CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS : PARALELYAPILAR

Bu balalar iki paradan oluurlar ve cmledeki farkl eleri (isim,fiil,sfat,zarf,edat)birbirleriyle ilikilendirirler. Her iki paray da cmlenin farkl yerlerinde kullanmanzgerekir. Paralel yaplarda baladnz iki e birbirine paralel olmaldr. Yani elerden birifiil ise dieri de fiil olmal, ya da elerden biri sfat ise dieri de sfat olmal. Paralel yaplarolarak adlandrdmz bu balalar kelimeleri, fikirleri, cmleleri ve paragraflar balamannen kolay yoludur. Bu yaplar puan kazanmann da en kolay yoludur. Paralel yaplarda basithata yapp puan kaybetmek de ok kolaydr. Tavsiyem paralel yaplar ok iyi renmenizve essaylerinizde mutlaka (doru) kullanmanz ynndedir.

1.both and : hem hem de

Both and paralel yaps hem zne hem de nesne pozisyonunda kullanlabilir:

Both Ali and Aye enjoy watching movies. (zne pozisyonunda kullanm)

Ali enjoys both sci-fi and sit-com TV shows. (Nesne pozisyonunda kullanm)

Paralel yaplar kullanrken zne-fiil uyumuna dikkat etmeniz gerekir:

Hata: Both the wrestling and weightlifting team has one common goal.

Dorusu: Both the wrestling and weightlifting teams have one common goal.

Paralel yaplar kullanrken elerin uyumuna dikkat etmeniz gerekir:

Hata: My room is both beatiful and has a lot of space. (both+sfat ve and+fiil paralellii

bozmaktadr)

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Dorusu: My room is both beatiful and spacious. (sfat+sfat)

Dorusu: My room is beautiful, and it has a lot of space. (ki cmleyi bir coordinatingconjunction (fanboys) ile balayabilirsiniz. Ancak yine paralellie dikkat edin ve virglunutmayn.)

Hata: We can find the ruins of The Byzantine Empire both in Turkey and atGreece.

Dorusu: We can find the ruins of The Byzantine Empire both in Turkey and inGreece.

Hata: The international community has to bring in emergency aid, both in the form offood supplies and in technical assistance.

Dorusu: The international community has to bring in emergency aid, both in the form offood supplies and of technical assistance. (in the form of technical assistance yaps dadorudur. Zaten in the form ortak olduu iin kullanlmayabilir)

2.not only but also : sadece bu deil ayn zamanda bu da

Fiilin tekil veya oul olduunu fiile yakn olan ismin tekil veya oul olmasbelirler:

Not only my parents, but also my sister is fond of the new living arrangements.

Not only my sister, but also my parents are fond of the new living arrangements.

Not only but also balacn farkl ekilde kurgulayabilirsiniz:

Like the French Revolution, the Eastern European revolutions brought down not only aregime, but also an empire.

Like the French Revolution, the Eastern European revolutions brought down not only aregime, but an empire as well.

Like the French Revolution, the Eastern European revolutions brought down not only a

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regime, but an empire.

Ortak olan zneyi tekrarlamadan iki cmleyi sadece fiille balayabilirsiniz:

Steve Jobs, widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computerrevolution, not only led the way but also became the most influential model of success.

Fiillerin uyumuna zellikle dikkat etmeniz gerekir:

Hata: Many people are not only driving with one hand, but also talk on their cell phones.

Dorusu: Many people are not only driving with one hand, but also talking on their cellphones.

Paralel yap ierisinde sralama yapabilirsiniz:

In the 1930s, not only novelists, poets and dramatists, but also many athor people weredisillusioned by the reality of World War I.

Paralel yaplar baz balalarla birlikte kullanabilirsiniz:

He was fired not only because of his tardiness, but also because of his disloyalty.

Not only cmle banda kullanldnda devrik yap (soru cmlesi gibi) kullanlr:

Normal yap: They robbed not only the their house, but also the house next door.

Normal yap: They not only robbed the house, but also left a thank you note.

Devrik yap: Not only did they rob the house, but they also left a thank you note.

3.either or : ya ya da

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rnek kullanmlar:

-The various materials we see around us are either sunstances or mixture of substances.

-Most studies have addressed either malignant tumours such as glioma, orbenigntumours such as meningioma or acoustic neuroma.

Fiilin tekil veya oul olduunu fiile yakn olan ismin tekil veya oul olmasbelirler:

Either Ali or his two roommates are responsible for the dent on the closet.

Either his two roommates or Ali is responsible for the dent on the closet.

elerin uyumuna dikkat edin:

Hata: You can either book your flight by phone or by e-mail. (eitherdan sonra fiil var,ordan sonra ise isim)

Dorusu: You can book your flight either by phone or by e-mail. (her ikisinde de isimkullanlmtr)

Paralel yaplar baz balalarla birlikte kullanabilirsiniz:

Either because of his limited face-to-face communication or because he thought hiscommunication should be recorded in more permanent form, the caveman eventuallybegan to draw his message on the wall of the cave.

4.neither nor : ne ne de

rnek kullanmlar:

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Some vegetarians eat neither meat nor dairy products.

The influence on the artists and the intellectuals of the time was neither social norscientific, but political.

elerin uyumuna dikkat edin:

Hata: Neither a money withdrawal nor making a payment is possible without your debitcard.

Dorusu: Neither a money withdrawal nor a payment is possible without your debit card.

Dorusu: Neither withdrawing money nor making a payment is possible without yourdebit card.

Fiilin tekil veya oul olduunu fiile yakn olan ismin tekil veya oul olmasbelirler:

Neither Ali nor his classmates are going to the party.

Neither his classmates nor Ali is going to the party.

Neither ve Either kullanmlar:

Neither student (tekil isim) is (tekil fiil) studious.

Either student (tekil isim) is (tekil fiil) diligent.

Neither of the students (oul isim) is (tekil fiil) studious.

Either of the students (oul isim) is (tekil fiil) diligent.

Olumsuz cmle: I dont like golf.

Cevap: Neither do I. (Ben de)

Cevap: I dont either. (Ben de)

rnek kullanmlar:

-Both dyslexia and dyscalculia defy easy explanation. Neither disorder is the result of faullyeyesight or hearing, both of which can also delay language acquisiton but are easilycorrected.

-I dont know why but I have a craving for sweets, so Ill have them both not only thechocolate-raspberry smoothie but also white chocolate cheesecake.

5.whether or : olup olmadn / olsun veya olmasn / olsa da olmasa da

Whether bala (conditional) olarak kullanlrsa or not genelde atlamaz, isimcmleciklerinde (naun clause) ise whether ile birlikte or not kullanmak isteebaldr:

I will go on vacation whether she comes or not. (Conitional)

I dont know whether she will come with me (or not). (Naun clause)

If-whether kullanm fark:

I would like to know if it is a fact or a lie. (If balac art sunar.)

I would like to know whether it is a fact or a lie. (whether balac art sunar ve alternatifverir. Ayrca daha formal ve daha yaygn kullanmdr.

Informal kullanm: I would like to know whether or not its a fact.

Hatal kullanm: I would like to know if or not its a fact.

I wont forgive her whether she apologizes or not.

I wont forgive her even if she apologizes. (Anlam olarak whether-or not ile even ifbalalar ok yakndr; ancak, even if balacndan sonra or not kullanlmaz)

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wonder-question-doubt-ask-see-be-know-learn-say-understand-discuss-sure- gibikelimeler ile whether balacn tercih edin:

I wonder whether it will rain (or not).

The question is whether youll agree (or not).

Im not sure whether we should accept the offer (or not).

Noun clause yapsnda sadece whether cmle banda kullanlr:

Whether you live or die is not their main concern.

Whether he will sign the contract is not certain yet.

Whether he will sign the contract or not is not certain yet.

Whether or not he will sign the contract is not certain yet.

Edatlardan sonra sadece whether kullanlr:

There is a dispute among scientists as to whether human parts should be cloned. (as to :with regard to/with respect to.)

Your doubts as to whether the claims are true or not are needless.

The company has yet to answer the question of whether it approved the document.

The financial manager makes the decision on whether new equipment needs to bepurchased.

People must claim their rights regardless of whether politicans like it.

Many worry about whether they will be taken into custody for claiming their rights.

Infinitive yap (to Vo) sadece whether ile kullanlr:

He cannot decide whether to buy it now or wait for the sales.

6.as as : kadar

As as paralel yaps olumlu cmlelerde iki e arasnda eitlik olduunu gsterir.

as + sfatn yaln hali + as :

Ali is as old as Veli. (Eitlik olduu iin Veli is as old as Ali cmlesiyle ayn anlamdadr.)

as + zarfn yaln hali + as :

Ali drives as carefully as Veli. (Eitlik olduu iin Veli drives as carefully as Alicmlesiyle ayn anlamdadr.)

As as paralel yaps olumsuz cmlelerde iki e arasnda eitsizlik olduunu gsterir. Budurumda asas yaps yerine soas yapsn da kullanabiliriz.

Olumsuz + as + sfatn yaln hali + as :

Ali is not as old as Veli. (Ali is not so old as Veli ya da Veli is older cmleleri de aynanlama gelir. Olumsuz cmlelerde elerin yerlerini deitirirseniz anlam da deiir: Veli isnot as old as Ali cmlesinde daha yal olan Alidir.)

You look tired at least not as energetic as usual.

Olumsuz + as + zarfn yaln hali + as :

Ali does not drive as carefully as Veli. (Ali does not drive so carefully as Veli ya da Velidrives more carefully than Ali cmleleri de ayn anlama gelir. Olumsuz cmlelerde elerinyerlerini deitirirseniz anlam da deiir: Veli does not drive as carefully as Ali cmlesindedaha dikkatli olan Alidir.)

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You are talking pretty fast at least not as slowly as you usually do.

Miktar ifadeleriyle beraber kullanlabilir:

as many as ifadesini genelde rakam ve oul isim takip eder

Our body as many as 4 bottles of water every day.

The classroom seats as many as 15 students.

We need to seat as many students as possible.

There are as many people who can speak English as Chinese.

The laboratories in MIT are twice as many as the ones in Harvard.

as much as ifadesini genelde saylamayan isimler takip eder. Ancak zaman, para,mesafe, arlk veya saylamayan ktlelerle de miktara vurgu yapt srece as much askullanlabilir.

I like football as much as the next guy.

The money she saved was as much as her brothers.

She saved as much money as her brother.

Because of his income, he spends half as much money as his peers.

It can take as much as 3 days to get across Turkey by bus.

Some people can spend as much as ten thousand dollars on everyday clothes. (as much asyerine up to ifadesini de kullanabilirsiniz)

as far as ifadesini fikir ve referans vermek iin kullanabilirsiniz. Geneldeknow,understand, tell, go, be concerned fiillerinden nce kullanlrlar.

As far as Im concerned, the second one is a much better choice. (fikir)

As far as I know, he wont be able to make it to the party. (fikir)

As far as I can tell, she doesnt want to come to the party.(fikir/tahmin)

As far as art is concerned, Berlin is a place to see. (referans: sanat sz konusuolduunda)

As far as social reasons are concerned,

As far as an invitation list for the party, I havent given much thought. (fiilsiz dekullanabilirsiniz; ancak, bu konuma dili iin daha geerlidir. Essaylerinizde cmle tercihinizfiilli olsun: As far as an invitation list for the party is concerned, I havent given muchthought.)

nearly/nowhere near/quite miktar ifadeleriyle kullanm:

Turkey isnt nearly as big as China. (in ok daha byk)

Turkey is nowhere near as big as China. ( in ok daha byk, kyas bile edilemez)

My car isnt quite as fast as hers. (hz yakn ama onunki kadar hzl deil)

the same as ifadesi iki enin ayn olduu durumlarda kullanlr.

This car is the same as that one. The only difference is the price.

This car is the same as the one I wanted to buy.

7.just as so : tpk gibi da

Just as cmle banda kullanldnda genelde so ile paralellik kurar:

Just as he is an infamous leader, so is his son.

Just as he is an infamous leader, so too is his son. (paralellii glendirmek iin tooekelnebilir)

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Cmle ortasnda kullanldnda Just as paralellik iin yeterlidir:

The economy of Venezuela depends heavily on exporting oil, just as the economy ofUnited States depends on petroleum imports.

Quantum theory specifies new rules for describing the universe, just as it has introducednew ways of thinking about matter and energy.

Just as yerine Just like ifadesi de kullanlabilir:

Just like daha informal kullanmdr ve dolaysyla konuma diline daha uygundur.

Just like his father is an infamous leader, so is he.

He is an infamous leader, just like his father.

Just as zaman balac olarak da kullanlabilir.

ki olayn ayn anda olduunu belirtmek iin kullanlan while ve as balalaryla eanlamldr. Ancak e anlamllarna kyasla daha fazla aciliyet (tam bir ey yaplyorkenbaka bir ey oldu) bildirir.

Just as the phrase just as can be used as a corelative conjuction to show similaritybetween two structures, it can also be used as a subordinating conjunction todemonstrate that two events take place at the same time. (bu rnekte benzerlie iareteden paralel yapdr)

Just as I was walking out the door, I realized I forgot to turn off the oven. (bu rnektezaman balac olarak kullanlmtr)

Just as I was finalizing my order on the website, I got disconnected.

8.The more the more : ne kadar o kadar

Bir e arttka veya azaldka dier enin artmas veya azalmas durumlar arasnda

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paralellik kurmak iin kullanlr.

The more you study, the more likely you will pass the test.

The more bread, the more meatballs.

9.so that / such that : o kadar ki

Bu iki paralel yap sebep-sonu veya etki-tepki ilikisi kurmak iin kullanlr.

The book wassoexciting (sebep/eki) thatI couldnt wait to finish it (sonu/tepki).

It was such an exciting book (sebep/eki) thatI couldnt wait to finish it(sonu/tepki).

So + sfat/zarf + that

The book was so exciting that I couldnt wait to finish it.

She was so tired that she fell asleep as soon as she went to bed.

Native speakers can speak so quickly that English learners find it hard to understand them.

She has so much homework that she doesnt know what to do.

Such + (a/an) + (sfat) + isim that

She had such taste that eventually she became a food critic.

Dogs are such clever animals that they are used in the police task force.

He is such a friend that I can always count on him.

It was such an exciting book that I couldnt wait to finish it.

It was such a tiring day that she fell asleep as soon as she went to bed.

She has such a lot of homework that she doesnt know what to do.

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10.no sooner than / hardly when : olur olmaz / demeye kalmadan / olmasyla olmas bir oldu

no sooner than ile hardly veya scarcely when yaplar zaman balac gibikullanlrlar ve iki eylem arasnda geen srenin ok ksa olduunu vurgularlar. Bubalamda as soon as ile e anlaml kalplardr. Genelde past tense ile, zellikle pastperfect (had + V3) ile kullanlrlar. Hardly ile e anlaml olan barely ve scarcely kelimeleride kullanlr ve paralel yap yine when ile devam eder. Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken konuthan ile when kelimelerinin yerlerini kartrmamaktr.

I had no sooner gone to bed than the doorbell rang. (Cmle ortas normal yap)

No sooner had I gone to bed than the doorbell rang. (Cmle ba devrik yap)

I had hardly gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ortas normal yap)

Hardly had I gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ba devrik yap)

I had scarcely gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ortas normal yap)

Scarcely had I gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ba devrik yap)

I had barely gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ortas normal yap)

Barely had I gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ba devrik yap)

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