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1CS-413
Techniques Supporting Project Management (Part 4)
Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü – Bilkent Üniversitesi – Fall 2009
Dr.Çağatay ÜNDEĞER
InstructorBilkent University, Computer Engineering
Middle East Technical University, Game Technologies
&
General ManagerSimBT Inc.
e-mail : [email protected]
2CS-413
Techniques Supporting Project Management
• Task related:– Work breakdown structures – Gantt Charts– Network Diagrams– Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)– Calender View– Task usage View
• Resource related:– Resource Sheet– Resource Calenders– Resource Graph View– Resource Usage View
3CS-413
Work Breakdown Structures
• A hierarchical listing of the activities (e.g. tasks, sub-tasks) necessary for the completion of the project.
• Split activities into sub-activities as much as you can;– Until leaf activities become clear and easily
manageable.
4CS-413
A Sample Project
• Generating a multimedia database with;– Word, excell, power point documents– Image files– Video files– Sound files
• Viewing and editing – Source files & database content
• Exporting/Importing database content to/from individual files.
5CS-413
A Sample Work Breakdown Structure
• Software Project Development Life Cycle (Spiral Model)– Cycle 1
• System Planning• System Analysis
– Cycle 2• System Planning• System Anaylsis• System Design• System Implementation (Prototype)• System Deployment
– Cycle 3• System Planning• System Anaylsis• System Design• System Implementation (Release 1.0)• System Deployment
• System Maintenance
6CS-413
Cycle 1 (System Planning)
• System Planning– Identify project needs– Determine project scope– Prepare project definition document– Prepare project management plans
• Prepare Software Project Management Plan• Prepare Software Quality Assurance Plan• Prepare Software Risk Management Plan
– Prepare software engineering plans• Prepare Software Configuration Management Plan• Prepare Software Verification and Validation Plan
– Evaluate and approve project plans– Sign project contract
• System Analysis ...
7CS-413
Cycle 1 (System Analysis)• System Planning ...• System Analysis
– Perform software requirements analysis• Determine software requirements• Structure software requirements• Prepare Software Requirements Specification • Evaluate and approve Software Requirements
Specification– Perform literature survey
• ???
8CS-413
Cycle 1 (System Analysis)• System Planning ...• System Analysis
– Perform software requirements analysis• Determine software requirements• Structure software requirements• Prepare Software Requirements Specification • Evaluate and approve Software Requirements
Specification– Perform literature survey
• Loading and visualising office files (doc, xls, ppt, etc.)
• Loading and visualising image files (bmp, jpg, tif, etc.)
• Loading and playing video files (avi, mpg, dat, etc.)• Loading and playing sound files (wav, mp3)• Generating multimedia databases with above
sources
9CS-413
Cycle 2 (System Planning)
• System Planning– Update project management plans
• Update Software Project Management Plan• Update Software Risk Management Plan
– Evaluate and approve project plans• System Analysis ...• System Design ...• System Implementation (prototype) ...• System Deployment...
10CS-413
Cycle 2 (System Analysis)• System Planning ...• System Analysis
– Refine software requirements analysis• Update software requirements• Restructure software requirements• Prepare Software Requirements Specification • Evaluate and approve Software Requirements
Specification– Perform literature survey
• ???– Generate alternative designs
• Determine and select alternative designs• Evaluate and approve selected design
• System Design ...• System Implementation (prototype) ...• System Deployment...
11CS-413
Cycle 2 (System Analysis)• System Planning ...• System Analysis
– Refine software requirements analysis• Update software requirements• Restructure software requirements• Prepare Software Requirements Specification • Evaluate and approve Software Requirements
Specification– Perform literature survey
• Editing and saving office files (doc, xls, ppt, etc.)• Editing and saving image files (bmp, jpg, tif, etc.)• Editing and saving video files (avi, mpg, dat, etc.)• Editing and saving sound files (wav, mp3)
– Generate alternative designs• Determine and select alternative designs• Evaluate and approve selected design
• System Design ...• System Implementation (prototype) ...• System Deployment...
12CS-413
Cycle 2 (System Design)• System Planning ...• System Analysis ...• System Design
– Prepare logical system description– Prepare physical system description
• Determine details of implementation environment– Select hardware platforms and operating systems– Select programming languages– Select database systems and file structures– Select network environment
• Design details of system– Design user interfaces
» ???– Design reports
» ???– Design databases
» ???– Design algorithms
» ???– Design computer process
» ???• Design system integration
– Prepare Software Design Description– Evaluate and approve Software Design Description
• System Implementation (prototype) ...• System Deployment...
13CS-413
Cycle 2 (System Design)• System Planning ...• System Analysis ...• System Design
– Prepare logical system description– Prepare physical system description
• Determine details of implementation environment– Select hardware platforms and operating systems– Select programming languages– Select database systems and file structures– Select network environment
• Design details of system– Design user interfaces
» Main window» Windows for file import, visualise, edit and save» Windows for database content generation» Windows for database content browser, visualise, edit and save to file» Windows for database backup and restore» Windows for user accounts management
– Design reports» ...
– Design databases– Design algorithms– Design computer process
• Design system integration– Prepare Software Design Description– Evaluate and approve Software Design Description
• System Implementation (prototype) ...• System Deployment...
14CS-413
Cycle 2 (System Implementation)
• System Planning ...• System Analysis ...• System Design ...• System Implementation (prototype)
– Coding• Implement software components
– ???• Integrate software components• Correct reported bugs
– Testing & Correction• Prepare Software Test Document• Evaluate and approve Software Test Document• Perform unit tests• Perform integration tests• Report test results and update Software Test Document
– Demonstrate, evaluate and approve system software• System Deployment...
15CS-413
Cycle 2 (System Implementation)
• System Planning ...• System Analysis ...• System Design ...• System Implementation (prototype)
– Coding• Implement software components
– Implement user interfaces» Main window» Windows for file import, visualise, edit and save» Windows for database content generation» Windows for database content browser, visualise, edit and save to file» Windows for database backup and restore» Windows for user accounts management
– Implement reports» ...
– Implement databases– Implement algorithms– Implement computer process
• Integrate software components• Correct reported bugs
– Testing & Correction• Prepare Software Test Document• Evaluate and approve Software Test Document• Perform unit tests• Perform integration tests• Report test results and update Software Test Document
– Demonstrate, evaluate and approve system software• System Deployment...
16CS-413
Cycle 2 (System Deployment)
• System Planning ...• System Analysis ...• System Design ...• System Implementation (prototype) ...• System Deployment
– Install system software– Enter baseline data
• ???– Train users
• 1 weeks administrator training• 1 week user training
17CS-413
Cycle 2 (System Deployment)
• System Planning ...• System Analysis ...• System Design ...• System Implementation (prototype) ...• System Deployment
– Install system software– Enter baseline data
• Import office documents from previous archives• Import image files from previous archives• Import video files from previous archives• Import sound files from previous archives
– Train users• 1 weeks administrator training• 1 week user training
18CS-413
Cycle 3 (System Planning)
• System Planning– Update project management plans
• Update Software Project Management Plan
– Evaluate and approve project plans• System Analysis ...• System Design ...• System Implementation (release 1.0) ...• System Deployment ...
19CS-413
Cycle 3 (System Analysis)
• System Planning ...• System Analysis
– Refine software requirements analysis• Update software requirements• Restructure software requirements• Prepare Software Requirements Specification • Evaluate and approve Software Requirements
Specification• System Design ...• System Implementation (release 1.0) ...• System Deployment ...
20CS-413
Cycle 3 (System Design)
• System Planning ...• System Analysis ...• System Design
– Refine logical system description– Refine physical system description
• Refine details of system– Update user interfaces– Update reports– ...
• Refine system integration– Prepare Software Design Description– Evaluate and approve Software Design Description
• System Implementation (release 1.0) ...• System Deployment ...
21CS-413
Cycle 3 (System Implementation)
• System Planning ...• System Analysis ...• System Design ...• System Implementation (release 1)
– Coding• Refine software components• Integrate software components• Correct reported bugs
– Testing & Correction• Prepare Software Test Document• Evaluate and approve Software Test Document• Perform unit tests• Perform integration tests• Report test results and update Software Test Document
– Prepare Software Deliverables• Prepare user manuals• Prepare system setup application
– Demonstrate, evaluate and approve system software• System Deployment ...
22CS-413
Cycle 3 (System Deployment)
• System Planning ...• System Analysis ...• System Design ...• System Implementation (release 1) ...• System Deployment
– Install system software– Enter baseline data
• ...– Train users
• 3 weeks administrator training• 2 week user training
23CS-413
Afterwards (System Maintenance)
• System Maintenance– Fix system software bugs– Improve system software
24CS-413
Techniques Supporting Project Management
• Task related:– Work breakdown structures – Gantt Charts– Network Diagrams– Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)– Calender View– Task usage View
• Resource related:– Resource Sheet– Resource Calenders– Resource Graph View– Resource Usage View
25CS-413
Gantt Charts
• A bar chart showing start and end dates for the activities (WBS) of a project.
• Not intended to indicate how tasks must be ordered, – But simply show when a task should begin
and end.• Very helpful for seeing date-time relations of
activities.
26CS-413
Gantt Charts• On the left, a work breakdown structure is located;• On the right, the time bars are located.
summary tasks
leaf tasks
Start: 20.02.2008End: 28.02.2008Duration: 7 days
From Microsoft Office
27CS-413
Information on Gantt Charts• Many information can be seen on gantt charts
duration oftask
percent oftask completed
From Microsoft Office
28CS-413
Information on Gantt Charts• Precedence relations can be seen on gantt charts.
Predecessor of Task A
Task A
Successorof Task A
Starts at theSame time
From Microsoft Office
29CS-413
Information on Gantt Charts• Resource assignments can be seen on gantt charts• Resource usage can be seen on gantt charts
With two full-time personnel
With onepart-time personnel
With one Full-time personnel
With twopart-time personnel
Many tasks in parallel
From Microsoft Office
30CS-413
Information on Gantt Charts• Critical paths can be seen on gantt charts
Red colored tasks are on critical path.Therefore they can not be delayed.
Blue colored tasks are not on critical path.Therefore they can be delayed.
Critical path is the longestpath through the projectillustrating the shortest amount of time in whicha project can be completed.
Tasks on critical path cannot be delayed without delaying project.
From Microsoft Office
31CS-413
Techniques Supporting Project Management
• Task related:– Work breakdown structures – Gantt Charts– Network Diagrams– Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)– Calender View– Task usage View
• Resource related:– Resource Sheet– Resource Calenders– Resource Graph View– Resource Usage View
32CS-413
Network Diagrams
• A schematic display;– That illustrates various tasks in a project
• As well as their sequential relationship.• A scheduling technique used for controlling
resources.• Show which tasks can be done in parallel.
33CS-413
Network Diagrams
• Used to identify critical paths.• Critical path is the longest path through the
project – Illustrating the shortest amount of time
• In which a project can be completed.• Tasks on critical path cannot be delayed
without delaying project.
34CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Summary & Leaf Tasks)
From Microsoft Office
35CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Leaf Tasks)
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
• With the information below, – You can be able to draw a network diagram.
36CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Visualisation)
• Tasks are shown by either– Circles or– Rectangles.
• Work flows are shown by arrows.
1 2
Task 1 Task 2Task 2 follows Task 1
Task 1 is the predecessor of Task 2
37CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5
6
11
8
9
10
12
13
38CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
39CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
40CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
41CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
42CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = max(2,4)+2
ET = 4+7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
43CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 6+1
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
44CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 7+4
ET = 7+1
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
45CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 8+1
ET = max(11,11)+1
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
46CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 9+1
ET = 12
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
47CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
48CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12
Assign project end date, max(ET)
49CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12
LT = 12-1
LT = 12-1
LT = 12-1
50CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12LT = 11LT = 11-1
LT = 11
LT = 11
51CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12LT = 11LT = 10
LT = 11
LT = 11
LT = min ( 11-4 , 10-1 )
52CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12LT = 11LT = 10
LT = 11
LT = 11
LT = min(7,9)
53CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12LT = 11LT = 10
LT = 11
LT = 11
LT = 7LT = 7-1
54CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12LT = 11LT = 10
LT = 11
LT = 11
LT = 7LT = 6LT = 6-2
LT = min ( 6-2 , 11-7 )
55CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12LT = 11LT = 10
LT = 11
LT = 11
LT = 7LT = 6LT = 4
LT = min(4,4)
56CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12LT = 11LT = 10
LT = 11
LT = 11
LT = 7LT = 6LT = 4
LT = 4
57CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12LT = 11LT = 10
LT = 11
LT = 11
LT = 7LT = 6LT = 4
LT = 4
Red tasks are on critical path, so should not be delayed.
58CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
ET = Earliest completion time Compute ET of left mosts first. Compute ET of each forward task by summing ET for each task from left to right.
LT = Latest completion time Compute LT of right mosts first. Compute LT of each backward task by subtracting duration for each task from right to left.
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12LT = 11LT = 10
LT = 11
LT = 11
LT = 7LT = 6LT = 4
LT = 4
Orange tasks are not on critical path, so can be delayed up to some point.
59CS-413
Network Diagrams (Sample: Network Diagram)
3
ID Task Name Duration Predecessors
3 Implement visualiser 2 -
4 Implement database 4 -
5 Integrate components 2 3, 4
6 Correct bugs 4 8
8 Prepare test document 1 5
9 Perform unit tests 1 5, 8
10 Perform integration tests 1 5, 9
11 Report test results 1 5, 10
12 Prepare sample data 7 4
13 Prepare deliverables 1 6, 12
4
5 6
11
8
9 10
12
13
D = 2 D = 2
D = 4
D = 1 D = 4
D = 1 D = 1 D = 1
D = 1
D = 7
Slack time is the amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying the project.
Slack-time = LT-ET
ET = 2
ET = 4
ET = 6
ET = 11
ET = 7 ET = 11
ET = 8 ET = 9 ET = 10
ET = 12LT = 12
LT = 12LT = 11LT = 10
LT = 11
LT = 11
LT = 7LT = 6LT = 4
LT = 4
Tasks not on the critical path contain some slack time (st).
st = 2
st = 2 st = 2 st = 2
60CS-413
Techniques Supporting Project Management
• Task related:– Work breakdown structures – Gantt Charts– Network Diagrams– Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)– Calender View– Task usage View
• Resource related:– Resource Sheet– Resource Calenders– Resource Graph View– Resource Usage View
61CS-413
Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)
• A technique used for determining the duration of tasks in work breakdown structures.
• It is difficult to estimate a tasks duration – When it involves a high degree of
complexity and uncertainty.• PERT uses;
– Optimistic, – Most likely, and– Pessimistic time estimates
• To calculate expected time.
62CS-413
Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)
• PERT uses a weighted average method.
• PERT duration is equal to:
Woptimistic x optimistic t. + Wmostlikely x most likely t. + Wpessimistic x pessimistic t.Woptimistic + Wmostlikely + Wpessimistic
• Sample Duration = 1 x 9 workdays + 4 x 12 workdays + 2 x 24 workdays
1+4+2
• Sample Duration = 105/7 = 15
63CS-413
Techniques Supporting Project Management
• Task related:– Work breakdown structures – Gantt Charts– Network Diagrams– Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)– Calender View– Task usage View
• Resource related:– Resource Sheet– Resource Calenders– Resource Graph View– Resource Usage View
64CS-413
Calender View
From Microsoft Office
65CS-413
Task Usage View
From Microsoft Office
66CS-413
Techniques Supporting Project Management
• Task related:– Work breakdown structures – Gantt Charts– Network Diagrams– Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)– Calender View– Task usage View
• Resource related:– Resource Sheet– Resource Calenders– Resource Graph View– Resource Usage View
67CS-413
Resources
• Resources are: – Any person,– A group of people,– A piece of
• Equipment, • Hardware • Software or • Material
used in accomplishing a task.
68CS-413
Resource Sheet
From Microsoft Office
69CS-413
Resource Calenders
From Microsoft Office
70CS-413
Techniques Supporting Project Management
• Task related:– Work breakdown structures – Gantt Charts– Network Diagrams– Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)– Calender View– Task usage View
• Resource related:– Resource Sheet– Resource Calenders– Resource Graph View– Resource Usage View
71CS-413
Resource Graph View
From Microsoft Office
72CS-413
Resource Usage View
From Microsoft Office