Conversion of Conversion of Parts of SpeechParts of Speech

词性转换词性转换

Major Types of Major Types of ConversionsConversions

1.1. Noun Noun → → VerbVerb

2.2. Preposition Preposition → → VerbVerb

3.3. N. N. ↔ Adj.↔ Adj.

4.4. Adj. Adj. ↔ Adv.↔ Adv.

1.1. Rockets have found Rockets have found applicationapplication for for the the explorationexploration of the universe. of the universe.

2.2. An An acquaintanceacquaintance of world history is of world history is helpful to the helpful to the studystudy of current affairs. of current affairs.

Nouns Derived from VerbsNouns Derived from Verbs

3.3. Laser is one of the most sensational Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent year, developments in recent year, because of its because of its applicabilityapplicability to many to many fields of science and its fields of science and its adaptabilityadaptability to practical uses. to practical uses.

4.4. The The isolationisolation of the rural world, of the rural world, because of distance and the because of distance and the lacklack of of transport facilities, is compounded transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information by the paucity of the information media. media.

5.5. A commonplace A commonplace criticismcriticism of of American culture is its excessive American culture is its excessive preoccupationpreoccupation with material goods with material goods and corresponding and corresponding neglectneglect of the of the human spirit. human spirit.

6.6. A A fallfall into the pit, a into the pit, a gaingain in your wit. in your wit.

7.7. His real mission in life was to contribute, in His real mission in life was to contribute, in one way or another, to the one way or another, to the overthrowoverthrow of of capitalist society. capitalist society.

Noun/verb same in formNoun/verb same in form

8.8. Consumer Consumer educationeducation on the wise on the wise useuse of credit and financial planning of credit and financial planning will promote responsible card will promote responsible card usageusage..

9.9. I was just about to make a little I was just about to make a little bowbow of of assentassent, when the meaning of the , when the meaning of the last words sank in, jolting me out of last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie. my sad reverie.

10.10.Ever since she took office, Japan’s Ever since she took office, Japan’s “Iron Lady” has been the “Iron Lady” has been the targettarget of of leaksleaks from within her own Foreign from within her own Foreign Ministry, and vicious Ministry, and vicious attacksattacks in the in the Japanese media. Japanese media.

11.11.A A glanceglance through his office window through his office window offers a panoramic view of the offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. Lincoln Memorial. 从办公室的从办公室的窗户朝外望去，你可以看见华盛顿纪念碑窗户朝外望去，你可以看见华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂的全貌。和林肯纪念堂的全貌。

Sense-Related NounsSense-Related Nouns

12.12.No wonder the No wonder the sightsight of it should of it should send the memories of quite a send the memories of quite a number of people of the old number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago.generation back 36 years ago.

毫无疑问，一看到这一切，很多老一辈的毫无疑问，一看到这一切，很多老一辈的人会回忆起人会回忆起 3636 年前的往事。年前的往事。

13.13.An idiot An idiot hopehope struck me that they struck me that they might think I withdrew my money might think I withdrew my money from the bank because the bank from the bank because the bank clerk had insulted me.clerk had insulted me.

14.14.This poor Boston boy (Franklin), This poor Boston boy (Franklin), with scarcely a day’s with scarcely a day’s schoolingschooling, , became became mastermaster of six languages of six languages and never stopped learning.and never stopped learning.

Gerund Functioning as NounGerund Functioning as Noun

15.15.Like the Like the replacementreplacement of its old of its old buildings with skyscrapers and the buildings with skyscrapers and the wideningwidening of two-lane roads into of two-lane roads into superhighways, china is instituting superhighways, china is instituting massive financial reform to foster massive financial reform to foster growth and development.growth and development.

Sum-upSum-up

• Four kinds of nouns are Four kinds of nouns are converted into verbs in converted into verbs in translation processtranslation process

A.A. Nouns derived from verbsNouns derived from verbs

B.B. Nouns and verbs same in spellingNouns and verbs same in spelling

C.C. Sense-related nounsSense-related nouns

D.D. GerundGerund （（ V-ing) functioning as V-ing) functioning as nounnoun

VerbVerb → → NounNoun(( 汉英汉英 ))

a.a. 坚持坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。 基础和前提。 Adherence to the One-China Adherence to the One-China principle is the basis and principle is the basis and prerequisite for peaceful prerequisite for peaceful reunification.reunification.

b.b. 中国中国加入加入世贸组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世贸组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新活力。世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新活力。

• China’s entry into WTO will instill China’s entry into WTO will instill new vitality into the economic new vitality into the economic growth of China, Asia and other growth of China, Asia and other countries and regions of the world.countries and regions of the world.

c.c. 得益于改革开放政策的贯彻实施，我们的得益于改革开放政策的贯彻实施，我们的综合国立有了显著提高。综合国立有了显著提高。

d.d. 讲按劳分配，无非是多劳多得，少劳少得，讲按劳分配，无非是多劳多得，少劳少得，不劳不得。不劳不得。

16.16.LikeLike father, father, likelike son. son. 有其父，必有其子。有其父，必有其子。

17.17.He thought lie He thought lie beneathbeneath him. him. 他根本不屑于说谎。他根本不屑于说谎。

18.18.A good cadre must be A good cadre must be aboveabove bribery. bribery. 好干部应该拒绝接受贿赂。好干部应该拒绝接受贿赂。

Prep. Prep. →V.→V.

19.19.Party officials worked long hours Party officials worked long hours onon insufficient food, insufficient food, inin cold caves, cold caves, byby dim lights. dim lights. 党的干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒党的干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。

20.20.Women long Women long forfor a say over their a say over their future, future, forfor a job worthy of their a job worthy of their ability and ability and forfor equal status with equal status with men. men.

21.21.Any woman Any woman withwith fair chances and fair chances and withoutwithout an absolute hump an absolute hump （驼背） （驼背） may MARRY WHOM SHE LIKES. may MARRY WHOM SHE LIKES.

Vanity FairVanity Fair

22.22.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us……the great task remaining before us……that government that government ofof the people, the people, byby the the people and people and forfor the people, shall not the people, shall not perish from the earth. perish from the earth. Abraham Lincoln: Gettysburg AddressAbraham Lincoln: Gettysburg Address

• 我们应该做的是献身于他们遗留给我们的伟大任我们应该做的是献身于他们遗留给我们的伟大任务务……我们这个民有、民治、民享的政府将永世长我们这个民有、民治、民享的政府将永世长存。 存。

23.23.The victory ofThe victory of justice justice overover arbitrary arbitrary acts; of reason acts; of reason overover decadence and decadence and blindness, of democracy blindness, of democracy overover imperialism, of good imperialism, of good overover evil, our evil, our victory of 25 October will represent victory of 25 October will represent one of the glorious pages of our one of the glorious pages of our history, and we shall be able to history, and we shall be able to leave it to our heirs.leave it to our heirs.

24.24.Hard facts have shown the Hard facts have shown the objectivity, correctness and objectivity, correctness and feasibility of the report. feasibility of the report. 无可辩无可辩驳的事实已经证明这个报告是客观，正确，驳的事实已经证明这个报告是客观，正确，而且是可行的。而且是可行的。

N. N. →Adj.→Adj.

25.25.He was still more surprised at the He was still more surprised at the singularity of the stranger’s singularity of the stranger’s appearance. appearance. 更让他感到吃惊的是这更让他感到吃惊的是这位陌生人与众不同的外表。位陌生人与众不同的外表。

26.26.There was no haste or restlessness There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised in his manner but a poised friendliness. friendliness. 他从容不迫，和蔼他从容不迫，和蔼可亲。可亲。

27.27.Between the Between the darknessdarkness of earth and of earth and heaven sheheaven she （（ the boatthe boat ）） was was burning fiercely upon a disc of burning fiercely upon a disc of purple sea shot by the blood-red purple sea shot by the blood-red play of gleams… play of gleams…

Joseph Conrad: YouthJoseph Conrad: Youth

28.28.If it had not been for the If it had not been for the quietnessquietness of his movements, for the general of his movements, for the general sobernesssoberness of his demeanor, one of his demeanor, one would have given him credit for a would have given him credit for a fiercely passionate nature. fiercely passionate nature. Joseph Conrad: The Joseph Conrad: The Black MateBlack Mate

29.29.I’ve often wondered, in the years since, I’ve often wondered, in the years since, whether I made the right choice.whether I made the right choice.

这些年来，我一直在怀疑，我是否做出了正确的这些年来，我一直在怀疑，我是否做出了正确的选择。选择。

30.30.We place the highest value on our friendly We place the highest value on our friendly relationship with developing countries.relationship with developing countries.

我们最为珍视和发展中国家的友好关系。我们最为珍视和发展中国家的友好关系。

Adj. Adj. ↔ Adv.↔ Adv.

31.31.Little by little, they went along the entire Little by little, they went along the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean, making careful coast of the Arctic Ocean, making careful observation on the way.observation on the way.

32.32.Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.by the destruction of the drug itself.

33.33.His success was so His success was so repeatedrepeated that that the envious and the defeated spoke the envious and the defeated spoke with bitterness regarding him.with bitterness regarding him.

34.34.Independent observers have commented Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. in this direction. 独立观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成独立观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了积极的评价。就给予了积极的评价。

35.35.The volume of trade has increased The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both tremendously to the advantage of both countries. countries. 贸贸易的巨增给两国带来了益处。易的巨增给两国带来了益处。

AppreciationAppreciation

译文赏析译文赏析

Of StudiesOf Studies －－ Francis BaconFrancis Bacon

• Studies serve Studies serve forfor delightdelight, , forfor ornamentornament, , and and forfor abilityability. Their chief use for delight, is . Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability is in the in discourse; and for ability is in the judgementjudgement and and dispositiondisposition of business. of business.

•读书足以怡情，足以傅采，足以长才。其怡情也，读书足以怡情，足以傅采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅采也，最见于高谈阔最见于独处幽居之时；其傅采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

• For expert men can execute, and For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general one; but the general counselscounsels, and the , and the plotsplots and and marshallingmarshalling of affairs, come of affairs, come best from those that are learned.best from those that are learned.

•练达之士虽能处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵练达之士虽能处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

The Secret Sharer The Secret Sharer — — Joseph ConradJoseph Conrad

• On my right hand there were lines of fishing On my right hand there were lines of fishing stakes stakes resemblingresembling a mysterious system of a mysterious system of half-submerged bamboo fences, half-submerged bamboo fences, incomprehensibleincomprehensible in its in its divisiondivision of the of the domain of tropical fishes, and domain of tropical fishes, and crazycrazy of of aspectaspect as if as if abandonedabandoned forever by some forever by some nomad tribes of fishermen now nomad tribes of fishermen now gonegone to the to the other end of the ocean; for there was other end of the ocean; for there was no no signsign of human habitation as far as the eye of human habitation as far as the eye could reach.could reach.

• On my right hand there were lines of On my right hand there were lines of fishing stakes fishing stakes resemblingresembling a mysterious a mysterious system of half-submerged bamboo system of half-submerged bamboo fences, fences, incomprehensibleincomprehensible in its in its divisiondivision of the domain of tropical fishes,of the domain of tropical fishes,

• 在我的右手边是几行钓鱼在我的右手边是几行钓鱼用的用的桩子，看上去桩子，看上去像像是是半隐半现的竹篱笆半隐半现的竹篱笆布下布下的神秘方阵，你的神秘方阵，你猜不猜不透透它们如何它们如何划分划分热带鱼出没的区域。热带鱼出没的区域。

• and and crazycrazy of of aspectaspect as if as if abandonedabandoned forever by some nomad tribes of forever by some nomad tribes of fishermen now fishermen now gonegone to the other end of to the other end of the ocean; for there was the ocean; for there was no signno sign of of human habitation as far as the eye could human habitation as far as the eye could reach.reach.

• 这些桩子这些桩子散乱的分布散乱的分布着，似乎是被某个已着，似乎是被某个已迁徙迁徙到到大洋彼岸的渔猎部落永远地大洋彼岸的渔猎部落永远地遗弃遗弃在那儿了，因为，在那儿了，因为，在我视线所及之处在我视线所及之处看不见看不见一丝人迹。一丝人迹。

Rip Van WinkleRip Van Winkle• he was, moreover, a kind neighbor, and an he was, moreover, a kind neighbor, and an

obedient obedient hen-peckedhen-pecked husband. husband. ……those men those men are most apt to be obsequious(are most apt to be obsequious(奉承奉承 ) and ) and conciliating(conciliating(讨好讨好 ) ) abroadabroad, who are under the , who are under the disciplinediscipline of shrews at home. Their tempers, of shrews at home. Their tempers, doubtless, are rendered pliant(doubtless, are rendered pliant(顺从顺从 ) and ) and malleable(malleable( 可锻可锻 ) in the ) in the fiery furnacefiery furnace of of domestic tribulation, and a curtain lecture is domestic tribulation, and a curtain lecture is worth all the sermons in the world for worth all the sermons in the world for teaching teaching the virtuesthe virtues of patience and long-suffering. of patience and long-suffering.

But as he (Abraham Lincoln) grew But as he (Abraham Lincoln) grew older, he studied law in his spare older, he studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was time and became a lawyer. He was a good speaker and a good speaker and studentstudent of of political philosophy.political philosophy.

ExercisesExercises