PowerPoint Template

Computer Overview1NN TNG H THNG1.THIT B LU TR2.PH KIN3.H IU HNH4.Ni dung

21. NN TNG H THNG

31.1 CPUWhat is?CPU (Central Processing Unit) l tri tim ca bt k h thng my tnh no Desktop, Server hay LaptopCc hng sn xut CPU ni ting nh Intel, AMD,Tc ca CPU s quyt nh my tnh suy ngh nhanh nh th no

41.1 CPULch s IntelIntel thnh lp nm 1968 do hai ng sng lp l Bob Noyce v Gordon MooreGordon Moore ni ting vi nh lut Moore. Nm 1965 ng tng d on s linh kin trn chip s tng gp i mi nm v sa sai vo nm 1975: c 2 nm th tng gp i

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1.1 CPULch s Intel6Nm 1969, Nippon Calculating Machine Corporation yu cu Intel thit k 12 con chip cho chic my tnh c chc nng in n Busicom 141-PF, thay v sn xut c t chip, Intel a ra mt thit k mi ch c 4 chip c kh nng lp trnh cho nhiu sn phm khc nhau c tn MCS-4CPU 4004ROM cha cc chng trnh ng dngRAM d liu ang x lI/O portBusicom bn ckhong 100,000 chic15/11/1971 t Electronics Newsgii thiu VXL Intel 4004, ckh nng lp trnh cho nhiumc ch khc nhau trong ccthit b in t

1.1 CPULch s Intel7Cuc cch mng ca VXL c kch thc bng 1/8 hoc 1/6 inch (c mng tay) tng ng vi chic my tnh u tin mang tn ENIAC vo nm 1946 to bng 1 gian nh v dng ti 18,000 bng n Chip 4004 (1971) c 2,300 transitors bng 1/100,000 ln Intel Core 2 DuoKch thc mch in ca 4004 l 10 microns hoc 10,000 nanometers, cc chip ngy nay ca Intel c kch thc l .065 microns hoc 65 nanometers. Hy so snh, tc ca chng ta c kch thc l 100 microns hoc 100,000 nanometers. 1 nanometer bng 1 phn t meter

1.1 CPULch s Intel8Theo Intel, hin nay c khong 1 t my PC ang ni mng InternetIntel Core 2 Duo c 291 triu transitors, gp 10,000 ln s transitors ca Intel 8088 (29,000 transitors) trong chic my IBM PC u tinChic my IBM PC u tin khng c chut, khng giao din ha, khng 3D, khng cng, mn hnh en trng gi khong 3,000 USDMy tnh ngy nay vi Intel Celeron D, cng 160G, 256M RAM, mn hnh LCD vi gi khong 500 USD, hoc Intel Core 2 Duo, 4G RAM, 500G cng, mn hnh v h thng m thanh cao cp vi gi khong 2,300 USDChic IBM PC 8088 u tin vo nm 1981Intel i logo vo nm 2006

1.1 CPULch s Intel

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1.1 CPUPackaging

LGA (Land Grid Array): chn im tip xc gia CPU v socketCPU khng c chn nh trc, trong khi socket li c nhng nh

1.2 MotherboardWhat is?Bo mch chnh cung cp nng lng v kt ni cc thnh phn trong my tnh vi nhauCPU socketChipsetBusBIOSMemory socketHDD interfaceExpansion SlotISAPCIAGPPCI ExpressCc hng SX:IntelGigabyteASUSMSI

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1.2 MotherboardWhat is?121.2 MainboardChipset, BusCung cp tt c cc giao din kt ni gia tt c cc h thng x l v nhp xut trong my tnhCc hng sn xut chipset: Intel, VIA, SISFSB (Front Side Bus): ni CPU vi cu bc (North Bridge), FSB c nh hng rt ln n tc ca h thngBack Side BusMemory Bus ni b nh vi NBIDE/ATA Bus ni cc ti SBAGP Bus ni Video card ti b nh v CPU qua NBPCI Bus ni cc khe PCI ti SBBus cng nhanh th my cng chy nhanhBus nhanh +CPU, chipset chm= N/A

131.2 MainboardChipset/ Bus14

1.2 MainboardBIOSBasic Input/ Output SystemBIOS lm nhim v kim tra v khi ng h thngConfig BIOSDate/TimeBoot sequenceSecurityPower management15

Bus TypeBus WidthBus SpeedMB/secISA16 bits8 MHz16 MBpsEISA32 bits8 MHz32 MBpsVL-bus32 bits25 MHz100 MBpsVL-bus32 bits33 MHz132 MBpsPCI32 bits33 MHz132 MBpsPCI64 bits33 MHz264 MBpsPCI64 bits66 MHz512 MBpsPCI64 bits133 MHz1 GBps

1.2 MainboardExpansion slot: ISA, PCI16

1.2 MainboardExpansion slot: AGPAGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)AGP c 3 yu cu h thng hot ngChipset h trC khe cm hoc tch hp trn mainH iu hnh h trB nh:32M64M128M256M

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1.2 MainboardExpansion slot: PCI Express

181.2 MainboardExpansion slot: PCI Express

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CPU lm vic vi cc ng dng, gi thng tin v hnh nh n card ha. Card ha s quyt nh s dng cc im nh trn mn hnh to ra hnh nh, sau card ha s gi thng tin ra mn hnh qua cableGPU (Graphic Processor Unit)Cc hng SX: nVidia, ATI,Output interfaceVGA (Video Graphic Array): Analog devicesS-VideoDVI (Digital Visual Interface): Digital devices1.3 GraphicWhat is?

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1.3 GraphicWhat is?211.4 MemoryWhat is?RAM: Random Access MemoryNu nh tc ca chipset v bus nh hng n qu trnh trao i thng tin th tc ca RAM nh hng n vic truy cp d liu ca h thng v vy RAM c nh hng ln n tc ca h thng. Mt CPU mnh + RAM chm chng i n u c.RAM cng nhiu th h thng cng nhanh

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231.4 MemoryWhat is?

Cache l tn gi ca b nh m ni lu tr d liu ch ng dng hoc phn cng x l, mc ch ca cache l tng tc x lTrc y Cache L2 trn mainboard, sau chuyn ln bn cnh CPU thnh dng cartridge gn vo main qua slot 1 (Pentium II, III) cache lc c tc bng na CPU, vd CPU 266MHz th cache 133Sang CPU Pentium III Coppermine th tch hp lun vo nhn chip v c tc bng tc CPUKhi CPU x l, L1 s tm data trn L2 trc khi truy cp vo b nh h thngCache L1 t 8-32K, L2: ~2M241.4 MemoryCache

2. THIT B LU TR

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2.1 HDDWhat is?2.1 HDDWhat is? cng (Hard Disk Driver)Capacity: KB, MB, GB (750G)RPM (Round Per Minute): 5400/ 7200D liu c lu tr trn a di dng fileTextng dng (cc lnh)DatabaseImageD l file loi g th cng l mt chui byteskhi chng trnh yu cu file, cng s tmv gi n CPUCc hng SX: SamsungSeagateWestern DigitalHitachi (notebook)

27IDE (Integrated Drive Electronic), hn ch dung lng 500M (2 )EIDE (Enhanced IDE) tng dung lng ln 8G (4 )Master & Slave; Primary & Secondary2.1 HDDInterface: IDE, EIDE (PATA)

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PATA vs. SATA (Advanced Technology Attachment)RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)2.1 HDDInterface: SATAParallel ATASerial ATAMaximum Speed100 MB/s with bursts up to 133 MB/s150 MB/s Currently 300 MB/s by 2005 and 600 MB/s by 2008Cable Length18 Inches1 Meter (about 40 inches)Cable Pins407Power Connector Pins415Data transfer wires used262Power Consumption5V250 mVHot Swappable?NoYes29

X: tc ghi/ ghi li/ cCD700M/80CDRCD-RWDVD4.7G/ 8.5G/ 17GDVD-/+ R (+ Khng cn Finalized)DVD-/+ RW (a s l )

2.1 OpticalWhat is?

302.1 OpticalHD-DVD

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2.1 OpticalBlu-ray323. PH KIN33

3.1 Sound CardADCs: Analog to Digital ConverterDACs: Digital to Analog ConverterInterface (ISA/PCI) to MotherboardInput/ Output connections: Line In, Line Out, Mic,Thay v s dng ADC v DAC ring bit, cc card m thanh tch hp vo chip Coder/ Decoder cn gi l CODECDSP: Digital Signal Processor

343.2 PortsSerial PortParallel PortUSB: A/ BFirewire/ IEEE 139435

3.3 MonitorCc chun phn gii mn hnh:- VGA (Video Graphics Array): 640x480 pixels- SVGA (Super VGA): 800x600 pixels - XGA (Extended Graphics Array): 1024x768 pixels - SXGA (Super XGA): 1280x1024 pixels - UXGA (Ultra XGA): 1600x1200 pixels- QXGA (Quad XGA): 2048x1536 pixels - QSXGA (Quad SXGA): 2560x2048 pixels - QUXGA (Quad UXGA): 3200x2400 pixels- WXGA (Wide XGA): mn hnh rng 1366x768 pixels- WSXGA+ (Wide SXGA+): mn hnh rng 1680x1050 pixels- WUXGA (Wide UXGA): mn hnh rng 1920x1200 pixels- WQUXGA (Wide QUXGA): mn hnh rng 3840x2400 pixels36

3.4 OthersNgunKeyboardMouseWirelessBluetoothOpticalLaser37

4. H IU HNH

384.1 H IU HNHDOS

NMS KIN1981MS-DOS 1.0 pht hnh thng 8-19811982MS-DOS 1.25 pht hnh thng 8-19821983MS-DOS 2.0 pht hnh thng 3-19831984Microsoft gii thiu MS-DOS 3.0 cho cc h thng IBM PC AT; v MS-DOS 3.1 cho mng1986MS-DOS 3.2 pht hnh thng 4-19861987MS-DOS 3.3 pht hnh thng 4-1987.1988MS-DOS 4.0 pht hnh thng 7-19881988MS-DOS 4.01 pht hnh thng 11-19881991MS-DOS 5.0 pht hnh thng 6-19911993MS-DOS 6.0 pht hnh thng 8-1993 1993MS-DOS 6.2 pht hnh thng 11-19931994MS-DOS 6.21 pht hnh thng 3-19941994MS-DOS 6.22 pht hnh 4 thng 4-199439

4.1 H IU HNHWindows40414.1 H IU HNHWindows

Phn cngHome BasicHome Premium, Ultimate, Business, B vi x l 800MHz 32 bit (th h x86) hoc 64 bit (th h x64)1GHz 32 bit (th h x86) hoc 64 bit (th h x64)B nh h thng512 MB1 GBB x l haDX9Windows AeroB nh ha32MB128MB cng20GB40GB cng cn trng15GB15GB42Gi bn l phin bn Windows Home Basic: 238 USD (bn ) v 123 USD (nng cp); Home Premium: 282 USD (bn ) v 190 USD (nng cp); Business: 351 USD (bn ) v 236 USD (nng cp); Ultimate: 470 USD (bn ) v 309 USD (nng cp).4.1 H IU HNHWindowsThank You !Any question?Email: ducnv@fpt.com.vnCall: 091.246.8668