“COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA Y DETERMINACIÓN DE LA MEJOR ZONA DE

MUESTREO EN VELLONES DE CAMELIDOS SUDAMERIDANOS”.

Edgar Quispe

Presentación y lanzamiento del INPROSUDConferencias magistrales sobre avanzas en la producción de camélidos sudamericanos

ASPECTOS A TRATAR

•Introducción•Características físicas y tecnológicas de vellones•Componentes de varianza de vellones•Mejor zona de muestreo•Materiales y Métodos•Resultados•Discusión

INTRODUCCION

Chincha, 02/Mayo/2011

Puno, Cusco, Arequipa, Ayacuchoand Huancavelica

Depending 2.9 millions of people (11% nacional popul.) 100,000 productores

• World: 7 800.000 SAC• Perú = 4 300.000 (First

world producer)

INTRODUCTION

SAC POPULATION IN SOUTH AMERICAN

Camélido Perú Bolivia Argentina Chile

Alpaca 3.041.598 269.285 pocos 28.551

Llama 1.462.730 2.237.170 161.402 50.132Vicuña 147.000 12.047 131.220 27.921Guanaco pocos pocos 636.477 27.150

CENAGRO, 2021, Quispe et al., 2009

3.685.500

746.269

LOCATED

Voluntary intake: 39.9 a 63.1 g/kg0.75 DM

36.5 a 57.1 g/kg0.75 OM

1. Footpad2. Tooth impeller

NATURAL PASTURE:Thermal variation

Intense solar radiationLow rainfall

1. Involves many people2. Main means of combating

poverty

IMPORTANCE OF THE ALPACA

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA FIBRAREFERENCIAS:

EN ALPACAS:• LUPTON, - EEUU• WULIJI – NUEVA ZELANDA• MCGREGOR Y XUNGAI – AUSTRALIALLAMAS:• FRANK – ARGENTINA• RODRIGUEZ Y MARTINEZ – BOLIVIA• WURZINGER – AUSTRIAVICUÑAS:• BONACIC – CHILE• RIGALT, MUELLER Y SACHERO – ARGENTINA

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA FIBRA

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA FIBRA

Trait n Average SEFW 45 1713.74 265.59MFD 55 24.25 0.59CVMFD 55 22.48 0.54SL 55 11.74 0.46CF 55 84.64 2.27FC 55 32.59 1.88SF 55 23.98 0.64

ALPACA

LLAMA VICUÑA

VARIACION DE LAS CARACTERISTICAS DENTRO DE

LOS VELLONES

REGIONES DE VELLON DE CAMÉLIDOS

McGregor and Quispe et al., 2015

EN ALPACAS

Factor NAFC CVAFD SL CF FC SF

Average SD Average SD Average SD Average SD Average SD Average SDSIDE N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S.

Rigth 314 24.36a 3.82 22.52a 2.94 11.81a 2.83 84.04a 15.75 32.57a 8.64 24.11a 4.20

Left 310 24.14a 3.27 22.43a 2.82 11,65a 2.52 85.23a 12.94 32.61a 8.25 23.86a 3.55

Zone *** *** *** *** *** ***

BA 89 25.94a 4.03 23.41a 2.97 12.79a 2.84 77.59d 18.56 29.39c 8.63 25.88a 4.41CU 90 24.66b 4.10 23.00a 2.89 12.06b 3.33 83.9bc 15.34 32.96ab 6.98 24.51b 4.55MA 88 24.34bc 3.19 22.94ab 3.02 11.9bc 2.50 83.82bc 12.83 32.21b 8.57 24.17b 3.43MP 88 24.97b 3.70 22.02c 3.24 11.67bcd 2.76 82.5c 17.09 32.30b 9.18 24.62b 4.05VA 89 23.01d 2.75 22.34bc 2.58 11.37cd 2.16 88.84a 9.53 33.96a 8.12 22.72c 2.95VC 90 23.14d 3.04 21.84c 2.43 11.12d 2.20 88.49a 11.14 34.17a 8.73 22.74c 3.25VP 90 23.70cd 3.00 21.76c 2.63 11.24d 2.45 87.16ab 11.19 33.12ab 8.12 23.29c 3.37

Subzone ** *** *** ** ** **

1 208 24.70a 3.64 22.85a 3.01 12.06a 2.72 82.76b 15.1 31.85b 8.58 24.51a 3.972 209 27.13b 3.57 22.48ab 2.69 11.68ab 2.54 85.1a 14.76 32.5b 8.05 23.85b 3.843 207 23.93b 3.43 22.1b 2.90 11.47b 2.74 86.04a 13.20 33.44a 8.66 23.6c 3.83

Quispe et al., 2015

Averages and standard error (SD) by side, zone and subzone of six fiber characteristics (AFD, CVD, SL, CF, FC and SF) of Chaku llama fiber.

EN LLAMAS

Body Site AFD±ee

(μm)

CVD±ee

(%)

SF±ee

(μm)

CI±ee

(°/mm)

SL±ee

(mm)

Neck 13.92± 0.21bc 20.68±0.41cde 13.54±0.22bcd 82.05 ±1.94 ab 19.25±0.56a

Forelimb 14.00±0.18bc 20.07±0.39bcd 13.53±0.17bcd 83.58 ±1.59 abc 22.58±0.54b

Hindlimb 13.92±0.18bc 18.66±0.37a 13.28±0.16bc 87.89 ±1.75 c 24.00±0.58b

Anterior saddle 3 13.21±0.22a 19.64±0.36abc 12.71±0.20a 83.83 ±2.04 abc 28.00±0.82c

Anterior saddle 2 14.03±0.22bc 20.43±0.40bcde 13.60±0.21cd 84.41 ±1.90bc 28.08±0.81c

Anterior saddle 1 14.63±0.20d 21.49±0.39e 14.29±0.20e 81.37±1.48ab 27.67±0.67c

Central saddle 3 13.59±0.26ab 19.34±0.44ab 13.04±0.24abc 82.62±1.77abc 29.67±0.87cd

Central saddle 2 13.94±0.18bc 19.32±0.37ab 13.39±0.16bcd 81.35±2.15ab 27.83±0.85c

Central saddle 1 14.58±0.23d 20.54±0.44bcde 14.13±0.20e 80.48±1.79ab 24.75±0.82b

Back saddle 3 13.55±0.25ab 19.48±0.31abc 13.01±0.23ab 82.61±2.03abc 31.58±0.87de

Back saddle 2 14.02±0.21bc 19.40±0.39ab 13.46±0.18bcd 78.17±1.67a 32.92±1.23e

Back saddle 1 14.34±0.20cd 20.71±0.42de 13.91±0.18de 82.70±1.70abc 27.50±0.88c

A_Fl with neck 13.98±0.17 19.92±0.31 13.49±0.15 82.64±1.20 26.99±0.45

A_Fl without neck 13.98±0.18 19.92±0.31 13.49±0.15 82.64±1.20 27.69±0.48

Average and standard error (se) of average fibre diameter (AFD), fibre diameter coefficient of variation (CVD), spinning fineness (SF), fibre curvature (FC) and staple length (SL) of vicuña fibreat different body sites.

EN VICUÑAS

Quispe et al., 2014

The effect of site on fibre attributes of female white Huacaya alpaca in the High Andes, (a) mean fibre diameter (μm; LSD 5%, 1.66), (b) fibre diameter coefficient of variation (%; LSD 5%, 1.07), (c) fibre curvature (◦/mm after log10 backtransformation; LSD 5% notbacktransformed, 0.037), (d) staple length (mm; LSD 5%, 8.6).

Spectra for vicuña fleece showing top variations by body areas. (A) Darkest and lightest zones produce fines and thicker fibres, respectively, (B) Darkest and lightest zones have fibre with less and more CVD, (C) In darker zones are located fibres with the highest fibre curvature, contrary to the lighter zones, and (D) At darkest areas are located fibre with larger staple length.

COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA DE VELLONES

COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA DE VELLONES

COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA DE VELLONES DE CAMELIDOS

MODELO UTILIZADO PARA DETERMINAR COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA

Variables dependientes:MDF, CVMDF, LM, FIHI, FC, ICVariables independientes-FIJO : estrato etáreo, sexo-ALEATORIO: animal, lado, región, subregión, error

MODELO ADITIVO JERARQUICO

jklmnoklmnklmklkjiijklmno eiALRIALRALAESuy //////

METODOS DE ESTIMACION DE COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA

• ANOVA• METODOS DE HENDERSON• MINQUE• MIVQUE• MAXIMA VEROSIMILITUD (LM)• MAXIMA VEROSIMILITUD RESTRINGIDA (REML)• GIBBS SAMPLING

COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA DE VELLONES DE LLAMAS, ALPACAS Y VICUÑAS

Descomposición de la varianza del DMF y el CVD entre animales y dentro de animal, en alpacas Huacaya.

Carácter Varianza dentro del animal

Varianza entre animales

Varianza residual

DMF 14.38 14.19 6.53(%) (41.0%) (40.4%) (18.6%)

CVD 0.32 3.28 10.91(%) (2.2%) (22.6%) (75.2%)

Quispe et al., 2013

VariablesVariance component estimates of total variance

Totalanimal zone Sub zone residual

LLAMAS CHAKU

AFD (μm2)5.04(2.25)

{0.35}2.43(1.56)

{0.17}0.32(0.56)

{0.02}6.80(2.61)

{0.47}14.58

{1.00}

CVAFD (%2)4.44(2.11)

{0.50}1.41(1.19)

{0.16}0.10(0.31)

{0.01}2.95(1.72)

{0.33}8.90

{1.00}

SL (cm2)3.20(1.79)

{0.41}1.28(1.13)

{0.16}0.01(0.00)

{0.00}3.29(1.81)

{0.42}7.77

{1.00}

CF(%2)75.18(8.67)

{0.31}34.53(5.88)

{0.14}7.12(2.67)

{0.03}125.65(11.21)

{0.52}242.47{1.00}

FC(º/mm)252.08(7.22)

{0.68}5.30(2.30)

{0.07}3.53(1.88)

{0.05}15.63(3.95)

{0.20}76.54

{1.00}

SF(μm2)6.05(2.46)

{0.35}2.84(1.69)

{0.16}0.22(0.46)

{0.01}8.14(2.85)

{0.47}17.25

{1.00}

Variance component estimates of average fiber diameter (AFD), coefficient of variation of fiber diameter (CVAFD), staple length (SL), comfort factor (CF), fiber curvature (FC) and spinning fineness (SF), and their proportional contribution to total variance for each component, in Chaku llamas.

Quispe et al., 2014

Sources of

variation

AFD VCD SF CI SL

Value % Value % Value % Value % Value %

Between animals 0.34 28.31 0.94 19.92 0.26 20.34 14.55 16.74 1.91 3.67

Within animals 0.38 31.18 1.42 30.21 0.49 38.48 8.60 9.90 35.19 67.54

Residual 0.49 40.51 2.34 49.87 0.52 41.18 63.73 73.36 15.00 28.79

Total 1.22 100.00 4.70 100.00 1.27 100.00 86.88 100.00 32.68 100.00

Contribution of sources of variation or variance components of average fibrediameter (AFD), fibre diameter coefficient of variation (CVD), spinning fineness(SF), curvature index (CI) and staple length (SL), in vicuñas

Quispe et al., 2014

MEJOR ZONA DE MUESTREO

METODOLOGÍA

jiiij eXXbaY )(

21

)2,1(2,1 * ss

Covr

•CORRELACIÓN

•REGRESION

MEJOR ZONA DE MUESTREO

Correlación entre las regiones del vellón de alpacas Huacaya consideradas para diámetro medio de fibra (sobre la diagonal) y coeficiente de variación del diámetro (bajo la diagonal).

Ranking according to r-Pearson

AFD CVD SL CF FC SF

1st: SiterICp-value

CS2{0.93}

[0.81-0.98] 3.29E-07

B1 {0.95}

[0.85-0.98]8.50E-08

AS2 {0.93}

[0.80-0.98] 4.71E-07

CS2{0.90}

[0.73-0.97]3.86E-06

BS1 {0.97}

[0.91-0.99]1.84E-09

CS2{0.92}

[0.78-0.97]8.45E-07

2nd: SiterICp-value

CS3{0.93}

[0.81-0.98] 4.00E-07

AS2 {0.92}

[0.78-0.97]9.26E-07

CS2{0.89}

[0.68-0.96]1.13E-05

CS3{0.88}

[0.66-0.96]1.90E-05

CS3{0.97}

[0.91-0.99]3.01E-09

CS3{0.92}

[0.77-0.97]1.31E-06

3rd: SiterICp-value

AS2 {0.89}

[0.69-0.96] 9.11E-08

CS3{0.89}

[0.71-0.96] 6.62E-06

CS3{0.88}

[0.68-0.96]1.19E-05

AS3 {0.87}

[0.66-0.96]2.04E-05

CS2{0.96}

[0.89-0.99]8.13E-09

AS2 {0.90}

[0.72-0.97]5.18E-06

Appropriate site for sampling of six fiber characteristics (AFD, CVD, SL, CF, FC and SF) of Chaku llama fiber with the ranking of sampling sites according to those with the highest correlation coefficient

MEJOR ZONA DE MUESTREO

Appropriate site for sampling of five technological characteristics (AFD, CVD, FF, CI and SL) of vicuña fiber with the ranking of sampling sites according to those with the higestcorrelation coefficiente (r-Pearson in brackets)

CONCLUSIONESY

RECOMENDACIONES