Connections June

THE NICEIC MAGAZINE FOR APPROVED ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS & DOMESTIC INSTALLERS £5.00 TWITTER: @OFFICIALNICEIC SUMMER 2011 | ISSUE 178

NICEIC Live proves a hit with contractors // page 8

connections

MAKESOME NOISE

ADVICE P19How to win more business by putting together the perfect tender

2021 VISION P34Incisive research into how the electrical industry will look in a decade’s time

COMMERCIAL VEHICLES P42Navigating your way through the options that can keep your business mobile/ / /

Get noticed and get your fi rm to stand out from the crowd

MERSEY BEATHow A&B Engineering’s electrical division has thrived with the rebirth of Liverpool // page 30

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3www.niceic.com NICEIC Connections Summer 2011

ContentsSummer 2011 | Issue 178

N

First phase 4A leading vision

NewsNICEIC Live rated huge success 8New TechTalk events planned 8

MPs support campaign 9New-look EEIBA embraces change 9

Government told to listen to 11contractorsNew shirt deal hits the target 11

Search is on for new apprentices 13NICEIC diary and promotions 13

ESC news Poor installation led to fatal fire 14Give your views on Part P 15

Product news 17Connector with a twist

Advice 19It’s crucial to master the tendering process, says Karen Douglas Opinion 20Hard-wired alarms will benefit contractors, says Gerald Jones

Training 21NICEIC’s provision reviewed

Regions 22Faced with continuing tough conditions, many electrical contractors in the West Midlands are having to diversify to survive

Customer care 24Play by the NICEIC mark rules

Events 26The first NICEIC Live event at Epsom Downs was much more than a trade show

Current aff airs 66Blast from the past

Cover story: contractor profile 30Liverpool’s A&B Engineering comes of age as the city flourishes

Having 2021 vision 34NICEIC/ECA research on the future of the industry highlights the role of contractors in the sustainability agenda

Lost opportunity 38Don’t miss out on the chance to work in security and alarm installation

Wheels of fortune 42How to make the right choice of commercial vehicle for your business

Ask the experts 47Some of the NICEIC technical helpline’s more frequently asked questions answered

Technical 50Diff erences between extra-lowvoltage systems 50

Hybrid ring/radial final circuits 52

The Electrical Installation Condition Report 54 RCD testing 60

Snags and solutions 62

Features

34

26

38

42

20



connections

MAKESOME NOISE






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»Cover photo:Richard Hanson

Illustrations: Cameron Law

Fully charged

Live wire

Plugged in

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4 Summer 2011 NICEIC Connections www.niceic.com

Comment

First phase

I t is in turbulent times such as these that leadership really counts. In the current economic crisis, many electrical contractors are understandably unable to plan past the short term, so a decade away seems like a very long time from now.

The two leading organisations in the industry – NICEIC and the Electrical Contractors’ Association (ECA) – have decided to help. I believe we have both displayed the leadership required in such an environment and have jointly funded a comprehensive research document entitled 2021 Vision: The Future of the Electrical Contracting Industry. The document is free of charge and will be available on our respective websites towards the end of July.

2021 Vision identifies the likely scenarios that will shape our industry over the next 10 years. It highlights the character and structure of the wider construction industry, sustainability, the economic outlook, client and main contractor requirements, the range of work that is likely to be undertaken, the knowledge and skills

that may be required and key product development and installation trends.

We hope it will provide a platform for all contractors to plan for the future and, although there are several threats, there are also opportunities that provide a great deal of hope. For more information see our feature on page 34.

In order to meet the demands of the future, it’s vital contractors remain up to date with the latest trends and products in the marketplace so it was pleasing to see more than 500 attending the inaugural NICEIC Live event in May. The day was a great success and will hopefully be the first of many. For more information see our review on page 26.

Finally, you will notice this issue of Connections features a new design. As well as keeping the magazine’s look and feel fresh, we hope this will make it easier for you to find your way around the magazine through clearly defined sections.

Significantly, too, it places you – the contractor – at the heart of the magazine, as can be seen with our cover feature profiling Liverpool business A&B Engineering on page 30. We hope you like it.

A leading vision Research from NICEIC and the ECA charting the future of the industry over the next decade will provide a vital planning tool for contractors

Emma McCarthy is chief executive off icer, NICEIC

NEMMA McCARTHY

EDITORIALGeneral 020 7880 6200Fax 020 7324 2791 Email [email protected] Editor Nick Martindale Technical editor Mike Clark Sub editor Victoria BurgherArt director Mark Parry Art editor Adrian Taylor Picture researcher Akin Falope Publishing and business development directorAaron Nicholls

ADVERTISING AND MARKETINGSales manager Jim FolleySenior sales executive Mark Palmer Sales executive Darren Hale Display 020 7882 6206Fax 020 7880 7553 Email [email protected]

PRODUCTIONProduction manager Jane EastermanDeputy production executive Kieran Tobin

General 020 7880 6240 Fax 020 7880 7691Email [email protected]

SUBSCRIPTIONS Should you require your own copy of Connections or multiple copies for your staff, subscriptions are available by calling 020 8950 9117

CONTRIBUTIONSConnections welcomes ideas for contributions. Please email [email protected]

© Redactive Publishing Ltd 2011 17 Britton Street, London EC1M 5TP. Registered No. 3156216. All rights reserved. This publication (and any part thereof) may not be reproduced, transmitted or stored in any print or electronic format (including but not limited to any online service, any database or any part of the internet) or in any other format in any media whatsoever, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Redactive Publishing Ltd accepts no liability for the accuracy of the contents or any opinions expressed herein.

Printed by St Ives (Peterborough) Ltd. Paper by Denmaur Papers plc

The paper mill that makes the text paper for this magazine states that it uses at least 80 per cent wood pulp from sustainable sources.

Redactive Publishing Ltd, 17 Britton Street, London EC1M 5TP

WWW.NICEIC.COMNICEIC ENQUIRIESExternal affairs director Richard Pagett 01582 [email protected] Communications officerPaul Collins 01582 [email protected] DirectMike Jackson 01582 [email protected] @officialNICEICTechnical helpline 0870 013 0391Customer services 0870 013 0382Sales 0870 013 0458Training 0870 013 0389

CONTACTS // CONNECTIONS

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Plugged in

NICEIC Live rated a huge success by allMore than 500 electrical contractors packed out Epsom Downs racecourse in May for the inaugural NICEIC Live event.

Visitors were able to attend a wide range of seminars to get up to speed with the latest technical information and new markets such as renewable energy, as well as hearing from leading names including motoring journalist Quentin Willson and ChocBox founder Peter Moule.

The event was given a resounding thumbs-up from those who made the journey. “It is good to take time out and learn more,” said Simon Senior of Croydon-based Senior Electrical Services. “It’s an investment for the future. The workshops were very useful and I can take what I learned today straight into my job.”

Alistair Martin from ASM Property Solutions in Middlesex said: “The industry needs these events. We need to know what is going on and to keep up

with the latest developments so we can pass this on to customers.”

As well as the packed seminar programme, contractors were also able to see the latest products and services from a wide range of exhibitors. These included partner sponsors Philips and home automation specialist Niko, which was on hand to off er visitors a demonstration of its new Home Control system on its £1 million “Nikobus”.

Stephen Calder, sales director of Niko UK, said: “We were delighted with the event – it was very well organised and a great success for us. We were thrilled to introduce our new Niko Home Control system to so many people from such a well targeted audience.”

“This was something new for us and the industry as a whole,” said NICEIC’s certification director Alan Wells. “The response was just fantastic.”E See our full review of NICEIC Live on page 26

NICEIC has announced a schedule for the next round of TechTalks, which kick off in October and run through to April 2012.

Tony Cable, NICEIC’s senior marketing and events engineer, will be on hand at the events to discuss technical issues, supported by technical training developer Darren Staniforth.

Contractors will also be able to speak to NICEIC staff about its products and services, and have the chance to purchase books and DVDs at discounted prices.

“TechTalks are a fantastic way for registered contractors to get up-to-date information about a number of hot topics,” said Cable. “We have made sure we visit as many regions as possible and can guarantee that attending a TechTalk will be time very well spent.”

The schedule starts with events in London (4 October) and Portsmouth (25 October) with further dates planned for Newmarket (1 November), Wigan (23 November) and York (24 November).

Further TechTalks are planned for Cardiff on 6 December and Birmingham, Derry, Plymouth, Sunderland and Livingston early next year.

Dates have still to be confirmed so keep an eye on www.niceic.com for more information.

New dates for regional TechTalks

News/ESC news/Product newsN

SPEIRS TAKES UP INTERNATIONAL POSTJim Speirs, chairman of the Ascertiva Group, which includes the NICEIC brand, has been appointed board director and chairman of the technical committee of the International Federation for the Safety of Electricity Users (FISUEL).

The body is the worldwide organisation for electrical safety and works to harmonise installation standards at an international level.

“I’m absolutely delighted to take on these roles for FISUEL,” he said. “The organisation is committed, as NICEIC is, to electrical safety and maintaining the very highest standards.“

Need-to-know industry news for electrical installers

APPRENTICE AWARDAn apprentice from an NICEIC Approved Contractor in mid-Wales has won the title of Sparks electrical apprentice of the year 2011.

Chris Randall, of Electrical

Estimates in Aberystwyth, was presented with his award by NICEIC’s Tony Cable following a two-day event at Swindon College in May.

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MPs show support for campaignThe equalities minister Lynne Featherstone (below right) has become the latest high-profile MP to back NICEIC’s Jobs for the Girls campaign.

“The government is committed to extending opportunity and that’s why I am really pleased to be able to support NICEIC in its eff orts to attract more women into the electrical industry,” said Featherstone, Liberal Democrat MP for Hornsey Wood, who is also a former director of an electrical business.

“Campaigns like Jobs for the Girls are vital for challenging outdated stereotypes and ensuring women know the career opportunities in this sector.”

The initiative has been welcomed by MPs across the political spectrum,

with South Bedfordshire Conservative MP Andrew Selous (below left) lending support and Labour’s Chi Onwurah, MP for Newcastle Central,

expressing an interest in the campaign. Emma McCarthy, NICEIC chief

executive off icer, said: “Our Jobs for the Girls initiative has really struck a chord with people inside and outside the industry. The support keeps on growing and it has become a real talking point with everyone I meet. We will continue to push the campaign and hope more women will come forward to even the balance in an industry currently short on skills.”www.niceic.com/contractor/jobs-for-the-girls

ONLINE COURSE NOTCHES UP 1,000 CUSTOMERSAn electrical contractor from Kent has become the 1,000th customer to sign up for NICEIC’s online 17th edition training course.

Les Keetch, 61, of Power Distribute, received the 2392-10 blended course – which costs £495 – free of charge to recognise the landmark number.

“I find e-learning a lot easier because it allows you to learn at your own pace and you can go back and check things if you are not too sure,” he said.

The e-learning option has been developed in partnership with Virtual College. “This partnership is just one example of the work we are doing to make training easier and accessible for all contractors,” said Alan Wells, NICEIC certification director.

CALLING ALL TALENTED YOUNG WOMENNICEIC is urging registered female contractors to apply for the title of IET young woman engineer of the year. The title is designed to recognise excellence within the engineering industry and the winning candidate will be a high achiever, a problem solver, a team player and a professional in every aspect of her work. The award is open to any female contractor

under the age of 30 and the ceremony will take place on Thursday 1 December at IET London, Savoy Place. The closing date for applications is 29 July. Visit the IET’s website at www.theiet.org

Book now for fi rst amendment courseNICEIC is staging a series of workshops to give contractors an early understanding of the upcoming first amendment to the 17th edition of the wiring regulations.

The one-day workshops take place at various locations across the country and those who book now will receive a place on the course, a free DVD on safe isolation procedures and a copy of the IET Wiring Regulations 17th edition BS 7671:2008, incorporating amendment No1 2011, all for just £155.

“The first amendment has significant consequences for everyone involved in the design, erection and verification of electrical wiring systems,” said Alan Wells, NICEIC certification director.

“These workshops will give attendees everything they need to know so they can go about their work confidently and in the knowledge that it will comply with future regulations.”E To book your place visit www.niceicdirect.com

The electrical industry charity EEIBA has relaunched with a vision of becoming fit for the challenges of the 21st century.

A presentation to mark the occasion took place in London in June and was attended by key industry figures and the trade press, with a keynote speech by Nick Hewer, star of BBC’s The Apprentice.

The decision to relaunch the charity comes after extensive research into how it was perceived by the industry and in recognition of the importance of its work in the current climate.

New-look EEIBA embraces 21st century challenges

“A number of changes have already been introduced, all aimed at delivering better levels of service for the industry in the 21st century,” said EEIBA president Ian Humphreys. “Improvements include outsourcing the finance function to reduce overheads by 50 per cent and reducing IT and admin expenditure to save 60 per cent.”

As a result, the amount of funding available for beneficiaries has increased by 40 per cent over the past two years, he added.


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NICEIC has urged the government to listen to the views of contractors as it debates the future of Part P of the Building Regulations.

Part P is currently under review by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) following the change of government last year.

“NICEIC is lobbying for Part P to be amended sensibly, with focus particularly on maintaining confidence in the legislation and enforcing compliance by non-registered contractors,” said Emma McCarthy, chief executive off icer of NICEIC.

“Our great concern is that the electrical contracting industry will be left in 2013, as we believe was the case in 2005, with an imperfect regulation, with little enforcement support from local authorities and very little publicity from government,” she said.

The message follows extensive research of NICEIC’s registered contractors, which revealed that 85 per cent were in favour of retaining and improving Part P and 90 per cent believed all installers carrying out electrical work under the Building

Regulations should be required to register as competent persons.

“Registered contractors quite rightly want to see Part P amended for the better, and naturally have very little regard for DIY electrical work,” said McCarthy. “Electrical installation work should be left to the acknowledged experts. The industry’s voice must be heard, otherwise there is a danger the it will be left with a shell of a regulation and the householder not knowing where to turn for a safe job.”

ACT NOW ON MCB RECALLElectrium is urging all contractors that have yet to carry out remedial work following its MCB recall notice last year to do so immediately.

The aff ected MCBs (6A, 10A and 16A only) were supplied from April 2009 to February 2010 and aff ect a small number of devices sold under the Wylex, Crabtree and Volex brands. Electrium also manufactures devices for Newlec, Alto, Sector & Steeple brands and these are also included in the recall.

The company has put in place a free-of-charge replacement service and is requesting contractors yet to act to call 0844 556 4787 as soon as possible.

For details on products aff ected visit www.mcbexchange.co.uk/electrium

FOLLOW US ON TWITTERMore than 500 followers are now tracking NICEIC on social networking site Twitter. For all the latest news, views and off ers just sign up and follow @off icialNICEIC

LOOK BEHIND THE SCENESHave you ever wondered what goes on at NICEIC’s headquarters in Dunstable? The NICEIC website now contains a short film outlining the work carried out by staff at Warwick House to keep more than 25,000 registered electricians happy.

You can view the video by logging onto the website and clicking on the NICEIC TV section under contractors.

FREE POCKET GUIDESInside this issue of Connections you will find Pocket Guide 24 – Smoke and heat

alarms in new or materially altered dwellings: Grade D, Category LD2. A printable version of each pocket guide is available on the NICEIC website. Additional copies can be obtained by contacting customer services on 0870 013 0382 or at

[email protected]

GET SET FOR HOME CONTROLNiko is off ering contractors free training on how to install and programme its Home Control system, which was launched in the UK at the recent NICEIC Live show.

The product will be available from August and contractors interested in taking part in a one-day training programme at Niko’s headquarters in Toddington, Bedfordshire, should email [email protected]

NICEIC has renewed its sponsorship of Luton Town Football Club for the upcoming 2011-12 season.

The home and away shirts will continue to carry NICEIC’s “Nice One” slogan, along with the website details.

The sponsorship brings great exposure for the organisation and its message for consumers to only use registered electricians – Luton Town FC has an average of almost 6,000 fans at every home game; a 40ft NICEIC advertising hoarding is displayed at the Kenilworth Road ground; and it receives local newspaper coverage and television exposure on satellite channel Premier Sports. The Hatters also featured on Sky

New shirt deal hits the target


Plugged in

Sports several times last year as they made a good run in the FA Cup.

“We are delighted to be renewing our sponsorship of Luton Town FC,” said NICEIC chief executive off icer Emma McCarthy. “We have enjoyed a fantastic relationship over the past two seasons and our support ensures the NICEIC logo is seen by tens of thousands of would-be specifiers.”

Government told to listen to contractors

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For a limited period existing NICEIC customers who apply for MCS for solar

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NICEIC will complete both your MCS and Approved Contractor/Domestic

Installer Scheme visits in one day where possible.

Discount will be applied to applications received by 31st July 2011*.

*Terms & conditions apply, email our advisors [email protected] for further information.

Register with NICEIC MCS for Solar PV from only £400 + VATIncrease your business opportunities with MCS Registration from NICEIC

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NICEIC is on the lookout for the next young crop of budding apprentices looking to make a way in the electrical contracting industry.

The organisation set up the Apprentice Academy in partnership with Bedford College last year as part of its aim to assist more youngsters to become electricians and is now looking to recruit the second wave of applicants keen to benefit from the best training possible.

“The academy was set up with the intention to plug the skills gap of the future and provide young electricians with the confidence and assurance to go into the industry with the best knowledge around,” said NICEIC chief executive off icer Emma McCarthy.

NICEIC is particularly keen to hear from young women who may be considering a career as an electrician, with recent research suggesting women aged 16-19 would be more interested in learning a trade than pursuing an academic career.

“The programme includes six or seven additional modules compared with

traditional courses, including training on solar photovoltaic installations, which will be vital to electricians over the next few years,” added Jeff Welch, course manager at Bedford College.

Anyone wishing to apply must already be in full-time employment and able to attend Bedford College. NICEIC will help to cover the cost of the apprentice’s salary by subsidising their wage by up to £2,000 per academic year, with all other costs associated with the student’s learning covered by the partnership with Bedford College.E For more information about sending your apprentice on the course, along with details about subsidised funding, email [email protected]

NICEIC is constantly working to raise public awareness of the need to use registered electricians and to promote its Domestic Installers and Approved Contractors. Recent campaigns include:

Don’t play games with safety summer 2011 Editorial campaign urging homeowners to call in a professional if they are thinking about tackling risky DIY

electrical jobs in their home /// DIY SOS summer 2011 A team of NICEIC Approved Contractors fi lmed for upcoming episode of this primetime BBC show /// Advertising campaign summer 2011 Adverts in Thomson local directories and consumer lifestyle magazines /// Blue Square Premier play-off fi nal May

2011 As well as sponsoring the shirts of Luton Town, NICEIC also took out a one-page advert in the programme highlighting the need to always choose an

NICEIC-registered electrician /// Twitter launch summer 2011 Launch of Twitter feed @OFFICIALNICEIC to spread the word about only using registered

electricians /// Bank holiday dos and don’ts April 2011 Campaign warning homeowners using the bank holiday period to do some home improvements

about the potential risks involved in carrying out any electrical work and the need to call in a professional /// Jobs for the Girls spring 2011 Campaign to

encourage more female contractors into the industry, featured in national press and radio interviews /// IET Awards spring 2011 Sponsorship of Young

Woman Engineer of the Year Award /// Apprentice Academy spring 2011 NICEIC’s new apprentice academy aims to address skills shortages in the industry /// Botched Jobs spring 2011 Research revealing families waste £100 million a year calling in professionals to put right failed DIY projects /// Linda Barker

spring 2011 The home improvement expert appeared in the national press and at the Ideal Homes Show, stressing the need for consumers to call in a

competent person from an accredited body such as NICEIC /// Wall of Shame winter 2010 Website dedicated to naming and shaming rogue contractors

who misuse the NICEIC logo /// Caution This Christmas winter 2010 NICEIC-backed press campaign urging homeowners to be cautious when installing

festive lights /// Buy with Confi dence winter 2010 Campaign with Trading Standards to support and promote businesses that demonstrate high standards

of trading and commitment to customer care /// Advertising campaign winter 2010 Adverts appeared in a range of home lifestyle magazines, reaching

in excess of 1.3 million people /// Watchdog November 2010 Appearance by Tony Cable on BBC’s fl agship consumer show warning against the dangers

of employing rogue tradespeople /// Cowboy Trap October 2010 Appearance by Tony Cable on BBC show, commenting on a substandard electrical

installation /// MOT your electrics autumn 2010 Campaign to encourage householders to bring in a professional to service their electrics.


Plugged inSearch is on for new apprentices

NICEIC // DIARY

JULY 6 UK Energy ExhibitionBarbican, London

6-7 Renewables 2011Bloomsbury Hotel, London

28-29 Electric Car ExhibitionKingston upon Thames

SEPTEMBER16-18 NICEIC Golf Classic FinalArcherfields Links, Scotland

OCTOBER4 NICEIC TechTalk London*Upton Park, London

11-12 Energy SolutionsLondon Olympia

11-12 Plug-In Electric Vehicle Infrastructure EuropeFrankfurt, Germany

25 NICEIC TechTalk South*Fratton Park, Portsmouth

* Dates subject to change

NICEIC // PROMOTIONS

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Poor installation led to fatal care home fi reAn inquiry into an electrical fire at the Rosepark Care Home in Lanarkshire that claimed the lives of 14 elderly residents in January 2004 has found that poor electrical installation and maintenance were contributing factors.

The inquiry determined that the fire was caused by an earth fault occurring as the result of abrasion at the point where a cable supplying two commercial washing machines passed through a knockout at the back of a metal-enclosed electrical distribution board, located in a cupboard in a corridor.

It also made a series of observations around reasonable precautions that could have prevented the accident. These included the fitting of a grommet to protect the cable against abrasion or

damage over time, the installation of the cable in such a manner that the sheath was protecting the insulated conductors as they passed through the knockout, and the distribution board being inspected and tested in accordance with BS 7671 on a number of occasions.

The ESC is working with the Fire and Rescue Service and the electrical supply industry to introduce a new label to warn householders and others not to store combustible materials near electrical equipment.

The fatal accident inquiry – the longest in Scottish legal history – published its findings in April. In terms of the numbers of lives lost, it was the most significant fire in the UK since the King’s Cross fire in 1987. The fire also left four people injured.

Electrical installation condition reports (EICRs) are to replace periodic inspection reports (PIRs) in the forthcoming amendment to BS 7671 (17th edition).

The move is designed to make it easier for householders to understand the system and to enable contractors to report more clearly and comprehensively on the condition of electrical installations.

The new model forms, based on the ESC’s proposals, are being included in appendix 6 of BS 7671:2008 incorporating the first amendment.

The new system includes three classification codes for each recorded observation, as follows:• Code C1: Danger present, risk of injury, immediate remedial

action required;• Code C2: Potentially dangerous, urgent remedial action required;• Code C3: Improvement recommended.

The condition of an electrical installation must be reported to be “unsatisfactory” if any observation is classified as C1 or C2.

There is no longer a separate code for “requires further investigation” – it will be possible to indicate separately against each observation if this is necessary.

There is also no equivalent to the existing recommendation code 4, used when equipment does not comply with BS 7671:2008.

Condition reports to replace PIRs


THE ESC WANTS YOUWould you like to help shape the important campaigns and initiatives at the heart of the council’s work to raise awareness of electrical safety?

The ESC is governed by a board of trustees and is on the lookout for potential new recruits. The board is responsible for setting the strategic goals of the charity, to ensure that it fulfils its consumer safety mission, adheres to principles of good governance and remains true to its values.

The council is inviting those with a passion for electrical safety to register an interest in becoming a trustee, should a vacancy arise.E Interested parties should respond to the ESC’s company secretary Judith O’Connell at [email protected]

Plugged in

ESC WORKING WITH SCOTTISH CONTRACTORSThe ESC has teamed up with the Scottish Electrical Charitable Training Trust (SECTT) to provide free lockout kits to electrical trainees north of the border.

Lockout kits implement safe isolation practices when working on electrical installations, potentially saving lives.

The ESC and SECTT are dedicated to supporting the electrical industry and believe that providing lockout kits to new electricians is a great way to promote good safety practices from the start of their careers. The kits are being distributed to 800 electrical students at colleges in Scotland.

cfo•

PA

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Give your views on Part PThe ESC is chairing a working group to develop an industry-wide contribution to the government’s review of Part P, ahead of the issuing of a consultation document by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) later this year.

The group met in April, primarily to address the question of how Part P can be made more eff ective and reduce both costs and bureaucracy while maintaining a reasonable standard of safety.

The group, which includes NICEIC alongside other Part P scheme operators and industry bodies, agreed an outline

response to the DCLG and a number of related actions.

These included the need for scheme operators to pool information about the number of notifications taking place under each work category, and to look into gathering data on electrical work notified direct to Building Control.

The group also agreed to invite members of Part P competent person self-certification schemes to give their views on the operation of Part P through an online survey.

To take part in the survey, visit the industry section of the ESC’s website at www.esc.org.uk.

REGISTER NOW FOR OFFLINE ESC GUIDEThe ESC’s The Essential Guide is now accessible online only, which means users need to be connected to the internet whenever using it.

Last year, the council asked whether there was any interest in subscribing to an enhanced version of the online version of the guide that could also be used on mobile devices off line when internet access is not available.

Only about 50 users registered such an interest, which meant it was not economically viable for the council to develop an off line version.

However, now that the standard CD version is no longer available, the council is again reviewing users’ needs.

To register your interest in subscribing to an enhanced, off line version of the guide, please go to www.esc.org.uk/industry/essential-guide

ESC revises Best Practice GuidesThe council is updating its Best Practice Guide (BPG) 3 Connecting a microgeneration system to a domestic and similar electrical installation (in parallel with the mains supply) and BPG 4

Periodic inspection reporting – recommendation codes for domestic and similar electrical installations in light of the imminent publication of the first amendment to the 17th edition.

The revision of BPG 3 also takes into account microgeneration certification scheme requirements relating to feed-in tariff s and updated information on legal areas such as planning permission and building regulations, as well as

energy-metering arrangements.BPG 4 is to be renamed Electrical

installation condition reporting: classification codes for domestic and similar installations to reflect changes to the model forms being introduced in appendix 6 of the first amendment. A wide range of examples of the new classification code system are included.

Both revised guides will soon be available to download free from the industry section at www.esc.org.uk.

A ruling made by the High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland over a contractual dispute concerning the meaning of the expression “qualified

electrician” in contractual documents could have widespread implications for contractors.

In finding for the defendant that a requirement in a contract that

‘Qualifi ed’ status needs clarity

The Electrical Safety Council: raising electrical safety awareness, made possible by funding from NICEIC Keeping you up to date with news from NICEIC’s parent charity

P–dipt

amst

an electrical operative should be “qualified” must involve some objective standard, the judge said that “in the absence of government intervention it falls to the industry to set a common standard that will secure recognition” for “qualified electricians”.

The ESC has since proposed that the electrotechnical assessment specification (EAS) management committee takes the lead in developing and publishing such an objective standard that will secure recognition in future contractual arrangements.

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14_15_esc_news.3.vb.indd 1514_15_esc_news.3.vb.indd 15 15/6/11 08:40:0115/6/11 08:40:01

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TESTING ROUND-UP

Seaward has released its Solar Installation PV100 product, which it claims is the first dedicated multi-function tester for use when installing solar panels.

The handheld device carries out all electrical tests required by IEC

62446 on grid-connected PV systems and automatically obtains all required measurements with confirmation of whether these are within acceptable boundaries. www.seaward.co.uk

Megger, meanwhile, has launched the PS1410 phase sequence indicator,

allowing contractors to check the rotation of three-phase supplies to help prevent the costly

damage that can arise from incorrect connection. The product can also reveal missing phases and is

suitable for use on all parts of LV installations, even those close to the source of supply. The devices require no batteries, instead drawing power from the supply under test. www.megger.com

The latest VT2 and VT3 non-contact voltage detectors from Martindale Electric have been designed to eliminate the risk of working on live circuits by checking for the presence of AC voltage at outlets, switches, electrical panels, wires and cables.

Both can detect voltage between 200V and 1,000V, while the VT3 can also identify magnetic fields produced by sensors, relays, solenoids and transformers. www.martindale-electric.co.uk

Carlo Gavazzi has introduced a new version of its EM21-72 compact energy meter, which it says is the simplest way to introduce an energy-monitoring system into an older building or existing installation.

The device’s self-power supply means it can be installed without having to modify or disconnect existing wiring, and it also features automatic phase detection with a wrong-phase-sequence warning facility.

The monitor features a detachable display that can be mounted on a panel or a DIN rail without the need for further adaptors or external accessories.

The EM21-72R is available in three ranges covering currents up to 250A and allows for active and reactive energy measurement. www.carlogavazzi.co.uk

EASY ENERGY MONITORING

The new Twister PRO from Ideal Industries is a reusable connector featuring an advanced spring mechanism that it claims makes for a fast, secure and easy connection that will not relax over time.

The twist-on connector can be used on multiple wire combinations and on both stranded and solid wires, and features SureGrip technology to make it easier to hold. It is suitable for conductors between 0.52 to 8.0mm2.

Ideal Industries claims it makes installation quicker and easier than traditional wiring connectors, saving contractors time and money.

Twist-on connectors are common in the US, but have so far failed to catch on in the UK, despite the advantages over more conventional connectors. www.idealindustries.co.uk

< Carlo Gavazzi’s compact energy meter

MIDDLE GROUND FROM MK ELECTRIC

MK Electric has added the Shield to its Masterseal Plus range, designed for installation in small-to-medium sized commercial premises.

The product is designed for applications where a degree of ingress protection is required, but where this falls short of the high specification required by IP66-rated products.

The device, which is rated to IP56, provides complete protection against contact, and MK Electric says it reduces dust ingress to such a degree that it would not interfere with the operation of equipment. Water projected in powerful jets will also not cause damage, it says.

The sockets are available in grey, white or with a clear cover and have been designed for use in places such as small business units, workshops, restaurant kitchens and in domestic premises. www.mkelectric.co.uk

NEWEY’S TRUNKING JUST GOT NEWER

Time-pressed contractors will be interested in the new range of cable trunking from electrical wholesaler Newey & Eyre.

The retailer’s own-label brand now includes a faster-fitting lid as well as screwdriver-operated diecast turnbuckles for easier cover fixing.

The return-edge trunking system is manufactured from pre-galvanised steel, which Newey & Eyre says makes for a stronger and more durable finish, and is available in 3m lengths. The trunking, which is also compatible with the previous Newlec system, comes complete with an extensive range of bends, intersections and accessories, including a variety of lid cover positions. www.neweysonline.co.uk

< An addition to MK’s Masterseal Plus range

CONNECTOR WITH A TWIST

Ideal Industries’ Twister PRO >

< Cable trunking

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17_product_news.3.vb.indd 1717_product_news.3.vb.indd 17 14/6/11 16:29:4714/6/11 16:29:47

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Live wireAdvice/Opinion/Regions/Training/Customer care/Insight/Case study/Events

T he tendering process has become even more competitive over the past couple of years, so to be able to compete it’s essential that companies are organised, skilled and knowledgeable. Following some basic principles can help you to reap rewards.

Identify opportunitiesTendering is a mixture of successful business development, eff icient sourcing and luck. Devote time to getting to know and understand your existing clients and their requirements, as well as building relationships with new and prospective clients, including their procurement team.

It’s important to understand clients’ current contracting situations and what work is likely to be available and when. Being in the buyer’s mind when they are writing tender documentation could significantly increase your chance of success. If you are searching for public sector opportunities on a larger scale you will find all high-value opportunities advertised in OJEU (the Off icial Journal of the European Union).

You can become more eff icient in your sourcing by subscribing to a tender-tracker service. This will take the time to understand your business needs and will source the most relevant opportunities.

Be ready for actionOrganise a bid team who are knowledgeable about the business and the tendering process. Understand the requirements of the tender by thoroughly reading all of the necessary documents and then create a bid strategy.

This should involve creating a project plan, including key milestones and delegated responsibilities. Included in this should be regular reviews, co-ordinated questioning and filtering of replies and the organisation of key shared documents so you are all working from the same template. Allow time towards the end for review and amendment and, if possible, include an external person in the review who can run a fresh eye over the tender.

Finally, ensure there is time to collate, print and bind (if required) your tender and then courier it or submit it electronically. Remember to always follow instructions to the letter and never miss the deadline because nothing will be accepted after this time.

The right answersAnswering the questions in a tender document takes some practice. To ensure top marks the answer must confirm or exceed compliance and

Successful tendering The tendering process is seen as a necessary evil for many electrical businesses, but mastering this can lead to lucrative contracts and long-term relationships, says Karen Douglas

N

should state how the requirement will be met, and include the benefits and value of the solution.

Ensure you understand how each question will be evaluated and how many marks are allocated because this will help you to identify which sections are deemed most important. Ensure you substantiate claims with facts and provide demonstrable evidence.

Make sure you know what is important to the buyer. This is where relationship-building comes into its own. If there is a question about environmental credentials and sustainability and you know they have awards or standards for this ensure that you meet or exceed those in the answer.

Learn from experienceObtain feedback at the end of the process, whether you are successful or not. This will ensure you capture what worked and what didn’t for the future. There are also opportunities to be had by asking the buyer if there are likely to be other tenders in the near future. This can form the start of an excellent relationship or identify key learning needs for the team.

TENDERS

Karen Douglas is head of learning and development at Tenders Direct

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Advice/Opinion/Regions/Training/Customer care/Insight/Case study/EventsN

Live wire

H ard-wired smoke and heat alarms are mandatory in new homes in the UK and should, of course, be fitted by professional electrical contractors. But current trends are increasing opportunities for installing more.

Minimum requirements for smoke and heat alarms in the home are governed by Building Regulations based on the code of practice BS 5839-6: 2004. The code recommends category LD2 for new, and also many existing, dwellings. This means smoke or heat alarms in living rooms and a heat alarm in every kitchen, as well as smoke alarms in circulation areas.

Although diff erent regulations apply around the UK, there is a trend towards bringing them into line with the code. Until recently, in Scotland, only smoke alarms in circulation areas were required. But the latest guidance now requires more smoke alarms to eff ectively meet category LD2 as well. The same approach was adopted some time ago in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

But in England and Wales, Part B still requires just smoke alarms in corridors, with heat alarms in kitchens only where not separated off by a door. In BS 5839-6 this constitutes category LD3 which, as the code of practice points out,

“might not prevent the death or serious injury of occupants in the room where the

fire originates”. Electrical contractors should be recommending more alarms, in line with LD2.

Hard-wired alarms are a requirement of the Housing (Scotland) Act 2006 in rented housing, and the code also recommends category LD2 for many existing homes.

Another opportunity is carbon monoxide alarms. The Northern Ireland Executive has announced these will become mandatory in all dwellings where a combustion appliance is to be installed or replaced, while Building Regulations in England and Wales also call for them, albeit only to fixed solid fuel heating appliances at this stage. There is a strong argument for electrical contractors to recommend hard-wired CO alarms in all homes.

Action stations Contractors stand to benefi t from the growing trend towards hard-wired smoke and heat alarms, says Gerald Jones

If you have an opinion about an issue concerning the electrical industry, let us know. Email editor@ niceic connections .com

ALARM INSTALLATION

IN FOCUS// COLIN TOKLEYCan you tell me a bit about your business? I started it in 1987 after working for a large electrical company. There’s myself and one full-time employee and we mainly work on defence contracts and school work. Recently there’s been more domestic just to keep things going.

What kind of work do you take on? I don’t really go in for contracts because the qualifications to get those contracts are so onerous and expensive for a small company. I prefer to work directly with clients if

possible. At the moment we’re doing a lot of pubs, installing fire alarm systems.

Which areas do you cover?The best part of East Anglia, but by and large we tend to work around Colchester.

What’s the hardest part of running a business?The bureaucracy. Every big company says they’re in favour of small firms getting contracts but the mechanics of it make you lose the will to live.

What are your plans for the next few years?I’d like to convert it into a

limited company and grow the business. It probably won’t get much bigger, but provided I can sleep at night, put food on the table and have a social life I’m not too worried. I’m past the period of trying to get kudos and plaudits.

What about outside work?I’m into Motown and soul music, photography, walks and architecture. I do yoga to keep supple – I’m 56 and I still have to go up in a loft or under floorboards. I don’t want to retire at 65 and play golf. I still like to see the lights come on when I’ve wired something up.

If you are a small business or sole trader and would like to feature in In Focus, email [email protected]

»Colin Tokley is the owner of CP Tokley based in Colchester

Gerald Jones is business manager, professional and fire brigade channels, at Kidde Fyrnetics

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www.niceic.com NICEIC Connections Summer 2011 21


Live wireSTANDARDS REVIEW

N ICEIC Training has reviewed its training material on a number of courses to ensure the information is in line with the newly created national occupational standards (NOS) set by the sector skills councils, SummitSkills and Construction Skills.

This means that every course aligned with an NOS delivers a certain level of skill and/or knowledge. In terms of electrical work, SummitSkills compiles the requirements from working group meetings involving employers and education outlets from across the industry and confirms the NOS includes the correct requirements and skills.

SummitSkills also produces standards for some of the new environmental technologies such as solar photovoltaic. Non-electrical environmental technologies such as solar thermal will fall under the remit of Construction Skills. Construction Skills will compile the standards that involve construction trades and environmental technologies that fall directly within the construction sector.

With these new standards in mind, NICEIC Training has just completed a review of its own photovoltaic course. We carried out a gap analysis to understand how our own course stood up against others and on completion it was clear to see that it wasn’t too far away from what SummitSkills wanted from this particular course.

Where gaps did exist, we have been able to fix and develop solutions easily. We have now launched an updated photovoltaic course, and straightaway are able to off er clients and students a course in line with the new standards.

This means that someone completing a photovoltaic course direct with NICEIC Training will be delivered

material and assessed to the same standards as any other photovoltaic course off ered by any of the other major awarding bodies such as City & Guilds or EAL.

NICEIC Training will now be working hard to ensure that all of our courses align to those standards. It’s important NICEIC can off er courses that are recognised nationally so candidates choosing to complete their learning with NICEIC Training can be confident the material being delivered is to a level established by the industry’s sector skills council. This will allow the candidate to reach a nationally recognised level of skill, knowledge and achievement.

The method of delivery is also something that NICEIC has reviewed recently. We understand the majority of individuals within the engineering sector learn better practically. Using this information, we are now ensuring our courses deploy a large amount of practical learning throughout their duration.

The recent review of courses means NICEIC Training is now able to off er nationally recognised courses, using methods that meet candidates’ needs and provide a better platform to succeed.

NICEIC Training is also working hard to help contractors overcome the barriers to learning, such as the costs involved in taking time off work and for travel. For instance, we have developed online courses that allow candidates to access their leaning at a time to suit them.

One of the newly completed courses is our online course on the first amendment to the 17th edition of the wiring regulations. This will allow any individual the opportunity to complete a continuous professional development accredited course from the comfort of their own home or off ice with little or no eff ect on their working week.

Raising the bar NICEIC has recently conducted a review of its training provision in the light of new national occupational standards and the growing demand for emerging technologies, says Darren Staniforth

Darren Staniforth is technical training developer at NICEIC

‘Someone completing a photovoltaic course direct with NICEIC Training will be delivered material and assessed to the same standards as any other course off ered by a major awarding body’

» Further information on NICEIC’s training courses can be found at www.niceic.com/training, by emailing [email protected] or calling 0870 013 0389

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Advice/Opinion/Regions/Training/Customer care/Insight/Case study/Events

Live wireN

WEST MIDLANDS

Diversify and growConditions for electrical contractors in the West Midlands remain tough and many are moving into new areas to keep their business afl oatBy Adrian Holliday

T he West Midlands is a highly diverse area, with a strong mix of industry twinned with a predominantly service-based economy, particularly in many rural areas. It is strong in both manufacturing and rubber – there’s Dunlop Tyres near Castle Bromwich, ATS Euromaster in Aston and Jaguar Land Rover in Solihull.

But it also has a high concentration of public sector jobs, and around one in four people living in the rural West Midlands are thought to be exposed to the cuts that are hitting the public sector.

Despite all this, the electrical contracting industry seems to be bearing up. But it involves a certain approach. Take Anthony Willis, operations director for Midland Technical Solutions based in Walsall. Midland had a turnover of £1.2 million last year and employs 14 engineers. His solution to survival is simple: specialise.

“We really haven’t been aff ected by the recession that much,” he explains. “We’re a little bespoke. We’re mainly commercial and industrial and we work in a variety of areas; refurbishment, agri-business, food and banks. But we’ve taken a step into quite a specialist area – data installation – and have chosen the sectors we feel are the most profitable, with the least risk of not getting paid.”

This means it’s easy for Midland to stand out more, as well as ensuring it works in a sector that is slightly less cut-throat. “There is still competition,” Willis says. “You’ve still

got to show value every time. With every contract I’ve got people want a reduction in rates from last year. It’s still very aggressive, but the opportunities are there.” Ninety per cent of the work is private sector, he adds, so Midland is relatively unscathed by the government’s budget cuts.

One area that is increasingly robust is health and safety. Companies simply can’t aff ord to not invest in this area, Willis says, because they know they’re going to be audited. “Insurance companies are driving much of the demand in traceability and ISO 14001 standards,” he says. “But a lot of the time it’s the clients attempting to be more eff icient and competitive themselves. They’re going for more automation.”

Cool workSpecialisation has also paid off for Stewart Starkey, who runs Starkey Electrical in Halesowen, south-west Birmingham. He employs four people and last year turned over £175,000. His chosen field is LED lighting, and he’s busy – he’s only had three or four quiet weeks in the past two years.

‘You’ve still got to show value every time. With every contract I’ve got people who want a reduction in rates from last year’

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Well, perhaps. But work can still dry up overnight if you hit a bad patch. And some bad patches can go on and on. Simon Jarvis is the contracts manager for J.A.Gaunt, based in Oldbury. The business has been trading for 40 years and is a well-established, medium-sized name in the area, with an annual turnover of £550,000 and 16 employees. But Jarvis has never experienced such a prolonged downturn.

Trade standards have dropped, he says, and the firm seems to be turning out plastic plug-and-play installations with depressing regularity. In the past, says Jarvis, when quoting a job you would win on eff iciency and existing relationships. “We recently lost a project worth £105,000 by just 1 per cent,” he says. “In the past you would be up against three to four other contractors. We are now finding they are getting quotes from 30-plus contractors.”

Some jobs and quotes have been cut so close to the bone that contractors will go below cost to win, he says, then hope to build up the job once on site; a policy Jarvis steers well clear of. “Clients are aware that work is short and want more and more for the same cost, all-in,” he says.

On the positive side, jobs from manufacturing and domestic are picking up, says Jarvis. But this medium-sized contractor remains vulnerable to new start-ups that aren’t VAT-registered, making them 20 per cent cheaper straight off .

The message from the West Midlands, then, is that if you want to survive and flourish in a prolonged recession you need to specialise. And be lucky.

» Adrian Holliday is a freelance business journalist

>Anthony Willis, operations director for Midland Technical Solutions in Walsall

Recovery is a word that is highly piecemeal in this part of the UK. The area will gain from the 21 new enterprise zones announced by the government in the recent Budget, which should bring tax incentives and more freedom from planning restrictions to help boost employment and investment levels.

But it is a slog. Recent fi gures from the Offi ce for National Statistics in May revealed that 9.5 per cent of people – some 255,000 – in the West Midlands are out of work, although they also showed this had fallen by 4,000 since April.

There are other glimmers of hope, too. A brand new £100 million John Lewis store is planned in Birmingham, which will dominate much of the new shopping centre above the revised New Street station. That, at least, should bring some good news for contractors.

Not so long ago he was working at the Solihull Land Rover plant, building up his business in his spare time. But when his redundancy package came through, he was off . “Initially I was looking at domestic clients,” he says, but he steadily branched into the commercial sector, working for a range of clients including Morrisons and Tesco.

Last year refrigeration and logistics company Oakland International was added to Starkey’s client list when he carried out a large LED-lit cold-room installation. “LED lighting is still expensive and often trial and error,” he says. Starkey was two days away from placing an £80,000 order from China when the trial lights he’d had for months began to blow. “If one went, they’d take a row out with them,” he recalls.

Starkey doesn’t invest too much cash in marketing. Much of his business is word of mouth. He’s wary of sub-contracting work; he likes to handle the meet-and-greet himself. “If another company is doing that, you don’t get the credit,” he says. Meanwhile he remains relatively upbeat, although he’s well aware that business confidence remains fragile.

Plug and playCertainly the domestic market remains fragile for Gurd Ubhi of Ubitec Electrical & Security in Birmingham. Much of his work is now commercial maintenance; he’s taken on two new apprentices and contracts are generally looking solid.

He’s operated out of the Birmingham area for 20 years and, importantly, his own clients are doing nicely themselves. “If you don’t give your clients a reason to leave you then you should be alright,” he says.

Economic outlookWest Midlands

9.5 per cent: The level of unemployment in the West Midlands, equating to some 255,000 people

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Summer 2011 NICEIC Connections www.niceic.com24


Live wireN

NICEIC MARKS

Play by the rules NICEIC registration is a valuable asset that is open to both deliberate abuse and unwitting breaches of the rules. Contractors should make sure they are aware of the most common pitfalls, says Philip Sanders

R egistration with NICEIC indicates the level of professionalism within your business and provides confidence to customers and specifiers that work is performed by competent persons and complies with the relevant safety standards.

A business can maximise the advantage that NICEIC registration brings through the use of both the NICEIC registration and certification marks. The registration mark can be used on items such as stationery, literature and notices, while the certification mark can also be used on items such as vehicles, signs and clothing.

It is important, however, to remember that there are some conditions and restrictions on the use of these marks. This is to ensure that the meaning and value of the mark or logo is easily recognisable and understood by customers and specifiers alike. Further guidance on the correct use of the marks is provided in the document Making Your Mark, which is available to download from the NICEIC BRCS website.

Because of the value that NICEIC registration holds, we are unfortunately seeing an increasing number of businesses falsely advertised as being registered with NICEIC. They are using the NICEIC mark or logo on their websites, vans and paperwork to mislead those hiring them into believing they are registered. This form of misuse is taken very seriously by NICEIC and known off enders are contacted and instructed to immediately cease the misuse. In addition, where off enders fail to respond, they are reported to Trading Standards and their details placed on the “wall of shame” on the NICEIC website.

However, even registered contractors can sometimes become unwittingly involved in misuse or similar issues. For instance, this can happen through the incorrect use of NICEIC forms or marks, or through non-compliance with registration or enrolment rules, commonly with matters such as the sub-contracting of work.

Although some of the rules surrounding these issues may initially appear to be unnecessary, the objective is always to protect the value associated with being an NICEIC contractor and to protect the business from unforeseen liabilities that may be presented at a later date.

Misuse of NICEIC formsAn unused pad of NICEIC certificates may not initially appear to be of great value. It is, however, vital to protect your registered business against unforeseen misuse by safeguarding forms from loss or theft. Any lockable cabinet or desk drawer will suff ice, with the key being retained by the qualified supervisor. Unfortunately, fraudulent use of NICEIC forms does occur so remember to notify NICEIC in writing immediately if you discover any loss or theft.

In addition, NICEIC forms such as installation certificates should only be issued for electrical work carried out by the issuing installer, from the registered trading address and with the registered trading title.

Remember, NICEIC forms should only be issued for the type of work for which the business has been assessed and registered. This is particularly relevant to Domestic Installers and Approved Contractors with defined approval. If the work undertaken is outside of the scope of NICEIC registration, a non-NICEIC form will need to be issued.

Sub-contracting workAn NICEIC-registered contractor may wish to sub-let work for various reasons – where a sudden increase of workload is encountered, for example. However, there may be an increased exposure to certain risks with this type of arrangement, because work is not undertaken directly by your business. For example, the quality of the sub-contracted work may not meet the standard expected by your business or customer.

To protect our contractors from any unnecessary exposure to this risk, there are specific NICEIC rules that cover such an arrangement. These are summarised below, but can be reviewed in their entirety in the rules for registration relating to enrolment, available to download from the NICEIC website.

The person ordering the work must always be informed that sub-letting is to take place and the sub-contractor must hold a current certificate issued by a certification body accredited by UKAS to EN45011, covering the range of work to be undertaken.

This includes domestic work, which must only be undertaken by a sub-contractor who is registered under the NICEIC Domestic Installer scheme or an equivalent approved Building Regulations electrical self-certification scheme.

Finally, it is important to remember that full responsibility for the work always remains with the NICEIC-registered contractor and that it may be subject to an inspection during an assessment.

‘NICEIC forms should only be issued for the type of work for which the business has been assessed and registered’

Philip Sanders is NICEIC’s customer relations engineer

» If nothing else, remember this:• Always ensure you are using the correct NICEIC logo in the right place;• Always keep NICEIC certifi cates and reports safe and secure;• Always ensure your customer is aware of any sub-letting of work;• Always ensure a sub-contractor is suitably certifi ed for the type of work undertaken.

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Live wire

T here is a well worn joke within the electrical contracting industry that if you ask 100 qualified electricians to solve a problem you are likely to get 100 diff ering opinions. There is probably a good reason why so many trained professionals can come up with so

many answers, but when it comes to ensuring safety, having conflicting opinions is just not an option.

The electrical standards procedure was designed to take away the potential for choice and lay down a set of guidelines that all trained electricians must follow. Currently in the UK we use the standard BS 7671 Requirements for Electrical Installations as the base guideline for all electrical work and engineers look to comply with BS 7671:2008 (17th edition).

July 1 sees the publication of the first amendment to the 17th edition and with it a set of new guidelines to follow, which will come into force from 1 January 2012.

Incorporating new standards into their work is nothing new for electricians. The first-ever edition of the Electrical Regulations was issued in 1882, entitled Rules and Regulations for the Prevention of Fire Risks Arising from Electric Lighting, and contained only 21 regulations – six of which were on the dynamo machine.

With thanks to the Institution of Engineering and Technology, we have been able to reproduce the original document here (above right).

It was just four pages long and seems a bit lightweight when compared with the weighty 400-plus pages of today’s wiring regulations. Interestingly, however, regulation 17 states the importance of testing the wires used; something that is still emphasized today, but is perhaps better known as insulation resistance testing.

As the years progressed and technology evolved, the wiring regulations were regularly updated or amended. In 1966 the 14th edition was published and was reprinted seven times, before the 15th edition emerged some 15 years later. This was in turn reprinted five times – as was the 16th – and we now have the first amendment to the 17th. In all, there have been some 22 books in 45 years; each one with alterations and new regulations.

For many electricians the constant changing and updating of the regulations can be confusing. For example, when the 15th edition was issued in 1981 a new term – “local supplementary bonding” – was introduced.

In 1991 the 16th edition was issued and the requirement for supplementary bonding changed, mainly to special locations only. In 2008 the 17th edition was issued and, providing certain conditions were met, the requirement for supplementary bonding in a bathroom was no more.

But in such a fast-moving industry, where new products and technologies are being launched every day, updating regulations has become vital to ensure best practice.

Ultimately the regulations are in place to protect and enhance the safety of customers and to ensure professional electricians and electrical engineers stay on top of their game when it comes to implementing them.

History lesson The fi rst amendment to the 17th edition of the Wiring Regulations is just the latest in a series of updates since the fi rst edition came out in 1882

‘The fi rst-ever edition of the Electrical Regulations was issued in 1882 and contained only 21 regulations – six of which were on the dynamo machine’

Among the expected amendments to the 17th edition are: • The inclusion of a new electrical installation condition report, replacing

the periodic inspection report• New sections in part 7 relating to medical locations and the operation or

maintenance of gangways• A new section in chapter 53 that deals with the installation of surge

protection devices• Modifi cations to chapter 44 in relation to voltage and electromagnetic

disturbances • Changes to chapters 51 and 52

BS 7671: First amendment

> The fi rst set of electrical regulations, published in 1882

NICEIC is off ering contractors a series of special one-day training workshops at various venues across the country that will cover all the expected changes. Those who book now can take advantage of a special early-bird deal that will include a place on the workshop, a free DVD (safe isolation procedures) and a copy of the IET Wiring Regulations 17th edition BS 7671:2008 incorporating amendment No 1 2011, all for the special price of £155. For more information and to book visit www.niceicdirect.com.


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Live wireN

NICEIC LIVE

I t promised to be one of the must-attend events in the electrical industry calendar and the inaugural NICEIC Live certainly did not disappoint.

More than 500 electrical contractors packed out Epsom Downs racecourse in May, with attendees hearing from high-profile speakers and keeping up to speed with the latest technical developments, as well as

being able to meet a wide range of suppliers and try out the latest kit for themselves.

NICEIC CEO Emma McCarthy opened the event and introduced motoring journalist and former Top Gear presenter Quentin Willson as the headline speaker.

Willson spoke of his own experience of running an electric vehicle for a year and urged contractors to become part of this revolution by running their own electric vehicles and taking advantage of the new business opportunities involved with installing charging points in public places.

“Electric vehicles are viable and usable and consumers will need to look for alternative transport because the price of fuel isn’t going to come down,” said Willson.

Currently vehicles are limited to a maximum of around 100 miles before they need charging, he said, but he predicted battery life would improve by around 10 per cent a year until vehicles were capable of running for the same distance as is possible on a tank of petrol today.

Vans are particularly well suited to running on electricity because they can accommodate larger batteries, said Willson.

“They are perfect if you have a small route of less than 100 miles a day,” he added. “If you don’t have to do those long motorway drives they’re ideal.”

So much more than a trade showThe fi rst-ever NICEIC Live event allowed contractors to boost their technical knowledge, fi nd out about new business opportunities and meet a wide range of suppliers

‘It was amazing to see Epsom covered in a sea of vans. There was a real buzz about the place and the contractors displayed a real enthusiasm for more knowledge’

By Nick Martindale

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Of most interest to contractors, however, would be the business opportunities derived from the emergence of electric vehicles as viable options for consumers.

“Experts say that 10 per cent of cars in the UK could be powered by electricity by 2020,” said Willson. “That’s going to create a huge opportunity for electricians with the demand for charging points in towns, rural areas and at home.

“It is important to realise this is happening,” he said. “Start thinking about how you can get a piece of the action. People are going to need to charge these cars and it is going to have to be easy and convenient. That is where you come in.”

Contractors could also use the cost-saving benefits of electric vehicles as a selling point for renewable installations, he suggested. “People could have charging stations at home powered by wind or solar energy,” he added. “There is a market there and the potential is huge.”

‘This was something new for us and the industry as a whole. It was great to see so many people from various sides of the industry come together for such a special day’

> Speakers, delegates and the ‘Nikobus’ at the fi rst NICEIC Live event

Partner sponsors

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Live wire

Other big-name speakers included ITV News economics editor Daisy McAndrew, who spoke about the UK’s economic recovery; Chocbox founder Peter Moule, who discussed how he built up his business with the help of the BBC’s Dragons’ Den; and former minister of trade Sir Richard Needham, who stressed the need for all businesses to constantly innovate.

“Every bit of the business has to be creative,” said Needham. “You need to think about what your diamonds are and consider how you could do things diff erently.”

On the technical side, contractors heard from NICEIC’s Steve Davies, who spoke about renewables; the Electrical Safety Council’s Gary Gundry on RCDs; and NICEIC’s Darren Staniforth, who discussed smart metering.

Other notable speakers included Steve Calder, sales director at Niko, on home automation, and Robin Earl, business development manager at Dehn UK, who brought

contractors up to date on surge protection devices.Staniforth also combined with NICEIC’s Tony Cable to

inform attendees about new amendments to BS 7671 and electrical installation condition reports, while Cable also hosted a session discussing the top 10 questions received by the technical helpline.

Outside of the conference rooms, the exhibition was thriving as contractors met a range of potential suppliers, as well as enjoying a complimentary ice-cream.

Exhibitors included Brother, Clik, Danlers, Dehn, Electrocorder, Fluke, Ideal Industries, Martindale Electric, Lenox Tools, Megger, Metrel, Milwaukee, Peugeot, partner sponsor Philips Lighting, Phoenix Contact, Sprue Safety Systems, SWA, Wago and Wylex. ElectricFix also supported the event as a partner sponsor.

The star of the show, however, was the £1 million “Nikobus”, where visitors could enjoy a bite to eat and a range of drinks while learning about the new Niko Home Control system – an installer-friendly device that enables homeowners to control their energy consumption and cut bills by up to 15 per cent.

Delegates were able to try out the system for themselves and witness how it can be installed into existing wiring setups as a result of its unique printed circuit board concept.

The device, which was off icially launched at the event and will be available from August, clearly made an impression on Willson. “What a great system; the concept is superb,” he said. “I’d love to have it in my house.”

‘Visitors could enjoy a bite to eat and a range of drinks on the £1 million Nikobus while learning about the new Niko Home Control system’

NNICEIC LIVE

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“I went to a TechTalk last year and this has even more information. The talk on PIRs was very interesting. The industry needs these events. We need to know what is going on and the latest developments so we can pass these on to the customer.”Alistair Martin, ASM Property Solutions, Middlesex

“It was good to see Quentin Willson showing his support. I enjoyed seeing the latest technology and tools on the market because at work you just carry on using what you are used to and you can become a bit blinkered. I will defi nitely be buying some of the products I was shown today.”Mark Herbert, Belmont Group, Herne Bay, Kent

“A great, fun and lively event. The space is perfect and the venue was stunning. Not just a trade show, but an education.”Rob Alger, Brother

“The talk on periodic inspections was excellent and something I needed to know more about. The industry needs these sorts of events and it is helpful to have all the suppliers and sellers in one place.”Paul Whitter, Mountjoys, Isle of Wight

“There was a good atmosphere around the stands and the variety of talks gave it a diff erent edge to other events. We came to learn more about the technical side and today has defi nitely answered a few questions.”Kraig Parish, Electrotest Services, Cannock

“It has been great. It is good to take time out and learn a bit more. It’s an investment for the future. The workshops were very useful and I can take what I learned today straight into my job. It was good ‘hands-on’ material.”Simon Senior, Senior Electrical Services, Croydon

What the attendees thought

The day was rounded off by NICEIC’s certification director Alan Wells, who presented a series of awards and prizes to various competition winners, including iPads donated by partner sponsor Niko.

“This was something new for us and the industry as a whole,” said Wells. “The response was just fantastic. It was great to see so many people from various sides of the industry coming together for such a special day.

“There was something for everyone to enjoy or learn from, and we hope it is the first of many such days to come.”

“It was amazing to see Epsom covered in a sea of vans,” added Willson. “There was a real buzz about the place and the contractors displayed a real enthusiasm for more knowledge.”

» See our feature on commercial vehicles on page 42» Nick Martindale is editor of Connections

‘I enjoyed seeing the latest tools because at work you just carry on with what you’re used to. I’ll defi nitely be buying some of the products I was shown today’

> Speakers and delegates enjoyed the scenic setting of Epsom Downs racecourse for the NICEIC Live event



Coming of ageThe electrical services division of Liverpool-based A&B Engineering has enjoyed a period of rapid growth as the city itself has fl ourished

CONTRACTOR PROFILE // A&B ENGINEERING

By Nick Martindale

L iverpool is a city on the up. As with many parts of the UK, it has been hit by the recession, but this has been sandwiched between huge regeneration projects in the wake of winning the title of European capital of culture for 2008, and massively ambitious plans to redevelop the waterfronts on both sides of the River Mersey.

Its emergence as one of the UK’s fastest growing cities has been mirrored by – and has in no small part contributed to – the growth of the electrical services division of A&B Engineering. “We’re the biggest privately owned electrical company in Liverpool; there are no national companies here,” says Ian Cooper, the company’s estimating director. “A few years ago, when Liverpool won the capital of culture, some larger competitors did open off ices in the city, but they have all gone now.”

In recent years, the company has worked on a vast range of projects, including most of the flagship buildings that now dominate the city’s skyline. The biggest of these was the One Park West residential apartments, which form the centrepiece of the Liverpool One redevelopment, where the electrical side alone was worth some £4.5 million. Others include the Beetham Tower, West Tower Building and the spectacular lighting on the outside of the University of Liverpool.

‘It was a massive risk. We all had young families – I was 28 – and we all put our houses on the line’

Much of the company’s success has come on the back of relationships with the mechanical services sector and several main contractors, says managing director Andy Stanley. “We have been very lucky to have been given the opportunity by Carillion, more than anyone, to have worked on many prestigious projects,” he says.

“That gave us the pedigree to move forward and also work with the likes of Laing O’Rourke, Bam Construction, Mansell and Morgan Sindall. Around 95 per cent of our work is through main contractors and we probably get 80 per cent through seven or eight main companies,” says Andy.

Other notable projects the business has worked on over the past decade include big-name hotels such as the Radisson Blu in Manchester and what is now the Marriott in Liverpool’s city centre, a range of retail and commercial work at the Albert Dock, the Roy Castle Cancer Research Centre, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital and Clatterbridge Centre for Onocology. It has also worked at a wide range of football stadia and training complexes across the north-west, including Liverpool and Everton football clubs, and on both Liverpool’s John Lennon Airport and Manchester Airport.

“The largest job we did at Manchester Airport was the new outward bound control where we relocated the existing

COMPANY: A&B Engineering

BASED: Old Swan, Liverpool

FOUNDED: 1974

MAJOR PROJECTS: One Park West, Beetham Tower and West Tower Building

STAFF NUMBERS: 120

TURNOVER: £11 million in 2010

Norman Kennedy

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passport control area and turned that space into more airside retail,” recalls Andy. “It was a live airport throughout the whole construction period and we had to install new lifts and escalators in the check-in area and build a new passport control and baggage-scanning area on the first floor. It was a tough job with tight timescales and a contract value of £2 million.”

A work in progressThe idea of taking on such projects was little more than a pipe dream when Ian and Andy joined in 1992 and 1996 respectively. In those days the company focused mainly on small-scale school and college work, with a bit of domestic thrown in as well. “It was anything they could get their hands on,” says Ian. “In 1995 we were turning over about £4 million and over the past three years it’s been anywhere between £11 million and £13 million. That’s how much the business has grown.”

The company was set up in 1974 to provide an electrical service to a plumbing and heating business founded by Frank Alefounder and Arthur Bagott (the A&B) that was originally started in the early 1960s. “It was initially headed up by Jim Winthorpe, who was taken on to carry out any mechanical wiring required, such as for boiler houses, and that’s how it all

started,” says Andy. “The mechanical business as it is today was then incorporated in 1978.”

The plumbing and heating business has long since faded away, but both the electrical and mechanical divisions of A&B Engineering still occupy the original premises in the Old Swan area of the city, buying up neighbouring properties as it grew.

“We looked at relocating to new purpose-built premises about three years ago, but unfortunately the developer we were looking to buy from ceased trading just as we were about to make our initial payment,” recalls Andy. “We have ended up staying where we are. We originally occupied number 11 Derby Lane and then we expanded into numbers 9 and 13, and now number 15. It gives us plenty of space for future development.”

The decision to bring in the likes of Andy and Ian was all part of a longer-term succession plan and exit strategy by the company’s former management. Along with Joe Carroll, Norman Kennedy and Paul Kennils, they bought a combined 49 per cent share of the business in 1998 and then purchased the remaining stake over a four-year period, which was completed in 2008. “It was a massive risk,” concedes Andy. “We all had young families – I was 28 – and we all put our houses on the line.”

The ownership structure has changed again recently, with Joe taking early retirement in February this year and three more long-serving members of staff – John O’Brien, Richard Lofthouse and Kevin Burns – buying his share between them.

Growing upThe plan was always to grow the business, but at a steady and sustainable pace, says Andy. “We’ve been very careful; we’ve never operated with an overdraft and we’re always in

Andy StanleyPaul Kennils

Ian Cooper

» If you would like your company to be considered for a profi le in Connections, please email [email protected]

£4.5 million: The value of the electrical contract for Liverpool’s One Park West residential development

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CONTRACTOR PROFILE // A&B ENGINEERING

the black,” he says. “We’ve grown relatively fast, but always at a manageable rate. We have ensured that the jobs we take on have been profitable and that money has been reinvested into the business.”

Today, the business directly employs 120 people, including 18 off ice-based staff , and draws on a trusted supply chain of sub-contractors to cope with peaks in demand.

Despite the company’s growth, it has managed to retain a family ethos. Norman joined as an apprentice – the company still tries to take on four a year – and his son is an apprentice at the firm; Ian’s nephew joined as an apprentice in 2010, while contracts engineer Brian Carroll is the son of former director Joe. Two of Richard’s sons also work for the company.

“It’s very much a family business and we look after our own, definitely,” says Andy. “A lot of people who work for us live within a 10-mile radius.”

Like every electrical contractor, A&B Engineering has inevitably been aff ected by the downturn. “It’s very diff icult at the moment,” says Andy. “Two years ago we’d be tendering against four or five people and now we’re against anything upwards of 15. A massive part of us still being a success is our partners – the main contractors we’ve been working with for a long time. Without that it would be a lot harder.”

The government’s decision to shelve the Building Schools for the Future project was a big disappointment, admits Andy. “But the flip side is that schools have only been carrying out the minimum of maintenance required because they thought they were getting a new school,” he says. “Now they know they’re not, they’ve got to spend money on their existing schools. If you look at it long and hard enough you’ll see a way of turning most situations to your advantage.”

Feeling the painThe business has had plenty to keep it occupied, however, through its eff orts to support Wirral-based children’s hospice Claire House, a residential centre for terminally ill children that relies entirely on charitable donations.

“We were introduced to Claire House by one of the senior people at Carillion, which supported it as their nominated charity, and it has now ended up being ours too,” says Andy. “We would attend charity nights and see and hear these heart-rending stories. We’d see how others had become involved and thought it was something we could do too.”

A&B Engineering first put a team into the Three Peaks challenge in 2008, and has been on a mission to go one better every year, culminating in the “2011 year of pain”; a series of 12 events taking part throughout the year, including the infamous Iron Man challenge in Lanzarote in May and the Scotland Coast To Coast event in September.

“It’s no good saying ‘I’m walking 10 miles round the park’ because no one’s interested,” says Andy. “They’ve got to think ‘I wouldn’t do that!’” Already plans are afoot for future projects, including the notorious Marathon Des Sables in 2013 and an attempt on Mount Kilimanjaro the following year.

In all, Andy estimates the company has raised around £25,000 for the charity. “We cover the cost of entry so all funds raised go to Claire House,” he says. “But the challenge is to get bigger and better each year to keep the interest going and the donations coming in.”

In the boardroom, too, Andy has his sights set on growth. “Over the next two years we’re looking to stay at the level we’re at now and then to expand from there,” he says. “In five years the business will be a lot bigger and I would hope to be turning over between £15 million and £18 million.”

The company regularly receives approaches from other organisations with a view to taking it over, but any such enquiries have been firmly rebuff ed.

“It’s a young team,” says Andy. “There’s no one here thinking of an exit yet. I’ve only just turned 41 and Ian’s about to turn 40. If we were 55 it might be diff erent, but as it stands today there’s still a lot to do before we reach that stage. It’s early days for us.”

» Nick Martindale is editor of Connections

‘Existing schools have only been carrying out the minimum of maintenance. Now they’re not getting a new school, they’ve got to spend money’

> The A&B team has completed many endurance events to raise money for charity

£25,000: The amount of money raised for children’s hospice Claire House since 2008

> Managing director Andy Stanley

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Change is in the air for the electrical industry over the next 10 years – and it has a distinctly green tinge. The government’s sustainability agenda off ers electrical contractors huge opportunities to upskill and diversify to support this drive for energy effi ciency

INDUSTRY FUTURE

95 per cent: of contractors surveyed felt the Green Deal provided an opportunity for the industry

Having

2021 vision

34_36 vision2021.5.vb.indd 3434_36 vision2021.5.vb.indd 34 14/6/11 16:24:1714/6/11 16:24:17


By Emma McCarthy

W hen recession struck in 2008 electrical contractors were particularly hard hit as commercial building projects dried up and the domestic market slowed dramatically. At a time when contractors were

understandably turning their attention to short-term planning, NICEIC and the Electrical Contractors’ Association (ECA) joined forces to produce a research document that will help the electrical contracting industry plan for the medium and long term.

The resulting document, 2021 Vision: The Future of the Electrical Contracting Industry, will help forward-thinking contractors pinpoint where they should be putting their eff orts and energy to secure long-term sustainability.

The research process began at the beginning of 2008 when ECA and NICEIC gathered a group of key opinion-formers from across the industry to discuss the current shape of the electrical contracting industry. Out of this, certain themes and areas of focus emerged as areas of concern or opportunity for the industry. These areas were then brought into focus by the industry as a whole when, in March 2011, 1,000 NICEIC registrants and ECA members completed an online survey giving their views on the current state of the industry – as well as their hopes and fears for the future. Of the respondents, 73 per cent worked for firms with between one and seven employees and 64 per cent for firms that had been active in the industry for up to 20 years.

These responses are central to the report 2021 Vision: The Future of the Electrical Contracting Industry, which will be presented to the media and available to download from www.niceic.com towards the end of July.

The future’s green2021 Vision identifies the likely scenarios that will shape the industry over the next 10 years. It highlights the character and

structure of the wider construction industry, the economic outlook, the impact of legislation and other external factors, key product development and installation trends and, as a result, the knowledge and skills that will be required by those working in the industry.

Let’s look ahead to 2021 to try and visualise the way we will live and work in 10 years’ time.

By 2021 the sustainable agenda will be inextricably linked to everything that we do in the UK. The government’s stringent targets for carbon reduction mean we all have a part to play – both in our homes and our working lives – to make sustainability work for the UK. This in turn will lead to a more environmentally savvy and demanding client.

For the UK energy consumer (both domestic and commercial), there will be a move away from the traditionally relied upon energy sources of gas and oil, and there will be increasing demand for electricity and renewable energy – the latter in particular – as electricity prices will continue to rise. Smart meters will be fitted in all UK homes by 2020, enabling householders to manage the energy used in their homes and allowing a smart grid to be developed. High-tech electrical systems will be more common in homes and broadband speeds will increase.

People’s working lives will change too – there will be a shift away from the business park model towards increased homeworking and shared off ices using hotdesking and shared meeting room space. These buildings will need to provide low-cost energy from renewable sources. Inside the off ices new technologies such as light walls that provide simulated natural sunshine will be used instead of lamps and strip lighting.

There will be a trend towards refurbishing existing buildings rather than replacing them, as well as a public demand for energy-eff icient systems to be retro-fitted to homes and commercial buildings. When newbuilds are commissioned, modular construction methods will be increasingly common – with a consequent move away from traditional wiring installations and the development of plug-and-play systems.

Feed-in tariff s and the Green Deal will provide opportunities for the general public to capitalise on incentives from the government to pump-prime the road to renewable energy.

What should the contractor do?There is no doubt that sustainability will be a major driver in the construction industry in the 10 years to 2021. This is partly about reducing carbon emissions, but also about ensuring the UK is more energy eff icient in response to the increasing price of oil and shortfalls in UK energy output.

The contractors’ survey demonstrates overwhelmingly that the move towards a sustainable future is a huge opportunity for the electrical industry. Renewable energy, new technologies and energy-eff icient products and installations will change the industry significantly, but will also provide opportunities for businesses of all sizes (see charts, page 36).

‘The government’s stringent targets for carbon reduction mean we all have a part to play to make sustainability work for the UK’

500,000: number of homes that will be upgraded a year in the UK under the Green Deal iS

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One of the biggest opportunities for smaller contractors is the Green Deal, which will launch in 2012. The Green Deal aims to make existing homes and small businesses more energy eff icient through loan incentives that will be paid for through savings on energy bills.

The Green Deal also applies to the introduction of low-carbon measures to new homes. It will provide opportunities to the contractor installing the renewable technologies, as well as to contractors who wish to become Green Deal advisors – providing evaluation and advice services.

The Green Deal will lead to the upgrading of 500,000 homes a year in the UK, and 95 per cent of contractors surveyed felt it provided an opportunity for the industry.

With new technologies and products comes the need for new skills and training. The increasing use of smart meters and systems, the energy management of appliances and the use of renewable energy will change what is required of the electrical contractor. The need for the traditional electrician who can install and maintain onsite cabling and electrical equipment will not change – but the role of that electrician will.

Skills and trainingOne of the findings of the survey highlighted the possibility that the role of the electrical contractor will be split into three tiers. As it was succinctly put by one of the respondents to the survey: “There will be installers, there will be people to connect and there will be people to test and commission – these will be three separate jobs.”

At the top level will be the energy advisor. These people will need both project management skills to help clients run their buildings and systems as eff iciently as possible and technical installation skills, and will also need to understand the sustainable implications of products and their lifetime cost.

The skills of the traditional electrical contractor will still be essential. They will have the same core skills but, as touched on later, will require a greater

knowledge and understanding of other trades. Working alongside the traditional electrical contractor onsite will be the lower skilled installer. Legislation and the plug-and-play nature of components of a system will see de-skilling continue.

This is obviously a significant threat to the trade, and 92 per cent of contractors surveyed viewed this as a threat. But with foresight and vision we hope the electrical contractor will focus on the vast opportunities available to them – rather than this area of threat.

Upgrading of existing buildings will see the need for new skills relating to the installation of new technologies such as solar panels and heat pumps. There will also be the need to change existing systems to lower energy consumption and cost of operation.

During the recession people have taken early retirement or have moved out of the industry. This, coupled with the need to upskill the existing workforce, means there will be a skills gap in the UK electrical contracting industry for a short period. The government has, however, recognised

this will be an issue and has announced measures to co-fund courses, in particular apprenticeships, that will help trades to develop the skills needed to deliver a sustainable future for the UK.

Many new technologies require installers to be multi-skilled, combining tasks that have traditionally been the responsibility of a number of diff erent skilled workers in the electrical, plumbing and roofing industries. If the electrical trade doesn’t upskill its workforce to become multi-skilled there is a danger that the other industries will make inroads into this work. More than half (57 per cent) of those surveyed see the crossover of trades requiring multi-skilling as a threat.

This snapshot of the agenda behind, and findings of, 2021 Vision should provide food for thought for electrical contractors of all sizes. The move to a sustainable future provides many opportunities for the electrical contracting industry that far outweigh any potential threats.

Traditional firms that provide clients with a great service and are reliable will remain the bedrock of our industry, but they have to be willing to adapt. The firms that succeed in this greener future will be those that embrace the change, learn new skills and develop their areas of expertise.

2021 Vision is for the industry – use it and learn from it – it’s an exciting future and we at NICEIC and our partners at ECA look forward to helping you get there.

» Emma McCarthy is CEO of NICEIC

‘There will be installers, people to connect and people to test and commission. These will be three separate jobs.’

INDUSTRY FUTURE

57 per cent: of those surveyed see the crossover of trades requiring multi-skilling as a threat

How do you think the electrical industry will be diff erent in 10 years’ time?

What do you consider to be the main opportunity for your business?

Increase in new technologies (including intelligent building systems, controls and smart meters)

More energy saving and energy-effi cient products and installations

More legislation and regulation (good and bad)

Move towards renewable energy

New technology (including intelligent building systems, controls and smart meters)

Energy saving and energy-effi cient products and installations

PV and solar

Renewable energy

12.9%

13.6%

15.9%

19.5%

9.1%

13%

13.5%

19.8%


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Electrical contractors could be missing out on the chance to develop their business by overlooking the security and alarm-installation market

SECURITY SYSTEMS

By Steve Rogerson

W hen times are tough it makes sense to look for new markets, and installing security systems should seem a logical move for many electrical contractors feeling the pinch in their traditional areas of expertise.

But the growing demand for alarm systems that are monitored and guarantee a police response, combined with the perceived complexity of networked CCTV and access control systems, is putting many electrical contractors off moving into that field. In fact, even some of those who list security and alarm systems among their competences often sub-contract out all but the basic wiring work.

Take Derby-based electrical contractor Trentham Holdings, which lists security systems as a skill on its NICEIC entry. “If

I get any security work, I sub-contract it out,” says Richard Jackson, a contractor at the company. “I’m too busy to do alarm work so I send it to an alarm firm.”

It is a similar story for NICEIC-registered Lowe Electrical Contractors from Leicester, which concentrates on school and college installations, but again tends to contract out any security systems work. “We’ll do the first fixes on large buildings, such as installing the cables between a keypad and panel and to the detectors and door contacts,” says Jon Lowe, managing director. “But we will employ a sub-contractor for the final installation. They also review the cables we put in.”

At present, the company has no plans to build up this side of the business. “It really is a diff erent field and mindset,” says Lowe, “especially as I can sub-contract it out.”

Another Leicester-based NICEIC contractor – Kneller & Kneller – does some basic alarm installations, but tends to stay away from the more specialist work. “We can fit domestic alarms,” says director Steph Kneller. “We use Citadel alarms. But there is not a lot of work in that area because most people go to specialist alarm companies. We may do a couple a year.”

Similar skillsetThis is something of a pity, because the security industry is potentially big business and, although there are hoops to leap through and skills to learn, there is plenty of help available.

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Take access control system company TDSI, for example. “The main concerns of contractors are ease of installation and being able to get it up as quick as possible,” says TDSI’s product manager Duncan Gooch. “Our products are geared to help make this easy.”

Most of the work involves applying basic electrical installation principles and sometimes linking that into a computer network, says Gooch. The cables have to meet certain specifications, but the company supplies those anyway, along with training and technical support.

“Our product support includes on-site training,” he says. “For a basic installation, we do a one-day course on how to install an access control system. There are also additional modules on software configuration and integration into CCTV systems.”

While most of the company’s customers tend to be alarm specialists, Gooch says more electrical contractors are moving into this field since there is a close match between the skills required to install security systems and those already practised by contractors.

“We will support them in installing these systems,” says Gooch. “The main thing is to make sure they use the correct cable and install it correctly, and that is all covered in the training course.”

Regulatory requirementsOne emerging area is the demand for monitored alarms that guarantee a police response; something insurance companies are increasingly insistent on. This is a more regulated area and only two bodies – the National Security Inspectorate (NSI) and the Security Systems & Alarms Inspection Board (SSAIB) – can assess organisations in this field, says Paul Phillips, technical off icer with the British Security Industry Association.

“You have to pass strict vetting controls on who you can bring on board,” says Peter Stanton, CCTV product manager for security company ADT. “They will come out and inspect systems that you have installed. The police also require you to be a member of one of these bodies if you want a police response.”

David Profit, technical manager for the SSAIB, points out that contractors must also gain approval from the Association of Chief Police Off icers, the organisation that issues the unique reference number needed for a monitored alarm. “One thing that is necessary is to be security screened,” says Profit. “There are companies that will do this.” Knowledge of the relevant British and European standards is also advisable, he adds.

The SSAIB is the newer of the two regulatory organisations and is probably a better bet for individual electrical contractors looking for approval because it was set up specifically to deal with smaller companies.

“When we started, there was only the NSI,” says Profit. “There was nothing for smaller companies. We now have 1,400 companies and we cover anyone from a sole trader to some huge companies.”

The organisation carries out regular inspections of installations by its members and also acts as an arbiter if a customer is unhappy with an installation.

26 per cent: The proportion of security professionals reporting an increased budget for installing access control systems in 2011

iSto

ckp

ho

to



Market potential Research conducted by consultancy fi rm Frost & Sullivan among attendees at the IFSEC security show in Birmingham in May provided an interesting snapshot of the potential of the security and alarm-installation market for electrical contractors.

Over a quarter (26 per cent) of those surveyed said their budget for installing access control systems would increase over the coming year, with 8 per cent estimating it would rise by 20 per cent or more. Forty-fi ve per cent said it would stay roughly the same and just 15 per cent were expecting a reduction in resources.

The research also revealed a growing interest in biometric systems, with 17 per cent of attendees saying they already used such technology and 12 per cent saying they were likely to install it in the next 12 months. A further 59 per cent said they were aware of biometrics, but currently had no plans to use it.

There is also a growing interest in using access control for time and attendance purposes as well as for ensuring security, with 29 per cent expressing an interest in this.

Profit’s advice for anyone considering moving into this area is to get in touch to find out exactly what is required of them and what equipment they will need. “We will go through that with them and it doesn’t cost them anything,” says Profit. “We will see what they have and where they work from and go through the criteria with them. We must also see some jobs they have installed themselves to get an idea of their workmanship.”

Ease of installationThe trend towards ethernet-based access control systems using the basic TCP/IP internet protocol rather than RS485 serial connections means installation is no longer the challenge it once was because systems can be connected to existing local and wide area networks.

“You don’t need to install a separate network,” says Gooch. “You can plug them into the existing IP infrastructure that is already there for the off ice.”

Another trend is towards the use of biometrics and smart cards for access control. “Smart cards are gaining popularity because you can write more information on to them to make them more secure,” says Gooch. “Information can be locked on them that can only be read by a specific reader. Plus the same card can be used for other applications such as cashless transactions.”

The use of fingerprint readers is growing because there is no need for an individual to carry credentials, while facial recognition readers are still fairly new, but are likely to become more prevalent in the future.

“This is an emerging technology,” says Gooch, “but it is a lot more secure than fingerprints. Both are very easy to install. Iris readers are also quite popular and are used at airports now, but we will see facial recognition replacing those. Some people are nervous about iris scanners because they are worried about eye damage. There isn’t anything to worry about, but because some people are worried they are looking at facial recognition.”

While some of these systems may look more complex, installation of them is not and manufacturers will often provide the necessary training.

Security equipment maker Texecom gives contactors a half-day training course to bring them up to speed with its equipment. “We do get contractors coming to us because the nature of things is that everyone wants to have a piece of someone else’s cake,” says John Hill, customer services manager. “They will have no trouble with the cabling side, but will need training for the programmable control panels.”

There are also specialist training companies such as Tavcom that electrical contractors can use.

“We can off er training to an electrical contractor who wants to move over to the security side,” says Tavcom director Kevin Matthew. “Most of our courses are around CCTV and access control.”

Here, the foundation course lasts for three days, with a CCTV course taking five days. The company also off ers diplomas that can be taken on a

Need to know:

modular basis over 12 to 18 months and which will give a BTEC qualification at the end.

Although training is not a formal requirement to install security and intruder alarms outside of those that guarantee a police response, companies wanting to be taken seriously in this area will be expected to demonstrate their credentials in terms of qualifications, regulatory approval and demonstrable experience.

Moving into a new area is not a shortcut to a fast buck, but something that requires genuine commitment and investment in both time and money. But for those that take it seriously, it could prove to be a highly rewarding decision.

» Steve Rogerson is a freelance journalist specialising in the electrical industry

‘We do the fi rst fi xes on large buildings, such as installing the cables between a keypad and panel and to the detectors and door contacts. But we employ a sub-contractor to do the fi nal installation’

SECURITY SYSTEMS

> Manufacturers provide training on security system installation

12 per cent: The amount of security professionals likely to install a biometric access control system in the next 12 months



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NIC.06.11.041.indd 41NIC.06.11.041.indd 41 16/6/11 17:15:1716/6/11 17:15:17


COMMERCIAL VEHICLES

By Rob Shepherd

Wheels of Electrical contractors have a wide range of

issues to consider when choosing the right commercial vehicles for their business

T he cost of fuel seems to be something of a national preoccupation at the moment. According to the AA’s figures for May 2011, the average price of a litre of unleaded petrol stood at 136.9p, while diesel cost 141.5p. Compare this with just a year ago, when drivers were paying 116p and 117p

respectively, and it’s not hard to see why it’s causing concern. This only adds to the dilemma for electrical contractors

when selecting a vehicle. With such a vast array of top quality commercial vehicles available today, being able to diff erentiate their features and benefits would even prove a challenge for Messrs Clarkson, Hammond and May.

With all the main manufacturers producing commercial vehicles, there is a wide range available, each with impressive specifications. Making the wrong decision can be costly when selecting a new vehicle, so it’s important to choose wisely. So how can a contractor select the van that is most suitable for their needs?

Looking at how and where a vehicle is used is the first thing to do. This includes working out how many people a vehicle will need to carry and how far, what it needs to transport and therefore the cargo space required, and who will be driving it.

30 minutes: The amount of time required for an 80 per cent charge for an electric vehicle using a fast-charging station

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If, for instance, it will be doing a low number of miles in a town or city then a smaller engine will be more suitable and will save a considerable amount of money on fuel. It’s also worth spending a little time estimating the monthly mileage for the vehicle to roughly calculate how much fuel will cost.

Jon Goodman, managing director of Peugeot UK, firmly believes that choosing a fuel-eff icient vehicle is the best way to save money. “Fuel eff iciency determines a vehicle’s CO2 emissions, and hence the tax an owner will pay,” he says.

“It also determines how much an owner or driver will pay at the fuel pumps, regardless of the advertised price of a litre. Peugeot’s message has been a clear one for a number of years: choose the most fuel-eff icient vehicle you can for your driving needs.”

The price is rightBeing able to aff ord the outright purchase of a new commercial vehicle is beyond the means of many electrical contractors, with many finding that leasing a vehicle is a far more suitable option (see box, page 44, for the main options).

The fixed monthly payments make budgeting far simpler and the inclusion of maintenance and repairs in the lease contract alleviates many headaches. At the end of the term the vehicle is returned to the leasing company and the contractor can opt to take out another contract.

Another option is to eff ectively buy a vehicle on either a contract or lease purchase basis, whereby the contractor pays a series of monthly amounts before making a final “balloon” payment at the end of the tenure. In this case the contractor is liable for all maintenance and depreciation in

fortune

the value of the vehicle, but does retain ownership at the end of the term.

Commercial vehicle leasing and financing is becoming increasingly popular in the UK. John Lewis, chief executive of the British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association (BVRLA), says his members forecast a continuing growth in demand in 2011, particularly for vans. “Many of them are investing in new vehicles and there is no danger of the market not having enough capacity,” he says.

In order to continue to provide value to its Approved Contractors, last year NICEIC announced a partnership with Peugeot to introduce a discount vehicle leasing scheme, available exclusively to NICEIC contractors. The scheme features highly competitive rates that would not be available to contractors on an individual basis.

Another trend, particularly for larger companies, is to outsource all fleet vehicle requirements to a third-party specialist. “Fleet management is set to grow as more organisations decide they haven’t got the expertise or inclination to manage their fleets in-house,” suggests Lewis.

Electric dreamsWith fuel eff iciency a major concern for contractors of all sizes, electric vehicles could become an option for some. Examples include the Renault Kangoo Van ZE; the world’s first fully electric light commercial vehicle produced by a volume manufacturer. It is already attracting significant interest from public and private organisations alike, seeking to promote the “greener” side of their operations while saving operating costs.



“Renault will be the first manufacturer to off er a complete range of electric vehicles,” says Darren Payne, director of fleet and commercial vehicle operations at Renault UK.

The Ford Transit Connect Electric is also being tested in the UK for an imminent launch. “Not only is this an ideal vehicle for eco-conscious fleet operators, it is an important part of Ford’s future,” says Derrick Kuzak, Ford group vice-president, global product development.

Despite the excitement and high hopes for the commercial electric vehicle sector, however, some remain unconvinced, citing the short distances they can travel before needing to be recharged as a potential problem.

This issue is being addressed by a number of schemes to install more charging points in town centres, service stations and hotel car parks, which in itself off ers a potentially lucrative new line of business for electrical contractors through partnerships with energy companies or local councils and builders. Although charging takes around eight hours through a standard domestic point, it can take as little as half an hour for an 80 per cent charge through a fast-charging station.

That said, there aren’t many contractors who will be able to spare even that amount of time to park up and charge their vehicle in the middle of a busy day, so for now it seems the new models may only be viable options for contractors whose work is confined to their immediate locality.

The growth in the electric vehicle sector, however, is indicative of the many changes aff ecting the world of commercial vehicles. As a major investment, electrical contractors need to thoroughly investigate what’s on off er to find the best solution to their needs.

Finding the right model and package is no easy matter, but getting the right match could give years of hassle-free transport, as well as helping to create the right reputation with customers. After all, would you hire someone who turned up in a rusty old banger?

» Rob Shepherd is a freelance journalist specialising in the electrical industry

COMMERCIAL VEHICLES

Route finder The main options for individuals or businesses looking to lease or purchase a company vehicle – other than outright purchase – are as follows:• Contract hire: the most common option, with vehicles leased to companies in return for an initial fee and a fi xed monthly charge. Residual value and maintenance risk remain with the lessor and cars are returned at the end of the hire period;• Finance lease: companies either pay the entire cost of the vehicle, including interest, over an agreed period, or lower monthly rental payments with a fi nal payment based on the anticipated resale value. This allows for a fi xed cost, but the lessee takes on administration and operating risk. Companies can continue to operate the vehicle for a nominal fee at the end of the lease, but at no stage do they own it;• Lease purchase: companies agree to buy the vehicle through a series of monthly instalments, based on the deposit paid, the contract period and the sale price. This allows them to spread the cost of the vehicle, but means they retain ownership and the risk around the residual value of the vehicle;• Contract purchase: companies agree to buy the vehicle through a series of monthly instalments. These include interest charges and usually fees for additional services such as maintenance. There is oft en a fi nal “balloon” payment equivalent to the vehicle’s residual value.Sources: The British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association/Arval

Need to know:

Case study

Out with the old, in with the new

NICEIC Approved Contractor William Dyer Electrical has more than 20 years’ experience designing, maintaining and installing electrical projects for a wide customer base. It recently upgraded its fl eet of vehicles with a view to making longer-term cost savings and ultimately improving on its bottom line.

The desire to adopt a company–wide energy-effi cient strategy led the company to replace its existing fl eet with 14 Citroën Berlingo LX HDI 75 vehicles and a Berlingo Multispace VTR HDI91.

“Our previous vehicles were over fi ve years old and were uneconomical to use and maintain,” says managing director William Dyer. “The Berlingos off er a projected saving of £8,000-£12,000 in the fi rst year alone.”

As part of the deal, the new vehicles come with satellite navigation and trackers as standard, which reduces the company’s insurance premium and helps personnel fi nd site locations quickly and easily.

“In addition to this, the new vehicles have an extra passenger seat, which means fewer vans on large sites, saving on fuel and parking charges,” adds Dyer.

The new fl eet of low-emission vehicles runs on diesel, but Dyer believes the day of the mainstream electric vehicle is not far away. “We embrace all new technologies and look forward to electric commercial vehicles being a viable option,” he says.

The company also believes that this investment sends out a positive message to its customers. “This will set us apart from our competitors by demonstrating that we are a forward-thinking company,” he says.

> William Dyer welcomes his deal with Citroën

136.9P: The average UK price of a litre of unleaded petrol in May 2011



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NIC.06.11.046.indd 46NIC.06.11.046.indd 46 16/6/11 17:16:5016/6/11 17:16:50


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Ask the experts/TechnicalN

From the helpline

We continue with our series of answers to some of the more frequently asked questions put to the NICEIC Technical Helpline.

ANSWER

It is not generally good practice to install thermoplastic insulated and sheathed cables within a cavity wall, because:• the cables might suff er damage while being drawn into the cavity • the cable might ‘bridge’ between the inner and outer leaves of cavity, potentially

allowing a means for water to be carried to the inner leaf• it is not usually possible to provide support for the cable (of particular concern where

long vertical drops exist)• if placed in contact with expanded polystyrene insulation, the thermoplastic sheathing

and insulation of the cables might suff er deterioration • the cables could overheat as a result of retention of heat caused by the presence of

thermal insulation.Addressing the above concerns specifically in relation to the dwarf wall for

the conservatory:• If there is a reasonable degree of access to the cavity from above, the likelihood of

the cables suff ering damage during installation should be low, as the installer can see potential sources of damage, such as mortar protruding between courses, wall ties and the like, and can either remove or avoid potentially damaging obstructions as appropriate.

• Cables can be installed such that they are between the insulation and the inner leaf of the wall throughout the complete length of their run.

• If the horizontal distance between the socket-outlets is suff iciently short, it will not be necessary to provide additional cable supports. Where the distance between socket-outlets is such that additional cable supports are needed, the cables could be installed relatively high within the cavity and be fixed by cable clips.

• Except for expanded polystyrene, most commonly employed materials used in the manufacture of thermal insulation do not have a detrimental eff ect on thermoplastic cable sheathing. Where the thermal insulation is not made from polystyrene, it can usually be assumed that it will not cause the cables to degrade prematurely. However, in cases of doubt, the advice of the manufacturer should be obtained and followed.

• Placing the insulated and sheathed cables between the inner leaf and the thermal insulation can be considered to be installation method 102 as described in Table 4A2 in Appendix 4 of BS 7671. This allows the conductors to be appropriately sized, in terms of their corrected current-carrying capacity, based on Table 4D5 of Appendix 4.So, although cables should not generally be installed in the cavity of a brick or

blockwork wall, they may be installed in the cavity of a dwarf wall of a conservatory provided all the risks of so doing are fully addressed.

QUESTION

1 I have been asked to carry out

the electrical installation for a

conservatory attached to a house.

The conservatory has a dwarf

insulated cavity wall 650 mm high.

Access to the cavity from above will

be possible until the sills are fi tted.

Can I install the thermoplastic (PVC)

insulated and sheathed wiring

for the socket-outlets on this wall

inside the cavity?

47_48_askexperts.2.vb.indd 4747_48_askexperts.2.vb.indd 47 14/6/11 15:17:2114/6/11 15:17:21


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ANSWER

Ideally an installation should be subdivided into load centres, where necessary, with distribution boards supplied by distribution circuits (sub-mains) located throughout the building such that no final circuit is excessively long.

Where this is not the case, it will usually be possible to treat the part of the circuit between the distribution board and the first accessory in a similar way to a distribution circuit, by increasing the cable size in that part of the circuit to reduce the voltage drop. This may require the installation of a suitably rated joint box before the first accessory, beyond which the conductor size may be reduced for the remainder of the circuit.

If there are a number of final circuits likely to have voltage drop problems, it would be worth considering the installation of a distribution circuit to supply a distribution board located close to that part of the installation served by those final circuits.

ANSWER

Yes. It is permitted to vary conductor cross-sectional area, or indeed the type of wiring system, within the length of a circuit, provided all conductors, including those having the smallest cross-sectional area or which are so installed that their eff ective current-carrying capacity has been reduced, are adequately protected against overcurrent. The following are examples of situations that might warrant the use of diff erent conductor cross-sectional areas within a circuit:• To overcome the eff ects of voltage drop (see Question 2 above).• Where wiring is partially or fully surrounded by thermal insulation for part of the

circuit length, such as in a loft space. The issue of current-carrying capacity for cables installed in thermal insulation is covered in Regulation 523.7 (or Regulation 523.9 of BS 7671: 2008 incorporating Amendment 1).

• Where the wiring in part of the length of a circuit is exposed to a higher temperature than in other parts, such as for the final connection to an immersion heater.

• For convenience, as might be the case where the majority of a domestic lighting circuit has been wired using 1.5 mm² conductors but where the switch drops between two-way switches have been wired using 1 mm² in order to minimise the overall cable size so that it can be easily concealed within the fabric of the building.

ANSWER

No. It would be unacceptable to reduce the conductor cross-sectional area by removing strands, which is contrary to the requirements of Regulation 526.1, regarding durable electrical continuity and mechanical strength of electrical connections, and Regulation 526.2, regarding selection of suitable means of connection.A number of solutions are available to allow for the satisfactory termination of the larger conductors sometimes employed in a lighting circuit. For example:• Some manufacturers off er ceiling roses and other accessories with terminals

that can accommodate larger conductors, including in some cases up to two 4 mm² conductors.

• The lighting scheme may be arranged around a number of wiring centres or marshalling boxes – again available from a number of manufacturers, such that it is unnecessary to have more than one cable being terminated at each ceiling rose or lampholder.It should be noted that, with certain exceptions, Regulation 526.3 requires every

joint and connection to be readily accessible for inspection, testing and maintenance.

QUESTION

2 I’m carrying out an installation in a

building where the length of the fi nal

circuits makes it necessary to use

cables of larger cross-sectional area

than is needed for current-carrying

capacity reasons, due to voltage drop

considerations. I’m sure this will

cause me problems with terminating

the conductors at accessories. How

can this situation be addressed?

QUESTION

3 Is it permitted to vary the size of

the conductor in a circuit to suit

varying conditions along the route?

QUESTION

4 I’m trying, without much success,

to terminate two 2.5 mm² stranded

conductors into the same terminal

of a ceiling rose. Can I cut out

some of the strands to reduce the

conductor cross-sectional area?

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50 Differences between extra-low voltage systems

52 Hybrid ring/radial final circuits

54 The Electrical Installation Condition Report

60 RCD testing for a lighting circuit with no circuit protective conductor

62 snags and solutions: A practical guide to everyday electrical problems

SELV

A SELV system is an extra-low voltage system electrically separated from Earth and from other systems. To this end the live parts of a SELV system must have:• basic insulation between live parts and other SELV or PELV circuits,• basic insulation between live parts and Earth, and• protective separation from live parts of any other

systems by means of double or reinforced insulation, or basic insulation and protective screening for the highest voltage present.

(Regulation 414.4.1 refers).The conductors of each SELV circuit must be

separated from the insulated conductors of other circuits by one of four arrangements listed in Regulation 414.4.2, such as physical separation or the enclosure of SELV circuit insulated conductors in a non-metallic sheath or non-metallic enclosure.

It will be seen from Fig 1 that no exposed-conductive-part of the SELV system is connected to Earth or to an exposed-conductive-part of another system or to a protective conductor of any system. (Regulation 414.4.4 refers).

Also, as required by Regulation 414.3, the step-down transformer in Fig 1 is of the safety isolating type, which gives protective separation (equivalent to double or reinforced insulation) between the primary and secondary windings.

PELV

A PELV system meets all the requirements for a SELV system except those relating to electrical separation from Earth.

In the example of a PELV system in Fig 2, both a live conductor of the PELV circuit and an exposed-conductive-part (the metal case) of the ELV current-using equipment are earthed by being connected to the earthed protective conductor of the circuit supplying the transformer primary, as permitted by Regulation 414.4.1.

Requirements for SELV and PELV

SELV and PELV are recognised by BS 7671 as protective measures giving both basic protection and fault protection against electric shock.

A SELV or PELV system must be supplied from a safety isolating transformer or a source providing equivalent safety (such as a motor generator set with suitable isolation from the higher voltage circuit), or a battery or other source independent of the higher voltage circuit, or an electronic device meeting specifi ed requirements. Regulation 414.3 gives the requirements for these sources.

Diff erences between extra-low voltage systems BS 7671 recognises three types of extra-low voltage (ELV) system: SELV (Separated Extra-Low Voltage), PELV (Protective Extra-Low Voltage) and FELV (Functional Extra-Low Voltage). This article looks at the diff erences between SELV, PELV and FELV and at the main requirements of BS 7671 where each of them is used.Extra-low voltage is defined in Part 2 of BS 7671 as a nominal voltage not exceeding 50 V a.c. rms or 120 V ripple-free d.c., whether between conductors or to Earth.

Exposed-conductive-part

SELV system

An exposed-conductive-part of a SELV system must not be connected to:

• Earth,

• an exposed-conductive-part of another system,

• a protective conductor of any system.

Exposed-conductive-part of a SELV system not to be connected

to any other conductive parts

Overcurrent protectivedevice

fety isolatingansformer

Fig 1 Example of a SELV circuit supplied by a safety isolating transformer

50_63_technical.2.vb.indd 5050_63_technical.2.vb.indd 50 14/6/11 15:19:2514/6/11 15:19:25


Any mobile source for a SELV or PELV system that is supplied at low voltage, such as a portable safety isolating transformer for a handlamp, must be selected and erected to meet the requirements for protection by the use of double or reinforced insulation in accordance with Section 412 (Regulation 414.3 refers). This is intended to give extra protection against the eff ects of possible damage to the equipment when being moved about.

A socket-outlet or luminaire supporting coupler in a SELV or PELV system must not have a protective conductor contact and must be suitable only for use with a plug that is dimensionally incompatible with those used for other systems at the same premises (Regulation 414.4.3 refers).

FELV

Unlike in a SELV or PELV system, the extra-low voltage in a FELV system is used for functional purposes only; it is not relied upon to contribute to protection against electric shock.

A FELV system (see Fig 3) is part of the protective measure of Automatic Disconnection of Supply (ADS), covered by Section 411 of BS 7671.

The source of supply for the FELV system must be either a double-wound transformer that provides at least simple separation, or a source that meets the requirements of Regulation 414.3 for a SELV or PELV system (Regulation 411.7.4 refers). It is not permitted to use an autotransformer as the source (although this was permitted by the 16th Edition and earlier of the Wiring Regulations).

Basic protection against electric shock in the FELV system is provided by basic insulation rated to suit the nominal voltage of the primary circuit (generally by the use of mains voltage grade wiring) or by barriers and enclosures (Regulation 411.7.2 refers).

Fault protection is provided by connecting the exposed-conductive-parts of the FELV system to the earthed protective conductor of the primary of the source, the circuit supplying the primary being subject to protection by Automatic Disconnection of Supply (Regulation 411.7.3 refers). A live conductor of the FELV system may also be connected to the protective conductor of the primary of the source.

Socket-outlets and luminaire supporting couplers in a FELV system must have a protective conductor contact and must use a plug that is not dimensionally compatible with those used in any other system at the same premises (Regulation 411.7.5 refers).

An example of where a FELV system might be used is a motor control circuit.

Fig 2 Example of a PELV circuit supplied by a safety isolating transformer

FELV current-using equipment

FELV circuit

Double-wound transfer

FELV circuit connected to Earth

Protective device

Protective device

L V source

FELV live part may be connected to cpc of primary source

Fig 3 Example of a FELV circuit supplied by a double-wound transformer



Fully charged


This question can arise where, for example, the contractor wishes to make use of a redundant radial circuit cable previously installed for another purpose (such as a cooker circuit) to supply a ring fi nal circuit,

or where a Periodic Inspection of an existing installation reveals such an arrangement.

The same question may also arise where the contractor wishes to control a ring fi nal circuit by means of a switch for functional purposes, or possibly by means of a contactor, controlled by an emergency stop push button (such as in a teaching situation), the supply being brought to the switch or contactor via a dedicated radial circuit cable.

The answer is that it is permissible to form a hybrid ring/radial circuit, even though BS 7671 defi nes a ring fi nal circuit as ‘A fi nal circuit arranged in the form of a ring and connected to a single point of supply’. For such a hybrid

Hybrid ring/radial final circuits NICEIC is sometimes asked whether a ring final circuit has to be supplied directly from a protective device in the distribution board or consumer unit, or whether it is permitted to supply the two ends of the ring via a dedicated radial circuit cable, as shown in Fig. 1, thereby forming a hybrid ring/radial circuit.

Consumer unit

Junction box (or possibly double-pole switchor contactor) rated at 30/32 A min

Ring final circuit

Radial circuit cable(installed rating 30/32 A min)

Ring circuit cable(installed rating 20 A min)

Cable connected to 30/32 Aovercurrent protective devicein consumer unit

LOUT

NOUT

Fig 1 Typical ring final circuit supplied via a radial circuit cable, forming a hybrid ring/radial circuit



Voltage drop

Account must be taken of the voltage drops in both the radial and ring parts of the circuit. These voltage drops added together make up the total voltage drop in the circuit.

This may mean, for example, that the maximum allowable length of the ring part of the circuit will be less than that for a ring fi nal circuit connected directly to the distribution board.

Protective conductor in the ring part of the circuit

Except where the circuit protective conductor in the ring part of the circuit is formed by a metal covering (such as a metallic cable sheath) or enclosure (such as metal conduit) containing all the conductors of the ring, the protective conductor must be run in the form of a ring, as required by Regulation 543.2.9. Both ends of the protective conductor ring must be connected to the earthing terminal at the origin of the ring (that is, the junction box, switch or contactor in Fig 1).

Earthing for equipment having high protective conductor currents

If the circuit is intended to supply one or more items of equipment where it is known or reasonably to be expected that the total protective conductor current is likely to exceed 10 mA, the circuit will require a high integrity protective conductor connection in accordance with Regulation Group 543.7.

In the radial part of the circuit this will necessitate the use of a 10 mm2 circuit protective conductor in accordance with Regulation 543.7.1.3(i), or one of the three arrangements (a), (b) and (c) listed in Regulation 543.7.2.1 (ii), for example.

In the ring part of the circuit, the requirement for a high integrity protective conductor connection will be met automatically provided the circuit protective conductive in that part is run in the form of a ring (Regulation 543.7.2.1(i) refers), as referred in the previous item of this article.

Use of a standard circuit might be easier

It will be appreciated from this article that the use of a hybrid ring/radial circuit arrangement can involve signifi cant design eff ort.

As an alternative, for household and similar installations, installers should consider the use of the standard ring or radial socket-outlet circuit arrangements shown in Appendix 15 of BS 7671, for which tables of maximum cable length are given in the NICEIC Domestic Electrical Installation Guide.

circuit, the ‘single point of supply’ is the point at which the two ends of the ring part of the circuit are connected to the radial part (that is, at the joint box, switch or contactor in the example in Fig 1).

A hybrid ring/radial fi nal circuit must be arranged to meet all the relevant requirements of BS 7671, the main ones of which are summarised below.

Protection against electric shock

As for any other fi nal circuit, the requirements of Chapter 41 for electric shock protection have to be met, including those of Section 411 for earth fault loop impedance (Z

s) and, where applicable, RCD additional

protection of the socket-outlets (IΔn

≤ 30 mA) in accordance with Regulation 411.3.3.

Also, if any part of the circuit cable is concealed in a wall or partition, it must be provided with additional protection by an RCD (I

Δn ≤ 30 mA) where required by

Regulations 522.6.7 or 522.6.8 (numbers changed to 522.6.102 and 522.6.103, respectively, by Amendment 1 (2011) to BS 7671: 2008).

Cable sizing with regard to normal load and overload

The current-carrying capacity (Iz) of the cable in the

radial part of the circuit must be not less than 30 A or 32 A, to match the circuit overcurrent protective device rating (I

n) of 30 A or 32 A. Where the protective device

is a semi-enclosed (rewireable) fuse, Iz must be not

less than In

divided by 0.725. Regulation 433.1.3 refers (number changed to 433.1.101 by Amendment 1 (2011) to BS 7671: 2008).

The ring part of the circuit must meet the same overload protection requirements as for any other ring fi nal circuit. The usual way to comply with these requirements is to comply with Regulation 433.1.5 (number changed to 433.1.103 by Amendment 1 (2011) to BS 7671: 2008).

Despite the non-conventional form of a hybrid ring/radial circuit, the total load current (I

b) to be supplied

by the circuit, making due allowance for any diversity, must still be no greater than the 30 A or 32 A rating of the circuit protective device. Thus, for example, the fl oor area served by the circuit should be no greater than would be the case if an ordinary ring fi nal circuit having the same protective device rating was installed instead of the hybrid circuit.

Accessibility of connections

As is required for all electrical connections, the connections between the radial and ring parts of the circuit (in the junction box, switch or contactor in Fig 1) must be arranged to be accessible throughout the life of the installation for inspection, testing and maintenance. The only exception is where a connection method excused from this requirement by Regulation 526.3 is used.



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This article discusses the reasoning behind the changes to the model forms and how these changes will aff ect both the persons compiling Electrical Installation Condition Reports and the

customers who receive them.

Background

About two and a half years ago, a working group was set up by JPEL/64, the UK national committee responsible for the technical content of BS 7671, to look into improving the model Periodic Inspection Report form and associated schedules of inspection and testing given in Appendix 6 of BS 7671. This was seen by all concerned as part of a greater overall strategy to improve the current, extremely variable (in terms of quality and consistency) standard of periodic inspection reporting.

Other parts of the strategy, which will be implemented in due course by the electrical installation industry and associated bodies, will include the provision of guidance materials and training packages. These measures are seen as necessary because persons carrying out periodic inspection reporting need to have a higher level of knowledge and experience than is needed for those carrying out electrical installation work or the initial verifi cation of such work.

The changes

The signifi cant changes to the model forms used for periodic inspection and testing are mentioned below.

The name of the report form

An early decision was to change the name of the model report form to more accurately refl ect its purpose, which is to determine, so far as is reasonably practicable, whether the installation is in a satisfactory condition for continued service (Regulation 621.1 refers). It was also thought that changing the name to Electrical Installation Condition Report would communicate the purpose of the report more clearly to the majority of recipients of such reports, who are generally not conversant with the requirements of BS 7671.

The fi rst two pages

The fi rst two pages of the current 17th Edition Periodic Inspection Report provide a summary of factors pertinent to the installation being inspected and to the inspection process.

The Electrical Installation Condition Report Amendment 1 to BS 7671: 2008 (IET Wiring Regulations 17th Edition), released in July, includes a number of changes to the model forms that are used for periodic inspection reporting, which are contained in Appendix 6. Not the least of the changes is that the Periodic Inspection Report form has been given the new name of ‘Electrical Installation Condition Report’. Another significant change is that the model Schedule of Inspections is designated as being for use only for domestic and similar installations with a supply rating of 100 A or less.

Fig 1 On page 1

SECTION A. DETAILS OF THE CLIENT / PERSON ORDERING THE REPORTName ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................Address ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

SECTION B. REASON FOR PRODUCING THIS REPORT .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Date(s) on which inspection and testing was carried out ...........................................................................................................................................SECTION C. DETAILS OF THE INSTALLATION WHICH IS THE SUBJECT OF THIS REPORT Occupier .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................Address ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Description of premises (tick as appropriate)Domestic Commercial Industrial Other (include brief description) ...................................................................................................Estimated age of wiring system ……………..yearsEvidence of additions / alterations Yes No Not apparent If yes, estimate age …………….yearsInstallation records available? (Reg 621.1) Yes No Date of last inspection …………………………. (date)SECTION D. EXTENT AND LIMITATIONS OF INSPECTION AND TESTINGExtent of the electrical installation covered by this report..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Agreed limitations including the reasons (see Regulation 634.2) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Agreed with: ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................Operational limitations including the reasons (see page no..............) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................The inspection and testing detailed in this report and accompanying schedules have been carried out in accordance with BS 7671: 2008 (IET Wiring Regulations) as amended to …………………………………..It should be noted that cables concealed within trunking and conduits, under floors, in roof spaces, and generally within the fabric of the building or underground, have not been inspected unless specifically agreed between the client and inspector prior to the inspection.SECTION E. SUMMARY OF THE CONDITION OF THE INSTALLATIONGeneral condition of the installation (in terms of electrical safety) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overall assessment of the installation in terms of its suitability for continued use

SATISFACTORY / UNSATISFACTORY* (Delete as appropriate)*An unsatisfactory assessment indicates that dangerous (Code C1) and/or potentially dangerous (Code C2) conditions have been identified.SECTION F. RECOMMENDATIONSWhere the overall assessment of the suitability of the installation for continued use above is stated as UNSATISFACTORY, I / we recommend that any observations classified as ‘Danger present’ (Code C1) or ‘Potentially dangerous’ (Code C2) are acted upon as a matter of urgency. Investigation without delay is recommended for observations identified as ‘Requiring further investigation’.Observations classified as ‘Improvement recommended’ (Code C3) should be given due consideration.

Subject to the necessary remedial action being taken, I / we recommend that the installation is further inspected and tested by …………..…(date)SECTION G. DECLARATIONI/We, being the person(s) responsible for the inspection and testing of the electrical installation (as indicated by my/our signatures below), particulars of which are described above, having exercised reasonable skill and care when carrying out the inspection and testing, hereby declare that the information in this report, including the observations and the attached schedules, provides an accurate assessment of the condition of the electrical installation taking into account the stated extent and limitations in section D of this report.Inspected and tested by:Name (Capitals) ...............................................................................Signature ..........................................................................................For/on behalf of ................................................................................Position ............................................................................................Address ............................................................................................Date ..................................................................................................

Report authorised for issue by:Name (Capitals) ...............................................................................Signature .........................................................................................For/on behalf of ................................................................................Position ............................................................................................Address ............................................................................................Date .................................................................................................

SECTION H. SCHEDULE(S)…………schedule(s) of inspection and ……...schedule(s) of test results are attached.The attached schedule(s) are part of this document and this report is valid only when they are attached to it.



Page 1 contains details of the client, the installation, the extent of the installation covered by the report, and the limitations placed on the inspection. The same page also contains the inspector’s recommendation as to when the installation should next be subjected to a periodic inspection, and the details and signature of the person who carried out the inspection and the person who authorised the report for issue.

Page 2 contains details relating to the electricity supply and earthing arrangements for the installation, and information on the bonding and main protective equipment within the installation. The same page also contains a summary of the inspection, including an overall assessment of whether or not the installation remains satisfactory for continued, safe use, and details of the schedules of inspection and testing attached as part of the report.

The working group of JPEL/64 concluded that the above two pages were generally suitable for purpose and that the requirements for completion of these pages by the person compiling the report were relatively self-explanatory.

Nevertheless, a number of changes were introduced to these pages and to other parts of the report, as covered below.

See Fig 1 (left): On page 1� A Details of the client / person ordering the report� B Reason for producing this report � C Details of the installation which is the subject of

this report� D Extent and limitations of inspection and testing� E Summary of the condition of the installation� F Recommendations� G Declaration (in terms of accuracy of the assessment

of condition)� H Schedule(s) (attached to report)

As can be seen from the above description, the overall summary of the inspection, and the recommendations of the person carrying out the inspection, have now been moved to Page 1. Putting such key information on the front page was seen as being benefi cial to the person receiving the report.

See Fig 2 (right): On page 2� I Supply characteristics and earthing arrangements� J Particulars of installation referred to in this report

(including: � Main protective conductors, and � Main switch / switch-fuse / circuit-breaker / RCD)

� K Observations

In recognition of the ever increasing presence of more than one source of supply to (or within) an installation, an entry is now required in Section I, on page 2 of the report form, regarding any sources of supply additional to the main supply, such as generators. The details of such sources are required to be provided in a separate schedule included as part of the overall report.

Fig 2 On page 2

SECTION I. SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS AND EARTHING ARRANGEMENTSEarthing

ArrangementsNumber and Type of Live

ConductorsNature of Supply Parameters Supply Protective Device

TN-CTN-STT-C-STTIT

a.c. d.c. 1-phase, 2-wire 2-wire2 phase, 3-wire 3-wire3 phase, 3-wire3 phase, 4-wire

Nominal voltage, U / U0.(1) .........................VNominal frequency, f.(1) .............................HzProspective fault current, Ipf(2) ...................kAExternal loop impedance Ze(2) .............................

Note: (1) by enquiry(2) by enquiry or by measurement

BS (EN) .............................Type ...................................

Rated current ..................... A

Confirmation of supply polarity

Other sources of supply (as detailed on attached schedule)SECTION J. PARTICULARS OF INSTALLATION REFERRED TO IN THIS REPORTMeans of EarthingDistributor’s facilityInstallation earth electrode

Details of Installation Earth Electrode (Where Applicable)Type ...........................................................................................................................................................................Location ......................................................................................................................................................................Resistance to Earth .................

Main Protective ConductorsEarthing conductor Material …............................ csa ........................mm2 Connection / continuity verified Main protective bonding conductors

Material ……......................... csa ........................mm2 Connection / continuity verified

To incoming water service To incoming gas service To incoming oil service To structural steel To lightning protection To other incoming service(s) Specify ..........................................................................................................Main switch / Switch-fuse / Circuit-breaker / RCDLocation ...........................................................................................................................BS(EN) .......................................................No of poles .................................................

Current rating ..................................... AFuse / device rating or setting ............ AVoltage rating .....................................V

If RCD main switchRated residual operating current (I n) ..................... mARated time delay ..................................................... msMeasured operating time(at I n) ............................. ms

SECTION K. OBSERVATIONSReferring to the attached schedules of inspection and test results, and subject to the limitations specified at the Extent and Limitations of the Inspection and testing sectionNo remedial action is required . The following observations are made (see below):OBSERVATION(S) CLASSIFICATION

CODEFURTHER INVESTIGATION REQUIRED (YES / NO)

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...............................One of the following codes, as appropriate, has been allocated to each of the observations made above to indicate to the person(s) responsible for the installation the degree of urgency for remedial action.C1 – Danger present. Risk of injury. Immediate remedial action required C2 – Potentially dangerous - urgent remedial action requiredC3 – Improvement recommended



OUTCOMESAcceptable condition

Unacceptable condition

State C1,or C2,

Improvement recommended

State C3 Not verified NV Limitation Lim Not applicable N/A

ITEM NO

DESCRIPTION

OUTCOME(Use codes above. Provide additional

comment where appropriate.C1/C2 and C3 coded items to be recorded

in section K of the Condition Report)

Further investigation

required?(Y or N)

1.0 DISTRIBUTOR’S / SUPPLY INTAKE EQUIPMENT 1.1 Service cable condition1.2 Condition of service head1.3 Condition of tails - Distributor1.4 Condition of tails - Consumer1.5 Condition of metering equipment 1.6 Condition of isolator (where present)

2.0 PRESENCE OF ADEQUATE ARRANGEMENTS FOR - OTHER SOURCES SUCH AS MICROGENERATORS (551.6; 551.7)

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Such details are essential to permit the eff ectiveness of the protective measures of the installation to be confi rmed for the various arrangements of supply sources. For example, the circuits of an installation must be able to meet the appropriate disconnection times required by Chapter 41 regardless of which of the possible sources (including sources acting separately or in parallel) they are connected to at any particular time.

An entry is also now required in Section J, on page 2, regarding the verifi cation of connection and continuity of the main protective conductors of the installation.

A new report coding system

Also on Page 2 of the report form, Section K is concerned with the observations of the person carrying out the inspection and testing. Section K diff ers from the corresponding section of the current 17th Edition Periodic Inspection Report form in a number of ways. Although the person carrying out the inspection and testing still records observations, the system of codes associated with the observations has been changed signifi cantly. Under the old system, an observation was identifi ed as being:

� Code 1 – Requires urgent attention, or� Code 2 – Requires improvement, or� Code 3 – Requires further investigation, or� Code 4 – Does not comply with current

edition of BS 7671

Amendment 1 will see the introduction of the following classifi cation codes:

� C1 – Danger present – Risk of injury. Immediate remedial action required

� C2 – Potentially dangerous – Urgent remedial action required

� C3 – Improvement recommended

If any observation warrants a Code C1 or C2, an overall assessment of ‘unsatisfactory’ should be made for the installation by the person preparing the report.

Looking at Regulation 634.2, it can be seen that it is not necessary to record a non-compliance with the requirements of the regulations unless it may give rise to danger or potential danger. As a result, the Code 4 from the old coding system has been discontinued.

Fig 3 Extract from the Schedule of Inspections



It was recognised, however, that the person producing the report may need to recommend that further investigation should be carried out in relation to an observation. This would generally be because the inspection had revealed a potential defi ciency that might reasonably be thought to indicate danger or potential danger but which could not be fully identifi ed due to the agreed extent or limitations of the inspection. As a result, a column has been included in the model report form to allow a recommendation for further investigation to be shown against any observation noted in the report.

The Electrical Safety Council is currently revising its Best Practice Guide 4 Periodic inspection reporting to provide guidance on reporting on the condition of an electrical installation and the application of the new classifi cation code system.

The Schedule of Inspections

It was accepted in the working group that the current Schedule of Inspections contained in BS 7671: 2008 was suitable enough to use when commenting on a new installation, but less so for commenting and reporting on an existing installation.

Part of the problem stemmed from this schedule having originally been devised for use with the Electrical Installation Certifi cate, where the person(s) fi lling in the schedule would be expected to be in a position to obtain all of the necessary information, such as the particular protective measures employed and details of the installed equipment. This, however, is frequently not the case for a periodic inspection.

As a result, the working group decided to adopt what they perceived as a logical ‘checklist’ sequence that could be followed when carrying out an inspection of an electrical installation. It was also considered that the list would provide a useful aide memoire to ensure that important aspects of an installation are not overlooked when an inspection is being carried out.

It was decided to limit the use of the model Schedule of Inspections so that it would apply only to domestic and similar installations having a supply capacity not exceeding 100 A. This is refl ected in the title of the schedule as it appears in Appendix 6. However, a note beneath the title points out that the schedule is suitable for many types of smaller installation, not exclusively domestic.

For larger, more complex installations, the working group decided to include not a model Schedule of Inspections but a detailed list of examples of items that should be considered when carrying out a periodic inspection. This list is given at the end of Appendix 6.

The model Schedule of Inspections, which as just mentioned is for use on domestic and similar installations only, contains sections for:

� Distributor’s / supply intake equipment� Presence of adequate arrangements for other sources

such as microgenerators� Earthing / bonding arrangements� Consumer units / distribution boards� Final circuits� Locations containing a bath or shower� Other special installations or locations

To assist the person carrying out the inspection to focus on the relevant requirement(s) of BS 7671, the model Schedule of Inspections gives the regulation number(s) relating to each inspection item of the schedule.See Fig 3 (left): Extract from the Schedule of Inspections

Given that the vast majority of domestic and similar installations employ the protective measure of Automatic Disconnection of Supply (ADS), it was decided to give this measure prominence in the model Schedule of Inspections.

The person carrying out the inspection is prompted to look into a number of aspects relating to the:

� earthing and bonding arrangements for the installation� consumer unit(s) or distribution board(s) and the

switching and protective devices, including the presence of required warning notices and labelling

� fi nal circuit arrangements and methods of installation� the installation arrangements within a location

containing a bath or shower.

No space has been allocated in the schedule for types of special installation or location other than a location containing a bath or shower. Where any of these are encountered, it is for the person carrying out the inspection to produce a suitable report or schedule in order to describe any pertinent details to the person who ordered the inspection.

Aft er much discussion it was agreed that the arrangement of the form should be such that it encouraged the person carrying out the inspection to start by looking at the general condition of the equipment owned by the distributor and/or meter operator, located on the premises. The intention here is to allow comments to be made where clear risks exist from, for example, instances of damage making access to live parts possible or where obvious signs of signifi cant overheating on (say) cables or equipment can be seen. Where such problems are observed, the person carrying out the inspection should note these on the report and recommend that the person ordering the inspection contacts the relevant organisation regarding the observed defi ciencies.



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The Schedule of Test Results

The schedule of test results contained in BS 7671: 2008 was considered, for the most part, to be suitable for purpose. However, a point that needed to be addressed was that the schedule did not recognise the requirement of Regulation 612.12 to confi rm that the phase sequence has been maintained in a multi-phase installation. A further point was that the schedule did not include a facility to record the results obtained during the various stages of ring fi nal circuit conductor continuity testing. This latter defi ciency has been remedied by the inclusion of columns for the end-to-end resistances of the line, neutral and circuit protective conductors, (r

1), (r

n) and (r

2)

respectively.

Columns have also been provided for recording the fi ve times the rated residual operating current (5 I

Δn) test

result for RCDs installed to provide additional protection and the outcome of the operation of the RCD’s integral test button.See Fig 4 (above): Schedule of Test Results

NICEIC Electrical Installation Condition Reports

Work is currently underway by NICEIC to produce its own separate forms of generic Electrical Installation Condition Report and Domestic Electrical Installation Condition Report. These will be for use by NICEIC Approved Contractors and Registered Domestic Installers as permitted within their terms of enrolment. An NICEIC Schedule of Inspections and Schedule of Test results will also be available for use with each of these condition report forms.

Fig 4 Schedule of Test Results

DB reference no ...........................................................Location ........................................................................Zs at DB ( ) .................................................................Ipf at DB (kA) .................................................................Correct supply polarity confirmed Phase sequence confirmed (where appropriate)

Details of circuits and/or installed equipment vulnerable to damage when testing ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Details of test instruments used (state serial and/or asset numbers)Continuity .............................................................................................................Insulation resistance ............................................................................................Earth fault loop impedance ..................................................................................RCD ......................................................................................................................Earth electrode resistance ...................................................................................

Tested by:Name (Capitals).................................................................Signature............................ Date ......................................

Circuit details Test results

Overcurrent deviceConductor

details

Ring final circuit

continuity ( )

Continuity( )

(R1 + R2) or R2

Insulation Resistance

(M ) Pola

rity

Zs

( )RCD

Remarks (continue on a separate sheet if

necessary)(ms)

Circ

uit n

umbe

r

Circuit Description

BS (E

N)

type

Rat

ing

(A)

Brea

king

ca

paci

ty(k

A)R

efer

ence

M

etho

d

Live

(mm

2 )

cpc

(mm

2 )

r 1(li

ne)

r n(n

eutra

l)

r 2(c

pc)

(R1

+ R

2)*

R2

Live

-Liv

e

Live

-E

@ I

n

@ 5

In

Test

but

ton

oper

atio

n

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

* Where there are no spurs connected to a ring final circuit this value is also the (R1 + R2) of the circuit.


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The 13th Edition, and earlier, of the IEE Wiring Regulations did not require a circuit protective conductor (cpc) to be run to each point and accessory of a fi nal circuit, as is the current requirement in the fi nal

paragraph of Regulation 411.3.1.1 of BS 7671. It is therefore not uncommon to fi nd lighting circuits that do not have a cpc during periodic inspection or where additions or alterations are required in homes built and wired to those earlier regulations.

This article looks at how to verify the operation of an RCD protecting a lighting circuit with no cpc. This may be necessary where, for example, the consumer unit has been replaced in accordance with the guidance given in Best Practice Guide No 1 – Replacing a consumer unit in domestic premises where lighting circuits have no protective conductor (published by The Electrical Safety Council and available as a free download from www.esc.org.uk).

Two cases are considered in this article:� where the RCD protects only lighting circuits having

no cpc, and� where the RCD protects not only lighting circuits

having no cpc but also one or more circuits that do have a cpc.

Requirement to test an RCD

Each RCD installed should be tested to confi rm that the relevant requirements of BS 7671 have been met. The procedure comprises two parts, namely:

� simulating an appropriate condition using an RCD test instrument (Regulation 612.8.1 and 612.10 refer), and

� testing the operation of the device by means of its integral test button (Regulation 612.13.1 refers).

Where to connect the RCD test instrument

The objective of the procedure referred to above is to test the eff ectiveness of the RCD itself, rather than the circuit or the earthing arrangements, which are tested by other means. Therefore, the RCD test instrument may be connected at any convenient point or accessory in a circuit supplied through the RCD, or at the load terminals of the RCD itself.

Where an RCD protects only lighting circuits that have no cpc, the RCD test instrument should be connected at the load terminals of the RCD. This method is shown in Fig 1, in which the RCD is shown housed in the consumer unit.

RCD testing for a lighting circuit with no circuit protective conductor A question sometimes put to NICEIC is how to verify the operation of an RCD protecting a lighting circuit that has no protective conductor.

Fig 1 Example of testing an RCD where the RCD protects only lighting circuits having no cpc

Lightswitch

Lighting point

P-E

P-N

72 ms



P-E P-N

72 ms

Where an RCD protects lighting circuits having no cpc and also one or more circuits that do have a cpc, the test instrument may be connected at a point or accessory in one of the circuits that has a cpc.

An example of this is shown in Fig 2, in which the test instrument is connected to a socket-outlet that has an earthing contact connected to the cpc, the circuit being protected by the RCD. Connecting the instrument at a point or accessory has the advantage of avoiding having to work inside the consumer unit while it is live.

Further information on RCD testing

Further information relating to testing of RCDs, such as information on safe working practices, values of test current that should be used and acceptable test results, can be found in the NICEIC book Inspection, testing and certifi cation.

Information on safe isolation procedures can be found in Best Practice Guide No 2 – Guidance on the management of electrical safety and safe isolation of low voltage installations (published by The Electrical Safety Council and available as a free download from www.esc.org.uk).

Fig 2 Example of testing an RCD that protects not only a lighting circuit having no cpc but also a socket-outlet circuit

Meet the helpline

If you have ever telephoned our technical helpline you may wonder who the voices are on the other end of the line.Well, meet the technical helpline team: all industry professionals with vast experience in the electrical industry and some interests outside of the day job too!

Justin Maltby-Smith, NICEIC senior operations engineerIndustry experience: Ran his own electrical company, lecturer, consultant/project managerInterests: Kung-Fu and kickboxing, black-belt instructor

Alan Turvey, NICEIC operations engineerIndustry experience: Electrician, carrying out industrial, commercial, quarry and domestic installations, lecturer and deputy head of construction with further education collegeInterests: Walking, bonsai cultivation and restoration of classic bicycles

Stuart McHugh, senior technical helpline engineerIndustry experience: More than 41 years in the electrical industry, including a six-year apprenticeship, industrial commercial domestic and street-lighting workInterests: Vintage aircraft , motoring (owns an MGBGT sports car)

Clinton Thompson, NICEIC operations engineerIndustry experience: Electrician (domestic and industrial), electrical engineer (food industry, high-volume production and heavy press industry), college tutor, training centre tutorInterests: Classic cars and bikes (owns a Royal Enfi eld Bullet), music (plays guitar in a small group)

John O’Neill, NICEIC operations engineerIndustry experience: Owned and operated a large electrical systems integrator, electrical consultant, lecturer in electrical installations and NVQ assessor, experienced in a wide range of installation types and market sectors having spent more than 38 years in the electrical industryInterests: Sports, books and travel



Fully charged


Steel conduit systemsMetal conduit systems in older installations are oft en found to have no internal circuit protective conductor (cpc) installed.

Snag 35It is a common misconception that where a metal conduit system does not have an internal cpc, the installation is a potential danger. This has been known to result in the incorrect recommendation code to be recorded on a Periodic Inspection Report on the installation concerned, and the installation being judged to be in unsatisfactory condition.

SolutionWhere no internal cpc is installed in a metal conduit system, the metal conduit system may have been specifi cally selected by the installation designer to serve as the cpc. Regulations 543.2.2 (indent vi) and 543.2.5 permit metal conduit to serve as a protective conductor for the associated circuit(s). However, Regulation 543.2.5 requires such conduit to satisfy the requirements of indents (i) and (ii) of Regulation 543.2.4, for electrical continuity and cross-sectional area (csa). Furthermore, where a metal conduit system does serve as the cpc, its suitability for continued use for the purpose should be checked by inspection and testing, in accordance with Chapter 62 of BS 7671.

Snags & Solutions A practical guide to everyday electrical problems ‘Snags & Solutions’, NICEIC’s problem solving book, is now available in three parts, which cover many commonly-encountered electrical installation problems. All parts take account of the requirements of BS 7671: 2008 (17th Edition of the IEE Wiring Regulations), where appropriate.Part 1 addresses 53 problems relating to earthing and bonding, Part 2 covers 55 problems relating to wiring systems, and Part 3 covers 52 problems relating to inspection and testing.

The books are available from NICEIC Direct.

To give an indication of the value of these books, a snag and solution is being covered in each issue of Connections. This issue addresses a snag from Part 3 – Inspection and Testing, relating to where steel conduit that does not have an internal circuit protective conductor is found during the periodic inspection and testing of an existing installation.

snags and solutionsA PRACTICAL GUIDE TO EVERYDAY ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS

Part 3

COMPLIES WITH

inspection and testing

snags and solutionsA PRACTICAL GUIDE TO EVERYDAY ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS

wiringsystems

Part 2

2nd Edition



The conduit system should, where practicable, be inspected along its length to check for corrosion or loose joints that could impair electrical continuity or reduce the csa to such a degree that the conduit may not safely carry the prospective fault current. Where the conduit system is buried in the building fabric, removal of accessories and cover plates will provide inspection points. Where access to the conduit is diffi cult, further indication of the likely condition of the conduit system could be provided by considering the building construction, the environment and checking any exposed structural steel for corrosion.

Following inspection, the conduit should be tested for electrical continuity throughout its length. In addition to the tests for continuity, the earth fault loop impedance of the circuits reliant on the conduit as their protective conductor should be measured to determine whether they meet the requirements of BS 7671 for fault protection.

Regulation 543.2.2 (part of)

A protective conductor may consist of one or more of the following:(vi) A metal conduit, metallic cable management system

or other enclosure or electrically continuous support system for conductors.

Regulation 543.2.4 (part of)

Where a metal enclosure or frame of a low voltage switchgear or controlgear assembly or busbar trunking system is used as a protective conductor, it shall satisfy the following three requirements:(i) Its electrical continuity shall be assured, either by

construction or by suitable connection, in such a way as to be protected against mechanical, chemical or electrochemical deterioration

(ii) Its cross-sectional area shall be at least equal to that resulting from the application of Regulation 543.1, or verifi ed by test in accordance with BS EN 60439-1

Regulation 543.2.5

The metal covering including the sheath (bare or insulated) of a cable, in particular the sheath of a mineral insulated cable, trunking and ducting for electrical purposes and metal conduit, may be used as a protective conductor for the associated circuit, if it satisfi es both requirements of items (i) and (ii) of Regulation 543.2.4.

Fig 1 Conduit system testing

Regulation 621.2

Periodic inspection comprising of a detailed examination of the installation shall be carried out without dismantling, or with partial dismantling as required, supplemented by appropriate tests from Chapter 61 to show that the requirements for disconnection times, as set out in Chapter 41 for protective devices, are complied with, to provide for:(i) safety of persons and livestock against the eff ects of

electric shock and burns(ii) protection against damage to property by fi re and heat

arising from an installation defect(iii) confi rmation that the installation is not damaged or

deteriorated so as to impair safety(iv) the identifi cation of installation defects and

departures from the requirements of these Regulations that may give rise to danger.

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Product FocusSeawardThe new Seaward Solar Installation PV100 is the fi rst dedicated multi-function electrical tester for those involved in solar panel installation. The new tester is capable of carrying out all electrical tests required by IEC 62446 on grid connected PV systems and eliminates the need for multiple test instruments for PV panel electrical installation and connection. With the push of a single button the new combination tester carries out the required sequence of electrical tests in a safe and controlled manner, avoiding the risk of contact with exposed live DC conductors.

0191 586 3511 www.seawardsolar.com

AicoFor busy contractors on the move, Aico has launched a new iPhone App – Handyfacts – covering all the key information you need when fi tting fi re, smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) alarms. The new iPhone App is an ideal memory refresher when onsite and is easy to use, with direct links from the contents page to the relevant sections, an email enquiry facility so you can contact Aico directly and a link to Aico’s new website. The Handyfacts App also covers which alarm types to use in diff erent areas of a property, explains siting requirements with clear diagrams and also gives details on wiring and accessories.

www.aico.co.uk

EES DataEES Data produces a full suite of contract management soft ware. All are Windows 7 touch screen-enabled and built on a number of core modules: full professional contract estimating, small works costing and billing, supplier and quotation request, purchase ordering, job cost fi nancial monitoring, application for payment and stock control.

01924 200103 www.ees-data.co.uk

Marshall-Tuff lexThe all-new Cable Management Catalogue from Marshall-Tuffl ex represents the industry’s defi nitive and most user-friendly guide to trunking systems and prefabricated/modular wiring solutions. The 308-page catalogue, which is available in hard copies or as an online e-catalogue, covers all Marshall-Tuffl ex cable management solutions, from the established such as Sterling Profi le to new systems (including Twin165) and its bespoke specialised applications service. Product selection is swift and straightforward, with the catalogue split into colour-coded sections covering each product range.

0843 218 9952 www.newcatalogue.co.uk

Martindale ElectricNow available from Martindale Electric is the new SB13 Safebreak Socket Test Adapter, a “must have” accessory for electricians who carry out electrical installation testing. Eliminating the need to remove the wall socket faceplate, the compact and robust SB13 enables electricians to safely and quickly make tests at wall socket outlets. Providing good connection to the wiring installation using standard 4mm test probes, R2 and R1 and R2 measurements are quickly identifi ed, saving electricians valuable time and money. Suitable for use with any meter having industry standard 4mm plugs, the SB13 from Martindale Electric speeds up periodic 17th edition testing and Part P testing of electrical installations.

01923 441717 [email protected]

Senate ElectricalSenate Electrical has launched a new 168-page Buyer’s Guide – its largest yet – designed to provide customers with details of its extensive product ranges and pricing. The newly designed Buyer’s Guide features a fresh modern design, clear product images and a brief key product description. Using colour coding to clearly identify the diff erent sections, which include wiring, cable, lighting, test and inspection, data networking and switchgear and circuit protection, to name but a few, the new Buyer’s Guide is exceptionally easy to use, whether in the offi ce or out on site. It will be produced monthly in both print and as an online fl ip-book, providing customers with an up-to-date price list and the latest industry news, such as changes to regulations, and special off ers and promotions.

www.senate.co.uk

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Static SystemsA new detachable smoke detector for use within secure hospitals and psychiatric units has been launched by fi re alarm specialist Static Systems Group (SSG). Aimed predominantly for use in areas where care of at-risk patients is provided, the unit utilises a standard multi-criteria type detector with a purpose-designed mounting base to provide anti-ligature protection to ensure the safety of occupants. For fl exibility, the new device has been designed with interlocking plates that can be fi xed onto either a standard ceiling-mounted BESA back box or an anti-ligature box for wall mounting.

01902 895551 www.staticsystems.co.uk

EatonEaton’s new integrated PV Switch & Surge Unit has been designed to make the installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems faster and easier and more cost eff ective. These innovative units were developed in conjunction with Solarcentury, the UK’s most experienced solar company. For the fi rst time, the unit provides DC and AC isolators with surge suppression components in a single, easy-to-fi t assembly. To ensure safe operation and allow for convenient maintenance, all solar PV installations must include a DC isolator that can switch the power coming from the PV array.

0161 655 8900 www.eaton.com

Click ScolmoreTwo brand new product directories have been launched by Click Scolmore which, for the fi rst time, sees the product ranges separated into two distinct categories – Wiring Accessories and Lighting. Testimony to the rapid growth of the business and in particular the development of the lighting side of the business, the new “Big Book” Lighting and Wiring Accessories catalogues showcase the company’s entire product off ering and include a number of brand new additions within each of the categories.

01827 63454 www.scolmore.com

Stanley ToolsA worker is nothing without his tools – and with a heavy duty 1200 denier fabric exterior, the Xtreme Open Tote provides the long-lasting durability to keep its contents in top condition. A rigid and waterproof plastic base ensures that a professional’s tools of the trade are safe and secure even on damp, uneven and soiled surfaces. With a stainless steel bar handle and a padded shoulder strap, the Xtreme Open Tote is ideal for the pro on the move. And the tote also comes with Velcro straps, which are ideal for securing a full-size 600mm level. Multiple use tool compartments and a semi-rigid construction also means the tote maintains its shape and allows easy access. With a separate specialist compartment with separate strap, the Xtreme Open Tote also provides secure storage for saws. The FatMax Xtreme Open Tote retails from £54.99.

www.stanleytools.co.uk

ElectricfixElectricfi x has launched its new catalogue that now features an extended range of electrical products. From big brand names to specialist products that are only available at Electricfi x, the catalogue is packed full of the essentials every electrician needs and is available now. The new catalogue includes a range of LAP switches and sockets exclusively available at Electricfi x. The range of conduit and trunking available from Electricfi x has also been extended. Electricfi x off ers low fi xed prices and industry-leading availability. Electricians can access the range from over 100 trade only counters throughout the UK and benefi t from an Express Collection service.

0808 172 7000 www.electricfi x.com

Martindale ElectricIf you’re looking for an entry level PAT tester that’s fast, compact and easy to use, the HandyPAT 500 from Martindale Electric should easily suit your tool box and your pocket. Many electricians today are routinely off ering PAT testing as one of their range of services. Martindale’s HandyPAT 500 is a quality product able to quickly and safely test any electrical appliance and get you swift ly established in the lucrative PAT market. The HandyPAT 500 is designed to perform basic safety checks in accordance with the IEE Code of Practice (3rd Edition) and, being lightweight and compact, is ideal for getting the job done quickly.

01923 441717 [email protected]

For great deals on products and services visit www.niceicdirect.com

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Current affairs

CAUGHT ON CAMERABlast from the pastWhen a car ploughed through the front of Bedford-based retailer Tavistock Sound and Vision it seemed like a freak one-off event.

But it transpired that an almost identical incident had taken place 76 years previously when a driver reversed into the shop, then an electrical business called Gollings and Ayres, which sold light fittings and other electrical goods.

The son of the owner of the 1936 store heard about the recent crash and showed a snap of the old shop to current manager Peter Dimmick.

What’s that they say about things happening in threes?

Special thanks go to Dave Cherriman of Blair Installations in Portslade /// Graham Foster of North Hertfordshire Homes in Letchworth /// Chris Smith of Leicester firm C.D.Smith /// Carl

Ansell from Carl Ansell Maintenance & Electrics in Devon /// Paul O’Connor of Hamcrown in Morden /// Paul Knight of Horley-based Knightlights /// Steve Dalby of Ashfield Electrical Services in Mansfield /// Steve Ennis, contracts manager at Jersey-based Midland Engineering & Contracting /// and Phil Blair of Leicester-based Advanced Electrical Installations.

Don’t forget to send Current Aff airs any pictures that have made you smile

and let us know of any hidden talents or charity initiatives. Email editor@

niceicconnections.com

Fit for nothingWe’re all familiar with the kind of hair-brained ideas that come out of Europe, but the latest idea from across the Channel might leave contractors rather hot under the collar.

EU chiefs have given their backing to a three-year project known as Cycle Logistics, designed to cut levels of urban traffi c by encouraging greater use of bicycles – and have tradespeople fi rmly in their sights.

Presumably it’s perfectly acceptable for contractors to have to make several trips a job and return to their base every time they need something slightly unusual. There’d be no money in it, but it would certainly keep you fi t.

This quarter’s batch of electrical misdemeanours features

(1-4): the rather frazzled culprits behind a lighting failure; a

consumer unit with a 6mm cable at the bottom of the RCD

feeding a shower; electrics hidden in a kitchen behind a

fl ushed-in sound system; and an unconventional wiring

method used in a travel iron put forward for a PAT.

It continues with (5-9) a three-phase main supply, just

yards from a busy London street, left completely uncovered

in a staircase used as a storeroom; a set of light switches that

had been plastered over in a kitchen; an uncovered socket

supplied from an existing immersion heater circuit used to

power a shower; a dubious location for a consumer unit in a

refurbished fl at; and a vending machine cup doubling up as a

replacement live terminal cover perilously close to the metal

lid of a distribution board at a commercial premises.

1

2

3 4

5

6

7

8

9

Keep those shots coming in!

Geo

ff R

ob

inso

n

Pedal powerOxfordshire Approved Contractor GA Electrical raised more than £2,200 for charity by taking part in a gruelling bike ride in May.

Eight people from the business took part in either a 30 or 60-mile course and all managed to complete the distance in less than four hours, with donations split between Against Breast Cancer and local charity CHOKO.

“Everyone had a great day and found the bike ride really enjoyable, despite having very tired legs by the end of it,” said Carl Vink, managing director (pictured third from left).

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Megger Limited Archcliffe Road Dover CT17 9EN UKT +44 (0) 1304 502 101F +44 (0) 1304 207 342E [email protected]

New Megger MFT1700 series, the shape of testing’s future.

Now offering 2-wire non-tripping loop testing

Loop and PFC displayed at the same time

Phase sequence indication

3-pole earth testing

CAT IV 300 V safety rating

Now you have seen it call 01304 502 101 or go to www.megger.com forfull details

The word ‘Megger’ is a registered trademark

Have you seen it?

You have now!

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Documents

Connections June