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CONTACTS & CRITERIA 球員肢體接觸 與 裁判吹判尺度

FIBA Main Competitions 2

This presentation is part of the 2014 FIBA Main Competitions' Referee’s Pre-Competition Clinic. 這份簡報檔是 2014 年 FIBA 裁判賽前研習所用的資料 This material includes practical approaches and detailed techniques for some key situations concerning contacts on the court. 這份資料內容包含球場上有關肢體接觸的實際案例探討及提

供執法裁判時詳細的吹判參考

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CONTACT & CRITERIA

There is one game, three referees,

but still only one set of criteria (refereeing).

一場比賽雖有 3 位執法裁判

但執法標準只有一套

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INDEX

此簡報分為以下 5 個部份來介紹：

1. Clean the Game 建立比賽尺度

2. Use of Hands 留意手部動作

3. Post Play 低位單打動作

4. U-foul 違反運動道德犯規

5. Flopping / Faking 假倒(摔)

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CLEAN THE GAME 建立比賽尺度

• Establish the criteria early (first call).

第一個哨音開始，就是尺度的建立

• Maintain the criteria (last call).

直到比前終了前，最後一個哨音響起應與前面

尺度維持一致。

• Call the obvious 明顯犯規一定要吹

• Be fair but be firm! 吹判要公平，勿完全堅持己見。

• Do not compromize! 不要輕易妥協

• Do not miss the big ones.

嚴重犯規(衝突)絕對不可視而不見。

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USE OF HANDS 留意手部動作

• Hand-checking is the “illegal” use of the hand(s) / arm(s) to impede / influence the movement / progress of an opponent with or without the ball.

用手部及手臂碰觸對方肢體，企圖阻擋或影

響持球/非持球進攻球員的移動路徑，為不合

法動作。

• A defensive player may momentarily touch an opponent with his hand anywhere on the court as long as it does not affect the opponent’s movement (speed, quickness, balance, rhythm). 在不影響進攻球員自由移動的前提下(如：速度、 身體平衡…等)，防守時，偶爾碰觸到進攻球員是 可以被允許的。

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USE OF HANDS 留意手部動作 • Under no circumstances may the defensive

player place two hands upon an opponent.

比賽中，防守球員不可同時使用雙手來推擠

進攻方球員。

• Offensive player has the same rights as defensive player.

進攻/防守球員皆享有相同權利。

• It is a fight for a spot on the floor (first to spot has the right).

球場上的攻防位置是先到先贏，看誰先建

立合法的進攻/防守位置。

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USE OF HANDS 留意手部動作

• Be firm 宣判要堅決

• Be early 宣判要即時

• Be ready. 宣判要專注

• ”No hands” 別置身事外

• When controlling ”hand check” you have to control travelling too.

注意手部動作時，別忘了留意腳步

是否合法移動(勿顧此失彼) 9

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POST PLAY 低位單打動作

• The principle of verticality applies also to post play The offensive player in the low post and the defensive player guarding him must respect each other's rights to a vertical position 進攻球員與防守球員於低位單打/防守動作時，不可侵犯他人垂直圓柱體空間，故低位單打適用圓柱體不可侵犯原則。

• It is a foul by an offensive or defensive player in the post position to shoulder or hip his opponent out of position or to interfere with his opponent's freedom of movement using extended arms, shoulders, hips, legs or other parts of the body. 攻守兩方球員，在低位時，舉凡使用手臂、肩膀、臀部或雙腳來影響對手移動之情況，皆為不合法的犯規動作。

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POST PLAY 低位單打動作

• Post play should be viewed and anticipated as a physical (not rough) match-up between two opponents, especially big players

低位單打動作可猜想得到會是兩個球員之間的身體對抗(非粗暴動作)，尤其是球隊裡的大個字。

• But if illegal use of hands, forearm, knees or legs impedes the movement of, or dislodges the opponent then a foul must be called. 非法使用手臂、前臂、膝蓋或是腳來影響對手的移動都應該宣判犯規。

• At no time may a hand or both hands be placed upon an opponent, preventing freedom of movement by the offensive player. 比賽進行中，不管使用單手或雙手來限制對手移動都自由都是犯規。

• An offensive player cannot dislodge a defensive player from a spot on the floor by “bumping” or “backing down” toward to basket. 進攻球員不得用跳躍或是背部推擠防守球員方式，往籃框方向進攻。

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POST PLAY 低位單打動作

• Be aware of the illegal use of hands by the offensive player. Visualize various possibilities in pre-game preparation. (Mental Image Training) 特別注意進攻球員的手部動作。在裁判賽前會議中應該要模擬 各式各樣可能發生的狀況。(假設性畫面想像訓練)

• There can be no “let them play” attitude when the contact is excessive or rough.

當兩方球員有過度激烈之肢體碰撞發生時，絕對不能袖手

傍觀看熱鬧。

• When it looks like a foul, it is a foul!

如果這個動作看起來很像是犯規，就響哨吧!

• When controlling post play you have to control “three seconds” too.

監看低位單打動作時，別忘了看進攻球員是否有三秒違例

情況產生。 12

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POST PLAY CHECKLIST 低位單打檢核表

• “Easy” / “No hands” on action

(not too many words) 就是不要有手部動作，就是這麼簡單。

• There can be no “let them play” attitude when the contact is excessive or rough.

不要抱持著看熱鬧的心態來看待激烈的肢體碰撞。

• Moving to the right place (be ahead) & Put yourself in an effective position

讓自己儘早移動至能做出正確判決的最佳位置。

• Look at the right part of the action

確認目光要聚焦在正確的地方。

• Call the action not the gesture

別被球員一些個人小動作欺騙而響了哨。

• Do you understand what you need to see?

你是否確定自己要注意哪些細節?

• Two hands – call the foul.

球員一旦使用雙手來進攻或防守，就宣判犯規。 13

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UNSPORTMANLIKE FOUL 違反運動道德犯規

• Rough, severe, dangerous, flagrant contact should not be tolerated at any time. Clean up the game!

絕不容忍任何粗暴、嚴重、危險、惡

意的犯規。應建立好比賽的尺度！

• Detect the players who do not play basketball. 要注意場上那些不致力於比賽(有特殊企圖

或目的)的球員。 • Never fear; evaluate the action and do

not think about the penalty. 身為裁判不要害怕響哨。審慎評估狀況

後，該吹就是要吹，不用擔心賽後被拿來

檢討。

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UNSPORTMANLIKE FOUL 違反運動道德犯規

• Four instances:

以下四個為應宣判不合運動道德犯規之情況： – No effort to play ball

不致力於比賽(有特殊企圖或目的) – Causing excessive contact

(hard foul) 過度激烈的身體接觸，亦為下重手，可能造成受傷之犯規。

– Contact from behind or laterally (last player situation) 在進攻球員後方或是側邊造成之犯 規(回想上一球的判決，可猜想是否 故意或報復心態之犯規動作)

– Last 2 minutes Q4/OT: Foul before ball has been released for throw- in. 在第四節或延長賽的最後兩分鐘，球發 進場內前的犯規

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UNSPORTMANLIKE FOUL 違反運動道德犯規

• In case of doubt, call a personal foul.

不確定是否該吹違犯運動道德犯規時，那就吹一般犯規。

• In case of a double whistle - if any of your partners call an UF change your signal to an UF.

如果搭同時響哨，您的搭檔裁判吹的是違反運動道德犯

規，則立即改變您的手勢，也比出相同手勢。

• In case of an UF (last player situation), take a second to analyze the whole play. Your partners may assist you (up- or downgrade). 假使要宣判違反運動道德犯規但不太確定時，多花個一 秒想清楚。不妨請與搭檔裁判討論一下，再決定是要吹 U還是一般犯規。

• Call the foul – analyze – upgrade to UF if necessary (no emotional call).

先吹判犯規→分析狀況→有必要的時候再升級至違

反運動道德犯規。千萬別帶著個人情緒去吹判。

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LAST PLAYER SITUATION 場上最後一位球員的位置

• If a defensive player (control) causes contact with

opponent from behind or laterally in an attempt to stop a fastbreak and there is no opponent between the offensive player and the opponents basket, it is an UF!

當進攻球員在自己和攻擊籃框之間沒有其他防守者，而

防守球員從側邊或後面製造身體接觸，這就是違反運動

道德犯規。

• Valid until player is in act of shooting (unless no effort to play the ball or excessive contact)

這個狀況直到投籃動作為止(除非已是過度接觸或不致力

於比賽的故意動作)。

• Court awareness, communicate, get the call right. 確保自己明瞭場上的狀況，藉由和搭檔裁判溝通，作出

最正確的吹判。

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LAST 2 MINUTES 決勝期 During the last 2 min. of the fourth period and during the last 2 min. of each extra period, when the ball is out- of-bounds for a throw-in and still in the hands of the official or already at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in, if at this moment a defensive player causes contact with a player of the offensive team and a foul is called, it is an UF! 比賽進行到第四節或是延長賽最後兩分鐘的時

候，進攻方發界外球的情況下，球在裁判的手上

或是已經在球員可以發球的位置時(球未發進場

時)，如果這時候發生防守犯規，那就是違反運動

道德犯規 18

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UNSPORTMANLIKE FOUL 違反運動道德犯規

• Managing ”hard” foul situations

留意下重手之大力犯規動作。

• Dangerous to player and game, must be called immediatelly.

舉凡有任何讓球員或比賽發生危險的狀況，一定

要立即吹判違反運動道德犯規。

• 1st priority: Prevent confrontation, retaliation, restore order. 裁判首要之務：避免兩邊發生衝突、報復行為，不讓 場面失控。

• Be ready to physically intervene.

如有必要，裁判可用自己身體去阻擋化解兩

方球員之衝突，避免更嚴重且不可收拾的情

形發生。

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FLOPPING / FAKING 假摔(倒) • Widely practiced in charging and screening situations.

大多發生在掩護或是要製造對手進攻犯規的

情況。

• We must know the game and the technical movements and tactics of the players, this prevents buying a flop or fake. 比賽進行中，裁判要完全進入狀況。不要被場上球

員的一些假摔(倒)小動作所欺騙。

• This type of behavior does not fit within the spirit of sportsmanship and fair play. Clean up the game – clean it early! 假摔(倒)這類不合乎運動家精神的動作。在比賽一開

始時，就要特別留意，建立尺度！

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FLOPPING / FAKING 假摔(倒) • Some players try to trick the referees faking a

contact caused by an opponent, or maximizing an incidental contact.

有些球員會刻意放大肢體接觸或利用演技來爭取

對自己有利之哨音。

• Some defensive players without a Legal Guarding Position (LGP), try to cause contact onto the torso and fall backwards faking an offensive foul. 有些防守球員在還未建立合法防守位置時，為了製

造進攻犯規，嘗試利用軀幹來接觸進攻球員，並向

後倒來博取裁判哨音。

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FLOPPING / FAKING 假摔(倒) If a player: 如果場上球員

• Contacts incidentally with an opponent as a

consequence of a regular play, and it does not

produce any alteration in the rhythm of the play, no

call.

肢動接觸是因為正常動作而發生且不影響後續動作

之進行，這時不作任何宣判。

• Flops generating an illegal contact, call foul on a

flopper.

如果球員因為假摔(倒)而造成與對手不合法的肢體

接觸，請宣判該名球員犯規。 22

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FLOPPING / FAKING 假摔(倒)

• A player fakes but does not generate any illegal contact:

如果球員假摔(倒)，但沒有產生任何不合法的肢體接觸時

– An official warning is given to the player and warning must be communicated also to the Head Coach.

裁判立即警告該名球員不可再做出假摔(倒)動作，並同

時與教練進行溝通。

– Any repetition of flopping by same team lead to Technical Foul. 經口頭告知後，仍重覆使用假摔(倒)，請直接宣判技

術犯規。

– One warning by each team. 僅向做出該假摔(倒)動作之隊伍，作出一次警告。

• A player fakes flagrantly and does not generate any illegal contact:

若球員不斷重覆使用假摔(倒)之動作，雖未與他人發生肢體接觸，請

宣判該球員違反運動道德犯規。

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CONTACT & CRITERIA 球員肢體接觸 與 裁判吹判尺度

Be fair & firm 吹判要公平且堅決

Call obvious 絕對不要漏哨

Do not compromise 不要輕易妥協

Clean the Game 建立比賽尺度

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資料來源:國際籃球總會 F.I.B.A

編 譯：吳喜松 國際籃球裁判

國立體育大學碩士

國立聯合大學助理教授

僑光科技大學助理教授

苗栗縣籃球協會總幹事

國立苗栗高商女籃隊總教練

第 16屆亞洲盃男籃賽裁判(日本神戶)

第 18屆亞洲盃男籃賽裁判(韓國首爾)

威廉瓊斯盃國際籃球賽裁判

翻 譯：徐常智 輔仁大學翻譯所碩士

大同高中教師

苗栗高商畢業

國家 B級籃球裁判

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