DETERMINAN STUNTING PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASARDI KABUPATEN
GORONTALO TAHUN 2014
DETERMINANTS OF STUNTING IN CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOL IN GORONTALO
REGENCY IN 2014
Oleh
F.Y. Arbie, N.Mayulu, A.Basuki
KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN NASIONALUNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGIPROGRAM
PASCASARJANAMANADO2014
RINGKASAN
Sasaran pembangunan pangan dan gizi dalam RPJMN 2010-2014 dan
RAN-PG 2011-2015 adalah menurunkan prevalensi kekurangan gizi pada
balita, termasuk stunting. Anak pendek dan sangat pendek merupakan
masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena berhubungan dengan meningkatnya
risiko terjadinya kesakitan dan kematian, perkembangan motorik
terlambat, dan terhambatnya pertumbuhan mental. Pendek dan Sangat
Pendek merupakan status gizi yang didasarkan pada indeks Panjang
Badan menurut Umur (PB/U) atau Tinggi Badan menurut Umur (TB/U).
Anak berstatus gizi pendek dan sangat pendek berarti mengalami
retardasi pertumbuhan linier. Prevalensi stunting pada anak usia 5
- 12 tahun di Provinsi Gorontalo sebesar 32,8, dan di Kabupaten
Gorontalo sebesar 30,4 %. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk
mengetahui prevalensi stunting, hubungan asupan energi, asupan
karbohidrat, asupan protein, asupan lemak, pendidikan ayah,
pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga , besar anggota keluraga dengan
stunting anak Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Gorontalo tahun 2014 dan
determinan yang paling dominan mempengaruhi stunting pada anak
sekolah di Kabupaten Gorontalo 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan
pendekatan kuantitatif metode observasional analitik dengan
rancangan studi cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini
yaitu seluruh anak Sekolah Dasar diwilayah Kabupaten Gorontalo.
Sampel penelitian ini dipilih diantara populasi yang memenuhi
kriteria inklusif penelitian, pengambilan sampel dipilih dengan
cara sampel acak rancangan bertingkat (Multistage Random Sampling).
Data primer diperoleh langsung dari sampel dan responden melalui
wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan formulir asupan makanan. Data
sekunder diperoleh dari profil Dinas Kabupaten Gorontalo meliputi
gambaran umum dan data data lain yang menunjang penelitian.
Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu: menyunting
data, mengkode data, memproses data, Pembersihan data. Analisis
yang digunakan ialah univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi square, dan
multivariat.Hasil penelitian Menunjukkan bahwa Prevalensi stunting
di Kabupaten Gorontalo sebesar 33,1% dan terdapat hubungan yang
signifikan antara asupan energi, asupan karbohidrat, asupan
protein, pendidikan ayah, pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga,
besar anggota keluarga dengan stunting di Kabupaten Gorontalo tahun
2014. Asupan protein merupakan determinan paling dominan
mempengaruhi stunting di Kabupaten Gorontalo setelah dikontrol oleh
variabel pendidikan ayah dan pendapatan keluarga.Berdasarkan hasil
penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa asupan energi, asupan karbohidrat,
asupan protein, pendidikan ayah, pendidikan ibu, pendapatan
keluarga, besar anggota keluarga merupakan determinan stunting pada
Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Gorontalo tahun 2014. Disarankan
agar memberikan pemahaman kepada keluarga mengenai dampak stunting
dan pemberdayaan pangan lokal serta pemanfaatan pekarangan untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan zat gizi anak dimasa pertumbuhan.
Abstract
Target development of food and nutrition in RPJMN 2010-2014 and
2011-2015 RAN-PG is a lower prevalence of malnutrition in children
under five, including stunting. Short and very short child is a
public health problem due to the increased risk of morbidity and
mortality, delayed motor development, and mental retardation. Short
and very short of the nutritional status based on length of Board
index by Age (PB / U) or Height by Age (TB / U). Child nutritional
status of short and very short mean linear growth retardation. The
prevalence of stunting in children aged 5-12 years in Gorontalo
Province by 32.8 and 30.4% in Gorontalo Regency. The purpose of
this study is to determine the prevalence of stunting, the
relationship of energy intake, carbohydrate intake, protein intake,
fat intake, father's education, mother's education, family income,
large family with child stunting Elementary School in District
Gorontalo in 2014 and the most dominant determinant of stunting
affects in children school in District Gorontalo in 2014. This
study uses a quantitative approach to the design method
observational cross-sectional study. The population in this study
are all children of elementary school in the region of District
Gorontalo. The sample of this study were selected among eligible
populations inclusive of research, sampling selected by random
sampling design stratified (Multistage Random Sampling). Primary
data is data obtained directly from the sample and respondents
through interviews using questionnaires and of form food intake.
Secondary data is data obtained from the Office profile of District
Gorontalo includes a general description and the data - other data
which support research. Data processing is done with several phases
that is: edit the data, encodes the data, process the data,
cleansing the data. The analysis is univariate, bivariate with chi
square test, and multivariate. Based on the results of this study
concluded that the prevalence of stunting in Gorontalo District of
33.1% and there is a significant relationship between energy
intake, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, father's education,
mother's education, family income, family members with stunting in
Gorontalo District in 2014. Protein intake is the most dominant
determinant of stunting affect in Gorontalo regency after dikotrol
by variable father's education and family income. Based on the
results of this study concluded that energy intake, carbohydrate
intake, protein intake, father's education, mother's education,
family income, family members are the determinants of stunting in
Primary School Children in Gorontalo regency in 2014. It is
recommended that the family provide insight on the impact of
stunting and empowerment of local food as well as utilization of
the yard to meet the nutritional needs of growing children's
future.
