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1 Crystal & Amorphous

Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

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Page 1: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

1

Crystal & Amorphous

Page 2: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

2

アモルファスからの回折

Fig. 4. XRD pattern of the

carbon fibers.

Shape controlled synthesis of Cu2 O and its catalytic application to synthesize amorphous carbon nanofibers

Fanglin Du, Jungang Liu and Zhiyan Guo

Materials Research Bulletin, Volume 44, Issue 1, 8 January 2009, Pages 25-29

The XRD pattern of nanofibers is shown in Fig. 4. The broad diffraction peaks of amorphous nanofibers can be observed. No diffraction peak of graphitic carbon appears, revealing an amorphous feature of the nanofibers. The other diffraction peaks at higher diffraction angles can be indexed to cubic structure of Cu with lattice constants of a = 3.615 Å.

Page 3: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

3

アモルファスからの回折

Figure 2. XRD patterns collected during microwave heating. Fe–B phases form at t = 7 s.

Rapid nanocrystallization of soft-magnetic amorphous alloys using microwave induction heatingR. Nicula, M. Stir, K. Ishizaki, J.-M. Català-Civera and S. Vaucher,

Scripta Materialia, Volume 60, Issue 2, January 2009, Pages 120-123

We focus our present discussion on the early stage of crystallization under microwave irradiation. The time “origin” is chosen to match the last observed amorphous XRD pattern. This corresponds to an elapsed time t = 1 s. The XRD spectra collected after the onset of heating are shown in Figure 2. Nanocrystallization instantly follows the onset of microwave absorption (t = 2 s, Fig. 2). The body- centred cubic (bcc) α-Fe(Si) solid solution (cI2, PDF 6-0696) and the face-centred cubic (fcc) Fe3 Si DO3 phase (cF16, PDF 45-1207) match the observed diffraction patterns. The (111) and (200) superlattice reflections of the DO3 phase confirm the rapid formation of Fe3Si. We index the major phase diffraction lines as Fe3Si reflections; however, the presence of bcc α-Fe(Si) nanocrystals cannot be ruled out. After t = 6 s, the crystallized fraction equals 56 vol.%, in agreement with conventional heating results [9], [10], [11], [12] and [13].

Page 4: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

4

高分子(polymer)

Page 5: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

5

高分子材料

ポリエチレン

H-(-CH2 -CH2 -)n -H の分子量と性質

重合度

n 分子量 外観 融点(℃)沸点

(℃/mmHg)

1 30 -172 -88.5/760

5 142 -30 174/760

10 282 37 205/15

30 842 99 250/10-5

60 1682 100 分解

100 2802 106 分解

1000 28002 110 分解

Page 6: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

6

高分子材料

Page 7: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

7

高分子の応力-歪曲線

Page 8: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

8

高分子構造CH

Page 9: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

9

高分子の回折図形

Semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on water-soluble N-carboxylethyl chitosan and photopolymerized poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

Yingshan Zhou, Dongzhi Yang, Xuanyue Gao, Xiangmei Chen, Qiang Xu, Fengmin Lu and Jun Nie,Carbohydrate Polymers, Volume 75, Issue 2, 22 January 2009, Pages 293-298

Fig. 6. The XRD patterns of (a) CS, (b) CECS, (c) semi-IPN1, (d) semi-IPN2,

(e) semi-IPN3, (f) poly (HEMA).

Page 10: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

10

高分子の回折図形

非晶質(アタクチックポリスチレン)

結晶性,無配向(ポリエチレン)

結晶性,配向(ポリエチレン)

Page 11: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

11

高分子

Fig. 3. The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structure of the copper(II) polymer [Cu4(H2O)4(dmapox)2(btc)]n · 10nH2O. Dashed lines indicate the hydrogen bonds. The disordered C14b and the hydrogen atoms not involved in hydrogen bonding are omitted for clarity. (Symmetry codes: iv = −x + 2, −y, −z; v = x, y −

1, z; vi = −x + 1, −y, −z).

[Cu4(H2O)4(dmapox)2(btc)]n · 10nH2O: The first two-dimensional polymeric copper(II) complex with bridging μ-trans- oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studiesZhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan Li, Zhi-Yong Wu and Shu-Fang Zhang

Inorganica Chimica Acta,Volume 362, Issue 1, 1 January 2009, Pages 71-77

単結晶を利用した結晶 構造の決定

Page 12: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

12

高分子構造

Page 13: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

13

高分子材料

アセチレン

Page 14: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

14

結晶性と非晶質性

ゴム(非晶質領域多し)

プラスチック(非晶質領域と結晶領域)

繊維(結晶領域多し)

低分子はよい結晶をとるが,長い分子鎖からなる高分子は結 晶領域と非結晶領域からできている。

特性は両者の割合によって著しく影響を受ける。

Page 15: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

15

DNAの結晶構造

DNAのX線回折図形(Franklin, Glossing, 1953)

Page 16: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

1

Fe-Cの状態図(相図)と結晶構造

bcc

fcc

bcc

Page 17: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

2

鉄(Fe)の結晶構造と体積

面心立方構造(FCC)

体心立方構造(BCC)

Page 18: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

3

Feの同素変態と長さの変化

Page 19: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

4

Fe-Cの状態図(相図)と結晶構造

bcc

fcc

bcc

Page 20: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

5

鉄(Fe)の結晶構造と体積

面心立方構造(FCC)

体心立方構造(BCC)

マルテンサイト(BCT)

Page 21: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

6

Fe-Cの状態図(相図)と結晶構造,組織

Page 22: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

7

Page 23: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

8

結晶組織

Page 24: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

11

欠陥

Page 25: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

12

転位

Page 26: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

13

面欠陥

Page 27: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

14

bccの八面体位置

Page 28: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

15

bccの四面体位置

Page 29: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

16

fccの八面体位置

Page 30: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

17

fccの四面体位置

Page 31: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

18

欠陥の熱・統計力学

• エントロピー変化

• 自由エネルギー変化

Page 32: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

19ni個の不純物原子を含む固溶体の内部エネル

ギー,エントロピー,自由エネルギー

ii En

in0G)( 1TG

)( 2TG

ST 1ST 2

12 TT

G

Page 33: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

20

溶解度曲線(solubitily curve)

Nni /

T

*n

*T

Page 34: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

21

溶解度曲線(solubitily curve)

Nni /

1T

2n

2T

1n

Page 35: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

22

格子欠陥と格子定数

Alの格子定数と格子欠陥(Simmons & Balluffi)

Page 36: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

24

空孔の形成エネルギー

元素Ev

(eV)Tm

(ºC)平衡原子空孔濃度(原子空孔/cm3)

25 ºC 300 ºC 600 ºC Tm

Ag 960 1.5×104 1.5×1013 3×1016 7.8×1017

Al 660 1.0×1010 1.2×1016 2.4×1018 5.0×1018

Au 1063 1.5×106 1.5×1014 1.5×1017 1.2×1019

Cu 1083 1.1×106 1.4×1014 1.4×1017 9.0×1018

Ge 958 <1 1.3×105 1.3×1011 8.2×1013

Si 1412 <1 3.1×102 2.5×109 8.0×1015

Page 37: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

25

時効時間と電気抵抗

700°Cから焼入れし60°Cで時効したAu

Page 38: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

26

焼入れした空孔と体積変化

Au線

Page 39: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

28

Al-Ni

Page 40: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

29

Defect in B2

M. Kogachi and T. Haraguchi, Intermetallics 7, 1999

Composition

U

Page 41: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

30

不定比化合物(non-stoichiometry)

Page 42: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

31

転位組織 • 変形量が少ないと比較的均一

• 転位密度が増すとセル組織

純鉄を室温で5%圧延 純鉄を室温で50%圧延

Page 43: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

32

いろいろな物質 の応力-歪曲線

Page 44: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

33

塑性変形

鉄と鉄鋼がわかる本,新日本製鐵編著,日本実業出版

外力 外力

Page 45: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

35

面と方向

Page 46: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

36

-Fe(bcc)のすべり面 とすべり方向

Page 47: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

37

すべり線 • 純鉄では同時に起こったすべり線が見える

• 18-8ステンレスでは一方向(矢印は双晶)

純鉄を室温で10%引張変形 18-8ステンレスを室温で10%引張変形

Page 48: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

38

いろいろな物質の すべり面とすべり方向

物質 結晶構造 すべり面 すべり方向

Cu, Ag, Au, Ni fcc

-Fe bcc

Mg hcpZn hcpGe diamond

NaCl NaClCaF2 CaF2

Page 49: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

39

A’

A

P

P

Page 50: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

40

Page 51: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

41

hcp (hexagonal close packed structure)

Page 52: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

42

fcc (face centered cubic structure)

Page 53: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

43

面欠陥(積層欠陥)

Page 54: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

44

面欠陥(双晶)

Page 55: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

45

fcc中の双晶(Twin in fcc)

Page 56: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

46

Twinning Elements of Various Crystals

物質 構造 K1 1 K2 2Magnitude of shear, g

Cu, Ag, Au fcc <111> 0.707

Fe bcc <112> 0.707

Mg hcp <101> 0.130Zn hcp <101> 0.140

}211{

}111{

}210{

}102{

Page 57: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

47

電子顕微鏡像 形状記憶合金の双晶と積層欠陥

Page 58: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

49

結晶粒 • 結晶粒界の移動により結晶粒の成長

Fe-3.25%Siを冷間圧延後900℃で 1 h 焼きなまし

Fe-3.25%Siを冷間圧延後1000℃で 1 h 焼きなまし

Page 59: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

51

小傾角粒界 (Low-angle grain boundary)

Page 60: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

52

析出物

Page 61: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

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GP Zone in Al Alloy

• TEM Image of Al-Mg- Si Alloy

• Precipitation hardening of Aluminum alloy

• Needle-like precipitate

Page 62: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

54

析出物と転位

Page 63: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

55

へき開

物質 結晶構造 へき開面

Fe bcc

Zn, Cd hcp

NaCl NaCl

CaF2 CaF2

ZnS ZnS

Ge diamond

Page 64: Crystal & AmorphousE6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7… · oxamidate and μ4-1,2,4,5-benzentetracarboxylato ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA binding studies. Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yan-Tuan

58(100)面に並ぶ空洞,

間隔約0.2m

オパール