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O\IDXEZI EKHY_X\EI_ EK

KG\XBPI_X IY\G^I=

AD^^EK@ EKKGZDXEGKG^^G\XYKEXEI_

DDOBIK LE\AEK@BDA OD\HEJJ HGKOD_XI\ HYLCEK IEKHBGZIK KDKXI_ !_XYXX@D\X

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Ogkxdox=Oexu gj _xyxx`d|xIogkgaeo Hizicg~aikx Hi~d|xaikxAd|fx~cdx} 40>40? _xyxx`d|x@i|adku

I!Adec = pejgiNsxyxx`d|x+hi

Xbes ~ylceodxegk |ijcioxs xbi zeips gkcu gj xbi dyxbg|s# dkh xbi Iy|g~idk Ogaaessegkodkkgx li bich |is~gkselci jg| dku ysi pbeob adu li adhi gj xbi ekjg|adxegkogkxdekih xbi|iek+

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IRIOYXEZI _YAAD\U ! IK@CE_B

Xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis bdzi liogai d fiu!h|ezi| gj ekkgzdxegk dkh `|gpxb do|gss

Iy|g~i+ Xbi Iy|g~idk ~|gmiox IOOI EKKGZDXEGK Hizicg~ek` Iogkgaeo Ocysxi|s gj

Oycxy|dc dkh O|idxezi Ikxi|~|esis ek xbi Ekkgzdxegk ^|goiss bds six gyx xg jgsxi| xbiekkgzdxegk od~doexu gj xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis ek xbi ie`bx ~d|xeoe~dxek` oexeis= Ddobik#

Le|aek`bda# Od|hejj# Iekhbgzik Hgkodsxi|# Hylcek# Kdkxis dkh _xyxx`d|x+ Ex hgis sg

lu jgsxi|ek` kip cekfd`is lixpiik xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis dkh gxbi| sioxg|s#

jekdkoek` eksxexyxegks dkh Be`bi| Ihyodxegk eksxexyxegks lgxb pexbek oexeis ds picc ds

lixpiik xbi ~d|xki| oexeis+

Xbes |i~g|x bds xbi dea gj ad~~ek` ekkgzdxegk g~~g|xykexeis sxiaaek` j|ga

ogccdlg|dxegk lixpiik o|idxezi ekhysx|eis dkh gxbi| ekhysx|eis+ Ex es d sxd|xek` ~gekx

jg| xbi jy|xbi| doxegks pexbek xbi ~|gmiox dkh `ezis ekse`bx dlgyx idob oexus

~gxikxedcs dkh sxdfibgchi|s+ Pbeci xbes |i~g|x jgoysis gk xbi ~d|xki| oexeis gj xbi

~|gmiox# xbi |isycxs dkh sy``isxegks d|i xg sgai hi`|ii x|dksji|dlci xg gxbi| oexeis

dkh |i`egks ek Kg|xbpisx Iy|g~i ds picc xbdx d|i sbd|ek` seaecd| ogkhexegks dkh

jdoek` xbi sdai xdsfs |i`d|hek` xbi x|dksexegk xg xbi o|idxezi iogkgau+

Xbi je|sx ~d|x gj xbes |i~g|x ekzisxe`dxis xbi |icdxegksbe~ lixpiik xbi o|idxezi

ekhysx|eis dkh ekkgzdxegk dkh ~|isikxs ekse`bxs j|ga oy||ikx sxyheis gk xbes xg~eo+ +

Xbi hejji|ikx pdus bgp xbi o|idxezi ekhysx|eis ogkx|elyxi xg ekkgzdxegk ek xbi pehi|

iogkgau d|i liek` ir~cdekih+ Xbes ~d|x dcsg hiso|elis o|idxezi ekhysx|eis sy~~g|x ds

d obdccik`i jg| ekkgzdxegk ~gceoeis do|gss Iy|g~i dkh ehikxejeis xbi jgccgpek`

obdccik`is ykhi|cuek` adku o|idxezi ekhysx|eis ~gceou sy~~g|x aidsy|is= "4%

^|gagxek` kixpg|fek` dkh L

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IRIOYXEZI _YAAD\U ! J\IKOB

Cis ekhysx|eis o|dxezis sgkx dymgy|hbye ik Iy|g~i yk agxiy| hi cekkgzdxegk ix hi

cd o|gessdkoi+ Ci ~|gmix iy|g~ik IOOI EKKGZDXEGK = hzicg~~i| his ocysxi|s

ogkgaetyis hekhysx|eis oycxy|iccis ix o|dxezis hdks ci ~|goissys hekkgzdxegk d~gy| glmix hi jdzg|esi| cis od~doexs hekkgzdxegk his ekhysx|eis oycxy|iccis ix

o|dxezis hdks cis 2 zeccis ~d|xikde|is = Der cd Obd~icci# Le|aek`bda# Od|hejj#

Iekhbgzik# Hgkodsxi|# Hylcek# Kdkxis ix _xyxx`d|x+ Oi ~|gmix zesi xdlce| hi

kgyzidyr |sidyr ikx|i cis ekhysx|eis o|dxezis ix hdyx|is sioxiy|s# his

xdlcessiaikxs jekdkoei|s ix ciksie`kiaikx sy~|eiy|# dyxdkx dy siek his zeccis

tyikx|i cis zeccis ~d|xikde|is+

Oi |d~~g|x d ~gy| glmioxej hi ~|sikxi| yki od|xg`|d~bei his g~~g|xykexs

hekkgzdxegk gjji|xis ~d| cd ogccdlg|dxegk ikx|i cis ekhysx|eis o|dxezis ix hdyx|is

ekhysx|eis+ Ec ~i|aix hgyz|e| cd zgei cdhg~xegk hi kgyziccis aisy|is dy siek

aai hy ~|gmix ix ~|sikxi ci ~gxikxeic ix cis ekxi|cgoyxiy|s ~i|xekikxs hi obdtyi

zecci ik hxdecs+ Leik tyi oixxi xyhi sgex oikx|i sy| cis zeccis ~d|xikde|is hy ~|gmix#

cis |sycxdxs ix cis ~|g~gsexegks jdexis sgkx x|dksj|dlcis hdyx|is zeccis ix |`egks

hIy|g~i ~|sikxdkx yk ~|gjec seaecde|i# ik x|dksexegk zi|s yki ogkgaei hi

ogkkdessdkoi+

Cd ~|iae|i ~d|xei hy |d~~g|x xyhei cd |icdxegk ikx|i cis ekhysx|eis o|dxezis ix

cekkgzdxegk# ix ~|sikxi yk d~i|y his hejj|ikxis xyhis ik ogy|s sy| oi symix+ _gkx

ir~gsis `dciaikx cis hejj|ikxis adke|is hgkx cis ekhysx|eis o|dxezis

ogkx|elyikx cekkgzdxegk hdks cogkgaei `k|dci+ Oixxi ~d|xei sdxxd|hi

`dciaikx sy| cis hjes ~gss ~d| cd ~|glcadxetyi hi sgyxeik dyr ekhysx|eis

o|dxezis ix dyr ~gcexetyis hi cekkgzdxegk = "4% ~|gagyzge| cis ogg~|dxegks L

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IRIOYXEZI _YAAD\U ! @I\ADK

Hei F|idxezpe|xsobdjx bdx seob }y iekia pisikxceobik X|ieli| j| Ekkgzdxegk ykh

Pdobsxya ek `dk} Iy|g~d ikxpeoficx+ Hds iy|g~esobi ^|gmifx ,IOOI EKKGZDXEGK !

Ikxpeofcyk` zgk Pe|xsobdjxsocysxi|k fycxy|icci| ykh f|idxezi| Ykxi|kibaikEkkgzdxegks~|g}iss, bdx seob hds ]eic `isix}x# hei Ekkgzdxegksf|djx hi|

F|idxezpe|xsobdjx ek hik dobx xieckibaikhik _xhxik }y j|hi|k= Ddobik#

Le|aek`bda# Od|hejj# Hgkodsxi| Iekhbgzik# Hylcek# Kdkxis ykh _xyxx`d|x+ Heis

`isobeibx hy|ob hei J|hi|yk` kiyi| Zi|lekhyk`ik }pesobik hi| F|idxezpe|xsobdjx

ykh dkhi|ik L|dkobik sgpei aex Jekdk}ei|yk`seksxexyxegkik ykh Bgobsobycik

sgpgbc ekki|bdcl hi| mipiece`ik _xhxi dcs dyob }pesobik hik ^d|xki|sxhxik+

Hi| zg|cei`ikhi Li|eobx bdx hds ]eic# iek Ad~~ek` hi| Ekkgzdxegksa`ceobfiexik#

hei seob dys hi| ]ysdaaikd|liex }pesobik F|idxezpe|xsobdjx ykh dkhi|ik L|dkobik

i|`ilik# }y ceiji|k+ Hdaex lechix i| iekik Dys`dk`s~ykfx j| hei piexi|ik

Adkdbaik ea \dbaik his ^|gmifxis ykh `ipb|x }yhia iekik Ieklceof ek hds

Fga~ixik}~|gjec mihi| _xdhx ykh hei mipiece`ik Dks~|yobs`|y~~ik+ Glpgbc seob

heisi| Li|eobx hdbi| }pd| dyj hei ^d|xki|sxhxi his ^|gmifxs fgk}ikx|ei|x# sekh hei

I|`ilkessi ykh Dk|i`yk`ik }y iekia `ipessik @|dh li|x|d`ld| dyj dkhi|i _xhxi

ykh \i`egkik ek Kg|hpisxiy|g~d# j| hei bkceobi Lihek`yk`ik ykh

Bi|dysjg|hi|yk`ik `icxik ea Beklceof dyj hik Pdkhic }y ieki| pessiksldsei|xik

fgkgaei+

Ea i|sxik Xiec heisis Li|eobxs pe|h hi| ]ysdaaikbdk` }pesobik F|idxezpe|xsobdjx

ykh Ekkgzdxegk hesfyxei|x ykh I|fikkxkessi dys dfxyiccik _xyheik }y heisia Xbiad

i||xi|x+ Hei zi|sobeihikik A`ceobfiexik# pei hei F|idxezpe|xsobdjx }y Ekkgzdxegk ek

hi| @isdaxpe|xsobdjx liex|d`ik fdkk# pi|hik i|cyxi|x+ Ek heisia Xiec pe|h hei

Ykxi|sxx}yk` hi| F|idxezpe|xsobdjx dyob dcs ieki Bi|dysjg|hi|yk` j| hei

iy|g~esobi Ekkgzdxegks~gcexef lisob|eilik+ Hei jgc`ikhik Bi|dysjg|hi|yk`ik

pi|hik ehikxeje}ei|x# hikik seob Ykxi|sxx}yk`sadkdbaik xu~esobi|piesi sxiccik

assik= "4% J|hi|yk` hi| Zi|kix}yk` ykh L

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^D\X 4=O\IDXEZI EKHY_X\EI_

DKH EKKGZDXEGK

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4+4+EKX\GHYOXEGKPexbek xbi he`exdc iogkgau# o|idxezi ogkxikx# ds picc ds xbi kgxegk gj o|idxezexu ds d

`iki|eo ekkgzdxezi jg|oi# d|i `dekek` ea~g|xdkoi+ Xbi o|idxezi ekhysx|u sioxg|

ir~dkhs sxidhecu dkh exs "iogkgaeo% zdcyi ogkxekyis xg `|gp ir~gkikxedccu+ His~exiliek` hiso|elih ds ogxxd`i ekhysx|eis# pbeob ~|ihgaekdkxcu ogksesx gj sadcc dkh

aiheya se}ih ikxi|~|esis "_AIs%# xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis ogzi| d zd|eixu gj syl!

sioxg|s pbeob d|i zexdc xg Iy|g~idk ia~cguaikx# oga~ixexezikiss dkh bikoi xg

aiixek` xbi xd|`ixs gj xbi Ceslgk D`ikhd+

Ek ogkx|dsx xg agsx gxbi| ekhysx|eis# xbie| adek gyx~yx es ekxiccioxydc ~|g~i|xu "o~+

HOA_ >4 dcsg tygxih licgp% hiadkh jg| pbeob es gjxik xdecg|ih xg xbi s~ioejeo

|itye|iaikxs dkh ~|iji|ikois gj ekhezehydc ysi|s dkh es ceficu xg eko|idsi pexb

`|gpek` ~i|!od~exd ekogai+ Xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis d|i xbi|ijg|i |i`d|hih ds gki gj

xbi agsx ~|gaesek` jeichs gj iogkgaeo dkh |i`egkdc hizicg~aikx ek Iy|g~i+

Xbi |esek` dxxikxegk xgpd|hs xbi sioxg| ~d|xeoycd|cu j|ga xbi ~gcexeodc cizic odk li

siik ds d |isycx gj xbie| ~gcuzdcikoi= O|idxezi dkh Oycxy|dc Ekhysx|eis dkh |icdxih

doxezexeis odk li siik ds d ~|gaesek` iogkgaeo sioxg|# pbeob sxecc gjji|s d ~gxikxedc

jg| `|gpxb+ Jy|xbi|ag|i# xbie| xikhikou xg hizicg~ ek ocysxi|s jiihs jy|xbi| bg~is

|icdxek` xg xbie| ogkx|elyxegk xg |i`egkdc hizicg~aikx ek `iki|dc+ Jekdccu# oycxy|dc

dkh o|idxezi doxezexeis bdzi dc|idhu sekoi xbi 455>s `dekih eko|idsek` |icizdkoi

pbik xbekfek` dlgyx sgcyxegks jg| ea~|gzek` sgoedc dkh xi||exg|edc ogbisegk+

_ekoi ex es hejjeoycx xg ~|ioesicu aidsy|i xbi ea~dox O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis dkh |icdxih

doxezexeis ~cdu ek xbi ~|goiss gj |i`egkdc ekkgzdxegk# ek xbi jgccgpek` pi pecc x|u xg

sfixob gyx xbi tydcexdxezi kdxy|i gj xbie| |icdxegksbe~ ek ag|i hixdec+ Gy| jgoys pecc

cei gk xbi |gci gj O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis jg| dk iogkgaus ekkgzdxegk ~i|jg|adkoi+

Ldsih gk xbi dssya~xegk# xbdx O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis kiih d sy~~g|xezi ikze|gkaikx ek

pbeob xg jcgy|esb# xbes je|sx gyxceki pecc li xbi sxd|xek` ~gekx jg| cggfek` dx xbi

O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis sioxg| dkh xbi ekkgzdxegk ekj|dsx|yoxy|i ek xbi IOOI ~d|xki|

oexeis ek xbi siogkh ~d|x gj xbes sxyhu+ Pi ykhi|xdfi d ad~~ek` iri|oesi ek g|hi| xg

ehikxeju ~gxikxedc ekkgzdxegk' ogccdlg|dxegk g~~g|xykexeis lixpiik dkh pexbek

~d|xeoe~dxek` oexeis gj |icizdkoi jg| xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis+ Xbi ad~~ek` pecc ehikxeju

adek iogkgaeo x|ikhs dkh ~gcexeodc ~|eg|exeis pexbek xbi ~d|xeoe~dxek` oexeis dkh xdfi

d ocgsi| cggf dx xbie| |is~ioxezi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis iogsusxia+ Gk xbes ldses# xbixbe|h ~d|x gj xbes sxyhu pecc ehikxeju oga~ciaikxd|exeis dkh suki|`u ~gxikxedcs

pexbek dkh lixpiik ~d|xeoe~dxek` oexeis dkh oexu!|i`egks dkh ceki gyx ogko|ixi

sy``isxegks jg| ogg~i|dxegk ~|gmioxs dkh cekfd`is+

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4+

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4>lixpiik ~|goiss dkh ~|ghyox ekkgzdxegk xbi x|dhexegkdc hezesegk ceki lyx dcsg

lixpiik kgzic ekkgzdxegks e+i+ ekkgzdxegks xbdx bdzi kgx liik ekx|ghyoih lu dku

gxbi| ikxi|~|esi lijg|i "ad|fix kgzicxeis% dkh eaexdxegks# e+i+ ekkgzdxegks pbeob

pi|i og~eih j|ga dk id|cei| ekkgzdxg| lyx pbeob d|i kip xg xbi oga~dku dkh

obdk`is xbi pdu ex g~i|dxis "o~+ Acci| ix dc >2%+

Pexb cd|`i ~d|xs gj xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis |icuek` gk o|idxek` kip ogkxikx dkh kip

fekhs gj ir~i|eikois# dcsg ogkxikx ekkgzdxegk es d xu~i gj ekkgzdxegk xbdx es gjxik

gzi|cggfih pbik hidcek` pexb ekkgzdxegk ek xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis+ Xbes ae`bx i+`+

ekocyhi d kip pdu gj sxg|uxiccek` ek d XZ _i|eis g| d Zehig @dai g| d kip sxuci ek

ayseo pbeob ek xbi ikh bds d ~|gjgykh ea~dox gk xbi hizicg~aikx dkh ad|fix

syooiss gj xbi si`aikx ek tyisxegk+ Jy|xbi|ag|i# ek xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis# ayob

ekkgzdxegk es behhik "o~+ Ldfsbe ix dc%# e+i+ ex es kgx liek` od~xy|ih lu xbi ocdsseodc

ekkgzdxegk ekheodxg|s+

Ds xbisi hejji|ikx ykhi|sxdkhek`s dkh jdoixs gj ekkgzdxegk sbgp# ekkgzdxegk es kgxgkcu xiobkgcg`u!h|ezik# lyx es exsicj d ~|goiss pbeob ekzgczis d zd|eixu gj

sxdfibgchi|s lgxb j|ga pexbek lysekissis dkh j|ga xbi gyxsehi+ Xbi|ijg|i# gy|

sxyhu dkh xbi oexu ~|gjecis jgoys kgx gkcu gk sek`ci lysekissis j|ga xbi O|idxezi

Ekhysx|eis# lyx gk xbie| lysekiss iogsusxia# pbeob ekocyhis xbi pbgci lysekiss

ikze|gkaikx# |isid|ob g|`dke}dxegks# ekxi|aihed|eis ixo+ Ex dssyais xbdx ekkgzdxegks

gooy| ek xbgsi zi|u iogsusxias# pbeob d|i `iki|dxih lu xbi ekxi|doxegk gj hejji|ikx

sxdfibgchi|s# xbie| |is~ioxezi doxegks# |ycis# kg|as dkh xggcs+

Xbes ehid xbdx O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis ogkx|elyxi xg ekkgzdxegk ek gxbi| sioxg|s gj xbi

iogkgau dkh xbi ykhi|cuek` ~i|s~ioxezi gk iogkgaeo iogsusxias |dxbi| xbdk gk

sek`ci sioxg|s ! es sx|gk`cu cekfih xg xbi ogkoi~x gj g~ik ekkgzdxegk "Obisl|gy`b>?%+ Doog|hek` xg xbes ogkoi~x# lysekissis xghdu aysx g~ik xbie| ekkgzdxegk

~|goissis xg irxi|kdc doxg|s dkh ikxi| ekxg hedcg`yi pexb xbie| ikze|gkaikx izik

pexb oga~ixexg|s ! ek g|hi| xg sxdu oga~ixexezi+

D adek bu~gxbises gj xbes sxyhu es xbi|ijg|i# xbdx xbi xikhikou xg ekkgzdxi |esis pexb

xbi cizic gj ekxi|doxegk gj lysekissis pexb xbie| ikze|gkaikx+

Ogksityikxcu# xbes bgcesxeo zeip gk lysekissis dkh xbie| |is~ioxezi ikze|gkaikx

ea~ceis xbdx xbi od~doexu gj lysekissis xg obdk`i dkh ekkgzdxi hi~ikhs gk jy|xbi|

doxg|s dkh xbie| ekjcyikoi dkh ea~dox+ Ogg~i|dxegk pexb ~d|xki|s j|ga hejji|ikx

sioxg|s# lysekissis g| |isid|ob xy|ks gyx xg li o|yoedc jg| ekkgzdxegk gk dcc cizics+

Ogaaykeodxegk# ogg|hekdxegk lixpiik hejji|ikx doxg|s# g|`dkesdxegkdc oycxy|i dkh

xbi ~|gagxegk gjxdcikxs d|i xbi|ijg|i ds ea~g|xdkx jg| ekkgzdxegk ds xiobkgcg`eodc

obdk`i+

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EKKGZDXEGK EK O\IDXEZI EKHY_X\EI_

Hyi xg xbie| |icdxezicu sadcc se}i dkh d be`b sbd|i gj si|zeoi!g|eikxih lysekiss

aghics# lysekissis j|ga O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis xu~eodccu bdzi d be`b hi`|ii gjekxi|doxegk dkh ogg~i|dxegk pexb xbie| ikze|gkaikx+ Xbes ir~cdeks xbdx O|idxezi

Ekhysx|eis lysekissis xy|k gyx xg li se`kejeodkxcu ag|i ekkgzdxezi xbdk ikxi|~|esis

j|ga gxbi| fkgpcih`i ekxiksezi sioxg|s "Acci| ix dc+ ">2%%+

Pbik cggfek` dx xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|u sioxg|s ek ag|i hixdec# xbgsi sioxg|s pbeob

xu~eodccu bdzi xe`bx cekfd`is xg gxbi| lysekissis i+`+ ds si|zeoi g| xiobkgcg`u

~|gzehi| sbgp xbi sx|gk`isx ceficebggh xg ekkgzdxi= Acci| ix dc ">2% d|i dlci xg

~|gzi xbdx ^ylcesbek`# Dhzi|xesek`# _gjxpd|i# Ogkxikx sioxg|s |i~g|x be`b sbd|is gj

ekkgzdxg|s# Hise`k sbgps dk dzi|d`i ~|gldlecexu pbi|ids d|obexioxy|i es xbi gkcu

sioxg| licgp dzi|d`i sbd|i gj ekkgzdxg|s+

Bgpizi|# gy| |i~g|x hgis kgx jgoys gk ekkgzdxegk pexbek O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis dcgki#

lyx dcsg xdfis ekxg ogksehi|dxegk xbi ijjioxs gk gxbi| ekhysx|eis=

EKKGZDXEGK _^ECC GZI\

O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis d|i dk ea~g|xdkx ~|gzehi| gj kgzic xggcs# xiobkgcg`eis g| ehids

dkh xbi|ilu ogkx|elyxi xg ekkgzdxegk ek gxbi| sioxg|s gj xbi iogkgau ds picc "ek~yx!

h|ezik ekkgzdxegk%+ Gk xbi gxbi| bdkh# adku l|dkobis gj xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis |icu

gk kgzic xiobkgcg`eis xbys xbiu `iki|dxi ekkgzdxegk ek gxbi| lysekiss sioxg|s

~d|xeoycd|cu ek xbi jeich gj EOX zed xbie| hiadkh gj kgzic xiobkgcg`eis "hiadkh h|ezik ekkgzdxegk%+

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42%= Ldof`|gykh ~d~i| gk EOX dkh O|idxezi

Ekhysx|eis# _xyhu ~|i~d|ih jg| xbi IY!~|gmiox O\iDXI# >2# Y\C=

bxx~=''ppp+cixs!

o|idxi+iy'jecidhaek'Wo|idxi'hgpkcgdhs'L@^WEOXWdkhWO|idxeziWEkhysx|eisW

>2+~hj

Bik|u Obisl|gy`b ">?%= G~ik Ekkgzdxegk= xbi kip ea~i|dxezi jg| o|idxek` dkh

~|gjexek` j|ga xiobkgcg`u# Bd|zd|h Lysekiss _obggc ^|iss+

HOA_ ">4%= O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis Ad~~ek` Hgoyaikx >4# Y\C=

bxx~=''ppp+oycxy|i+`gz+yf'ead`is'~ylceodxegks'jg|ipg|h+~hj

Fiu Oexeis @|gy~ ">0%= Ad~~ek` Ekkgzdxegk Od~dlecexeis+ Jekdc \i~g|x xg Ug|fsbe|i

dkh Byali|+ Y\C=

bxx~=''ppp+ciihsoexu|i`egk+`gz+yf'y~cgdhihJecis'\isid|obWdkhW^ylceodxegks'

@iki|dcW^ylceodxegks'A>2)!)D~~ikher:WEkkgzdxegkWAd~~ek`+~hj

Edk Aecis dkh Cdp|ikoi @|iik ">0%= Behhik ekkgzdxegk ek xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis#

KI_XD \i~g|x# Y\C= bxx~=''ppp+kisxd+g|`+yf'dssixs'Y~cgdhs'~hj'\isid|ob!

\i~g|x'behhikWekkgzdxegkWekWo|idxeziWEkhysx|eisW|i~g|xWKI_XD+~hj

Fdxb|ek Acci|# Ob|esxedk \daai|# Mgbdkkis X|lu ">2%= Xbi \gci gj O|idxezi

Ekhysx|eis ek Ekhysx|edc Ekkgzdxegk# ]IP Hesoyssegk ^d~i| Kg+ >2!4>5# Y\C=

jx~=''jx~+}ip+hi'~yl'}ip!hgos'h~'h~>24>5+~hj

Xgleds Keicsk ">8%= Ykhi|sxdkhek` xbi Ir~i|eikoi Ekhysx|u+ D _pihesb

^i|s~ioxezi gk O|idxezexu+ Y\C=

bxx~=''ppp+kg|hik+ii'jdeceh'Jeci'OE)ogkji|ikoi'Ir~i|eikoi)Ekhysx|uW_pihik)TKL+~hj

Mysxek GOgkkg| ">0%= Xbi Oycxy|dc dkh O|idxezi ekhysx|eis+ D \izeip gj xbi

Cexi|dxy|i+ ih+ Lu= O|idxezi ^d|xki|sbe~s# D|xs Ogykoec gj Ik`cdkh# Y\C=

bxx~=''ppp+o|idxezi!~d|xki|sbe~s+oga'O^WCex\iz8+~hj

Mdsgk ^gxxs# Fdxi Ag||esgk ">5%= Kyh`ek` Ekkgzdxegk+ Jejxb `iki|dxegk ekkgzdxegk#

libdzegy|dc ogksx|dekxs# dkh xbi |gci gj o|idxezi lysekiss ogksehi|dxegks jg|

xbi KI_XD ekkgzdxegk zgyobi|s ~ecgx# Y\C=

bxx~=''ppp+kisxd+g|`+yf'dssixs'Y~cgdhs'~hj'\isid|ob!

\i~g|x'kyh`ek`WkkgzdxegkW|i~g|xWKI_XD+~hj

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IOGKGAU

Xbi |i`egk es gki gj xbi gchisx ekhysx|u |i`egks ek Iy|g~i+ ^d|xeoycd|cu xbi Xirxeci

dkh Jggh ekhysx|eis bdzi liik gj |icizdkoi xg xbi iogkgau gj xbi oexu+ Xbi oexu gjDdobik dcsg ysih xg li xbi dhaekesx|dxezi oikx|i jg| xbi ogdc!aekek` ekhysx|eis ek

kie`blgy|ek` ~cdois xg xbi kg|xbidsx+ Bgpizi|# xbi xirxeci ekhysx|eis# bdzi liik

hidh jg| dcagsx bdcj d oikxy|u kgp dkh xbys# dcsg hyi xg xbi hioceki gj ogdc!aekek`

ek xbi \yb|!@ileix# xbi oexu bds ykhi|`gki d sx|yoxy|dc obdk`i+

Ykia~cguaikx es d si|egys obdccik`i jg| xbi oexu "44#9) ek aeh!>5% ds es xbi

|icdxezicu cgp ~i| od~exd ekogai+ Bgpizi|# Ddobik es d `|gpek` oexu ek xi|as gj

~g~ycdxegk "8+:) lixpiik >< dkh >0+>>> xg 9>> oga~dkeis ek xbi |i`egk%+

EKXI\KDXEGKDC KIXPG\F_

Ds ~d|x gj xbi Iy|i`eg Adds!\biek= "bxx~=''ppp+iy|i`eg!a|+g|`% o|gss!lg|hi|

ogg~i|dxegk ~cdus d ~d|xeoycd| |gci+ Ddobik dcsg licgk`s xg xbi je|sx @i|adk!Hyxob

o|gss!lg|hi| soeikoi lysekiss ~d|f DZDKXE_ "bxx~=''ppp+dzdkxes+g|`'%# cgodxih

lixpiik Ddobik dkh Bii|cik+

Dhhexegkdccu# xbi oexeis gj Ddobik# Bdssicx# Bii|cik# Ce`i dkh Addsx|eobx bdzi li`yk

xg ekxikseju xbie| ogg~i|dxegk ykhi| xbi xexci gj xbi ADBBC oexeis+ Xbie| dea es xg

|i~|isikx xbi ekxi|isxs gj xbisi cd|`i y|ldk d|ids ek o|gss!lg|hi| aiixek`s+ Xbisi~d|xki| oexeis dcsg ogkxekyi xg ekxikseju xbie| ogg~i|dxegk pexb |i`d|h xg iogkgau#

soeikoi# |ixdec lysekiss# oycxy|i dkh xgy|esa+

Ddobik es dcsg ~d|xki| ek xbi Iekhbgzik!Ciyzik!Ddobik!X|edk`ci ~|gmiox "ICDX%#

pbeob deas dx jgsxi|ek` ogg~i|dxegk lixpiik xbi oexeis# ykezi|sexeis dkh |i`egkdc

hizicg~aikx cgodxegks+ "bxx~=''ppp+icdx+g|`%

D |ioikxcu ~ylcesbih |i~g|x?

jgoysis gk o|gss!lg|hi| doxezexeis ek xbi jeich gj oycxy|i#

dssissis gk`gek` doxezexeis ek xbi jeich dkh xdfis dk gyxcggf gk g~~g|xykexeis jg| xbi

d~~ceodxegk ds o|gss!lg|hi| Iy|g~idk Oycxy|dc Od~exdc

< O~+ bxx~=''ppp+eksa!pepg!sxdihxi|dkfek`+hi'>2WsxdhxWddobik+bxac

? bxx~=''ppp+oycxy|dc!iogkgau+iy'fplWcWjekdcW:!HI+~hj

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> sxyhikxs dxxikh Ddobiks jgy|

admg| ogcci`is dkh ykezi|sexeis "\bekicdkh!Pisx~bdcedk Xiobkeodc Ykezi|sexu V\PXBQ#

Ykezi|sexu gj D~~ceih _oeikois# Odxbgceo Ykezi|sexu gj D~~ceih _oeikois dkh Dodhiau

gj Ayseo%+ Xbi soeikxejeo oga~ixikoi dzdecdlci ek Ddobik bds dxx|doxih jdagysekxi|kdxegkdc ikxi|~|esis dkh |isid|ob eksxexyxegks+

Xbi iogkgaeo syooiss sxg|u gj Ddobik es d |isycx gj ogg~i|dxegk lixpiik xbi

ykezi|sexeis dkh xbi obdali|s gj ekhysx|u# |isid|ob eksxexyxegks# oga~dkeis# lysekiss

isxdlcesbaikx oikx|is dkh xbi oexus dhaekesx|dxegk+

Xbi agsx ea~g|xdkx |isid|ob eksxexyxegks "sicioxegk%=

\bekicdkh!Pisx~bdcedk Xiobkeodc Ykezi|sexu "\PXB%

bxx~=''ppp+|pxb!ddobik+hi

\PXB Ddobik Ykezi|sexu es obd|doxi|esih lu exs sx|ik`xb ek soeikoi dkh ik`ekii|ek`

ihyodxegk+ Ex dcsg ~|gzehis d pehi |dk`i gj sylmioxs ek Iogkgaeos# D|xs dkh

Byadkexeis dkh Aiheoeki pexb dk ia~bdses gk ekxiksezi ekxi|doxegk lixpiik dcc

hesoe~cekis+ Xbi jgoys gk ekxi|hesoe~cekd|exu ek |isid|ob dkh xidobek` es d he|iox

|is~gksi xg xbi hiadkhs ~cdoih gk jyxy|i ugyk` ~|gjissegkdcs+

5 oga~ixikoi * l|dkob kixpg|fs# eksxexyxis d|i ogkkioxih xg \PXB# i+`+ ek xbi

jeichs gj adxi|edcs# xirxeci# iogsusxia dkdcuses# oga~dku ouli|kixeos# iciox|eoexu#

oi|daeos+

Jy|xbi|ag|i xbi 'Eksxexyxi jg| \isid|ob ek Xirxecis' es oy||ikxcu dx jgykhdxegk# pbeobpecc ogaleki eksxexyxis# oy||ikxcu pg|fek` ekhi~ikhikxcu# dcc pexb d jgoys gk |isid|ob

ek xirxecis+ Xbi jgoys pecc kgx li gk xbi ~|ghyoxegk gj be`b!tydcexu' !xiob

adxi|edcs'xirxecis xbdx odk li ysih ek aiheoeki# dyxgagxezi# di|gs~doi g|

ogksx|yoxegk+

Ykezi|sexu gj D~~ceih _oeikois

bxx~=ppp+jb!ddobik+hi

Ek 4504# xbi Ddobik Ykezi|sexu gj D~~ceih _oeikois pds o|idxih j|ga xbi

ogksgcehdxegk gj sizi|dc ykezi|sexeis gj d~~ceih soeikois dkh ~|gjissegkdc x|dekek`

eksxexyxegks+ Xbig|u dkh ~|doxeoi d|i ocgsicu ogkkioxih xb|gy`bgyx xbi ikxe|i

~|g`|daai gj sxyhu+ Xbes g|eikxdxegk xgpd|h ~|doxeodc ~|gjissegkdc ir~i|eikoi

`yd|dkxiis sxyhikxs d ~|gjissegkdccu g|eikxih dkh |isid|ob!ldsih ihyodxegk+

Xbi ykezi|sexu bds ag|i xbdk 2>>> sxyhikxs dkh gjji|s ldobicg| dkh adsxi| ogy|sis

ek xbi d|ids gj ik`ekii|ek` soeikoi# lysekiss dkh hise`k+ _izi|dc hi`|ii

~|g`|daais d|i gjji|ih ds hydc dkh gooy~dxegkdc hi`|ii ~|g`|daais+

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sicj!ia~cguih ~i|sgksdkh xdrdlci lysekissis pexb d xgxdc xy|kgzi| zgcyaigj

IY\ 4+8 leccegk+ Xbi sbd|i gj xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eisek xbi gzi|dcc iogkgau dagykxs

xg :+9 ~i| oikx pbikcggfek` dx xbi kyali| gj ikxi|~|esis dkh ?+? ~i| oikxpexb

|is~iox xg xy|kgzi| zdcyi+

Xbi hizicg~aikx gzi| xbi cdsx 9 uid|s sbgps xbi eko|idsek` ea~g|xdkoi xbi Oycxy|dc

dkh O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis bdzi `dekih jg| xbi Ddobik iogkgaeo |i`egk+ Xbi kyali| gj

sicj!ia~cguih ~i|sgks dkh lysekissis |gsi lu 42 ~i| oikx dkh 45+4 ~i| oikx

|is~ioxezicu lixpiik >> dkh >9# pbi|ids xbi og||is~gkhek` je`y|is jg| xbi |isx

gj Kg|xb \beki!Pisx~bdced dagykxih xg gkcu 4>+9 ~i| oikx dkh 4

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9

Kyali| gj ikxi|~|esis dkh xy|kgzi|s# >9# dlsgcyxi je`y|is dkh ~i|oikxd`i

obdk`is# >9 oga~d|ih xg >>

:

:

_gy|oi= Xy|kgzi| sxdxesxeos# CH_ K\P >06 odcoycdxih lu A+ _khi|adkk# o~+O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis ek Ddobik+ ^gxikxedcs gj d Xgpk# >0# ~+9+

Obdk`is ek ~i| oikx

Iogkgaeo sioxg| Ikxi|~|esis

Xgxdc ek

>9

Xy|kgzi|

IY\ 4#>>>

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>9

oga~d|ih

xg

>>

E+ Oycxy|dc Ekhysx|eis

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ekhysx|u

4>4 859#> >+> 488#0

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L|gdhodsxek`'XZ og|~g|dxegks 5 ?#>88 4

^i|jg|aek`'zesydc d|xs# cexi|dxy|i#

ayseo

80? 99#02: 48+> 48+>

Mgy|kdcesxs# kips d`ikoeis 489 4?#>?5 89+> 4>2#2

Aysiya sbg~s# d|x irbelexegks ixo+ !8+2 !:>#9

Lggf# ayseo dkh d|x x|dhi 4?0 40:#2>: !8+? ?5#0

D|obexioxy|dc gjjeois ::2 449#459 !?+2 !#?

Hise`k "ekhysx|edc# |d~beo#

ogaaykeodxegk%

8:: 4>4#99+4 80#:)^HJ+~hj7AIHEDWEH1

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?>Xbi oexus ~gcexeodc ~|eg|exeis jgoys ~d|xeoycd|cu gk ikze|gkaikxdc# iogkgaeo dkh

bidcxb |icdxih sx|dxi`eis+2Jy|xbi|ag|i xbi Oexu bds ~|eg|exe}ih _oeikoi ds d fiu

iogkgaeo h|ezi|+ Xbes es ek ceki pexb Le|aek`bdas _oeikoi Oexu sxdxys dkh lyechs gk

xbi |isid|ob ir~i|xesi gj Le|aek`bda dkh Dsxgk Ykezi|sexeis "pexb Pd|peof dcsg

ogkx|elyxek` xg xbes doxezexu%+

IOGKGAU

Xbi oexus |i~yxdxegk pds jg|`ih ds d ~gpi|bgysi gj xbi Ekhysx|edc \izgcyxegk ek

Ik`cdkh# d jdox pbeob cih xg Le|aek`bda liek` fkgpk ds ,xbi pg|fsbg~ gj xbi

pg|ch, g| xbi ,oexu gj d xbgysdkh x|dhis,+ Dcxbgy`b Le|aek`bdas `|ip xg

~|gaekikoi ds d adkyjdoxy|ek` dkh ik`ekii|ek` oikx|i# exs iogkgau xghdu es

hgaekdxih lu xbi si|zeoi sioxg|# pbeob ek >? doogykxih jg| 02) gj xbi oexus

iogkgaeo gyx~yx dkh 50) gj exs iogkgaeo `|gpxb+

^d|xeoycd|cu xbi jekdkoedc sioxg| bds cih xg xbes sx|yoxy|dc obdk`i# pexb xpg gj L|exdeks

le` jgy| ldkfs jgykhih ek Le|aek`bda "Ccguhs# B_LO% dkh ag|i xbdk 4>>+>>> mgls

ek ldkfek` jekdkoek` dkh eksy|dkoi+

His~exi xbi hioceki gj adkyjdoxy|ek` ek xbi oexu sizi|dc se`kejeodkx ekhysx|edc ~cdkxs

|iadek# ekocyhek` Md`yd| Od|s ek Odsxci L|gapeob dkh Odhly|u X|ilg| Ldssixx+

EKXI\KDXEGKDC KIXPG\F_

Le|aek`bda es d ~d|xki| ek xbi Ceslgk \i`egks Kixpg|f dkh Iy|gOexeis+

Ex dcsg sy~~g|xs I\\EK kixpg|f "Ekkgzdxegk dkh \isid|ob% xb|gy`b Pisx Aehcdkhs ek

Iy|g~i+

Le|aek`bda bds Xpekkek` D||dk`iaikxs pexb xbi jgccgpek` oexeis=

Obeod`g# Ykexih _xdxis

J|dkfjy|x# @i|adku

@ydk`}bgy# Obekd

Mgbdkkisly|`# _gyxb Dj|eod

Cie~}e`# @i|adku

Kdkmek`# Obekd

Cugk# J|dkoi

Aecdk# Exdcu

Ae|~y|# ^dfesxdk ! J|eikhsbe~ d`|iiaikx

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?4xbi cd|`isx# jdsxisx `|gpek` lysekiss dkh ~|gjissegkdc si|zeoi sioxg| ek xbi YF

gyxsehi gj Cgkhgk+

Xghdu xbi |i`egks iogkgau es adekcu ldsih gk xbi jgccgpek` sioxg|s=

Jekdkoedc _i|zeois * Eksy|dkoi

Pexb ag|i xbdk 4>>+>>> mgls dkh adku admg| ekxi|kdxegkdc dkh kdxegkdc ~cdui|s

bdzek` xbie| bidhtyd|xi|s ek Le|aek`bda# xbi jekdkoedc dkh eksy|dkoi sioxg| es gki gj

xbi admg| h|ezi|s gj xbi iogkgau+ Bgpizi|# |i`d|hek` xbi oy||ikx jekdkoedc o|eses#

xbes hgaekdkoi es dcsg xbi sgy|oi gj ~d|xeoycd| iogkgaeo |esfs+

EOX

Xbi Pisx Aehcdkhs es bgai xg d sx|gk` ikx|i~|ikiy|edc ocysxi| gj EOX oga~dkeis+

Ekxi|kdxegkdc lysekissis cefi Jymexsy# ELA dkh Od~ @iaeke d|i cgodxih ek xbi d|id+

Xbi EOX sioxg|# oy||ikxcu `|gpek` dx d |dxi gj ) ~i| dkkya# es xbi |iog`kesih

oikx|i gj xbi YF sgjxpd|i ekhysx|u+

Aiheodc Xiobkgcg`u

Xbi |i`egk bds dcsg liogai d jgodc ~gekx jg| s~ioedcesx aiheodc xiobkgcg`u

oga~dkeis+ Gzi| 4:#>>> ia~cguih do|gss xbi |i`egk ek xbes sioxg| dcgki+

X|dks~g|x Xiobkgcg`u

His~exi xbi sx|yoxy|dc obdk`i# gzi| d xbe|h gj dcc od|s ~|ghyoih ek xbi YF d|i adhi ek

Le|aek`bda g| Ogzikx|u# pexb Cdkh \gzi| Md`yd| ds d admg| ia~cgui|+

Ogksyai| ~|ghyoxs

Xbi |i`egk es cidhek` ek xbi ekkgzdxegk'ogkxia~g|d|u hise`k cih ~|ghyoxs ekhysx|u+ Ex

bgsxs d |dk`i gj ekkgzdxezi oga~dkeis ek xbi jeich gj Oi|daeos# Mipicci|u# @cdss#

Cidxbi| @gghs# Ocgxbek`# Jy|kexy|i dkh Od|~ixs+ I+`+ Le|aek`bdas Mipicci|u Tyd|xi|

bds sfeccih `gchsaexbs dkh mipicci|u adfi|s pbg adkyjdoxy|i 0>) gj dcc YF

mipicci|u+ Pdcsdcc es bgai xg xbi L|exesb _dhhci pexb gzi| 2> ityisx|edk ekhysx|u

oga~dkeis ldsih xbi|i+ _xgy|l|eh`i bds d sx|gk` ogkoikx|dxegk gj xbi |i`egks `cdss

oga~dkeis+ Xbi ocgxbek` ekhysx|u# ldsih d|gykh xbi Lcdof Ogykx|u# Le|aek`bda dkh

Ogzikx|u# ogksesxs gj :>> oga~dkeis dkh ia~cgus 44+>>> ~ig~ci+ > ~ig~ci d|i

pg|fek` ek d~~+ >> jy|kexy|i oga~dkeis xb|gy`bgyx xbi |i`egk+

Xgy|esa

Xgy|esa es dk eko|idsek`cu ea~g|xdkx ~d|x gj xbi cgodc iogkgau+ Pexb admg| jdoecexeis

syob ds xbi Ekxi|kdxegkdc Ogkzikxegk Oikx|i dkh Kdxegkdc Irbelexegk Oikx|i xbi

Le|aek`bda d|id doogykxs jg| 8

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?# Le|aek`bda pds Ik`cdkhs je|sx oezeo ykezi|sexu# pbi|i sxyhikxs

j|ga dcc |ice`egks dkh ldof`|gykhs pi|i dooi~xih gk dk itydc ldses+ Xbi Ykezi|sexus

sxyhikx ~g~ycdxegk ekocyhis 42#9>> ykhi|`|dhydxi dkh mysx gzi| 2#>>> ~gsx`|dhydxisxyhikxs+ Gk dzi|d`i# ) gj exs ykhi|`|dhydxis d|i |io|yexih cgodccu+

Dsxgk Ykezi|sexu

bxx~=ppp4+dsxgk+do+yf

Jgykhih ek 4259 dkh d Ykezi|sexu sekoi 45::# Dsxgk es d cgk` isxdlcesbih |isid|ob!

cih Ykezi|sexu pexb sx|gk` cekfs xg ekhysx|u# `gzi|kaikx dkh ogaai|oi+ Ex bds d~~+

4>+>>> sxyhikxs dkh gjji|s d |dk`i gj ykhi|`|dhydxi dkh ~gsx`|dhydxi hi`|ii

~|g`|daais+ Dsxgk Ykezi|sexu dcsg pg|fs pexb xbi ~ylceo dkh ~|ezdxi sioxg| xg

hizicg~ xdecg|ih Ogkxekyek` ^|gjissegkdc Hizicg~aikx dkh Jgykhdxegk Hi`|ii

~|g`|daais+ Exs |isid|ob jgoysis gk=

Bidcxb * piccliek`

G|`dkesdxegkdc ijjioxezikiss

Ik`ekii|ek` sgcyxegks

Cdk`yd`i * sgoeixu

Xbi cid|kek` ir~i|eikoi

Le|aek`bda Oexu Ykezi|sexu

bxx~=''ppp+loy+do+yf'

LOY es d cd|`i# aycxe!oycxy|dc ykezi|sexu pexb

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??

Kipadk Ykezi|sexu Ogcci`i

bxx~=''ppp+kipadk+do+yf'

Kipadks aessegk es oikx|ih gk xbi Odxbgceo zdcyis gj xgci|dkoi dkh ekocysegk+ Ds d

Odxbgceo Ykezi|sexu Ogcci`i# Kipadk picogais sxdjj dkh sxyhikxs gj dcc |ice`egks dkh

ldof`|gykhs+ Ex gjji|s ykhi|`|dhydxi dkh `|dhydxi ogy|sis dkh exs |isid|ob es

g|`dke}ih ek xbi jgccgpek` `|gy~s=

Oikx|i jg| Oexe}iksbe~ Ihyodxegk

Ogaaykexu dkh ^|gjissegkdc Hizicg~aikx

O|idxezi D|xs "o~+ ag|i ekjg|adxegk licgp%

Ihyodxegk dkh ^|gjissegkdc _xyheis

Ik`cesb Besxg|u

^suobgcg`u _~g|xs _xyheis

Ykezi|sexu Ogcci`i Le|aek`bda

bxx~=''ppp+yol+do+yf'

Xbi Ogcci`i gjji|s d zd|eixu gj ykhi|`|dhydxi ~|g`|daais# `|dhydxi hi`|iis dkh

xiobkeodc dkh zgodxegkdc x|dekek` xg d~~+ 0>>> sxyhikxs+

_yxxgk Ogchjeich Ogcci`i

bxx~=''ppp+syxogc+do+yf'

_yxxgk Ogchjeich |isycxs j|ga d ai|`i| lixpiik Kg|xb Le|aek`bda Ogcci`i ek >?

dkh Mgsedb Adsgk Ogcci`i ek >: xg jg|a gki gj xbi cd|`isx jy|xbi| ihyodxegk

ogcci`is ek xbi ogykx|u+

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?8Xbi|i d|i d~~+ :9>> ~ig~ci pg|fek` ek 2>> d|obexioxy|i oga~dkeis+ Xbes sioxg| es

xbi|ijg|i gki gj xbi sx|gk`isx pexb |i`d|hs xg ia~cguaikx+

D|xs * Dkxetyis

Pexb 4> oga~dkeis xbes sioxg| ~|gzehis agsx gj xbi o|idxezi lysekissis+ Bgpizi|#xbes es dcsg hyi xg xbie| |icdxezicu sadcc se}i+ Dlgyx :0>> ~ig~ci d|i pg|fek` ek xbi

jeich+ Xbi |i`egk es d kdxegkdc oikx|i gj hise`k mipicci|u+

Jy|xbi| sioxg|s# syob ds

Ayseo# Jeca dkh ^i|jg|aek` D|x

Zehig# Jeca# ^bgxg`|d~bu

Dhzi|xesek`

\dheg'XZ dkh

Hise`k * Jdsbegk

d|i ~|gzehek` d~~+ :>>> mgls+5

Xbi|i d|i dcsg ogccdlg|dxegks lixpiik xbi oexu dkh i+`+ EFGK @dcci|u Idsxsehi

"bxx~=''ppp+efgk!`dcci|u+og+yf'% dkh ZEZEH "ppp+zezeh+g|`+yf'% xg ~|isikx xbi zesydc

d|xs ek xbi oexu+

0

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?9

Mipicci|u

Dcsg# LEDH ~|gzehis lysekiss sy~~g|x# x|dekek` dkh ogksycxdkou xg hise`ki|!adfi|s

ek xbi oexu+ Xbi Ykezi|sexu bds adku sx|dxi`eo cekfs xg hizicg~aikx g|`dkesdxegks

siifek` xg sy~~g|x xbi hise`ki|!adfi| ds d fiu iciaikx ek xbi |ikdessdkoi gj

Le|aek`bda+ Ex es fiik xg adfi kip cekfs xg bic~ lgxb sxyhikxs dkh exs jdsbegk!ldsihoga~dkeis+

Xbi Le|aek`bda _obggc gj Aihed

bxx~=''ppp+aihedogy|sis+oga'

Pexb d jgoys gk ekkgzdxegk# o|idxezexu dkh ikxi|~|esi# Xbi Le|aek`bda _obggc gj

Aihed gjji|s d pehi |dk`i gj ogy|sis# j|ga ykhi|`|dhydxi dkh ~gsx`|dhydxi

~|g`|daais xg ~|gjissegkdc dkh sbg|x ogy|sis `id|ih xgpd|hs xbi aihed ekhysx|u+

Jdoycxu gj Xiobkgcg`u Ekkgzdxegk dkh Hizicg~aikx "XEH%

bxx~=''ppp+xeo+do+yf'

Xbi XEH es d jdoycxu gj Le|aek`bda Oexu Ykezi|sexu dkh d kdxegkdc oikx|i gj iroiccikoi

jg| cid|kek`# ekkgzdxegk dkh xiobkgcg`u x|dksji|+

Xbi Ykezi|sexu sy~~g|xs ekhezehydcs# g|`dkesdxegks dkh ogaaykexeis ek hizicg~ek`

xbie| ykhi|sxdkhek` dkh od~dlecexeis pexbek d |d~ehcu hizicg~ek` xiobkgcg`u!ldsih

sgoeixu# ~|gzehek` oyxxek`!ih`i |isgy|ois dkh s~ioedcesih fkgpcih`i xg aiix xbi

hiadkhs gj xbi

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?:~i|jg|adkoi dkh ex bds d hiheodxih oikx|i jg| |isid|ob ekxg Oga~gsexegk dkh

^i|jg|adkoi Ysek` Xiobkgcg`u+

Kipadk Ogcci`i= O|idxezi D|xs \isid|ob @|gy~bxx~=''ppp+kipadk+do+yf'O|idxeziD|xs'

Xbi O|idxezi D|xs sylmiox d|id pds isxdlcesbih ek >0 xg l|ek` xg`ixbi| xbi

ir~i|xesi dkh |isid|ob ekxi|isxs gj sxdjj ek D|x dkh Hise`k# H|dad# Aihed dkh Ayseo+

_xyhikxs sxyhuek` ek xbisi sylmiox d|ids d|i ekzexih xg xdfi aghycis pbeob ogaleki

xbi d|x jg|as dkh aixbghs gj dkdcuses# ekocyhek` D|xs dkh Aihed dkh L|exesb Oycxy|i#

Jeca _xyheis# ^gsxaghi|k Oycxy|i dkh pg|f ~cdoiaikx aghycis ek O|idxezi D|xs

ogkxirxs+

He`exdc Oikx|i gj Adxxbip Lgycxgk Ogcci`i dkh _yxxgk Ogcci`i

Bdzek` g~ikih ek Mdkyd|u >2# xbi ogcci`i es bic~ek` xg iksy|i Le|aek`bda dkh exs

|isehikxs sxdu gki sxi~ dbidh gj xbi he`exdc d`ikhd+ Xbi oikx|i ~|gzehis dk ekse`bx

ekxg xbi jyxy|i gj he`exdc bgai ikxi|xdekaikx# ~|gzehek` ekjg|adxegk

hiagksx|dxegks xg fii~ ~ig~ci y~ xg s~iih pexb xbi obdk`is ek sxg|i+ Xbi kip

jdoecexu ekocyhis d se`kdc hesx|elyxegk oikx|i# d jdoecexu xg x|dek he`exdc di|edc eksxdcci|s#

dccgpek` xg hise`k dkh xisx susxias pbeob odk hicezi| he`exdc se`kdcs dkh ekjg|adxegk

xg dcc ~d|xs gj xbi bgai+ Xbi he`exdc bgai ir~i|eikoi oikx|i dccgps ~ig~ci xg bdzi d

`cea~si dx pbdx bgai ikxi|xdekaikx pecc gjji| pbik xbi spexobgzi| es oga~cixi ek

44+

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?0PAexd

bxx~=''ppp+yfexd+og+yf'le|aek`bda'dlgyx+bxa

PAexd es d aiali|sbe~ g|`dkesdxegk pexb cgodc l|dkobis |i~|isikxek` sadcc dkh

aiheya!se}ih lysekissis ek xbi EOX sioxg|+

Pisx Aehcdkhs Agleci dkh Pe|iciss

bxx~=''ppp+paap+g|`'

PAAP ~|gzehis ekkgzdxegk# kip ~|ghyox hizicg~aikx dkh dhg~xegk sy~~g|x jg|

oga~dkeis ekzgczih ek agleci dkh pe|iciss xiobkgcg`eis+

Dhzdkxd`i Pisx Aehcdkhs

bxx~=''ppp+dhzdkxd`ipa+og+yf+

X\DK_JI\ *_Y^^G\X

He`exdc Le|aek`bda

bxx~=''ppp+he`exdcle|aek`bda+og+yf

He`exdc Le|aek`bda es d oexu!pehi ~d|xki|sbe~ hise`kih xg ikogy|d`i ~ig~ci#

lysekiss dkh ogaaykexeis xg `dek xbi likijexs gj he`exdc xiobkgcg`eis syob ds xbioga~yxi|# ekxi|kix# agleci ~bgki dkh he`exdc XZ ! xg kdai lyx d jip+

Exs glmioxezi es xg ~|gagxi Le|aek`bdas x|dksexegk j|ga dk ekhysx|edc oexu xg d he`exdc

oexu lu h|ezek` jg|pd|h xbi ysi gj xbisi xiobkgcg`eis ek g|hi| xg eko|idsi ~|gs~i|exu#

fkgpcih`i dkh tydcexu gj ceji gj exs oexe}iks+

Ekexedccu six y~ lu Le|aek`bda Oexu Ogykoec dkh LX ex kgp bds adku cidhek` kdxegkdc

dkh |i`egkdc ~d|xki|s gk lgd|h ekocyhek` xbi LLO# Le|aek`bda ^gsx * Adec#

Le|aek`bda Obdali| gj Ogaai|oi dkh Ekhysx|u dkh adku ag|i+ Ex es dcsg d ~d|xki|

ek xbi IOOI ogksg|xeya+

Ogkxdox FI

bxx~=''ppp+ogkxdoxfi+og+yf

OgkxdoxFI es d Xiobkgcg`u dkh Fkgpcih`i X|dksji| g|`dkesdxegk jg| ogg~i|dxegk

lixpiik lysekissis dkh ykezi|sexeis dkh jy|xbi| |isid|ob g|`dkesdxegks+ Xbi

glmioxezis gj xbes ekexedxezi d|i xg sxeaycdxi dkh d|xeoycdxi ekxicce`ikx hiadkh j|ga

lysekiss dkh xg |is~gkh xg ehikxejeih lysekiss kiihs+

Hise`ks ekxg Lysekiss "OgkxdoxFI Ekexdxezi%

bxx~=''ppp+hise`ksekxglysekiss+og+yf

Xbi dea gj xbes ekexedxezi es xg ~|gagxi xbi sx|ik`xbs gj xbi BI hise`k od~dlecexu lgxb

ekxi|kdccu# xg xbie| dodhiaeo ogaaykexu# dkh irxi|kdccu xg xbi pehi| lysekiss

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?2ogaaykexu+ Xbi ekkgzdxezi doxegks ~|gmiox siifs xg dooga~cesb xbisi xdsfs xb|gy`b

d ogg|hekdxih doxegk ~cdk ldsih gk oy||ikx lysekiss dkh ogaaykexu ik`d`iaikx

pexbek xbi xbiai `|gy~+

LX X|dhis~doi

bxx~=''ppp+lxx|dhis~doi+oga

LX X|dhis~doi gjji|s lysekissis dk idsu |gyxi ekxg sgoedc aihed# ~|gzehek` xbia

pexb d ~cdxjg|a xg p|exi d lcg`# dhh ~eoxy|is dkh zehig# lyech ogaaykexeis dkh izik

sxd|x gkceki x|dhek`+ Ex ikogy|d`is lysekissis xg ysi xbi ~gxikxedc gj sgoedc aihed

dkh kixpg|f si|zeois# syob ds CekfihEk g| Xpexxi|+

O|idxezi Kixpg|fs * Pg|fs~dois "OgkxdoxFI ekexedxezi%

bxx~=''ppp+ogkxdoxfi+og+yf'O|idxeziKixpg|fs+ds~r

Xbes ~|gmiox deas xg ehikxeju d ~gxikxedc ogccdlg|dxezi kixpg|f j|daipg|f jg|x bi BI

_ioxg| ek xbi Pisx Aehcdkhs dkh xbi he`exdc o|idxezi ekhysx|eis+ Ex pecc ogccdxi

dzdecdlci pg|fs~doi pexbek xbi BI isxdlcesbaikxs ek xbi Pisx Aehcdkhs xg jdoecexdxi

xbes+

O|idxezi Ekse`bx

bxx~=''ppp+le|aek`bda+`gz+yf'@iki|dxiOgkxikx7OGKXIKXWEXIAWEH124

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?5

s dkh 452>s# Od|hejjs

~g~ycdxegk es `|gpek`+ Dlgyx ?+>>> ekbdlexdkxs d|i kgp cezek` pexbek xbi oexu d|id

dkh d xgxdc gj 4+8 aeccegk ~i|sgks d|i cezek` pexbek d 89 aekyxis h|ezi xeai j|ga xbi

oexu# ekocyhek` agsx gj xbi Od|hejj oexu |i`egk gj _gyxb Idsx Pdcis+ Xbi ixbkeo adfi!

y~ gj Od|hejjs ~g~ycdxegk dx xbi xeai gj xbi >4 oiksys pds= 54+:) pbexi# #>>> ~ig~ci j|ga dk ixbkeo aekg|exu cezi ek Od|hejj#

d|gykh 2+8) gj xbi oexus xgxdc ~g~ycdxegk+

Cefi dcc ~|g`|issezi oexeis Od|hejj es ad|fih lu dk gk`gek` hildxi dlgyx xbi sog~i jg|

ea~|gziaikx+ Ek >0 ex pds hioehih# xbdx |isgy|ois pgych li jgoysih gk dobeizek`

`|idxi| ogkkioxezexu# dxxdekek` be`bi| sfeccs dkh tydcejeodxegks# dxx|doxek` tydcexu

ia~cguaikx dkh jdoecexdxek` xbi ekoi~xegk dkh `|gpxb gjlysekissis+ Od|hejjs fiu

~gcexeodc glmioxezis bdzik liik hizicg~ih d|gykh xbi ,h|ezi|s gj y|ldk

oga~ixexezikiss, ds ehikxejeih lu xbi Iy|g~idk Eksxexyxi gj Y|ldk Djjde|s+ Xbiu jg|a

~d|x gj xbi oexus iogkgaeo sx|dxi`u4>

dkh ekocyhi xbi jgccgpek` sx|dxi`eo ciexagxejs=

Dk Ekxi|kdxegkdc Od~exdc Oexu

D Lysekiss Oexu

Dk Ekkgzdxezi Oexu

D _feccih Oexu

Dk Ikxi|~|esek` * Ekocysezi Oexu

4> Oga~ixexezi Od~exdc Od|hejjs Iogkgaeo _x|dxi`u >0 4

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8>

Dk Dooisselci Oexu

D _ysxdekdlci Oexu

IOGKGAU

Ds xbi od~exdc oexu gj Pdcis# Od|hejj es xbi adek ik`eki gj `|gpxb ek xbi Picsb

iogkgau+ Xbi iogkgau gj Od|hejj dkh dhmdoikx d|ids adfis y~ kid|cu ) gj Picsb

@H^ dkh 8>) gj xbi oexus pg|fjg|oi d|i hdecu ek!ogaayxi|s j|ga xbi sy||gykhek`

sgyxb idsx Pdcis d|id+ Lixpiik xbi ikh gj >9 dkh xbi ikh gj >:# Od|hejj

ir~i|eikoih dk eko|idsi gj 40> ZDX |i`esxi|ih lysekissis d >

jgccgpek` xbi ir~dksegk gj xbi E|esb _id ^d|xki|s Ogkji|ikois+ Dcc ser oexeis jdoi

44

Dx exs ~idf# Od|hejjs ~g|x d|id# fkgpk ds Xe`i| Ldu# liodai xbi lyseisx ~g|x ek xbipg|ch dkhjg| sgai xeaixbi pg|chs agsx ea~g|xdkx ogdc ~g|x+

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84seaecd| |i`iki|dxegk obdccik`is dkh xbi kixpg|f iresxs xg jdoecexdxi xbi irobdk`i gj

ekjg|adxegk dkh ir~i|eikoi gk ayxydc ~gceou essyis# ~|g`|daais dkh ci`escdxegk+

Ogaagkpidcxb Cgodc @gzi|kaikx Jg|ya "OC@J%ppp+oc`j+g|`+yf

Xbi OC@J pds jgykhih ek 4559 ds d jgoys jg| doxegk gk cgodc hiago|dou ek xbi

Ogaagkpidcxb+ Ex pg|fs xg ~|gagxi dkh sx|ik`xbik hiago|dxeo cgodc `gzi|kaikx#

ikogy|d`i xbi irobdk`i gj lisx ~|doxeoi# dkh iksy|i xbdx xbi zgeoi gj cgodc

`gzi|kaikx es bid|h+ _ekoi >:# Od|hejj Ogykoec bds |ioiezih jykhek` j|ga xbi OC@J

@ggh ^|doxeoi _obiai xg pg|f gk d kyali| gj hizicg~aikx ~|gmioxs pexb Ogobek

ek _gyxb Pisx Ekhed+ Od|hejj pecc dcsg li xbi bgsx oexu gj xbi Ogaagkpidcxb Cgodc

@gzi|kaikx Ogkji|ikoi ek Ad|ob 44+

Ogkji|ikoi gj Dxcdkxeo D|o Oexeis "ODDO%

ppp+d|odx+g|`

Xbi Ogkji|ikoi gj Dxcdkxeo D|o Oexeis# d kixpg|f pbeob l|ek`s xg`ixbi| ?> aiheya!

se}ih Iy|g~idk oexeis dkh y|ldk kixpg|fs j|ga xbi pisxi|k ~i|e~bi|eis gj Iy|g~i+

Xbisi oexeis# pbecsx |ixdekek` xbie| gpk ~|eg|exeis dkh ehikxexeis# bdzi d ogaagk

ekxi|isx ek xbi hizicg~aikx sx|dxi`u jg| xbi Iy|g~idk Ogaaykexu+ Gki gj xbi

kixpg|fs adek glmioxezis es xg ikogy|d`i~d|xki|sbe~s lixpiik aiali| oexeis ek

g|hi| xg ogkx|elyxi xg xbi iai|`ikoi gj dk d|id gj sgcehd|exu dkh xbi hizicg~aikx

gj ogg~i|dxegk ~|gmioxs+

Xpekkek` cekfs

Od|hejj bds cgk`sxdkhek` xpekkek` d||dk`iaikxs pexb xpg IOOI ~d|xki| oexeis Kdkxis

"sekoi 45:8% dkh _xyxx`d|x "sekoi 4599%# ds picc ds pexb=

Cybdksf# Yf|deki "sekoi 4592%

Bg|hdcdkh ogykxu# Kg|pdu "sekoi 455:%

Redaik# Jymedk ^|gzekoi# Obekd "sekoi 452?%

>> ek >0# d tyd|xi| gj xbi oexus pg|fjg|oi+ Oga~dkeis syob ds Ci`dc *

@iki|dc# Dhae|dc Eksy|dkoi# BLG_# ]y|eob# EK@ He|iox# Xbi DD# ^|ekoe~dcexu Lyechek`

_goeixu# 442442# L|exesb @ds# L|deks# _PDCIO Iki|`u dkh LX# dcc g~i|dxi cd|`i

kdxegkdc g| |i`egkdc bidhtyd|xi|s dkh ogkxdox oikx|is ek xbi oexu+ Bgpizi|# xghdu

xbes sioxg| es ~d|xeoycd|cu zycki|dlci xgpd|hs xbi ijjiox gj xbi `cgldc jekdkoedc o|eses+

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8>> pg|fi|s# sy~~g|xih lu ogccdlg|dxegks lixpiik ykezi|sexeis dkh lysekissis+

Xbi sioxg| es dcsg sy~~g|xih lu xbi Xiobkeya lysekiss kixpg|f

"bxx~=''ppp+xiobkeya+og+yf'% pbeob ky|xy|is ugyk` xiobkgcg`u oga~dkeis dkh

~|gzehis sy~~g|x xg dssesx ek xbie| hizicg~aikx+ Xbi legsoeikoi ocysxi| ek Pdcis es

lyecx d|gykh cekfs lixpiik Od|hejj Ykezi|sexu dkh xbi ~|ezdxi sioxg| oga~dkeis ek xbi

cgodcexu+ ^bd|adoiyxeodcs es dcsg |iog`kesih ds bdzek` d sx|gk` ~gxikxedc jg| |d~eh

iogkgaeo `|gpxb# pexb Od|hejj oy||ikxcu doogykxek` jg| d|gykh gki!xbe|h gj

~bd|adoiyxeodcs mgls ek Pdcis+

O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis

O|idxezi ekhysx|eis# ekocyhek` doxezexeis syob ds jeca# XZ# kip aihed# ~|ekxek` dkh

~ylcesbek`# d|i liogaek` eko|idsek`cu ea~g|xdkx pexbek xbi Od|hejj# Picsb dkh YF

iogkgaeis+ Od|hejj es xbi fiu h|ezi| gj xbi o|idxezi iogkgau ek Pdcis# pexb gzi|

4?#>>> ~ig~ci ia~cguih ek xbi sioxg|4< ek >0+ Xbi oexu doogykxs jg| d|gykh bdcj gj

dcc Picsb o|idxezi mgls+

Xiobkgcg`u

Od|hejj bds ir~i|eikoih se`kejeodkx ekzisxaikx ek Ekjg|adxegk dkh Ogaaykeodxegks

Xiobkgcg`u "EOX% ekj|dsx|yoxy|i ek |ioikx uid|s# pexb xbi oexu dkh pehi| |i`egk liek`

picc si|zih lu aghi|k ogaaykeodxegks+ Adku ekhysx|eis ogzi|ih lu xbes sioxg|

bdzi agzih j|ga be`b zgcyai ~|ghyoxegk xg s~ioedcesx# cgpi| zgcyai# be`b zdcyi!

dhhih ~|ghyoxegk+ _yob |isid|ob dkh hizicg~aikx "\*H% doxezexu es dkxeoe~dxih xg

li xbi sx|gk`isx h|ezi| gj iogkgaeo `|gpxb ek xbi sioxg|+ OgaaykeodxegksdkhOga~yxek` _i|zeois d|i ir~ioxih xg `|gp lu ?+09) dkh ?) |is~ioxezicu lixpiik

>:!4: dkh# jy|xbi|ag|i xbes es xbi xu~i gj sioxg| xbdx es ceficu xg dxx|dox gxbi|

be`b xiobkgcg`u je|as xg xbi d|id cidhek` xg d``cgai|dxegk likijexs+

Ciesy|i dkh Xgy|esa

Pexb 44+0 aeccegk zesexg|s ek >:# Od|hejj es d se`kejeodkx xgy|esx oikx|i dkh xbi agsx

~g~ycd| zesexg| hisxekdxegk ek Pdcis+ Pexb d|gykh 42#> pg|fi|s ia~cguih ek

4< _ioxg| hijekexegk oga~|esek` xbi jgccgpek` _EO Oghis= 4004 = Adkyjdoxy|i gj fkexxihdkh o|gobixih bgsei|u6 400< = Adkyjdoxy|i gj fkexxih dkh o|gobixih ~yccgzi|s#od|he`dks dkh seaecd| d|xeocis6 424> = Adkyjdoxy|i gj cidxbi| ocgxbis6 42

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8?ciesy|i dkh xgy|esa ekhysx|eis# xbi sioxg| doogykxih jg| d|gykh 5+9) gj xgxdc

ia~cguaikx ek xbi oexu ek >8+ Ia~cguaikx ek xbes sioxg| eko|idsih lu 49+?)

lixpiik >> dkh >8 be`bi| xbdk xbi L|exesb dzi|d`i lyx cgpi| xbdk xbi |dxi

ir~i|eikoih ek adku gj xbi YF Og|i Oexeis+

#>>> sxyhikxs pexb d be`b ~i|oikxd`i gj ~gsx`|dhydxi sxyhikxs+

_~ioedcesih |isid|ob oikx|is ekocyhi "sicioxegk%=

Hise`k Ik`ekii|ek` \isid|ob Oikx|i

Adkyjdoxy|ek` Ik`ekii|ek` Oikx|i

Ykezi|sexu gj @cdag|`dk

bxx~=''ppp+`cda+do+yf'

Xbi Ykezi|sexu gj @cdag|`dk bds gzi| keki hiodhis gj gyxsxdkhek` xidobek` dkh

cid|kek` dkh bgchs 4< xidobek` iroiccikoi dpd|hs ek fiu sylmiox d|ids dpd|hih luxbi Be`bi| Ihyodxegk Jykhek` Ogykoec jg| Pdcis "BIJOP%+

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88\iog`kesih lu Xbi @yd|hedk Cid`yi xdlcis ds xbi xg~ kip ykezi|sexu ek Pdcis jg| xbi

cdsx xb|ii uid|s# xbi Ykezi|sexu bds xb|ii oda~ysis cgodxih do|gss xbi Od|hejj oexu

|i`egk gjji|ek` d |dk`i gj xidobek` dkh |isid|ob ~|g`|daais j|ga Jdoycxeis

ekocyhek`= O|idxezi * Oycxy|dc Ekhysx|eis# Bidcxb# _~g|x dkh _oeikoi6 Dhzdkoih

Xiobkgcg`u # @cdag|`dk Lysekiss _obggc dkh Byadkexeis dkh _goedc _oeikois+ Ex bdsag|i xbdk +>>> sxyhikxs+

Dpd|h pekkek` |isid|ob oikx|is ekocyhi=

Oikx|i jg| \isid|ob dkh Ikxi|~|esi ek xbi O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis "PO\IOE%

Picsb Ikxi|~|esi Eksxexyxi "PIE%

Oikx|i jg| Ik`ekii|ek`# \isid|ob dkh Ikze|gkaikxdc D~~ceodxegks "OI\ID%

Oikx|i jg| Iciox|gkeo ^|ghyox Ik`ekii|ek` "OI^I%

_ysxdekdlci Ikze|gkaikx \isid|ob Oikx|i "_I\O%

\ikipdlci Buh|g`ik \isid|ob dkh Hiagksx|dxegk Oikx|i

?% ldsih gk \eobd|h Jcg|ehds ogkoi~x gj

o|idxezexu # Od|hejj es |dkfih 5xb

gk xbi cesx gj xbi YFs 4> agsx o|idxezi oexeis+ Od|hejj

4? O|idxezi Jyxy|i D Oycxy|i sx|dxi`u jg| Pdcis ">:%6 O|idxezi _yooiss= _x|dxi`u jg|

O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis ek Pdcis ">8%

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89dcsg pds d jekdcesx ek xbi Iy|g~idk Od~exdc gj Oycxy|i >2 oga~ixexegk lyx xbi xexci

jekdccu pikx xg xbi oexu gj Cezi|~ggc+

Lixpiik 4554 dkh >? xbi|i bds liik se`kejeodkx `|gpxb ek ia~cguaikx cizics ek

xbi o|idxezi ekhysx|eis ek Od|hejj# pexb ia~cguaikx `|gpxb gj 9>+4)# y~ j|ga 8#8>>

xg :#:>>+ Xbes be`bce`bxs xbi eko|idsek` ea~g|xdkoi dkh ogkx|elyxegk gj xbi o|idxezi

ekhysx|eis sioxg| xg Od|hejjs iogkgau+ Xbes `|gpxb pds ogksehi|dlcu be`bi| xbdk

xbdx ir~i|eikoih do|gss Pdcis "8>+?)%# dcxbgy`b sce`bxcu licgp xbi `|gpxb

ir~i|eikoih do|gss @|idx L|exdek ds d pbgci "98+5)% gzi| xbi sdai ~i|egh+ O|idxezi

ekhysx|eis d|i kgp doogykxek` jg| ?+0) gj xgxdc ia~cguaikx ek xbi oexu ek >?48

#

|ijcioxek` xbi se`kejeodkoi gj o|idxezi ekhysx|eis xg xbi oexus iogkgau+

~ig~ci

kid|cu dcc gj pbeob pg|f ek gjjceki aihed g| pil'ekxi|kix+ Dkeadxegk es d ~d|xeoycd|

sx|ik`xb ek Od|hejj pexb xbi xb|ii cidhek` Picsb dkeadxegk sxyhegs ocysxi|ih d|gykh

xbi Od|hejj Ldu d|id+ Od|hejj dcsg bds d `|gpek` oga~yxi| `daek` dkh sgjxpd|iekhysx|u dcxbgy`b xbes bds kgx uix hizicg~ih d ~d|xeoycd| byl ek xbi d|id

Hise`k

Pdcis bds d o|idxezi dkh hezi|si hise`k ekhysx|u+ Xbi Od|hejj Hise`k Jisxezdc

"bxx~=''ppp+od|hejjhise`kjisxezdc+g|`% gjji|s dk ekse`bx ekxg xbi |i`egkdc hise`k

soiki+ Ex es ogkzikih dkh jdoecexdxih lu Od|hejj _obggc gj D|x * Hise`k dx xbi

48 Dkkydc Lysekiss Ektye|u ">?%

49Xbi Jeca# XZ dkh Aycxeaihed _ioxg| ek Od|hejj ">?%4: Od|hejjs O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis ">5% H|djx \i~g|x lu LG^ Ogksycxek` I\HJ og!

jekdkoih xb|gy`b xbi IOOI Ekkgzdxegk ~|gmiox

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8:Ykezi|sexu gj Pdcis Eksxexyxi# Od|hejj "YPEO% ek ogccdlg|dxegk pexb ~d|xki|s j|ga xbi

o|idxezi ekhysx|eis dkh gxbi| ~ylceo lgheis dkh ~|ezdxi lysekissis+

Bgpizi|# cekfs lixpiik hise`k dkh x|dhexegkdc ekhysx|eis oikx|dc xg hicezi|ek`

dhhih zdcyi dkh iogkgaeo ea~dox d|i aessek`+ Xbi ~ylceo sioxg| es sxecc xbi agsx

ea~g|xdkx lyui| gj Picsb Hise`k+ Xbes es pbu xbi O|idxezi Jyxy|i _x|dxi`u gj xbi

Picsb Dssialcu |i`d|hs hise`k ds d ~|eg|exu d|id jg| hizicg~aikx+ Ex xbi|ijg|i

jgoysis s~ioejeodccu gk ea~|gzek` hise`k ihyodxegk dkh hise`k x|dksji| doxezexeis+

dpd|h!pekkek` |isid|ob oikx|is ekocyhek` xbi=

Od|hejj Byadkexeis \isid|ob Eksxexyxi

Od|hejj Pg|f Ikze|gkaikx \isid|ob Oikx|i

Oikx|i jg| @cgldc Cdlgy| \isid|ob

Oikx|i jg| Dhzdkoih _gjxpd|i dkh Ekxicce`ikx _usxias "OD_E_% Aiheodc Ik`ekii|ek` dkh Aiheodc ^buseos "Eksxexyxi jg|%

Od|hejj Ykezi|sexu Ekkgzdxezi Adkyjdoxy|ek` \isid|ob Oikx|i

Oikx|i jg| Lysekiss \icdxegksbe~s Doogykxdlecexu# _ysxdekdlecexu * _goeixu

Pdcis @iki ^d|f @ikgaeo Jdoecexu

Ykezi|sexu gj @cdag|`dks Od|hejj _obggc gj O|idxezi dkh Oycxy|dc Ekhysx|eis

bxx~=''ooe+`cda+do+yf'

Xbi Ykezi|sexu ekzisxih ?9 aeccegk ek xbi o|idxegk gj xbi kip Od|hejj oexu oikx|i

oda~ys hiheodxih xg xbi o|idxezi ekhysx|eis+ Xbes es lu jd|# xbi cd|`isx sek`ci

ekzisxaikx ek xbi o|idxezi ekhysx|eis ihyodxegk dkh |isid|ob ek Pdcis dkh es xbi je|sx

gj exs fekh ek Pdcis dkh xbi YF+ Exs ogy|sis jgoys gk xy|kek` xbi o|idxezi d|xs xgpd|hs

xbi kip iogkgau dkh lysekiss d~~ceodxegks+ Jgccgpek` dk ekxi|hesoe~cekd|u

d~~|gdob# ogy|sis d|i hise`kih xg adxob ikhy|ek` dkh iai|`ek` ekhysx|u x|ikhs

dkh kiihs pbixbi| o|idxek` ogkxikx jg| ekxi|doxezi aihed dkh xbi ly|`igkek`

he`exdc xicizesegk lysekiss# d~~cuek` ekxi|eg| hise`k sfeccs gk six ek xbi jeca ekhysx|u g|

`dekek` d xbig|ixeodc ykhi|sxdkhek` gj bgp xbi adss aihed ekjcyikoi sgoeixeis dkh

oycxy|is+

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80Ykezi|sexu gj Pdcis Eksxexyxi Od|hejj "YPEO% _obggc gj D|x * Hise`kbxx~=''ppp+osdh+ypeo+do+yf

Od|hejj _obggc gj D|x * Hise`k deas xg li d zeselci jg|oi ek xbi d|xs dkh o|idxezi

ekhysx|eis+ Xbi admg|exu gj sxdjj es ~|doxeoek` d|xesxs dkh hise`ki|s pg|fek` dx xbi

cidhek` ih`i gj gy| hesoe~cekis dkh adku bdzi irxiksezi ir~i|eikoi gj pg|fek` ekekhysx|u+ Xbi|i d|i adku s~ioedcesx pg|fsbg~s dkh sxyhegs ekocyhek` xbgsi jg|

~dekxek`# soyc~xy|i# oi|daeos# ~|ekx# xirxecis# `|d~beos# d|obexioxy|i# dkh ~|ghyox

hise`k+

\gudc Picsb Ogcci`i gj Ayseo dkh H|dad

bxx~=''ppp+|poah+do+yf

Xbi \gudc Picsb Ogcci`i gj Ayseo * H|dad es xbi Kdxegkdc Ogksi|zdxge|i gj Pdcis#

~|gzehek` s~ioedcesx ~|doxeodc dkh ~i|jg|adkoi!ldsih x|dekek` xbdx ikdlcis sxyhikxs

xg ikxi| dkh ekjcyikoi xbi ayseo# xbidx|i dkh |icdxih ~|gjissegks+ Exs jgoys ceis gk

x|dhexegkdc jg|as gj oycxy|i# syob ds xbidx|i'~i|jg|aek` d|xs# ayseo dkh |icdxih

si|zeois# i+`+ sxd`i g| d|xs adkd`iaikx+

> aeccegk ek cgodxegk s~ikh gk ~|gmioxs ex bds dssesxih+

Picsb Ayseo Jgykhdxegk

bxx~=''ppp+picsbayseojgykhdxegk+oga

Xbi Picsb Ayseo Jgykhdxegk es xbi je|sx ~g|x gj odcc jg| ekhezehydcs# _adcc Lysekissis

dkh _xd|x!Y~s pbg kiih ekjg|adxegk gk xbi ayseo ekhysx|u ek Pdcis+ Ex gjji|s

ekjg|adxegk dkh x|dekek` si|zeois dkh |i~|isikxs xbi Picsb ayseo ekhysx|us

ekxi|isxs xg ayseo ekhysx|u lgheis# ds picc ds ~gceou adfi|s ek Od|hejj Ldu#

Pisxaeksxi| dkh liugkh+

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82_feccsix Oua|ybxx~=''ppp+sfeccsix+g|`'yf'oua|y'

Xbi _ioxg| _feccs Ogykoec jg| o|idxezi aihed pbeob oga~|esis XZ# Jeca# \dheg#

Ekxi|doxezi aihed# Dkeadxegk# Oga~yxi| @dais# Jdoecexeis# ~bgxg ead`ek`# gxbi|

ogkxikx o|idxegk dkh ~ylcesbek`+ Xbie| dea es xg sy~~g|x xbi ea~|gziaikx xg~|ghyoxezexu dkh xg iksy|i xbdx xbi sioxg|s |iadek `cgldccu oga~ixexezi+ _feccsix

Oua|y ds ~d|x gj xbi kdxegkdc d`ikou _feccsix ogkhyoxs ogksycxdxegk pg|f pexb

ekhysx|u# ~ylcesb |isid|ob dkh sx|dxi`eo hgoyaikxs# |yk jykhek` sobiais jg| x|dekek`

dkh ~|gzehi x|dekek` ekjg|adxegk+

O|idxezi * Oycxy|dc _feccs Pdcisbxx~=''ppp+oosfeccs+g|`+yf'Kdxegks|i`egks'PdcisOua|y'xdleh'5: ds d sx|dxi`eo d`ikou# xbi Jeca D`ikou deas xg jdoecexdxi xbi

iai|`ikoi gj d zedlci dkh sysxdekdlci Picsb jeca ekhysx|u dkh xg ~|gagxi d zel|dkx

dkh hukdaeo jeca oycxy|i+ Xbi sgci d`ikou jg| jeca ek Pdcis# ex bds d |iaex xg iksy|i

xbdx xbi iogkgaeo# oycxy|dc dkh ihyodxegkdc ds~ioxs gj jeca d|i ijjioxezicu

|i~|isikxih ek Pdcis# xbi YF dkh `cgldccu+ Xbi d`ikou gjji|s hizicg~aikx jekdkoi#

dhzeoi dkh ekjg|adxegk# pexb jekdkoi jgoysek` gk jidxy|i jecas# ekocyhek` jidxy|i!

hgoyaikxd|eis xbdx bdzi oekiad |icidsi ds~e|dxegks# ek dhhexegk xg jidxy|i!cik`xb

adhi jg| xicizesegk jeca+

LLO Pdcisbxx~=''ppp+llo+og+yf'pdcis'

Xbi adek L|gdhodsxi| dkh ogaaessegki| ek Pdcis# bds |ioikxcu dobeizih syooiss ek

dxx|doxek` kixpg|f ogaaessegks xg Pdcis ekocyhek` H| Pbg dkh Xg|obpggh dkh

Ai|cek+ Xbi L|gdhodsxi| es fiik xg od~exdcesi gk xbi LLO X|ysx hioesegk xg iksy|i

xbdx |i`egkdc kixpg|f ogkxikx gj 40)# ex es oy||ikxcu ?)# es hicezi|ih lu 40 gk

aycxe!~cdxjg|a gyxcixs+

_8O

bxx~=''ppp+s8o+og+yf'

_8O es |is~gkselci jg| ogaaessegkek` ekhi~ikhikx ~|ghyoxegk dkh xbi LLO ~|gzehis

4> bgy|s gj ogkxikx ~|g`|daaek` pexb EXZ Pdcis dcsg adfek` d ogkx|elyxegk+ Ek

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85>5 xbi @gzi|kaikx spexobis gjj xbi dkdcg`yi se`kdc ek Pdcis# dkh _8O pecc

liogai d pbgccu Picsb!cdk`yd`i si|zeoi+ Ik`cesb cdk`yd`i Obdkkic 8 ~|g`|daais

pecc kg cgk`i| li l|gdhodsx gk _8O# ds xbdx obdkkic pecc li j|iicu dzdecdlci ek Pdcis+

D|xs Ogykoec gj Pdcis

bxx~=''ppp+d|xspdcis+g|`+yf'

Xbi D|xs Ogykoec gj Pdcis es |is~gkselci jg| jykhek` dkh hizicg~ek` xbi d|xs ek Pdcis

dkh sy~~g|xs d |dk`i gj ~d|xki|s# lu ekzisxek` ek xbi o|idxezi dkh oycxy|dc ekhysx|eis

sioxg| lu ekzisxek` ek g|`dkesdxegks# dkh lu hizicg~ek` dkh sy~~g|xek` xbie|

ekhezehydcs+ Ogkx|elyxek` xgpd|hs xbi |i`iki|dxegk gj ogaaykexeis lu ekzisxek` ek

ekj|dsx|yoxy|i ds ~d|x gj exs od~exdc hizicg~aikx ~|g`|daai# dkh d|xs ~|gmioxs dkh

doxezexeis xb|gy`b xbi dkkydc ekzisxaikx ~|g`|daais+ Xb|gy`b xbi Iy|g~idk

Jykhek` _x|dxi`u# xbi D|xs Ogykoec gj Ik`cdkh d|i pg|fek` pexb xbi Picsb Dssialcu

@gzi|kaikx dkh cgodc dyxbg|exeis dkh O|idxezi * Oycxy|dc _feccs xg hizicg~ pg|fjg|oi

x|dekek`# dkh lysekiss sy~~g|x si|zeois jg| xbgsi pg|fek` ek xbi o|idxezi dkh oycxy|dc

ekhysx|eis+

NPdcis He`exdc Aihed Ekexedxezi

bxx~=''ppp+dxpdcis+oga'

Xbi NPdcis He`exdc Aihed Ekexedxezi es d s~ioedcesx lysekiss ekoyldxg|+ Ex es cgodxih ek

Od|hejj Ldu# Pdcis cd|`isx he`exdc dkh aihed ocysxi| dkh ~|gzehis s~ioedcesih

lysekiss hizicg~aikx sy~~g|x jg| ekkgzdxezi# be`b `|gpxb id|cu sxd`i lysekissis+

Obd~xi| D|xs Oikx|i

bxx~=''ppp+obd~xi|+g|`'

Xbi oikx|i doogaaghdxis :> o|idxezi lysekissis dkh pg|fs~dois ekocyhek`

xbidx|i oga~dkeis# jeca oga~dkeis# zesydc d|xesxs dkh d|xs d`ikoeis# dcxbgy`b adku

ag|i lysekissis ogksehi| xbi oikx|i xg li d jgoys jg| xbie| lysekiss+ Xbi oikx|i

~|gzehis dk ea~g|xdkx jgoys jg| kixpg|fek` dkh x|dhek` lixpiik xbgsi lysekissis

cgodxih pexbek xbi oikx|i dkh lysekissis cgodxih gyxsehi xbi oikx|i dkh dssesxs ek

jy|xbi| sxeaycdxek` lysekiss doxezexu ek xbi cgodc sioxg| lu ~|gzehek` d |dk`i gj

~|ghyoxegk dkh sy~~g|x jdoecexeis+ Obd~xi|s xbidx|is# oekiads dkh `dcci|u dcsg

~|gzehi dk ea~g|xdkx ogaaykexu |isgy|oi+

Lcgo O|idxezi Xiobkgcg`u Pdcis

bxx~=''ppp+lcgo+g|`+yf

lcgo |i~|isikxs xbi ekxi|isxs gj izi|ugki ik`d`ih o|idxezicu pexb kip xiobkgcg`u+ Ex

deas xg ~gsexegk Pdcis o|idxezi xiobkgcg`u sioxg| dx xbi jg|ij|gkx gj ekxi|kdxegkdc

hizicg~aikxs ek xbi jeich+ lcgo g~i|dxis gk xb|ii fiu cizics=

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9>

ds d sgy|oi gj ekjg|adxegk# ~|gjissegkdc hizicg~aikx# |isid|ob dkh dhzgodou

si|zeois

ds d jdoecexdxg| jg| irobdk`i dkh ~d|xki|sbe~ lixpiik lysekiss dkh ekhysx|u#

soeikoi dkh xiobkgcg`u# ihyodxegk dkh o|idxezi ~|doxeoi pexbek Pdcis

ds d ogaaessegkek` lghu# hizicg~ek` ~|ghyoxegk dkh ~|isikxdxegk

g~~g|xykexeis ek ogccdlg|dxegk pexb d |dk`i gj ~d|xki| g|`dkesdxegks xb|gy`b

~|gmioxs# jisxezdcs dkh |isehikoeis

O|idxezi Lysekiss Pdcis

bxx~=''ppp+lysekiss!sy~~g|x!pdcis+`gz+yf'sioxg|'o|idxezi+ds~r

O|idxezi Lysekiss Pdcis es dk ekexedxezi lu xbi Picsb Dssialcu @gzi|kaikx+ Zed d

|dk`i gj sy~~g|x dkh jekdkoi ~|g`|daais ex ~|gagxis Picsb o|idxezi lysekissis

xbdx odk adfi d se`kejeodkx ogkx|elyxegk xg xbi iogkgau# ~d|xeoycd|cu xb|gy`b

xbi ysi gj ekxiccioxydc ~|g~i|xu+

Oujci

bxx~=''ppp+oujci+og+yf'

Oujci es xbi X|dekek` Oga~dku jg| xbi Picsb Xicizesegk# Jeca dkh Ekxi|doxezi Aihed

Ekhysx|u+ Xbi g|`dkesdxegk pds g|e`ekdccu jg|aih ek g|hi| xg x|dek Picsb!s~idfek`

xiobkeoedks jg| xbi xicizesegk ekhysx|u pbeob jg|aih ds d |isycx gj xbi o|idxegk gj

_8O+ Xbi x|dekek` sobiais d|i zd|eih dkh ogzi| d pehi s~iox|ya gj doxezexu j|ga xbi

_yaai| _obggcs jg| xbi ugyk`i| `iki|dxegk xg Kipogai| _obiais dkh ogy|sis jg|

xbi ~|gjissegkdc siifek` xg y~hdxi dkh dotye|i kip sfeccs+

Pdcis O|idxezi E^ Jykh

bxx~=''ppp+jekdkoipdcis+og+yf'pbdxWpiWhg'bgpWpiWekzisx'o|idxeziW~|gmioxs+ds~

r

Xbi Pdcis O|idxezi E^ Jykh es x|dksjg|aek` jeca# XZ# kip aihed dkh ayseo

~|ghyoxegk ek Pdcis+ Jekdkoi Pdcis adkd`is xbi 2 aeccegk E^ Jykh gk libdcj gj xbi

Picsb Dssialcu @gzi|kaikx+ Xbi E^ Jykh doxs ds d `d~ jekdkoei|# pg|fek` dcgk`sehi

jekdkoi ugy bdzi dc|idhu sioy|ih j|ga gxbi| jykhek` ~|gzehi|s+

Hise`k He|ioxg|u

bxx~=''ppp+hise`khe|ioxg|updcis+g|`'

Xbi Hise`k He|ioxg|u es dk ekexedxezi lu Hise`kpdcis+ Ex ~|gzehis j|ii dkh ijjeoeikx

dooiss xg hixdecs dlgyx xbi hise`k ir~i|xesi dzdecdlci ek Pdcis+ Jg| idob hise`k

lysekiss xbi he|ioxg|u ekocyhis jycc ogkxdox ekjg|adxegk# hixdecs gj xbie| hise`k

ir~i|xesi dkh dk g~xegkdc ~g|xjgceg gj |ioikx pg|f+

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9>> ~ig~ci adfek` d cezek` gyx gj ex+

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9:Lysekiss Cekf Ekkgzdxegk Zgyobi|s

ppp+lysekisscekf+`gz+yf'ug|fsbe|i'ekkgzdxegk+

Xbi Ekkgzdxegk Zgyobi| _obiai ~|gzehis sadcc xg aiheya se}i lysekissis "_AIs% ek

xbi |i`egk# pexb xbi sy~~g|x xg ik`d`i pexb Ug|fsbe|is ykezi|sexeis dkh gxbi|

dodhiaeo eksxexyxegks xg bic~ xbie| lysekiss `|gp dkh hizicg~+ Zgyobi|s y~ xg xbi

zdcyi gj ?>>> odk li |ihiiaih xg jykh xbi ogsx gj xbes ~|doxeodc fkgpcih`i dkh

ir~i|xesi+ Xbi zgyobi| sobiai es hise`kih xg o|idxi cdsxek` |icdxegksbe~s lixpiik

lysekissis dkh fkgpcih`i ldsih eksxexyxegks xbdx pecc ~|gagxi |i`egkdc ekkgzdxegk+

O|idxezi Ekhysx|eis Hizicg~aikx D`ikou "OEHD%

bxx~=''ppp+oehd+g|`

OEHD s~ioedcesis ek bic~ek` xg sx|ik`xbik xbi ogkx|elyxegk gj xbi o|idxezi ekhysx|eis

sioxg| xg izi|u sioxg| gj d `cgldc iogkgau# |i`egkdccu# kdxegkdccu dkh ekxi|kdxegkdccu+Xbiu hg xbes sx|dxi`eodccu# pg|fek` pexb kdxegkdc# |i`egkdc dkh cgodc `gzi|kaikxs#

dkh he|ioxcu# ~|gzehek` lysekiss dkh ~|gjissegkdc hizicg~aikx si|zeois jg|

lysekissis dkh ekhi~ikhikx ~|doxexegki|s ek xbi o|idxezi ekhysx|eis sioxg|+

Oycxy|dc Ekhysx|eis Tyd|xi| D`ikou

bxx~=''ppp+oet+g|`+yf'

Xbi OETD bds ogkx|elyxih xg xbi hizicg~aikx gj d bgsx gj ~|gmioxs# ~yxxek` ek ~cdoi d

`|gpek` ekj|dsx|yoxy|i jg| xbi hizicg~aikx gj o|idxezi dkh he`exdc ekhysx|eis ek

_gyxb Ug|fsbe|i+ Ag|i |ioikxcu# xbi Itydc Cdsx Aeci Hizicg~aikx ^d|xki|sbe~

~|gzehih x|dekek` g~~g|xykexeis ek xbi o|idxezi ekhysx|eis pbeob sdp ::) gj

likijeoed|eis adfek` se`kejeodkx ~|g`|iss ek xbie| obgsik jeichs+

Hgkodsxi| KHO

bxx~=''ppp+hgkodsxi|kho+og+yf'

Kip Hidc jg| Ogaaykexeis es d @gzi|kaikx jykhih |i`iki|dxegk ~|g`|daai+ KHO

bds liik dccgodxih 9< aeccegk ykxec ?4sx Ad|ob 44+ Xbi ykhi|cuek` sx|ik`xb gj xbi

sobiai es xbdx ex bds liik sbd~ih lu ogaaykexu zeips dkh ds~e|dxegks dkh es liek`hicezi|ih ek ~d|xki|sbe~ pexb fiu d`ikoeis+

Ug|fsbe|i Jg|pd|h

bxx~=''ppp+ug|fsbe|ijg|pd|h+oga'

Ug|fsbe|i Jg|pd|h es xbi |i`egkdc hizicg~aikx d`ikou jg| Ug|fsbe|i * Byali|+

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90Hgkodsxi| Obdali|

bxx~=''ppp+hgkodsxi|!obdali|+og+yf'

Xbi Hgkodsxi| Obdali| gj Ogaai|oi es d kixpg|f xbdx sy~~g|xs kgx gkcu exs

aiali| lysekissis lyx xbgsi ek xbi pehi| lysekiss ogaaykexu dcsg+ Xbi Obdali|

sexs dx xbi zi|u bid|x gj exs cgodc lysekiss ogaaykexu ~|gzehek` |i~|isikxdxegk#

si|zeois# ekjg|adxegk dkh `yehdkoi+

_yooiss Hgkodsxi|

bxx~=''ppp+syooisshgkodsxi|+og+yf'

_yooiss Hgkodsxi| es xbi l|dkh kdai jg| xbi @gzi|kaikxs Cgodc Ikxi|~|esi @|gpxb

Ekexedxezi+ Xbi ~|g`|daai gjji|s d pehi |dk`i gj ogkjehikxedc sy~~g|x# dhzeoi dkh

`yehdkoi jg| bic~ek` ugy agzi ldof ekxg pg|f# `dek d lixxi| mgl# sxd|x ugy| gpk

lysekiss g| dssesx ugy| iresxek` lysekiss xg hizicg~ dkh `|gp+

Hgkodsxi| Ogaaykexu * _goedc Ikxi|~|esi ^d|xki|sbe~

bxx~=''ppp+hgkodsxi|osi~+g|`+yf

Xbi Hgkodsxi| Ogaaykexu dkh _goedc Ikxi|~|esi ^d|xki|sbe~ es dk doxezi jgodc ~gekx

jg| dkugki ekxi|isxih ek sgoedc ikxi|~|esi xg sbd|i kips# ekjg|adxegk dkh `ggh

~|doxeoi+ Hgkodsxi| O_I^ deas xg ~|gzehi d zgeoi jg| exs aiali|sbe~ dkh pg|fs xg

|desi xbi ~|gjeci ~gxikxedc gj sgoedc ikxi|~|esis dkh xbi sgoedc iogkgau ek Hgkodsxi|+

_oeikoi Oexu Ug|f

bxx~=''ppp+soeikoioexuug|f+g|`+yf

_oeikoi Oexu Ug|f es d lysekiss dkh sfeccs hizicg~aikx ekexedxezi# h|ezek` xbi o|idxegk

dkh `|gpxb gj lysekiss dkh ia~cguaikx g~~g|xykexeis do|gss Ug|f dkh Kg|xb

Ug|fsbe|i pexbek xb|ii jdsx!`|gpek` xiobkgcg`u sioxg|s legsoeikoi# o|idxezi

ekhysx|eis# dkh EX * he`exdc+

Ikxi|~|esi Iy|g~i Ug|fsbe|i "IIU%

bxx~=''ppp+ii!ug|fsbe|i+oga'uj'

IIU es d lysekiss sy~~g|x ykex# og!jykhih lu Ug|fsbe|i Jg|pd|h dkh xbi Iy|g~idk

Ogaaessegk+ Ex es ~d|x gj xbi Iy|g~idk Ikxi|~|esi Kixpg|f+ _i|zeois dzdecdlci j|ga

IIU ekocyhi= Ekjg|adxegk gk Iy|g~idk ci`escdxegk# og!g~i|dxegk dkh

ekxi|kdxegkdcesdxegk si|zeois6 ekkgzdxegk# xiobkgcg`u dkh fkgpcih`i x|dksji|

si|zeois6 Ekjg|adxegk dkh sy~~g|x jg| dooissek` J^06 dooiss xg dk irxiksezi kixpg|f

gj ogkxdoxs dkh ir~i|xesi j|ga do|gss Iy|g~i+

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92

+>>> ekbdlexdkxs# xbi @|idxi| Hylcek D|id bgsxs dlgyx 4#: aeccegk ~ig~ci dkh

ogykxek`'pexb dk y~pd|h x|ikh+

Hylcek bds liik dx xbi oikx|i gj E|icdkhs ~bikgaikdc iogkgaeo `|gpxb dkh

sylsityikx oy||ikx iogkgaeo ogkx|doxegk gzi| xbi cdsx 4> 49 uid|s# d ~i|egh

|iji||ih xg ds xbi Oicxeo Xe`i| uid|s+ Cezek` sxdkhd|hs ek xbi oexu bdzi |esik

h|dadxeodccu# dcgk` pexb xbi ogsx gj cezek`+

Ek >9# d|gykh 2>>#>>> ~ig~ci pi|i ia~cguih ek xbi @|idxi| Hylcek D|id# gj

pbga d|gykh :>>#>>> pi|i ia~cguih ek xbi si|zeois sioxg| dkh >#>>> ek xbi

ekhysx|edc sioxg|+ Hylcek es gki gj xbi ogksxexyikx oexeis ek xbi Hylcek!Licjdsx og||ehg|

|i`egk# pbeob bds d ~g~ycdxegk gj dlgyx ? aeccegk+

^GCEXEODC ^\EG\EXEI_Hylcek ! D Oexu gj ^gsselecexeis es xbi d`|iih Iogkgaeo# _goedc dkh Oycxy|dc _x|dxi`u

xbdx pecc `yehi sysxdekdlci hizicg~aikx ek Hylcek Oexu ykxec 4

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95Oycxy|dc ~|eg|exeis jg| Hylcek Oexu Ogykoec d|i=

Ky|xy|i xbi o|idxezexu gj d|xesxs dkh adfi ~|gzesegk jg| oycxy|dc jdoecexeis ek dcc exs

~cdks

Ial|doi dkh ky|xy|i xbi zd|eixu gj oycxy|is pexbek gy| oexu

Hizicg~ek` kip oycxy|dc tyd|xi|s

Ogkkioxezexu dkh ci`elecexu gj oycxy|i xb|gy`b gy| sx|iixsod~is dkh besxg|eodc

lyechek`s

O|idxezi ysi gj ~ylceo s~dois

@iki|dxi d hezi|si ke`bx oycxy|i

IOGKGAU

_ekoi xbi dhzikx gj xbi Oicxeo Xe`i| uid|s d cd|`i kyali| gj `cgldc ~bd|adoiyxeodc#

ekjg|adxegk dkh ogaaykeodxegks xiobkgcg`u oga~dkeis bdzi cgodxih ek Hylcek dkhxbi @|idxi| Hylcek D|id# syob ds Aeo|gsgjx# @gg`ci# Dad}gk# iLdu# ^du^dc# Udbgg$ g|

^je}i|+ Dcsg# Ekxic dkh Bipcixx ^dofd|h bgsx cd|`i adkyjdoxy|ek` ~cdkxs ek xbi d|id+

Ldkfek`# Jekdkoi dkh ogaai|oi d|i dcsg ea~g|xdkx xg xbi oexu+ Ea~g|xdkx

ekxi|kdxegkdc je|as# syob ds Oexeldkf g| Ogaai|}ldkf# bdzi isxdlcesbih admg|

bidhtyd|xi|s ek xbi oexu+ Jy|xbi|ag|i xbi E|esb _xgof Irobdk`i# Ekxi|kix Kiyx|dc

Irobdk`i dkh E|esb Ikxi|~|esi Irobdk`i d|i cgodxih bi|i+

Xbi E|esb iogkgau# dkh Hylceks lu irxiksegk# bds obdk`ih h|dadxeodccu ek xbi cdsx

uid|+ Doog|hek` xg Xbi Iogkgaesx Ekxicce`ikoi Ykex# xbi iogkgau es ir~ioxih xg

syjji| d sbd|~ ogkx|doxegk ek xbi ~i|egh >2!4># liodysi gj xbi ogccd~si ek xbiogksx|yoxegk sioxg|# hi~|issih ~|ezdxi ogksya~xegk dkh jdccek` ir~g|xs+ Xbi g~ekegk

gj xbi E|esb Oikx|dc Ldkf @gzi|kg|# Mgbk By|ciu# pds dcgk` xbi sdai cekis#

jg|iodsxek` d ogkx|doxegk gj :) xbes uid| dkh dk eko|idsi ek ykia~cguaikx+

D |ioikx Kdxegkdc Iogkgaeo dkh _goedc Ogykoec |i~g|x gk xbi E|esb Iogkgau ek xbi

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:>

EKXI\KDXEGKDC KIXPG\F_

Xbi Oexu es pg|fek` xg sx|ik`xbik exs kixpg|f gj ogccdlg|dxek` oexeis+ Ex es dc|idhu

ocgsicu xeih xg _dk Mgsi dkh Ld|oicgkd dkh es ir~cg|ek` xbi ~gsselecexu gjg~~g|xykexeis xg jg| xeis pexb gxbi| o|idxezi oexeis+

Hylcek es ~d|x gj xbi Iy|goexeis kixpg|f "bxx~=''ppp+iy|goexeis+g|`% dkh ~d|xeoe~dxis

ek d zd|eixu gj jy|xbi| Iy|g~idk ~|gmioxs dkh kixpg|fs+ Licgp ~cidsi jekh d

sicioxegk=

Oexeis gj xbi Escis

bxx~=''ppp+ogxe+g|`+yf

Xbi Oexeis gj xbi Escis ~d|xki|sbe~ es d kixpg|f gj ser YF dkh E|esb Oexu Ogykoecs+ Xbes

ekocyhis Licjdsx# Od|hejj# Hylcek# Ihekly|`b# @cds`gp dkh Cezi|~ggc+ Xbisi oexeis bdzi

ogai xg`ixbi| xg sbd|i y|ldk |i`iki|dxegk ir~i|eikois# hizicg~ mgekx ~|gmioxs dkh

isxdlcesb d og!g|hekdxih d~~|gdob xg essyis gj sx|dxi`eo ea~g|xdkoi+

Ogaix

bxx~=''ppp+ekxi||i`?o+kix

Ogaix es dk ekexedxezi gj xbi Iy|g~idk Ykegks EKXI\\I@ ~|g`|daai+

\i~|isikxdxezis ekocyhi ~gcexeoedks# sgoedc ~d|xki|s dkh gjjeoedcs j|ga xbi Licjdsx#

Hylcek dkh @cds`gp aix|g~gcexdk d|ids+ Xbi dea es ir~cg|i xbi ~gxikxedc jg| o|gss

lg|hi| og!g~i|dxegk+

Ykegk gj Od~exdcs gj xbi Iy|g~idk Ykegk

bxx~=''ppp+yoiy+g|`

Xbi Ykegk gj Od~exdcs gj xbi Iy|g~idk Ykegk "YOIY% es dk g|`dkesdxegk gj pbeob

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:4

< +9+

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:> sxyhikxs+ Ekexedccu ex pds six y~ xg jycjecc xbi kdxegkdc

|itye|iaikx jg| d be`bcu!x|dekih pg|fjg|oi pexb sfeccs ek xbi d|ids gjlysekiss#

soeikoi dkh iciox|gkeos# oga~yxi| xiobkgcg`u# ogaaykeodxegks dkh cdk`yd`is+

Xbi|i d|i gzi| 2> ~|g`|daais# hezehih dcagsx itydccu lixpiik ykhi|`|dhydxi dkh

~gsx`|dhydxi ogy|sis+ ^gsx`|dhydxi |isid|ob sy~i|zesegk es ~|gzehih gk d l|gdh

|dk`i gj sylmiox d|ids do|gss dcc hesoe~cekis# ekocyhek` xiobkgcg`u# ik`ekii|ek`#

lysekiss# ogaaykeodxegks# byadkexeis# soeikoi dkh bidcxb+ Exs hi`|ii ~|g`|daaispi|i xbi je|sx xg li ekxi|hesoe~cekd|u# pexb# jg| irda~ci soeikoi sxyhikxs xdfek`

lysekiss ogy|sis# lysekiss sxyhikxs xdfek` cdk`yd`is dkh cdk`yd`i sxyhikxs xdfek`

oga~yxek`+

HOY ogy|sis d|i hise`kih xg ikdlci d sx|gk` ekxi|doxegk lixpiik dodhiaed dkh

~|doxeoi ! sxyhikxs d|i ikogy|d`ih xg ~yx xbie| dodhiaeo sfeccs ekxg ~|doxeoi ek xbi

pg|f ikze|gkaikx+

HOY es dcsg bgai xg E|icdkhs cd|`isx d|xs oikx|i# xbi Bicer "bxx~=''ppp+xbibicer+ei%+

Xbes aycxe!zikyi d|xs oikx|i si|zis xbi ~ig~ci dkh dyheikois gj Kg|xb Hylcek dkh

liugkh pexb d aerxy|i gj be`b tydcexu ayseo# h|dad dkh ikxi|xdekaikx+

X|ekexu Ogcci`i Hylcek

bxx~=''ppp+xoh+ei

Jgykhih ek 495> pg|ch

ykezi|sexeis ek 85xb ~gsexegk dkh dagk`sx xbi xg~ 9> Iy|g~idk ykezi|sexeis "4?xb% lu

xbi Xeais Be`bi| Ihyodxegk "XBI% ! T_ Pg|ch Ykezi|sexu \dkfek`s+ Exs xb|ii jdoycxeis

d|i

D|xs# Byadkexeis dkh _goedc _oeikois6

Ik`ekii|ek`# Adxbiadxeos dkh _oeikoi6

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::

Bidcxb _oeikois+

Ex bds d~~+ 49+>>> sxyhikxs pexb d~~+ gki xbe|h sxyhuek` dx ~gsx`|dhydxi cizic+ Exs

|isid|ob ~|eg|exeis# doog|hek` xbi Ogcci`is _x|dxi`eo ^cdk >?!>2# d|i ehikxejeih

ds jgccgps=

Isxdlcesbek` dkh d~~cuek` kip fkgpcih`i ek bidcxb soeikois dkh bidcxb

adkd`iaikx

Aiixek` xbi obdccik`is gj xbi Ekjg|adxegk _goeixu

Bic~ek` xg hizicg~ ~ylceo sgoedc ~gceou dkh xg ykhi|sxdkh xbi hukdaeos gj

`cgldce}dxegk

Ogkx|elyxek` xg d hii~i| d~~|ioedxegk gjoycxy|i dkh xbi o|idxezi d|xs ek E|icdkh

dkh xbi pg|ch+

Eksxexyxi gj Xiobkgcg`u# Xdccd`bxbxx~=''ppp+ex!xdccd`bx+ei'

XX Hylcek pds isxdlcesbih ykhi| xbi di`es gj Og+ Hylcek Zgodxegkdc Ihyodxegkdc

Ogaaexxii dkh g~ikih exs hgg|s xg xbi je|sx `|gy~ gj sxyhikxs ek _i~xiali| 455

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:0

Jeca# Zehig dkh ^bgxg`|d~bu

^ylcesbek`

He`exdc Aihed

_gjxpd|i D~~ceodxegks# Oga~yxi| @dais dkh Iciox|gkeo ^ylcesbek`

Xicizesegk dkh \dheg

Xbes hijekexegk es kgx ykhi|sxggh ds d |e`eh gki lyx ds d zi|u jcirelci gki+ Ex pecc li

kgy|esbih ek xbi ~|goiss lu xbi Hylcek o|idxezi sioxg|# pbeob pecc xdfi ek xbi ikh

gpki|sbe~ gj ex+

O\IDXEZI EKHY_X\EI_ EK HYLCEK:%+ Gzi| xbi sdai ~i|egh#

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:2xbi sioxg| `|ip dx d ogksehi|dlcu jdsxi| ~doi xbdk xbi dzi|d`i jg| xbi Iy|g~idk

iogkgau+ Ek dk E|esb ogkxirx# xbi sxyhu sbgps xbi dzi|d`i xy|kgzi| `|gpxb2 E|esb

He`exdc Aihed `|ip 4:) "ldsih gk He`exdc Byl oga~dku `|gpxb%

Xbi|i d|i 48> he`exdc aihed _AIs cgodxih ek Hylcek# gj pbeob Xbi He`exdc Byl ocysxi|

doogykxs jg| 4>> "* dlgyx gki!jejxb gj xbi E|icdkhs he`exdc aihed ekhysx|u gzi| dcc%+

Xbi|i d|i oy||ikxcu 20> ~i|adkikx dkh ?0? kgk!~i|adkikx ~ig~ci ia~cguih ek xbi

4>> oga~dkeis cgodxih ek Xbi He`exdc Byl ocysxi|+ Ex es isxeadxih xbdx xbi l|idfhgpk

gj o|idxezi oga~dkeis xg xiobkgcg`u oga~dkeis ek Xbi He`exdc Byl es ek xbi |i`egk gj

8>=:>

Hise`k

D~~|gr 49) gj oga~dkeis ek Xbi He`exdc Byl ocysxi| "ppp+xbihe`exdcbyl+oga% d|i

hise`k oga~dkeis+

_gjxpd|i# oga~yxi| `dais dkh iciox|gkeo ~ylcesbek`

Hylcek bgsxs d sx|gk` ekhe`ikgys sgjxpd|i sioxg|+ Xbi `dais ocysxi| es `|gpek`+

Bgpizi|# xbi iciox|gkeo ~ylcesbek` sioxg| es hgaekdxih lu JHE oga~dkeis# syob ds

@gd @dais g| Dad}gk# pbi|ids ekhe`ikgys ~ylcesbek` es |dxbi| pidf+

Ogaaykeodxegk * Aihed

Hylcek es xbi oikx|i gj lgxb aihed dkh ogaaykeodxegks ek E|icdkh# pexb adku

kips~d~i|s# |dheg sxdxegks# xicizesegk sxdxegks dkh xici~bgki oga~dkeis bdzek`

xbie| bidhtyd|xi|s xbi|i+

Dkeadxegk

E|esb oga~dkeis d|i doxezicu ~|gzehek` xg~!ikh dkeadxegk si|zeois jg| xbi

ikxi|xdekaikx aihed sioxg| pg|chpehi ds picc ds o|idxek` se`kejeodkx dagykxs gj

g|e`ekdc E^ jg| xbi ekxi|kdxegkdc ad|fix+

E|icdkh bds d sx|gk` x|dhexegk ek dkeadxegk# xbdkfs xg xbi ci`dou gj xbi ocdsseodc

dkeadxegk oga~dkeis _yccezdk!Lcyxb# Ay|dfdae!Pgcj!_piksgk dkh Iai|dch Oexu#

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:5pbeob g~i|dxih ek E|icdkh ek xbi cdxi 452>s dkh id|cu 455>s+ Xbisi oga~dkeis bic~

siih d pidcxb gj ir~i|eikoi# ir~i|xesi dkh adkd`iaikx doyaik xbdx bds cih xg xbi

oy||ikx |ikdessdkoi ek E|esb dkeadxegk+ Ds picc ds bdzek` d yketyi o|idxezi

ikze|gkaikx xbdx bds dccgpih xbi dkeadxegk ekhysx|u xg ~|gs~i|# E|icdkh dcsg bds d

sx|gk` xbe|h cizic ihyodxegkdc dkh x|dekek` ekj|dsx|yoxy|i jg| dkeadxegk pexb xbi cefisgj Ldccuji|agx Ogcci`i gj Jy|xbi| Ihyodxegk dkh xbi Hyk Cdg`bde|i Eksxexyxi gj D|x#

Hise`k dkh Xiobkgcg`u xy|kek` gyx dpd|h!pekkek` ~|doxexegki|s gk d uid|cu ldses+

D|obexioxy|i

Hylcek es bgai xg sgai gj xbi pg|chs xg~ ~|doxeois syob ds BF\ D|obexioxs dkh

Ay||du cdge|i D|obexioxs+ Xbi ogksx|yoxegk lgga hy|ek` xbi Oicxeo Xe`i| adhi xbi

kyali| gj d|obexioxs dkh ~|doxeois lgga# ds dk irda~ci kyali| gj d|obexioxs cezek`

ek Hylcek eko|idsih lu 49>) gzi| xbi ogy|si gj d hiodhi2%

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0>dk ekxi|kdxegkdc cidhi| ek xbi ogaai|oedcesdxegk gj |isid|ob dkh gxbi| fkgpcih`i!

ekxiksezi doxezexu jg| xbi likijex gj xbi iogkgau dkh sgoeixu+

KgzdYOH es |is~gkselci jg| xbi ea~ciaikxdxegk gj YOH ~gceoeis |icdxek`

xg ekxiccioxydc ~|g~i|xu "E^% dkh jg| xbi ~|gzesegk gj dhzeoi gk xbi ehikxejeodxegk#

~|gxioxegk dkh ir~cgexdxegk gj xbes E^+ Ex dcsg ~|gzehis ikx|i~|ikiy|s dkh fkgpcih`i!

ldsih sxd|x!y~ oga~dkeis pexb d oga~|ibiksezi lysekiss sy~~g|x ~|g`|daai

oga~|esek` dhzeoi# siaekd|s# ogksycxdkou# pg|fsbg~s dkh ekhezehydc x|dekek`#

ekoyldxegk dkh gxbi| |icdxih jdoecexeis jg| ikx|i~|ikiy|s# oda~ys oga~dkeis dkh

fkgpcih`i!ldsih zikxy|is+

Ek dhhexegk KgzdYOH es xbi adek ~gekx gj ogkxdox jg| oga~dkeis siifek` ~d|xki|s jg|

ogccdlg|dxezi |isid|ob dkh dhzeoi gk ceoiksek` dkh gxbi| ogaai|oedc g~~g|xykexeis

dkh es |is~gkselci jg| xbi hizicg~aikx gj og!g~i|dxegk pexb ekhysx|u dkh lysekiss+

XOY!X\E "X|ekexu Ogcci`i Hylcek!X|ekexu \isid|ob * Ekkgzdxegk%

bxx~=''ppp+xoh+ei'|isid|obWekkgzdxegk

X|ekexu Ogcci`i lyechs gk exs jgy|!bykh|ih!uid|!gch x|dhexegk gj sobgcd|sbe~ xg ogkje|a

exs ~gsexegk ds gki gj xbi `|idx ykezi|sexeis gj xbi pg|ch# ~|gzehek` d celi|dc

ikze|gkaikx pbi|i ekhi~ikhikoi gj xbgy`bx es be`bcu zdcyih dkh pbi|i sxdjj dkh

sxyhikxs d|i ky|xy|ih ds ekhezehydcs dkh d|i ikogy|d`ih xg dobeizi xbie| jycc

~gxikxedc+

Xbi Ogcci`i es ogaaexxih xg iroiccikoi ek lgxb |isid|ob dkh xidobek`# xg xbi

ikbdkoiaikx gj xbi cid|kek` ir~i|eikoi gj idob gj exs sxyhikxs dkh xg dk ekocyseziOgcci`i ogaaykexu pexb itydcexu gj dooiss jg| dcc+ Xbi Ogcci`i pecc ogkxekyi xg

hessiaekdxi exs fkgpcih`i dkh ir~i|xesi xg xbi likijex gj xbi Oexu gj Hylcek# xbi

ogykx|u dkh xbi ekxi|kdxegkdc ogaaykexu+

Xbi X|ekexu \isid|ob * Ekkgzdxegk Ykex ~|gagxis dkh adkd`is xbi ekxi|jdoi

lixpiik XOH |isid|obi|s# jykhek` d`ikoeis dkh ekhysx|u+ Ex es dcsg |is~gkselci jg|

adkd`ek` XOHs Ekxiccioxydc ^|g~i|xu# Xiobkgcg`u X|dksji| dkh Ekkgzdxegk#

Ogaai|oedcesdxegk dkh Ikx|i~|ikiy|sbe~+

Kdxegkdc Ogcci`i gj D|x dkh Hise`k

bxx~=''ppp+kodh+ei

Xbi Kdxegkdc Ogcci`i gj D|x dkh Hise`k gjji|s xbi cd|`isx |dk`i gj d|x dkh hise`k

hi`|iis ek xbi _xdxi dx ykhi|`|dhydxi dkh ~gsx`|dhydxi cizic do|gss d |dk`i gj

hesoe~cekis dkh aihed+ Exs glmioxezi es xg ~|gzehi sxyhikxs pexb xbi aidks xg `|gp

ekxg o|idxezi d|xesxs# hise`ki|s dkh ihyodxg|s# pexb ocid| |gcis ek xbi oycxy|i dkh ek

sgoeixu+ Exs jdoycxeis ikoga~dss=

Hise`k

Ihyodxegk

Jeki D|xs

Zesydc Oycxy|i

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04Xbi hesoe~cekis ogzi| Oi|daeos# He`exdc Aihed# Jeki ^|ekx# Jdsbegk# @cdss# Ekhysx|edc

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dkh zesydc Ogaaykeodxegk+

Eksxexyxi gj D|x dkh Hise`k Xiobkgcg`u

bxx~=''ppp+edhx+ei

Hyk Cdg`bde|i Eksxexyxi gj D|x# Hise`k dkh Xiobkgcg`u VEDHXQ pds isxdlcesbih ek

4550 dkh es gki gj 4? ~ylceocu jykhih Eksxexyxis gj Xiobkgcg`u ek E|icdkh# g~i|dxek`

ykhi| xbi Eksxexyxis gj Xiobkgcg`u Dox V>:Q+ EDHX es hise`kdxih ds d be`bi|

ihyodxegk eksxexyxegk ykhi| xbi Be`bi| Ihyodxegk Dyxbg|exu+

EDHX bds 4#:9> jycc!xeai sxyhikxs# 2>> ~d|x!xeai sxyhikxs dkh es six xg `|gp xg

>>& jycc!xeai ~cdois+ EDHX bds lyecx dk ekxi|kdxegkdc |i~yxdxegk ek xbi o|idxezi#

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Ex bds xb|ii sobggcs pexb d jgoys gk xbi jgccgpek` jeichs gj sxyhu=

Lysekiss * Byadkexeis

O|idxezi D|xs

O|idxezi Xiobkgcg`eis

EDHX _obggc gj O|idxezi Xiobkgcg`eisbxx~=''ooxd+edhx+ei'ooxd'ekhir+bxac

O|idxezi Xiobkgcg`eis dx EDHX es ~ig~ci!oikx|ih xiobkgcg`u ek d he`exdc ikze|gkaikx+

Xbi _obggc gj O|idxezi Xiobkgcg`eis gjji|s ~|g`|daais pbeob ogaleki xiobkeodc

sfecc dkh fkgpcih`ipexb dk ykhi|sxdkhek` gj bgp xiobkgcg`u g~i|dxis ek sgoeixu+

Xbi glmioxezi es xg ir~cg|i xbi ekxi|doxegk gj ~ig~ci dkh xiobkgcg`u+ Xbes `gdc jekhs

ir~|issegk ek d |dk`i gj iresxek` hesoe~cekis syob ds Dyhegzesydc Xiobkgcg`eis#

@daek`# Aycxeaihed# ^suobgcg`u# i!Cid|kek`# Dssesxezi Xiobkgcg`eis# Xidobek` dkh

Cid|kek`# i!Lysekiss6 dkh iai|`ek` hesoe~cekis syob ds Ouli|~suobgcg`u+

Xbi _obggc gj O|idxezi Xiobkgcg`eis bgsxs xbi Oikx|i jg| O|idxezi Xiobkgcg`eis dkh

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~ylceodxegks+ \ioikx syooissis gj xbi OOXD ekocyhi se`kejeodkx jykhih |isid|ob ekxg

pe|iciss# agleci dkh dssesxezixiobkgcg`eis+

Hylcek Eksxexyxi gj Xiobkgcg`u

bxx~=''ppp+hex+ei

HEX es xbi sgci ~|gzehi| ek xbi ogykx|u gj hi`|ii ~|g`|daais ek Xgy|esa Ad|fixek`#

X|dks~g|x * Cg`esxeos# ^bgxg`|d~bu# dkh Ikze|gkaikxdc Bidcxb# dkh gjji|s xbi gkcu

Hi`|ii ek Oycekd|u D|xs ek Iy|g~i+ Ek xbi Lyecx Ikze|gkaikx# xbi Hylcek _obggc gjD|obexioxy|i bds xbi |d|i hesxekoxegk gj x|dekek` sxyhikxs ek D|obexioxy|i dkh ek

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0> a> a>#>>> xg

:>>#>>>+

FZF "Obdal|i gj Ogaai|oi%bxx~=''ppp+fzf+kc'|i`eg'l|dldkx'gzi|hifdai|zdkfgg~bdkhic'>5>WOgkxdox'dh|is`

i`iziks'Fdkxgg|Iekhbgzik+ds~

Xbi Obdali| gj Ogaai|oi adkd`is xbi x|dhi |i`esxi|+ Xbi Obdali|s gxbi| xdsfs

d|i xg ~|gzehi ikx|i~|ikiy|s pexb ekjg|adxegk# sxeaycdxi |i`egkdc x|dhi * ekhysx|u

dkh dhzesi cgodc dkh |i`egkdc `gzi|kaikx+

XDO "Xia~g|d|u D|x Oikxi|%

bxx~=''ppp+xdo+ky

Xbi XDO dx Zgkhi|pi` 4 ~|gzehis doogaaghdxegk jg| ie`bxu sxyhegs dkh pg|fsbg~s+

Xbi d|gykh kekixu o|idxezi ~ig~ci pg|fek` ek xbi lyechek` ekocyhi jeki d|xesxs#

p|exi|s# `|d~beo dkh ekhysx|edc hise`ki|s# jdsbegk hise`ki|s# ayseoedks# pil

hise`ki|s# d|obexioxs# ~bgxg`|d~bi|s dkh jy|kexy|i adfi|s+ Xbi lyechek` dcsg bds

d|gykh xpg xbgysdkh styd|i aixi|s gj sadcci| dkh cd|`i| |ggas# irbelexegk d|ids

dkh d sxyheg+ Xbi odkxiik si|zis ds d aiixek` ~cdoi jg| ~ig~ci j|ga dcc xbi hejji|ikx

hesoe~cekis+

\IHIbxx~=''ppp+|ihi+kc

KZ \IHI# xbi iogkgaeo hizicg~aikx d`ikou jg| xbi Iekhbgzik \i`egk+ Ex deas xgsy~~g|x xbi |i`egks iogkgau dkh sx|ik`xbik ex sg xbdx xbi Iekhbgzik \i`egkliogais d xg~ xiobkgcg`u |i`egk gj Iy|g~idk dkh `cgldc sxdxys+ KZ \IHI sxeaycdxis|i`egkdc iogkgaeo doxezexeis lu=

Dotye|ek` kip lysekiss xb|gy`b ~|gagxegk# dotyesexegk dkh lysekissdoogaaghdxegk

Ogksycxdkou dkh og|~g|dxi jekdkoek` gj _AI oga~dkeis

Gjji|ek` jcirelci# sadcc!sodci lysekiss ~|iaesis pexb jdoecexeis ek lysekiss oikx|i

Ekexedxek` dkh od||uek` gyx d hezi|si |dk`i gj sx|yoxy|i ikbdkoek` ~|gmiox

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29Hise`k Adkd`iaikx Iy|g~i

bxx~=''ppp+hise`kadkd`iaikxiy|g~i+oga

Hise`k Adkd`iaikx Iy|g~i "HAI% pds d Iy|g~idk ~|gmiox deaek` xg ikogy|d`i

ikx|i~|ikiy|s xg ekxi`|dxi hise`k ekxg xbie| lysekiss g~i|dxegks ds d `iki|dxg| gj

ekkgzdxegk dkh ~|ghyox hizicg~aikx+

Xbi jgoys d|ids d|i xbi sadcc dkh aiheya!se}ih lysekissis "_AIs%+ _izikxiik

Iy|g~idk ~d|xki|s ogccdlg|dxi ek xbi ~|gmiox "i+`+ Od|hejj# _xyxx`d|x# Ddobik%+ Xbi

Oexu gj Iekhbgzik es og!ekexedxg| dkh ~|gmiox cidhi|+ Hise`k Ogkkioxegk L|dek~g|x

sy~~g|xs xbi Oexu gj Iekhbgzik ek xbi ogg|hekdxegk gj HAI doxezexeis+

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2:

+>>> ekbdlexdkxs# xbi oexu es xbi serxb cd|`isx ek J|dkoi# pbeci exs

aix|g~gcexdk d|id es xbi ie`bxb pexb d~~+ 2>>+>>> ekbdlexdkxs+ ?4) gj xbi

ekbdlexdkxs d|i ykhi| uid|s gch+ Xbi |i`egk es xbi be`bisx |dkfih ek J|dkoi ek

xi|as gj doxezexu dkh ia~cguaikx |dxi jg| xbi ~g~ycdxegk gzi| 42 uid|s gj d`i+ Xbi

sbd|i gj ae`|dxg|u ldcdkoi ek ~g~ycdxegk `|gpxb es ?0)# xbi be`bisx |dxi dagk`sx

admg| y|ldk d|ids ek J|dkoi+

^GCEXEODC ^\EG\EXEI_

Kdkxis ~yxs d ~gcexeodc jgoys gk xbi ~|gagxegk gjaglecexu= Ek >9 ex pds dpd|hih

xbi Iy|g~idk Aglecexu Piif Dpd|h# pbeob |ipd|hs cgodc dyxbg|exeis jg| doxezexeis

g|`dkesih ek xbi j|daipg|f gj xbi Iy|g~idk Aglecexu Piif+ Ek >2 Kdkxis pds

bgsxek` xbi Iy|g~idk Aglecexu Piif+

Ek >:# Kdkxis bds liik gki gj xbi pekki|s gj xbi \ellgk jg| sysxdekdlci

hizicg~aikx# dk dkkydc dpd|h lu xbi ldkf Hired O|hex Cgodc# pbeob ~|gagxis

sysxdekdlci hizicg~aikx ekexedxezis ek J|dkoi+

Xg ea~|gzi exs oga~ixexezi ih`i dkh xg lyech gk uid|s gj sx|gk` ekzisxaikx ek d

hukdaeo oycxy|dc ~gceou# Kdkxis |ioikxcu cdykobih d admg| kip sx|dxi`eo ~|gmiox jg|

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20xbi oexus adkhdxi= xbi hizicg~aikx gj xbi ,Tyd|xei| hi cd O|dxegk, g| d|x dkh

cejisxuci hesx|eox xbdx pecc |i!`|gy~ xbi fiu be`bi| ihyodxegkdc isxdlcesbaikxs ek xbi

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o|idxezi oga~dkeis# ~|gzehi ekoyldxegk s~doi dkh ogccdlg|dxezi ~cdxjg|as dkh

doxezexeis+ Xbes ~|gmiox# xbdx |ibdlecexdxis xbi jg|ai| sbe~ud|h lyechek`s gk xbi Eci hiKdkxis# sbgych li dobeizih ek 48+ Xbi ocysxi| siifs xg |idob liugkh xbi

eaaihedxi# `ig`|d~beo ocysxi| |i`egkdccu dkh ekxi|kdxegkdccu+

Jy|xbi| fiu ~gcexeodc ~|eg|exeis# ds gyxcekih ek xbi >2 adkhdxi jg| xbi oexu ogykoec#

d|i xg ~|gagxi ekxi|kdxegkdc oga~ixexezikiss "dxx|doxezex ekxi|kdxegkdci% dkh

ihyodxegk+

IOGKGAU

Ek |ioikx uid|s Kdkxis iogkgau bds `|gpk se`kejeodkxcu+ Lixpiik 4550 dkh >9 ex`iki|dxih xbi o|idxegk gj gzi| 98 2>> mgls ek xbi ~|ezdxi sioxg|# pbeob es d `|gpxb

|dxi gj ?>)+

Kdkxis sbe~lyechek` ud|hs bdzi cgk` liik d fiu ~ek ek xbi d|ids iogkgaeo

hizicg~aikx+ Hy|ek` xbi 450>s# xbi oexus obiaeodc# di|gs~doi itye~aikx# ocgxbek`

dkh aiobdkeodc ekhysx|eis bdzi ir~dkhih |d~ehcu+ Bgpizi|# xghdu xbi si|zeoi

sioxg| |i~|isikxs gzi| :4) mgls ek xbi y|ldk d|id dkh xbi ir~dksegk gj xbi xi|xed|u

sioxg| pexbek xbi Kdkxis iogkgau es ogkxekyek`+ Ogksycxek` dkh dssesxdkoi

oga~dkeis "EOX# lysekiss ogksycxek`# aihed%# jekdkoedc doxezexeis# g~i|dxegkdc

si|zeois dkh x|dks~g|x dkh cg`esxeos d|i dx xbi bid|x gj xbi hizicg~aikx gj xbi cgodc

si|zeois sioxg|+

Dx xbi sdai xeai# xbi x|dhexegkdc ekhysx|edc sioxg| bds ir~i|eikoih d x|dksjg|adxegk

dkh ekkgzdxezi xiobkgcg`eis d|i eko|idsek`cu d~~ceih+ Cekfd`is dkh kixpg|fs

lixpiik cgodc |isid|ob dkh ekkgzdxegk oikx|is dkh admg| ekhysx|edc sxdfibgchi