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PERANCANGAN JARINGAN PENGUMPUL DAN BANGUNAN PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK KOTA CILACAP, JAWA TENGAH

Kelompok 2: Astri Maharani (0906636775)

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK SIPIL FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA DEPOK 2012

PERANCANGAN JARINGAN PENGUMPUL DAN BANGUNAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK KOTA CILACAP

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan YME karena atas karunia-Nya lah maka kami dapat menyelesaikan Makalah Tugas Besar Perancangan Jaringan Pengumpul dan Bangunan Pengolah Air Limbah Domestik.

Makalah Tugas Besar Perancangan Jaringan Pengumpul dan Bangunan Pengolah Air Limbah Domestik ini berisi tentang perancangan jaringan pengumpul dan bangunan pengolah air limbah domestik Kota Cilacap. Makalah ini dibuat dalam rangka tugas besar mata kuliah Perancangan Jaringan Pengumpul dan Bangunan Pengolah Air Limbah Domestik dan membantu untuk melatih penulis untuk merancang instalasi pengolahan air limbah domestik untuk tahun 2039. Terbentuknya makalah ini juga tidak luput dari bimbingan asisten kami, yaitu Bapak Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik, DEA, yang telah membantu kami dalam penyusunan makalah ini.

Kami menyadari makalah ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Maka dari itu kami mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun dari para pembaca sekalian. Kritik dan saran ini akan sangat membantu dalam penyelesaian makalah-makalah kami selanjutnya. Atas perhatiannya, kami ucapkan terima kasih.

Depok, Maret 2012

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................................ii DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................................iii DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................... ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................ 1 1.1.LATAR BELAKANG ............................................................................................ 1 1.2.RUMUSAN MASALAH ....................................................................................... 5 1.3.TUJUAN PENULISAN ......................................................................................... 5 1.4.METODE PENULISAN ........................................................................................ 5 1.5.MANFAAT PENULISAN ..................................................................................... 5 1.6.SISTEMATIKA PENULISAN .............................................................................. 6 BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM LOKASI STUDI ......................................................... 8 2.1. GAMBARAN DAERAH PELAYANAN............................................................. 8 2.1.1. KONDISI GEOGRAFIS ................................................................................. 8 2.1.2. KLIMATOLOGI DAN HIDROLOGI ............................................................ 8 2.1.3. TOPOGRAFI................................................................................................... 9 2.1.4. TATA GUNA LAHAN ................................................................................... 11 2.2. KEADAAN SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI ............................................................... 16 2.2.1. PENDUDUK ................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2. FASILITAS UMUM ....................................................................................... 21 2.2.3. KEADAAN EKONOMI ................................................................................. 22 BAB III DASAR TEORI ................................................................................................ 25 3.1. PERIODE DESAIN .............................................................................................. 25 3.2. PROYEKSI PENDUDUK .................................................................................... 25 3.3. PROYEKSI KEBUTUHAN AIR .......................................................................... 27 3.3.1. KEBUTUHAN AIR RUMAH TANGGA ...................................................... 28 3.3.2. KEBUTUHAN AIR NON-DOMESTIK......................................................... 29 3.4. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN JARINGAN AIR LIMBAH ..................................... 31 3.4.1. PERTIMBANGAN INFILTRASI/INFLOW .................................................. 31 3.4.2. PEAK FACTOR (FAKTOR PUNCAK) .......................................................... 32 3.4.3. HIERARKI PEMIPAAN ................................................................................ 33 3.4.4. SUMBER-SUMBER AIR LIMBAH .............................................................. 34iii


3.4.5. PENURUNAN RUMUS ................................................................................. 34 3.4.6. KELENGKAPAN SISTEM JARINGAN PENGUMPUL.............................. 38 3.4.7. TRANSFORMASI BIOLOGIS PADA JARINGAN PENGUMPUL ............ 44 BAB IV PERHITUNGAN JARINGAN PIPA PENGUMPUL AIR LIMBAH KOTA CILACAP ........................................................................................................ 46 4.1. PROYEKSI PENDUDUK .................................................................................... 46 4.2. PROYEKSI TIMBULAN LIMBAH CAIR .......................................................... 49 4.3. PERHITUNGAN DIMENSI PIPA ....................................................................... 72 4.4. POTONGAN HIDROLIS MENUJU IPAL .......................................................... 155 BAB V KONSEP PERENCANAAN BANGUNAN PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK .................................................................................................... 156 5.1. STANDAR AIR BUANGAN ............................................................................... 158 5.1.1. STREAM STANDAR ...................................................................................... 159 5.1.2. EFFLUENT STANDAR ................................................................................. 159 5.1.3. STANDAR REGULASI ................................................................................. 160 5.2. IDENTIFIKASI DATA-DATA PERENCANAAN ............................................. 161 5.3. KUALITAS LIMBAH CAIR DI KOTA CILACAP ............................................ 166 5.4.KONSEP PERANCANGAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK ................................................................................................................. 166 BAB VI DETAIL PERANCANGAN BANGUNAN PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK..................................................................................................................... 195 6.1. DETAIL PERENCANAAN DAN HIDROLIK .................................................... 195 6.2. PRE TREATMENT (PENGOLAHAN AWAL) .................................................. 196 6.2.1. COARSE SCREEN ....................................................................................... 196 6.2.1.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 196 6.2.1.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 197 6.2.1.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 198 6.2.1.4. PERENCANAAN JUMLAH UNIT ........................................................ 207 6.2.1.5. KINERJA UNIT PENGOLAHAN .......................................................... 208 6.2.2. SUMUR PENGUMPUL DAN POMPA ULIR ............................................. 208 6.2.2.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 208 6.2.2.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 209 6.2.2.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 210 6.2.2.4. PERENCANAAN JUMLAH UNIT ........................................................ 213iv


6.2.2.5. KINERJA UNIT PENGOLAHAN .......................................................... 213 6.2.3. GREASE TRAP ............................................................................................. 214 6.2.3.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 214 6.2.3.2. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 214 6.2.3.3. PERENCANAAN JUMLAH UNIT ........................................................ 216 6.2.3.4. KINERJA UNIT PENGOLAHAN .......................................................... 216 6.2.4. GRIT CHAMBER ......................................................................................... 218 6.2.4.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 218 6.2.4.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 218 6.2.4.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 219 6.2.4.4. PERENCANAAN JUMLAH UNIT ........................................................ 226 6.2.4.5. KINERJA UNIT PENGOLAHAN .......................................................... 227 6.2.5. BAK EKUALISASI....................................................................................... 227 6.2.5.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 227 6.2.5.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 228 6.2.5.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 228 6.2.5.4. PERENCANAAN JUMLAH UNIT ........................................................ 233 6.2.5.5. KINERJA UNIT PENGOLAHAN .......................................................... 233 6.2.6. POMPA SENTRIFUGAL ............................................................................. 234 6.2.6.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 234 6.2.6.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 235 6.2.6.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 235 6.2.6.4. PERENCANAAN JUMLAH UNIT ........................................................ 237 6.2.6.5. KINERJA UNIT PENGOLAHAN .......................................................... 237 6.2.7. FLOW MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................. 237 6.2.7.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 237 6.2.7.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 239 6.2.7.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 239 6.2.8. PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION ....................................................................... 241 6.2.8.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 241 6.2.8.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 242 6.2.8.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 242 6.2.8.4. PERENCANAAN JUMLAH UNIT ........................................................ 250 6.2.8.5. KINERJA UNIT PENGOLAHAN .......................................................... 250v


6.3. SECONDARY TREATMENT ............................................................................. 250 6.3.1. TRICKLING FILTER ...................................................................................... 251 6.3.1.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 251 6.3.1.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 252 6.3.1.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 253 6.3.1.4. PERENCANAAN JUMLAH UNIT ........................................................ 257 6.3.1.5. KINERJA UNIT PENGOLAHAN .......................................................... 257 6.3.2. SECONDARY CLARIFIER.............................................................................. 257 6.3.2.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 257 6.3.2.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 258 6.3.2.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 258 6.3.2.4. PERENCANAAN JUMLAH UNIT ........................................................ 260 6.3.2.5. KINERJA UNIT PENGOLAHAN .......................................................... 261 6.3.3. DISINFEKSI ................................................................................................... 261 6.3.3.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 261 6.3.3.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 262 6.3.3.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 262 6.3.3.4. PERENCANAAN JUMLAH UNIT ........................................................ 264 6.3.3.5. KINERJA UNIT PENGOLAHAN .......................................................... 264 6.4. SLUDGE TREATMENT ...................................................................................... 265 6.4.1. SLUDGE BLENDING TANK ........................................................................ 265 6.4.1.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 265 6.4.1.2. DATA LUMPUR ..................................................................................... 265 6.4.1.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 265 6.4.2. GRAVITY THICKENER ............................................................................... 266 6.4.1.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 266 6.4.1.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 267 6.4.1.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 267 6.4.3.SLUDGE DRYING BED ................................................................................. 269 6.4.1.1. DESKRIPSI UNIT PENGOLAHAN ...................................................... 269 6.4.1.2. KRITERIA DESAIN ............................................................................... 270 6.4.1.3. PERHITUNGAN DESAIN ..................................................................... 270 BAB VII PROFIL HIDROLIS BANGUNAN PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK..................................................................................................................... 272vi


BAB VIII DETAIL GAMBAR TEKNIS BANGUNAN PENGOLAH AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK..................................................................................................................... 275 DAFTAR REFERENSI .................................................................................................. 276

DAFTAR GAMBAR

GAMBAR 2.1. PETA TOPOGRAFI KABUPATEN CILACAP .................................... 9vii


GAMBAR 2.2. PRESENTASE PENGGUNAAN LAHAN TAHUN 2011 .................... 11 GAMBAR 2.3. PETA TATA GUNA LAHAN SAAT INI .............................................. 11 GAMBAR 2.4. PETA TATA GUNA LAHAN YANG AKAN DATANG ..................... 12 GAMBAR 2.5. PDRB KABUPATEN CILACAP ........................................................... 22 GAMBAR 2.6. LAJU PERTUMBUHAN PDRB ............................................................ 23 GAMBAR 4.1. PERBANDINGAN METODE PROYEKSI PENDUDUK .................... 48

DAFTAR TABEL TABEL 2.1. JENIS DAN LUAS PERUNTUKAN KECAMATAN KESUGIHAN ....... 13 TABEL 2.2. JENIS DAN LUAS PERUNTUKAN KECAMATAN ADIPALA ............. 13viii


TABEL 2.3. JENIS DAN LUAS PERUNTUKAN KECAMATAN CILACAP SELATAN ................................................................................................... 14 TABEL 2.4. JENIS DAN LUAS PERUNTUKAN KECAMATAN CILACAP TENGAH ..................................................................................................... 14 TABEL 2.5. JENIS DAN LUAS PERUNTUKAN KECAMATAN CILACAP UTARA 15 TABEL 2.6. KOMPOSISI PENDUDUK KECAMATAN KESUGIHAN ...................... 16 TABEL 2.7. KOMPOSISI PENDUDUK KECAMATAN CILACAP SELATAN ......... 16 TABEL 2.8. KOMPOSISI PENDUDUK KECAMATAN CILACAP TENGAH ........... 16 TABEL 2.9. KOMPOSISI PENDUDUK KECAMATAN CILACAP UTARA .............. 17 TABEL 2.10. KOMPOSISI PENDUDUK KECAMATAN ADIPALA .......................... 17 TABEL 2.11. KEPADATAN PENDUDUK KECAMATAN KESUGIHAN ................. 17 TABEL 2.12. KEPADATAN PENDUDUK KECAMATAN CILACAP SELATAN .... 18 TABEL 2.13. KEPADATAN PENDUDUK KECAMATAN CILACAP TENGAH ...... 18 TABEL 2.14. KEPADATAN PENDUDUK KECAMATAN CILACAP UTARA ......... 18 TABEL 2.15. KEPADATAN PENDUDUK KECAMATAN ADIPALA ....................... 19 TABEL 2.16. PERKEMBANGAN PENDUDUK KECAMATAN ADIPALA .............. 19 TABEL 2.17. PERKEMBANGAN PENDUDUK KECAMATAN KESUGIHAN ........ 20 TABEL 2.18. PERKEMBANGAN PENDUDUK KECAMATAN CILACAP TENGAH.................................................................................................... 20 TABEL 2.19. PERKEMBANGAN PENDUDUK KECAMATAN CILACAP SELATAN .................................................................................................. 20 TABEL 2.20. PERKEMBANGAN PENDUDUK KECAMATAN CILACAP UTARA 21 TABEL 2.21. JUMLAH FASILITAS UMUM................................................................. 21 TABEL 2.22. MATA PENCAHARIAN PENDUDUK CILACAP ................................. 22 TABEL 3.1. JUMLAH KEBUTUHAN AIR BERDASARKAN JENIS KOTA ............. 29 TABEL 3.2. KEBUTUHAN AIR NON DOMESTIK ..................................................... 29 TABEL 3.3. KOEFISIEN MANNING BERDASARKAN JENIS MATERIAL PIPA ... 36 TABEL 3.4. TABEL KEKASARAN HAZEN-WILLIAMS ........................................... 37 TABEL 3.5. PENEMPATAN MANHOLE BERDASARKAN DIAMETER PIPA......... 38 TABEL 3.6. DIAMETER MANHOLE BERDASARKAN KEDALAMAN ................... 39 TABEL 4.1. JUMLAH PENDUDUK PADA TAHUN 1990-2011 ................................. 46 TABEL 4.2. PROYEKSI PENDUDUK METODE GEOMETRI .................................... 47 TABEL 4.3. PROYEKSI PENDUDUK METODE ARITMATIKA ............................... 47 TABEL 4.4. PROYEKSI PENDUDUK METODE EKSPONENSIAL........................... 48ix


TABEL 4.5. TABULASI PERHITUNGAN TIMBULAN LIMBAH CAIR ................... 50 TABEL 4.6. TABULASI RUMUS PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER PIPA ...................... 72 TABEL 4.7. LANJUTAN TABULASI RUMUS PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER PIPA 72 TABEL 4.8. LANJUTAN TABULASI RUMUS PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER PIPA 72 TABEL 4.9. LANJUTAN TABULASI RUMUS PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER PIPA 72 TABEL 4.10. TABULASI PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER PIPA ZONA 1 .................... 73 TABEL 4.11. LANJUTAN TABULASI PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER PIPA ZONA 1 ..................................................................................................... 86 TABEL 4.12. TABULASI PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER PIPA ZONA 2 .................... 99 TABEL 4.13. LANJUTAN TABULASI PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER PIPA ZONA 2 ...................................................................................................... 116 TABEL 4.14. TABULASI PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER PIPA ZONA 3 .................... 133 TABEL 4.15. LANJUTAN TABULASI PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER PIPA ZONA 3 ...................................................................................................... 144

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