CONTRIBUTORS

Prof. Carlos Alma~a, Laboratorio de Zoologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Lisboa, Portugal

Dr. Mihai B~cescu, Musee d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa", Bucuresti, Romania

Prof. Bruno Battaglia, Istituto Biologia Animale, Universita di Padova, Italia

Dr. Gerard Bellan, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France

Dr. Denise Bellan-Santini, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France

Dr. Adam Ben-Tuvia, Department of Zoology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

Prof. Francesco Cinelli, Istituto di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata, Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italia

Dr. Marta Estrada, Instituto de Investigaciones Pesquera, Barcelona Spain

Dr. Giancarlo Fava, Istituto Biologia del Mare C.N.R., Venezia, Italia

Dr. Gaston Fredj, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Biologique, Nice, France

Dr. Raymond Gaudy, Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, Faculte des Sciences de Luminy, Marseille, France

Dr. Josep Maria Gili, Departament d'Ecologia, Universitat de Barce-lona, Barcelona, Spain

Dr. Lydia Ignatiades, Nuclear Research Center "Demokritos", Athens, Greece

Prof. Vassili Kiortsis, Zoological Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Dr. A. Kocatas, Department of General Zoology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey

387

388 CONTRIBUTORS

Prof. Ramon Margalef, Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Spain

Prof. Maria Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, Zoological Laboratory, Univer-sity of Athens, Athens, Greece

Dr. Artemis Nikolaidou, Zoological Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Dr. G. H~pner Petersen, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Dr. Trevor Platt, Marine Ecology Laboratory, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Canada

Prof. Joandomenec Ros, Departamento de Ecologia, Universid&d de Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Prof. Michele Sara, Istituto di Zoologia, Universita di Genova, Genova, Italia

Prof. Enrico Tortonese, Istituto Zooprofilattico, Genova, Italia

Dr. Nikos Tsimenidis, Institute of Oceanographic and Fishery Research, Athens, Greece

Dr. George Verriopoulos, Zoological Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Dr. Kostas Yannopoulos, Zoological Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Mrs Argyro Zenetou, Zoological Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

SPECIES INDEX

Abra alba, 200 Abylopsis, 310 Acanthonyx, 349, 359 Acartia, 292, 294, 306, 310, 319,

320 A. clausi, 288-290, 292, 293,

306,308-310,314,316-319, 324

A. discaudata, 292, 311 A. italica, 292 A. enzoi, 292 A. josephina, 292 A. latisetosa, 292,306,310 A. centrura, 313 A. negligens, 306,309,311,314 A. longiremis, 310,311 A. fossae, 313

Acipenser, 75 A. wettsteinii, 52 A. moebii, 52 A. naccarii, 58, 64, 75 A. stellatus, 200

Acanthella acuta, 71 Acanthephyra, 110 Acanthinolepis cousteani, 123, 127

A. asperrima, 127 Acanella eburnea, 129 Achaeus, 349, 359

A. gracilis, 352 Acetabularia, 51

A. parvula, 52 A. mediterranea, 26

Agalma, 310 Agelus oroides, 71 Agnesiopsis translucida, 130 Alepocephalus rostratus, 134 Alcyonium, 30

389

Allorchestes aquilinus, 25 Alosa falax, 60, 61, 63 Alpheus dentipes, 202 Allopatiria, 70

A. ocellifera, 70 Alpheus migrans, 203 Amphiroa, 51 Amphilepis norvegica, 131 Amphiglena mediterranea, 181 Ampelisca, 202 Amphioxus, 27 Amphidoma caudata, 259, 265,

267 Amphisolenia globifera, 259, 265,

267 Amphiura, 66, 67, 69, 74

A. stepanovi, 66, 70, 75 A. chiajei, 69, 75 A. mediterranea, 67 A. lacazei, 67 A. delamarei, 67 A. cherbonnieri, 67 A. apicula, 67 A. incana, 70

Anamathia, 131,349 A. rissoana, 131

Anatolichthys, 203 Anchinoe tenacior, 71 Anseropoda lobiancoi, 67 Antedon mediterranea, 66, 68 Ancyrocephalus salinus, 206 Anemonia sulcata, 64 Anchialina oculata, 315

A. agilis, 315 Anisarthrus pelsaneeri, 206 Anomalocera pattersoni, 316 Antonogadus megaloknodon, 59

390

Apanthura libyana, 204 Aphanius, 73, 74, 81

A. dispar, 206, 368 A. fasciatus, 58, 201 A. iberus, 58

Apogonichthyoides nigripinnis, 368 Appendicularia sicula, 307, 323 Apterichthys caecus, 62 Arctica islandica, 6 Arius thalassinus, 368, 373 Arietellus pavoninus, 313

A. aculeatus, 313 Arnoglossus ruepelli, 62

A. thori, 94 A. kessleri, 63

Aristeus, 110 A. antennatus, 133

Aristeomorpha, 110 A. pholiacea, 133

Argyropelecus, 76 Asterina burtoni, 77 Astropecten, 81

A. irregularis, 76 Astrospartus mediterraneus, 70 Aslia lefebvrei, 66 Asterina pancerii, 67, 69 Astroides calycularis, 29, 72 Asthenognathus, 349 Astropecten, 67, 76

A. spinulosus, 67, 69 A. jonstoni, 67-69 A. bispinosa, 67, 70 A. platyacanthus, 70 A. spinophorus, 70

Athanas, 203 A. nitescens, 206

Atherinops lacunosus, 367, 368 Atergatis, 350 Atelecyclus, 349 Atule djeddaba, 368, 370 Authistes puta, 368 Axinella cannabina, 71 Axonolaimus arcuatus, 96

Balanus improvisus, 200 B. amphitrite, 292

Bacteriastrum, 217 Balanophyllia europaea, 72 Bangia fuscopurpurea, 23 Bathoptilus nigerrimus, 64

SPECIES INDEX

Bathynectes, 349 Bassia bassensis, 316, 383 Bathypterois mediterraneus, 58,

64 Beckerella mediterranea, 53, 54 Bellotia apoda, 62 Belona belone, 62

B. svestovidovi, 62 Benthosaurus grallator, 134 Bledius, 22 Blepharocysta sp., 259, 265, 267 Bogidiella, 204

B. arganoi, 204 B. sarawacensis, 204

Brachydontes minimus, 72 Brachynotus, 349, 355, 358, 359

B. foresti, 352, 355, 356 B. gemellari, 352, 355, 356 B. sexdentatus, 352, 355, 356 B. atlanticus, 355

Brisingella coronata, 133 Brissopsis lyrifera, 31 Bryopsis, 49 Buccinum, ·160 Buenia affinis, 59 Buglossidium luteum, 94 Bulbamphiascus imus, 95

Calappa, 349 Calanus minor, 293, 314, 317

C. gracilis, 309 C. helgolandicus, 291, 295,

316, 317 Calocalanus pavo, 313, 314, 317

C. styliremis, 310 C. pavoninus, 317

Cachonia sp., 259, 265, 267 Calanopia elliptica, 313

C. media, 313 Callionymus filamentosus, 368

C. pusillus, 62, 66, 74 Callinectes, 349

C. sapidus, 351 Callogorgia verticulata, 128 Calocaris macandreae, 131 Calyx nicaensis, 71 Callinera burgeri, 200 Capitella capitata, 38, 174 Candacia sp., 292, 310

C. aethiopica, 314, 315, 323

SPECIES INDEX

Cancer, 349 Caryophyllia atlantica, 129

C. sarsiae, 81 C. ambrosia, 129

Carcharhinus brevipinna, 367 Cardium glaucum, 158 Carapus acus, 60 Carcinus, 349, 352, 358, 359

C. mediterraneaus, 72 C. maenas, 356 C. aestuarii, 352, 356

Cassiopea andromeda, 201 Catenella repens, 53, 199 Caulerpa, 51, 69, 355

C. prolifera, 53, 203, 206 C. racemosa, 7, 51, 52 C. scalpelliformis, 7, 51

Cavolinia gibbosa, 201 Centroceros clavulatum, 51 Centropages, 310

C. typicus, 288-290, 292, 293, 295, 314, 315, 317, 318, 323

C. violaceus, 292, 309, 311, 314, 323

C. chierchiae, 289, 290, 295 C. kroyeri, 306, 308-311, 315,

316, 323 C. ponticus, 313

Ceratium, 217, 218, 224 C. platycorne, 217, 218 C. karsteni, 218 C. furca, 218, 259, 265, 267 C. horridum, 218 C. fusus, 218, 259, 263, 265,

268 C. declinatum, 218 C. concilians, 218

Cerastoderma glaucum, 27, 28 Ceratocorys gourceti, 219 Ceratqphy~lum, 199 Charybdis, 349 Charylodes longicornis, 203 Chalinura mediterranea, 64

C. europea, 134 Chlamys glabra, 72

C. septemradiata, 132 Chauliodus, 76 Chelophyes, 310

C. appendiculata, 306

391

Chondria dasyphylla, 53 Chaetoceros, 217, 258, 259, 262,

263, 265, 267, 268 Childia groenladica, 200 Chromadorita tenuis, 97 Chromogobius zebratus, 59, 61

C. quadrivittatus, 63 Chthamalus, 24

C. depressus, 72 C. stellatus, 23, 24 C. mon tagui, 24

Cidaris cidaris, 40 Cladocora caespitosa, 72 Cladostephus verticulatus, 26 Cladopsamroia rolandi, 72 Clausocalanus, 290, 292, 310

C. arcuicornis, 288-290, 292, 293, 306, 310, 314, 315, 317, 323

C. furcatus, 288-290, 309-311, 314, 315, 317, 319, 323

C. mastigophorus, 310 Cliona rhodensis, 71 Cletodes pusillus, 95, 96 Clypeaster, 196 Corallium rubrum, 29, 72, 206 Corallina mediterranea, 26

C. elongata, 182 Cobitis larvata, 207

C. conspersa, 207 Codium, 52 Corbula (Lentidium) mediterranea,

208 C. gibba, 167, 172-174, 178

Codonelopsis bulbulosus, 313 Cochlodinium sp. 259 Corystes, 349 Corycaeus, 259, 265, 267, 288-

290, 306, 309, 311 C. clausi, 310, 317 C. flaccus, 310, 311, 317 C. giesbrechti, 314, 315, 317,

318, 323 C. ovalis, 314 C. typicus, 314, 317

Corycella, 306 C. rostrata, 293, 310, 314, 317

Coscinodiscus, 259, 265, 267 Cotylorhiza multituberculata, 316 Corcyrogobius, 60

392

Corcyrogobius (continued) C. lichtensteini, 59

Crambe crambe, 13, 71 Cratea peregrina, 72 Crenidens crenidens, 368 Creseis, 309

C. asicula, 311, 316, 323 Cromogolins quadrivitatus, 202 Crouania attenuata, 53 Cryptonoemia tunaeformis, 40 Cryptopelta brevispina, 70 Ctenocalanus vanus, 317 Cutleria multifida, 53 Cyclope neritea, 200 Cymodocea, 27, 203

C. nodosa, 183 Cypraea lurida, 6

C. sedoides, 68 Cyprina islandica, 132 Cystoseira, 50, 51, 54, 180

C. stricta, 26, 180, 181 C. mediterranea, 182 C. abrotanifolia, 26 C. barbata, 208 C. crinita, 26

Cylindrotheca closterium, 259, 265, 267

Cynoglossus sinusarabici, 368 Cymbulia peroni, 316, 323 Cymonomus, 349

C. normani, 359

Dalophis imberbis, 162 Dasycladus vermicularis, 53 Dasyatis tortonesei, 58, 66 Deltentosteus colonianus, 62

D. quadrimaculatus, 94 Dentali~ agile, 131 Desmophyllum cristayalli, 129 Desmosoma chelatum, 198 Dicranodromia mahieuxii, 359 Dicopia sp., 130 Diadema, 196 Dictyocha fibula, 260, 265, 267

D. speculum, 260, 265, 267 Dinophysis ovum, 259, 265, 267

D. parvula, 259, 265, 268 D. sp., 260

Didogobius, 60 D. bentiviai, 59, 61, 65, 75

Digenea simplex, 51 Diplodus sargus, 60 Dictyocysta, 222

D. duplex, 227 D. fibula, 258 D. lipida, 227 D. mitra, 227 D. speculum, 258

Diogenes, 203

SPECIES INDEX

D. pugilator, 206 Distoma adriaticum, 75 Donax, 154

D. trunculus, 27, 28, 38, 69 Dorhynchus, 349 Dorylaimopsis mediterranea, 96,

97 Dorvillea kefersteni, 167

D. rudolphi, 181 Dromia, 349, 359 Dussumieria acuta, 368, 370

Ebalia, 349, 353, 358, 359 E. cranchii, 353 E. deshayesi, 351-355 E. edwardsii, 351-355 E. grajulosa, 353 E. nux, 353 E. tuberosa; 353, 355 E. tumefacta. 351, 353,

354 Echinocardium, 68

E. fenauxi, 67 E. mediterraneum, 69, 70 E. mortenseni, 67, 69

Echinus, 196 E. acutus, 126

Echinocucumis typica, 131 Echinomuricia klavereni, 72 Echinogammarus olivii, 24 Ectocarpus, 49 Echiodon dentatus, 62 Egmundella valvidiae, 123, 128 Emerita, 154 Emiliania huxleyi, 259, 263, 265,

267, 271 Epinepheles, 76

E. haifensis, 59 E. malabricus, 368

Epizoanthus, 200 Eretmophorus, 60

SPECIES INDEX

Eretmophorus (continued) E. kleinenbergi, 59, 64

Ergasticus, 349 Eriphia, 349

E. verrucosa, 72 Errina aspera, 123 Eryoneicus, 135

E. faxoni, 130 E. kempi, 130 E. puritanii, 130 E. spinoculatus, 130

Ethelia, 52 Ethusina alba, 359

E. talismani, 359 Ethusa, 349

E. microphtalma, 359 Etrumeus teres, 368 Euaetideus giesbrechti, 309 Eucheta, 310

E. marina, 293, 309 E. concinna, 313

Eucalanus subcrassus, 294 Euchyrograpsus, 349 Eucrate, 349 Eudoxoides spiralis, 316, 317,

383 Eunicella singularis, 72

E. cavolinii, 72 Euphausia brevis, 310

E. krohni, 315 Euphysophora bigelowi, 313 Euraphia depressa, 24 Euridice affinis, 25

E. truncata, 315 Euspongia officinalis, 202, 205 Eurynome, 349 Euterpina, 290, 310

E. acutifrons, 306, 308, 310, 311, 317

Evadne sp., 290 E. no rdmani, 307, 310, 319, 323 E. spinifera, 307, 309-312, 315,

317, 318 E. tergestina, 307, 309, 310,

312, 315, 323

Filogranula stellata, 123 Firoloida desmaresti, 316 Fissurella nucleata, 6 Fritillaria pellucida, 290

393

Fritillaria pellucida (continued) F. borealis, 290

Fucus, 199 F. virsoides, 10, 24, 53

Funchalia, 110 Funiculina quadrangularis, 31,

135

Gadiculus argenteus, 62 Galaxaura, 51

G. adriatica, 53 Gammogobius, 60

G. steinitzi, 59, 65 Gerardia savaglia, 72 Geryon, 110, 131, 135, 349

G. tridena, 123 Gibbula adriatica, 75 Glycera convoluta, 200 Gob ius , 73

G. arenae, 59, 66 G. ater, 59 G. fallax, 59 G. geniporus, 59 G. luteus, 59 G. niger, 373 G. strictus, 59 G. vittatus, 59, 65 G. auratus, 62 G. bucchichi, 62, 64

Goneplax, 349 Gonyaulax, 217, 260, 267

G. fragilis, 259, 265 Gouania, 60

G. wildonewi, 27, 60, 66 Gryphus vitreus, 40, 133, 135 Gymnogrongus norvegicus, 53 Gyrodinium sp., 259, 265, 267

Hacelia attenuata, 70 Haliclona mediterranea, 71 Halistema, 310 Halarachnion spatulatum, 30 Halimeda tuna, 51 Halicystis parvula, 53 Halopytis incurvus, 53 Halectinosoma herdmani, 95 Haloptilus longicornis, 293 Halophila stipulacea, 10, 203 Halopteris scoparia, 26 Hamacantha facula, 128

394

Harpacticus uniremis, 94 Harmothoe lunulata, 127

H. fauveli, 127 Hedingia, 70

H. mediterranea, 67, 69, 127 Helicosphaera carteri, 259, 263,

267, 265, 271 Hemiaulus, 217, 221, 222, 259,

265, 267 Hemiramphus far, 368 Herbstia, 349 Herklotsichthys punctatus, 368,

370 Heterocrypta, 349' Heteraulacus, 217

H. sphaericus, 259, 263, 265, 268

Heteromysis, 205 H. I ibyana , 204

Heteropanope, 350 Heterotanais longidactyla, 204 Hildenbrandtia prototypus, 24 Hiatella, 155

H. byssifera, 155 Himantura uarnak, 368 Hippocampus hippocampus, 62 Hippopodius, 310 Hippospongia communis, 79 Homologenus rostratus, 359 Holothuria stellati, 66, 77

H. helleri, 69 H. mammata, 70 H. polii, 70 H. tubulosa, 69, 77

Homola, 349 Huso huso, 63 Huntemania jadensis, 96 Hyale perieri, 23 Hyalopomatus sp., 123 Hyastenus, 349 Hydrobia ulvae, 27, 28 Hydroclathrus clathratus, 24 Hypnaea musciformis, 51 Hyperia schizogeneios, 315

Ianirella bonnieri, 198 Idothea metallica, 315 Ilia, 349, 359 Inachus, 349, 359

I. communissimus, 352

SPECIES INDEX

Irpa ludwigi, 66, 68-70 Ircinia ore, 71 Isidella elongata, 31, 72, 128,

129, 133, 138, 206 Isias clavipes 306, 308, 309 Ixa, 349

Juncus maritimus, 25

Kephyrion, 260, 265 Knipowitschia, 65

K. panizzai, 59 K. caucasica, 63

Kolga lud~igi, 127, 129, 134 K. oQsoleta, 127 K. hyalina, 127

Kosswigichthys, 203 Kronitta subtilis, 315 Krupponemia borealis, 127

Labidocera madurae, 313 L. detruncata, 313

Labrus viridus, 62 Labidoplax thomsoni, 67

L. digitata, 70 Lacydonia laureci, 125 Lagisca drachi, 123, 127

L. extenuata, 127 Lagocephalus spadiceus, 368 Laminaria, 49

L. ochroleuca, 53 L. rodriguezii, 53

Laodicea fijiana, 313 Latreillia, 349 Lappanella fasciata, 62 Leiognathus klunzingeri, 368, 372 Lensia, 310 Lentidium mediterraneum, 200 Lepadogaster lepadogaster, 61 Lepidotrigla cavillone, 62

L. dieuzidei, 62 Lepidion lepidion, 59, 64 Leptanthura mulleri, 204 Leptometra, 70

L. phalangium, 66, 69, 126, 133 L. celtica, 70, 131

Lestidius jayakari, 60 Lestrigonus schizogeneios, 310

L. latissima, 310 Lesueurigobius suerii, 59, 66

SPECIES INDEX

Lesueurigobius suerll (continued) L. sanzoi, 62

Leucosia, 349 Liagora, 51 Ligia italica, 22 Liocarcinus, 349, 352, 359

L. bolivari, 352 L. maculatus, 352 L. vernalis, 352

Ligur, 110 Limopsis pygmaea, 127

L. minuta, 127 Limacina, 309, 311 Lineus lacteus, 27, 28 Lipophrys adriaticus, 60, 64

L. dalmatinus, 60 L. nigriceps, 60, 61, 65 L. basiliscus, 60 L. sabry, 60, 61

Lipphrys canevai, 62 Liriope tetraphylla, 306, 316 Liriopsis pygmaea, 206 Lissa, 349

L. chiragra, 352 Lithophyllum trochanter, 54

L. tortuosum, 23, 24, 35, 54, 206

L. papillosum, 23 L. incrustans, 26

Littorina neritoides, 22 Liza carinata, 368 Lophelia prolifera, 31

L. pertusa, 129 Lophocladia lallemandii, 52 Lophogorgia sarmentosa, 72 Lubrinereis latreilli, 178 Lucifer, 309, 311 Lucicutta flavicornis, 293, 309,

317 Luidia sarsi, 126 Lutjanus argentimaculatus, 368,

373 Lysmata seticaudata, 72 Lytocarpia, 31

Macellicephala annae, 127 M. mirabilis, 131 M. laubieri, 127 M. hadalis, 127 M. grimaldii, 127

Macoma baltica, 158 Macropipus, 350 Macropodia, 349, 359

M. czerniavskii, 352 M. aegyptia, 72

Madrepora oculata, 31, 129 Maletia cuneata, 131 Maja, 349

M. verrucosa, 72 M. goltziana, 351

Marionia blainvillea, 72 Maurolicus, 76

395

Mecynocera clausi, 315, 323, 324 Medoripe, 349 Melanopsis, 2 Merlangius merlangius, 63 Merluccius merluccius, 61, 371 Merocryptus, 349, 359 Mesospora, 52

M. mediterranea, 53 Mesoporos sp., 259, 265, 267 Mesodesma corneum, 25 Metacylus annulifera, 313 Microcassiope, 350

M. minor, 351 Microichthys, 60

M. sanzoi, 59, 76 M. coccoi, 60, 76

Microarthridione littorale, 96 Middendorfia caprearum, 23 Microsetella rosea, 317 Millerigobius, 60

M. macrocephalus, 59 Monachus, 79

M. monachus, 71 Monodaeus, 350, 359

M. couchii, 359 M. guinotae, 352

Molgula pumila, 130 M. tethys, 130

Muggiaea kochi, 306, 310 Mullus barbatus, 371

M. surmuletus, 371 Munidopsis marionis, 127, 130

M. sp., 127, 130, 131 Muraenesox cinereus, 368, 373 Mustelus mediterraneus, 62 Mya arenaria, 208

M. truncata, 155 Myra, 349

396

Myriotrochus geminiradiatus, 67,69 Myrtea spinifera, 167, 172 Mytilus, 207

M. galloprovincialis, 26, 208

Nanomia, 310 Najay, 199 Nemederma tingitanum, 24 Nemertesia, 31 Nematonereis unicornis, 167 Neogoniolithon notarisii, 24 Neolampus rostellata, 31

Neocnus, 67, 84 N. incubans, 66, 68

Neocucumis marioni, 66, 69 Neomeris annulata, 51 Neosimnia, 72 Nephthys ciliata, 131

N. hombergi, 200 Nereis caudata, 172 Nerophis maculatus, 62 Nerine cirratulus, 25

N. mesnili, 27, 28, 38 Nettastoma melanurum, 135 Nettodarus brevirostris, 135 Nezumia aequalis, 134

N. sclerorhynchus, 134 Nitocra, 207 Nitzschia, 217, 220, 259, 260,

262, 265, 268 N. de licat issima , 220 N. seriata, 220

Noctiluca, 307 N. scintillans, 307

Notoscopelus elongatus, 60 Notopus, 349

Obelia, 306, 311 Ocypode, 349

O. cursor, 351 Odondebuenia, 65

O. balearica, 62 O. pruvoti, 62

Oedalechilus labeo, 62 Oikopleura longicaudata, 290,

306, 316 O. dioica, 306 O. sp., 311

Oithona helgolandica, 290, 292, 293

SPECIES INDEX

Oithona helgolandica (continued) O. nana, 290, 292, 306, 310,

311, 316, 319, 324 O. plumifera, 293, 306, 310,

314, 315, 323, 324 '. O. similis, 316 O. sp., 288, 289, 306

Oligopus ater, 60, 65 Oncaea conifera, 310

O. dentipes, 317 O. mediterranea, 310, 317 O. minuta, 317 O. sp., 288-290

Opeatogenys, 60 O. gracilis, 60

Ophelia bicornis, 25 Ophiactis savignyi, 77 Ophichthus rufus, 58 Ophidion rochei, 63 Ophiocomis forbesi, 70 Ophiothrix quinquemaculata, 30 Orchestia, 22 Ostrea edulis, 208 Oxytoxum scolopax, 259, 262,

265, 267, 268 O. variabile, 259, 265, 267 O. sp., 259, 265, 267

Oxyurichthys papuensis, 367, 368, 372, 373

Pachygrapsus, 349, 359 P. maurus, 352 P. transversus, 351 P. marmoratus, 72

Pagellus coupei, 62 Palicus, 349 Paleophalachroma, 259, 267

P. unicintum, 265 Pandea conica, 306 Pantachogon haecheli, 306 Panturichthys fowleri, 58, 61,

66 Paracalanus, 310

P. parvus, 288-290, 292, 293, 306, 308-311, 315, 316, 319, 324

P. crassirostris, 310, 313 P. aculeatus, 313

Par actaea, 350 Paragalene, 349

SPECIES INDEX

Paragalene (continued) P. longicrura, 351, 352

Paraexocoetus mento, 368 Paracytaeis vetuna, 313 Paralacydonia paradoxa, 167 Paracucumis hyndmani, 70 Parablennius rouxi, 62, 65

P. sphynx, 63 P. zvonimiri, 63 P. incognitus, 63

Paraliparis leptochirus, 60, 64 Paralepis speciosa, 58, 64

P. coregonoides, 60 Paracentrotus lividus, 181 Paramysis motasi, 204 Paratheges racovitzai, 206 Parazoanthus axinellae, 29 Paramuricia clavata, 72

P. macrospina, 72 Parerythropodium, 72 Parophidion vassali, 60 Paromola, 110, 349

P. kosswigi, 207 Parthenope, 349, 359

P. an guliformis, 352 P. macrochelos, 352

Patella aspera, 23 P. ferruginea, 23 P. lusitanica, 23

Pecten jacobaeus, 72 Pectinura vestita, 67, 68 Pelamys, 208 Peltodoris atromaculata, 72 Petrobiona (Merlia) normani, 206

P. massiliana, 30 Pelates quadrilineatus, 368 Pempheris vanicolensis, 367, 372,

373 P. molucca, 372

Penilia avirostris, 290, 306, 315, 317, 319, 323, 324

Peyssonnelia, 36, 65, 69 Pheronema grayi, 32 Phyllidia pulitzeri, 8, 72 Phyllaria reniformis, 53

P. purpurascens, 53 Phyllophora, 207 Phyllophorus, 66

P. urna, 66 P. granulatus, 66

Phyllophorus (continued) P. drachi, 66

Phocoena phocoena, 71 Pilaiella, 199 Pilumnus, 350, 359

P. spinifer, 72 P. aestuarii, 352 P. villosissimus, 352

Pilumnopeus, 350 Pinnotheres, 349, 359

P. marioni, 352 Pirimela, 349 Pisa, 349, 359

397

P. corralina, 352 P. muscosa, 352 tetraodon, 351

Platydoris argo, 71 Platycephalus indicus, 368 Placogorgia massiliensis, 72 Platyichthys flesus, 63 Planes, 349 Platynereis dumerili, 181 Platonaster bifrons, 129, 131 Plectoroninia hindeil 30 Plesionika edwardsii, 127

P. gigliolii, 127 Pleuromamma, 310

P. gracilis, 293, 314 Pockochiella, 51 Podon, 290

P. intermedius, 310, 315 P. polyphemoides, 292, 303,

308-310, 324 Polybius, 350 Polycarpa candata, 130 Polycheles typhlops, 130 Pomadasys stridens, 368 Potamogeton, 199 Pomatoschistus canestrinii, 59,

65 P. tortonesei, 59, 65 P. kneri, 59 P. guagga, 59

Pontella mediterranea, 316 Porphyra leucosticta, 23 Portumnus, 350, 359

P. pestai, 352 Portunus, 350

P. hastatus, 72 Posidonia oceanica, 7, 15, 16,

398

Posidonia oceanica (continued) 22, 25, 27, 64, 68, 170, 171, 183, 203

Progeryon paucidens, 359 Prorocentrum compressum, 259, 265,

268 P. sp., 259, 267, 267

Protoperidinium brochii, 259, 263, 265, 268

P. steinii, 259, 265, 267, 268 P. sp., 259, 265, 267

Proterorhinus marmoratus, 63 Prototrochus meridionalis, 67, 69

P. mediterraneus, 67 Pseudalphia ferreri, 59, 66 Pseudoscarus cretensis, 201 Pseudocnus, 68

P. syracusanus, 66 P. grubei, 66

Pseudione diogeni, 206 Pseudohalitrematoides, 206 -Pseudocalanus elongatus, 294, 295 Pseudothyone sculponea, 66, 69

P. raphanus, 70 Pseudostichopus occultatus, 129 Psammechinus, 67, 68, 70

P. microtuberculatus, 67, 68 P. mi liar is , 70

Pteria, 72 Pterosperma sp., 260, 265, 267 Purpura haemastroma, 6

Rachycentron canadum, 368, 373 R. polystigma, 58

Rapana venosa, 207 Rastrelliger kanagurta, 368 Raya asterias, 58

R. melitensis, 58 R. radula, 58 R. rondeleti, 58

Renicra sarai, 70 Rhincalanus cornutus, 294 Rhithropanopeus, 350 Richardina fredericii, 127

R. spinicinta, 127 Rissoella verruculosa, 23, 53, 54 Rhizaxinella gracilis, 71 Rhynchogodus, 60

R. hepaticus, 59, 64 Rhyzosolenia alata, 201, 217,

SPECIES INDEX

Rhyzosolenia alata (continued) 221, 222, 227, 260, 265, 267

R. fragilissima, 260, 265, 267 R. setigera, 260,263-265,267,268 R. sp., 260, 262, 265, 267

Rodriguezella strafforelli, 53 Rochinia carpenteri, 359

Sabatiera proabyssalis, 96, 97 Saccocirrus papillocercus, 27,

28 Saccorhiza polyschides, 53 Saccoglossus nereschousku, 200 Sagitta bierii, 313

S. bipunctata, 290.307 S. enflata, 290, 307, 309-313,

315 S. friderici, 307, 309-311 S. hexaptera, 307 S. megalophthalma, S. neglecta, 313 S. minima, 315 S. serratodentata,

311 S. setosa, 290, 292

Salicornia, 22

310

290,

S. herbacea, 25 Sapphirina sp., 293 Sarconema filiforme, 203 Sargocentron ruber, 368 Sargassum, 51 Sardinella, 307, 309

307,

Saurida undosquamis, 368, 370, 371 Schizopera, 207 Schizaster, 67-69

S. canaliferus, 67-69 Sciaena umbra, 62 Sclerasterias richardi, 134 Scolelepis fuliginosa, 174, 175 Scomber, 208 Schomberomerus commerson, 368,

370 Scorpaenodes arenai, 60 Scrippsiella sp., 260 Scytosiphon lomentaria, 50 Sebastapistes nuchalis, 368 Sepiola rondeleti, 72

S. sp., 127 S. steenstrupiana, 127

SPECIES INDEX

Septosaccus cucnoti, 206 Serranus atricauda, 62 Siboglinum ekmani, 127

S. carpinei, 127 Silago sihama, 368, 372, 373 Siganus luridus, 368, 372

S. rivulatus, 368, 370, 372 Simrothiella minima, 127 Siriella norvegica, 315

S. jaltensis, 200 S. thomsoni, 204, 315

Sirpus, 349 S. zariquieyi, 352

Solea vulgaris, 60, 308 S. impar, 62, 63

Solie ria dura, 203 Somniosus rostratus, 62 Spantagus, 68

S. inermis, 67, 69 Spelaeomysis proteus, 203 Speleogobius, 60

S. trigloides, 60, 65 Sphaeroma serratum, 25 Sphaerocoecus coronopifolius, 53 Sphaereehinus, 196 Sphaerozius, 350 Sphyraena ehrysotaenia, 368, 370,

371 Spieara flexuosa, 62

S" maena, 62 S. smaris, 62

Spio multioculata, 167 Spisula subtruneata, 200 Spratelloides delieatulus, 368 Stephanolepis diaspros, 368 Stereoderma kirschbergi, 70 Stereomastis seulpta, 130 Sternodromia, 349 Stilophora rhizodes, 53 Strombus bubonius, 6 Strongiloeentrotus, 196 Syllis sp., 181 Symphodus, 65, 76

S. cine reus , 62 S. doderleini, 59 S. melanoeereus, 59 S. mediterraneus, 62 S. ocellatus, 63 S. roissali, 62 S. rostratus, 63

Symphodus (continued) S. tinea, 62

Syngnathus, 65, 73, 76 S. aeus, 61 S. phlegon, 59, 64 S. tenuieornis, 63 S. taenionotus, 59, 75 S. typhle, 61

Synalpheus, 205 S. gambarelloides, 202 S. hululensis, 205

Synapseudes, 205 Syndosmya, 158

S. alba, 158 Synodus saurus, 371 Tachysarus thalassinus, 373 Talitrus saltator, 22 Taonia atomaria, 53 Temora, 310

T. longieornis, 292, 295

399

T. stylifera, 288-290, 292, 293, 295, 309-311, 314, 315, 317, 318, 323, 383

Tenerea undulosa, 54 Terebellides stroemi, 98 Terabratula, 32 Tetrapturus, 74, 76

T. albidus, 74 T. be lone , 59, 67, 74 T. georgei, 62, 74

Thalassionema, 217 Thalassiosira sp., 260, 262, 265,

267 Thalia democratica, 311, 316 Thalamita, 350 Thenea murieata, 31 This, 350 Theostoma oerstedi, 181 Thorogobius maerolepis, 60 Thyone, 67

T. cherbonnieri, 66 T. fusus

Thyasira flexuosa, 167, 172, 173, 178

Thyphloearis, 203 Tisbe elodiensis, 334-337, 339,

341-344 T. holuthuriae, 334, 335, 341,

343, 344 Tintinnopsis aperta, 313

400

Tintinnopsis aperta (continued) T. dadayi, 311 T. gracilis, 311 T. mortensenii, 311 T. tocantinensis, 311

Torodinium robustum, 259, 265, 267

T. sp., 261 Trachurus mediterraneus, 208 Tripterygion, 65, 76

T. melanurus, 60, 65 T. tripteronotus, 64 T. xanthosoma, 62, 64

Trisopterus minutus, 62 Trachythyone tergestina, Trachidius discipes, 96 Trochodota furcipraedita,

T. venusta, 67 Trochostoma, 69

T. arcticum, 127 Troglomysis, 203 Turitella, 69 Tylos europeus, 22

T. sardous, 22 T. ponticus, 22

Tylosurus choram, 368

Udothea, 51

69

67

Upeneus asymmetricus, 368, 370, 371

U. moluccensis, 368, 370, 371 Uranoscopus scaber, 62

SPECIES INDEX

Uschakovius enigmatucus, 125, 126

Utricularia, 199

Valonia macrophysa, 51 Velella, 224 Venus, 158

V. gallina, 158 Venerupis aureus, 173, 174 Vermetus cristatus, 26 Verruca ria symbalana, 22 Vidalia 52, 69

V. volubilis, 30 Vitreotubus digeronimoi, 202

Willemoesia, 130 Wrangelia, 51

Xaiva, 350 Xantho, 350, 358, 359

X. granulicarpus, 352, 357

X. incisus, 356, 357 X. pilipes, 357 X. poressa, 351, 352,

Zanichelia, 199 Zebrus zebrus, 60, 65 Zonaria, 51

356,

357

Zostera, 27, 199, 208, 354 Z. marina, 10

Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, 63, 65

SUBJECT INDEX

Acclimatization, 208, 360 Amphioxus sand, 27 Anoxia, 177 Anoxic conditions, 133 Areas of decandation, 170, 171,

172, 175 Areas,zoogeographical, 199

"refuse", 294 Assemblage, "organismic", 36

benthic, 36 classification, 19 to 48 instability, 38 meiobenthic, 85 stability, 38

Associations vegetal, 37 Astructuration of population, 38 Azoic bottom, 198, 203, 205

Balance hydrobiological, 3 Basins of Mediterranean, 113, 114 Benthos, 19 to 48, 49 to 56

characteristics, 21 deep, 109 to 139 new methodology, 123 turnover rates, 98 vertical distribution, 123, 124,

125 Biocenosis, 22 to 32, 36, 37 Bioconstruction, 35, 36 Biodestruction, 24, 35, 36 Biofouling, 179 Biogeography, zoogeography, 1 to

17, 49 to 56, 77, 78, 79, 80, 158, 195 to 203, 206, 294

Biokarst, 25 Biomass, 8, 34, 255, 273, 280 to

286

Biomass (continued) of phytoplankton, 252, 253, 255,

257, 269 verticle distribution, 252-255

of meiobenthos, 89 Bloom of diatoms, 153 Burrowers, 155

Carbon, accumulation , 233 assimilation, 232, 234, 255 fixation, 231, 232 fluxes, 233, 245 incubation, 234

Catastrophs, ecological , 177 natural, 197 anthropogenic, 197

Characteristics of Mediterranean, 197, 198, 202, 205, 213, 377,378

Chlorophyll, concentration, 253, 254, 255, 271

distribution, 253 maxima, 219, 221, 247, 253, 254,

255, 258, 262, 272, 273, 274

Clusters congeneric, 214 Competition of species, 8, 208,

356, 357, 359, 360, 370, 372, 373

Colonization of species, 248, 358, 359, 360, 362, 369, 370, 372, 373

Communities of bottom, a5 classification, 21 inverted, 148 nitrophilic, 179 parallel level, 158

401

402

Communities (continued) phytobenthic, 258 recurrent, 214

Component, principal analysis, 260

Continuum, 37 Covariance of reactants, 214 Crisis Messinian of Mediterranean,

2, 73, 74, 81, 120, 132, 196

Cycles biological (see also life history), 9~9Z:-Z90, 291, 292, 336, 371,

Current ,atlantic , 3, 4, 118, 197, 199, 295, 304, 305, 380

of Black Sea, 12, 197, 305, 306, 316,324

of Suez Canal, 197, 305, 306, 324, 360

Currents of deep sea, 118

Dams of rivers of Black Sea, 305, 317 of Nile (Aswan High), 305, 306 and zooplankton, 307, 312

Data Bank, 121, 123 Decay exponential, 216 Decomposers, 154 Degradation, 184 Depletion of species (eastward),

126, 132, 202 Detritus, 119 Differentiation, 217, 336, 341,

343, 356 Diffusion turbulent, 215

coefficients, 215 Dispersal hypothesis, 1,4,5,6,

13 Distribution, mesoscale, 228

of endemic species, 126, 127 of deep sea species, 126

Diversity variety, 1, 6~ 7~ 14, 122, 169, 179, 196, 227, 292, 293, 309, 317, 319, 322, 352, 353

index, 183 spectra, 217

Division, geographical of Mediter-ranean, 197

Dying Mediterranean, 219

SUBJECT INDEX

Ecotone, 37 Ecosystems,biotopes.! arctic, 148

coralligenous, coralloid, 65, 192, 199, 200, 206

structure and dynamics, 13 Ekman effect, 223 Endemism (see also species, ende-

mic), ~, 57, 58 to 66, 74, 75, 77

Energy, budgets, 151 to 157 decay, 214 flow, 147, 166 input, 159,213,214, 217, 228 model s, 150, 1 51, 152 solar, 160, 161

Eutrophication, 318 Evaporation, 3, 216 Evaporite, deposition, 120, 129

196 layers, 112, 120

Evolution,of species, 1,5, 73 to 77, 81, 195, 360

equilibrium, 334 Exclusion among species, 357,

358, 359 Extinction of species (see also

fauna extinction), -1---

Facies, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31

Factors, ecological, 1 to 17, 19 to 25

climatic, 19, 20 historical, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14 geological, 195 to 209 paleoecological, 10 physicochemical, 195 to 209 synergistic, 185

Fauna mediterranean (see also species) --- ----

abyssal, 131, 198, 203 blind, 131 deep, 120, 1 29, 283 enrichment, 4 extinction, 6 genesis, 347 origin, 131 originality, peculiarities,

1 26, 131, 132, 13 7, 138, 197, 198

SUBJECT INDEX

Fauna mediterranean (see also species) (continu~

richness, 4, 5, 6, 121, 122, 131, 132

Fisheries statistics, 370, 371

Genotype, 337 Googeography, see biogeography Geology of Mediterranean, 2 to 6,

73, 120, 195, 196, 348 Geostrophy, 251 Gibraltar as a barrier, 4, 77, 79,

133 Granulometry, 185 Guild, 214 Gyre, offshore, 221, 223

anticyclonic, 224-228, 251

Halocline, 177 Heterosis, 334 Heterogeneity, 215, 217, 233, 253,

353 Heterotrophy, 215 Homothermy deep, 198, 201, 274,

309 Hybridgs, 334 Hydrography of Mediterranean, 9,

113, 114, 116, 250, 304, 305, 314

and phytoplankton distribution, 221, 222

Ice biota (kryopelagic), 148 Immigrants Lessepsian, 3, 5, 7, 10

205 Impoverishment of Mediterranean

fauna (see also poverty), 4, 6, 7-,--180:-182, 183, 348, 355, 360

Instability, evolutionary , 335 of an assemblage, 38

Isolation geographic, 75, 356 reproductive, 335, 342

Isotherms, 250

Kelvin waves, 223, 226

403

Kryptobiology, 154

Life history (see also cycles biological~36, 337, 371

Mandala of phytoplankton, 214 "Mats dead", 183 Meadows, 129, 133 Mediterranization of the Black

Sea, 207,317, 324, 381 Meiobenthos, 85 to 99

biomass, 89, 90 biological cycles, 91, 92 distribution, 86, 89, 90 production, 95, 96, 97 regulation mechanisms, 92 temporal evolution, 90, 91 turnover rates, 98

Meiofauna's food, 93 Meiofauna as food, 98 Mesogean, 120 Mesopsammon, 85 Metabolism, 232, 233, 245

of algae, 153, 154 and metabolic losses, 154 and temperature, 150, 151

Metabolites labelled 232 Migration of species, 1,3-5,

7-9, 13, 14, 50, 200, 303,313,361, 362, 369-372.381

Lessepsian, 3, 5, 7-10, 14, 52,77,79,81,131, 196, 201-205, 209, 303, 304,312,313,327,348, 351,360,361,367-371, 373

Models, ecological, 1, 147, 156, 161

geophy s ical, 161 Mosaic elements, 172, 173

distribution, 173, 174 Mud red, 178

deposition, 199

Nanism Levantine, 8, 42, 202 Niche, 8,11,13,14,155,352

energetically possible, 152, 161

404

Niche (continued) energetically impossible, 152,

161 space, 214

Nile outflow (flood), 8, 305, 306, 308

Nitracline, 254, 273 Nitrite maxima, 254, 273 Nitrogen fluxes, 231

"Noda", 37, 38 Nutrients, 7, 8, 12, 14, 216, 279,

307 concentration, 231, 268,280,

329 cycles, 215 inflow, 216 supply, 273

Oligotrophy, 213, 214, 231, 314, 320, 323

Organic matter, 12, 119, 154, 159, 175, 177

influx, 170 recycling, 175, 177

Originality of Mediterranean (see also Fauna, originalit~ 120, 126, 131, 137, 138

Oxycline, 177 Oxygen dissolved,accumulation, 233,

234 budget, 215 concentration, 7, 118,233-241,

243-245 deficiency, 175 and distribution, 12, 169 fluxes, 231, 233, 245 maxima, 247, 254, 272 saturation, 234, 235, 243

Palaeoclimatology, 159 Palaeoecology, 161 Palaeostructure, 161 Pancakes, 228 Paratethys Sea (see also Sarmatian

Sea), 2,-rs,-,gg, 207, 209, 377

species, 200, 363 Patchiness, 254 Pendulum dug, 217 Perturbation, anthropogenic (see

SUBJECT INDEX

Perturbation anthropogenic (see also pollution), 44,---163-185, 197, 303-305, 317,318,324

Phosphates, 8, 254 Photosynthesis, 150, 154

and temperature, 153, 216 Phaeopigments, 253, 254 Phytogeography, 49, 200 Phytoplankton, bloom, 306

communities, 255 to 258 composition, 271, 272 concentration, 255 to 258 and environmental factors, 213

to 229 labelled, 232 maxima, 272, 273

Picoplankton, 245 Pollutants accumulation, 168 Pollution,concentric areas, 166

and benthic assemblages, 179, 182

and deep fauna, 136 effects, 44, 163-185, 208, 304,

308, 310, 311, 318-320, 324, 382

indices, indicator species, 169, 180

studies, 163 thermal, 182 metastasis, 171 zones, 166, 167, 171, 173,

174, 177 of maximal pollution, 166,

173, 174 subnormal, 166, 170, 173-

177 Polymorphism, 335, 336, 337,

342 Posidonia beds, 22, 27, 68, 183 Potential reproductive, 95 Poverty of Mediterranean, 6, 42,

198, 202, 205, 282 Predation on meiofauna, 94

and meiofauna populations, 94 Productivity index, 255, 256,

272 Production, 8, 305, 308, 232

benthic, 34, 161 of communities, 232, 244, 245,

272

SUBJECT INDEX

Production (continued) of meiobenthos, 95-97 methodology, 305, 308 palaeontological, 159, 161 primary, 8, 33, 213-229, 231,

232, 245, 247, 248, 253, 255, 272, 282

and temperature, 96 vertical distribution, 252-255

Provinces,regions mediterranean, 4, 7,77-81,204,378, 379

Atlantic, 78 Black Sea, 11, 78 eastern Mediterranean, 7 Lessepsian, 7, 80, 81 Lusitanian, 78, 81 Mauritanian, 78 Pontic, 79, 81 Red Sea, 7 Senegalian, 7

Pycnocline, 253, 272

Radiation adaptive autochthonous, 347, 351-357

"Refuse areas", 5, 294 Relations phylogenetic, 76 Relicts, 2, 203, 363 Renewal time of Mediterranean, 116 Richness of Mediterranean, quanti-

tative, 33 specific, 32

Salinity crisis (see also cr1S1S Messinianr:-2~ 196

and distribution, 11, 13 fluctuations, 117, 201 and life history, 337, 338 and morphology, 339, 340, 341

Salt layers, 161, 196 Sapropel deposits, 120, 133 Sarmatian Sea (see also Paratethys),

199, 200, 201 Sedimentation of Mediterranean,

120, 165, 166, 172, 178, 184

Sediments, substrates and animal, distribution, 13, 20

carbon content, 119, 120 biogenic, 115

405

Sediments, substrates and ani-mal distribution (con-tinued)

deep, 116 mediterranean, 114, 115 Nile deposits, 115 rocky, 116 perturbation, 178, 179

Segregation ecological, 215 of phytoplankton, 214, 260,

264 Selection, 339, 353 Sex ratio, 334 Silicate concentration, 254 Silt black layers, 198 Speciation, 5, 11,50, 54, 75,

76, 77, 80, 294, 333, 335, 336, 352, 353, 356, 357, 359, 362

Species, fauna, abundance, 168 allochthonous, 363 atlantic, 2, 5, 52, 55, 196,

202, 202, 205, 347, 348,351, 352, 359

arctic, 367, 369 autochthonous, 7, 362 bipolar, 50 boreal, 52, 53, 55, 125, 199,

205, 294, 359 circumtropical, 50, 51 congeneric, 217 cosmopolitan, 30, 334 endemic, 2, 4, 5, 7, 32, 35,

43, 50, 53-84, 125-127, 138, 197, 198, 200, 204, 294, 303, 351, 369, 373, 382

Ascidiacea, 71 asteroids, 67 cetaceans, 71 crinoids, 66, 67 decapods, 71 echinoderms, 66-81 echinoids, 67 fishes, 58-66 Gorgonaria, 71 Hemichordata, 71 holothuroids, 66, 67 Hydroidea, 71 Madreporaria, 72

406

Species, fauna, abundance (conti-nued)

endemic (continued) Nudibranchia, 72 ophiuroids, 67 Polychaeta, 71 Porifera, 71

expansion, 13 extinction, 14 fossil, 199, 206 incipient, 334 indicators, 292-380 indopacific, 51, 53, 55, 201-

204, 206, 351, 360, 369 neoendemic, 53, 74, 81

"sensu lato", 58, 61., 62, 72, 78, 80

"sensu stricto", 57, 58, 75, 78, 80

paleoendemic, 53, 74, 81 Ponto-Caspian, 199, 201, 205,

207, recruitment, 13 regression, 169 relicts, 2, 3, 51, 64, 196,

203, 207, 294 Sarmatian (Paratethysian) , 4,

200,201,205 seasonal variations, 290 sibling, 334 subspecies, endemic, 60, 61, 63 subtropical, 3, 4, 202, 203,

295, 351 sympatric, 79, 355 temperate, 3, 5, 52, 196, 204,

295, 358 tropical, 3, 8, 10, 52, 53, 55,

196, 206, 294, 358, 359 Temperature,of deep water, 116,

117 and distribution, 11, 13,91,

92 and ecosystems, 11 fluctuations, 10, 198, 201 and meiobenthos, 92 and reproduction, 11,92,93,

94, 96 and seasonal fluctuations, 92

Tertiary fauna, 204 Tethys Sea, 2,51,53,73, 120,

SUBJECT INDEX

Tethys Sea (continued) 195, 196, 204-206, 209, 294, 363,377

Tethysian fauna, 2-4, 196, 198, 201, 204, 206, 209,363

relicts (see also species re-licts)-;-sT, 203

Thermocline, 147, 153,215-217, 221, 222, 228, 233, 235, 247, 250, 251, 253

"Trottoir" or "Corniche" forma-tions, 24

Upwelling, 119, 216, 222, 223, 226, 227,279, 291, 292

Variety (see diversity) Vicariance;-l, 5, 8, 54

Water deep circulation, 116, 118, 120

deficit of Mediterranean, 117, 379

fertile, 214 movement and distribution, 12,

13 Wobling, 223 Woodborers, 154

Zones, 20, 22, 39 abyssal, 41 azoic, 13 7, 203 bathylittoral, 40, 41 circalittoral, 29

and pollution, 182, 183 infralittoral, 25

and pollution, 182, 183 mediolittoral, 23 supralittoral, 22 of transition, 37

Zoogeography (see Biogeography) Zooplankton, 279-331

biomass, 306-309, 311, 312, 314, 318, 319, 320

communities, 279, 290-293, 286-289, 306-311, 314-318,320,321,323

cycles, 309, 310, 319, 322 of deep waters, 293

SUBJECT INDEX 407

Zooplankton (continued) macroplankton, 286 mediterranean,and Black Sea, 316,

317 and Red Sea, 312, 313

microplankton, 286 migration, 293, 294 techniques, 280