5
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS.VOL.]6,U1303,doillO.1029/2009 A躍一cb Coseismic su由ce-r叩tures a醜{l crustal defbrma髄ons of We皿chua皿earth“uake伽7.9,China Ken Xianshcng Hao,l Hon幻un Si,2Himyuki F切iwam,1and Taku OzawaI R㏄civd28Fじbn」田γ20印9:冊viscd24Ap-12009;accoμ甜28Ap州200glpubli画甜4Ju口02009. [1] Th¢iπegu12rly dis“ibu田d su血ce f五ult-njp賦s of凸c Wcnchuaηea亘hquakc sp乱nηed over200km aloηg the Longmen Shan(LMS)fault zone.Through ficld inves士lgati・ns,wc%undovcr10coseismicsu曲cc一 四pしures,witb maximum vertical disp]acoments of approxima回y6m on the Yingxiu-Beichuan f加1t and2m oηtheGu既nxian-Anxian飽ultlhowever,thee而re無口1t mp血removcmcntwasstillnotclcarlyundc揺to・dsincc highωP・gmphica毘齢wcrcinacccssible.Th鵬,wcused inte㎡セromet㎡c synthetic apc畑rc mdar(InSAR}s乱teUitc obse四ations to cap田r廿wholc cogeismic s㎜伍ce-mpm肥s a月d cmstal defbηnatioηs across the LMS魚口1旙.We㎝eated a novcl bi一色ulトslip modcl to i口vc質f赴山一slips using IロSAR infbnηation which yielded that thnlst fゑult-slips were dominant at YingXiu、Houshenggou and B勾iaomiao ln thone借一epiccntcr肥9mem,whi]ethedc漁1伍ult-slips were dom{nan虚at Piτ1gto”g an通Nanba aIoηg tho no性hcast gegmcnし、Thccombinati。n。f行cldinvcsdgati・nsand SimUlat{・nSSUg9㏄ted出atthe幅COSdSmiC伽1しZ・neS n」P㈱d with an iπegular su㎡蟄ce dis出butioηaccompanicd by crus舳i defb㎜a“ons. Ci‘』60n: Hao, K、 X_ H. Si。 H.Fujiwaτa,alld T、Ozawa(1GO9),Co肥i馴mic su君hccイr」PLU毘s and cru“aI {セronηa【ions o「 山e 20{)8 Wcllchuan oar口1quake 〃w・7.9,(rhina、σ酬]ρ∫りr5.Rε暫.Lα’.,36,LIBO3,doi=IO.1029/ 2009GLO37971. 1. 1■亡roduc亡ion [21The Mw7.9Wenchuan ea仙quakc of May l2,2008 0㏄urredon the northeastcm一面killg Longmon Shan(LMS〕 飽u1的heneath the steep eastem edge of the T沁e撫ηPlateau・ Thco・sclsmicmp眈sandcms由1dc拓皿ation・ccuπod over a lcngth of290km along thc LMS thrust belt.Ovcr 87,000peoplewe肥τeported dead oTmissingaηd morethan 370,000呵ur巳d.Limc aロcl面on was paid to thc LMS fゑul的 regardingP・しentia11ys伽gca貢hquakesin1。ng-temle甜h- quakcpn。didi。瑚。、9、,衛κ9副〃飢1993=伽9σ’・A・ 19951.Although no exしraordinaりr ear伽quakes were 下ccoωed,the LMS飴ults werc specu1蹴d to stiU be active thr・ughvari。us罰ndingss・chasthe。ccuπcnce・fa H・bcenc則pture[βμ雌1}dσωA,19951κ’吻回ρ’・} 200318即吻1ε’,20041Dε’,側。’マピ’4L、20071・ [3】 The complicated and Iarge gcale rup枕res of the“ロake causod tragic dam“gcs,as wcll as mised scientific in【erests inscism・1。gyandtcc吐・nics、andncc臨i包tc“then副飾r コNaLionu1R煕arc旧矧itロしotbr㎞SciC”oc㎜一1)is御世rP階㎝tion. Tgukuba,」珊㎜、 2K。アoKoika㎞EngineehngIn・.、Tokyo,Jap卸. Copy嘱hロ009byth6Am・一cnn(3eophysimIUni侃 0094-827σ09/200ウGLO37971$05.00 immediatc dc的i]ed field investigations、ARer invcstlgations准bng the h㎝vily d乱maged-be穐 免ults.wc conHmned over10coscismic sur伽c invoMng a口east two long鉛ult zoncs,11- [正面。 e’8A,2008a、2008b,A preliminaりr{nvcstig 出ecoseismicsu血ce-nlp血eslbrWヒnchuan 12May2008、Sichuan,China,paper p㎎sente World Con色n¢nce on Eadhqロakc Enginccrin 20081.Each mphlrc spot wns tmced over scvcr [』梅 ¢’ ロA,2008; L∫ e’ dL腎 20081, bLlt the 陀1ationsh be榊ecn山cse i口dividual恥ロ1トs[ip bcations nnd th nlpt㍑system abng[ho LMS伽h was sdll un detailedsu血ccinfbrmationatonga“oft 祀gions was“i稲cultand time coηsuming to co11 罰dd invcstigations due to the inaccc鮒ibiliりr of topognaphic ar¢a. F{nit¢ 臣u]t inversions 什om 伍r一 wavefb下m infb㎜ation showed that the mptuT about l2km dccp且nd propagatcd nlong thc L [e、g、,、五’ρ”づ銑ζv側、2008]、but艶w details were seen on t su㎡ヨ㏄.1ηversion of nca吟誦eld seismogmphs could obta{ロing det且ils or【he n1P[ure process but 廿 motioηda甑a†uund the亀ults is sti髄unavailab politica1隅sons.Wit旧hc advan惚gcs of in synthet{c司pc貢u爬mdar(InSAR)tcchnology aπay叡pe L-band SAR(PALSAR)da的ob価ned 凹tcllite Advanced Land Ob、鵬ing Satelli㎏(A werc abIe to unders亡and the whole movem㎝ts o『the zonc and thc cmstal ddb㎜ation aしa macro・sca over,a f氣u]t-slip modd was created by integTatlη r㏄ul偲w醗h int¢r俺rom¢廿ic in飴㎜aLion価m the seven of InSAR inte倫mgmm、Inve隠ioηanalysis of th half:・spacc dislocation thcory and simulation suggcstedtbat晩coscism{c伽ultzoncsn」 iπegu]ar sur飽cc dis伍bution as proven by ficld in tion~,alld the cmsねI dc偽11Tlatioηs obscrved intcr断ogram. 2. Coseismic Sur飴ce Faロlts From Field inves輔gado騨 [d Detailed行eld investi琶ation of the亀ult-sli tions and crustal dcfb㎜atioηs was nccdc unde田面“ing of thc movemen佑of the LMS伍 the Tibetan pI紅te日u[8μ’℃均1’ε’e’σA.2008:Rqγ」召”α律義, 2008]as we丑吐as for smdying[he seism{c zonc ofthe stmng-motions and souτ℃e pmcesses」出 zonc consis幅ofth陀。 n痢or branchcs、thc Guaηxi (GX-AX}、Yiηgxiu-BeichuanくYX-BC),and Wen Maoxiaη(WC-MX)伽1凪Our6eldiηves“ga“ons and October2008spanned I40km abng the including obs㎝a“ons at scven municipals〔Fig invcstigation pmfilcs wcrc dis扇butcd mostly LI1303 10f5

Coseismic su由ce-r叩tures a醜{l crustal defbrma髄ons of …frontier.kanagawa-u.ac.jp/society/16_3.pdf · 2009-07-07 · GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS.VOL.]6,U1303,doillO.1029/2009GLO37971,20D9

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Page 1: Coseismic su由ce-r叩tures a醜{l crustal defbrma髄ons of …frontier.kanagawa-u.ac.jp/society/16_3.pdf · 2009-07-07 · GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS.VOL.]6,U1303,doillO.1029/2009GLO37971,20D9

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS.VOL.]6,U1303,doillO.1029/2009GLO37971,20D9

曝曲

A躍一cb

Coseismic su由ce-r叩tures a醜{l crustal defbrma髄ons of the2008

We皿chua皿earth“uake伽7.9,China

Ken Xianshcng Hao,l Hon幻un Si,2Himyuki F切iwam,1and Taku OzawaI

R㏄civd28Fじbn」田γ20印9:冊viscd24Ap-12009;accoμ甜28Ap州200glpubli画甜4Ju口02009.

[1] Th¢iπegu12rly dis“ibu田d su血ce f五ult-njp賦s of凸c

Wcnchuaηea亘hquakc sp乱nηed over200km aloηg the

Longmen Shan(LMS)fault zone.Through ficldinves士lgati・ns,wc%undovcr10coseismicsu曲cc一四pしures,witb maximum vertical disp]acoments ofapproxima回y6m on the Yingxiu-Beichuan f加1t and2m

oηtheGu既nxian-Anxian飽ultlhowever,thee而re無口1t

mp血removcmcntwasstillnotclcarlyundc揺to・dsincchighωP・gmphica毘齢wcrcinacccssible.Th鵬,wcusedinte㎡セromet㎡c synthetic apc畑rc mdar(InSAR}s乱teUitc

obse四ations to cap田r廿wholc cogeismic s㎜伍ce-mpm肥s

a月d cmstal defbηnatioηs across the LMS魚口1旙.We㎝eated

a novcl bi一色ulトslip modcl to i口vc質f赴山一slips using IロSAR

infbnηation which yielded that thnlst fゑult-slips were

dominant at YingXiu、Houshenggou and B勾iaomiao ln

thone借一epiccntcr肥9mem,whi]ethedc漁1伍ult-slipswere dom{nan虚at Piτ1gto”g an通Nanba aIoηg tho no性hcast

gegmcnし、Thccombinati。n。f行cldinvcsdgati・nsandSimUlat{・nSSUg9㏄ted出atthe幅COSdSmiC伽1しZ・neSn」P㈱d with an iπegular su㎡蟄ce dis出butioηaccompanicd

by crus舳i defb㎜a“ons. Ci‘』60n: Hao, K、 X_ H. Si。

H.Fujiwaτa,alld T、Ozawa(1GO9),Co肥i馴mic su君hccイr」PLU毘s

and cru“aI {セronηa【ions o「 山e 20{)8 Wcllchuan oar口1quake

〃w・7.9,(rhina、σ酬]ρ∫りr5.Rε暫.Lα’.,36,LIBO3,doi=IO.1029/

2009GLO37971.

1.  1■亡roduc亡ion

 [21The Mw7.9Wenchuan ea仙quakc of May l2,20080㏄urredon the northeastcm一面killg Longmon Shan(LMS〕

飽u1的heneath the steep eastem edge of the T沁e撫ηPlateau・

Thco・sclsmicmp眈sandcms由1dc拓皿ation・ccuπodover a lcngth of290km along thc LMS thrust belt.Ovcr

87,000peoplewe肥τeported dead oTmissingaηd morethan370,000呵ur巳d.Limc aロcl面on was paid to thc LMS fゑul的

regardingP・しentia11ys伽gca貢hquakesin1。ng-temle甜h-

quakcpn。didi。瑚。、9、,衛κ9副〃飢1993=伽9σ’・A・

19951.Although no exしraordinaりr ear伽quakes were下ccoωed,the LMS飴ults werc specu1蹴d to stiU be active

thr・ughvari。us罰ndingss・chasthe。ccuπcnce・faH・bcenc則pture[βμ雌1}dσωA,19951κ’吻回ρ’・}200318即吻1ε’,20041Dε’,側。’マピ’4L、20071・

 [3】 The complicated and Iarge gcale rup枕res of the“ロake

causod tragic dam“gcs,as wcll as mised scientific in【erests

inscism・1。gyandtcc吐・nics、andncc臨i包tc“then副飾r

  コNaLionu1R煕arc旧矧itロしotbr㎞SciC”oc㎜一1)is御世rP階㎝tion.

Tgukuba,」珊㎜、

  2K。アoKoika㎞EngineehngIn・.、Tokyo,Jap卸.

Copy嘱hロ009byth6Am・一cnn(3eophysimIUni侃0094-827σ09/200ウGLO37971$05.00

immediatc dc的i]ed field investigations、ARer threo se㌫of

invcstlgations准bng the h㎝vily d乱maged-be穐ofthe LMS

免ults.wc conHmned over10coscismic sur伽ce一下uptu樹

invoMng a口east two long鉛ult zoncs,11-13km apah[正面。 e’8A,2008a、2008b,A preliminaりr{nvcstigation of

出ecoseismicsu血ce-nlp血eslbrWヒnchuanea曲quakcof12May2008、Sichuan,China,paper p㎎sented aUhc14th

World Con色n¢nce on Eadhqロakc Enginccring、Bc舅ing,

20081.Each mphlrc spot wns tmced over scvcral kitomcters

[』梅 ¢’ ロA,2008; L∫ e’ dL腎 20081, bLlt the 陀1ationship

be榊ecn山cse i口dividual恥ロ1トs[ip bcations nnd the entire

nlpt㍑system abng[ho LMS伽h was sdll uncleaT、The

detailedsu血ccinfbrmationatonga“ofthc伍u1的丑11d祀gions was“i稲cultand time coηsuming to co11㏄t thmugh

罰dd invcstigations due to the inaccc鮒ibiliりr of thls high

topognaphic ar¢a. F{nit¢ 臣u]t inversions 什om 伍r一行eId

wavefb下m infb㎜ation showed that the mptuTe5識貢cd価m

about l2km dccp且nd propagatcd nlong thc LMS街uk zonc[e、g、,、五’ρ”づ銑ζv側、2008]、but艶w details were seen on the

su㎡ヨ㏄.1ηversion of nca吟誦eld seismogmphs could aid in

obta{ロing det且ils or【he n1P[ure process but 廿1e strong

motioηda甑a†uund the亀ults is sti髄unavailable due to

politica1隅sons.Wit旧hc advan惚gcs of intcr艶mmc出c

synthet{c司pc貢u爬mdar(InSAR)tcchnology and ph麗ed

aπay叡pe L-band SAR(PALSAR)da的ob価ned f}om凹tcllite Advanced Land Ob、鵬ing Satelli㎏(ALOS)、we

werc abIe to unders亡and the whole movem㎝ts o『the fゑult-

zonc and thc cmstal ddb㎜ation aしa macro・scalc.Morc-

over,a f氣u]t-slip modd was created by integTatlηg thc行eld

r㏄ul偲w醗h int¢r俺rom¢廿ic in飴㎜aLion価m the seven pai据

of InSAR inte倫mgmm、Inve隠ioηanalysis of the elastic

half:・spacc dislocation thcory and simulation of磁ult-s踊ps

suggcstedtbat晩coscism{c伽ultzoncsn」ptunodwith㎜iπegu]ar sur飽cc dis伍bution as proven by ficld investiga-

tion~,alld the cmsねI dc偽11Tlatioηs obscrved by I11SAR

intcr断ogram.

2. Coseismic Sur飴ce Faロlts From Field

inves輔gado騨

 [d Detailed行eld investi琶ation of the亀ult-sliP-is価u-

tions and crustal dcfb㎜atioηs was nccdcd俺r価rthcr

unde田面“ing of thc movemen佑of the LMS伍醐s andthe Tibetan pI紅te日u[8μ’℃均1’ε’e’σA.2008:Rqγ」召”α律義,

2008]as we丑吐as for smdying[he seism{c zonc m㏄hanisms

ofthe stmng-motions and souτ℃e pmcesses」出e LMS癒u脆

zonc consis幅ofth陀。 n痢or branchcs、thc Guaηxian-Anxian

(GX-AX}、Yiηgxiu-BeichuanくYX-BC),and Wenchuan-

Maoxiaη(WC-MX)伽1凪Our6eldiηves“ga“onsinJuneand October2008spanned I40km abng the LMS伍u]ts.including obs㎝a“ons at scven municipals〔Figu㎎ 1)、Tbe

invcstigation pmfilcs wcrc dis扇butcd mostly nlo口g dccp

LI1303 10f5

Page 2: Coseismic su由ce-r叩tures a醜{l crustal defbrma髄ons of …frontier.kanagawa-u.ac.jp/society/16_3.pdf · 2009-07-07 · GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS.VOL.]6,U1303,doillO.1029/2009GLO37971,20D9

L11303 1{AO ET,へし.SURF.ACE-RUPTURES OF WENCHUAN EARTHQUへKE 1.n303

32一

31甲

103’fO41 105’

Figure1.Coscismic sur殆cc・nlpmrcs indicatcd by tlian呂1cs and closscs、and potcnしial acnvc飴ul熔showll by whltc

llncs[a続crκ’吻’d‘”,,20〔)3]㍑supe-mP・sed・nc。scismicc川staldefbrmati。ns。fh1SARin[e論r・騨mushgPALSARIALOS daぬ,a11〕undしhc castcm ma1召出of thc Tibctan plateau ill Siclman,〔:hin註・Thc1・uplurcs R〕und=aしBYD・

YX、HS(Flgure2乱)、BJM(Figure S1),QP〔Fi8u下。 S2)・GC〔Figu陀2b)・L(Flgu肥2c)andBC alongthcYX-BC fhult二at

P¶、NB.MW and SK abl唱thc cxtcndcd YX・BC拍u]t[乃イe’‘」ち200811aしH,Y(Figurc3a)、BL(Figurc3b)alld X【Fig惜rc S3)along thc(}X-AX虻蓋ult(sec T訊ble l fbr dc抱ils).0しhcr abbrcviatiolls arcI AC,Anchangl GX,DujiHngya11:WC,

Weilchuanl MX,Maoxian;QC.Qingchuエm,G下een circlos arc corresponding t〔)the simulIltiolls showηin Flgure4・

v呂Ueyspcrpendicu]a1・t。thcLMSt蓋u1的汀hcchallcn9㏄。f

thc看icldworkindudedune梱ctcdp。liticalrest-c[ionsonHccα駆t{)poltion~of LMS飴ults,inacc己ssiblc high-mou11一

位Linarcasd・et(1thchsk(lfland-stiding,andmadbbcksin1℃mo[c dccp vallcys、C〔〕scismlc su1一甑cc rup[ures伍u1“were

飴und oll thc YX-BC and GX-AX f加ks scparatod by

appr。x{ma回yll円一43km[c.9・涌’〔」’θ1・}21)09ゴ∫α・e’

‘’1.,2008a,200Rb1.

  国 On the YX-BC f註ult,the c{)seismicイ為u!ts had pri-

ma-1yth1■sし一価ltsca甲swithamaximumdisplaccment。f

~6mve貢ica”yls。mc・fthcmwithadc畑1-slipdisplace-mcn[of~5mhoriz・n【ally,ThedisplaccmoηtwasαLlcu-

1a包duslngthccs重in・atcdsideanglcandthcrηca鵬dslopc(Table n、The、gc‘hrust-f≧Lults we下e fburld n虹BILiyund-

illg,Yinxuc,}loushcnggou 〔Figu1-c2a)・B乱ji且omlao(FigureSり,’Qi119Ping(FigureS2〕,Ga。chuanlFi型rc2bl・

Leigu(Figure2c),and Bcichロan as i■d{cated by triangles in

ドi四1℃1.O11[hcn。1iheas喘rdscgmentorthccx【endcdYX-

BC f吾ult,the right-slip displ紅cemcηts were dominant at

Pillgtoηg,Nanba.Mowan and Shikan[c.g.、X1,(ぜθ’r

20081.Thec。漁ηcdc。seismlcsurflLce一価tsspatlnedapp1・(〕ximatcIy200km lcng出but wi[h di~conしilmiしy.

ト10nthc(}X-AX伽k,しhcc。seismlcsu漁cc-faul紬addomlnantly thrust-fhult sca甲s with a maximum vortical

displaccmcnt of~2m at Hallwang,Yillghua IFiguro3a)

  1AuxIII町1、・mclia1~・]u・a11乱hlelntl・c『πMLd。i:IO」029♂

10臼9(刊一〇37L}7!一

and B凪ilu(Flgup23b〕a~illdicated by cro鍋cs in Figurc I.

Accordingk油己landk〕rds,thcc。seismicthnlst一毛au1[scarps

occu㎜dbcsldcしhcold-scarpswhlchwerePo叙~ibIcpalco-

seismicf衰ults(Figure3a〕.Exccpt負〕rthedistinguishedsu1釦cc・rupturcs shown ill Figurcs2、3、S1,S2、and S3jn

gc・cml,m・st。fs曲ce-1-upmrespresclltcda1。w-anglc

prcssureridge・r臨一丁19。nthe仕11dedgη。undsud喜Lccina zolle spallning mally metcrs inwidth,making itdi価。山ω

collectaccuratedisp1Ilcclne応ユmddcイbnηati〔ms.S甘iαly

~pcaking,thcacquisiti・n。fprccisc~urfaccdc佑1・ηatk〕nis

llcarlyimP・ssiblcwithoutdetaitcdge・desicmcasu㎎mentbut with inSAR intα悔romctric methods,thc coseiヨm{c-

su曲㏄四ptu障s。nGX-AX佑ulしcanbecontinu。uslytmccdas shown in「igurc l.

[了]An。]寸hwcsト面kinglclヒーslipc・seismic6au1口nc。n-

trast to thc right-slip f吾ut鱈or m司。層ty o「the LMS movc-

mems、mptu紀d at Xiaoyudong(「igurc1〕with maximumdisPlaccmcntsoオ’2.8mh(}riz(〕mally、a口dl・5mvcrticaUy

(Figu肥S3)、

3. C㎜stal De掩rma“on From[口SARInterferogram

 l31Mo~tohhe LMS甑ultssp註駁lcrosshigh topo騨iphicarcas whc1℃dc姐ilcd sur俺ce鵬vcstigatiolls werc c骨brtnul

yctlimited.SARinrc飛mmdry、b・wcvc1、画ycdanimp・r一

価trolein~uchlargcrcm・壷earcas、WeusedthcSARdamacquired by PALSAR sc1]sor equipmc”t(,睡ALOS duling

2007and2008什om蹴cndi1・呂甑ks471477.Thcsespan

20「5

Page 3: Coseismic su由ce-r叩tures a醜{l crustal defbrma髄ons of …frontier.kanagawa-u.ac.jp/society/16_3.pdf · 2009-07-07 · GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS.VOL.]6,U1303,doillO.1029/2009GLO37971,20D9

1.11303 レ1’、O ET,へし SURF.一・、CE-RUPTURESoF W『ENC日UAN E,へRT卜IQし’一へKE L I I303

Table L Compahson Fa面一Slip o「Simula[bn[o the Mcasuremピnt

Sim醸ししi{獅

Siエr1 [一〇n i賦【dじ 「一且〔iしudc V¢rtical }lo一■onし=t1 Vcniじal Hoh70nし苺1 匹一〇C」“OI1,N“[c.ドi・則rc

YRl.

x

RY[)

Yxl IS

BJMGcQP]一

Bcr叩

N日3

MW卓Sk自

1桝.165467

1餌.001537

103-9127{μ

103.762426

103.454350

103.4896呂2

103-615400

103-691970

K耳.[フ6670

1隅一11〔ゆ40

1偶一421462

K員.456呂リリ

[倒.677250

1個.83アリア0

1個.糾3S90

1餌一877720

31-46157マ

3]一319623

31.11 t815

3].188呂21

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   R二Iih土h、Figurc3b

XI二旧yロ{bn誤.Figurcs3

BaiyLln-i]19日置crhokし上chi

      Y巾‘・、i”        ロ”Oushcn嬰{堀,F噛しlro2a

B硅iial)mia朕ドi彗LIrcSl

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   しじi即.ドigur亡エ〔

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      Shik口n

肚回icr燕’ω’一20031、

thcentirc勉uh-51ip~Zoneacr。ssしhcLMSf執ul“・レb註nd

SARisgcnerallyidcalinheavi!yvegct=Ltedareas接ndexpcricncc Ics5tcmporal decor陀1atioll bccause ofi[s ability

t。pencttモしtcm・redeeplyam。ngstvcgetati〔、n・WcapPli。d

the two-p註ss di郡crential InSAR mcthod m rcmove thc

topogmphic cont百butio11,whcre the SRTM-3V4dig“alclcvatioηmodcl{DEM)was uscd[.加〔廊。’oね20【)呂].

角ず∫’㌧賀“uピ∫ρだsμ9991mcthod was cmployed to rcducc

[hcm{)istatmosphchcc備ds.回Wholc乱1-cas of cmgtal delb㎜utlon and c㈱ismlc一

伍ul[swcrec・pmrcdbya~ct。rn。1仙已astl肩ngcs,whG1℃cach。ncc。π巳sp。ndedt。adlsplacement。f11.8cn・in[he

li01e一。f=sight、Ab〔〕utHt・9価・gcs、c・rrcsp・11dingt。りOto

100cm。rthcdisplaccmen区of[hcc・ntinu。usdc代}rma-

tions,wcrcidentl負ed飯}mthcChcngduhasillt・wardlhcGX-AX伽11.Thclトing“・し。四alssh。匪。ηcdapPr。ach1119

thc 伍ults until tllc什ingcs dl舘PPcared du¢to {ncohcrcncc

at Dt中angyan(GX)、Bnilu(BL),Yin呂hu鴛(Y)and Hh“wang

(H〕,wherethcco~にi~micsu浦acc一即ptu隅weロ℃偽undml㏄a“ons sh〔)wn by cτosses in Figuτ℃ L Thc intclfcTo-

9mm als{)showcd hingcs副。τ19 [hc extcnsion(}f thc

GX-AX飴111t,whichdemo1・stmtedthcsamc行11dingsasour 「leId invcgti巨ati吐〕n rhat coscis]nic-1㌔Lul“  cxtelldcd

ncithcr souしhwcs[over GX,nor n{)rthc聞しovc1’AC whcre

Mcsoz〔〕ic飴ults rcmaiηinac[lve as pointed byκ∫ψレd dノ.

[2003].

Figure2.Typicalc。scismicthmst-f白ult㏄mpsa1・ngrhcYX-BC伽1虹wlththemaximumvc貢ica1。鰍室sapP「oxlmately(a)伽hαwcenah〔川ドcandhackyardat日S田。ushcn9呂・u〕・whc1℃thccahI酬IUhullgbdwecηsunkcnwi1℃’11。le~こ

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30「5

Page 4: Coseismic su由ce-r叩tures a醜{l crustal defbrma髄ons of …frontier.kanagawa-u.ac.jp/society/16_3.pdf · 2009-07-07 · GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS.VOL.]6,U1303,doillO.1029/2009GLO37971,20D9

1」l l303 HAO ET.へ【..SURF〈C-E-RUPTURES OF WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE L l l303

F{gロre3.Examples of coscismic thrust-f翫ult scarps with

over2m ve貢icaこ。臨[aIong山e GX-AX飴ult illdicated by

cro器esinFigu爬1,at(a)Y〔Yin菖hu二し〕,Shi飴ngCity、whe祀

[hc・ld-sca甲・脱しbc[w㏄1・しhc帥・1・calsinbackgmund

was possibly[he palcoscismic鉛uk and(b)しhe clcva包d

schoolyard at BL(Bailu一),Pengzhou City.

 [101 Alongしhe YX-BC fむult,重hc丘inges couldηot be

idellt而cd徹レm「nSAR imcT允π〕gmm duc虹。 incohc肥nce.

ThcIaτgerdefbnnati・n7。ηe,whc祀thc騨y翫L即en惚tl。ns

h二Ldawid【hof~30kmonthesouthwcs壷emsc即entand~10km・nno杭hcas吐scgmollt,c・vcrcdthcc・一scismicsur鉛cc mpturcs and thc entlre YX-BC ac“v¢f琶u1鱈.This

SARinte雨mmcしrici11負〕1mationmaybcindica[ivcof眈ねult-slips oηboth YX-BC and GX-AX亀ul匡aloηg thc

LMS飴ult■(}nc inclu面ng thc inaccossiblo high topographic

are棚.Thc inじohc陀ncc was prim田ily due to thc movomcnt

ofcoseismlo一億ultsacc・mpaniedbyc和stald面・ηati・n・Mcallw員ilc,the contilluous伍ngcs wcrc identi配d什om

W(「to MX,while the翫鼎hwcstcm segmc厳of thc WC-

MX飽ul凶wasinvolvedinthelargcrdelbnηationzoncncarthc cpicen亡cr、

4.InversionoftheFault-S[ip3n且Simulatio”of

the C㎜5tal Deformation

 [111Bascd on thc ficld works and thc lnSAR intc■bro-

9田m,wcc。マ1蜘ctedabi一台ault-slipm・dclwith榊。wes【一

dipPing“aul蝋TahlcS1)aspmj。c紀d。nFigu1℃4・批f琶ults were dividcd int〔,5km by5km良田1t scgmen岱and

山e fゑult-sllp vector at each scgment was cstimatcd by

hlveロ・sion anaIysis {)f the claslic haIf-sp註』ce dislocari〔〕11

thcory[0臨ぬ,19851.Thelnve蘭nan拙lysis(,fthebi-f加1t-slip modcl w』based on1600avcmgc displユccmcms,

which wcロ・c rcduc¢d by the Quadt1’cc algodLhm「Sπ〃’(”

o”〃既ゐ’,¢’・、19881什oml,885,3㈱slaηt-mngcchangesof

thc lnSAR data、111thc inve蔦ion analysis,a smo〔〕thncss

constrain壷of the飴utトslip distribu止ion was uscd to stabi-

1{zc thc rcsul儘 and thc srrcngth of thc cons廿nint was

dc紀nηincd while minimi7i口g the AB「C Chtcrionμ㎞疎。,

19801.

 [121From山e inversi(〕n o『血ult-slips acmss[he entirc

LMS伽uIts,the laTge下vertical dゆ1acemen徳along A’一A”

〔Figurc4),occurnじdat2.1m,4m,241几4.5mand3、8m俺r Yingxiu(Yxl,QingPing(Qp一〕,Ga㏄huan〔GQ、Leigu

〔L)、and Beichuan{BC一}、rcspectively{丁乱ble1〕、Most of

thcm have a predominam ve“ical componcllHhat士i“hcth下ust一飴uk chamc【c-stics.Morc〔}ver,the hori70ntal dis-

placomc鳴wcrc domilln臨1t at PT、NB,NWand SK on tllc

n。貢he蹴msegments乱bng出。飴ukA-A’、wh㎝cwereconsislcnt w誌h obsclvユ“ons[κ1,c’σ’.,2008].Howcvcrjhe

gimuIBted vcrtic紅l slipga叢HS and B」M weresmallcrwhile

thこhoTizo漁lonesalLanUBCwerclargerthanthcobscrvcd,whcτc亀ult junctions supposcdly playcd complcx

mles on seglnen捻of[hc YX-BCねults、On倣ult B-B’

(Figurc4).thcinve脱dsu1伽。伍ul出一slipswcrcl・6m・

2.OmandO.9m,versusthcobserved1.5m,2、3mand2mat Hanwang(H),Yinghua(Y)and Bailu{Bl)Jespectlvcly、

asindicatcdbyTableLTl・c{ヤinges・fthcsynthcricintcr悔rogmm generated fトom the simulaしi{)n werc goucτally

consistcnt wlth the obgc四ed〔,nes ofInSAR intcr俺rogram

齢sh・㎜bytheclTclesinFlgurc4.Thedi脱rcnc邸between

FigUTeslandS4v三一ed什。mlessthaη・nc伺ngeatthcwestm・s伽ck叩totwo什11・gcsinthcc劉(FigurcS5}漁cionosphe面。 e“セcts.atmospheric cf翫ts and post-scismic

dcfb㎜atio11~〔)fthc tmck・pairs m且y have becII included i”

somc鵬Lcks and absent飾om othe布.Thc results concluded

thatthc[wo coscismic飴u1的ruptu1・巳d simu1由ncouglydu出1g

thequakcacc。mpaniedbyc。sclsmiccrustaldc偽㎜εti。nsinしhc whde rcgion、

5、 Summary

 [B] Wc documcntcd the coseismic su血ce一「uPm「cs oc-

[urrencc onしhe Yingxiu-Beichuall and the Guanxian・

Anxian 飴u[齢ro bc thc cause of tho disa“rous Wcnchun腿

ea貢hquake.Usingthcsatc口itehSARtc伽。bgy,wccap-turcd thc cntilu crus血I dcfb口旧tions乱cms訓hc LMS伍ul凶.

Comblning thc dda“ed行cld rcsults with intc飛ro1ηetric

inlbrmaしion,wcdorivedthebi一飴uk-shpmodelalldpc1’一食〕ηηcdtheinve糖i(,”analysis・fthc伽1t-slipd{s廿lbuti〔m・

Thc{nveTse適飴u團ipdisplacomen“revealedthatthemovcmcn[ofしhrusし倣ul[一slip was dominallt ncar the cpi-

center,alo㎎肛he YX,HS and BJM scgment、whilc the

dcxロ・1“ault-sIipwasd・1ninanlaしBC,PT.andNBalonglhc

no“11eastsc騨ent,both・fwhicha肥gen㎝11yconslstentwith obsen侃tioηs.The co“rbination of[he fiold由vestiga-

tion with thc lnSAR observation and simulation wl[h thc

P障1imiηa甲伽lt-sllpm・delsug9醜dthatthe脚。。9eis-mic f吾ロ1ts r叩tured simultancou“y accompanied by cn卦血l

dc佑11nati〔msinthe陀gio几

40「5

Page 5: Coseismic su由ce-r叩tures a醜{l crustal defbrma髄ons of …frontier.kanagawa-u.ac.jp/society/16_3.pdf · 2009-07-07 · GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS.VOL.]6,U1303,doillO.1029/2009GLO37971,20D9

L立1303 HAO ET AL.:SURFACE-RUPTURES OF WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKEL11303

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