Sr-90 - 0.14
(0.03%) -
10
(5%)
Pu-239,240 - 0.0000064
(0.0002%) -
0.03
(1.5%)
( ): Released fraction of the core inventory.
2727
90Sr、239,240Pu contamination in Iitate
Siol contamination, Bq/m2
Cs-137 Sr-90* Pu-239,240**
<Iitate village: NW30-40km>
#53 1,000,000 390 0.01
#88 590,000 300 0.07
#165 2,200,000 790 0.2
<Kyiv city:S110km Garger et al. Health Physics1996>
Average of 6
samples 25,000 5,800 160
* (財)九州環境管理協会に測定を依頼.Global を含む
**山本(金沢大)による測定.Pu-238 との比から、Global を差し引いた値.
Contamination ratio of Sr90 to 137 is 1/2000~1/3000,compared with Kyiv. For Pu isotopes, it is less than 1/1 million.
2828
137Cs、90Sr、239,240Pu around Chernobyl
Pu-234,240 Gaydar KURRI-KR-79 (2002)Cs-137 UNSCEAR(2000)
Sr-90 UNSCEAR (2000)
Sr90 and Pu isotopes are about 10 % and 1 $of Cs137, respectively.
2929
Cs137 body burden in Belarus (upper) and Russia (lower) after Chernobyl
Zvnova et al.Radiation Protection Dosimetry
2000
Minenko et.alHealth Physics 2006
3030
Recent Cs137 body burden od children in contaminated area in Belarus.
Data from Belrad.
39.9
311.7
220.2
331.6
218.7
185.6
84.6
110.3
74.270.3
172.386.4 81.3
1120
575.6
1142.7
632.9
662.7
189.6 262.4
97.9
247
54.4
528.2
228.3 219.3
0
300
600
900
1200
28.11
.2001
(n=90
)
23.01
.2002
(n=73
)
13.03
.2002
(n=88
)
18.04
.2002
(n=70
)
23.05
.2002
(n=87
)
11.06
.2002
(n=46
)
18.06
.2003
(n=44
)
16.12
.2003
(n=23
)
8-9.04
.2004
(n=11
8)
28.04
.2005
(n=26
)
22.11
.2006
(n=70
)
23.01
.2007
(n=56
)
22.05
.2007
(n=79
)
WBC検査日(n:人数)
平均
体内
セシ
ウム
137量
、B
q/kg
検査グループ全体 危険グループ
3131
WBC results in children of Minami-soma city
Data from Minami-Soma city HP
3232
Forecast of external dose rate change from deposited radiocesiums
セシウムによる空間線量率変化の予測(移行なしモデルと環境半減期13年モデル)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
経過年数
空間
線量
率の
相対
強度
移行なしモデル
環境半減期13年モデル
3333
Summary
The same scale of radiological consequences as Chernobyl occurred around Fukushima #1 NPP.
Released amounts into the atmosphere by the Fukushima accident seem to be double for Xe-133 and 20 – 40 % for Cs-137.
Contamination by Sr-90 and Pu-239,240 was significantly lower than Chernobyl.
So far, internal contamination by radiocesiumsare surprisingly lower than Chernobyl.