418
&XOHJHUHGHEDQFXULVLSRDQWHvQOLPEDURPkQD 9HUVLXQHD &XOHJHUHGHEDQFXULVLSRDQWHvQOLPEDURPkQD $OFDWXLWDGH(XJHQ.DUEDQ 9L]LWHD]DPLSDJLQDSHUVRQDODGHZHEODDGUHVD KWWSKRPHDFLW\GHHXJHQNDUEDQ 6DXWULPLWHPLXQ(0DLOODDGUHVD HXJHQNDUEDQ#DFLW\GH 9HUVLXQHD 8OWLPDPRGLILFDUHOD

Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD$OFDWXLWD�GH�(XJHQ�.DUEDQ�

9L]LWHD]D�PL�SDJLQD�SHUVRQDOD�GH�ZHE�OD�DGUHVD���KWWS���KRPH�D�FLW\�GH�HXJHQ�NDUEDQ�6DX�WULPLWH�PL�XQ�(�0DLO�OD�DGUHVD���HXJHQ�NDUEDQ#D�FLW\�GH

9HUVLXQHD���8OWLPD�PRGLILFDUH�OD���������������

Page 2: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

,QIRUPDWLL�QX�QXPDL�FRS\ULJKW$FHDVWD�FROHFWLH�GH�EDQFXUL�VWD�OD�GLVSR]LWLD�OLEHUD�D�WXWXURU�FHORUD�FDUH�YRU�VD�OH�WLSDUHDVFD�VDX�VD�OH�IRORVHDVFD�vQ�IRUPD�ORUHOHFWURQLFD�SHQWUX�X]XO�SHUVRQDO�$FHVW�ILVLHU� �SGI�SRDWH�IL�GDW��IDFXW�FDGRX��]YkUOLW��DUXQFDW��H�PDLO�DW��OD�WRWL�SULHWHQLL�VL�VDX�GXVPDQLL�WDL�%LQHvQWHOHV�EDQFXULOH�� vQ�SULQFLSLX��QX�VWDX� VXE�SURWHFWLD�QLFLXQXL�FRS\ULJKW�� vQVDVL�PHQLUHD� ORU� ILLQG� UDVSkQGLUHD� OLEHUD�SHFDOH�YHUEDOD��GH�SUHIHUDW��LDU�vQ�DFHVW�FD]�SH�FDOH�VFULVD�7RWXVL�VXQW�GH�SDUHUH�FD�DP�LQYHVWLW�IRDUWH�PXOW�WLPS�VL�PXQFD�vQ�UHDOL]DUHD�DFHVWRU�SDJLQL�REWLQkQG��VSHU�HX��VL�XQ�UH]XOWDWIUXPRV�$V�GRUL�FD�DFHDVWD�PXQFD�VD�ILH�UHVSHFWDWD��DQXPH�QX�DV�JDVL�GHORF��IDLU��FD�DFHVWH�EDQFXUL��vQ�DFHDVWD�JUXSDUH��vQ�WRWDOLWDWHVDX�SH�FDWHJRULL��VD�ILH�WLSDULWH��IDUD�vQVWLLQWDUHD�PHD��DOWIHO�GHFkW�SHQWUX�X]XO�SHUVRQDO��SUHFXP�VL�SUHOXDUHD�DFHVWRU�JUXSDUL�GHEDQFXUL��GH�DOWH�VLWXUL��RILFLDOH�VDX�SHUVRQDOH��GLQ�LQWHUQHW�'DFD�FXPYD�YUHR�HGLWXUD��"��JDVHVWH�LQWHUHVDQWD�DFHDVWD�PLFD�OXFUDUH�SRDWH�OXD�OHJDWXUD�FX�PLQH�SULQ�(�PDLO�3HQWUX�D�YHGHD�VL�DOWH�EDQFXUL�VDX�SHQWUX�D�IDFH�XQ�GRZQORDG�DO�DFHVWHL�FDUWL��VDX�D�XQHL�YHUVLXQL�PDL�QRL�D�DFHVWHL�FDUWL��SRWLVD� YL]LWH]L� GLQ� FkQG� vQ� FkQG� XUPDWRDUHD� DGUHVD��KWWS���KRPH�D�FLW\�GH�HXJHQ�NDUEDQ��� $LFL� YHL� JDVL� VL� DOWH� OXFUXUL�� VSHU� HXLQWHUHVDQWH��vQ�DIDUD�GH�DFHVWH�EDQFXUL�7LQ�VD�PXOWXPHVF�DLFL� vQ�SULPXO�UkQG�VRWLHL�PHOH�SHQWUX�UDEGDUHD�FDUH�D�DUDWDW�R�IDWD�GH�PLQH�VL�GH�FRPSXWHU�-�� DSRL� OXL6RULQ�'DOHD��OXL�6WHYH�*HDQWD���OXL�&ODXGLX�$GULDQ�&UXFHDQX�VL�D�WXWXURU�DFHORUD�FDUH�P�DX�vQFXUDMDW�SULQ�VFULVRUL�H�PDLO�VDOXFUH]�PDL�GHSDUWH�OD�SDJLQD�GH�EDQFXUL�$FHDVWD�FDUWH�VH�YUHD�DVWIHO�R�YDULDQWD�PDL�IUXPRDVD�VL�SUHOXFUDWD�D�SDJLQLL�PHOH�GH�EDQFXUL��YDULDQWD�FDUH�VD�SRDWD�IL�FLWLWD�VLVHDUD�vQDLQWH�GH�FXOFDUH��QX�QXPDL�vQ�IDWD�PRQLWRUXOXL�VL�FX�JkQGXO�OD�QRWD�WHOHIRQLFD���0D�V�EXFXUD�VD�SULPHVF�LPSUHVLL�VL�RSLQLL��VDX�FKLDU�FULWLFL�GLQ�SDUWHD�FHORU�FDUH�DMXQJ�VD�FLWHDVFD�DFHDVWD�FDUWH�VDXIUDJPHQWH�GLQ�HD�'DFD�HVWL�XQ�LQWHUQHWLVW�FRQYLQV�VL�DL�RDUHFH�H[SHULHQWD�FX�,5&�XO�VL�FX�SURJUDPXO�0,5&��VDX�DOWHOH��SRWL�GLQ�FkQG�vQ�FkQG�VDLQWULL�SH�8QGHUQHW�SH�FDQDOXO��EDQFXUL��$LFL�YHL�SXWHD�VSXQH��DVFXOWD�EDQFXUL�VL�GLVFXWD�FX�DOWL�vPSDWLPLWL�DL�EDQFXULORU�(XJHQ�

Page 3: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

,QWURGXFHUH,��)HQRPHQXO�URPkQHVF�DO�EDQFXOXL'H�$GROI�&ULYDW�9DVLOH0RWWR���$V�SOkQJH��GDU�QX�SRW�GH�UkV��]LFDOD�URPkQHDVFD�*HQHWLF�VL�IXQFWLRQDO��EDQFXO�WLQH�GH�GRPHQLXO�FXOWXULL�RUDOH��HO�QL�VH�SUH]LQWD�FD�R�VSHFLH�GH�IROFORU�QRX��RUDVHQHVF��vQWUXQLQGQRWHOH�FDUDFWHULVWLFH�DOH�IDSWXOXL�IROFORULF��RUDO��DQRQLP��FROHFWLY�VL�DGHVHRUL�VLQFUHWLF���,QGLIHUHQW�GH�VWDWXWXO�VDX�D[LRORJLF��HOUHSUH]LQWD� XOWLPD�PDQLIHVWDUH� YLH�� IHUWLOD� VL� UHOHYDQWD� D� FUHDWLYLWDWLL� QRDVWUH� SRSXODUH�� 6�D� IDFXW� PDUH� FD]� vQ� IROFORULVWLFDVHFROXOXL�;;�GH�LPSRUWDQWD�H[SORUDULL�SUH]HQWXOXL�IROFORULF���FD�R�UHDFWLH�IDWD�GH�VSLULWXO�URPDQWLF�DO�FHUFHWDULORU�IROFORULFHGLQ�VHFROXO�DO�;,;�OHD��FX�H[DOWDULOH�VDOH�SDVHLVWH�VL�DUKDL]DQWH��vQ�YLUWXWHD�FDURUD�FUHDWLLOH�SRSXODUH�VXVFLWDX�LQWHUHVXO�GRDU�FDPDUWXULL�DOH�WUHFXWXOXL�VXUYLYDQFHV�GX�SDVVH���/D�QRL�� �OXSWD��vQ�DFHVW�VHQV�D� IRVW� LQLWLDWD�GH�XQ�IROFORULVW� VHPL�SURIHVLRQLVW�� OLQJYLVWXO�2YLG�'HQVXVLDQX� �)ROFORUXO��&XPWUHEXLH�vQWHOHV��/HFWLH�GH�GHVFKLGHUH�OD�)DFXOWDWHD�GH�/LWHUH�����QRLHPEULH��������HO�vQVXVL�FRQWLQXLQG�VD�VH�RFXSH�vQVD�PDLPXOW� GH� IROFORUXO� WUDGLWLRQDO�� IROFORULVWLFD� QRDVWUD� LQWHUEHOLFD� D� XUPDW�� FX�PLFL� H[FHSWLL�� DFHHDVL� FDOH�� ,PSHUDWLYXO� WHRUHWLF�XWLO�� GDU� H[DJHUDW�� DO� OXL� 2�� 'HQVXVLDQX� �SUH]HQWXO� IROFORULF� DU� IL� PDL� DOHV� SDUWHD� FH� WUHEXLH� H[SORUDWD��� D� IRVW� DGRSWDWWHQGHQWLRV� vQ� UHJLPXO� FRPXQLVW� GH�PDL� WkU]LX��GXFkQG�� SULQ�PLVWLILFDUH� LGHRORJLFD�� OD� DVD�� ]LVXO� IROFORU� QRX�� DO� RUkQGXLULLSRSXODUH���FRQWUDIDFHUL�SURSDJDQGLVWLFH�GH�WLSXO�&D�WUDLHVF�ELQH�VL�FkQW���&�DPX�Q�5HSXEOLFD�VvQW�����VDX�)UXQ]D�YHUGH�PHUHFRDSWH���(X�FX�SDUWLGXO�PL�V� IUDWH���&D�HO� vPL� IDFH�GUHSWDWH���/D�GUHDSWD�FDOH�PD�VFRDWH��������%DQFXULOH�� vQ� VFKLPE� �� IRUPDDXWHQWLFD� GH� FUHDWLYLWDWH� RUDOD�� GDU� VL� GH� LQFRPRGD� OLEHUWDWH� VSLULWXDOD� �� DX� IRVW� LJQRUDWH� GH� FHUFHWDWRUL� VL� SURVFULVH�� GHDXWRULWDWL��XUPkQG�FD�DELD�GH�DFXP�vQFROR�VD�OL�VH�IDFD��HYHQWXDO��FXYHQLWD�GUHSWDWH�'H� OD� XQ�PRPHQW� GDW�� EDQFXO� SDUH� VD� IL�PRQRSROL]DW� HQHUJLLOH� SODVPXLWRDUH� DOH� VSLULWXOXL� SRSXODU��$FHVW� VSLULW� V�D� UHWUDVvQWUHJ� vQ� OXPHD� EDQFXULORU�� FX�PLMORDFHOH�� H[SHULHQWHOH�� REVHUYDWLLOH�� SUHMXGHFDWLOH�� REVHVLLOH� VL� WHPHULWDWLOH� OXL�� 8QLYHUVXOEDQFXULORU�QX�L�GHFLW� OXPHD�QRDVWUD�HVHQWLDOL]DWD� vQ� ILFWLXQH��HOLEHUDWD�FRQYHQWLRQDO�GH�VXE� WHURDUHD� LVWRULHL��� Uk]kQGX�VL�FXYROXSWDWH�GH�HD�vQVDVL�� vQWU��XQ�MRF�SHVWULW�VL�VXEWLUH��IDUD� LOX]LL� VL� IDUD� UHWLFHQWH��3H�GH�DOWD�SDUWH��EDQFXO�QX�YUHD�VD�DPX]HQXPDL�� HO� DVSLUD� OD�R�KLODULWDWH� VXSHULRDUD��FX� IXQFWLH�FRPSHQVDWLYD�vQ�SODQ�H[LVWHQWLDO��%DQFXO�DUH� vQWRWGHDXQD�XQ� VFRS� DLFRPSOH[�GHFkW�UkVXO��HO�HVWH��FD�PDVFDULFLL�UHJLORU�GH�RGLQLRDUD��VL�FRQIHVRUXO�QRVWUX��QH�VWLH�SDVXULOH�WRDWH�VL�vVL�UkGH�GH�HOHFX�SURSULXO�QRVWUX� UkV��'DU�DFHVWD�QX�HVWH�GRDU� UkVXO�YXOJDU�GH� OD�SHULIHULD� OXPLL�� FL�XQ� UkV�PDL� VXEWLUH�� DSURDSH� ILORVRILF�YRLQG�SDUFD�VD�QH�DGXFD�DPLQWH�FD�vQ�D�IDFH�KD]�GH�QHFD]��VWD�� vQWU�XQ�IHO�� WRDWD�vQWHOHSFLXQHD�VL� WRDWD�OLEHUWDWHD�H[LVWHQWHLQRDVWUH��%DQFXULOH�DX�R�ILORVRILH��D�ORU���SUDFWLFD��QHSUHWHQWLRDVD��FX�UDGDFLQL�YHQHUDELOH�vQ�UHDOLVPXO�JkQGLULL�SRSXODUH�$FHDVWD� QRXD� IRUPD� GH� FUHDWLYLWDWH� GH� WLS� IROFORULF�� FKLDU� GDFD� PDL� JUDELWD�� PDL� FHUHEUDOD� VL� PDL� SHULVDELOD� GHFkW� FHOHWUDGLWLRQDOH��QX�HVWH�PDL�SXWLQ�UHSUH]HQWDWLYD��8UPkQG�YUHPXULORU��HD�D�GHYHQLW�XQD�SUHSRQGHUHQW��GDFD�QX�H[FOXVLY��XUEDQD�'H� DOWIHO�� QRWLXQHD� vQVDVL� GH� VSLULW� SRSXODU�� DU� WUHEXL� UHGLVFXWDWD� SRDWH� vQ� FRQWH[WXO� QRLORU� UHDOLWDWL� VRFLR�HFRQRPLFH�1LYHODUHD�VRFLDOD��DOIDEHWL]DUHD�vQ�PDVD��XUEDQL]DUHD�DFFHOHUDWD��VL��LPSOLFLW��GHSRSXODUHD�WUHSWDWD�D�VDWHORU���PDVV�PHGLD� vQH[SDQVLXQH��VFLHQWLVPXO�VL�GHVDFUDOL]DUHD��� LDWD�WRW�DWkWLD� IDFWRUL�GH�GLVROXWLH�D�PHGLXOXL� VL�PHQWDOLWDWLL� WUDGLWLRQDOH��%DQFXODSDUH� GUHSW� FRSLOXO� WHULELO� DO� DFHVWHL� OXPL� vQ� FKLQXLWD� SUHIDFHUH�� FDUHLD� vL� OLSVHVWH� SRDWH� FRQVLVWHQWD�� GDU� QX� VL� YLWDOLWDWHD�UHFWLWXGLQHD��GDU�QX�VL�LVWHWLPHD��ÌQ�FRQGLWLLOH�YHFKLXOXL�UHJLP��EDQFXULOH�DX�DYXW�R�H[LVWHQWD�YLJXURDVD��GDU�RDUHFXP�LOLFLWD�VLVXEWHUDQD��&ULWLFLVPXO�ORU�LPSOLFLW��PDQLIHVWDUH�DQRQLPD�VL�QHVFULVD�D�DFHOHL�RSLQLL�SXEOLFH��FH�D�vQORFXLW�vQ�OXPHD�PRGHUQD��PXWDWLV�PXWDQGLV���QRUPD�FROHFWLYLWDWLL��GLQ�VRFLHWDWLOH� WUDGLWLRQDOH�� IDFHD� VSDLPD�PXOWRU� XUHFKL�� FD� VHPQ�GH�QHWDJDGXLW� DOXQHL�QHDOLQLHUL�LQWHULRDUH�OD�OLQLD�LGHRORJLFD�D�SXWHULL��'H�DOWIHO��PXOWH�EDQFXUL���GLQ�FDWHJRULD�FHORU�SROLWLFH���DX�UHSUH]HQWDWDGHYDUDWH�PDQLIHVWH��RUDOH��WUDQVILJXUDWH�GH�KLODULWDWH��1X�HVWH�GHFL�GH�PLUDUH�FD�HOH�Q�DX�DYXW�QLFL�R�WUHFHUH��RILFLDOD��FkQGQX� VH� WDFHD� DVXSUD� ORU�� HUDX� VWLJPDWL]DWH� VDX� EDJDWHOL]DWH��'H� DFHHD�PXOWL� OH�DX� MXGHFDW� VL� OH�PDL� MXGHFD� vQFD� VXSHUILFLDO�LJQRULQGX�OH�VDX�IDOVLILFkQGX�OH�VL�VWDWXWXO�VL�IXQFWLD�VRFLDOD�'LFWLRQDUXO�OLPELL�URPkQH�FRQWHPSRUDQH�H[SULPD�FODU�DFHDVWD�GHSUHFLHUH��GHILQLQG�EDQFXO�GUHSW�R�JOXPD�XVRDUD���5HJUHWDWXOIROFORULVW�2YLGLX�%DUOHD��vQ�SULPXO�YROXP�DO�VROLGHL�VDOH�VLQWH]H�)ROFORUXO�URPkQHVF��(GLWXUD�0LQHUYD��%XFXUHVWL���������ODFDSLWROXO� GHGLFDW� VQRDYHL�� DWLQJH� vQ� WUHDFDW� VL� SUREOHPD� EDQFXOXL�� QXPLQGX�O� vQVD�� SUXGHQW�� WRW� JOXPD��� 3UREOHPD� HVWHH[SHGLDWD� vQWU�R� VLQJXUD� SDJLQD�� PDL� PXOW� VXE� DVSHFW� IRUPDO�� vQ� FDXWDUHD� XQRU� FULWHULL� GHOLPLWDWLYH� vQWUH� VSHFLL�� 6WDWXWXOVSLULWXDO�VL�VRFLDO�DO�EDQFXOXL��FD�VL�XQLYHUVXO��DFHVWXLD��VXQW�WUHFXWH�FX�YHGHUHD�,,2ULJLQLOH�EDQFXOXL��FD�VSHFLH� IROFORULFD�� WUHEXLH�FDXWDWH� QHJUHVLW� vQ� VQRDYHOH�GH�DOWDGDWD��6H�SRW� IDFH� WRWXVL�DSURSLHUL� VL�GHVSHFLD�FXOWD�D�DQHFGRWHL��VD�UHDPLQWLP�FD�JUHFHVFXO�DQHNGRWD�HVWH�HFKLYDOHQWXO�YHFKLXOXL�VODY�L]�QRYD��FH�D�GDW�URPkQHVFXOVQRDYD���DPEHOH�YRFDEXOH�DX�vQWHOHVXO�GH� LVWRULH� LQHGLWD��� FD�VL� URPDQLFXO�QRYHOOD� ���6SUH�GHRVHELUH�GH�VQRDYD�VL�GH�EDQF�DQHFGRWD�QX� QXPDL� FD� QX� HVWH�R� VSHFLH� IROFORULFD�� GDU� DUH� DGHVHRUL� FKLDU� XQ� DHU� HUXGLW�� UHIHULQGX�VH� OD� FHOHEULWDWL� VL� ILLQGSURQXQWDW�GLGDFWLFD��6H�vQWkPSOD�FD�DQHFGRWD�VD�ILH�FKLDU�OLSVLWD�GH�XPRU��VXE]LVWLQG�GRDU�SULQ�SLOGD��SH�FDUH�R�FRQWLQH�VDXSULQ�FXULR]LWDWHD��SH�FDUH�R� UHODWHD]D��0HGLXO�SRSXODU� vQ�FDUH� WUDLHVWH�EDQFXO�QH� vQGHSDUWHD]D�GHFL�GH�DQHFGRWD�FODVLFD�� ÌQ]LOHOH�QRDVWUH�FXYLQWXO� DQHFGRWD�� VL�D� VL�SLHUGXW��SULQ�H[WHQVLH� VHPDQWLFD�� vQWHOHVXO� FODVLF�� DMXQJkQG� VD� vQVHPQH� JOXPD�� vQJHQHUDO�VDX�GHVHPQkQG�XQHRUL�DFHOH�JOXPH�FX�FLUFXODWLH�VFULVD�GH�FDUH�VXQW�SOLQH�SHULRGLFHOH�GH�PkQD�D�GRXD��H[LVWLQG�FKLDUVL�DXWRUL�FRQVDFUDWL�GH�DVWIHO�GH�DQHFGRWH���%DQFXULOH��GLPSRWULYD��VXQW�RUDOH�VL�DQRQLPH��GXFkQG�DGHVHD�R�H[LVWHQWD�GH�FXOLVHVL�QHFXQRVFkQG��vQ�SULQFLSLX��UHWLFHQWH�GH�H[SUHVLH�VDX�GH�FRQWLQXW��1X�HVWH�H[FOXV�WRWXVL�FD�OD�RULJLQH�EDQFXO�VD�IL�DYXW�VL�HO

Page 4: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

SURYHQLHQWD� VHPL�FXOWD�� IROFORUL]LQGX�VH�� DELD� DSRL�� PDL� FX� VHDPD� vQ� YHDFXO� QRVWUX�� 'H� DOWIHO�� vQ� FRQGLWLLOH� FLYLOL]DWLHLPRGHUQH��LQIOXHQWHOH�FXOWH�DVXSUD�XOWLPHORU�UHVXUVH�IROFORULFH�DX�XQ�FDUDFWHU�IDWDO��3OHFkQG�GH�DLFL��VH�SRDWH�SXQH�vQ�GLVFXWLHvQWUHJ�VWDWXWXO�PRGHUQ�DO�QRWLXQLL�GH�IROFORU��$U�WUHEXL�VWDELOLWD��FKLDU�GDFD�FX�DSUR[LPDWLD�IDWDOD�vQ�DVHPHQHD�FD]XUL��HSRFD�LYLULL�FXYLQWXOXL�EDQF��vQ�OXPHD�URPkQHDVFD�YRP�SXQH�FHYD�PDL�GHSDUWH�SUREOHPD�HWLPRORJLHL�OXL���(O�WUHEXLH�VD�IL�UDVSXQV�XQHL�QHFHVLWDWL�OLQJYLVWLFH�JHQHUDWH�GH�LYLUHDXQHL�UHDOLWDWL�SH�FDUH�FXYLQWHOH�WUDGLWLRQDOH�vQUXGLWH�Q�R�SXWHDX�UHGD�PXOWXPLWRU�vQ�VSHFLILFLWDWHD�HL��6SHFLD�vQ�VLQH��FKLDU�GDFDQX� DWLW� GH� ELQH� SUHFL]DWD� FD� D]L�� WUHEXLH� VD� IL� IRVW� DQWHULRDUD� FX� FHO� SXWLQ� XQ� GHFHQLX� WHUPHQXOXL� FDUH� R� GHQXPHVWH�SUHVXSXQHP�LYLUHD�HL�SH�OD�PLMORFXO�YHDFXOXL�WUHFXW��RGDWD�FX�VHGLPHQWDUHD�XQHL�YLHWL�RUDVHQHVWL�PRGHUQH�LQ�SDUWLOH�QRDVWUH�FDFL�DYHP�GH�D�IDFH�FX�R�VSHFLH�IROFORULFD�PDVLY�GH�UXUDOL]DWD��FX�WRDWH�SUREDELOHOH�HL�PRGHOHWUDGLWLRQDOH��VQRDYD�VL���LQWU�R�PDVXUD�PDL�QHLQVHPQDWD���JKLFLWRDUHD���6SUH�GHRVHELUH�GH�VQRDYH��EDQFXULOH�QL�VH�LQIDWLVHD]D�LQ�PDMRULWDWHD�ORU��FD�H[SUHVLH�D�XQXL�DOW�XQLYHUV�H[LVWHQWLDO� VL�DO�XQXL�DOW� WLS�GH�VSLULW�FROHFWLY��(OH�V�DX� OHSDGDW��SH�GH�DOWDSDUWH��GH�RULFH�VIDWRVHQLH��PDQLIHVWD��JUDELQGX�VH��V�DU�]LFH��SUHD�WDUH�VSUH�HIHFW��SHQWUX�D�PDL�LQWLU]LD�SH�FDOH��&XP�VH�VWLH�JOXPD� VVH� SRDWH� FLWL�� EDQFXO� �� Q�Q�W� HVWH� LQ� SULPXO� ULQG� LODULDQWD� VL� DELD� LQ� VXEVLGLDU� VDWLULFD�� SH� FLQG� LQ� VQRDYD� SULPHD]DLQWHQWLD�VDWLUL]DQWD������2��%DUOHD��RS��FLW���S�������1X�WUHEXLH�QHJOLMDW��GH�DVHPHQHD��XQ�DOW�DVSHFW� IRDUWH�FDUDFWHULVWLF�EDQFXULORU� LQ�UDSRUW�FX�VQRDYD�WUDGLWLRQDOD�� LQ�YUHPH�FHDFHDVWD� VH� DSOHFD� FX� SUHGLOHFWLH� DVXSUD� LPSHUIHFWLXQLORU� QDWXULL� XPDQH� �SURVWLH�� YLFLL�� QHSXWLQWH� HWF���� SH� WHPHLXULOH� XQHLPRUDOLWDWL� GH� WLS� FODVLF�� EDQFXULOH� VH� DSOHDFD� FX� SUHGLOHFWLH� DVXSUD� WDUHORU� GH� RUGLQ� VRFLDO�� FDUDFWHULVWLFH� SULQ� H[FHOHQWDPHGLXOXL�QRX��DSURDSH�GLQ�QDVFDUH�FRUXSW��DO�FHQWUHORU�XUEDQH��6LQWHWL]LQG��VQRDYHOH�HUDX�LQWHOHSWH���EDQFXULOH�VLQW�VPHFKHUH�XQ� VRL� GH� VPHFKHULH�� VXSHULRDUD�� GH� RUGLQ� LQWHOHFWXDO�� FRQVWLWXLQGX�VH� GLQ� VXEVWDQWD�PRPHQWXOXL� VL� LHVLQG� GLQ� DFWXDOLWDWHRGDWD�FX�HO��SDUH�FD�XPRUXO�WUDGLWLRQDO�V�D�VXEWLDW��LQ�EDQFXUL��UDILQLQGX�VL�WRDWH�PLMORDFHOH�VL�GHYHQLQG���FXP�REVHUYD�DFHODVL2�� %DUOHD� �� SULQ� H[FHOHQWD� XQ� H[HUFLWLX� GH� LQWHOLJHQWD��� HSXUDW� GH� RULFH� GLGDFWLFLVP� GLUHFW�� GDU� VL� GH� RULFH� VHQWLPHQW� DOSHUPDQHQWHL���6QRDYHOH� HUDX�PRUDOH�� �ILH� VL� SULQ� UHFXO��� EDQFXULOH� VLQW� DPRUDOH�� DVH]LQGX�VL� SHUVRQDMHOH�QX� LQ� SHUVSHFWLYDXQRU�QRUPH���FL�LQ�DFHHD�D�XQRU�LQWHUHVH��� ,Q�ILQH��VQRDYHOH�UHIOHFWDX�R�H[SHULHQWD�GH�YLDWD�VWUDYHFKH��GDU�OLPLWDWD��FXFHULWDLQWU�XQ�XQLYHUV�LQFKLV�VL�VWDWLF��%DQFXULOH�YHKLFXOHD]D�QLVWH�H[SHULHQWH�QRL��LQWU�R�SHUVSHFWLYD�GH]PDUJLQLWD��HOH�VLQW�H[SUHVLDXQHL�OXPL�FX�SULQFLSLL�IOXFWXDQWH��GH]UDGDFLQDWD��VL�IXQGDPHQWDO�DQDUKLFD�SULQ�DWRPL]DUHD��HL�VRFLR�FXOWXUDOD�,DWD�GH�FH�SXWHP�YRUEL�� OD� ULJRDUH��GH�R�DXWRQRPLH�D�EDQFXOXL� LQ� UDSRUW�FX�VSHFLLOH� WUDGLWLRQDOH��GDU�VL�FX�FHOHODOWH�JOXPH�FXUHQWH�LQ�YLDWD�VRFLDOD�,,,�,Q�PHULWXRDVD�VD�OXFUDUH�/D�W\SRORJLH�ELEOLRJUDSKLTXH�GHV�IDFHWLHV�URXPDLQHV��(GLWXUD�$FDGHPLHL�%XFXUHVWL��������W��,�,,��;;;9,,,�������SS����6DELQD�&��6WURHVFX�D�GRYHGLW�FX�SULVRVLQWD�FD�5RPDQLD�HVWH�WDUD�VQRDYHORU��FHUFHWDWRDUHD� D� VWDELOLW� QX� PDL� SXWLQ� GH� ����� GH� WLSXUL� LQ� UHSHUWRULXO� URPDQHVF� DO� VQRDYHL�� (O� GHSDVHVWH� FDP� GH� WUHL� RULUHSHUWRULXO�XFUDLQHDQ��VHPQDODW�SLQD�D]L�D�IL�FHO�PDL�ERJDW�GLQ�(XURSD���REVHUYD�2��%DUOHD��(VWH�VXUFODVDW�LQ�LQWUHJLPH�FKLDUFDWDORJXO�LQWHUQDWLRQDO�$DUQH�7KRPSVRQ��QX�L�PDL�SXWLQ�DGHYDUDW�FD�QX�SHQWUX�ILHFDUH�WDUD�GLQ�OXPH�H[LVWD�R�OXFUDUH�GH�JHQXOVL�SURSRUWLLOH�FHOHL�D�6DELQHL�&��6WURHVFX��RULFXP�LQVD��QXPDUXO�WLSXULORU�URPDQHVWL�UDPLQH�XLPLWRU�VL�JUHX�GH�FRQFXUDW����2�%DUOHD�LQFHDUFD�VL�R�H[SOLFDWLH��0XOWLPHD�VQRDYHORU�DWHVWD�LQFD�R�GDWD�LQFOLQDUHD�URPDQXOXL�VSUH� VDWLUD� VL�SRUQLUHD� OXL�GH�DVSHFXOD� VLWXDWLLOH�SOLQH�GH�XPRU�� IRDUWH� SUREDELO� R�PRVWHQLUH� GH� OD� LQDLQWDVLL� URPDQL�� GHRVHELW� GH� SRUQLWL� VSUH� VDWLUD�� LQFLWUHWRUXO�4XLQWLOLDQ�H[FODPDVH��QX�IDUD�RUJROLX��6DWLUD�WRWD�QRVWUD�HVW���RS��FLW���S������1X� LQWLPSODWRU�� IDUD� LQGRLDOD�� LQWU�R� WDUD� LQ� FDUH� WUDGLWLD� VQRDYHL� H� DWLW� GH� ELQH� UHSUH]HQWDWD�� D� LQIORULW� VL� QRXD� VSHFLH� DEDQFXOXL�� 2� FHUFHWDUH� DVXSUD� EDQFXOXL�� FRUHVSXQ]DWRDUH� FHOHL� LQWUHSULQVH� SHQWUX� VQRDYD� GH� 6DELQD� &�� 6WURHVFX�� DU� GXFHQHJUHVLW� OD� FRQFOX]LL� OD� IHO� GH� VSHFWDFXORDVH�� )HQRPHQXO� URPDQHVF� DO� EDQFXOXL� QX� SRDWH� IL� H[SOLFDW� GRDU� FRQMXQFWXUDO� �GHSLOGD�SULQ�FRQGLWLLOH�VRFLDO�SROLWLFH�GH�GXSD�������SH�FDUH�OH�LQWLOQLP�VL�OD�DOWH�PHULGLDQH��IDUD�FD�DFROR�VD�IL�JHQHUDW��FX�WLWOXGH�UHDFWLH��VDX�UH]LVWHQWD���XQ�IHQRPHQ�IROFORULF�GH�DVHPHQHD�SURSRUWLL���SHQWUX�FD�HO�D�VWUDEDWXW�WLPS�GH�XQ�YHDF�VL�PDL�ELQH�SLQD� OD� DSRJHXO� VDX�� FRQWH[WH� IRDUWH� GLIHULWH�� LDU� DULD� QX� L� VH� SRDWH� UHGXFH� OD� EDQFXO� SROLWLF��� &RQGLWLLOH�� IDYRUL]DQWH� DOHIHQRPHQXOXL�QX�WUHEXLH�FRQIXQGDWH�FX�FDX]HOH�� OXL��(O�GHULYD�� LQDLQWH�GH� WRDWH��GLQWU�R�DQXPH�VWUXFWXUD� VSLULWXDOD��5RVWLQGIUD]D�DFHHD�GHYHQLWD�IDLPRDVD���1RXV�VRPPHV�LFL�DX[�SRUWHV�GH�OA2ULHQW��RX�WRXW�HVW�SULV�D�OD�OHJHUH����5D\PRQG�3RLQFDUH�LQGLJQDW��YRLQG�VD�QH�DGPRQHVWH]H��D�VILUVLW�SULQ�D�QH�GHILQL��GHVLJXU�LQWU�XQ�VHQV�SH�FDUH�QX�SXWHD�VD�O�EDQXLDVFD��6D�O�ODVDPSH�SROLWLFLDQXO� IUDQFH]� VD� VH�RGLKQHDVFD� LQ�SDFH� VL� VD� SURFHGDP�FX� LQWHOHSFLXQH�� VFDSLQG� FXYLQWHOH�GH�RP� VL� GH� FRQWH[WXOEDQDO�LQ�FDUH�DX�IRVW�URVWLWH�/HMHULWDWHD��QRDVWUD��LQWU�XQ�VHQV�PDL�DGkQF��QX�L�GRDU�]HIOHPHDXD��EDOFDQLF�RULHQWDOD��QLFL�QHYULFRDVD��OLSVD�GH�SURWRFRO��FLWLQH�GH�DFHD�vQVXVLUH�D�ILULL�URPkQHVWL�GH�D�IDFH�KD]�GH�QHFD]���ÌQ�DFHVW�vQWHOHV��HD�HVWH�VHPQ�GH�vQWHOHSFLXQH�VWUDYHFKH�VL�GHWDULH�VXIOHWHDVFD��1X�HVWH�ELQH��]LFH�URPkQXO��VD�SXL�WRWXO�OD�LQLPD���3RWL�WUHFH�WRWXO�SULQ�VLWD�PLQWLL�WDOH��VSUH�D�SULQGH�QRLPD�OXFUXULORU��D�OH�GD�GH�URVW��VL�D�WH�SD]L�HYHQWXDO�GH�FXUVHOH�ORU��GDU�VD�SXL�OD�LQLPD��QX�H�ELQH��$U�IL�VHPQ�GH�VODELFLXQH�VL�GHOLSVD�GH�PLQWH��&DFL�OXFUXULOH�WH�vQFHDUFD�VL�WUHF��LDU�WX�VH�FXYLQH�VD�UDPkL�vQ�XUPD�ORU�]kPELWRU�VL�QHYDWDPDW��vQGUDJRVWLW���QXIDUD�ILORVRILH����GH�VSHFWDFROXO�IDUD�VHDPDQ�DO�OXPLL��(VWL�PDL�ERJDW�VXIOHWHVWH�FX�ILHFDUH�H[SHULHQWD��GDU�WUHEXLH�VD�WH�EXFXULGH�DFHDVWD�ERJDWLH�vQWU�R�SDFH�QHWXOEXUDWD��SDFHD�LQLPLL�WDOH��,DU�GH�WH�ORYHVWH�QHFD]XO��DUDWD�WH�PDL�SXWHUQLF�GHFLW�HO��FDFL�GHWH�YHL�DUDWD�PDL�VODE��YHL�GHYHQL�UREXO�OXL�5kGH�WL�GH�HO�VL�R�VD�VH�vQGHSDUWH]H�GH�OD�WLQH�QHSXWLQFLRV�VL�UXVLQDW��R�VD�FUDSH��YH]L�ELQH��QHFD]XO�GH�QHFD]���ÌQ� EDQFXUL� UH]LGD�� GLIX]�� XQ� VHQWLPHQW� DO� SHUPDQHQWHL� SH� GHDVXSUD� LVWRULHL�� HOH� VXQW�� vQ� IRQG�� H[SUHVLD� XQHL� vPSDFDUL� FXUHDOLWDWHD��D�XQHL�DFFHSWDUL�VXSHULRDUH�D�OXFUXULORU�DVD�FXP�VXQW�HOH��DWLWXGLQH�ULVFDQWD�vQ�LPHGLDW��GDU�OHJLWLPD�vQ�SHUVSHFWLYDHWHUQLWDWLL���%DQFXO�SXQH�UHDOLWDWHD� OD� VWkOSXO� LQIDPLHL��GDU�PDL� GHJUDED� vQ� MRDFD�� IDFkQGX�L�FX�RFKLXO�� IDUD� vQYHUVXQDUH�� EDFKLDU� RDUHFXP� UHFXQRVFDWRU� FD� VH� SRDWH� KUDQL� GLQ� LPSHUIHFWLXQLOH� HL�� (� XQ� IHO� GH� EXIRQHULH� FRPSHQVDWLYD� SH� PDUJLQHDUHDOLWDWLL�� GH� R� PD[LPD� OXFLGLWDWH�� GDU� VL� GH� R� VXSHULRDUD� GHIHUHQWD�� &kQG� SULYHVWL� OXPHD� FD� XQ� LPHQV� VSHFWDFRO� FDUH� WHvQFRQMRDUD��FX�LPSHUIHFWLXQLOH��GDU�VL�FX�SULPHQLULOH�VDOH��GRPLQkQG�R�FX�UREXVWHWHD�VSLULWXOXL�WDX��SULQ]kQG�R�FX�RFDXD�PLFD�VL�IDFkQG�KD]�SH�VHDPD�HL��IDUD� UDXWDWH�VDX� vQGkUMLUH��FL�PDL�GHJUDED�FX�FRPSDVLXQH��FDUH�SRDWH�IL�VL�PLOD�GH�WLQH�vQVXWL�FD

Page 5: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

PDGXODU�DO�DFHVWHL�OXPL���DWXQFL�VH�FKHDPD�FD�WUDLHVWL�vQ�RUL]RQWXO��EDQFXOXL��(VWL�GLQ�WDJPD�FHORU�FH�DU�SOkQJH�SRDWH��GDU�QXSRW�GH�UkV���,9'HVL� 5RPkQLD� SDUH� VD� ILH� SDWULD� LGHDOD� D� EDQFXOXL�� IHQRPHQXO� QX� HVWH� HJDO� UHSUH]HQWDW� SH� WRW� FXSULQVXO� WDULL�� *HRJUDILDEDQFXOXL�LVL�DUH�FHQWUXO�LQFRQWHVWDELO�vQ�]RQD�GXQDUHDQD��0XQWHQLD�VL�PDL�DOHV�2OWHQLD���ÌQ�0ROGRYD�EDQFXO�HVWH�vQFD�YLJXURV�SH�FkQG�vQ�$UGHDO�VL�Q�%XFRYLQD� vO� vQWkOQLP�PXOW�PDL� VODE�UHSUH]HQWDW�VL�FX�R�PXOW�PDL�PLFD�SUL]D� OD�SXEOLF���)DSWXO� WLQH�SUREDELO��GH�SURILOXO�LUWLFXODU�SH�FDUH�LVWRULD���GLQFROR�GH�XQ�HYLGHQW�IRQG�FRPXQ���O�D�FRQIHULW�GLIHULWHORU�SURYLQFLL�URPkQHVWL�2ULFLQH�SRDWH�VLPWL� vQFD�� WUHFkQG�PXQWLL��GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�DWPRVIHUD�JHQHUDOD�UHJDWHQHDVFD��VL�FHD� WUDQVLOYDQHDQD��6H�VLPWHLPHGLDW�FD�$UGHDOXO��VL�vQWU�R�RDUHFDUH�PDVXUD�VL�%XFRYLQD��D�WUDLW�PXOWD�YUHPH�vQ�EDWDLD�VSLULWXOXL�RFFLGHQWDO��DWLW�GH�GLIHULWGH�EL]DQWLQLVPXO��GH�OD�VXG�GH�&DUSDWL��'H�DOWIHO��UHJDWHDQXO��WLQGH�SkQD�DVWD]L�VD�O�FRQVLGHUH�SH�IUDWHOH�VDX�GH�SHVWH�PXQWLFDP�SRVDF�VL�OLSVLW�GH�XPRU��GRPRO�VL�IDUD�VFkQWHLH���WUDJkQG�RDUHFXP�D�QHDPW���$UGHOHDQXO��SH�GH�DOWD�SDUWH��GHWHVWD�DGHVHDXVXUDWDWHD�� FHOXLODOW� VL� DU� SXWHD� VXEVFULH� VL� DVWD]L� OD� YHUGLFWXO� �H[DJHUDW� SRDWH�� GDU� QX� OLSVLW� GH� WHPHL�� GDW� GH� ,RQ�&RGUX�'UDJXVDQX�SH� OD� MXPDWDWHD�YHDFXOXL� WUHFXW�� ÌQ�7DUD�5RPkQHDVFD�PHULWXO� Q�DUH�SUHW� VL� QXPDL� SRUF�GH� FkQHOH� vQDLQWHD]D�����3HUHJULQXO�WUDQVLOYDQ��HG��������S�������(�LQWHUHVDQW�FXP�VH�UHIOHFWD�GLIHUHQWHOH�FKLDU�vQ�EDQFXUL��7LSXO�PD[LPDO�GH�SHUVRQDMVPHFKHU���GHVFXUFDUHW���DJHU�OD�PLQWH�VL�OD�YRUED��HVWH�ROWHDQXO���SH�FkQG�DUGHOHDQXO��H�JUHRL��OLSVLW�GH�PRELOLWDWH�VSLULWXDOD�DVSHFW� FDUH� QX� WUHEXLH� FRQIXQGDW� vQ� QLFL� XQ� FD]� FX� SURIXQ]LPHD� GH� FXJHWDUH� VDX� VLPWLUH�� GH� FDUH� DUGHOHQLL� IDF� DGHVHDGRYDGD���ÌQ�RULFH�FD]��vQ�VXGXO�5RPkQLHL�HVWH�OXPHD�vQ�FDUH�FRPLFXO�WURQHD]D�SULQ�H[FHOHQWD��FRQVWLHQW�VL�LQFRQVWLHQW��XQGH�V�DX�SXWXW�vQFHWDWHQL��OD�H[WUHPD��PRIWXULOH��VL�FRPHGLLOH��FDUDJLDOHVWL�VL�XQGH�VH�SRDWH�vQWkOQL��vQ�PRG�FXUHQW��H[RUFL]DUHD��SULQUkV�� �$U� IL� IRDUWH� LQWHUHVDQW� VD� VH� RFXSH� FLQHYD� GH� WLSRORJLD� XPDQD� D� EDQFXULORU�� SH� SURYLQFLL� VL� QDWLRQDOLWDWL�� ROWHDQXO��DUGHOHDQXO���WLJDQXO���HYUHXO���UXVXO���QHJUXO���DPHULFDQXO���QHDPWXO��HWF���2GDWD� IL[DWH�DFHVWH� VXPDUH� UHSHUH�SULYLWRDUH� OD�RULJLQHD�� IXQFWLD�� FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH� VL� UDVSkQGLUHD� EDQFXULORU�� QH� DSDUH� FD�XQEDQF��DO�UHDOLWDWLL�FXOWXUDOH�IDSWXO�FD�HWLPRORJLD�FXYLQWXOXL�UHVSHFWLY�VDUH�KDW��GLQFROR�GH�DULD�IHQRPHQXOXL��WRFPDL�vQ�DWkW�GHSXWLQ�XPRULVWLFD�*HUPDQLH��$VHPHQHD�FXULR]LWDWL�VH�LYHVF�FX�SUHFDGHUH�vQ�]RQHOH�GH�UDVFUXFH��LQWHUIHUHQWD��FXOWXUDOD��FHHD�FHHVWH�VL�FD]XO�VSDWLXOXL�URPkQHVF��(�GHVWXO�GH�VLJXU�FD�URPkQHVFXO�EDQF���FXYkQW�DWLW�GH�FXULRV�VL�GH�VROLWDU���FX�VHQVXO�XUPDULWDLFL� �� vQ� FRQWH[WXO� OLPELL� QRDVWUH�� GDU� SH� FDUH� vO� UHFHSWDP� FXP� QX� VH� SRDWH�PDL� SRWULYLW� UHDOLWDWLL� GHQXPLWH�� SURYLQH� GLQJHUPDQXO�EDQN��QXPHOH�XQXL�MRF�GH�FDUWL��GHVWXO�GH�JXVWDW�VL�OD�QRL�FkQGYD��VXE�GHQXPLUHD�GH�EDQF��VDX��PDL�UDU��EDQFD����GDUFD]XW�vQ�GHVXHWXGLQH�GH�R�EXQD�EXFDWD�GH�YUHPH��$YHP�GHVSUH�HO�R�SUHWLRDVD�UHIHULQWD�OLWHUDUD��LQGLFDWD��IDUD�FRPHQWDULL��VL�Q'LFWLRQDUXO�OLPELL�URPkQH�FRQWHPSRUDQH���FHD�GLQ�QXYHOD���SRYHVWHD���7RGHULFD�D�OXL�&RVWDFKH�1HJUX]]L�7RGHULFD���FHO� vQWkL� MXFDWRU�GH�FDUWL� ��Q�Q�W�GH�SH�SDPkQW��� IDFH�XQ� WkUJ� FX�GLDYROXO��XUPLQG�VD� VORERDGD�GLQ� LDG�� SH�DOHVH�DWkWHD�VXIOHWH�FkWH�SDUWLGH�YD�FkVWLJD�GH�OD�vPSDUDWXO�DGkQFXOXL���ÌQ�FD]XO�vQ�FDUH�DU�IL�SLHUGXW�ILH�VL�R�VLQJXUD�SDUWLGD��VXIOHWXOOXL�DU� IL� vQFDSXW�SH�PkLQLOH� vQVROLWXOXL� SDUWHQHU��6FDUDRWFKL�DFFHSWD� VL� DX� ORF�XUPDWRDUHOH�SUHOLPLQDULL�� 3H� ORF� XQ�GUDFXVRUPLWLWHO�VL�IUXPXVHO��FH�vPSOLQHD�VOXMED�GH�MRFKHL��FLRFRL���SUHJDWL�WRDWH�FHOH�WUHEXLQFLRDVH����&H�YUHL��VWRV�VDXEDQF"� vQWUHED�7RGHULFD�� ��6WRV�� UDVSXQVH�VWDSkQLWRUXO�7DUWDUXOXL��VWLX�FD� OD�EDQF�VH� vQFDS�PXOWH� VXOHULL��VVXEO��QV�W��$VDGDU6FDUDRWFKL�vQVXVL�VH�FRGHVWH�VD�MRDFH�EDQF�D���VL�SUHIHUD�VWRVXO���OD�FDUH�SRVLELOLWDWLOH�GH�D�WULVD�SDU�FRQVLGHUDELO�PDL�PLFL��%DQFXO��VH�SUHWD�OD�PXOWH�VXOHULL���VPHFKHULL���FXP�DP�]LFH�DVWD]L���HUD��GHFL��XQ�MRF�VPHFKHU��PLQFLQRV��DYkQGX�VL�PDHVWULLOXL�WHPXWL�vQ�D�WLQH�EDQFD���FDUWRIRUL�GLQ�VSHWD�OXL�7RGHULFD�&UHGHP� FD� DFHVWH� FkWHYD� FRQVWDWDUL� QH� SRW� vQOHVQL� VXILFLHQW� vQWHOHJHUHD� HYROXWLHL� FXYkQWXOXL� vQ� OLPED� URPkQD�� $YkQG� vQYHGHUH�vQFOLQDUHD�VSUH�VXOHULL���GLVWDQWD�GH�OD�GHQXPLUHD�QHPWHDVFD�D�MRFXOXL�GH�FDUWL�OD�VSHFLD�GH�JOXPD��URPkQHDVFD�QX�HVWHDWkW� GH�PDUH�� DPkQGRXD� DSDUWLQkQG� ]RQHL� GH� KD]� VL� SHWUHFHUH� D� H[LVWHQWHL�� 6LUHWHQLD�� RULHQWDOD� YD� IL� JXVWDW� PXOW� MRFXO� GHEDQF���PDL�DOHV�vQ�0ROGRYD�GH�1RUG��SH�XQGH�HO�SDUH�VD�IL�LQWUDW�vQ�OXPHD�URPkQHDVFD��vQ�FRQWH[WXO�LVWRULF�GH�OD�UDVFUXFHDVHFROHORU�;9,,,�;,;��1HJUX]]L�vQVXVL�D�WUDLW�vQ�]RQD�UHVSHFWLYD���3H�URPkQHVWH��FkQG�YUHL�VD�SURSXL�FXLYD�R�SDUWLGD�GH�FDUWL�VH�VSXQH�GH�RELFHL��7H�IDF�XQ�����WDELQHW��VWRV��EDQF�HWF��"���'H�OD�D�IDFH�XQ�EDQF���MRF�GH�FDUWL��OD�D�IDFH�EDQFXUL���JOXPH��H�RWUHFHUH� FkW� VH� SRDWH� GH� ILUHDVFD�� VXVWLQXWD� FKLDU� GH� VSLULWXO� OLPELL� �VH� VSXQH� GHRSRWULYD� D� IDFH�� VL� SHQWUX� MRFXUL� VL� SHQWUXJOXPH���-RFXO�GH�EDQF��VL�EDQFXO�FD�JOXPD��DX�XQ�QXPLWRU�FRPXQ��VPHFKHULD���0DHVWULL�MRFXOXL��FD�VL�PDHVWULL�JOXPHL��VXQWGHRSRWULYD�VPHFKHUL��VDX�KRWL���vQ�VHQVXO�GH�YLFOHQL���DWULEXWH�vQUXGLWH�FX�FHO�GH�PLQFLQRV��GHDOWIHO� EDQF��� SULQ� H[WHQVLH� VHPDQWLFD�� D� DMXQV� VD� ILH� IRORVLW� XQHRUL� VL� FX� LQWHOHVXO� GH�PLQFLXQD���� 2GDWD� IDFXW� VDOWXO� GH� ODLQWHOHVXO�RULJLQDU�GH�MRF�GH�FDUWL��OD�FHO�ORFDO�GH�JOXPD��VPHFKHULH��PLQFLXQD���FXYLQWXO�V�D�LQFHWDWHQLW�VL�V�D�H[WLQV�LQ�OXPHDURPDQHDVFD�� UDVSXQ]LQG� �FX� IRUPD� GH� QHXWUX�� PDL� SXWLQ� SUHGLVSXVD� FRQIX]LLORU� RPRQLPLFH�� XQHL� QHFHVLWDWL� OLQJYLVWLFH� VLGHQXPLQG� R�PDQLIHVWDUH�PDL� QRXD�� GDU� WLSLFD� VSLULWXOXL� QRVWUX� QDWLRQDO�� ,DWD� FXP� V�D� DMXQV�� DVDGDU�� FD� R� UHDOLWDWH� DWLW� GHVSHFLILFD�QRXD��DWLW�GH�ODWLQD��VL�GH�RULHQWDOD��LQ�HVHQWD�HL��VD�ILH�VSLQ]XUDWD�WRFPDL�GH�XQ�FXYLQW�QHPWHVF��FDUH�OD�HO�DFDVD�QXGHVHPQHD]D�GHORF�FHYD�DVHPDQDWRU�9,'LQ�SDFDWH��H�R�FRQVWDWDUH� OD� LQGHPLQD�RULFXL� FD�EDQFXO� WUDJH�VD�PRDUD�� )HQRPHQ� IRDUWH�YLX� VL� DWLW�GH�FDUDFWHULVWLF�SHQWUXOXPHD� URPDQHDVFD�PRGHUQD��HO� D� FXQRVFXW�XQ� UHJUHV� YL]LELO� VL� GHVWXO� GH� DFFHOHUDW� LQ� XOWLPLL� ������DQL��'XSD� FH� VL�D� WUDLWDSRJHXO� LQ� SHULRDGD� FRPXQLVWD� �PDL� DOHV� vQ� DQLL� �������� ILORQXO� OXL� SRSXODU� SDUH� DVWD]L� VD� IL� VHFDWXLW� DSURDSH� GH� WRW�5RPDQXOXL� SDUH� VD� QX�L�PDL� DUGD� GH�EDQFXUL��� 6�DU� SXWHD� LQWUHSULQGH�� SRUQLQG�GH� OD� DFHVW� IDSW�� R� SURIXQGD� DQDOL]D� VRFLR�SVLKRORJLFD� D� OXPLL� QRDVWUH�� FH� DU� SXWHD� DMXQJH� OD� FRQFOX]LD� XQHL� JUDYH� GHJHQHUDUL� LQWHULRDUH�� &DFL�� FXP� DP� LQFHUFDW� VDGHPRQVWUDP�PDL�VXV��EDQFXO�Q�D�IRVW�GRDU�XQ�VRL�GH�JOXPD�LQWUH�DOWHOH��FL�R�XOWLPD�IRUPD�VHPQLILFDWLYD�GH�FUHDWLYLWDWH�RUDOD�FD� VL� XQD�GH� UH]LVWHQWD� VSLULWXDOD� LQ� IDWD� LVWRULHL�� 'LVSDULWLD� OXL� SRDWH� IL�� GH� DFHHD�� VHPQXO� LQJULMRUDWRU� DO� XQXL� LQFHSXW� GHPRDUWH��VXIOHWHDVFD���(VWH�LQWHUHVDQWD�H[SHULHQWD�DSURDSH�VLQJXODUD�D�XQHL�SXEOLFDWLL�SUHFXP�$FDGHPLD�&DWDYHQFX��FH�FXOWLYDVSLULWXO�EDQFXOXL�GH�IROFORUL]DW��LQWUHWLQLQG��SHQWUX�XQ�SXEOLF�PDL�UHVWUkQV��FHYD�GLQ�HIHUYHVFHQWD�YHFKLXOXL�IHQRPHQ��3kQD�vQ�DQLL�GLQ�XUPD��EDQFXO�D�IRVW�SXWLQ�FHUFHWDW��ED�FKLDU�RFROLW�FX�JULMD��ILH�GLQ�GLVSUHW��ILH�GLQ�WHDPD��1H�DIODP��FX�DFHVWVXELHFW��vQWU�XQ�FYDVLGHVHUW�ELEOLRJUDILF��&HOH�FkWHYD�WHQWDWLYH�PDL�QRL�Q�DX�DMXQV�OD�R�DGHYDUDWD�DXGLHQWD�SXEOLFD��QLFL�QX�V�DX�DQJDMDW� vQ� vQWUHDJD�FRPSOH[LWDWH�D�SUREOHPDWLFLL��8Q� vQWUHJ�QXPDU�DO� UHYLVWHL�'LOHPD�� GHGLFDW� DQXO� WUHFXW�EDQFXOXL�� V�DvQYkUWLW�vQ�MXUXO�SUREOHPHL��IDUD�VD�UHXVHDVFD�D�R�IL[D�VL�DGkQFL��'HVLJXU��PDWHULD�HVWH�RDUHFXP�IDPLOLDUD�ILHFDUXLD��GDU�vQWU�XQ

Page 6: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

PRG� SDUWLDO� VL� GLIX]�� 6�DU� LPSXQH�� vQ� SUHDODELO�� R� FXOHJHUH� PDVLYD�� SURIHVLRQDOD�� VWUXFWXUDWD� WHPDWLF� VL� WLSRORJLF�� �6�DXLQFHUFDW�� GXSD� ���� FkWHYD� DQWRORJLL�PRGHVWH��PDL� PXOW� FX� FDUDFWHU� FRPHUFLDO��� $GXQDUHD� VL� VLVWHPDWL]DUHD� PDWHULDOXOXL� DUvQOHVQL�VWXGLXO�OXL�GLQ�GLIHULWH�XQJKLXUL�GH�YHGHUH��HWQRORJLF��OLQJYLVWLF��SVLKRORJLF��VRFLRORJLF��ED�FKLDU���VL�HVWH�FHHD�FH�DPYUXW�VD�VXJHUDP�FX�SUHGLOHFWLH�DLFL� ��GLQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�LQWHJUDWRDUH�D�XQHL� ILORVRILL�D�VSLULWXOXL� URPkQHVF��%DQFXO�QH�D�VDOYDWYUHPH�vQGHOXQJDWD�GH�VHULR]LWDWHD�QHVDUDWD��D�vQFUHPHQLULL�vQ�FRQYHQWLH��WULPLWkQGX�QH��MXFDXV��VSUH�R�VHULR]LWDWH�PDL�DGkQFD�$�O�OXD�DVWD]L�SH�HO�vQVXVL�PDL�LQ�VHULRV�DU�UHSUH]HQWD�QX�GRDU�SODWD�XQHL�SROLWH��FL�VL�XQ�EXQ�SULOHM�GH�LQWURVSHFWLH�QDWLRQDOD�vQWU�XQ�FHDV�LVWRULF�vQ�FDUH�QH�SDVWH��PDL�PXOW�GHFkW�RULFkQG��XLWDUHD��VDX�SRDWH�WHDPD"��GH�QRL�vQVLQH���$GROI�&ULYDW�9DVLOH

Page 7: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

%DQFXULOH%DQFXUL�FX�DQLPDOH�%DQFXUL�FX�GLQR]DXUL��Ì�&XP�vVL�VFKLPED�R�GLQR]DXULWD�WDPSRQXO"5�2DLD�YHFKH�DIDUD��RDLD�QRXD�vQDXQWUX������Ì�&H�DX�GLQR]DXULL�VL�FHOHODOWH�DQLPDOH�QX�DX"5�'LQRD]DXUL�EHEHOXVL����Ì�8QGH�VH�DVHD]D�WLUDQR]DXUXO�DWXQFL�FkQG�YLQH�VL�YUHD�VD�VWHD"5�8QGH�YUHD�����Ì�3RWL�VD�QXPHVWL����GLQR]DXUL�vQ����VHFXQGH"5�'D����EURQWR]DXUL�VL�GRL�VWHJR]DXUL�����Ì�&XP�VSXL�XQXL�GLQR]DXU�vQDOW�FkW�FDVD��FX�GLQWLL�FD�GLQWLL�ILHUDVWUDXOXL�VL�FX�FkWH����JKHDUH�OXQJL�OD�ILHFDUH�SLFLRU"5�'RPQXOH������Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�vQ�SDW�FX�WLQH�GRDUPH�XQ�GLQR]DXU"5�'XSD��'�XO��PDUH�GH�SH�SLMDPDXD�VD�����Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�GRUPL�vQ�SDW�FX�XQ�EUDQFKLR]DXU"5�'XSD�VIRUDLWXO�GH�GLQR]DXU�����Ì�&H�DX�IRVW�QXPLWH�SHQWUX�R�EXQD�EXFDWD�GH�WLPS�HSDYH�SUHLVWRULFH"5�6FKHOHWH�GH�W\UDQR]DXU�����Ì�&H�UH]XOWD�GDFD�vQFUXFLVH]L�XQ�VRDUHFH�FX�XQ WULFHUDWRSV"5�*DXUL�LPHQVH�vQ�SHUHWH������ÌQWU�R�VHDUD��SULPD������YLQH�GLQR]DXUXO�OD�GLQR]DXULWD�VL�IDFkQG�FX�RFKLXO�]LFH��(L�R�IDFHP"(D�XLWkQGX�VH�OD�SRGHD�����0PP���QX�$�GRXD�]L�YLQH�GLQ�QRX�GLQR]DXUXO�OD�GLQR]DXULWD�VL�XLWLQGX�VH�FX�VXEkQWHOHV�]LFH��(L��FXP�H�"�0HUJH�XQD�PLFD"(D�SULYLQG�OD�YkUIXO�SDQWRIXOXL��3DL���PPP���QX�$�WUHLD�]L��YLQH�GLQR]DXUXO�OD�GLQR]DXULWD�VL�]LFH�FX�QHUDEGDUH��3DL�FXP�"����QLPLF��QLPLF"�(D�VDJDOQLF��1X�SXLVRU���SRDWH�PkLQH���������������������������������������������������6L�DVD�PDL�GHSDUWH����6,�$6$�$8�',63$587�',12=$85,,��%DQFXUL�FX�IXUQLFD�VL�HOHIDQWXO��Ì�&H�FkQWD�XQ�HOHIDQW�FkQG�YHGH�R�IXUQLFD�PRDUWD"5�2�IXUQLFD�PRDUWD��2�IXUQLFD�PRDUWD��2�IXUQLFD�PRDUWD������Ì�&H�]LFH�XQ�HOHIDQW�FkQG�YHGH�R�IXUQLFD�YLH"5�2�FDOFD�FX�FUX]LPH�VL�FkQWD��2�IXUQLFD�PRDUWD��2�IXUQLFD�PRDUWD��2�IXUQLFD�PRDUWD������9DULDQWD�Ì�&H�]LFH�XQ�HOHIDQW�FkQG�YHGH�R�IXUQLFD�YLH"

Page 8: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

5�,D�IXUQLFD�vQ�SDOPD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�DSODXGH�FkQWkQG��2�IXUQLFD�PRDUWD��2�IXUQLFD�PRDUWD��2�IXUQLFD�PRDUWD������Ì�&H�UH]XOWD�OD�vQFUXFLVDUHD�XQXL�HOHIDQW�FX�R�IXUQLFD"5�2�IXUQLFD�PRDUWD�����Ì�'H�FH�SRDUWD�HOHIDQWLL�PDQXVL"5�6D�QX�VH�PXUGDUHDVFD�SH�PkLQL�OD�YkQDWRDUHD�GH�IXUQLFL�����Ì�'H�FH�DX�HOHIDQWLL�GHJHWHOH�GH�OD�SLFLRDUH�FUDSDWH"5�&D�VD�OH�GHD�VL�IXUQLFLORU�R�VDQVD������Ì�'H�FH�VH�DVFXQG�HOHIDQWLL�GXSD�FRSDFL"5�&D�VD�SDFDOHDVFD�IXUQLFLOH���Ì�&DUH�L�FXOPHD�DPELWLHL"5�2�IXUQLFD�FH�VH�FDWDUD�SH�SLFLRUXO�XQXL�HOHIDQW�FX�LQWHQWLD�GH�D�O�YLROD�����8Q�PXVXURL�GH�IXUQLFL�VH�EDWH�FX�XQ HOHIDQW��)LHFDUH�vQFHDUFD�VD�O�PXVWH��VD�O�JkGLOH��VD�O�FLXSHDVFD��PD�URJ��FH�SRDWH��/DXQ�PRPHQW�GDW�XQD�GLQWUH�HOH�DMXQJH�SH�JkWXO�HOHIDQWXOXL��LDU�FHOHODOWH�GLVSHUDWH�vQFHS�VD�L�VWULJH��68*580$�/��68*580$�/����9DULDQWD�ÌQ�PLMORFXO�XQHL�FkPSLL�HUD�XQ�PXVXURL�GH�IXUQLFL��ÌQ�ILHFDUH�]L�XQ�HOHIDQW�WUHFHD�SH�DFROR�vQ�GUXPXO�OXL�VSUH�DSD�VL�vQ�ILHFDUH]L�FDOFD�VL�OH�GDUkPD�PXVXURLXO�IXUQLFLORU��ÌQWU�XQD�GLQ�]LOH�IXUQLFLOH�V�DX�KRWDUkW�VD�vO�RPRDUH�SH�HOHIDQW��'DFD�PDL�FDOFD�R�GDWD�SH�PXVXURLXO�QRVWUX�VDULP�WRDWH�SH�HO�VL�vO�RPRUkP�$�GRXD�]L�HOHIDQWXO�WUHFX�LDU�SULQ�FLPSLH�VL�LQHYLWDELO�FDOFD�SH�PXVXURLXO�IXUQLFLORU��'XSD�FXP�VH�YRUELVHUD�IXUQLFLOH�DX�VDULWWRDWH�SH�HO�VD�vO�RPRDUH��(OHIDQWXO�V�D�VFXWXUDW�R�GDWD�VL�WRDWH�IXUQLFLOH�DX�FD]XW�vQ�DIDUD�GH�XQD�FDUH�D�UDPDV�FKLDU�OD�JkWXOHOHIDQWXOXL��$WXQFL�R�IXUQLFD�PDL�EDWUkQD�VWULJD��$VD�DVD��VL�DFXP�VXJUXPD�O����Ì�2�IXUQLFD�VWD�OkQJD�XQ�VWkOS�FDUH�H�YRSVLW�vQ�GXQJL�DOEH�VL�URVLL��'H�FH�QX�SRDWH�IXUQLFD�VD�VH�XUFH�SH�VWkOS"5�3HQWUX�FD�SH�DFROR�D�WUHFXW�XQ�HOHIDQW����2�IXUQLFD�YURLD�VD�WUHDFD�XQ�UDX�VL�ILLQG�PLFD�LL�HUD�IULFD�VD�QX�R�LD�FXUHQWXO�VL�VD�VH�LQHFH��9HGH�XQ�HOHIDQW�VL�LL�]LFH��(OHIDQWXOH�QX�DL�SXWHD�VD�PD�WUHFL�VL�SH�PLQH�DSD�"(OHIDQWXO�R�LD�SH�WURPSD�VL�R�WUHFH�DSD��)XUQLFD�VSXQH��(OHIDQWXOH�HVWL�FHD�PDL�PDULQLPRDVD��vQGDWRULWRDUH��JHQWLOD�SHUVRDQD����+DL�ODVD�YRUED�VL�GH]EUDFD�WH�����8Q�HOHIDQW�VL�R�IXUQLFD�SHWUHF�R�QRDSWH�vPSUHXQD��$�GRXD�]L�FkQG�VH�WUH]HVWH�IXUQLFD�JDVHVWH�HOHIDQWXO�PRUW��3OLQD�GH�QHFD]VSXQH��)LU�DU�VD�ILH�GH�WUHDED��SHQWUX�R�VLQJXUD�QRDSWH�GH�SODFHUH�WUHEXLH�VD�SODWHVF�R�YLDWD�vQWUHDJD�VDSkQGX�L�JURDSD����)XUQLFLOH� MRDFD� IRWEDO� FX� HOHIDQWLL��$WDFDQWXO� HFKLSH� IXUQLFLORU� vQFHDUFD� VD� GULEOH]H�XQ� DSDUDWRU� DGYHUV� FkQG� DFHVWD� GLQJUHVHDOD�FDGH�SH�HD�VL�RPRDUD�IXUQLFD�SH�ORF��$UELWUXO�VH�GXFH�OD�HO�VL�vL�]LFH��$FHVWD�QX�H�GHORF�IDLU�SOD\��VD�RPRUL�MXFDWRUXO�DGYHUV�/D�FDUH�HOHIDQWXO��(X�DP�vQFHUFDW�GRDU�VD�L�SXQ�SLHGLFD�������8Q�HOHIDQW�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�MXQJOD�FX�XQ�VSLQ�vQ�WDOSD��6XIHULQG�FXPSOLW��vQ�GUXPXO�VDX�vQWkOQHVWH�R�IXUQLFD�FDUHLD�vL�]LFH��'UDJD�IXUQLFD��DMXWD�PD�)XUQLFD�FX�JkQGXUL�PkUVDYH�vL�]LFH�FD�vO�DMXWD�QXPDL�GDFD�R�ODVD�VD�L�R�WUDJD��(OHIDQWXO�vQ�GXUHUHD�VD�]LFH��2ULFH��RULFH�QXPDL�DMXWD�PD�)XUQLFD�VH�FDWDUD�SH�HOHIDQW�VL�vVL�vQFHSH�WUHDED�PXUGDUD��'LQ�FRSDFXO�GH�GHDVXSUD�GRXD�PDLPXWH�XUPDULQG�VFHQD�VH�VSDUJ�GHUkV��8QD�GLQ�HOH�FDGH�GLQ�DWkWD�UkV�SH�VSLQDUHD�HOHIDQWXOXL�FDUH�VWULJD��$XXX��PD�GRDUH�)XUQLFD�WUDJkQG�SXWHUQLF�OD�YkVOH�]LFH��6XIHUD��VXIHUD��VWULFDWR����9DULDQWD�8Q�HOHIDQW�VXIHUD�FXPSOLW�GLQ�FDX]D�XQXL�VSLQ�LQWUDW�vQ�WDOSD��ÌQ�GUXPXO�VDX�vQWkOQHVWH�R�IXUQLFD�FDUHLD�vL�]LFH��'UDJD�IXUQLFD��DMXWD�PD�)XUQLFD�FX�JkQGXUL�PkUVDYH�vL�]LFH�FD�vO�DMXWD�QXPDL�GDFD�R�ODVD�VD�L�R�WUDJD��(OHIDQWXO�vQ�GXUHUHD�VD�]LFH�

Page 9: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

�2ULFH��RULFH�QXPDL�DMXWD�PD�)XUQLFD�VH�FDWDUD�SH�HOHIDQW�VL�vVL�vQFHSH�WUHDED�PXUGDUD��'LQ�FRSDFXO�GH�GHDVXSUD�GRXD�PDLPXWH�XUPDULQG�VFHQD�VH�VSDUJ�GHUkV��8QD�GLQ�HOH�vQFHSH�VD�VH�PDVWXUEH]H�VL�vQ�IRFXULOH�SODFHULL�FDGH�SH�VSLQDUHD�HOHIDQWXOXL�FDUH�VWULJD��$XXX��PD�GRDUH�)XUQLFD��RSULQGX�VH�GLQ�YkVOLW�]LFH��7H�GRDUH�GUDJD"�������2�IXUQLFD�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�VDYDQD��'HRGDWD�R�EDOHJD�GH�HOHIDQW�FDGH�SHVWH�HD��'XSD�GRXD�RUH�UHXVHVWH�IXUQLFD�VD�LDVD��6D�ILX�D�GUDFXOXL��GUHSW�vQ�RFKL�P�D�ORYLW�%DQFXUL�FX�LHSXUDVXO��,HSXUDVXO� LQWUD� vQ� FRIHWDULH� VL� FHUH� YkQ]DWRDUHL� GRXD� EDQDQH� VL� XQ� VXF� GH� PRUFRYL�� %HD� VXFXO� VL�� VSUH� VWXSHIDFWLDYkQ]DWRDUHL�� vVL�EDJD�EDQDQHOH� vQ� XUHFKL��$�GRXD� ]L�� OD� IHO��$� WUHLD� ]L� LGHP��9kQ]DWRDUHD�� KRWDUkWD� VD� DIOH�PRWLYXO� DFHVWHLSXUWDUL�FLXGDWH��vL�VSXQH��GXSD�SDWUX�]LOH��FD�QX�PDL�DUH�EDQDQH��,HSXUDVXO�FHUH�DWXQFL�GRL�PRUFRYL�VL�XQ�VXF�GH�SRUWRFDOH��%HDVXFXO�VL�vVL�EDJD�PRUFRYLL�vQ�XUHFKL��ÌQ�SUDJXO�XQHL�GHSUHVLXQL�QHUYRDVH��YkQ]DWRDUHD�vO�vQWUHDED�GH�FH�vVL�EDJD�PRUFRYLL�vQXUHFKL��5DVSXQVXO���3DL��GDFD�QX�PDL�DYHWL�EDQDQH�����,HSXUDVXO�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�VXSHUPDUNHW�VL�FHUkQG�XQ�FXL��vQWUHDED��&kW�PD�FRVWD�XQ�FXL"9kQ]DWRUXO�UDVSXQGH��(L��GRPQXOH��PDL�QLPLF��XQ�FXL�VH�SRDWH�SLHUGH�OD�WUDQVSRUW�7LPS�GH�R�VDSWDPkQD��VHDUD�GH�VHDUD��LHSXUDVXO�QRVWUX�FXPSDUD�GH�OD�DFHODVL�PDJD]LQ��XQ�FXL�,ULWDW�� YkQ]DWRUXO� VH� KRWDUDVWH� VD�L� GHD� GLQ� SDUWHD� ILUPHL�� GUHSW� FDGRX�� XQ� NLORJUDP� GH� FXLH�� /D� DFHDVWD� RIHUWD�� LHSXUDVXOUDVSXQGH��$��QX��Q�DP�QHYRLH�GH�XQ�NLORJUDP�GH�FXLH��6WLWL��HX��LHV�VHDUD�OD�SOLPEDUH�VL�Q�DP�FXL�VD�GDX�WHOHIRQ���,QWUD�LHSXUHOH�OD�IHURPHWDO�OD���PLQXWH�GXSD�vQFKLGHUH�9kQ]DWRUXO���%DL��WX�QX�YH]L�FD�DP�vQFKLV"�"���9UHDX�VL�HX�XQ�FXL����3OHDFD�GUDFX��$P�vQFKLV����)RDUWH�XUkW�GLQ�SDUWHD�GYV���QX�VWLWL�VD�YD�SXUWDWL�FX�FOLHQWLL��3DL�WX�FH�DL�IDFH�LQ�ORFX�PHX"���+DL�VD�WL�DUDW���)DF�DVWLD�VFKLPE�GH�ORFXUL��WUHFH�LHSXUHOH�OD�WHMJKHD�LDU�YkQ]DWRUXO�LHVH�DIDUD�VL�GXSD�DLD�LQWUD�OD�ORF�LQ�PDJD]LQ��%XQD�]LXD��$V�GRUL�VL�HX�XQ�FXL���,HSXUHOH���&H�GLPHQVLXQH�VD�DLED"���3DL�YUHR���FHQWLPHWUL���1LFKHODW��LQR[LGDELO�VDX�QRUPDO"���3DL���QRUPDO���6L�LHSXUHOH���$YHP��'D�LHVL�LQ�S D�PDWL�DIDUD��QX�YH]L�FD�DP�vQFKLV"�"����,HSXUDVXO�VH�GXFH�OD�FRIHWDULH��$YHWL�VXF�GH�PRUFRY"�1X��]LFH�YkQ]DWRDUHD�$�GRXD�]L�GLQ�QRX��$YHWL�VXF�GH�PRUFRY"�1X��QX�DYHP�VXF�GH�PRUFRY��UDVSXQGH�YkQ]DWRDUHD�LQGLJQDWD�6L�WRW�DVD�VH�GXFH�LSXUDVXO�OD�FRIHWDULD�UHVSHFWLYD�YUHR�WUHL�SDWUX�]LOH�OD�UkQG��WHURUL]kQGR�SH�VDUDFD�YkQ]DWRDUH�FX�vQWUHEDUHD��$YHWL�VXF�GH�PRUFRY"��3LQD�OD�XUPD�vQWU�R�]L�FkQG�YLQH�LHSXUDVXO��$YHWL�VXF�GH�PRUFRY"�'$��$YHP�VXF�GH�PRUFRY��UDVSXQGH�YkQ]DWRDUHD�H[DVSHUDWD��%($$+��������,HSXUDVXO�VH�GXVH�LQWU�R�]L�OD�EUXWDULH���7DQWL��YD�URJ�PXOW��DYHWL�FXPYD�FKLIOXWH�GLQ�DFHOHD�PLFL�PLFL�VL�WDUL�WDUL�GH�WRW�SH�FDUH�QX�OH�SRDWH�PkQFD�QLPHQL�"��1�DYHP�DVD�FHYD��QRL�VXQWHP�R�EUXWDULH�UHVSHFWDELOD��PDUV�GH�DLFL�$�GRXD�]L���7DQWL��YD�URJ�PXOW��DYHWL�FXPYD�FKLIOXWH�GLQ�DFHOHD�PLFL�PLFL�VL�WDUL�WDUL�GH�WRW�SH�FDUH�QX�OH�SRDWH�PkQFD�QLPHQL�"

Page 10: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

��ÌQWHOHJH�FD�DLFL�IDFHP�QXPDL�SkLQH�FD�OXPHD��QX�DYHP�DVD�FHYD�$�WUHLD�]L���7DQWL��YD�URJ�PXOW��DYHWL�FXPYD�FKLIOXWH�GLQ�DFHOHD�PLFL�PLFL�VL�WDUL�WDUL�GH�WRW�SH�FDUH�QX�OH�SRDWH�PkQFD�QLPHQL�"��'D��PD��FD�P�DL�vQQHEXQLW��DP�JDVLW�FkWHYD�PLFL�PLFL�VL�WDUL�WDUL�GH�WRW�GH�QX�OH�SRDWH�PkQFD�QLPHQL�SH�IXQGXO�XQXL�VHUWDU�'D�LHSXUDVXO���%XQ��DFXP�VD�YHGHP�FLQH�OH�PDQkQFD���,HSXUDVXO�VH�GXVH�vQWU�R�]L�OD�FRIHWDULH���7DQWL��YD�URJ�PXOW��DYHWL�FXPYD�XQ�WRUW�PDUH�FkW�R�PDVD�VL�FX�IULVFD�PXOWD�PXOWD�VD�WL�YLQD�VD�YHUVL�FLQG�vO�YH]L�"��1H�SDUH�UDX�LHSXUDVXOH�GDU�QX�DYHP�DVD�FHYD�$�GRXD�]L���7DQWL��YD�URJ�PXOW��DYHWL�FXPYD�XQ�WRUW�PDUH�FkW�R�PDVD�VL�FX�IULVFD�PXOWD�PXOWD�VD�WL�YLQD�VD�YHUVL�FLQG�vO�YH]L�"��1H�SDUH�IRDUWH�UDX�LHSXUDVXOH��QX�DYHP�DVD�FHYD�$�WUHLD�]L���7DQWL��YD�URJ�PXOW��DYHWL�FXPYD�XQ�WRUW�PDUH�FkW�R�PDVD�VL�FX�IULVFD�PXOWD�PXOWD�VD�WL�YLQD�VD�YHUVL�FkQG�vO�YH]L�"��6LJXU��O�DP�FRPDQGDW�VSHFLDO��H�PDUH�FkW�R�PDVD�VL�DUH�IULVFD�PXOWD�PXOWD�VD�WL�YLQD�VD�YHUVL�FLQG�vO�YH]L��,D�XLWH�O�'D�LHSXUDVXO���%KOHHHRRRDDKKK���,HSXUDVXO�OD�IDUPDFLH���7DQWL��YUHDX�VL�HX�QLVWH�GURJXUL���7DFL�PD��HVWL�QHEXQ��QH�LD�SROLWLD�SH�WRWL��9LQR�PkLQH�$�GRXD�]L���7DQWL��YUHDX�GURJXUL���*XUD�FD�Q�DP�IDFXW�LQFD�URVW��9LQR�PkLQH�$�WUHLD�]L���7DQWL��GURJXULOH���*DWD��DP�DGXV��KDL�DLFL�GXSD�WHMJKHD�VD�WL�GDX�/D�FDUH�LHSXUDVXO�LHVH�UHSHGH�vQ�VWUDGD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�VWULJH���1HQHD�SROLWLVWXO��QHQHD�SROLWLVWXO��OD�IDUPDFLH�DX�GURJXUL������,HSXUDVXO�OD�IDUPDFLH���'DWL�PL�YD�URJ�XQ�NLO�GH�PRUFRYL���%D�VPHFKHUH��DLFL�H�IDUPDFLH�QX�DSUR]DU��'LVSDUL�LPHGLDW�FD�PD�HQHUYH]L�$�GRXD�]L���9D�URJ�IUXPRV��GDWL�PL�VL�PLH�XQ�NLO�GH�PRUFRYL���)DFL�SH�QHEXQX��GD�"�'DFD�WH�PDL�SULQG�FD�YLL�R�GDWD�VD�PL�FHUL�PRUFRYL�WH�DJDW�GH�XUHFKL�SH�SHUHWH�$�WUHLD�]L���9D�URJ�IUXPRV��YUHDX�VL�HX�QLVWH�PRUFRYL�/�D�OXDW�VL�O�D�DJDWDW�SH�SHUHWH��3H�SHUHWHOH�RSXV��SR]D�OXL�&HDXVHVFX�=LFH�LHSXUDVXO���6L�WX��WRW�SHQWUX�PRUFRYL�"��/XSXO���XUVXO�VL�YXOSHD�PHUJ�UXSWL�GH�EHWL�SULQ�SDGXUH��,HSXUHOH�vL�YHGH�VL�IRORVHVWH�GLQ�SOLQ�RFD]LD�LYLWD�VSUH�DL�FLRPDJL�ELQHSH�WRWL�WUHL��ÌQ�]LXD�XUPDWRDUH�VH�IDFH�DGXQDUH�vQ�SDGXUH�VL�OHXO�vL�vQWUHDED�SH�FHL�WUHL��&XP�DUDWD�IDSWDVXO"�&HL�WUHL�QX�VL�PDL�SRW�DGXFH�DPLQWH�GHFkW�GH�XQ�VHPQ�DO�YLFWRULHL��9�YH]L�XUHFKLOH�LHSXUDVXOXL��,HSXUDVXO�VSXQH�YLSHUHL��6H�VWUkQJH�FHUFXO�������9LQH�YXOSHD�GLVSHUDWD�OD�OHX�FX�R�UHFODPDWLH��D�IRVW�YLRODWD�FUXQW�GH�XQ�QHFXQRVFXW���&HYD�VHPQDOPHQWH�"�vQWUHDED�OHXO�IXULRV���1X�VWLX�QLPLF��]LFH�YXOSHD��HUD�vQWXQHULF��7RW�FH�DP�UHWLQXW�H�FD�DYHD�QLVWH�XUHFKL�OXQJL�%XQ��'D�RUGLQ�OHXO�VD�VH�DOLQLH]H�DEVROXW�WRDWD�OXPHD�SH�XQ�VLU�VL��vQFHSH���'RDPQD�YXOSH�D�IRVW�YLRODWD�GH�FLQHYD�FX�XUHFKL�OXQJL��$FXP�YD�FRQWUROH]�VL�YHGHP�QRL�FLQH�D�IRVW�QHQRURFLWXO�=LFH�LHSXUDVXO�GkQGX�VL�XUHFKLOH�SH�VSDWH���3ULHWHQH�PDJDU��DL�GDW�GH�GUDFX����ÌQ�SDGXUH�LQYD]LH�GH�SDGXFKL��SXULFL��FDSXVH��HWF��/HXO�GD�GHFUHW�FD�WRDWH�DQLPDOHOH�VD�VH�UDGD�OD�SLHOH�D�GRXD�]L�XUPDQG�VD�VH�IDFD�LQVSHFWLD�SW��D�VH�FRQVWDWD�GDFD�WRDWH�V�DX�WXQV�]HUR�,HSXUHOH� QX� VH� WXQGH� QXPDL� DVD�� GH�DO� GUDFX��/D� RUD� ���SXQFW� WRDWH� DQLPDOHOH� V�DX� VWUDQV� LQ� SRLDQD��/HXO�� UDV� VL� HO� IDFHLQVSHFWLD��%DL�YXOSH��YH]L�FD�QX�WH�DL�UDV�SH�FRDGD���

Page 11: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�'D�OHXOH��DVD�H��GDU�FRDGD�H�VLQJXUXO�OXFUX�FX�FDUH�PD�PDQGUHVF��&XP�VD�PD�UDG"�"���*85$��PDLQH�WH�SUH]LQWL�IDUD�SLF�GH�SDU��$,�,17(/(6"�8UPDWRUX����9LQH�OXSXO��9H]L�9XOSH�FXP�V�D�WXQV�OXSXO"�,L�VWD�FKLDU�ELQH�8UPDWRUXO���8UPDWRUXO�HUD�LHSXUHOH��FDUH�IXPD�LQWHULRUL]DW��%DL�QHPHUQLFXOH��WX�GH�FH�PDWD�QX�WH�DL�WXQV"���3DL�Q�D�YUXW�PXVFKLL�PHL����1X�WL�H�UXVLQH�PD"�"�8LWH�FD�VL�VRERODQXO�V�D�UDV��1X�L�DVD�VRERODQH"��6RERODQXO��0DULD�7D��Q�DV�LQGUD]QL�GDHX�VXQW�$ULFLXO�����/HXO�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�SDGXUH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�vO�YHGH�SH�OXS�vQ�PLMORFXO�FDUDULL��SOLQ�GH�VkQJH��vQWU�R�VWDUH�MDOQLFD��&H�V�D�vQWDPSODW�FX�WLQH�OXSXOH�GH�DUDWL�vQ�KDOX�DVWD""���3DL�VD�YH]L��DX�WUHFXW�SH�DLFL�LHSXUDVX�VL�OHRDLFD�FDUH�P�D�IRORVLW�SH�SRVW�GH�WDPSRQ����0DPD��SDL�QX�DMXQJ�LR�DFDVD��VD�YH]L�FH�L�IDF�OHRDLFHL���3OHDFD�OHXO�PDL�GHSDUWH��VH�LQWDOQHVWH�FX�YXOSHD�DIODWD�LQ�DFHHDVL�VWDUH��&H�WL�V�D�LQWDPSODW"���3DL�VWLL��D�WUHFXW�SH�DLFL�OHRDLFD�VL�LHSXUDVX�LDU�OHRDLFD�P�D�IDFXW�WDPSRQ����$KD��WRW�HD��/DVD�FD�DMXQJ�HX�DFDVD���0HUJH�PDL�GHSDUWH�VL�R�YHGH�SH�EXIQLWD�SOLQD�GH�VkQJH��FX�DULSLOH�UXSWH��SHQHOH�UDYDVLWH�HWF��/HRDLFD�WH�D�IRORVLW�SH�SRVW�GH�WDPSRQ��QX"���'D�� OHXOH�� GD� LR� LPL�EDJ�FHYD� LQ� QHQRURFLWX� DOD� GH� LHSXUDV� FD� L�D� ]LV� FD� DOHD� FX� DULSLRDUH� VXQW�PDL� EXQH� FD�QX� SDWHD]DVOLSX�������=L�GH�VHGLQWD�vQ�SDGXUH��YLQ�WRWL�FX�H[FHSWLD�LHSXUDVXOXL��/HXO�R�WULPLWH�SH�YXOSH�VD�YDGD�FDUH�L�EDLXO���6H�QWRDUFH�YXOSHD�VL�UDSRUWHD]D�FD�SH�XVD�OD�LHSXUDV�HUD�XQ�ELOHW�SH�FDUH�VFULD���2UD�6H[XDOD���'DDD����"����ELQH��ELQH���vQWHOHJHP�VLWXDWLD���3HVWH�YUH�R�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL�R�DOWD�VHGLQWD��'LQ�QRX�OLSVHVWH�LHSXUDVXO����6L�GLQ�QRX�YXOSHD�VH�QWRDUFH�FX�DFHDVL�YHVWH��2UD�6H[XDOD��"�"/D�SUR[LPD�VHGLQWD�VLWXDWLD�VH�UHSHWD�� OHXO� vVL�SLHUGH�UDEGDUHD�VL� vPSUHXQD�FX�R�FRPLVLH���YXOSHD��EXUVXFXO�V�F�O����� vL� IDF�RYL]LWD�LHSXUDVXOXL�%DW�HL�OD�XVD���QLPLF�,QWUD���VL�O�YDG�SH�LHSXUDV�VWkQG��VLQJXU��vQ�IRWROLX���3DL����FXP�����]LFH�OHXO��VLQJXUHO��VLQJXUHO�"���3DL�GDDD�����]LFH�FDVFkQG�LHSXUDVXO��PD�I H�R�OHQHHH������3HQWUX�FD�VFD]XVH�GUDPDWLF�QLYHOXO�DQXDO�DO�QDWDOLWDWLL�LQ�SDGXUH��OHXO�VH�KRWDUDVWH�VD�IDFD�R�VHGLQWD�FX�DQLPDOHOH��6H�VWULQJWRDWH��PDL�SXWLQ� LHSXUDVX��/HXO� vO� WULPLWH�SH� OXS�VD�YDGD�FXP�VWD� WUHDED� OD� LHSXUH�DFDVD��$MXQV�DFROR�� OXSXO�YHGH�SH�XVD�RLQVFULSWLH�PDUH���18�'(5$1-$7,��25$�'(�6(;2/2*,(���6H�vQWRDUFH�OD�OHX��vL�VSXQH�VL�OHXO�vO�GD�GH�H[HPSOX�SH�LHSXUDV��9HGHWL�YRL��VXSXVLL�PHL��QRL�VWDP�DLFL�VL�IDFHP�HGXFDWLH�VH[XDOD�FD�SURVWLL��LDU�LHSXUDVX�QX�DUH�WLPS�GH�DVD�FHYD�HO�QX�DUH�QHYRLH�GH�WHRULH��HO�SXQH�GLUHFW�LQ�SUDFWLFD��EUDYR�OXL���)D]D�VH�UHSHWD�YUHR�WUHL�]LOH�OD�UkQG��GXSD�FDUH��HQHUYDW��VH�GXFH�FKLDU�OHXO�OD�LHSXUH�DFDVD�,QWUD�VXSDUDW��LHSXUDVX�VWDWHD�vQ�IRWROLX��FX�SLFLRDUHOH�SH�PDVD�VL�IXPD�vQ�VLFWLU��&H�H�OHXOH��Q�DL�YD]XW�FH�VFULH�SH�XVD"���%D�GD�PD��GD�FH�IDFL�WX�VL�FH�VFULH�DFROR"���3DL�PD�I WH�R�OHQHHH�������,HSXUDVXO�VWDWHD�VL�HO�vQWU�R�]L�VL�PXQFHD�GH�]RU�GXSD�R�EXWXUXJD��7UHFH�VL�8UVXO�SH�DFROR���&H�IDFL�WX�DFROR��,HSXUDVXOH"��ÌPL�FXUDW�SLVWROXO�FD�VD�O�vPSXVF�SH�/XS�8UVXO�QX�SUHD�SDUH�FRQYLQV�FD�,HSXUDVXO�VWLH�FX�FLQH�DUH�GH�D�IDFH���%LQH�PDL�,HSXUDVXOH��GDFD�WX�]LFL�DVD���8UVXO�SOHDFD�PDL�GHSDUWH�SH�GUXPXO�OXL����'XSD�XQ�WLPS�WUHFH�VL�9XOSHD�SH�DFROR���&H�IDFL�WX�DFROR��PDL�,HSXUDVXOH"��ÌPL�FXUDW�SLVWROXO�FD�VD�O�vPSXVF�SH�/XS�9XOSHD�FkQG�DXGH�GH�DVD�FHYD�GHYLQH�IRDUWH�vQJULMRUDWD�VL�VH�SUHJDWHVWH�VD�VH�FDUH�FvW�PDL�UHSHGH�GH�DFROR���7UHDED�WD�,HSXUDVXOH��(X�QX�DPHVWHF�vQ�DIDFHULOH�WDOH���9XOSHD�SOHDFD�PDL�GHSDUWH�vQ�JUDED�PDUH��'XSD�XQ�WLPS�WUHFH�VL�/838/�SH�DFROR���&H�IDFL�PD�WX�DFROR��,HSXUH"��$D����$D����8LWH����vPL�FXUDW�VL�HX�SLVWROXO�VL�YRUEHVF�SURVWLL�����ÌQWU�R�]L�VH�SOLPED�LHSXUDVXO�SULQ�SDGXUH��VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�YXOSHD���%XQD��FH�PDL�IDFL�LHSXUDVXOH�"

Page 12: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

��2��ELQH��YXOSHR��PD�VLPW�H[FHOHQW��VLQW�LQWU�R�IRUPD�JUR]DYD��GDFD�PD�vQWLOQHVF�FX�XUVXO�vL�GDX�FLWHYD�ODEH�GH�O��QHQRURFHVF�SUDI�vO��IDF���([WUDRUGLQDU�0DL�PHUJH�HO�FHYD��VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�OXSXO���&XP�R�PDL�GXFL�LHSXUDVXOH�"��1HPDLSRPHQLW��PD�VLPW�H[FHOHQW��VXQW�vQWU�R�IRUPD�JUR]DYD��GDFD�PD�vQWkOQHVF�FX�XUVXO�vL�GDX�FLWHYD�ODEH�GH�O��QHQRURFHVF�SUDI�LO�IDF���8OXLWRU�0DL�PHUJH�FkW�PDL�PHUJH��LDWD�FD�YLQH�FKLDU�XUVXO���+DL�VDOXW�LHSXUDVXOH��DP�DX]LW�FD�WL�PHUJH�QHPDLSRPHQLW��FH�PDL��IDFL�"��&H�VD�IDF�QHQH�XUVXOH��LD��PD�SOLPE�VL�HX�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�YRUEHVF�SURVWLL������ÌQWU�R�]L�WUHFHD�LHSXUDVXO�SULQ�SDGXUH�FX�XQ WHOHYL]RU�FRORU�LQ��EUDWH��6H�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�OXSXO���,D�XLWH��VPHFKHUH��]LFH�OXSXO��XQ�WHOHYL]RU�FRORU��GH�XQGH�DL��IDFXW�URVW�GH�HO�"��3DL�VD�YH]L�FXP�D�IRVW��]LFH�LHSXUDVXO��0HUJHDP�HX�DVD�SULQ��SDGXUH�VL�GDX�SHVWH�YXOSH�6L�HD�VSXQH�FH�PDL�IDFL�LHSXUDVXOH��FD�QX��WH�DP�PDL�YD]XW�GH�PXOW��LD�KDL�SH�OD�PLQH�vQ�YL]LWD�0�DP�GXV��YXOSHD��D�SXV�PDVD��DP�PLQFDW��GXSD�DLD�YXOSHD�V�D�GH]EUDFDW��V�D�vQWLQV�SH��SDWXO�FHO�PDUH�VL�D�]LV�JDWD�LHSXUDVXOH��DFXP�SRWL�VD�PL��LHL�FH�DP�HX��PDL�VFXPS�SH�OXPH��/D�FDUH�HX�P�DP�XLWDW�vQ�MXU�VL�DP�OXDW�WHOHYL]RUXO����,HSXUDVXO�vVL�vQYDWD�ILXO��SH�LHSXULFD��VD�IDFD�VH[��$GXFH�vQ�DFHVW�VFRS�WUHL�LHSXURDLFH�]GUDYHQH�VL�vQFHSH���)LL�DWHQW��ILXOH��FD�DVWD�H�WUHDED�VHULRDVD��8UPDUHVWH�WHKQLFD�vQGHDSURDSH��FRQFHQWUDWLH�PD[LPD��*DWD�"6H�FRQFHQWUHD]D�LHSXUDVXO���������SUDI�OH�DP�IDFXW��DL�YD]XW�"�(��DVD�WUHEXLH�VD�IDFL�VL�WX��'D�L�GUXPX�ÌQFHSH�LHSXULFD�VD�VH�VFUHDPD���8��X��XQQX��GGGG���RRRR��GRL��WUUUUU���HL���1X��]LFH�LHSXUDVXO��FH�HVWL�QHEXQ�"3DL�GH�WLQH�GHSLQGH�WRW�YLLWRUXO�QHDPXOXL�QRVWUX��SH�QRL�QH�YkQHD]D�WRWL�OXSL��RDPHQL��UHEXLH�VD�vQYHWL�VD�ILL�LXWH��LXWH�GH�WRW�)LL�DWHQW�FD�WL�PDL�DUDW�R�GDWD��������JDWD�0DL�vQFHDUFD�R�GDWD�LHSXULFD�VL�HVXHD]D�MDOQLF��=LFH�LHSXUDVXO���%D�WX�HVWL�VODE��VODE�GH�WRW��'D�R�GUDFXOXL��QLFL�DWLWD�OXFUX�QX��SRWL�VD�IDFL"0D�VFkUEHVWL��ILXOH��YH]L�FD�WL�PDL��DUDW�R�GDWD�VL�JDWD��������JDWD��$FXP�WX�6H�LQGLUMHVWH�LHSXULFD��VH�FRQFHQWUHD]D�DFXW��VWUkQJH�GLQ�GLQWL���vVL�DGXQD�WRDWH�SXWHULOH��������������DK��VFX]D�PD�WDWD����ÌQ�EDUXO�GLQ�SDGXUH�DJORPHUDWLH�PDUH���,QWUD�LHSXUDVX�VL�VWULJD��'RXD�EHUL�VL�VD�FkQWH�PX]LFD�9XOSHD�VH�VFRDOD�GH�OD�R�PDVD��%DL�LHSXUDVXOH��FH�PD��WH�DL�IDFXW�MPHFKHU"�"�'H�FH�VWULJL�ED""�,HSXUDVX�vL�UDVSXQGH�FDOP��&H�YUHL�ED�QHQRURFLWR"�+DL�DIDUD�VD�QH�DUGHP��,HV�DIDUD��VH�DXG�EXEXLWXUL�VL�LQWUD�QXPDL�LHSXUHOH��'RXD�EHUL�VL�VD�FkQWH�PX]LFD�6H�ULGLFD�VL�OXSXO��&H�YUHL�PD"�7X�FUH]L�FD�GDFD�WL�D�PHUV�FX�YXOSHD�HVWL�WDUH"�+DL�DIDUD�VD�WL�DUDW�0RUWDO�.RPEDW���,HV�DVWLD��GXSD���PLQXWH�LQWUD�QXPDL�LHSXUHOH��'H�GDWD�DVWD�SURWHVWHD]D�XUVXO���HWF���DFHHDVL�SRYHVWH���LQWUD�LHSXUHOH�VL�VWULJD��'RXD�EHUL�VL�VD�FkQWH�PX]LFD�6H�GHVFKLGH�XVD�VL�LQWUD�/(8/��6D�ILH�%HUJHQELHU��FD�VXQW�FX�FXPQDWD�PLX����6H�VXLH�,HSXUDVXO�vQWU�XQ�WUHQ��$FROR�YHGH�9XOSHD��PHUJH�OD�HD�VL�L�]LFH�,HSXUDVXO���9XOSHR��KDL�DIDUD�VD�QH�EDWHP��9XOSHD���(VWL�PLF�PDL�LHSXUDVXOH�VL�QX�YUHDX�VD�WH�EDW�,HSXUDVXO���+DL�9XOSHR�DIDUD�VD�QH�EDWHP���9XOSHD���%LQH��KDL�DIDUD��0HUJ�HL�GRL�DIDUD�VL�SHVWH�XQ�WLPS�YLQH�,HSXUDVXO�FX�SLHOHD�YXOSLL�2�DVHD]D�MRV�VL�PHUJH�OD�/XS�,HSXUDVXO���+DL�/XSXOH�DIDUD�VD�QH�EDWHP��/XSXO���1X�YLQ�FD�WH�EDW�PDU��WH�RPRU�,HSXUDVXO���+DL�/XSXOH�DIDUD�VD�WH�EDW��/XSXO�SDQD�OD�XUPD�VH�vQYRLHVWH�VL�PHUJ�DIDUD��3HVWH�XQ�WLPS�YLQH�,HSXUDVXO�FX�SLHOHD�OXSXOXL�VL�R�SXQH�MRV�9HGH�,HSXUDVXO�SH�8UV�VL�PHUJH�OD�HO�VL�L�]LFH�,HSXUDVXO���+DL�8UVXOH�DIDUD�VD�QH�EDWHP���+DL�DIDUD�FH�WH�vQGRL�DVD�WH�EDW��

Page 13: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

8UVXO���1X�YLQ�PDL�,HSXUDVXOH�FD�WH�EDW�VL�WH�RPRU��,HSXUDVXO���+DL�DIDUD�8UVXOH�VD�WH�EDW��'XSD�XQ�WLPS�VH�vQYRLHVWH�VL�8UVXO�VL�PHUJ�DIDUD��3HVWH�SXWLQ�WLPS�YLQH�,HSXUDVXO�FX�SLHOHD�XUVXOXL�VL�R�SXQH�MRV�6H�SXQH�,HSXUDVXO�SH�EDQFKHWD�VL�LHVH�/HXO�GLQWU�XQ�FRPSDUWLPHQW�/HXO���,HSXUDVXOH��]L�PL�FLQH�WH�PDL�VXSDUD�FD�OD�SULPD�FRERU�����0HUJH�,HSXUDVXO�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�JDVHVWH�R�VWLFOD�FX�YRGFD��6H�XLWD�OD�HD��VH�JkQGHVWH�VL�DSRL�R�LD�VL�EHD�GLQ�HD��6H�vPEDWD,HSXUDVXO�DVD�WDUH�GH�FDGH�MRV�7UHFH�VL�9XOSHD�SH�DFROR�VL�YHGH�,HSXUDVXO�vQWLQV�SH�MRV�6H�JkQGHVWH�9XOSHD���$FXP�PDQkQF�LHSXUDV��YDL��PDQkQF�LHSXUDV�&kQG�VD�O�PDQkQFH�SH�,HSXUDV�YHGH�9XOSHD�VWLFOD�FX�YRGFD��2�LD�FD�VD�EHD�vQDLQWH�GH�PkQFDUH�FHYD��%HD�9XOSHD��EHD��EHD�VLVH�vPEDWD�GH�FDGH�VL�HD�SH�MRV�9LQH�VL�/XSXO�SH�DFROR�VL�YD]kQG�,HSXUDVXO�SH�MRV�VH�JkQGHVWH��$FXP�vO�PDQkQF�SH�,HSXUDV��YDL�FH�ELQH�FD�VL�DVD�VXQW�IODPkQG�&DQG�PHUJH�/XSXO�VD�O�PDQkQFH�SH�,HSXUDV�YHGH�VL�HO�VWLFOD�VL�R�LD�VD�EHD�VL�HO�FHYD��%HD�/XSXO�FH�EHD�SkQD�VH�vPEDWD�VL�FDGHSH�MRV�'XSD�SXWLQ�WLPS�WUHFH�VL�8UVXO�SH�DFROR�9HGH�8UVXO�SH�,HSXUDV�SH�MRV�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH��$FXP�PDQkQF�,HSXUDVXO��YDL�FH�ELQH�R�VD�PDQkQF�&DQG�VD�O�PDQkQFH�8UVXO�SH�,HSXUDV�YHGH�VL�HO�VWLFOD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�EHD��FHYD�vQDLQWH�GH�PkQFDUH�%HD�8UVXO�PXOW�VL�VH�vPEDWD�VLFDGH�VL�HO�SH�MRV�(UDX�WRWL�SDWUX�SH�MRV�FkQG�VH�VFRDOD�,HSXUDVXO�VL�YD]kQGX�L��SH�FHLODOWL�vQWLQVL�SH�MRV�]LFH���9DL�FH�UDX�vV�OD�EHWLH�����=LXD�GH�QDVWHUH�D� OHXOXL��'D�DVWD�XQ�EDLUDP�EHVWLDO� VL� LQYLWD� WRDWH�DQLPDOHOH��&HYD�GH�YLV��GLVFRWHFD��JDJLFL�� VWULSWHDVH�ODVHUL�HWF�6SUH�GLPLQHDWD��LHSXUHOH�ERUDVWH�vQWU�XQ�ERVFKHW�VL�DGRDUPH�DFROR�/HXO�VH�IDFXVH�PXFL��LD�XQ�WRSRU�VL�RPRDUD�WRDWH�DQLPDOHOH�$�GRXD�]L�VH�WUH]HVWH�LHSXUHOH�PDKPXU��vQ�MXUXO�OXL�QXPD�VkQJH��EXFDWL�GH�EODQD�FUHLHUL�SULQ�LDUED�HWF��6H�SRFQHVWH�SHVWH�IUXQWH��0D��GD�XUkW�PDL�IDF�OD�EHWLH����/D�EDUXO�GLQ�SDGXUH�V�D�EDJDW�YRGFD��$OFROLVWXO�GH�LHSXUDV�VH�DVD]D�VL�HO�OD�FRDGD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��DSDUH�8UVXO�FDUH�VHEDJD�LQ�IDWD��,HSXUDVXO��HQHUYDW��%DL�QHQRURFLWXOH��FH�WH�EDJL�PD�vQ�IDWD"�6H�LQWRDUFH�8UVXO�VL�LQWUHDED��&DUH�DL�YRUELW��%$"�"�7RDWH�DQLPDOHOH�VH�IDF�FD�SORXD�WRUHQWLDO��9LQH�VL�UkQGXO�LHSXUDVXOXL��FXPSDUD�R�QDYHWD�vQWUHDJD��VD�DLED�SW��LDUQD��VL�VH�GXFHDFDVD�6H�DVD]D�LQ�IRWROLX��GHVFKLGH�R�VWLFOD��WUDJH�XQ�JkW�VDQDWRV�VL�]LFH��,R�ED��FH��HVWL�MPHFKHU"���ÌQWU�R� EXQD� ]L� �OHXO� �UHJHOH� DQLPDOHORU� FRQYRFD� WRDWH� DQLPDOHOH� GLQ� SDGXUH� SHQWUX� D� OH� FRPXQLFD� XQ� IDSW� GH� PD[LPDLPSRUWDQWD��6WLPDWH�DQLPDOH� �GLQ� LQIRUPDWLLOH�SH�FDUH� OH�GHWLQHP� OD�DFHDVWD�RUD�DP�FRQVWDWDW� FD�SDGXUHD�HVWH� LQWU�R�VWDUH�DYDQVDWD�GHPXUGDULH�'H�DFHHD�DP�KRWDUkW�VD�VH�FRQVWUXLDVF�:&�XUL�SXEOLFH�VL�QLFL�XQ�DQLPDO�VD�QX�VL�PDL�IDFD�QHYRLOH�LQ�WXILVXUL�FDFL�YD�IL�DVSUXSHGHSVLW�%XXXQ���]LV�VL�IDFXW���ÌQWU�R�]L�OHXO�VH�SOLPED�vQ�LQVSHFWLH��&kQG��GHRGDWD�GLQWU�XQ�WXILV�DX]L�XQ�]JRPRW�FLXGDW�6H�DSURSLH�VL�vO�SULQVH�SH�LHSXUDV�IDFkQGX�VL�FODQGHVWLQ�QHYRLOH�$SXFkQGX�O�GH�XUHFKL�vO�WUDVH�DIDUD�VL�vQFHSX�VD�O�FHUWH���%LQH�EDL�DQLPDOXOH��QX�WL�DP�]LV�FD�QX�PDL�DL�YRLH�VD�WL�IDFL�QHYRLOH�vQ�SDGXUH",DU�LHSXUDVXO�vL�UDVSXQVH�VXSDUDW��0DL�QHQH�OHXOH��PDL�ODVD�PD�VL�WX�LQ�SDFH�FD�VL�DVD�VXQW�QHFDMLW��6D�VWLL�FD�QX�PD�PDL�GXF�vQ�YLDWD�PHD�OD�:&�XULOH�WDOH��'H�FH�PDL�LHSXUDVXOH"�vO�LQWUHED�OHXO�XLPLW��3DL�VD�YH]L���GHXQD]L�DP�DYXW�VL�HX�QHYRLH�VL�P�DP�GXV�OD�:&�FD�XQ�LHSXUDV�FLYLOL]DW�FH�VXQW��/kQJD�FDELQD�PHD�HUD�XUVXO�ÌPL�IDFHDP�HX�WUHDED�OLQLVWLW��FkQG��GHRGDWD�XUVXO�PD�vQWUHDED�$X]L�PDL�LHSXUDVXOH��WLH�vWL�FDGH�SDUXO"(X�L�DP�VSXV�FD�QX�6L�DWXQFL�VWLL�PD�OHXOH�FH�PL�D�IDFXW"�0�D�OXDW�GH�XUHFKL�VL�V�D�VWHUV�FX�PLQH����8UVXO�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�SDGXUH�FX�R�IRDLH�vQ�PkQD��6H�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�OXSXO��&H�DL�DFROR�XUVXOH"�/LVWD�FX�DQLPDOHOH�SH�FDUH�WUHEXLH�VD�OH�XFLG�D]L��9DL��VL�QX�FXPYD�VXQW�VL�HX�SH�OLVWD"

Page 14: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�3DL��HVWL�OD�QXPDUXO�����9DL��QX�PD�RPRUL��ODVD�PD�VD�PD�GXF�OD�FRSLLL�PHL�VD�L�PDL�YDG�RGDWD�VL�GXSD�DLD�SRWL�VD�PD�RPRUL��%LQH��KDL�6H�GXF��YHGH�OXSX�FH�DUH�GH�YD]XW��DSRL�vO�RPRDUD�XUVXO�'XSD�XQ�WLPS��VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�YXOSHD��8UVXOH�FH�DL�DFROR"�/LVWD�FX����9DL��VL�VXQW�VL�HX�DFROR"�'D��OD�QU������8UVXOH��QX�PD�XFLGH��/DVD�PD�VD�vPL�YDG�FRSLLL��HWF��%LQH��0HUJH��VH�XLWD��PRDUH�VL�YXOSHD�0DL�WLU]LX��FX�LHSXUHOH��8UVXOH��XUVXOH��FH�DL�DFROR"�/LVWD�FX�DQLPDOHOH����6L�VXQW�VL�HX�SH�DFROR"�3DL��HVWL�OD�QU�����$2/(8��6L�QX�SRWL�VD�PD�VWHUJL�GH�SH�OLVWD"�������%D�GD����&LFD�PHUJHD�LHSXUDVX�SULQ�SDGXUH�����6L�VSXQHD�0DDDD��GD�PDUH�VPHFKHU�VXQW����PDPD�FH�WDUH�VXQW����9LQH�XUVX�VL�VSXQH�/DV�R�PRDUWD�LHSXUDVXOH�FD�QX�H�FKLDU�DVD�,HSX��0DPDDDDD��FH�WDUH�VXQW��FH�PXVFKL�DP���8UVX��%DL��LQFHSL�VD�PD�FDOFL�SH�QHUYL��WDFL�RGDWD�,HSX��,D�XLWD�WH�DLFL�FH�GH�ILEUD����0LVV�2OLPSLD�QX�JOXPD���KHKHKH�8UVX��7X�QX�HVWL�vQ�WRDWH�PLQWLOH�6L�L�DUGH�XUVXOHWX�XQD�GH�]ERDUD�LHSXUHOH�SULQ�WRDWD�SDGXUHD���&DGH�LQWU�XQ�ODF��VH�VFRDOD��VH�VFXWXUD�VL����%DL��FH�WDUH�VXQW��FH�PXVFKL�DP���'DU�VXQW�XVVRRRRUUUUU�������)DFH�OHXO�VHGLQWD�GH�SDUWLG�VL�DGXQD�DQLPDOHOH�GLQ�SDGXUH���%DL�DPDULWLORU��'H�DFX�vQFROR�VD�VWLWL�FD�LHSXUDVX�DLFL�GH�IDWD�H�FHO�PDL�WDUH�GLQ�SDUFDUH�GXSD�PLQH�$QLPDOHOH��%LQH�VHIX��6�D�IDFXW�6H�WRW�SOLPED�LHSXUHOH�SULQ�SDGXUH����2�YHGH�SH�YXOSH�VL�L�WUDJH�XQD�SHVWH�ERW�9XOSHD�QX�]LFH�QLPLF����GH�6H�vQWkOQHVWH�LHSXUHOH�FX�XUVX��,�R�WUDJH�VL�OXL��8UVX�DU�YUHD�VD�ULSRVWH]H�GDU���LHSXUHOH�H�FHO�PDL�WDUH�GXSD�OHX���6H�vQWkOQHVWH�LHSXUHOH�FX�WLJUXO�VL�L�GD�XQD�SHVWH�ERW�6H�vQIXULH�WLJUXO�VL�O�PDQkQFD�0RUDOD��7LJUXO�QX�DIODVH�FD�LHSXUDVXO�H�FHO�PDL�WDUH�GXSD�OHX����,HSXUDVXO�VH�GXFH�OD�YL]XLQD�/XSXOXL��GD�EX]QD�vQDXQWUX��VL�O�LD�SH�/XSLVRU�OD�LQWUHEDUL��%DL�XUDWXOH��,D�FKHDPD�O�SH�WDFWX���$SDUH�/XSXO���&H�YUHL�PD"���,HSXUDVXO�LL�DUGH�GRL�SXPQL��=%$1*��=%$1*���VL�IXJH�/XSXO���0DPD��vO�QHQRURFHVF�SH�DVWD��vO�UXS��HWF�$�GRXD�]L�OD�IHO��D�WUHLD���DFHODVL�OXFUX��VH�HQHUYHD]D�/XSXO�VL�O�DVWHDSWD�GXSD�XVD�,QWUD�LHSXUHOH���8QGH�HVWL�EDL�OXSXOH"���ÌO�SULQGH�/XSXO�GH�JkW��$KD��QHPHUQLFX�GUDFX��,D�VD�YH]L�FH�RPRU�vWL�GDX�HX�DFX����6WDL�/XSXOH��DP�GUHSWXO�OD�R�XOWLPD�GRULQWD���%LQH�PD��&H�GRULQWD�DL"���3DL�YUHDX�VD�IDF�R�SLUXHWD��PLH�PL�D�SODFXW�PXOW�FRUHJUDILD��HWF�ÌL�GD�/XSXO�GUXPXO��IDFH�LHSXUDVXO�R�SLUXHWD��vL�GD�GRL�SXPQL��=%$1*��=%$1*����GXSD�FDUH�IXJH�/XSXO��JkQGLWRU���%DL��FH�FRUHJUDILH�WkPSLWD�������Ì�'H�FH�DUH�LHSXUDVX�FRGLWD�OD�VSDWH"5�&D�Q�IDWD�L�HO����/HXO��UHJHOH�SDGXULL�GD�GHFUHW�FD�vQ�ILHFDUH�]L�DLPDOHOH�WUHEXLH�VD�YLQD�VD�vL�DGXFD�GH�PLQFDUH�VL�GDFD�QX�L�SODFH�PLQFDUHD�vLEDWH�FX�EXODQXO�SH�VSDWH��3ULPX�YLQH�XUVX�FX�XQ�ERUFDQ�FX�PLHUH��/HXO�QHUYRV��3DL�ELQH��EDD�ERXOH��P�DL�YD]XW�WX�SH�PLQH�YUHRGDWD�VD�PkQF�PLHUH"6L�MDS��vO�EDWH�GH�O�QHQRURFHVWH�

Page 15: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

$�GRXD�]L�DSDUH�LHSXUDVX�FX�XQ�PRUFRY��%DL�LHSXUDVXOH��PD�VWLL�WX�SH�PLQH�VD�PkQF�PRUFRYL"�6L�GD�L�VL�EDWH�O�/D�FDUH�LHSXUDVX�FX�XQ�RFKL�SOkQJHD�VL�FX�XQXO�UkGHD�/HX�LQWULJDW��%DL�LHSXUDVXOH��GH�FH�FX�XQ�RFKL�SOkQJL�VL�FX�FHODODOW�Uk]L�"�3DL�FX�XQX�SOkQJ�FD�PD�GRDUH�VL�FX�FHODODOW�UkG�FD�DULFLX�YLQH�FX�XQ�PDU����(UD�R�YUHPH�FkQG�SULQ�SDGXUH�EkQWXLD�R�VDUDFLH�OXFLH��&H�PDL�QX�VH�JDVHD�DSURDSH�QLPLF�GH�PkQFDUH��ÌQWU�R�EXQD�]L��XQLHSXUDV� DQHPLF� VL� LQIRPHWDW� VH� SOLPED� YLVkQG� OD�PRUFRYL�� YDU]D�� VDODWL� VL� DOWH� GHOLFDWHVH�� &kQG� �GLQWU�R� GDWD�� FH�L� YD]XUDRFKLL"�ÌQ�PLMORFXO�GUXPXOXL�]DFHD�XQ�FRV�FX�RXD��,HSXUDVXO�VH�IUHFD�OD�RFKL��VH�FLXSL�GH�XUHFKL�VD�VH�WUH]HDVFD�VL�YD]kQG�FD�QXDUH�KDOXFLQDWLL�VH�DSURSLH��SLSDL�VL�H[FODPD��(VWH��'XSD�FH�vVL�UHYHQL�GLQ�VRFXO�VXIHULW�LHSXUDVXO�vQFHSX�VD�QXPHUH�RXDOH���(UDX����,HSXUDVXO�vQFHSX�VD�VL�IDFD�SODQXUL�FXP�VD�OH�JDWHDVFD�PDL�ELQH�VL�DMXQVH�OD�FRQFOX]LD�FD�VROXWLD�RSWLPD�HVWH�RPOHWD�3OLQ�GH�EXFXULH�LHSXUDVXO�VH�vQGUHSWD�VSUH�FDVD�FkQG�vO�IXOJHUD�XQ�JkQG��ELQH��GDU�HO�HUD�XQ�LHSXUDV�PLF�VL�vQ�WLJDLD�OXL�QX�DU�vQFDSHD�R�RPOHWD�GH����GH�RXD��$SRL�LHSXUDVXO�vVL�DPLQWL�GH�SULHWHQXO�VDX�XUVXO�FDUH��ILLQG�DVD�PDUH�WUHEXLD�VD�DLED�VL�R�WLJDLH�SH�PDVXUD�vQ�FDUH�LHSXUDVXO�VL�DU�IL�SXWXW�IDFH�RPOHWD�GRULWD�$VD�FD�LHSXUDVXO�SOHFD�OD�XUV�VD�L�FHDUD�WLJDLD��3H�GUXP�vQFHSX�VD�VH�JkQGHDVFD��8UVXO�PD�YD�vQWUHED�OD�FH�PL�WUHEXLH�R�WLJDLH�DVD�PDUH���+PP���GDFD�vPL�]LFH�VD�L�GDX����RXD"�,HSXUDVXO�VH�JkQGL�FD�vL�PDL�UDPkQ����FDUH�DU�IL�IRVW�RULFXP�GHVWXOH�SHQWUX�HO�0DL�PHUVH�FH�PDL�PHUVH�FkQG�XQ�DOW�JkQG�vL�WUHFX�SULQ�FDS��%LQH��GDU�GDFD�vPL�FHUH���"���(K��RULFXP��VL����GH�RXD�PL�DU�DMXQJH�VD�PD�VDWXU��'DU�SHVWH�SXWLQ�WLPS�VH�RSUL�GLQ�QRX��'DU�GDFD�vPL�FHUH����GH�RXD"���ÌPL�UDPkQ������0D�VDWXU�VL�FX�DWLWHD��6L�DSRL�LDU�VH�RSUL��%LQH��GDU�GDFD�LPL�FHUH����GH�RXD����GDU�GDFD�PL�OH�FHUH�SH�WRDWH�VL�QX�PDL�vPL�UDPkQH�QLPLF"�ÌQWUH�WLPS��LHSXUDVXO�DMXQVHVH�OD�FDVD�XUVXOXL��6XQD�IXULRV�OD�XVD�OXL�VL�FkQG�XUVXO��QHGXPHULW�vL�GHVFKLVH�XVD�LHSXUDVXO�WLSD�ODHO��$X]L�XUVXOH��GX�WH�GUDFXOXL�FX�WLJDLD�WD�FX�WRW�����'HSULPDW�� vQWU�R� ]L�� VH� IDFH� LHSXUHOH�PDQJD�� SXQH�PkQD�SH� FXWLW� VL� VH� GXFH� OD� FDVD� HOHIDQWXOXL�� $FROR�� vQ� IDWD�� VH� MXFDHOHIDQWHOXO�SXL�FX�WURPSD�vQ�QLVLS��$VWD�VH�UDVWHVWH�OD�HO��%DL�QHQRURFLWXOH��FKHDPD�O�PD�SH�WDFWX�FD�EDJ�VLVX�Q�WLQH���1HQH��VWLL��HX������*XUD�ED��ILU�DO�QHDPX�YRVWUX�DO�GUDFX��&KHDPD�O�SH�WDFWX�FD�WL�LDX�JkWX���(OHIDQWHOX�vQFHSH�VD�SOkQJD��0DPDDDD�����,HVH�HOHIDQWRDLFD��&H�H�SXLXOH"��,HSXUHOH��%DL�SDUD]LWLL�GUDFX�LD�FKHPDWL�O�SH�HOHIDQW�VD�QH�UDIXLP�5HSHGH��PDPD�YRDVWUD�GH�XUDWL���,HVH�VL�HOHIDQWX�FX�]LDUXO�vQ�PDQD��&H�H�GUDJD��FH�VH�vQWDPSOD"���$KD��QHPHUQLFLORU��DWL�LHVLW�FX�WRWL��OXDYD�VL�WURPSHOH��(OHIDQWX��'D�FH�H�LHSXUDVXOH"��*XUD�ED��,D�DOLQLDWL�YD�OD�SHUHWH�FD�YD�HYLVFHUH]�SH�WRWL��$VWLD��VSHULDWL��VH�DOLQLD]D��FRSLOX�SOkQJH��,HSXUDVX���0DPDDD��GD�FH�JUDVL�VXQWHWL������ÌQWU�R�EXQD�]L�LHVH�OD�SOLPEDUH�LHSXUDVXO�6H�SOLPED�HO�vQFROR�VL�QFRDFH�SULQ�SDGXUH�FD�GRDU�HUD��FHO�PDL�WDUH�LQ�SDUFDUH��$SDUH�XUVXO�GH�SH�R�FDUDUH�ODWXUDOQLFD��6D�WUDLHVWL�LHSXUDVXOH��0D�XUVXOH�LD�YLQ�D�QFRDFH��'D�VHIX����7LJDUH�DL�"��1�DP���VHIX����3DL�GH�FH�Q�DL�PD��"����=GXS��]GLS��SRF��EXI����$�GRXD�]L��GLQ�QRX��SH�FDUDUH��8UVXOH��WLJDUL�DL�"�$P��VD�WUDLWL���&KLEULW�DL�"����Q�DP�VHIX����'H�FH�Q�DL�PD�FKLEULWH�"����3RF��SRF��]GLS��]GXS��EXI����ÌQ�]LXD�XUPDWRDUH��SH�FDUDUH�

Page 16: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�8UVXOH��WLJDUL�DL�"�$P�VHIXOH���&KLEULW�"�'D�VD�WUDLWL���'DDD���EULFKHWD�DL�"������Q�DP�VHIXOHHH����3DL�VD�DL�PDL�EDLDWXOH��VD�DL����'H�FH�Q�DL�PD��QHQRURFLWXOH�"����3RF����$�SDWUD�]L����8UVXOH��WLJDUL�DL�"�$P���'D�IRF�DL�"�3RIWLWL�VHIX������>�vL�vQWLQGH�FXWLD�FX�FKLEULWXUL�@�'H�OD�EULFKHWD�"�����'D��VD�WUDLWL�������0GD���>�XLWkQGX�VH�SXWLQ�FKLRUkV����@��PPP�����0DL�XUVXOH��GH�FH�Q�DL�EDVFD�"��������8UVXO�VL�YXOSHD�HUDX�IRDUWH�EXQL�SULHWHQL�VL�WHPXWL�LQ�SDGXUH��vQWU�R�]L�VH�vQWkOQLUD�VL�QHDYkQG�FH�IDFH��KRWDUkUD�VD�VH�OHJHGH�LHSXUDV��'D�GLQ�FH�PRWLY�SXWHP�VD�O�EDWHP"�vQWUHDED�XUVXO��PDL�SURVW��3DL��vO�vQWUHEDP�GDFD�DUH�SDODULH��]LFH�YXOSHD��VL�GDFD�]LFH�FD�DUH��vO�EDWHP��GDFD�]LFH�FD�Q�DUH��LDUD�vO�EDWHP�=LV�VL� IDFXW����'XSD�FH�LHVH�LHSXUDVXO�GLQ�VSLWDO�� VH�GXFH�VD�SkQGHDVFD�SH�FHL�GRL�FRQIUDWL�� VL� vL�SULQGH�GLQ�QRX�FRPSORWkQGvPSRWULYD�OXL��'D�GH�GDWD�DVWD��FXP�R�VD�SUHWH[WDP�EDWDLD"�]LFH�LDUD�XUVXO�QHGXPLULW��ÌO�vQWUHEDP�GDFD�DUH�WLJDUL��VL�vO�EDWHP�RULFH�UDVSXQGH��]LFH�YXOSHD�,HSXUDVXO�IXJH�OD�PDJD]LQ��FXPSDUD�GRXD�SDFKHWH�GH�WLJDUL�VL�VH�vQWRDUFH�vQ�SDGXUH��DSDU�FHL�GH�PDL�VXV��$L�WLJDUL�LHSXUDVXOH"�VH�UDVWHVWH�XUVXO�&X�ILOWUX�VDX�IDUD�ILOWUX"�UDVSXQGH�LHSXUDVXO��vQFUH]DWRU�8UVXO�UDPkQH�vQPDUPXULW��GDU�YXOSHD��,HSXUDVXOH�LDUD�Q�DL�SDODULH������,HSXUHOH�DYHD�R�GDWRULH�YHFKH�OD�FDQJXU�VL�YURLD�VD�O�EDWD�GD�QX�DYHD�PRWLY��6H�GXFH�OD�SULHWHQXO�VDX�XUVXO�VL�O�URDJD��+DL�ED�XUVXOH�FD�YUHDX�VD�L�R�WUDJ�OD�FDQJXU��PDPD�OXL�GH�WDPSLW��+DL�VD�ILL�VL�WX�DFROR�VD�QX�PD�EDWD�DOD�SH�PLQH����%LQH�PD���6H�GXF�HL�OD�FDUDUHD�GLQ�SDGXUH�VL�DVWHDSWD�'XSD�FLQFL�PLQXWH�DSDUH�FDQJXUXO��,HSXUHOH�vL�LHVH�vQ�IDWD��,D�VWDL�ED��'H�FH�Q�DL�VDSFD�QHQRURFLWXOH""���=%$1*��&DQJXUXO�VXIHUD�LQ�OLQLVWH��YD]XVH�FD�XUVXO�HUD�FX�LHSXUHOH��)D]D�VH�UHSHWD�YUHR�WUHL�]LOH��GXSD�FDUH�LHSXUHOXL�L�VH�IDFH�WDUVHDOD�VD�O�PDL�EDWD�FD�QX�DUH�VDSFD�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH�OD�DOWFHYD��ÌL�FHU�R�WLJDUD�VL�GDFD�PL�GD�FX�ILOWUX�]LF�FD�YUHDX�IDUD��'DFD�DUH�GH�DPEHOH�IHOXUL�vL�FHU�XQ�IRF�'DFD�vPL�GD�EULFKHWD��]LF�FD�YUHDX�FKLEULW�HWF��1X�VH�SRDWH�VD�DLED�WRW�FH�L�FHU���=LV�VL�IDFXW��,DU�vL�DVWHDSWD�DVWLD�GRL�SH�FDQJXU��DSDUH�DOD�VL�LHSXUHOH�]LFH��,D�GD�EDL�R�WLJDUH����&X�VDX�IDUD�ILOWUX"��,HSXUHOH��VRFDW��&X��6L�GD�VL�XQ�IRF����%ULFKHWD�VDX�FKLEULW"��,HSXUHOH��VFDQGDOL]DW��%ULFKHWD���'XSD�FH�WHUPLQD�WLJDUD�LHSXUHOH�]LFH��'$�'(�&(�1�$,�6$3&$�%$""����'RL�YkQDWRUL�OD�YkQDWRDUH�GH�LHSXUL��8Q�LHSXUH�WkVQHVWH�GH�SH�XQ�KDW��9kQDWRUXO�$�WUDJH��QX�QLPHUHVWH��)XWX�L�PDPD�OXL�GH�LHSXURL���9DQDWRUXO�%��%D�HUD�LHSXURDLFD��%D�HUD�LHSXURL��%D�LHSXURDLFD�+DL�VD�O�vQWUHEDP�SH�1HD�*KHRUJKH�FD�VWDWHD�UH]HPDW�vQ�FRDGD�VDSHL��PDL�DSURDSH�GH�XQGH�VDULVH�DQLPDOXO��&H�IXVH�EDGH��LHSXUH�VDX�LHSXURDLFD"�,HSXUH��FRDQH��'D�GH�XQGH�VWLL"�3DL�FDQG�WUHFX�IXJLQG�SH�OkQJD�PLQH�O�DP�DX]LW�]LFkQG���0L�DWL�EHOLW�SX D�����ÌQWU�R�]L�DQLPDOHOH�SDGXULL�IDF�R�GHOHJDWLH�VL�R�WULPLW�OD�OHX�

Page 17: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�/HXOH��XLWH�FDUH�VLWXDWLD��H�SOLQD�WRDWD�SDGXUHD�GH�FDFD��GH�SLSL��XQGH�WH�XLWL�WRDWH�WXILVXULOH�VXQW�SOLQH�$VD�QX�PDL�SXWHP�WUDL��WUHEXLH�IDFXW�FHYD��'H�DFRUG��]LFH�OHXO��IDFHP�XQ�YHFHX�SXEOLF�6H�DSXFD�HL�VL�IDF�XQ�YHFHX�SXEOLF�FX�JHPXOHW��FX�vQFXLHWRDUH�OD�XVD��YRSVLW�UR]��PDL�PDUH�IUXPXVHWHD��6L�FD�VD�QX�O�VWULFHFLQHYD�� O�DX�SXV�SH�XUV�GH�SD]D��/LSVHVWH� XUVXO� FkWHYD�PLQXWH� vQWU�R�]L�� FLQG�YLQH� vQDSRL�� JHDPXO� VSDUW� OD� YHFHX��$QFKHWDPDUH��DGXQD�OHXO�WRDWH�DQLPDOHOH��&DUH�DWL�VSDUW�PD�JHDPXO�",HVH�LHSXUDVXO�DPDUkW�vQ�IDWD��(X��OHXOH��&XP�DVD�"�3DL�VD�YH]L��VWDWHDP�HX�OD�UkQG�OD�YHFHX�FkQG�FLQHYD�GLQDXQWUX�PD�vQWUHDED���0D��HVWL�PLF�"���=LF�HX���GD��(O�]LFH��DL�EODQD�"���HX��GD��DP���3DF�PD�vQVIDFD��VH�VWHUJH�FX�PLQH�OD�IXQG�VL�PD�DUXQFD�SH�IHUHDVWUD�8LWH�DVD�DP�VSDUW�JHDPXO��%LQH�PD��KDL�FD�HVWL�DPDUkW��GX�WH�OLQLVWLW�$�GRXD�]L�LDU�OLSVHVWH�XUVXO��LDU�JHDPXO�VSDUW��LDU�DQFKHWD��&LQH�D�VSDUW�JHDPXO��LHVH�WRW�LHSXUDVXO�vQ�IDWD��7RW�WX�PD��QHIHULFLWXOH��]LFH�OHXO��'D�PDULD�WD��$VWHSWDP�OD�UkQG�OD�YHFHX��P�D�vQWUHEDW�LDU�FDUH�HUD�vQDXQWUX��HVWL�PLF��DL�EODQD�GXSD�FDUH�P�D�OXDW�VL�V�D�VWHUV�OD�IXQG�FX�PLQH��DSRL�P�D�DUXQFDW�SH�IHUHDVWUD��*DWD��]LFH�OHXO��QDVRO�GH�WLQH��SRWL�SOHFD�$�WUHLD�]L��DFHHDVL�FKHVWLH��LDU�DQFKHWD��&LQH�D�VSDUW�JHDPXO��vQWUHDED�OHXO�,DU�LHVH�LHSXUDVXO��$VWD�L�FXOPHD��GLQ�QRX�WX��PD�"�'D��OHXOH��VWDL�VD�YH]L�FXP�D�IRVW��6WDWHDP�HX�SH�YHFHX�D]L�VL�DXG�SH�FLQHYD�FD�PLVFD�OD�XVD��=LF���HVWL�PLF�"��HO�]LFH�GD�O�DP�OXDW��P�DP�VWHUV�OD�IXQG�FX�HO�VL�DP�VDULW�SH�IHUHDVWUD��3DL�WRW�WX�PD�"�'D��FD�HUD�DULFLXO����9LQH�LHSXUDVXO�OD�XUV��1HQH�XUVXOH��KDL�OD�EDU�FD�IDF�HX�FLQVWH��2��EXQ��VH�EXFXUD�XUVXO��KDL�$MXQJ�HL�OD�EDU��YLQH�EDUPDQXO��=LFH�LHSXUDVXO��%DUPDQ��R�WXLFD�SHQWUX�PLQH�VL�R�&ROD�SHQWUX�XUV�6H�VXSDUD�XUVXO��vO�VFRDWH�SH�LHSXUDV�DIDUD�VL�VSXQH��$VFXOWD��LHSXUDVXOH��QRL�VLQWHP�SULHWHQL��GD�GDFD�PL�PDL�IDFL�R�ID]D�GLQ�DVWD�VD�PD�XPLOHVWL�vQ�SXEOLF�WH�EDW�GH�WH�ODV�ODW�$�GRXD�]L��LDU�YLQH�LHSXUDVXO�OD�XUV��+DL�XUVXOH�OD�EDU�FD�IDF�FLQVWH�6H�GXF��YLQH�EDUPDQXO��]LFH�LHSXUDVXO��2�WXLFD�SHQWUX�PLQH�VL�GRXD�&ROD�SHQWUX�XUV�ÌO�VFRDWH�XUVXO�SH�LHSXUDV�DIDUD�VL�vO�EDWH�GH�O�IDFH�SUDI�$�WUHLD�]L��1HQH�XUVXOH��KDL�OD�EDU�FD�LDU�IDF�FLQVWH�0HUJ�HL�LDU��VH�DVHD]D�OD�EDU��YLQH�EDUPDQXO��LHSXUDVXO��%DUPDQ��R�WXLFD�SHQWUX�PLQH�VL�R�&ROD�SHQWUX�XUV�FD�GDFD�EHD�GRXD�LDU�VH�PEDWD�VL�QX�PDL�VWLH�FH�IDFH����ÌQWU�R�]L�VH�DSXFD�OXSXO�VD�O�YkQH]H�SH�LHSXUDV��GD�GH�HO��FkQG�VD�O�SULQGD�LHSXUDVXO�R�WXOHVWH�OD�IXJD�VL�O�SLHUGH�0HUJH�OXSXO�FH�PHUJH��VH�vQWLOQHVWH�FX�YXOSHD��9XOSHR��VWLL�FXPYD�SH�XQGH�D�OXDW�R�LHSXUHOH�"�'DFD�PD�ODVL�VD�WL�VPXOJ�XQ�VPRF�GH�EODQD�vWL�VSXQ��%LQH��WH�ODV��ÌL�VPXOJH�YXOSHD�XQ�VPRF��GXSD�DLD�]LFH��7H�DP�PLQWLW��QX�VWLX�SH�XQGH�D�OXDW�R�0DL�PHUJH�OXSXO�VH�vQWLOQHVWH�FX�XUVXO��8UVXOH��VWLL�FXPYD�SH�XQGH�D�OXDW�R�LHSXUHOH�"�'DFD�PD�ODVL�VD�WL�VPXOJ�XQ�VPRF�GH�EODQD�vWL�VSXQ��%LQH��WH�ODV��ÌL�VPXOJH�XUVXO�XQ�VPRF��GXSD�DLD�]LFH�7H�DP�PLQWLW��QX�VWLX�SH�XQGH�D�OXDW�R�0HUJH�OXSXO�PDL�GHSDUWH��VH�vQWLOQHVWH�FX�VDXVDEUXO��$��QX�VWLL�FH�H�DOD�XQ�VDXVDEUX�"�'DFD�PD�ODVL�VD�WL�VPXOJ�XQ�VPRF�GH�EODQD�vWL�VSXQ����6H�IDFH�LQ�SDGXUH�FRQVLOLX���/HXO�YURLD�R�IULSWXUD�VL�IDFH�XQ�FRQFXUV�GH�EDQFXUL��$OD�FDUH�]LFH�XQ�EDQF�VL�H�XQX�VLQJXU�FDUH�QX�UkGH�R�VD�ILH�IULSWXUD����9LQH�LHSXUDVXO��]LFH�XQ�EDQF�VL�WRDWD�SDGXUHD�HUD�SH�MRV�GH�UkV���QXPDL�JLUDID�VWDWHD�VHULRDVD

Page 18: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

ÌO�PDQkQFD�OHXO�SH�LHSXUDV����9LQH�VL�YXOSHD�]LFH�XQ�EDQF��QLPHQL�QX�UkGH�vQ�DIDUD�GH�JLUDID�FDUH�HUD�SH�MRV�GH�UkV����'H�FH�Uk]L�JLUDIR"�R�vQWUHDED�OHXO��'H�EDQFXO�LHSXUDVXOXL������,HSXUDVXO�PHUJH�OD�IDUPDFLH��%XQD�]LXD��DYHWL�PRUFRYL")DUPDFLVWXO��VXSDUDW��vL�UDVSXQGH��0DL�LHSXUDVXOH�PDL��FkQG�R�VD�WL�WUDJ�XQD�R�VD�WL�VSDUJ�GLQWLL��7X�QX�YH]L�FD�DLFL�HVWH�IDUPDFLH�VL�QX�DSUR]DU"$�GRXD�]L�,HSXUDVXO�UHYLQH��0RUFRYL�DYHWL"�&DUD�WH�GH�DLFL�FD�R�VD�WL�VWUkQJL�GLQWLL�GH�SH�MRV�$�WUHLD�]L�SRYHVWHD�VH�UHSHWD��VL�)DUPDFLVWXO��VFRV�GLQ�VDULWH��vL�WUDJH�XQ�VXW�vQ�ERW�$�SDWUD�]L�,HSXUDVXO�VH�vQWRDUFH�OD�)DUPDFLH��WRW�EDQGDMDW�vQ�MXUXO�ERWXOXL��%XQD�]LXD��DP�YHQLW�VD�YD�vQWUHE�GDFD�DYHWL�VXF�GH�PRUFRYL"���,HSXURDLFD��IUXPRDVD�SDGXULL�VL�GRULWD�GH�WRDWH�DQLPDOHOH�PDVFXOH�GLQ�SDGXUH��VH�PDULWD�SkQD�OD�XUPD�FX�OXSXO�'XSD�XQ�WLPS��LHSXURDLFD�QDVWH�WUHL�SXUFHOXVL��/XSXO��VXSDUDW��R�SDUDVHVWH��8UVXO��YHFKL�DGPLUDWRU��VH�JkQGHVWH��%DL��LHSXURDLFD�DVWD�H�FDP�FXUYD��GD�XLWH�FH�PLVWR�DUDWD�VL�RULFXP��SRDWH�OXSXO�QX�D�VDWLVIDFXW�R��GH�DLD�D�DYXW�QHYRLH�VL�GHDOWFLQHYD�6L� VH� vQVRDUD� FX� LHSXURDLFD�� 'XSD� XQ� WLPS�� LHSXURDLFD� QDVWH� WUHL� SXUFHOXVL�� 8UVXO�� VXSDUDW�� R� SDUDVHVWH�� /HXO�� UHJHOH�� VHJkQGHVWH��'D�IRFRDVD�H�LHSXURDLFD�DVWD��GDFD�QLFL�OXSXO�VL�QLFL�XUVXO�Q�DX�VDWLVIDFXW�R��0D�IDFH�FXULRV�6L�VH�vQVRDUD�FX�LHSXURDLFD��'XSD�XQ�WLPS��LHSXURDLFD�QDVWH�WUHL�SXUFHOXVL�0RUDOD��WRWL�EDUEDWLL�VXQW�SRUFL����ÌQWU�R�]L�PHUJH�LHSXUDVXO�OD�XUV�DFDVD��EDWH�OD�XVD�VL�GHVFKLGH�XUVXOHWXO��7DLFD�WDX�H�DFDVD��vQWUHDED�LHSXUDVXO��1X��QXPDL�PDPD��%LQH��VSXQH�L�FD�DP�WUHFXW�SH�DLFL��]LFH�LHSXUDVXO�VL�SOHDFD�$�GRXD�]L�LHSXUDVXO�PHUJH�LDUD�OD�XUV�DFDVD��EDWH�OD�XVD�VL�GHVFKLGH�XUVXOHWXO��0DLFD�WD�H�DFDVD��vQWUHDED�LHSXUDVXO��1X��QXPDL�WDWD�H�DFDVD��%LQH��VSXQH�L�FD�DP�WUHFXW�SH�DLFL��]LFH�LHSXUDVXO�VL�SOHDFD�$�WUHLD�]L�PHUJH�LDUDVL�LHSXUDVXO�OD�XUV�DFDVD��EDWH�OD�XVD�VL�GHVFKLGH�XUVXOHWXO��7DLFD�WDX�H�DFDVD��vQWUHDED�LHSXUDVXO��1X��'DU�PDLFD�WD"�1X��UDVSXQGH�XUVXOHWXO��$WXQFL�DL�JULMD�FD�GDFD�YUHDX�DVD�vWL�GDX�XQD�������&LFD�PHUJHD�9XOSHD�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�,HSXUDVXO�FDUH�HUD��SOLQ�GH�VkQJH�VL�O�vQWUHDED��&H�DL�SDWLW�,HSXUDVXOH�"��6�R�LD�GUDFX�SH�XUVRDLFD��H�SH�URVX�VL�P�D�IRORVLW�GUHSW�WDPSRQ�$�GRXD�]L��9XOSHD�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�%XIQLWD��FDUH�HUD�WRW�SOLQD�GH�VkQJH�VL�R�vQUHDED�FH�D�SDWLW��OD�FDUH�%XIQLWD�UDVSXQGH��6D�O�LD�GUDFX�SH�,HSXUDV�FD�L�D�VSXV�8UVRDLFHL�FD�WDPSRDQHOH�FX�DULSLRDUH�VXQW�PDL�EXQH������ÌQWU�R�SDGXUH�VH�GHVFKLGH�XQ�VXSHUPDUNHW��7RDWH�DQLPDOHOH�VH�DVHD]D�OD�FRDGD�OXSXO��YXOSHD�XUVXO�DMXQJ�PDL�OD�XUPD�'HRGDWD�DSDUH�LHSXUHOH�VL�YUHD�VD�WUHDFD�GH�XUV��FDUH�HUD�XOWLPXO��8UVXO�VXSDUDW�vO�LD�SH�LHSXUH�OD�EDWDLH�vQ�FHOH�GLQ�XUPD�LHSXUHOH�VFDSD�VL�YUHD�VD�WUHDFD�PDL�GHSDUWH�GDU�GD�GH�YXOSH�FDUH�VXSDUDWD�FD�LHSXUHOH�YUHD�VD�R�LD�LQDLQWHD�HLvO�LD�OD�EDWDLH�ÌHSXUHOH�VFDSD�VL�GH�YXOSH�VL�DPELWLRQDW�YUHD�VD�WUHDFD�VL�PDL�vQ�IDWD�GDU�GD�GH�OXS�FDUH�YUHD�VL�HO�VD�O�LD�OD�EDWDLH�$WXQFL�LHSXUHOH�VXSDUDW�vQFHSH�VD�VWULJH��6D�PRU�GDFD�PDL�GHVFKLG�PDJD]LQXO�DVWD]L����0DUH�EHWLYDQ�HUD�LHSXUDVXO��ÌQWU�R�]L��VH�vQWkOQHVWH�SULQ�SDGXUH��SH�R�FDUDUH��FX�OXSXO�/XSXO�VH�GDGHD�FX�R�SHUHFKH�GH�URWLOH�SH�FDUH�WRFPDL�OH�DFKL]LWLRQDVH��7UHFH�OXSXO�SH�OkQJD�HO��VH�RSUHVWH�,HSXUDVXO��VSULMLQLW�FX�R�ODED�GH�XQ�FRSDF��FX�VWLFOD�GH�WXLFD�vQ�PkQD��DPHWLW�GH�WRW��vO�vQWUHDED��,D�VSXQH��PDL�OXSXOH����KkF����GH�XQGH�DL�WX����KkF����URWLOHOH�DOHD�DVD�GH����KkF����PHVHULDVH"�$SDL�HX�QX�EHDX�WRDWD�]LXD�FD�WLQH��QX�GDX�EDQLL�SH�EDXWXUD��8LWH�FD�DP�VWUkQV�VL�HX�QLVWH�EDQL�VL�PL�DP�FXPSDUDW�QLVWH�URWLOH�([DFW�DFHODVL�OXFUX�VH�vQWkPSOD�VL�SHVWH�R�OXQD��FkQG�OXSXO�YLQH�FX�R�ELFLFOHWD�VXSHUED����$FHHDVL�vQWUHEDUH��DFHODVL�UDVSXQV��(X�QX�GDX�EDQLL�SH�EDXWXUD�3HVWH�vQFD�R�OXQD��OXSXO�vL�SUH]LQWD�LHSXUDVXOXL�\DKWXO�OXL�SHUVRQDO��XOWUDHOHJDQW��HWF���

Page 19: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

0DL�WUHFH�R�VDSWDPkQD��/XSXO��SULQ�SDGXUH��VH�SOLPED��'HRGDWD�VH�DXGH�XQ�]JRPRW�3ULYHVWH�vQ�VXV�VL�vO YHGH�SH�LHSXUDV�OD�ERUGXO�XQXL�DYLRQ�WUD]QHW��EDLH��79����FRQIRUW��QX�JOXPD�/XSXO�KROEHD]D�QLVWH�RFKL�FkW�FHSHOH��LHSXUDVXO�FRERDUD�VL�OXSXO�vO�vQWUHDED��3DL��ELQH��PDL�LHSXUDVXOH��GH�XQGH�DL�WX��XQ�DOFRROLVW��DVD�FHYD"�0�DP�IDFXW�EDLDW�FXPLQWH��OXSXOH��QX�PDL�EHDX��%LQH��ELQH��GD�GH�XQGH�DL�DYXW�EDQL�GH�DVD�FHYD"�6LPSOX��$P�YvQGXW�WRDWH�VWLFOHOH�GH�EDXWXUD����2�KDLWD�GH�OXSL�YUHD�VD�WUHDFD�XQ�SRG��GDU�OH�VDUH�vQ�IDWD�LHSXUDVXO�VWULJkQG��/XSLORU��VvQW�GXUL�SULQWUH�YRL"�1X��'DFD�YUHWL�VD�WUHFHWL��WUHEXLH�VD�vPL�GDWL�ILHFDUH�FvWH�������OHL�$�GRXD�]L��VH�vQWkPSOD�DFHODVL�OXFUX�$�WUHLD�]L��VH�JkQGHVF�OXSLL�VL�vVL�DOHJ�WUHL�GXUL��GXSD�FDUH�SRUQHVF�OD�GUXP��,HSXUDVXO�OH�VDUH�GLQ�QRX�vQ�GUXP�VL�vL�vQWUHDED��/XSLORU��VvQW�GXUL�SULQWUH�YRL"�'D��]LF�FHL�WUHL�GXUL�VL�LHV�OD�LYHDOD��$WXQFL��XUVXOH��LD�GH�OD�FHL�WUHL�FvWH�������OHL�VL�GH�OD�UHVWXO�LDX�HX�������OHL����,HSXUDVXO�VH�GXFH�OD�FKLRVFXO�VH�OD�FLOW�VL�]LFH��'DWL�PL��YD�URJ�IUXPRV��WUHL�VWLFOH�GH�SH[L�9kQ]DWRDUHD�QX�O�EDJD�vQ�VHDPD��ÌPL�GDWL��YD�URJ��WUHL�VWLFOH�GH�SH[L��1X�WL�GDX�QLPLF�SkQD�QX�vQYHWL�VD�YRUEHVWL�FRUHFW�6H�SHWUHFH�DFHHDVL�ID]D�FkWHYD�]LOH�OD�UkQG�SkQD�FkQ�YLQH�RGDWD�LHSXUDVXO��ÌPL�GDWL��YD�URJ��WUHL�VWLFOH�GH�SHSVL��9H]L�DVD�WH�YUHDX��YH]L�FD�VH�SRDWH��]LFH�YkQ]DWRDUHD�VL�vL�GD�VWLFOHOH�GH�SHSVL�,HSXUDVXO�LD�SODVD�FX�VWLFOH�VL�]LFH��0HU[L����,HSXUDVXO�VL�JDJLFD�VD�LHSXULQD�VXQW�XUPDULWL�GH�PDL�PXOWL�FkLQL�ÌQ�XOWLPXO�PRPHQW�UHXVHVF�VD�VH�DVFXQGD�vQWU�R�JDXUD�vQ�SDPkQW��3ULHWHQD�VD�VSXQH��(L�VL�DFXPD�FH�IDFHP"�)RDUWH�VLPSOX��VSXQH�LHSXUDVXO��VWDP�DLFL�SkQD�OH�VXQWHP�QXPHULF�VXSHULRUL������Ì�6WLWL�GH�FH�GRDUPH�LHSXUDVXO�FX�RFKLL�GHVFKLVL"5�3HQWUX�FD�DUH�SLHOHD�VWUkPWD�VL�GDFD�vQFKLGH�RFKLL�L�VH�EHOHVWH�S D����ÌQ�ILHFDUH�]L�OXSXO�VL�LHSXUDVXO�MRDFD�VDK�VL�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�LHSXUDVXO�vQYLQJH�/XSXO�vO�vQWUHDED�VHFUHWXO��%DL�LHSXUDV��]L�PD�FH�IDFL�GH�PD�EDWL�WRWGHDXQD��ÌQ�ILHFDUH�GLPLQHDWD�vQDLQWH�GH�SDUWLGD�IDF�VH[�FX�SULHWHQD�PHD�VL�PD�ELQHGLVSXQ�VL�DVWIHO�VXQW�vQWU�R�IRUPD�H[FHOHQWD�SW��DMXFD�VDK�/XSXO�VH�SULQGH�GH�VPHFKHULH��GDU�QHDYkQG�SULHWHQD�VH�GXFH�D�GRXD�]L�GLPLQHDW]D�VL�VDUH�SH�OXSRDLFD��OD�FDUH�HD��&H�L�LHSXUDVXOH��LDU�YUHL�VD�MRFL�VDK�FX�OXSXO"���,HSXUDVXO�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�OD�XQ�PRPHQGDW�YHGH�XQ�XUV��8UVXOH��XUVXOH�VWLL�FD�VD�IDFXW�R�EHUH�FX�QXPHOH�WDX"/D�FDUH�XUVX��'DQLHO""����,HSXUDVXO�VL�JDJLFD�VD�LHSXULQD�VXQW�OD�XQ�VSHFWDFRO�GH�FLUF�VL�XUPDUHVF�FXP�MRQJOHXUXO�VFRDWH�LHSXUDVL�DOEL�GLQ�MREHQ�/D�FDUH�LHSXUDVXO��'UDJD��PHWRGD�QRDVWUD�vPL�SODFH�PDL�PXOW�������8UVXO�VWDWHD�VL�VH�XLWD�OD�LHSXUDV��FDUH�VWULJD�OD�R�SUDSDVWLH��/XSXOHHHH��OXSXOHHHH���6H�DSURSLH�GH�LHSXUDV���DFHVWD�PDL�GHSDUWH��/XSXOHHHH��OXSXOHHHH���6H�PDL�DSURSLH�XQ�SLF���LHSXUDVXO�WRW�DVD��/XSXOHHHH��OXSXOHHHH���9LQH�SH�PDUJLQHD�SUDSDVWLHL�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�LHSXUDV��0D�LHSXUDVXOH��FH�IDFL�WX�DLFL",HSXUDVXO��QLFL�XQD��QLFL�GRXD�vO�vPSLQJH�vQ�SUDSDVWLH�VL�vQFHSH�VD�VWULJH�

Page 20: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�8UVXOHHHHH��XUVXOHHHHH������,HSXUDVXO�VH�SOLPD�SULQ�SDGXUH��ÌO�YHGH�XUVXO�VL�FXP�vO�SULQGH�vO�YLROHD]D��'XSD�FH�VH�WHUPLQD�WRDWD�WUHDED�� LHSXUDVXO�FXODFULPL�vQ�RFKL�vQWUHDED��%D�WkPSLWXOH��WX�Q�DL�DOWD�WUHDED�GHFkW�VD�WH�GDL�OD�LHSXUDVL"�'D�LD�]L��DL�FHUWLILFDW�PHGLFDO�FD�QX�DL�6,'$�"�'D��FXP�VD�QX��XLWH�KkUWLD��VL�VFRDWH�R�KkUWLH�GLQ�EX]XQDU��3RWL�VD�O�UXSL����6H�SOLFWLVHDX�OHXO�VL�OHRDLFD�vQWU�R�GXSD�DPLD]D�GH�YDUD��&RQYRDFD�HL�WRDWH�DQLPDOHOH�VL�OHXO�OH�]LFH��&DUH�VDUH�vQ�SUDSDVWLD�FHD�PDL�DGkQFD�GLQ�SDGXUH��SRDWH�V�R�I D�SH�OHRDLFD�6H� XLWD� DQLPDOHOH� OD� OHRDLFD�� KPPPP�� EXQD� EXFDWD�� 6H� XLWD� SH� XUPD� OD� SUDSDVWLH� VL� VH� vQILRDUD���� EUUUU� FH� DGkQFD� HVWH�,HSXUDVXO�VWDWHD�FD�GH�RELFHL�OkQJD�XUV��/D�XUPD��OHXO��YD]kQG�FD�DVWLD�VH�WRW�FRGHVF��VH�SOLFWLVHVWH�VL�]LFH��(X�PD�GXF�FX�OHRDLFD�MRV��VD�YHGHP�FLQH�DSDUH�SULPXO���=LV�VL�IDFXW��'XSD�XQ�WLPS��DSDUH�XQ�PLF�SXQFW�PDUR�SH�FHU��FDUH�VH�IDFH�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�PDUH�VL�EXI��8UVXO�VH�IDFH�SODFLQWDOD�SLFLRDUHOH�ORU��6H�ULGLFD��vVL�vQGUHDSWD�RDVHOH��vVL�VFXWXUD�EODQD�GH�SUDI�VL�SH�XUPD�GD�VD�SOHFH�/HXO�vO�RSUHVWH��VSXQkQGX�L��8QGH�SOHFL�"�7L�DP�SURPLV�FD�WL�GDX�OHRDLFD�V�R�I L���'D��ELQH��GD�SULPD�GDWD�PD�GXF�VD�O�I W�SH�DOD�FDUH�P�D�vPSLQV������,HSXUDVXO�VH�GXFH�OD�YXOSH�OD�YL]XLQD�VL�EDWH�OD�XVD��,HVH�R�YXOSLWD�PLFD��,HSXUDVXO��0D�WD�L�DFDVD"�9XOSLWD��1X��6D�L�VSXL�FD�D�YHQLW�LHSXUDVX�VL�D�]LV�FD�YUHD�VD�R�IUHFH���=LXD���OD�IHO�=LXD���OD�IHO�=LXD���VH�VXSDUD�YXOSHD�VL�UDVSXQGH�HD��,HSXUDVXO�FkQG�R�YHGH��R�LD�OD�IXJD��9XOSHD�GXSD�HO��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�DSDUH�vQ�IDWD�RVFRUEXUD�,HSXUDVXO�FRWHVWH�EUXVF�VL�YXOSHD�LQWUD�FX�FDSXO�vQ�VFRUEXUD�VL�UDPkQH�vQWHSHQLWD��,HSXUDVXO��IUHFkQGX�VL�ODEXWHOH���$FX�QX�FD�DV�YUHD�QHDSDUDW��GDU�OH�DP�SURPLV�OD�DLD�PLFL������6H�KRWDUDVWH�LHSXUDVXO�VD�VH�GXFD�OD�ERUGHO��6H�GXFH�HO��PHUJH�OD�PDWURDQD��]LFH��9D�URJ��IUXPRV��HX�R�YUHDX�SH�FHD�PDL�EXQD�WLSD�SH�FDUH�R�DYHWL�DLFL��XLWDWL��DP�EDQL��WRWXO�H�Q�UHJXOD��0GD�� ]LFH� PDWURDQD�� GDU� YH]L� LHSXUDVXOH� FD� QX� PHUJH� DVD�� OD� QRL� FD� VD� R� LHL� SH� FHD� PDL� EXQD� WLSD� WUHEXLH� VD� ILL� FHYDQHPDLSRPHQLW��XQ�VXSHUPDQ��7H�DL�DQWUHQDW�UHFHQW"�1X�SUHD�]LFH�LHSXUDVXO��GD�QRL�LHSXULL��VWLWL��VXQWHP�YLULOL����1X�PHUJH�DVD��GX�WH��DQWUHQHD]D�WH��GXSD�DLD�PDL�GLVFXWDP�6H�GXFH�LHSXUDVXO�VL�VH�DQWUHQHD]D�R�OXQD�vQWUHDJD�OD�VFRUEXUL��9LQH�vQDSRL�VL�]LFH��*DWD��P�DP�DQWUHQDW��GDWL�PL�R�SH�FHD PDL�EXQD��%LQH�LHSXUDVXOH��GDFD�]LFL�WX��ELQH��YH]L�FDPHUD�FXWDUH�6H� GXFH� LHSXUDVXO�� WRDWH� IHPHLOH� FXULRDVH� �PDL� FH� R� IL� FX� DVWD� GH� D� FHUXW�R� SH� FHD PDL� EXQD�� VL� V�D� PDL� VL� DQWUHQDW�QHPDLSRPHQLW��LD�KDL�VD�QH�XLWDP�VD�YHGHP�VL�QRL�PHVHULH��6H�GXF�HOH��DVFXOWD�OD�XVD��VH�DX]HD�WLSD�WLSkQG�vQILRUDWRU��,D�XLWH��]LF�FHOHODOWH��FKLDU�H�WDUH�LHSXUDVXO��L�DX]L�FH�L�IDFH�&LQG�VH�XLWD�HOH�SH�JDXUD�FKHLL��LHSXUDVXO�R�WLQHD�SH�IHPHLH�GH�SLFLRDUH�VL�R�VFXWXUD�]GUDYDQ��1DYDOHVF�WRDWH�vQDXQWUX��&H�L�IDFL��QHPHUQLFXOH��SHUYHUVXOH��FH�L�FX�FKHVWLLOH�DVWHD"�3DL�VD�YHGHWL��]LFH�FDOP�LHSXUDVXO��FD�PLH�Q�SDGXUH�PL�V�D�PDL�vQWkPSODW�FD�VFRUEXUD�VD�DLED�DOELQH����+DLWD�GH�OXSL� LHVH�vQ�DFHDVWD�QRDSWH�OD�R�YkQDWRDUH�FUXQWD�VL�QHPLORDVD��&X�HL��PHUJH� VL� OXSXVRUXO��)LLQG�IRDUWH� WkQDU�VLQHH[SHULPHQWDW��HO�VH�WLQH�DSURDSH�GH�FDSXO�KDLWHL�VL�XUPDUHVWH�WRWXO�FX�PDUH�DWHQWLH�9kQHD]D�HL�FX�FUX]LPH�OD�R�VWkQD��YkQHD]D�FHUEL��FDSULRDUH��VXFFHV�WRWDO��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�XQ�FHUFHWDV�YLQH�vQ�JRDQD�PDUH�DELD�PDL�UHVSLUkQG�VL�DELD�UHXVHVWH�VD�VXIOH��)XJLWL�FD�YLQH�LHSXUDVXO�3H�ORF�WRWL�OXSLL�GLVSHUDWL�R�WXOHVF�OD�IXJD�FX�RFKLL�LHVLWL�GLQ�FDS�GH�JURD]D��VH�DVFXQG��VH�FDPXIOHD]D�UDSLG�FDUH�SH�XQGH�SRW�VLQX�PDL� VFRDWH�QLPHQL�QLFL� XQ� VXQHW�GH� IULFD��7UHFH� LHSXUDVXO�� vQFHS� WRWL� VD� LDVD��/XSXVRUXO� vO� vQWUHDED�QHGXPHULW� SH�FDSXOKDLWHL��0D�VFX]DWL��GRPQXOH��GDU�GH�FH�QRL��FHD�PDL�WDUH�KDLWD�GH�OXSL�GLQ�SDGXUH�IXJLP�GH�XQ�DQLPDO�PLF�VL�SULFDMLW�FD�LHSXUDVXO�FDUH�H�DVD�GH�DPDUkW�FD�GDFD�YUHDX�XLWH��SRDWH�VD�PL�VXJD�VL�S D��'D��ED��]LFH�FDSXO�KDLWHL��GD�WX�VWLL�FH�EX]H�UHFL�DUH�"���6H�GXFH�VL�LHSXUDVX�OD�ERUGHO��3DWURDQD�HUD�XUVRDLFD��6H�GXFH�LHSXUDVXO�OD�HD�VL�R�vQWUHDED��%DL��YUHDX�VL�HX�R��IHPHLH���3DL�DYHP�R�YXOSLWD����1X�R�YUHDX�SH�YXOSLWD�FD�vPL�H�IULFD�GH�HD��

Page 21: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�$WXQFL�DYHP�R�JkVFD���EXQD����%LQH��KDL�ILH�ÌL� GD�EDQLL� LHSXUDVX�� VH� GXFH� FX�JkVFD�GXSD�XQ� WXILV� VL� vQFHSH� VD� ]ERDUH�GH� DFROR�QXPDL� SHQH��8UVRDLFD� FkQG� YHGH�� IXJHUHSHGH�VD�YDGD�FH�VH�vQWkPSOD�VL�vO�YHGH�SH�LHSXUDV�FXP�vL�VPXOJHD�SHQHOH�OD�JkVFD��3DL�ELQH�PD��WX�FH�IDFL�DLFL�"�vO�vQWUHED�XUVRDLFD�PLUDWD��3DL�GD�FH��OD�FkWL�EDQL�DP�GDW�YUHDX�VD�R�YDG�VL�GH]EUDFDWD����ÌQWU�R� ]L� IUXPRDVD� GH� YDUD�� XUVXO� VL� LHSXUDVXO� VH� SOLPEDX� SULQ� SDGXUH�� 0HUJ� HL� FH� PHUJ� VL� VH� vQWkOQHVF� FX� XQ� SLWLF�9D]kQGX�L��SLWLFXO�OH�]LFH��%XQD�IUXPRVLORU��XLWDWL��D]L�DP�DYXW�R�]L�EXQD��VL�YRL�VXQWHWL�QRURFRVL�FDFL�YD�vQGHSOLQHVF�OD�ILHFDUH�FkWH�WUHL�GRULQWH��8UVXOH�WX�HVWL�SULPXO��$K��HX�vPL�GRUHVF�R�XUVRDLFD�WDUH��FHD�PDL�EXQD�GLQ�WRDWD�SDGXUHD���3LWLFXO�EDWH�GLQ�SDOPH��DSDUH�R�XUVRDLFD�EEEXXXQQQDDD��XUVXO�VDUH�FX�HD�vQ�WXILV��IDFH��VWLWL�YRL�FH��GH�VH�FXWUHPXUD�WXILVXO��+DL��LHSXUDVXOH�WX�XUPH]L��(X�LPL�GRUHVF�VD�DP�XQ�FHUFHO�IDLQ�vQ�XUHFKH��VL�R�JHDFD�GH�SLHOH�FD�OXPHD��*DWD��LHSXUDVXOH�V�D�IDFXW��]LVH�SLWLFXO��+DL�XUVXOH��WX�XUPH]L��D�GRXD�GRULQWD��(X�vPL�PDL�GRUHVF�R�XUVRDLFD��DVD�FD�SULPD��FD�WDUH�EEXXQQDD�D�IRVW���3LWLFXO�EDWH�GLQ�SDOPH��*DWD�XUVXOH��XLWH�R�8UVXO�R�YHGH��]GXS�FX�HD�vQ�WXILV��LDU�VH�FXWUHPXUD�WXILVXO����,HSXUDVXOH��FDUH�WL�L�D�GRXD�GRULQWD"�(X�YUHDX�R��+DUOH\�'DYLGVRQ��XOWLPXO�WLS��VD�PD�SOLPE�FX�HD�SULQ�SDGXUH�3LWLFXO� EDWH� GLQ� SDOPH�� LHSXUDVXO� VH� VXLH� SH�PRWRFLFOHWD�� GD� FkWHYD� WXUH� SULQ� SDGXUH�� EEUUUXPP�EUUXP�� EEEUUXPP� ���� (UDIHULFLW��QX�DOWD�����+DL��XUVXOH��FDUH�WL�L�D�WUHLD�GRULQWD"�$K��HX�OH�YUHDX�SH�WRDWH�XUVRDLFHOH�GLQ�SDGXUHD�DVWD�3LWLFXO�EDWH�GLQ�SDOPH��XUVXO�VDUH�FX�WRDWH�XUVRDLFHOH�vQ�WXILV��XXXDDDXXX��VH�FXWUHPXUD�SDGXUHD��+DL��LHSXUDVXOH��FDUH�WL�L�XOWLPD�GRULQWD"�=L�PDL�UHSHGH�FD�PD�JUDEHVF���(X��SDL����HX����DV�YUHD�FD�XUVXO�VD�ILH�KRPR�6L�DSRL�vQFDOHFD�UHSHGH�SH�+DUOH\�VL�R�WDLH������,HSXUDVXO�IXJHD�FD�DSXFDW�SULQ�SDGXUH��ÌO�RSUHVWH�DOWX�VL�O�vQWUHDED�FH�O�D�DSXFDW"�3DL�QX�VWLL�"�9LQ�DLD�FX�UHRUJDQL]DUHD�VWLLQWLILFD�D�SDGXULL��6L�FH�DX�FX�DQLPDOHOHOH"�3DL�VXQWHP�VL�QRL�vQ�SDGXUH��'DFD�WH�JDVHVF�FX�WUHL�XUHFKL��vWL�WDLH�XQD��3DL�QRL�DYHP�QXPDL�GRXD��'D��GDU�HL�vQWkL�WDLH�VL�GXSD�DLD�QXPDUD����,HSXUDVXO�VWDWHD�SH�XQ�EXWXF�VL�VFULD�GH�]RU�FHYD��7UHFH�YXOSHD�SULQ�]RQD�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�VFULL�DFROR��LHSXUDVXOH"�2�OXFUDUH�VWLLQWLILFD�GHVSUH�FXP�LHSXUDVLL�PDQkQFD�YXOSL��&HHHH"/D�FDUH�LHSXUDVXO�LPSDVLELO��9LQR�VD�WL�DUDW�����������������������������������������������9LQH�OXSXO�SH�OkQJD�EXWXFXO�LHSXUDVXOXL��&H�VFULL�DFROR��LHSXUDVXOH"�2�OXFUDUH�VWLLQWLILFD�GHVSUH�FXP�LHSXUDVLL�PDQkQFD�OXSL��&HHHH��DL�vQHEXQLW"/D�FDUH�LHSXUDVXO�LPSDVLELO��9LQR�VD�WL�DUDW������������������������������������������������7UHFH�SULQ�DSURSLHUH�XUVXO��&H�VFULL�DFROR��LHSXUDVXOH"�2�OXFUDUH�VWLLQWLILFD�GHVSUH�FXP�LHSXUDVLL�PDQkQFD�XUVL��&HHHH��QX�OH�PDL�DL�SH�WRDWH"/D�FDUH�LHSXUDVXO�LPSDVLELO��9LQR�VD�WL�DUDW�������������������������������������������������/D�GRXD�VXWH�GH�PHWULL�PDL�GHSDUWH�R�SHVWHUD�vQ�FDUH�]DF�FLRODQH�GH�YXOSH�VL�OXS��/kQJD��OHXO�URDGH�R�ODED�SURDVSDWD�GH�XUV�0RUDOD���1X�WHPD�OXFUDULL�WDOH�VWLLQWLILFH�H�LPSRUWDQWD�FL�FLQH�H�vQGUXPDWRUXO�WDX�GH�SURLHFW�������9DULDQWD�

Page 22: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

ÌQ�SDGXUH��XQ� LHSXUDV�VWDWHD��WXUFHVWH�� OkQJD� LQWUDUHD� vQ�YL]XLQD� VL� vVL� IDFHD�GH� OXFUX� FX� ODSWRS�XO��9LQH�YXOSHD�� vO�SULYHVWHPLUDWD�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�IDFL�LHSXUDV"�&H�VD�IDF�VL�HX�����ÌPL�VFULX�WH]D�GH�GLSORPD��=DX"��6L�GHVSUH�FH�VFULL�WX�OD�WH]D�WD�GH�GLSORPD"�3DL�VFULX�GHVSUH�FXP�PDQkQFD�LHSXULL�YXOSL��+D��KD��KD��FH�WkPSHQLH����&LQH�R�VD�FUHDGD�DVD�FHYD"�'DFD�QX�PD�FUH]L��KDL�FX�PLQH�vQ�YL]XLQD�'XSD�QXPDL�FkWHYD�PLQXWH��LHVH�LHSXUDVXO�GLQ�YL]XLQD�VL�VH�DVHD]D�GLQ�QRX��GH�SDUFD�QX�V�D�vQWkPSODW�QLPLF���0DL�WUHFH�FHYDYUHPH��YLQH�OXSXO��&H�IDFL�LHSXUDV"�&H�VD�IDF�VL�HX�����ÌPL�VFULX�WH]D�GH�GLSORPD��=DX"��6L�GHVSUH�FH�VFULL�WX�OD�WH]D�WD�GH�GLSORPD"�3DL�VFULX�GHVSUH�FXP�PDQkQFD�LHSXULL�OXSL��+D��KD��KD��FH�WkPSHQLH����&LQH�R�VD�FUHDGD�DVD�FHYD"�'DFD�QX�PD�FUH]L��KDL�FX�PLQH�vQ�YL]XLQD�'XSD�QXPDL�FkWHYD�PLQXWH��LHVH�LHSXUDVXO�GLQ�YL]XLQD�VL�VH�DVHD]D�GLQ�QRX��GH�SDUFD�QX�V�D�vQWkPSODW�QLPLF���0DL�WUHFH�FHYDYUHPH��YLQH�XUVXO��&H�IDFL�LHSXUDV"�&H�VD�IDF�VL�HX�����ÌPL�VFULX�WH]D�GH�GLSORPD��=DX"��6L�GHVSUH�FH�VFULL�WX�OD�WH]D�WD�GH�GLSORPD"�3DL�VFULX�GHVSUH�FXP�PDQkQFD�LHSXULL�XUVL��+D��KD��KD��FH�WkPSHQLH����&LQH�R�VD�FUHDGD�DVD�FHYD"�'DFD�QX�PD�FUH]L��KDL�FX�PLQH�vQ�YL]XLQD�'XSD�QXPDL�FkWHYD�PLQXWH��LHVH�LHSXUDVXO�GLQ�YL]XLQD�VL�VH�DVHD]D�GLQ�QRX��GH�SDUFD�QX�V�D�vQWkPSODW�QLPLF���'DFD�DUXQFDPR�SULYLUH�SULQ�YL]XLQD��SXWHP�YHGHD�XQ�SHWLF�GH�EODQD�GH�YXOSH��FkWHYD�FRDVWH�GH�OXS��SUHFXP�VL�R�FLRVYDUWD�GH�XUV��$ODWXUL��XQOHX�FX�EXUWD�SOLQD��GRDUPH�0RUDOD��1X�FRQWHD]D�WHPD�SH�FDUH�R�DL�OD�GLSORPD��FRQWHD]D�QXPDL�SH�FLQH�DL�FD�vQGUXPDWRU�����,HSXUDVXO� VL� SUHLHWHQXO� VDX� PDJDUXO� LHV� OD� SOLPEDUH� vQ� SDGXUH�� 7RW� SOLPEkQGX�VH� HL� DVD� LHSXUDVXO� FDGH� vQWU�R� JURDSDDGkQFD�FX�SHUHWLL�DEUXSWL�$IODW�OD�QHYRLH�HO�HVWH�DMXWDW�GH�PDJDU�FDUH�vVL�DUXQFD�GUkPED��YHVWLWD�SHQWUX�OXQJLPHD�HL��vQ�JURDSD��LHSXUDVXO�VH�SULQGH�GHHD�VL�DVWIHO�H�VDOYDW�3HVWH�FkWHYD�]LOH�LDUDVL�VH�SOLPED�FHL�GRL�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�GH�GDWD�DFHDVWD�FDGH�PDJDUXO�vQWU�R�JURDSD�,HSXUDVXO�FH�VD�IDFD"�&XP�VD�vVL�DMXWH�SULHWHQXO"6H�XLWD�OD�VOLWXO�SDQWDORQLORU�VDL��GD�GLQ�FDS�D�SDJXED�VL�DSRL�vL�YLQH�LGHHD��6FRDWH�FHOXODUXO�VL�VXQD�GXSD�DMXWRDUH�$VWIHO�D�UHXVLW�VL�HO�VD�vVL�VDOYH]H�SULHWHQXO�0RUDOD��'DFD�Q�DL�S D�FXPSDUD�WL�FHOXODU������,HSXUDVXO�VFDSD�GLQ�ODERUDWRU�VL�IXJH�SH�FkPS��$LFL�vQWkOQHVWH�QLVWH�LHSXUDVL�VDOEDWHFL�VL�LQWUD�vQ�YRUED�FX�HL��6XQWHWL�LHSXUDVL�VDOEDWHFL"�'D�"�7RFPDL�DP�HYDGDW�GLQ�ODERUDWRU�VL�QX�PD�SUHD�VWLX�SH�DLFL��&H�IDFHWL�YRL�LHSXUDVLL�VDOEDWHFL��DVD�GH�RELFHL"�9H]L�FkPSXO�FHOD�vQ�GUHDSWD"�'D��(�SOLQ�GH�ODSWXFL�VL�QRL�PkQFDP�ODSWXFL�FX�SODFHUH�6H�GXFH�LHSXUDVXO�VL�PDQkQFD�VL�HO�ODSWXFL��6H�vQWRDUFH�DSRL�OD�SULHWHQXO�OXL��([FHOHQWH�ODSWXFLOH��6L�FH�PDL�IDFHWL�YRL��LHSXULL�VDOEDWHFL��GH�RELFHL"�9H]L�FkPSXO�GLQ�VWkQJD"�(�SOLQ�GH�PRUFRYL�VL�QRL�vL�PkQFDP�0DQkQFD�LHSXUXO�QRVWUX�VL�PRUFRYL�VL�LDU�YLQH�OD�LHSXUDVXO�VDOEDWHF��([FHOHQWL�VL�PRUFRYLL��6L�FH�PDL�IDFHWL�YRL"�9H]L�LHSXURDLFHOH�DOHD�GLQ�SRLDQD"�/H�IX HP�GH�OL�VH�]EXUOHVWH�EODQLWD�6H�GXFH�LHSXUDVXO�VL�IDFH�VL�HO�WUHDED�VL�VH�vQWRDUFH��0LQXQDW��]LFH�HO��GDU�DFXP�WUHEXLH�VD�PD�vQWRUF�vQ�ODERUDWRU��'H�FH"�vQWUHDED�LHSXUDVXO�VDOEDWHF��3HQWUX�FD�PRU�VD�IXPH]�R�WLJDUH������9XOSRLXO�LHSXUDVXO�VL�XUVXO�PHUJ�OD�vQFRUSRUDUH��%LQHvQWHOHV�QX�YUHD�QLFL�FDUH�VD�PHDUJD�OD�DUPDWD�DVD�FD�UHFXUJ�OD�WULFXUL�9XOSRLXO�WUHEXLH�VD�LQWUH�SULPXO�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH�FH�VH�JkQGHVWH�VL�vL�YLQH�LGHHD��'DFD�vWL�WDL�FRDGD�QX�WH�YRU�OXD�FDFL�XQ�YXOSRL�IDUD�FRDGD�VWXIRDVD�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�PHDUJD�OD�DUPDWD�=LV�VL�IDFXW�����,HVH�YXOSRLXO�GH�OD�FRQWURO�VL�FHLODOWL�GRL�vO�vQWUHDED��(L�VL"

Page 23: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�,QDSW��IDUD�FRDGD�QHLQFRUSRUDELO����,HSXUDVXO�OD�UkQG��6H�JkQGHVWH�HO��/D�PLQH� FKHVWLD� FX� FRDGD� QX�PHUJH�� LD� XLWH� FH� FRDGD�PRFD� DP�� GDU� XUHFKLOH�� 8Q� LHSXUDV� IDUD� XUHFKL� QX� WUHEXLH� VD� IDFDDUPDWD�=LV�VL�IDFXW�����,HVH�DIDUD��(L�VL"�5HVSLQV��IDUD�XUHFKL�QX�SRW�GRUPL�LHSXUHVWH����9LQH�XUVXO�OD�UkQG��/D�PLQH�FKHVWLD�FX�FRDGD�QX�WLQH��/D�IHO�VL�FKHVWLD�FX�XUHFKLOH�GDU�GDFD�vPL�VFRW�GLQWLL�SUHFLV�QX�PD�LDX�OD�DUPDWD��=LV�VL�IDFXW����,HVH�DIDUD�VL�SULHWHQLL�vO�vQWUHDED��1D�FH�DL�IDFXW"/D�FDUH�XUVXO�VXLHUkQG��5HVVVVVVSLQVVVV"�6VVVXQW�SUHD�JUDVVVV�������,HSXUDVXO�PHUJH�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�]kQD�FHD�EXQD�FDUHLD�vL�SODFH�DWkWD�EODQLWD�OXL�FD�YUHD�VD�vL�vQGHSOLQHDVFDGRXD�GRULQWH��,HSXUDV��GXOFH��DL�GRXD�GRULQWH�SH�FDUH�HX��=kQD�FHD�%XQD��WL�OH�YRL�vQGHSOLQL�/D�FDUH�LHSXUDVXO�IDUD�VD�VH�JkQGHDVFD�SUHD�PXOW�]LFH��9H]L�SRPXO�GH�DFROR"�ÌQILJH�XQ�SLURQ�vQ�HO��GDU�DVD�GH�WDUH�VD�QX�O�SRDWD�VFRDWH�QLPHQL�GLQ�OXPH��'DU�QLPHQL�GLQ�OXPH��6�D�IDFXW��]LFH�]kQD��0DL�GHSDUWH��$FXPD�VFRDWH�SLURQXO�DIDUD������8Q�LHSXUDV�PHUJH�OD�IDUPDFLH�VL�R�vQWUHDED�SH�YkQ]DWRDUH��7DQWL��DYHWL�SUH]HUYDWLYH�SHQWUX�LHSXUDVL"�1�DYHP�PDL�LHSXUDVXOH��DYHP�QXPDL�SHQWUX�HOHIDQWL�$�GRXD�]L��LHSXUDVXO�VXSDUDW��7DQWL�DYHWL�SUH]HUYDWLYH�SHQWUX�LHSXUDVL"�1�DYHP�PDL�LHSXUDVXOH��DYHP�QXPDL�SHQWUX�HOHIDQWL�$�WUHLD�]L��LHSXUDVXO�VXSDUDW�IRF�GH�DWkWD�DEVWLQHQWD��PHUJH�VLvQWUHDED��7DQWL��DYHWL�SUH]HUYDWLYH�SHQWUX�LHSXUDVL"�0DL�LHSXUDVXOH��WL�DP�VSXV�FD�DYHP�QXPDL�SHQWUX�HOHIDQWL�,HSXUDVXO�VXSDUDW��$WXQFL��GDWL�PL�GRXD��FD�R�VD�YDG�HX�FXP�OH�vQQRG����9XOSHD�SULQ�SDGXUH����/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��GLQWU�XQ�WXILV�VH�DXGH��&XFXULJXXXXXXX����&XFXULJXXXXXXX�������$WHQWD��vQFHDUFD�VD�ORFDOL]H]H�WXILVXO���VL�GLQ�QRX��&XFXULJXXXXXXX����&XFXULJXXXXXXX������6H�DSURSLH�GH�WXILV��&XFXULJXXXXXXX����&XFXULJXXXXXXX������6DUH�HD�vQ�WXILV�VL�SUHW�GH�YUHXQ�VIHUW�GH�RUD�VH�DXG�WRW�IHOXO�GH�]JRPRWH�FLXGDWH�ULWPLFH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��GLQ�WXILV�DSDUHLHSXUDVXO�WUDJkQGX�VL�SDQWDORQLL��0DL��FH�ELQH�H�VD�VWLL�R�OLPED�VWUDLQD������ÌQ�WLPSXO�XQHL�YkQDWRUL�FX�JRQDFL�LHSXUDVX�VH�VDOYHD]D�vQWU�XQ�KDQ�OD�PDUJLQHD�SDGXULL��+DQJLXO�vO�vQWUHDED��,HSXUDVXOH�FX�FH�WH�SRW�VHUYL"�0RUFRYL�SRDWH"�1X�vQ�QLFL�XQ�FD]�����9DU]D"�1X�����6L�FH�DL�GRUL�DWXQFL"�8Q�VQLWHO�YkQDWRUHVF������,HSXUDVX� VWDWHD� OD� FRDGD� OD� SDOLQFD� VL� YLQH� /XSX� vQWU�R� 6FRGD� )HOLFLD� VL� FRPDQGD� GLUHFW� vQ� IDWD� R� ODGD� GH� SDOLQFD�9kQ]DWRDUHD�LPHGLDW�vL�DGXFH�ODGD�FX�SDOLQFD��/XSXO�VH�XLWD�DPHQLQWDWRU�OD�LHSXUDV�VL�VWULJD��$L�FHYD�GH�FRPHQWDW"1H�SULPLQG�QLFL�XQ�UDVSXQV�VH�XUFD�vQ�PDVLQD�VL�GHPDUHD]D�SXWHUQLF�vQYDOXLQGX�O�SH�LHSXUDV�vQ�SUDI��,HSXUDVX�DMXQJH�DFDVD�FXSDOLQFD��VH�SXQH�OD�PDVD��WUDJH�R�GXVFD��VH�ULGLFD����1X��QX�SRW�0DL�WUDJH�R�GXVFD��VH�ULGLFD��1X��QX�vQFD�QX�SRW�'D�SH�JkW�WRDWD�VWLFOD�VL�VH�ULGLFD�vQ�SLFLRDUH�PDL�KRWDUkW�FD�QLFLRGDWD�VL�VSXQH��'D�DP�FHYD�GH�FRP��GH�FRPHQWDW�

Page 24: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���&LFD�OHXOXL�L�V�D�IDFXW�OHQH�VD�WRW�YkQH]H�VL�SRUXQFHVWH�WXWXURU�DQLPDOHORU�VD�L�DGXFD�FHYD�GH�PkQFDUH�]LOQLF��&LQH�QX�VHVXSXQH�VDX�QX�DGXFH�FHYD�SH�SODFXO� OHXOXL�YD� IL�EDWXW�FX�RUJDQXO� OHXOXL�SH� VSDWH��$�GRXD�]L��YLQH�XUVXO� FX�XQ�SRUF��/HXOVDWLVIDFXW�vO�ODXGD��9LQH�VL�YXOSHD�FX�R�JDLQD��OHXO�ILLQG�VDWLVIDFXW�VL�GH�GDWD�DVWD��,HSXUDVXO��QHDYkQG�FXP�VD�YkQH]H��vL�DGXFHXQ�PRUFRY��/HXO��VXSDUDW��vO�EDWH�SH�VSDWH�FX�RUJDQXO�VDX�YLJXURV��7X�QX�VWLL�FD�QX�PDQkQF�GHFDW�FDUQH"3OHDFD�LHSXUDVXO�VXSDUDW��GDU�GXSD�FkWLYD�SDVL�VH�RSUHVWH�VL�vQFHSH�VD�UkGD�VD�VH�FDFH�SH�HO��%LQH�ED�LHSXUDVXOH��HX�WH�EDW�FX�VFXOD�SH�VSDWH�VL�WX�Uk]L",HSXUDVXO�UkGHD�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�GH�VH�WLQHD�FX�PkLQLOH�GH�EXUWD�VL�SULQWUH�KRKRWH�vL�]LFH�OHXOXL��,D�XLWH�FD�YLQH�VL�DULFLXO�FX�GRXD�PHUH�%DQFXUL�FX�VRULFHOXO�VL�HOHIDQWXO��6RDUHFHOH�YURLD�VD�WUHDFD�JUDQLWD�LOHJDO��6H�GXFH�OD�HOHIDQW��(OHIDQWH��YUHDX�VD�WUHF�JUDQLWD��QX�PDL�VXSRUW�UHJLPXO��PD�EDWH�VHFXULWDWHD��YUHDX�R�YLDWD�PDL�EXQD��QX�PDL�YUHDX�VD�VWDX�FX���JUDGH�Q�FDVD�VL�VD�P�DVFXOWH�5RP7HOHFRPX����7X�HVWL�PDUH��DVFXQGH�PD�VL�SH�PLQH�XQGHYD�VD�WUHF�VL�HX�(OHIDQWXO�VH�JkQGHVWH�XQ�SLF�VL�O�EDJD�vQ�EX]XQDUXO�GH�OD�SLHSW��$MXQJ�HL�OD�JUDQLWD��$FROR�YLQ�JUDQLFHULL��vO�LDX�SH�HOHIDQW�ODFRQWURO��FRQWUROHD]D�FX�GHWHFWRUXO�GH�PHWDOH��WRWXO�H�RN��vL�SXULFD�YDOL]D�VL�DLD�H�RN��vO�LD�VD�O�SLSDLH�SH�FRUS��WDF�WDF�WDF��DMXQJOD�EX]XQDUXO�GH�OD�SLHSW��&H�DL�DLFL�"/D�FDUH�HOHIDQWXO��EDWDQG�R�SDOPD�]GUDYDQD�SH�EX]XQDU��3R]D�XQXL�SULHWHQ���Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�HOHIDQW�GH����DQL�VL�XQ�VRDUHFH�GH���OXQL"5����DQL�VL���OXQL���6RULFHOXO�VL�HOHIDQWXOD�OD�PDUH��FD]DWL�OD�DFHHDVL�JD]GD��ÌQWU�R�GLPLQHDWD�VRULFHOXO�LHVH�vQ�IDWD�FDVHL�VL�VWULJD�FDWUH�SODMD��(OHIDQWXOH��(OHIDQWXOH�(OHIDQWXO�LHVH�GLQ�DSD��GDU�QX�DSXFD�VD�LDVD�GH�WRW�FD�VRULFHOXO�LQWHUYLQH�GLQ�QRX��%LQH��GXWH�Q�DSD��FUHGHDP�FD�PL�DL�OXDW�VOLSXO���8Q�HOHIDQW�WUHFHD�SHVWH�R�SXQWH�GH�EkUQH��6RULFHOXO�FDUH�VWDWHD�SH�XUHFKHD�OXL�vL�]LFH��$X]L�FH�WDUH�WURSDLP���1LVWH�VRULFHL�vQ�GHVHUW�WDLDX�SHWURO�FX�EHFXOHWXO�URVX�VL�YLQH�PDPD�ORU�HOHIDQWXO�VL�vL�vQWUHED��,D�SOHFDWL�GH�DLFL���8Q�VRULFHO�VL�XQ�HOHIDQW�VWDWHDX�DPkQGRL�SH�R�SLDWUD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VH�XLWD�VRULFHOXO�DWHQW�OD�HOHIDQW��vO�PDVRDUD�GLQ�FDSSkQD�vQ�SLFLRDUH��VL�DSRL�VSXQH�GHVWXO�GH�PLUDW���%DL�HOHIDQWXOH��GDU�PDUH�PDL�HVWL����(OHIDQWXO�IkVWkFLQGX�VH�]LFH���&H�YUHL�ED��QX�H�YLQD�PHD�FD�DP�FUHVFXW�DWLWD��$VD�H�UDVD�PHD��FH�VD�L�IDFL�'XSD�FHYD�WLPS��HOHIDQWXO�DUH�R�UHYHODWLH�VL�VH�XLWD�VL�HO�OD�VRULFHO��PDVXUkQGX�O�vQ�WRDWH�GLUHFWLLOH��VL�]LFH���%D��GD�VL�WX��FKLDU�FD�HVWL�SUHD�PLF�/D�FDUH�VRULFHOXO�GHVWXO�GH�vQFXUFDW�]LFH���&H�YUHL�ED��GD�DP�IRVW�VL�EROQDY���9DULDQWD�&LFD�VRULFHOXO�VWDWHD�OkQJD�SLFLRUXO�HOHIDQWXOXL��(OHIDQWXO�VH�XLWD�vQ�MRV�OD�HO�VL�VSXQH��0DL��GDU�PLFD�YLHWDWH�PDL�HVWL��PDL�VRULFHOXOH�/D�FDUH�VRULFHOXO��VILRV��'D��GDU�YH]L�WX�FD�HX�DP�PDL�IRVW�VL�EROQDY�����(OHIDQWXO�VL�VRULFHOXO�MXFDX�vPSUHXQD�IRWEDO��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�HOHIDQWXO��GLQ�JUHVHDOD�� vO�FDOFD�SH�VRULFHO�DIXQGkQGX�O�vQSDPkQW��ÌO�VFRDWH�DSRL�FX�PDUH�JULMD�VL�vO�VFXWXUD�GH�LDUED�VL�GH�SDPkQW�]LFkQGX�L��7H�URJ�IUXPRV�VD�PD�LHUWL��D�IRVW�R�QHDWHQWLH��VD�VWLL�FD�QX�VH�YD�PDL�vQWkPSOD����1X�L�QLPLFD��]LVH�VRULFHOXO��VH�SXWHD�vQWkPSOD�VL�LQYHUV�����9DULDQWD�6RULFHOXO�VL�HOHIDQWX�PHUJHDX�SULQ�GHVHUW��VL�HOHIDQWXO�vO�FDOFD�SH�VRULFHO��GLQ�JUHVHDOD��DGkQFLQGX�O�vQ�QLVLS��=LFH�HOHIDQWXO��6RUU\�'DU�VRULFHOXO�

Page 25: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�1X�L�QLPLF��VL�PHL�PL�VH�SXWHD�vQWkPSOD���6RULFHOXO�VL�HOHIDQWXO�DMXQJ�OD�PDOXO�XQXL�UkX�VL�YRU�VD�WUHDFD�SRGXO�(OHIDQWXO�H]LWD��QHDYkQG�vQFUHGHUH�vQ�VWDELOLWDWHD�SRGXOXL��/D�FDUH�VRULFHOXO�FXUDMRV�vQFHSH�VD�VDUD�SH�SRG��8LWH�EDL�ODVXOH��QX�YH]L�FD�WLQH"����6RULFHOXO�VL�HOHIDQWXO�YUHDX�VD�PHDUJD�OD�GLVFR��(OHIDQWXO�H�QHFDMLW�WDUH��6RULFHOXO�vO�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�HVWL�QHFDMLW�PDL"�3DL�XLWH�QX�DP�FH�VD�vPEUDF����6RULFHOXO��SULHWHQ�DGHYDUDW��vL�VSXQH��1X�L�QLPLF�vWL�vPSUXPXW�HX�FHYD������ÌQWU�R�]L�VRDUHFHOH�VH�FHDUWD�FX�HOHIDQWXO��0RWLYXO�HOHIDQWXO�FDOFDVH�QHYDVWD�VRDUHFHOXL�VL�R�]GURELVH��6RDUHFHOH�SURPLWH�FDR�VD�vL�YLROH]H�QHYDVWD�HOHIDQWXOXL�OD�FDUH�HOHIDQWXO�UkGH��ÌQWU�R�]L�HOHIDQWLFD�GXFkQGXVH�OD�IOXYLX�LQWURGXVHVH�WURPSD�vQ�DSD�VDEHD�6RDUHFHOH�SURILWkQG�GH�RFD]LH�VDUH�SH�HD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�L�GHD�OD�FLRFDQH��ÌQ�DFHODVL�WLPS�XQ�FURFRGLO�R�PXVFD�GH�WURPSD�VLHD�vQFHSH�VD�XUOH��/$�&$5(�625(&(/(�=,&(��$6$�&859$�'5$&8/8,��=%,$5$�%DQFXUL�FX�VL�GHVSUH�EHUH%HUHD�1RDVWUD%HUHD�QRDVWUD�FHD�GH�WRDWH�]LOHOH�&DUH�WH�DIOLL�vQ�KDOEH6ILQWHDVFD�VH�QXPHOH�WDX�9LH�PLUHDVPD�WD�3UHFXP�vQ�FUkVPD�DVD�VL�DFDVD6HWHD�QRDVWUD�FHD�GH�WRDWH�]LOHOH3RWROHVWH�QH�R�DVWD]L6L�LDUWD�L�SH�FHL�FDUH�QH�VXQW�vQGDWRUDWL6L�QX�QH�GX�vQ�FRIHWDULL&L�GD�QH�SXWHUHD�GH�D�EHD�PDL�GHSDUWH&DFL�D�WD�HVWH�VSXPD0DKPXUHDOD�VL�VHWHDÌQ�QXPHOH�PDOWXOXL�$O�KDPHLXOXL��EXWRDLHORU�6L�D�KDOEHORU�%(5('H�FH�R�EHUH�HVWH�PDL�EXQD�GHFkW�,VXV���1LPHQL�QX�WH�YD�XFLGH�SHQWUX�FD�QX�EHL�EHUH������%HUHD�QX�vWL�GD�LQGLFDWLL�FXP�VL�FX�FLQH�VD�IDFL�VH[����'LQ�FDX]D�EHULL�QX�D�DYXW�ORF�QLFL�XQ�UD]ERL����&X�EHUH�QX�VXQW�IRUWDWL�PLQRULL�FDUH�vQFD�QX�SRW�JkQGL�LQGHSHQGHQW����'DFD�DL�R�EHUH�QX�EDWL�OD�XVD�DOWRU�RDPHQL�vQFHUFkQG�VD�OH�R�GDL�VL�ORU����1LPHQL�QX�D�IRVW�DUV�SH�UXJ��VSkQ]XUDW�VDX�WRUWXUDW�VXE�VHPQXO�EHULL����1X�WUHEXLH�VD�DVWHSWL������GH�DQL�SHQWUX�R�D�GRXD�EHUH����([LVWD�OHJL�FDUH�vWL�VSXQ�FD�HWLFKHWHOH�GH�EHUH�QX�PLQW����6H�SRDWH�GHPRQVWUD�FD�R�EHUH�H[LVWD�FX�DGHYDUDW����'DFD�vWL�GHGLFL�YLDWD�EHULL�H[LVWD�JUXSXUL�GH�RDPHQL�FDUH�VD�WH�DMXWH�VD�UHQXQWL�OD�HD����/D�R�EHUH�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�WH�URJL����ÌQWU�R�EHUDULH�PHUJL�'XPLQLFD�FX�SODFHUH����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�FHUH�VD�SRVWHVWL����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�YD�VSXQH�VD�PDQkQFL�SHVWH�9LQHUHD����$ODWXUL�GH�R�EHUH�SRWL�PkQFD�vQ�RULFH�]L�GLQ�VDSWDPkQD�FDUQH����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�LQWHU]LFH�VD�PLQWL����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�LQWHU]LFH�VD�IXUL�

Page 26: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���2�EHUH�QX�vWL�LQWHU]LFH�VD�SUHDFXUYHVWL����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�LQWHU]LFH�VD�WH�FXOFL�FX�QHYDVWD�DOWXLD����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�LQWHU]LFH�VD�XFL]L����2�EHUH�QX�WH�vQGHDPQD�VD�GXVPDQHVWL�SH�FHL�FH�EHDX�DOWH�EDXWXUL�DOFRROLFH����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�SURPLWH�UDLXO�GDFD�R�EHL����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�SURPLWH�YLDWD�GXSD�PRDUWH�FL�vWL�vQIUXPXVHWHD]D�YLDWD����'DFD�SULPHVWL�R�SDOPD��EHUHD�QX�WH�YD�vQGHPQD�VD�vQWLQ]L�VL�FHODODOW�REUD]�'H�FH�R�EHUH�H�PDL�EXQD�GHFkW�R�IHPHLH��2�EHUH�QX�YD�IDFH�QLFLRGDWD�DFFLGHQW�FX�PDVLQD���2�EHUH�QX�VH�YD�SOkQJH�QLFLRGDWD�FD�R�VWUkQJH�FHQWXUD�GH�VLJXUDQWD���2�EHUH�QX�DU�FXPSDUD�QLFLRGDWD�XQ�DXWRPRELO�DXWRPDWLF���2�EHUH�WH�DVWHDSWD�UDEGDWRDUH�vQ�PDVLQD���2�EHUH�QX�vVL�IDFH�JULML�GH�IHOXO�FXP�VRIH]L���2�EHUH�QX�DU�XPSOH�WDQFXO�FX�EHQ]LQD�SURDVWD�QXPDL�SHQWUX�D�HFRQRPLVL�FkWL�YD�OHL���2�EHUH�QX�IXPHD]D�vQ�PDVLQD���2�EHUH�H�WRW�WLPSXO�XPHGD���2�EHUH�R�SRWL�vPSDUWL�FX�SULHWHQLL����2�EHUH�QX�WH�HQHUYHD]D����2�EHUH�QX�DUH�QLFLRGDWD�SLFLRDUHOH�VDX�PkLQLOH�UHFL����(WLFKHWHOH�GH�EHUH�QX�LHV�GLQ�PRGD�QLFL�PDFDU�RGDWD�vQ�DQ����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�YD�UHFRPDQGD�QLFLRGDWD�VD�QX�PDQkQFL�FDUQH����2�EHUH�QX�DUH�QLFLRGDWD�GXUHUL�GH�FDS����3RWL�IL�vQWRWGHDXQD�VLJXU�FD�HVWL�SULPXO�FDUH�EHD�GLQWU�R�EHUH����2�EHUH�QX�DVWHDSWD�QLFLRGDWD�VD�vL�IDFL�FRPSOLPHQWH����'DFD�VFKLPEL�VRUWXO�GH�EHUH�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�SODWHVWL�SHQVLH�DOLPHQWDUD����3HWHOH�GH�EHUH�VH�SRW�VSDOD����2�EHUH�QX�YD�GLVSDUHD�QLFLRGDWD�FX�EDQLL�WDL����2�EHUH�QX�FHUH�GUHSWDWH����'DFD�DL�WHUPLQDW�R�EHUH�QX�WUHEXLH�GHFkW�VD�LHL�DOWD����2�EHUH�R�DL�WRW�WLPSXO�OD�vQGHPkQD����2�EHUH�QX�DUH�QHYRLH�GH�WRDWD�EDLD�SHQWUX�HD����'DFD�EHL�R�EHUH�EXQD�DL�vQWRWGHDXQD�XQ�VHQWLPHQW�SODFXW����'H�OD�R�EHUH�QX�LHL�QLFLRGDWD�EROL�FD�KHUSHVXO����2�EHUH�QX�DUH�FLFOX����'DFD�EHL�R�VWLFOD�GH�EHUH��SULPHVWL�vQWRWGHDXQD�JDUDQWLD�SH�VWLFOD����'DFD�SULYHVWL��OD�vQFHSXW��LQVLVWHQW�R�EHUH�VL�DSRL�R�EHL��HD�QX�YD�VWULJD�QLFLRGDWD����2�EHUH�QX�VWULJD�QLFLRGDWD�GH�FH�ODVL�FDSDFXO�GH�:&�ULGLFDW����2�EHUH�IDFH�VSXPD��QX�SOkQJH����2�EHUH�QX�SRDUWD�VXWLHQ����/D�R�SHWUHFHUH��R�EHUH�QX�GLVSDUH�vPSUHXQD�FX�DOWH�EHUL��OD�R�EkUID�PLFD����&KLDU�VL�R�EHUH�UHFH�FD�JKHDWD�WH�YD�ODVD�VD�WH�DSHUL����2�EHUH�QX�DUH�DYRFDW����2�EHUH�H�DVFXOWDWRDUH�VL�QX�VH�FHDUWD�QLFLRGDWD����2�EHUH�QX�PLQWH�QLFLRGDWD����3H�R�EHUH�QX�LQWHUHVHD]D�QLFLRGDWD�OD�FH�ILOPH�WH�XLWL�OD�YLGHR����2�EHUH�QX�H�QLFLRGDWD�REH]D����2�EHUH�QX�YD�]LFH�QLFLRGDWD�FD�HVWL�QHGUHSW�FX�HD����'XSD�PDL�PXOWH�EHUL�GXUHUHD�GH�FDS�WUHFH�vQWRWGHDXQD����2�EHUH�QX�VH�YD�VXSDUD�GDFD�vQ�SUHDMPD�WD�VXQW�VL�DOWH�EHUL����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�YD�VSXQH�QLFLRGDWD�FD�HVWL�QHPDQLHUDW����2�EHUH�QX�VSXQH�QLFLRGDWD�QX����3H�R�EHUH�QX�R�YD�GHUDQMD�QLFLRGDWD�GDFD�LQWUL�vQ�FDPHUD�IDUD�VD�EDWL�OD�XVD����2�EHUH�QX�YD�]LFH�QLFLRGDWD�FD�IRWEDOXO�H�XQ�MRF�WkPSLW�GLQ�FLQH�VWLH�FH�PRWLYH����2�EHUH�QX�WH�WULPLWH�FX�JXQRLXO����2�EHUH�QX�vVL�VFKLPED�QLFLRGDWD�SDUHUHD����2�EHUH�QX�FRQVXPD�WRDWD�KkUWLD�LJLHQLFD����2�EHUH�QX�DUH�PRUDO����2�EHUH�QX�EkUIHVWH�

Page 27: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���2�EHUH�QX�DUH�JULMD�WRW�WLPSXO�FH�IDFL����2�EHUH�DUDWD�OD�IHO�VL�GLPLQHDWD�VL�VHDUD����2�EHUH�QX�VH�SOkQJH�GDFD�R�LHL�FX�WLQH�XQGHYD����2�EHUH�VWHULOL]DWD�H�R�EHUH�EXQD����2�EHUH�QX�WH�vQVHDOD����%HULOH�DX�XQ�JXVW�EXQ����2�EHUH�QX�YUHD�VD�ILH�HPDQFLSDWD����ÌQ�DIDUD�GH�GXUHUL�GH�FDS��QX�SRWL�OXD�QLPLF�GH�OD�R�EHUH����2�EHUH�QX�DUH�PDPD����2�EHUH�QX�WUHEXLH�VSDODWD�SHQWUX�D�DYHD�XQ�JXVW�EXQ����3H�R�EHUH�QX�R�LQWHUHVHD]D�GDFD�UkJkL����2�EHUH�QX�]LFH�FD�UHFODPHOH�FX�EHEHOXVL�VXQW��GXOFL�����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�VSXQH�FD�DMXQJL�OD�vQFKLVRDUH��GDFD�FRSLH]L�LOHJDO�VRIWZDUH����3H�R�EHUH�QX�R�LQWHUHVHD]D�FkQG�DMXQJL�DFDVD����2�EHUH�QX�YD�FRVWD�PDL�PXOW�GH��������OHL�VL�QLFL�QX�WH�YD�ODVD�vQVHWDW����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�YD�VSXQH����0DQkQFD�H�IRDUWH�EXQ�VL�VDQDWRV�����2�EHUH�QX�WH�WULPLWH�OD�PXQFD�VD�FkVWLJL�EDQL����%HUHD�QX�vVL�IDFH�JULML�FkQG�vQFHSH�FDPSLRQDWXO�GH�IRWEDO����3RWL�DYHD�PDL�PXOWH�EHUL�SH�QRDSWH�IDUD�VD�DL�YUHXQ�VHQWLPHQW�GH�YLQRYDWLH����2�EHUH�QX�WH�WULPLWH�OD�FXPSDUDWXUL����2�EHUH�QX�vQWkU]LH�QLFLRGDWD����'DFD�EHL�R�EHUH�QX�WH�vPEROQDYHVWH�FX�JkQGXO�OD�DOWD�EHUH����2�EHUH�QX�WH�SXQH�VD�VFKLPEL�FDQDOXO�OD�WHOHYL]RU����2�EHUH�QX�WH�SXQH�VD�L�FXPSHUL�WDPSRDQH����7H�SRWL�SXQH�XVRU�vQ�ORFXO�XQHL�EHUL����(WLFKHWHOH�VH�GHVSULQG�GHVWXO�GH�XVRU�GH�SH�VWLFOHOH�GH�EHUH����3H�R�EHUH�QX�R�GHUDQMHD]D�GDFD�WH�XLWL�vQ�3OD\ER\����2�EHUH�QX�WH�IDFH�QHVLPWLW����%HULOH�VH�SRW�EHD�vQ�SXEOLF����(WLFKHWHOH�VXQW�LQFOXVH�vQ�SUHW����/D�R�EHUH�VWL�vQWRWGHDXQD�GLQDLQWH�FkW�YD�FRVWD����2�EHUH�QX�H�JHORDVD�SH�DOWH�EHUL����2�EHUH�VH�SULFHSH�PDL�ELQH�OD�XQ�FRPSXWHU�GHFkW�R�IHPHLH����2�EHUH�VH�XLWD�FX�WLQH�OD�PHFL���2�EHUH�QX�VH�PDFKLD]D���2�EHUH�VH�FRQVXPD�PDL�ELQH�UHFH����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�FHUH�EDQL�SHQWUX�FRVPHWLFLDQ����2�EHUH�QX�vWL�FHUH�EDQL�SHQWUX�FRDIRU����2�EHUH�QX�DUH�QHYRLH�GH�URFKLL�GH�JDOD����2�EHUH�QX�VH�LQWHUHVHD]D�SHQWUX�PRGD����2�EHUH�QX�VH�LQWHUHVHD]D�GH�FH�IDFL�vQ�XOWLPXO�WLPS�RUH�VXSOLPHQWDUH����2�EHUH�QX�UDPkQH�JUDYLGD����8QHL�EHUL�QX�vL�YLQ�QLFLRGDWD�SDULQWLL�vQ�YL]LWD����2�EHUH�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�R�SUH]LQWL�SDULQWLORU����3RWL�OXD�DFDVD�PDL�PXOWH�EHUL�GHRGDWD����2�EHUH�QX�YRUEHVWH�OD�WHOHIRQ����2�EHUH�QX�DUH�SULHWHQH�HQHUYDQWH����2�EHUH�QX�VH�VXSDUD�GDFD�LHVL�FX�EDLHWLL��OD�R�EHUH�����2�EHUH�QX�VH�VXSDUD�GDFD�WH�vPEHWL�����%HULOH�VH�SRW�GHJXVWD�SH�WRDWD�SHULRDGD�OXQLL�����2�EHUH�H[SLUDWD�PDL�PLURDVH�R�YUHPH�vQFD�GHVWXO�GH�ELQH�����'DFD�PHUJL�OD�R�SHWUHFHUH�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�DVWHSWL�FD�EHUHD�VD�ILH�JDWD�����3RWL�VD�EHL�GHRGDWD�VL�R�EHUH�EORQGD�VL�R�EHUH�EUXQD�IDUD�FD�HOH�VD�ILH�JHORDVH�XQD�SH�DOWD�����2�EHUH�QX�VH�XLWD�GXSD�XUPH�GH�UXM�VDX�ILUH�GH�SDU�GH�DOWD�FXORDUH�����2�EHUH�QX�VH�YD�YUHD�QLFLRGDWD�HPDQFLSDWD�����2�EHUH�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH�vQFDO]LWD�vQDLQWH�GH�VHUYLUH�����8QHL�EHUL�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�vL�FXPSHUL�IORUL�����2�EHUH�QX�FLFDOHVWH�����8QHL�EHUL�QX�L�SDVD�GHFD�PHUJL�OD�ERUGHO�����2�EHUH�QX�vVL�DPLQWHVWH�OXFUXUL�GHPXOW�SHWUHFXWH�VL�FDUH�WX�OH�FRQVLGHUL�XLWDWH�����3HQWUX�D�WUDL�FX�R�EHUH�QX�vWL�WUHEXLH�FHUWLILFDW�GH�FDVDWRULH�����2�EHUH�QX�GHYLQH�GLILFLOD�FX�WUHFHUHD�WLPSXOXL������2�EHUH�QX�vWL�YD�VSXQH�FD�H�JUDYLGD�QXPDL�FD�VD�VWDL�FX�HD�

Page 28: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

����6LQJXUXO�OXFUX�FDUH�WL�O�VSXQH�R�EHUH�H�FkQG�VD�WH�GXFL�VD�WH�SLVL�����8QHL�EHUL�QX�vL�FUHVWH�SDU�vQ�ORFXUL�vQ�FDUH�SDUXO�QX�DUH�FH�FDXWD�����8QHL�EHUL�QX�vL�SDVD�GDFD�WH�GXFL�OD�FXOFDUH�LPHGLDW�GXSD�FH�DL�FRQVXPDW�R�����'DFD�SXL�WRDWH�EHULOH�FRQVXPDWH�vQWU�R�FDPHUD��QX�VH�YRU�OXD�QLFLRGDWD�OD�EDWDLH�����2�EHUH�QX�WH�GXFH�OD�VDSD�GH�OHPQ�����2�EHUH�QX�WH�GHWHUPLQD�VD�WH�DSXFL�GH�EDXWXUD�����2�EHUH�QX�SRDWH�IL�VXJUXPDWD�����2�EHUH�H�XVRU�GH�VDWLVIDFXW�%DQFXUL�FX�%XOD�VL�DL�OXL�%DQFXUL�FX�%XOD�OD�DUPDWD��%XOD�VH�vQWRDUFH�DFDVD�vQ�SHUPLVLH��GH�SH�IURQW��3DULQWLL�OXL�6WUXOD�SULHWHQL�GH�IDPLOLH�VL�YHFLQL��vO�vQWUHDED��'DU�6WUXOD�FH�IDFH��GH�FH�Q�D�YHQLW"�3DL�����VWLWL�HUDP�vQ�WUDQVHH��QH�DWDFD�LQDPLFX��FkQG�FH�L�WUHFH�OXL�6WUXOD�SULQ�FDS���"�,RWH�DVD�XQ�JORQW�GL�PDULL���������%XOD�HUD�vQ�DUPDWD��ÌQWU�XQD�GLQ�]LOH��FkQG�IDFHDX�LQVWUXFWLH�&RORQHOXO�OH�VXJHUHD]D�VD�VLPXOH]H�XQ�DWDF�DHULDQ�7RWL�VROGDWLL�VH�DVFXQG�QXPDL�%XOD�VWD�vQ�PLMORFXO�FDPSXOXL�GH�H[HUFLWLL��&RORQHOXO�QHUYRV�SHVWH�PDVXUD�VH�GXFH�OD�%XOD�VL�L]LFH��6ROGDW��'D�VD�WUDLWL��'H�FH�QX�VWDL�DVFXQV�FXP�IDF�FHLODOWL��ED�FUHWLQXOH����%D�GD��VD�WUDLWL��VWDX�VXE�XQ�FRSDF��6L�XQGH�YH]L�WX�FRSDFXO��VFDUQDYLH"�'D�WX�XQGH�SL] D�PDWLL�YH]L�DYLRDQH��VD�WUDLWL"��9DULDQWD�,QVWUXFWLH�GH�FkPS��6HUJHQWXO�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�%XOD��6ROGDW��FH�IDFL�GDFD�vQ�IDWD�WD�YH]L�����GH�LQDPLFL"�ÌL�vPSXVF�FX�PLWUDOLHUD��GRPQXOH�VHUJHQW��]LFH�%XOD��'DU�FH�IDFL�GDFD�YH]L�vQ�VWkQJD�����GH�LQDPLFL"ÌL�vPSXVF�FX�PLWUDOLHUD��GRPQXOH�VHUJHQW��'DU�FH�IDFL�GDFD�YH]L�vQ�GUHDSWD������GH�LQDPLFL"�ÌL�vPSXVF�FX�PLWUDOLHUD��GRPQXOH�VHUJHQW��'DU�GH�XQGH�LHL�WX�DWkWHD�FDUWXVH��%XOD"�'LQ�ORFXO�GLQ�FDUH�DGXFHWL�VL�'XPQHDYRDVWUD�LQDPLFLL�����5D]ERL�FX�QHPWLL��%XOD�VH�DVFXQGH�vQWU�R�IkQWDQD��8Q�QHDPW�YUHD�VD�IDFD�OD�IHO��(O�VWULJD�vQ�IkQWDQD��LDU�%XOD�IDFH�SH�HFRXO��(�FLQHYD�DFROR"�(�FLQHYD�DFROR"�0DL�ELQH�PD�GXF�vQ�SDGXULFH�����0DL�ELQH�PD�GXF�vQ�SDGXULFH�����0DL�ELQH�DUXQF�R�JUHQDGD�����0DL�ELQH�WH�GXFL�vQ�SDGXULFH����%XOD�OD�FDELQHWXO�PHGLFDO�DO�UHJLPHQWXOXL��'RP�GRFWRU��PD�VLPW�IRDUWH�UDX��8QGH�YD�VLPWLWL�UDX"�6D�WUDLWL��DLFL�vQ�DUPDWD���%XOD�VL�FX�UHJLPHQWXO�vQ�UD]ERL��&DGH�R�ERPED��5DPkQH�QXPDL�HO�FX�FDSLWDQXO�&DSLWDQXO�R�LD�vQDLQWH�FD�H�PDL�GHVWHSW��&DGH�vQWU�R�FDSFDQD�6L�]LFH���$UXQFD�IUkQJKLD�%XOD�vL�DUXQFD�IUkQJKLD��1X�DVD�ERXOH��PLH�XQ�FDSDW�VL�WLH�XQ�FDSDW�%XOD�LD�IUkQJKLD�WDLH�GRXD�FDSHWH�DUXQFD�XQXO�FDSLWDQXOXL�VL�XQXO�vO�SDVWUHD]D��9LWD��WLQH�IUkQJKLD�GH�XQ�FDSDW�VL�DUXQFD�UHVWXO�vQ�JURDSD�

Page 29: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

ÌQ�ILQDO�%XOD�VH�SULQGH�VL�vL�DUXQFD�IUkQJKLD�FDSLWDQXOXL��$FXPD�WUDJH�6FRDWH�%XOD�SLVWROXO��vO�vQGUHDSWD�VSUH�JURDSD�VL�EXXXXXP���&RORQHOXO�YL]LWHD]D�LQILUPHULD�UHJLPHQWXOXL��FXULRV�VD�YDGD�FXP�VXQW�vQJULMLWL�EROQDYLL�/kQJD�XQXO�GLQ�SDWXUL��FRORQHOXO�vQWUHDED��&H�DL�VROGDW"�+HPRURL]L��VD�WUDLWL��6L�FXP�WH�WUDWHD]D"�%DGLMRQDUL�FX�DOEDVWUX�GH�PHWLO��$L�YUHR�GRULQWD"�1X��VD�WUDLWL�'XSD�DOWL�����SDFLHQWL�FX�DFHHDVL�ERDOD��WUDWDWL�OD�IHO�VL�IDUD�GRULQWH�VSHFLDOH�GH�IRUPXODW��YLQH�UkQGXO�OXL�%XOD��7X�GH�FH�VXIHUL"�'H�DPLJGDOLWD��VD�WUDLWL��6L�FXP�WH�WUDWHD]D"�%DGLMRQDUL�FX�DOEDVWUX�GH�PHWLO��$L�YUHR�GRULQWD"�'D��VD�WUDLWL��6D�VFKLPEH�VRPRLRJXO���3URDVSDW�FDVDWRULW��%XOD�HVWH�UHFUXWDW�VL�H�UHSDUWL]DW�OD�YkQDWRULL�GH�PXQWH�'XSD�����OXQL�GH� LQVWUXFWLH� IDUD�QLFL� R�SHUPLVLH�� vQ�SOLQD�LDUQD��XQLWDWHD�SRUQHVWH� vQWU�R�DSOLFDWLH�SH�PXQWH��FKLDU�SH� OkQJDFRPXQD�XQGH�%XOD�vVL�ODVDVH�QHYDVWD�2PHQRV��FRPDQGDQWXO� vL�DFRUGD�DFHVWXLD�R�SHUPLVLH�GH�R�QRDSWH��)HULFLW��%XOD� vVL�SXQH�VFKLXULOH� VL� UHDOPHQWH�]ERDUD� VSUHPXOW�GRULWD�L�VRWLH�$�GRXD�]L��VHDUD��vQ�GRUPLWRU��%XOD�RUJDQL]HD]D�XQ�FRQFXUV�JKLFLWRDUH��&LQH�PL�VSXQH�FDUH�VXQW�SULPHOH�WUHL�OXFUXUL�SH�FDUH�OH�DP�IDFXW�FkQG�DP�DMXQV�DFDVD"�ÌQ�SULPXO�UkQG�WL�DL�VDOXWDW�IDPLOLD��RSLQHD]D�FLQHYD��*UHVLW��ÌQ�SULPXO�UkQG�P�DP�FXOFDW�FX�QHYDVWD�PHD��$O�GRLOHD"�7L�DL�VDOXWDW�IDPLOLD��*UHVLW��0�DP�FOXFDW�D�GRXD�RDUD�FX�QHYDVWD�PHD��6L�DO�WUHLOHD"�7H�DL�FXOFDW�D�WUHLD�RDUD�FX�QHYDVWD�WD��1X��QLFL�FKLDU�DVD��VSXQH�%XOD��ÌQ�DO�WUHLOHD�UDQG���PL�DP�VFRV�VFKLXULOH�GLQ�SLFLRDUH���%XOD�IDFHD�VFRDOD�GH�SDUDVXWLVP�VL�FRPDQGDQWXO�FDUH�DQWUHQD�JUXSD�OXL�%XOD�YUHD�VD�VL�EDWD�MRF�GH�HL�VL�VD�L�SXQD�VD�IDFDSULPXO�VDOW�XQGHYD�vQ�6DKDUD�,QVWUXFWRUXO�LL�LD�VL�OH�]LFH��%DLHWL�� YHGHWL� FD� YD� SDUDVXWDP� vQ� GHVHUW�� $FROR� VD� DVWHSWDWL� FD� WULPLWHP� XQ� MHHS� VD� YD� LD�� $SURSR�� OXDWL�YD� YUHR� ��� GHSDUDVXWH�FD�VXQW�G�DVWHD�URPkQHVWL�6DUH�%XOD�SULPX�GLQ�JUXSD�OXL�VL�SH�OD�YUHR������GH�PHWUL�YUHD�VD�GHVFKLGD�SULPD�SDUDVXWD��%LQH�vQWHOHV�FD�DFHDVWD�QX�PHUJHVL�HO�vVL�]LFH��1X�L�QLPLF��PDL�DP����SDUDVXWH�%LQHvQWHOHV�FD�QX�L�V�D�GHVFKLV�QLFLXQD�GLQ�SDUDVXWH��9D]kQG�HO�FXP�VWD�WUHDED�vL�YLQH�LQVSLUDWLD�PHWDIL]LFD��%D��FH�JKLQLRQLVW�VXQW��QX�PL�V�D�GHVFKLV�QLFL�R�SDUDVXWD�GLQ�DOHD�����GD�GDFD�QX�YLQH�MHHSX�VD�PD�LD"���%XOD�vQ�SULPD�]L�GH�DUPDWD��8Q�SOXWRQLHU�WUHFH�SULQ�IDWD�UkQGXOXL�GH�VROGDWL�VL�vQWUHDED��&H�DL�IRVW�vQ�YLDWD�FLYLOD"8QXO�EUXWDU��DOWXO�PDFHODU��DOWXO�HOHFWULFLDQ�HWF��$MXQJH�RILWHUXO�OD�%XOD��&H�DL�IRVW�vQ�YLDWD�FLYLOD"�$P�IRVW�IHULFLW��VD�WUDLWL����%XOD�OD�UHFUXWDUH��0HGLFXO�]LFH��&LWHVWH�FX�YRFH�WDUH��FH�VFULH�DFROR�SH�WDEOD�%XOD��&DUH�WDEOD��HX�QX�YDG�QLFL�R�WDEOD�"�)RDUWH�ELQH��UDVSXQGH�GRFWRUXO��1LFL�QX�H�YUHR�WDEOD�DFROR��$SW��8UPDWRUXO������%XOD�OD�UHFUXWDUH�GD�PHGLFXOXL�R�IRLDLH�SH�FDUH�VFULH���1X�SRW�VD�YRUEHVF��VXQW�PXW��0HGLFXO�PLOLWDU��3XQHWL�PkQD�SH�PDVD�VL�vQFKLGHWL�RFKLL�0HGLFXO�vO�ORYHVWH�FX�SXWHUH�FX�FLRFDQXO��$DDDDDDDDK�����ÌQ�UHJXOD���PkLQH�vQYDWDP�OLWHUD��E��

Page 30: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���2ILWHUXO�GH�OD�FHQWUXO�GH�UHFUXWDUH�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�%XOD��5HFUXW��FHL�FX�RFKLXO�GXPLWDOH"�(�XQ�RFKL�DUWLILFLDO��6L�GLQ�FH�H�XQ�RFKL�DUWLILFLDO"�'LQ�VWLFOD��GRPQXOH�RILWHU��'D��ORJLF�WUHEXLH�VD�VL�YH]L�SULQ�HO����/D�UHFUXWDUH�%XOD�HVWH�vQWUHEDW��&H�PHVHULH�DL"�&RPHGLDQW��&RPHGLDQW�"�,D�DUDWD�FH�VWLL�PD�%XOD�LHVH�SH�XVD�DIDUD�OD�FHL�FDUH�DVWHSWDX�VL�VWULJD��3XWHWL�SOHFD�FX�WRWLL�DFDVD��(X�DP�SULPLW�ORFXO�DFHVWD������/D�UHFUXWDUH�%XOD�]LFH�PHGLFXOXL�PLOLWDU��6XQW�PLRS�GHFL�QHLQFRUSRUDELO��&XP�YUHL�VD�GHPRQVWUH]L�DVWD"�9HGHWL�FXLXO�DFHOD�vQ�]LG"�'D����(L�ELQH�HX�QX�O�YDG����/D�UHFUXWDUH�%XOD�H�vQWUHEDW��&H�L�WDFWX"�%ROQDY�GH�SODPkQL��1�DP�vQWUHEDW�DVWD��&H�IDFH"�7XVHVWH��7kPSLWXOH��'LQ�DVWD�QX�VH�SRDWH�WUDL��3DL�GH�DLD�D�VL�PXULW������%XOD��PLF�GH�VWDWXUD��OD�DUPDWD�VWD�OD�FDSDWXO�VLUXOXL��0HGLFXO�PLOLWDU�IDFH�FRQWUROXO�LJLHQLF��/D�SULPXO�VROGDW��'HFDORWDWL��FDORWDWL�/D�DO�GRLOHD��'HFDORWDWL��FDORWDWL�/D�DO�WUHLOHD��'HFDORWDWL��FDORWDWL�$MXQJH�OD�%XOD��'HFDORWDWL��FDORWDWL�'LQWU�R�GDWD�XQ�OLFKLG�DOE�ODSWRV�vO�VWURSHVWH�SH�PHGLF"�3RUFXOH��QX�WL�H�UXVLQH"���6D�WUDLWL��HX�DP�IDFXW�H[HUFLWLXO�GH�OD�EXQ�vQFHSXW����ÌQ�RUD�GH�LQVWUXFWLH�RILWHUXO�YUHD�VD�H[SOLFH�FXP�vQ�FD]�GH�QHYRLH�VH�VWHULOL]HD]D�DSD�QHSRWDELOD�vQ�YHGHUD�FRQVXPXOXL�ÌQDLQWH�vQWUHDED��'HFL�GDFD�QX�DYHP�GHFkW�DSD�PXUGDUD�FXP�R�SXWHP�IDFH�SRWDELOD"%XOD�UDVSXQGH��3ULPD�GDWD�ILHUEHP�DSD�VL�DSRL�R�ILOWUDP��)RDUWH�ELQH��0DL�IDFHWL�FHYD"�'D��GXSD�DFHHD�EHP��SHQWUX�VLJXUDQWD��R�EHUH������%XOD�IDFH�DUPDWD�vQWU�R�XQLWDWH�PDUH��2GDWD�XPEOD�SH�SODWRX�FX�PkLQLOH�vQ�EX]XQDUH�SH�OkQJD�XQ�FRPDQGGDQW�GH�JUXSD"$FHVWD�vO�RSUHVWH�VL�vQWUHDED��(VWL�OD�DYLDWLH��VROGDW"�1X��VD�WUDLWL��GH�FH"�1XPDL�DLD�VXQW�WRW�WLPSXO�FX�PkQD�SH�PDQVD��GH�SLORWDM�����&LFD�vL�YHQLVH�OXL�%XOD�FKHPDUH�GH�OD�DUPDWD��0D�VD��ILDUWD��GD�IXJD�OD�WDW�VX��]LGDU�vQ�FRQVWUXFWLL��VD�L�GHD�YHVWHD�SURDVWD��$ROHX��L�D�YHQLW�OX�IL�WX�FKHPDUH�OD�DUPDWD��GRL�DQL�OD�PDULQD��DROHX��FH�QH�IDFHP��FD�SOHDFD�EDLDWX��VL�PRU�HX�GH�LQLPD�UHD�7DWDO�OXL�%XOD�HUD�VXV�SH�VFKHOH�OD�HWDMXO����FX�PLVWULD�vQ�PvQD��/DVD�GUDJD��VD�IDFD�EDLDWX�DUPDWD��VD�VH�IDFD�EDUEDW��FH�PDPD�QDLELL��1X�EDUEDWH��WUHEH�VD�IDFHP�FHYD��'H�FH�QX�WH�DUXQFL��WX�GH�SH�VFKHOH��VL�PRUL��VD�VH�OLEHUH]H�FD�ILX�GH�YDGXYD��$X]L�ID��GH�FH�QX�WH�DUXQFL�WX�vQ�EUDWHOH�FRORQHOXOXL��VL�VD�VH�OLEHUH]H�FD�ILX�GH�FXUYD"

Page 31: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���&DSRUDOXO�H�FDP�PLRS�GH�IHOXO�OXL��'UHSWL��$VWD�H�YDODELO�VL�SHQWUX�WLQH��WX�DOD�FX�ERQHWD�URVLH��GLQ�VSDWH�/D�FDUH�%XOD��'RPQXOH�FDSRUDO��SHUPLWHWL�VD�UDSRUWH]��VD�WUDLWL��DOD�H�XQ�+LGUDQW��)LH�FH�R�YUHD�HO��$LFL�WUHEXLH�VD�DVFXOWH�VL�FHL�FX�IDFXOWDWH����%XOD�OD�IUL]HULD�XQLWDWLL�VWD�SH�XQ�VFDXQ�vQYHFLQDW�FX�DO�DFHOXLD�SH�FDUH�VWDWHD�XQ�RILWHU�9URLD�DQXPH�VD�VH�WXQGD�SHQWUX�SHUPLVLD�GH�D�GRXD�]L��'XSD�FH�D�IRVW�WXQV�RILWHUXO�H�vQWUHEDW�GH�IUL]HU��6D�YD�GDX�FX�JHO�VL�DSD�GH�SDU"�1X��QX�vQ�QLFL�XQ�FD]��GDFD�PLURV�DVD�VH�JkQGHVWH�QHYDVWD�PHD�FD�DP�IRVW�LDUDVL�vQ�ERUGHO�/D�FDUH�%XOD��/D�PLQH�SXWHWL�OLQLVWLW�VD�GDWL�VL�FX�JHO�VL�FX�DSD�GH�SDU��SULHWHQD�PHD�QX�VWLH�FXP�PLURDVH�vQ�ERUGHO�������%XOD�OD�DUPDWD��%XOD�IHOLFLWDUL��VSXQH�RILWHUXO�OD�UDSRUW��DP�DX]LW�FD�DWL�GHYHQLW�WDWD"�1X�FKLDU�����VRWLD�PHD�D�GHYHQLW�PDPD����8Q�JHQHUDO�LQVSHFWHD]D�SOXWRQXO�OXL�%XOD��$MXQJH�OD�DFHVWD��vO�EDWH�SULHWHQRV�SH�XPDU�VL�]LFH��&X�vWL�PHUJH��ILXO�PHX"/D�FDUH�%XOD�UDGLRV��&H�ELQH�FD�DP�GDW�GH�WLQH��WDWD��PDPD�WH�FDXWD�GH�DQL�VL�DQL������%XOD�OD�DUPDWD�VH�QHFDMHVWH�FD�QX�vVL�SULPHVWH�VROGD��1HUYRV�GD�XQ�XOWLPDWXP��'RPQXOH�FDSRUDO��RUL�vPL�SULPHVF�VROGD��RUL�vPL�FXPSDU�XQ�SLVWRO�PLWUDOLHUD�VL�PD�SULYDWL]H]����&DSRUDOXO�vQWUHDED��6ROGDW�%XOD�FXP�SURFHGH]L�FkQG�DX]L�FRPDQGD���9ROXQWDULL�XQ�SDV�vQ�IDWD��"�)DF�XQ�SDV�ODWHUDO��SHQWUX�FD�YROXQWDULL�VD�SRDWD�SDVL�vQDLQWH������%XOD�vQ�VHUYLFLXO�JDUGD�HVWH�vQWUHEDW�GH�FDWUH�VHUJHQWXO�PDMRU��&H�IDFL�FkQG�YH]L�XQ�EDUEDW�DSURSLLQGX�VH�WkUkV�GH�FD]DUPD"�ÌO�GXF��GLVFUHW��SH�GRPQXO�ORFRWHQHQW�vQ�SDWXO�OXL����([HUFLWLX�GH�QRDSWH��6ROGDWLL�PDUVDOXLHVF��ÌQ�FH�GLUHFWLH�QH�vQGUHSWDP��%XOD"�VWULJD�VHUJHQWXO��6XG��'H�FH�VXG"�3HQWUX�FD�DP�vQFHSXW�VD�WUDQVSLU������%XOD�H�GH�JDUGD�OD�SRDUWD�XQLWDWLL��9LQH�268�XO��RILWHUXO�GH�VHUYLFL�SH�XQLWDWH��VL�vL�VSXQH��6ROGDW�%XOD��D]L�YLQH�JHQHUDOXO��&kQG�YLQH�vPL�UDSRUWH]L�LPHGLDW�%XOD�SXWLQ�LQWLPLGDW��'D��VD�WUDLWL�'XSD�R�RUD�JHQHUDOXO�QX�D�VRVLW�vQFD��VH�vQWRDUFH�GLQ�QRX�268�XO�GH�GDWD�DVWD�VL�PDL�UDVSLFDW��&XP�D�VRVLW�JHQHUDOXO�UDSRUWH]L�LPHGLDW�'XSD����GH�PLQXWHQ�YLQH�GLQ�QRX�26X�XO�OD�%XOD��&XP�D�VRVLW�JHQHUDOXO�UDSRUWH]L�LPHGLDW�'XSD�DFHHD�ID]D�VH�UHSHWD�vQFD�GH�FkWHYD�RUL�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YLQH�R�GDFLH�QHDJUD�VL�RSUHVWH�OD�SRDUWD�XQLWDWLL��%XOD�PHUJH�OD�PDVLQD�VL�vQWUHDED�WLSXO�FH�VWDWHD�vQ�VSDWH��+HL��WX�HVWL�JHQHUDOXO"*HQHUDOXO�XLPLW�VSXQH��'D��GH�FH"�)D�WH�FD�GLVSDUL��GD�UHSHGH��268�XO�WH�FDXWD�GH�DSURDSH�R�RUD�VL�H�IRDUW�QHUYRV����%XOD�IDFH�DUPDWD�OD�SDUDVXWLVWLL��/D�ERWH]XO�XQHL�WXUH�QRL�GH�UDFDQL�RILWHUXO�VDGH�vQWU�R�SDUWH�VL�%XOD�vL�DMXWD�SH�DFHVWLD�VDVDUD�)LHFDUH�IDFH�QD]XUL��PDL�PXOW�VDX�PDL�SXWLQ��GDU�%XOD�QHPLORV�vL�DUXQFD�DIDUD�GLQ�DYLRQ�2ILWHUXO�H�R�FOLSD�QHDWHQW�VL�%XOD�vL�DMXWD�XOWLPXOXL�VROGDW�VD�VDUD��$FHVWD�VH�RSXQH�PDL�WDUH�FD�FHLODOWL��GDU�%XOD�vL�IDFH�VL�OXLYkQW��$VD�XQ�IULFRV��Q�DP�PDL�YD]XW�vQ�YLDWD�PHD��VSXQH�HO�RILWHUXOXL��&H�DL�IDFXW�WkPSLWXOH��'RP�ORFRWHQHQW��GRDU�QX�OXDWL�DSDUDUHD�IULFRVXOXL�DVWD"�&H�IULFRV�PD��DVWD�L�EXQD�PD��DVWD�HUD�SLORWXO�QRVWUX���

Page 32: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���ÌQ�WLPSXO�FHOXL�GH�DO�GRLOHD�UD]ERL�PRQGLDO��XQ�VROGDW�D�IRVW�LQWUHEDW��&H�WH�D�IDFXW�VD�WH�LQUROH]L�LQ�DUPDWD"�0�DP�LQURODW�GLQ�PDL�PXOWH�PRWLYH�$P�YUXW�VD�PL�VOXMHVF�SDWULD��DP�YUXWVD�OXSW�FRQWUD�IDVFLVPXOXL��DP�YUXW�VD�FRQVWUXLHVF�R�OXPH�PDL�EXQD��GHPQDGH�HURLL�HL��GDU�PRWLYXO�SULQFLSDO�D�IRVW�FD�P�DX�LQKDWDW�DVWLD����2�VFXUWD�ELRJUDILH�D�OXL�%XOD��0DPD�PHD�QX�VWLH�FDUWH�0�D�GDW�SH�PLQH�OD�VFRDOD�vQ�VFKLPE�$P�UHXVLW�VD�WHUPLQ�FODVD�D�FLQFHD�FkQG�P�DX�OXDW�OD�DUPDWD��/D�DUPDWD�HUD�IRDUWH�ELQH�1H� VFXODP� OD� FLQFL� GLPLQHDWD� IDFHDP� XQ� PLF� H[HUFLWLX� GXSD� FDUH� QH� GDGHDP� MRV� GLQ� SDW�� (X� L�DP� FHUXW� FDSRUDOXOXL� RSHUPLVLH�(O�PL�D�GDW�XQD�GH�PL�DX�WLXLW�XUHFKLOH�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL��&kQG�DP�DMXQV�DFDVD�DP�JDVLW�R�SH�PDPD�SODQJkQG�3OkQJHD�GH�OD�IXPXO�GH�OXPkQDUL��3H�WDWD�QX�O�DP�JDVLW��1X�P�DP�JkQGLW�VD�O�FDXW�SH�PDVD��,�DP�VSXV�PDPHL�FD�WHEXLH�VD�OvQJURSDP�6L�PDPD�PL�D�VSXV��&XP�"�6D�O�vQJURSDP�DFXP�FkQG�V�D�ODVDW�GH�EDXW"��ÌQ�DFHHDVL�VHDUD�PDPD�V�D�FXOFDW�FX�7HDPD��7HDPD�9DVLOH��SUHRWXO�VDWXOXL����3DUDVXWLVWL�VDUHDX�GLQWU�XQ�DYLRQ��6DU�WRWL�VL�PDL�UDPkQH�%XOD�VL�FX�FDSLWDQXO��%XOD�]LFH��'RP�FDSLWDQ��HX�QX�VDU��'H�FH�PD"�$P�YLVDW�LHUL�FD�QX�PL�VH�GHVFKLGH�SDUDVXWD��,D�PD�SDUDVXWD�PHD��GD�PL�SDUDVXWD�WD�VL�VDUL�6DUH�%XOD�VH�GHVFKLGH�SDUDVXWD�VL�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VH�DXGH�SH�OkQJD�HO�XQ�VXLHUDW�VL�R�YRFH�GH�MRV��%DJD�WL�DL�S D�Q�HO�GH�YLV������2�JDVFD�GH�VROGDWL�VWDWHDX�OD�PDVD��%XOD�YUHD�VD�PHDUJD�OD�EXGD�&D�VD�QX�vL�LD�FHLODOWL�PkQFDUHD�VFXLSD�vQ�IDUIXULH�VL�ODVD�XQ�ELOHW�OLQJD�IDUIXULH�FDUH�]LFHD���$P�VFXLSDW�vQ�IDUIXULH��&kQG�VH�vQWRDUFH�%XOD�GH�OD�EXGD�JDVHVWH�FRPSOHWDUHD������VL�QRL�����%XOD�OD�vQFRUSRUDUH��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU�YD�URF�QX�PD�WULPLWHWL�OD�DUWLOHULH��QX�SRW�VD�DXG�EXEXLWXO�WXQXULORU�1X�YD�ILH�IULFD��UHFUXW��7XQXULOH�EXEXLH�DVD�GH�WDUH�FD�OH�YHWL�DX]L�FX�VLJXUDQWD������%XOD�OD�UHFUXWDUH�VWD�GH]EUDFDW�OD�SLHOH�vQ�IDWD�FRPLVLHL�PHGLFDOH��0HGLFXO�PLOLWDU�vL�DUDWD�SXPQXO�VL�]LFH��5HFUXW��&H�YH]L"�1LPLF���'RFWRUXO�FKHDPD�R�VRUD�PHGLFDOD�vL�GHVIDFH�EOX]D�VL�vL�PDVHD]D�WkWHOH�FX�IUHQH]LH��&H�YH]L�DFXPD�UHFUXW"�&RQWXUXUL�QHFODUH��GRPQXOH�PHGLF�/D�FDUH�PHGLFXO�FX�XQ�]kPEHW�SH�EX]H��7LQHUH��RFKLL�WDL�VXQW�SUREDELO�EXQL�GH�DUXQFDW�GDU�VIRDUD�WD�DUDWD�vQWLQVD�vQ�GLUHFWLD�FD]DUPLL������/RFRWHQHQWXO�SULQGH�vQWUH�GHJHWH�XQ�SDGXFKH�FDUH�EDQXLH�FD�OD�OXDW�GH�OD�VROGDWXO�%XOD�GLQ�SULPXO�UkQG��ÌO�DUXQFD�vQVSUHDFHVWD�]LFkQG��'H]HUWRUXOH�%XOD��IRDUWH�vQGHPkQDWLF��SULQGH�SDGXFKHOH�VL�vO�DUXQFD�vQDSRL�VSUH�RILWHU��ÌQDSRL�OD�DUPDWD�FX�WLQH����/D�UDSRUW�SOXWRQLHUXO��6ROGDW�%XOD��GH�FH�VD�QX�XPEOD�VROGDWXO�FX�WLJDUD�vQ�JXUD�SH�SODWRXO�XQLWDWLL���"�$YHWL�GUHSWDWH��GRPQSOXWRQLHU��GH�FH�QX"������ÌQ�UD]ERL�vQDLQWH�GH�OXSWD�RILWHUXO�]LFH�SOXWRQXOXL��0kLQH�H�]LXD�FHD�PDUH��0kLQH�YRP�OXSWD�RP�FRQWUD�RP�/D�FDUH�%XOD��'RP�RILWHU��DUDWDWL�PL�PLH�RPXO�PHX��SRDWH�UHXVHVF�VD�PD�vQWHOHJ�FX�HO����%XOD�GD�H[HPSOX�ELEDQLORU��/D�DUPDWD�WRWL�VWDX�vQ�DFHHDVL�EDUFD����,QIDQWHULD�YkVOHVWH��PDULQD�WLQH�FkUPD�VL�DYLDWLD�IDFH�VNL�QDXWLF�������%XOD�VWD�SH�SHURQ�VD�SOHFH�OD�DUPDWD��&X�HO�PDPD�VD�VL�JDJLFD�VD��$PEHOH�YRU�R�SR]D�GH�OD�HO��'LQ�SDFDWH�%XOD�DUH�QXPDLR�SR]D�OD�HO��SR]D�FDUH�D�IDFXW�R�vQ�DFHD�YDUD�OD�QXGLVWL�

Page 33: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

2�UXSH�vQ�GRXD��SDUWHD�GH�VXV�R�GD�SULHWHQHL�VL�SDUWHD�GH�MRV�PDPHL�VDOH�VWLLQG�FD�DVWD�H�FDP�PLRDSD�VL�QX�R�VD�VL�GHD�VHDPD�0D�VD�VH�XLWD�XQ�WLPS�OD�SR]D�VL�]LFH��'D��GD�H[DFW�FD�WDW�VX��1HEDUELHULW�VL�FUDYDWD�vL�VWD�VWUkPE������ÌQ�WUHQ�VH�IDF�SUH]HQWDULOH��3RSHVFX��ORFRWHQHQW�vQ�UH]HUYD��%XOD��LQDSW�SHQWUX�VHUYLFLXO�PLOLWDU����2ILWHUXO�GH�DYLDWLH�%XOD�IDFH�UHPDUFL�FULWLFH�OD�DGUHVD�LQIDQWHULHL��9LQH�XQ�RILWHU�GH�LQIDQWHULH�VL�]LFH��$YHWL�FHYD�vPSRWULYD�LQIDQWHULHL"/D�FDUH�%XOD��'D��QDSDOP������2�XQLWDWH�PLOLWDUD�HVWH�SODVDWD�vQ�PLMORFXO�GHVHUWXOXL�vQWU�R�RD]D��&RPDQGDQWXW�XQLWDWLL��XLWvQGX�VH�SULQ�ELQRFOXO�VDX�OD�FHVH�PDL�vQWvPSOD�SULQ�]RQD��REVHUYD�SH�%XOD�FXP�L�R�WUDJH�XQXL�VWUXW��&RQGXFDWRUXO�vVL�LHVH�GLQ�ILUH�VL�vO�FKHDPD�SH�UHVSHFWLYXOOD�HO��7H�DP�VXUSULQV�vQ�WLPS�FH�R�IDFHDL�FX�XQ�VWUXW��1H�DL�IDFXW�GH�UXVLQH�WRDWD�XQLWDWHD�%XOD�LD�SR]LWLD�GH�GUHSWL�VL�L�VSXQH�FRPDQGDQWXOXL�VDX��9D�UDSRUWH]��GRPQXOH�JHQHUDO��VvQW�GLVSXV�VD�PL�UHSDU�JUHVDOD��,DX�VWUXWRDLFD�GH�QHYDVWD����%XOD�HUD�ORFRWHQHQW�VL�L�VH�SXQH�vQ�YHGHUH�VD�IDFD�HGXFDWLH�VH[XDOD�VROGDWLORU��FD�OD�YL]LWD�PHGLFDOD�Q�DX�VWLXW�QLFL�FH�L�DLDSHQLV��D�GHFDORWD��HWF��SkQD�QX�OH�D�H[SOLFDW�GRFWRUXO�%XOD��RILWHU�PRGHO��GD�DGXQDUHD�SOXWRQXOXL�SH�SODWRX�VL�vQFHSH�D�RUGRQD��3OXWRQ�'5(37,��9�$/,1,$7,��'5(37,��6FRDWHWL�SHQLVXO��'(&$/27$7,��&$/27$7,��'(&$/27$7,��&$/27$7,��'(&$/27$7,����8Q�VROGDW�ULGLFD�PkQD��'RPQXOH�ORFRWHQHQW��SHUPLWHWL�VD�UDSRUWH]��FLQH�D�WHUPLQDW�SRD�VD�VH�QWRDUFD�vQ�GRUPLWRU"���%XOD�YLQH�OD�RILFLXO�GH�SHQVLL�SHQWUX�PLOLWDUL��/D�YkUVWD�DVWD�YLL�VD�VROLFLWL�SHQVLH�GH�LQYDOLG�PLOLWDU"�&kQG�DL�IRVW�FRPEDWDQW"�ÌQ�����"�1X��vQ�������6L�DL�IRVW�UDQLW�VDX�JD]DW"�1X��GRPQXOH�FRORQHO��]LFH�%XOD�$WXQFL�GH�FH�YUHL�SHQVLH�PLOLWDUD"�'LQ�FDX]D�FD�QH�WXUQD�vQ�PkQFDUH�QHQRURFLWD�DLD�GH�EURPXUD��6L�DELD�DFXP�D�vQFHSXW�VD�VL�IDFD�HIHFWXO������/D�XQ�FRQFXUV�GH�SDUDVXWLVWL�vQWU�R�XQLWDWH�PLOLWDUD��%XOD�WUHEXLD�VD�IDFD�VDOWXO�FX�SDUDVXWD��OD�DWHUL]DUH�VD�LD�ELFLFOHWD�GXSDFDUH�FURV�GH���.P�����HWF��6H�XUFD�%XOD�vQ�DYLRQ��DMXQJH�vQ�]RQD�GH�SDUDVXWDUH��VDUH�VL� WUDJH�GH�FRPDQGD���QX�VH�GHVFKLGH"PDL� WUDJH� R� GDWD���QLPLF� �IX XL����WUDJH� FRPDQGD� GH� OD� SDUDVXWD� GH� VLJXUDQWD���WRW� QLPLF� �EDJD�PL�DV����PDL� WUDJH� RGDWD���QLPLF���GXSD�FDUH�]LFH��3DUFD�YDG�FD�QLFL�ELFLFOHWD�QX�R�VD�ILH�DFROR������&DSRUDOXO�%XOD�VXUSLQGH�vQ�FXUWHD�FD]DUPLL�XQ�UHFXUW�GHVFKLDW�OD�QDVWXUHOH�GH�VXV�DO�EOX]RQXOXL��'HFL�DVD��IDFHP�SODMD��DL"���%XOD�SULPHVWH�RUGLQ�GH�FKHPDUH�vQ�DUPDWD��6H�GXFH�HO�OD�FRPLVDULDW�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH�FXP�VD�VFDSH�GH�DUPDWD��8Q�WLS�vL�VSXQHFD�GDFD�DUH�VWUXQJDUHDWD�QX�O�vQFRUSRUHD]D��%LQH��GDU�HX�QX�DP�VWUXQJDUHWD��FH�IDF"�3DL�LHL�R�FDUDPLGD��vWL�ORYHVWL�GLQWLL�FX�HD��VL�JDWD��IDFL�VWUXQJDUHDWD�=LV�VL�IDFXW��ÌVL�VSDUJH�%XOD�GLQWLL�VL�VH�SUH]LQWD�OD�&RPLVLD�GH�vQFRUSRUDUH��XQGH�HVWH�GHFODUDW� LQDSW�� ,HVH�HO�IHULFLW�DIDUD�VLVWULJD��$P�VFDSDW�GH�DUPDWD����0L�DX�JDVLW�SODWIXV����%XOD� vQ� DUPDWD�� &RPDQGDQWXO� XQLWDWLL� SULPHVWH� vQVWLLQWDUH� FD� OXL� %XOD� L�D� PXULW� PDPD�� ÌO� FKHPD� SH� VHUJHQWXO�PDMRUFRPDQGDQWXO�SOXWRQXOXL�OXL�%XOD�VL�vL�DGXFH�OD�FXQRVWLLQWD�WULVWD�YHVWH���9H]L�ED��FXP�vO�DQXQWL�SH�%XOD��)D�R�VL�WX�PDL�SH�RFROLWH���$P�vQWHOHV��WRDVX�FRPDQGDQW�6HUJHQWXO�VH�GXFH�OD�DSHOXO�GH�GLPLQHDWD�VL�FRPDQGD��3OXWRQ��SH�R�OLQLH�DGXQDUHD��7RWL�FHL�FDUH�DX�PDPD��XQ�SDV�vQDLQWH��7X�%XOD��SRWL�VD�UDPkL�SH�ORF��FD�PD�WD�D�PXULW�LHUL������%XOD� VRVHVWH� vQ� DUPDWD� VD�VL� VDWLVIDFD� VWDJLXO� PLOLWDU�� /D� FRQWUROXO� GH� OD� SRDUWD�� VXERILWHUXO� GH� VHUYLFL� vL� JDVHVWH� XQJHDPDQWDQ�SOLQ�GH�SUH]HUYDWLYH���'H�FH�WL�DL�DGXV�DWvWHD�SUH]HUYDWLYH��%XOD�"

Page 34: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

��$P�DX]LW�HX�FD�vQ�DUPDWD�H�I��DL�PDUH����9DULDQWD�%XOD�VRVHVWH�vQ�DUPDWD�VD�VL�VDWLVIDFD�VWDJLXO�PLOLWDU��/D�FRQWUROXO�GH�OD�SRDUWD��VXERILWHUXO�GH�VHUYLFL�vL�JDVHVWH�XQ�JHDPDQWDQSOLQ�GH�KkUWLH�LJLHQLFD���'H�FH�WL�DL�DGXV�DWkWD�KkUWLH�LJLHQLFD��%XOD�"��$P�DX]LW�HX�FD�YLQ�YUHPXUL�FDFDFLRDVH���%DQFXUL�FX�%XOD�OD�VFRDOD��%XOD�HVWH�IRDUWH�QHDVFXOWDWRU�OD�JUDGLQLWD��0DPD�OXL�vL�VSXQH��%XOD��GDFD�QX�vQYHWL�VD�WH�FRPSRUWL��R�VD�WH�VFKLPEDP�FX�XQ�FRSLO�EXQ��1X�YD�FUHG����'H�FH�QX�QH�FUH]L��%XOD"�3DL�FLQH�DU�IL�WkPSLW�VD�VFKLPEH�XQ�FRSLO�EXQ�FX�XQXO�UDX"��ÌQFHSH�VFRDOD�VL�vQYDWDWRDUHD�YHULILFD�GDFD�HOHYLL�VWLX�VD�QXPHUH�SkQD�OD�����FkQG�DMXQJH�OD�%XOD�DFHVWD�VH�ULGLFD�VL�VSXQH��3DL���������������������������$6�9$/(7�'$0$�3�3$�-�&.(5���"��2UD�GH�*HRJUDILH��1RDSWHD�DFHDVWD�YD�IL�XQ�IHQRPHQ�QDWXUDO�IRDUWH�LQWHUHVDQW���R�HFOLSVD�WRWDOD�GH�OXQD��6D�QX�XLWDWL�VD�YD�XLWDWL�OD�RUD�QRXD�VLMXPDWDWH���VSXQH�SURIHVRDUD�%XOD�GLQ�XOWLPD�EDQFD�vQWUHDED��3H�FH�FDQDO"��2UD�GH�*HRJUDILH��%XOD��GH�FH�HVWH�FXQRVFXW�&ROXPE"�3HQWUX�FD�V�D�GXV�vQ�$PHULFD�IDUD�YL]D�����6WLLQWH�1DWXUDOH��$P�vQYDWDW�LHUL�OD�VFRDOD�FD�DSD�QX�DUH�QLFL�PLURV��QLFL�JXVW��QLFL�FXORDUH��GDU�QX�HVWH�DGHYDUDW���VSXQH�%XOD�PDPHL�VDOH��'H�FH�VSXL�DVWD"�3HQWUX�FD�DP�SXV�LHUL�GRL�GHFLOLWUL�GH�DSD�vQ�EHUHD�OXL�WDLFD�PLX�VL�D�REVHUYDW�LPHGLDW�����2UD�GH�=RRORJLH���%XOD��FXP�VH�FKHDPD�DQLPDOXO�GH�FDUH�VL�OHXOXL�LL�H�IULFD"��/HRDLFD��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD���2UD�GH�=RRORJLH��%XOD��FDUH�HVWH�FHD�PDL�JUDYD�ERDOD�D�FkLQHOXL"�'DFD�HVWH�RPRUkW�����2UD�GH�$QDWRPLH��%XOD��FH�vQVHDPQD�DQDWRPLH"�(VWH�FHYD�FH�DYHP�FX�WRWLL��GDU�VH�YHGH�PDL�ELQH�SH�IHPHL�����2UD�GH�$QDWRPLH��%XOD��FH�HVWH�FRORDQD�YHUWHEUDOD"�(VWH�DFHO�RV�OD�DO�FDUXL�FDSDW�GH�VXV�VWD�FDSXO�QRVWUX��LDU�OD�DO�FDUXL�FDSDW�GH�MRV�VWDP�QRL����'LQ�QRX�RUD�GH�$QDWRPLH�%XOD�FXP�VH�QXPHVF�XOWLPLL�GLQWL�FDUH�QH�DSDU�vQ�JXUD"3URWH]D��GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU����2UD�GH�6RFLRORJLH��1XPLP�KRW�SH�FHO�FDUH�LD�SURSULHWDWHD�DOWXLD���H[SOLFD�SURIHVRUXO��%XOD��WX�QX�HVWL�DWHQW��%D�GD��GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU��$WXQFL�VSXQH�PL��FH�DV�IL�HX�GDFD�WL�DV�VFRDWH�GLQ�EX]XQDU��������GH�OHL"�9UDMLWRU��GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU�

Page 35: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���2UD�GH�)LORVRILH��%XOD��SRWL�VD�PL�VSXL�FH�vQVHDPQD�DEVWUDFW"�vQWUHDED�SURIHVRUXO��'D��GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU��&HHD�FH�QX�VH�SRDWH�DWLQJH��%LQH��%XOD��3RWL�VD�PL�GDL�VL�XQ�H[HPSOX"�)LHUXO�vQFDO]LW������2UD�GH�)L]LFD��%XOD��D]L�YHL�UDVSXQGH�GLQ�OHJHD�OXL�$UKLPHGH��&H�VH�vQWDPSOD�GDFD�WH�VFXIXQ]L�vQ�FDGD"�6XQD�WHOHIRQXO������2UD�GH�)L]LFD��%XOD��GH�FH�HVWH�UHQXPLW�(GLVRQ"�'LQ�FDX]D�GHVFRSHULULORU�VDOH��%LQH��ELQH��GDU�FH�GHVFRSHULUL"�3DL�OXL�vL�GDWRUDP�IDSWXO�FD�GDFD�YUHP�VD�QH�ULGLFDP�GLQ�IDWD�WHOHYL]RUXOXL��QX�WUHEXLH�VD�DSULQGHP�R�OXPkQDUH����2UD�GH�5HOLJLH��%XOD��FH�DX�IDFXW�HYUHLL�GXSD�FH�DX�WUDYHUVDW�0DUHD�5RVLH"���vQWUHDED�SURIHVRUXO��$X�VWDW�OD�VRDUH�VD�VH�XVXFH����2UD�GH�5HOLJLH��%XOD��FvWH�SRUXQFL�H[LVWD"�vQWUHDED�SURIHVRUXO��=HFH��GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU��6L�FH�VH�vQWLPSOD�GDFD�QX�UHVSHFWL�XQD�GLQWUH�HOH"�5DPkQ�QRXD������'LQ�QRX�RUD�GH�5HOLJLH��%XOD��GH�FH�D�FUHDW�'XPQH]HX�PDL�vQWkL�EDUEDWXO"�&D�PDFDU�R�GDWD�vQ�YLDWD�VD�SRDWD�VL�HO�VD�YRUEHDVFD�OLEHU������,DUDVL�RUD�GH�5HOLJLH��%XOD��GH�FH�DX�IRVW�L]JRQLWL�$GDP�VL�FX�(YD�GLQ�3DUDGLV�GH�FDWUH�'XPQH]HX"�3HQWUX�FD�L�DX�PkQFDW�PDUXO������%XOD�OLSVHVWH�GH�OD�VFRDOD��$�GRXD�]L�SURIHVRDUD�vO�vQWUHDED�GH�FH�D�OLSVLW��3DL�PDPD�VL�WDWD�VXQW�vQ�VSLWDO��'H�FH"�$X�DYXW�XQ�DFFLGHQW��6L�WX�FH�DL�IDFXW�vQ�WLPSXO�DVWD"�(X�P�DP�MXFDW�FX�WUDFWRUXO�SULQ�FDVD�����%XOD��GH�FH�QX�DL�YHQLW�LHUL�OD�VFRDOD"�'RDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��V�D�PDULWDW�VRUD�PHD��%LQH��%XOD��GDU�VD�QX�VH�PDL�UHSHWH����%XOD�OLSVHVWH�GH�OD�VFRDOD��$�GRXD�]L�SURIHVRDUD��VXSDUDWD�vO�vQWUHDED�GH�FH�D�DEVHQWDW��6WLWL�GRDPQD��D�WUHEXLW�VD�PD�GXF�FX�YDFD�OD�WDXU��'DU��ELQH�%XOD��QX�SXWHD�VD�IDFD�WDLFD�WX�WUHDED�DVWD�"�%D�GD�GRDPQD��GDU�WDXUXO�R�IDFH�PDL�ELQH����%XOD�D�vQWkU]LDW�OD�VFRDOD�VL�SURIHVRDUD�vO�vQWUHDED�FDP�UHYROWDWD�SHQWUX�FD�D�vQWkU]LDW�PDL�PXOW�FD�GH�RELFHL��%XOD�GH�FH�DL�vQWkU]LDW�DVD�PXOW�VL�D]L"�$P�DMXWDW�R�EDWUkQD�VD�WUHDFD�VWUDGD����UDGLRV��%LQH�VL�GH�FH�WL�D�OXDW�DVD�GH�PXOW�"�3DL�HD�QX�D�YUXW�VD�WUHDFD��������/D�RUD�GH�JUDPDWLFD��%XOD��FkQG�FkQWL�WX��VSXL��HX�FkQW���&kQG�FkQWD�IUDWHOH�WDX��FXP�VSXL"�7DFL�GUDFXOXL�RGDWD����7DWDO�OXL�%XOD�H�FKHPDW�OD�VFRDOD�SHQWUX�FD�IL�VX�D�VSDUW�XQ�JHDP��3ULYLQG�UDPD�JRDOD��WDWDO�GD�GLQ�FDS�FX�JUDYLWDWH��'D��QX�FUHGHDP�FD�H�FKLDU�DVD��'DU�DFXP�YDG�FD�O�D�VSDUW�SH�DPkQGRXD�SDUWLOH�

Page 36: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

����0DPD��P�D�EDWXW�WDWD�GH�GRXD�RUL�D]L��QXV�FH�QDLED�D�DYXW��]LFH�%XOD��3DL�GH�FH"�3ULPD�RDUD�FkQG�L�DP�DUDWDW�FDUQHWXO�GH�QRWH�VL�D�GRXD�RDUD�FkQG�L�DP�VSXV�FD�H�DO�OXL�GH�FkQG�HUD�HOHY����%XOD�YLQH�vQWU�R�]L�OD�VFRDOD�vQ�GROLX��ÌQJULMRUDWD�vQYDWDWRDUHD�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�DL�SDWLW�PDL�%XOD"�$�PXULW�WDWD���&XP�D�PXULW"�vQWUHDED�vQYDWDWRDUHD�6L�D�GDW�FX�FLRFDQXO�vQ�GHJHW��6L�GLQ�FKHVWLD�DVWD�D�PXULW"�1X�GDU�XUOD�DWkW�GH�WDUH�vQFkW�D�WUHEXLW�VD�O�vPSXVFDP���/D�H[WHPSRUDO��6SHU�%XOD�FD�GH�GDWD�DVWD�QX�WH�PDL�SULQG�FRSLLQG��6L�HX�VSHU����%XOD�GXSD�H[DPHQ�HVWH�LQWHURJDW�GH�WDWDO�VDX��%XOD�LD�]L�WX�FXP�D�IRVW�OD�H[DPHQ"�&D�OD�ELVHULFD�WDWD��&XP�DGLFD"�3DL��ÌQ�QXPHOH�7DWDOXL�DO�)LXOXL�VL�DO�6IkQWXOXL�'XK��$PLQ����/D�VFRDOD�HVWH�LQVSHFWLH��,QVSHFWRUXO�SXQH�XUPDWRDUHD�vQWUHEDUH��&RSLL��FH�IDFHWL�GDFD�VXQWHWL�vQWU�R�SDGXUH�VL�YLQH�XUVXO"%XOD�ULGLFD�PDQD��3URIHVRDUD�vQJUR]LWD��GDU�LQVSHFWRUXO�GHMD�D�REVHUYDW�PkQD�ULGLFDWD��6D�UDVSXQGD�FHO�GLQ�XOWLPD�EDQFD��%XOD��UDVSXQGH�IUXPRV��3DL�vQFHS�VD�DOHUJ�FDWUH�XQ�FRSDF��'XSD�DFHHD�FH�IDFL"�0D�XUF�vQ�FRSDF��6L�GDFD�XUVXO�VH�XUFD�VL�HO�SH�FRSDF"�0D�VXL�SkQD�vQ�YkUIXO�FRSDFXOXL�3URIHVRDUHL�QX�L�YLQH�VD�FUHDGD�FD�SDQD�DFXP�%XOD�D�UDVSXQV�DVD�IUXPRV��FD�QX�D�VSXV�QLFL�R�SURVWLH��6L�GDFD�XUVXO�VH�VXLH�VL�HO�SkQD�vQ�YkUIXO�FRSDFXOXL"�6DU�GLQ�FRSDF��6L�GDFD�VDUH�VL�XUVXO"�$OHUJ�OD�XQ�DOW�FRSDF��6L�GDFD�DOHDUJD�VL�XUVXO�GXSD�WLQH"�0D�XUF�vQ�FRSDF��6L�GDFD�VH�XUFD�VL�HO�vQ�FRSDF"�$WXQFL�PD�VXL�SkQD�vQ�YkUIXO�FRSDFXOXL��6L�GDFD�VH�VXLH�VL�HO�SkQD�vQ�YkUIXO�FRSDFXOXL"�0DL�GXWHQ�S D�PDWLL��WX�WLL�FX�XUVXO"���/D� RUD� GH� DVWURQRPLH� LQVSHFWRUXO� HVWH� DYHUWL]DW� FD� HOHYXO� %XOD� HVWH� XQ� SLF� WUD]QLW�� 'XSD� FH� SURIHVRUXO� SUHGD� RUD�LQVSHFWRUXO�vQWUHDED��$UH�FLQHYD�R�vQWUHEDUH"%XOD�ULGLFD�PkQD�VL�vQWUHDED��&H�GLVWDQWD�HVWH�vQWUH�3DPkQW�VL�/XQD�vQ�D�����]L�D�DQXOXL"3URIHVRUXO�QX�VWLH�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�LQVSHFWRU�FH�VD�UDVSXQGD��,QVSHFWRUXO�vL�VSXQH��'D�L�VL�WX�XQ�UDVSXQV�HYD]LY�3URIHVRUXO�VH�DSURSLH�GH�%XOD�VL�vL�VSXQH�vQFHW��%XOD�GDFD�PDL�SXL�DVWIHO�GH�vQWUHEDUL�WH�EDJ�vQ�����PDWLL����/HFWLD�GH�/LPED�5RPkQD��3URIHVRDUD�YUHD�H[HPSOH�GH�OD�FRSLL�FX�SURSR]LWLL�vQ�FDUH�VD�VH�DIOH�FXYkQWXO��SUREDELO�&RVWHO��3HQWUX�FD�DIDUD�HVWH�LQRUDW���SUREDELO��FD�SHVWH�FkWHYD�PLQXWH�YD�SORXD�*HRUJHO��3HQWUX�FD�DP�LHVLW�DIDUD�LPHGLDW�GXSD�EDLH���SUREDELO��FD�DP�VD�PD�SURFRSVHVF�FX�R�UDFHDOD�EXQD�%XOD��$VHDUD�DP�IRVW�OD�VFRDOD�VL�DP�LQWUDW�vQ�KRO�3URID��%XOD�QX�DL�LQWHOHV�FH�WUHEXLH�VD�UDVSXQ]L�%XOD��6WDWL�SXWLQ�FD�QX�DP�WHUPLQDW��'RDPQD�3URIHVRDUD��$P�REVHUYDW�SH�SURIHVRUXO�GH�JLPQDVWLFD�FD�vQWUD�vQ�FDQFHODULH�VLLPHGLDW�GXSD�HO�VL�SURID�GH�PX]LFD�3URID��LQWHUHVDWD���(L��HL��PDL�GHSDUWH���

Page 37: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

%XOD��0�DP�XLWDW�SH�JDXUD�FKHLL� VL� L�DP� YD]XW� FD� vVL� GDX� DPkQGRL� FKLORWLL� MRV�� vQGUHSWLQGX�VH� VSUH� SLDQ� �352%$%,/��FDYURLDX�VD�VH�FDFH�SH�SLDQ����/D�EDOXO�ERERFLORU��%XOD�LQYLWD�R�IDWD�OD�GDQV��1X�GDQVH]�FX�XQ�FRSLO��0D�LHUWDWL��QX�VWLDP�FD�VXQWHWL�vQVDUFLQDWD����3URIHVRDUD�OXL�%XOD�vVL�vQWUHDED�HOHYLL�vQ�FODVD��0DL�FRSLL��FkWL�SHSHQL�SXWHWL�VD�GXFHWL�YRL�vQ�PkQD�GHRGDWD"�9DVLOH��3DL��HX�SRW�VD�GXF�XQ�SHSHQH�vQWU�R�PkQD��6WDL�MRV�9DVLOH�FD�HVWL�SURVW��,RQHO��'�QD�SURIHVRDUD��HX�SRW�VD�GXF���SHSHQL�RGDWD��XQXO�vQWU�R�PkQD�VL�XQXO�vQ�FHDODOWD�PkQD��%UDYR�PDL�,RQHO��0DODLOD�GLQ�SULPD�EDQFD�VH�DJLWD�GH�]RU��'�QD�SURIHVRDUD��HX�SRW�VD�GXF�WUHL�SHSHQL�RGDWD��&XP�DVD�PDL�0DODLOD"�3DL�XQXO�vQWU�R�PkQD��XQXO�vQ�FHDODOWD�PkQD�VL�XQXO�SH�EXOD�ÌQ�FOLSD�DVWD�%XOD�ULGLFD�PkQD�VXV�PDL�PDL�VD�VFRDWD�RFKLL�SURIHVRDUHL��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�PDL�%XOD"��vO�vQWUHDED�SURIHVRDUD��'�QD�SURIHVRDUD��HX�SRW�VD�FDU�FLQFL�SHSHQL�RGDWD�3URIHVRDUD�PLUDWD�vO�vQWUHDED�FXP�DQXPH��3DL��XQXO�vQWU�R�PkQD��XQXO�vQ�FHDODOWD�PkQD�VL�SH�0DODLOD�Q�EXOD������%XOD�OD�VFRDOD�R�QWUHDED�SH�vQYDWDWRDUH��'�QD�vQYDWDWRDUH��H�DGHYDUDW�FD�SH�PLQH�P�R�DGXV�EDU]D"�'D�PDL�%XOD��$LD�FH�DUH�SHQH�DOEH�VL�H"�'D�%XOD��&X�SLFLRDUH�OXQJL�VL�FLRFXO�URVX"�'D�%XOD��$SRL�VD�PD�LHUWDWL��GD�WDWD�QX�I WH�DVD�FHYD����%XOD�YLQH�DFDVD�GH�OD�JUDGLQD�]RRORJLFD�XQGH�D�IRVW�FX�FODVD�vQ�YL]LWD�VL�SRYHVWHVWH��6WLL��WDWD��OD�JUDGLQD�]RRORJLFD�DP�DMXQV�OD�R�FXVFD��VL����VL����(L��VSXQH�RGDWD��6L�GRPQXO�SURIHVRU�D�VSXV�FD�HVWH�R�EDU]D��ÌQVHDPQD�FD�D�IRVW�FKLDW�R�EDU]D��3DL�ELQH��WDWD��GDU�GH�FkQG�DP�YRUELW�GHVSUH�EDU]D��DP�FUH]XW�FD�QX�H[LVWD�R�DVHPHQHD�SDVDUH������/D�VFRDOD�VH�DXGH�XQ�]JRPRW�WHULELO�GLQWU�R�FODVD��'LUHFWRUXO�LQWUD�vQ�FODVD�VL�YHGH�vQJUR]LW�FXP�WRDWD�OXPHD�WLSD��VH�EDWH�XQLL�V�DX�XUFDW�SH�EDQFL�'LUHFWRUXO�VH�UHSHGH�OD�FHO�PDL�]JRPRWRV�VL�vO�GD�DIDUD�GLQ�VDOD��6H�IDFH�GLQWU��RGDWD�R�OLQLVWH��8QGH�HVWH�SURIHVRUXO�YRVWUX"%XOD��7RFPDL�O�DWL�GDW�DIDUD�������'H�FH�D�UDPDV�FHOHEUX�1DSROHRQ"��vQWUHDED�SURIHVRDUD��)LLQGFD�DYHD�R�PHPRULH�IRUPLGDELOD���UDVSXQVH�%XOD��3RWL�IL�PDL�FODU"�'D��3H�VWDWXLD�VD�VFULH���3HQWUX�PHPRULD�OXL�1DSROHRQ������&RSLL��FHQWDXULL�HUDX�ILLQWH�OHJHQGDUH��MXPDWDWH�RP��MXPDWDWH�FDO��'DU�DWXQFL�HL�XQGH�GRUPHDX��vQ�SDW�VDX�vQ�JUDMG"���vQWUHDED�%XOD����&XP�D�GH]OHJDW�$OH[DQGUX�FHO�0DUH�QRGXO�JRUGLDQ"/D�FDUH�%XOD��/�D�WDLDW�FX�VDELD�OXL�'DPRFOHV�����&XP�VH�HQXQWD�SULQFLSLXO�OXL�$UKLPHGH��%XOD��vQWUHDED�SURIHVRUXO�GH�IL]LFD��8Q� FRUS� VFXIXQGDW� vQ�DSD�HVWH� vPSLQV�GH� MRV� vQ� VXV�FX�R� IRUWD�GH�GRXD�RUL�PDL�PDUH� GHFkW� FHD� FX� FDUH� vO� DSDVDP�QRL� SHLQGLYLGXO�UHVSHFWLY����%XOD��FRSLO�GH�VFRDOD��VH�GXFH�OD�WD�VX�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��7DWD��FH�H�DOD�SHQLV"

Page 38: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

7DWDO�VH�GHVFKLGH�OD�VOLW�VL�vL�DUDWD�RELHFWXO�OXL�%XOD��8LWH�WDWD��DFHVWD�HVWH�XQ�SHQLV��LDU�FD�IDSW�GLYHUV��DFHVWD�HVWH�XQ�SHQLV�SHUIHFW�$�GRXD�]L��OD�VFRDOD��%XOD�vVL�FKHDPD�FROHJLL��vVL�GHVFKLGH�VOLWXO��VFRDWH�RELHFWXO�VL�OH�VSXQH��%DLHWL��DFHVWD�HVWH�XQ�SHQLV��LDU�FD�IDSW�GLYHUV��GDFD�HUD�FX���FP�PDL�VFXUW��HUD�XQ�SHQLV�SHUIHFW����%XOD�PRDUH�VD�R�UHJXOH]H�SH�R�FROHJD�GH�FODVD��3UREOHPD�H�FD�HD�QX�YUHD�VXE�QLFL�R�IRUPD��1HVWLLQG�FH�VD�L�PDL�VSXQD�%XOD�vL�]LFH��6D�VWLL�FD�DP�DX]LW�FD�GDFD�IDFL�VH[��VFDSL�GH�FRVXUL�&XP�IDWD�DYHD�FHYD�DFQHH��FRQVLPWH�LPHGLDW��%XOD�VH�DSXFD�GH�OXFUX�GH�]RU��VL�vQ�FXOPHD�SDVLXQLL�vL�VXJH�FX�VDOEDWLFLH�IHWHLVIkUFXULOH�VkQLORU��6H�VFRDOD�IDWD�GXSD�DFHHD�VL�VH�XLWD�vQ�RJOLQGD��0DL�%XOD��VWLL�FD�DL�GUHSWDWH"�$P�DYXW�GRXD�FRVXUL�SH�VkQL�VL�DX�GLVSDUXW����/D�VFRDOD�vQYDWDWRDUHD�OH�FHUH�FRSLLORU�VD�VL�LQYLWH�OD�VFRDOD�EXQLFLL�VL�VWUDEXQLFLL�GDFD�DFHVWLD�DX�IRVW�PDUWRUL�OD�5DVFRDODGLQ������$�GRXD�]L�OD�RUD�GH�LVWRULH�DSDUH�%XOD�FX�EXQLFX�VDX��3RYHVWHVWH�QH�EDFH�%XOD�FXP�R�IRVW�DWXQFHD��]LFH�vQYDWDWRDUHD��3DL�IDWD�PHD�HX�SH�DWXQFHD�HUDP�vQ�SXWHUH����VHGHDP�HX�SH�DFDVD�FX�OXFUXO�FkQG�QXPDL�FH�YLQH�YHFLQXO�3HWUH�vQ�IXJD��0D�%XOD�LD�UHSHGH�R�VDSD��XQ�WRSRU��FH�DL��VL�YLQR�UHSHGH�FD�L�WDUD�vQ�SULPHMGLH��/XDW�DP�HX�VHFXUHD�GLQ�VXUD�VL�KDLGD�FX�YHFLQXO�vQ�FHQWUXO�VDWXOXL����&ROR�VDWXQ�SDU����'D�QX�]LFL�F�RU�YHQLW�DOWLL�PDL�WDUL�FDQRL��QH�EDWXUD�ELQH�VL�QH�EDJDUD�vQ�GXEH����%DFH�%XOD��]LFH�vQYDWDWRDUHD��FHYD�QX�VH�SRWULYHVWH��3H�DWXQFHD�QX�HUDX�GXEH����PQHWDOH�SUHFLV�QX�WL�DPLQWHVWL�GH�FH�WUHEXLH�,D�PDL�JkQGHVWH�WH�R�WkUD��)DWD�PHD��]LFH�%XOD�VHQLRUXO��FUHG�FD�DL�GUHSWDWH����DPX�vPL�DPLQWHVF�FXP�R�IRVW����VHGHDP�HX�FX�YHFLQX�3HWUH�vQ�FUkVPD�ODXQ�WRL�GH�WXLFD�6L�QXPD�FH�YLQH�OD�QRL�FkUFLXPDUX�VL�QH�]LFH��0D�3HWUH��PD�%XOD��PHUJHWL�UHSHGH�SH�OD�FDVHOH�YRDVWUH�VL�OXDWL�YD�RUL�FRDVD�RUL�IXUFD��FH�WL�DYHD��VL�PHUJHWL�OD�DGXQDUH�FD�LYDL�GH�WDUD��0HUVHUDP�QRL�SH�DFDVD��OXDUDP�IXUFLOH�VL�KDLGD� vQ�FHQWUX�VDWXOXL����&ROR�WDW�VDWX�FX�FDWHO�VL�SXUFHO����'D�QX�]LFL�FD�YHQLUDDOWLL�PDL�EXQL�FD�QRL�QH�EDWXUD�ELQH�VL�QH�VXLUD�vQ�GXEH����%DFH�%XOD��LDUD�QX�L�ELQH��0QHWDOH�OH�FDP�vQFXUFL�VL�QX�WL�PDL�DPLQWHVWL�FRUHFW�WRW�FH�D�IRVW��]LFH�vQYDWDWRDUHD��,HUWDWL�O��]LFH�%XOD�MU���WRYDUDVD�vQYDWDWRDUH�SH�EXQLFX��FD�HO�vQWRWGHDXQD�vQFXUFD�UDVFRDOD�FX�FROHFWLYL]DUHD������3URIHVRDUD�vL�vQWUHDED�SH�FRSLL�FH�PDQkQFD�HL�DFDVD�%XOD���&HDL�3URID�vL�VSXQH�FD�QX�H�ELQH��FD�R�VD�DLED�LQVSHFWLH�VL�FD�GDFD�vO�vQWUHDED�FH�PDQkQFD�VD�VSXQD�FD�PDQkQFD�IULSWXUD���$�GRXD�]L���LQVSHFWLH�,QVSHFWRUXO���&H�PvQFDWL�YRL�DFDVD��FRSLL"%XOD���)ULSWXUD��7RDWD�]LXD�IULSWXUD"�'D��6L�FkWD�IULSWXUD�PDQvQFL�WX��%XOD��VHDUD"�&DP�GRXD�FDQL����&LFD�V�D�GXV�%XOD�vQ�SDX]D�VL�D�VFULV�DSDVDW�SH�WDEOD���(X�VvQW�FHO�PDL�WDUH�EDUEDW��%XOD��ÌQYDWDWRDUHD��R�IHPHLH�WvQDUD�VL�GUDJXWD��LQWUD�vQ�FODVD��VH�XLWD�OD�WDEOD�VL�FLWHVWH��$SRL�vL�VSXQH�OXL�%XOD��'XSD�RUD��VD�PD�DVWHSWL�vQ�IDWD�FDQFHODULHL�ÌQ�SDX]D��vQDLQWH�GH�D�VH�GXFH�OD�FDQFHODULH��%XOD�OH�VSXQH�FROHJLORU��$WL�YD]XW��PDL�EDLHWL��FH�LPSRUWDQWD�HVWH�UHFODPD"���%XOD�D�WHUPLQDW���FODVH�VL�WDWDO�OXL��PkQGUX�GH�RGUDVOD�VD�D�KRWDUkW�VD�PHDUJD�OD�RUDV�VD�FDXWH�XQ�OLFHX�SH�PDVXUD�$�vQFHUFDW�FLWHYD�OLFHH�GDU�VWkQG�GH�YRUED�FX�GLUHFWRULL�VL�D�GDW�VHDPD�FD�QX�VXQW�SH�PDVXUD�ILXOXL�OXL�&DP�FkQG�VH�VDWXUDVH�GHMD�VD�PDL�vQFHUFH�VL�OD�DOWHOH��D�YD]XW�XQ�OLFHX�FH�VH�FKHPD��GH�VPHFKHUL��0LUDW��LQWUD�DFROR��PHUJH�OD�GLUHFWRU�VL�O�vQWUHDED�FXP�YLQH�DLD��VPHFKHU���$FHVWD�vL�VSXQH�FD�H�PDL�ELQH�VD�L�GHD�XQ�H[HPSOX�ÌL�GD�XQ�WRSRU�VL�O�SXQH�VD�L�ORYHDVFD�PkQD��GXSD�FH�R�DVH]DVH�SH�ELURX�7DWDO�OXL�%XOD�VH�FRGHVWH�GH�FkWHYD�RUL��GDU�vQ�FHOH�GLQ�XUPD�vVL�LD�LQLPD�vQ�GLQWL�VL�ULGLFD�WRSRUXO��&kQG�VD�ORYHDVFD�GLUHFWRUXO�D�WUDV�PkQD�VL�ELQHvQWHOHV�QX�D�SDWLW�QLPLF��6L�L�]LFH��(L��DL�vQWHOHV��DFX"%XFXURV�FD�D�JDVLW�vQ�VIkUVLW�XQ�OLFHX�SRWULYLW�SHQWUX�%XOD��PHUJH�DFDVD�VL�O�LD�SH�%XOD�GHRSDUWH�VSXQkQGX�L�GH�DFHVW�OLFHX�%XOD�SXQH�VL�HO�vQWUHEDUHD��&H�H�DLD�VPHFKHU"'XFLQGX�O�vQ�JUDGLQD�WDWDO�OXL�VSXQH��,D�WRSRUXO�VL�vQFHDUFD�VD�PL�ORYHVWL�PkQD��6L�QHJDVLQG�XQ�ORF�XQGH�VD�SXQD�PkQD�R�SXQH�vQ�FDS�

Page 39: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�'DU��WDWD��QX�VH�SRDWH��WH�YRL�ORYL��]LFH�%XOD�ÌQ�FHOH�GLQ�XUPD��GXSD�FkWHYD�LQVLVWHQWH��%XOD�VH�KRWDUHVWH�VL�ORYHVWH�7DWDO�OXL�%XOD�LD�PkQD��GDU����$SRL�PDPD�OXL�%XOD�vL�FKHDPD�OD�PDVD��%XOD�YLQH��VH�DVHD]D�VL�PDLFD�VD�vO�vQWUHDED��8QGH�HVWH�WDWDO�WDX"�(��)DFH�SH�VPHFKHUXO�vQ�JUDGLQD�����7DWD��WX�PL�DL�SRYHVWLW�FD�RGDWD�WH�DX�GDW�DIDUD�GH�OD�VFRDOD"�'D��%XOD��'DU�GH�FH�PD�vQWUHEL"�3HQWUX�FD�LVWRULD�VH�UHSHWD������%XOD�VH�GXFH��GXSD�RUH��OD�vQYDWDWRDUH��'RDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��YD�GDX�]HFH�PLL�GH�OHL�GDFD�YD�GDWL�MRV�EOX]D��9DL�%XOD��FXP�vQGUD]QHVWL"��'RDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��]HFH�PLL�GH�OHL�VXQW��WRWXVL��EDQL�ÌQYDWDWRDUHD�FHGHD]D�VL�%XOD�FRQWLQXD�VD�RIHUH�FDWH�]HFH�PLL�GH�OHL�SHQWUX�ILHFDUH�SLHVD�GH�YHVWLPHQWDWLH�$�GRXD�]L�OD�VFRDOD��GLUHFWRUXO��'RDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��Y�D�GDW�HOHYXO�%XOD��LHUL��VDODULX�SH�OXQD�DFHDVWD"���/D�RUD�GH�LVWRULH��OD�OXFUDUH�VH�FHUH�VD�VH�QXPHDVFD�XQVSUH]HFH�PDUL�SHUVRQDOLWDWL��/D�VIkUVLWXO�RUHL��SURIHVRDUD��%XOD��WX�GH�FH�QX�DL�SUHGDW�vQFD�OXFUDUHD�"�'RDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��QX�VWLX�SH�FLQH�VD�SXQ�SH�SRVW�GH�PLMORFDV�FHQWUDO������%XOD�SRYHVWHVWH�OD�VFRDOD�EDWDOLD�GH�OD�5RYLQH��0DPD��VD�IL�YD]XW�FH�HUD�DFROR��7XQXUL��VDJHWL��SXVWL����0DPD��L�DX�EDWXW�URPkQL�SD�WXUFL�GH�V�DX�FDFDW�SD�HL�'DU�GXSD�DLD�L�DX�EDWXW�WXUFLL�SD�URPkQL�GH�V�DX�FDFDW�SD�HL��DSRL�LDU�L�DX�EDWXW�URPkQL�SD�WXUFL�GH�V�DX�FDFDW�SD�HL�VL�LDU�WXUFLL�L�DX�EDWXW�SD�URPkQL�GH�V�DX����%LQH��ELQH�PD�%XOD��VL�FXP�V�D�WHUPLQDW�EDWDOLD�"�3DL��FkQG�D�YHQLW�SDGXUDUXO�VL�OH�D�]LV��,D�FDUDWL�YD�PD�GH�DLFL�FD�PL�DWL�vPSXWLW�SDGXUHD������%XOD��GHVSUH�FH�DWL�vQYDWDW�DVWD]L�OD�VFRDOD�"�'HVSUH�0RLVH���� FXP� D� FKHPDW� WRWL� JHQHUDOLL� OD� FDUWLHUXO� JHQHUDO� VL� D� GDW� SRUXQFD� VD� VH� SXQD� vQ� DOHUWD� WRDWH� WDQFXULOH� VLPDVLQLOH�EOLQGDWH����'DU�%XOD��HVWH�LPSRVLELO�FD�GRPQXO�SURIHVRU�VD�IL�VSXV�DVWIHO�GH�OXFUXUL��&UHGH�PD��PDPD��DVD�FXP�D�SRYHVWLW�GRPQXO�SURIHVRU��HUD�VL�PDL�LPSRVLELO����/D�VFRDOD��SURIHVRDUD�vL�]LFH�OXL�%XOD��$VFXOWD��FXP�GH�DXG�QXPDL�OXFUXUL�QHJDWLYH�GHVSUH�WLQH��EHL��IXPH]L��HVWL�DIHPHLDW��1LPLF�SR]LWLY�QX�DL�vQ�WLQH��%D�GD��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��VXQW�VHURSR]LWLY����3URIHVRDUD��%XOD��Q�DL�SURPLV�WX�FD�R�VD�ILL�FXPLQWH"�'D��GRDPQD����6L�QX�WL�DP�SURPLV�HX�FD�WH�YRL�SHGHSVL�GDFD�QX�YHL�IL�FXPLQWH"�'D��GRDPQD��vQVD�FXP�HX�QX�PL�DP�WLQXW�SURPLVLXQHD��QLFL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�QX�VXQWHWL�REOLJDWD�VD�YL�R�WLQHWL������%XOD�OD�VFRDOD��HVWH�vQWUHEDW�GH�SURIHVRU��0DL�%XOD��GDFD�vQ�DHU�VXQW�WUHL�SDVDUL�VL�WX�vPSXVWL�XQD��FkWH�PDL�UDPkQ"�1LFLXQD��GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU��ILLQGFD�FHOHODOWH�R�VD�VH�VSHULH�VL�YRU�IXJL��%LQH��UDVSXQVXO�FRUHFW�HUD�GRXD��vQVD�vPL�SODFH�FXP�JkQGHVWL����3HUPLWHWL�R�vQWUHEDUH��GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU"�VSXQH�%XOD����=L�PDL�%XOD����ÌQWU�XQ� PDJD]LQ� VXQW� WUHL� IHPHL� FDUH� PDQkQFD� vQJKHWDWD�� XQD� OLQJH� vQJKHWDWD�� DOWD� PXVFD� GLQ� HD�� VL� FHODODWD� VXJH� GLQvQJKHWDWD�&DUH�GLQ�HOH�HVWH�FDVDWRULWD"6WD�SURIX��VH�JkQGHVWH�VL�]LFH�vQWU�XQ�VIkUVLW��$LD�FDUH�VXJH�vQJKHWDWD�����%LQH��]LFH�%XOD��UDVSXQVXO�FRUHFW�HUD�DLD�FDUH�DUH�YHULJKHWD�SH�GHJHW��vQVD�vPL�SODFH�FXP�JkQGLWL������9DULDQWD���3URIHVRDUD�OD�VFRDOD��vQFHUFDQG�VD�VWLPXOH]H�PLQWLOH�VFRODULORU��D�vQWUHEDW��&H�HVWH�URVX�DSULQV�VL�VWUDOXFLWRU"%XOD�VDUH�VL�UDVSXQGH���8Q�FDPLRQ�GH�SRPSLHUL��"�

Page 40: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�1X��]LFH�SURIHVRDUD��GDU�LPL�SODFH�FXP�JLQGHVWL��$OWFLQHYD"0DULD�]LFH�8Q�PDU"�&RUHFW��]LFH�SURIHVRDUD�$SRL�%XOD�]LFH��$P�VL�HX�R�vQWUHEDUH���&H�HVWH�OXQJD��WDUH��URWXQMLWD��FX�SDU�OD�XQ�FDS��VL�R�EDJL�VL�VFRWL�GLQ�JXUD"""�%XOD�������WLSD�SURID���QRL�QX�YRUELP�DVD�DLFL����/D�FDUH�%XOD�]LFH��3HULXWD�GH�GLQWL������GDU�vPL�SODFH�FXP�JkQGHVWL�����9DULDQWD���%XOD�OD�VFRDOD��3URIHVRDUD�GHVHQHD]D�XQ�SDWUDW�VL�vQWUHDED��&LQH�SRDWH�VD�PL�VSXQD�FH�L�DVWD"%XOD��'RDPQD�SURIHVRDUD�DLD�HVWH�R�FDVD�IDUD�DFRSHULV�3URIHVRDUD��1X�HVWH�R�FDVD�IDUD�DFRSHULV�HVWH�XQ�SDWUDW�GDU�vPL�SODFH�FXP�JkQGHVWL�$�GRXD�]L�SURIHVRDUD�GHVHQHD]D�XQ�WULXQJKL�VL�vQWUHDED��&LQH�SRDWH�VD�PL�VSXQD�FH�L�DVWD"%XOD��'RDPQD�SURIHVRDUD�DLD�HVWH�DFRSHULVXO�XQHL�FDVH��1X�HVWH�DFRSHULVXO�XQHL�FDVH�GDU�vPL�SODFH�FXP�JkQGHVWL�$�WUHLD�]L�%XOD�vQWUHDED��'RDPQD�SURIHVRDUD�FH�HVWH�PLF�FX�FDSXO�URVX"$WXQFL�SURIHVRDUD�]LFH��1HVLPWLWXOH�GXWH�OD�GLUHFWRU�DFXP�VL�YLQR�FX�SDULQWL�OD�VFRDOD���%XOD�]LFH��5DVSXQVXO�HVWH�FKLEULWXO�GDU�vPL�SODFH�FXP�JkQGLWL������%XOD�QX�VWLD�FDUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�EDUEDW�VL�IHPHLH�VL�QLPHQL�QX�YURLD�VD�L�VSXQD��ÌO�vQWUHDED�SH�vQYDWDWRU�ÌQYDWDWRUXO��%XOD��FH�QU��SRDUWD�WDWDO�WDX�OD�SDQWRIL�"�����'DU�PDPD�WD�"�����9H]L��%XOD��GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�EDUEDW�VL�IHPHLH�HVWH�vQWUH�SLFLRDUH����%XOD�FLFD�PHUJHD�OD�VFRDOD��7UHFH�HO�SH�OkQJD�XQ�VDQWLHU�SXQH�ODED�SH�R�FDUDPLGD��/D�VFRDOD��VH�vQWRDUFH�SURID�VD�VFULH�SHWDEOD�SDF�%XOD�GD�FX�FDUDPLGD�Q�HD��6H�QWRDUFH�SURID��%XOD��WX�DL�GDW���6D�PRDUD�PDPD�GDFD�DP�GDW��6D�GXFH�%XOD�DFDVD��PD�VD�PRDUWD��$�GRXD�]L�VH�GXFH�%XOD��LD�FDUDPLGD��SDF�GD�FX�HD�GXSD�SURID��%XOD��WX�DL�GDW���6D�PRDUD�VRU�PHD�GDFD�DP�GDW��6D�GXFH�%XOD�DFDVD��VRUD�VD�PRDUWD��$�WUHLD�]L�VH�GXFH�%XOD��LD�FDUDPLGD��SDF�GD�FX�HD�GLQ�QRX��6H�QWRDUFH�SURID��%XOD�WX�DL�GDW���6D�PRDUD�WDLFD�PLX�GDFD�DP�GDW��6D�GXFH�%XOD�DFDVD��WDLFD�VX�IDFHD�EDJDMHOH��&H�IDFL�WDWD�"�1H�PXWDP�GUDFX�GH�DLFL��$�PXULW�PDWD��D�PXULW�VRUD�WD��D]L�D�PXULW�VL�YHFLQX����%XOD�QHGXPHULW�GXSD�VFRDOD�vVL�vQWUHDED�WDWDO��7DWD��FDUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�SURVSHULWDWH�VL�FUL]D"�vQWUHDED�%XOD��(� VLPSOX�� %XOD�� 3URVSHULWDWH� vQVHDPQD� 0HUFHGHV�� VDPSDQLH�� YLOD� OD� 6QDJRY�� DPDQWD�� &UL]D� vQVHDPQD� PHWURX�� VLIRQ�JDUVRQLHUD�vQ�)HUHQWDUL��PD�WD����%XOD�D�vQYDWDW�OD�VFRDOD�GHVSUH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�WHRULH�VL�SUDFWLFD�GDU�QX�D�vQWHOHV�PDL�QLPLF��6H�GXFH�OD�WDLFD�VX�VL�vO�URDJDVD�L�H[SOLFH�7DWD�FKHDPD�SDUWHD�IHPLQLQD��QHYDVWD��ILLFD�VL�VRDFUD��%DL�QHYDVWD�GDFD�XQ�DUDE�WL�DU�GD�R�PLH�GH�SDUDL�WH�DL�FXOFD�FX�HO"�'D�EDUEDWH�FD�QH�DP�SXQH�IDLDQWD�vQ�EDLH��DP�SXQH�SDUFKHW�SH�MRV����%DL�IDWD�WDWLL�GDFD�XQ�DUDE�WL�DU�GD�R�PLH�GH�SDUDL�WH�DL�FXOFD�FX�HO"

Page 41: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�'D�WDWD�FD�PL�DV�OXD�EOXJL�VL�JHDFD�VL�P�DV�GXFH�OD�WXUFL����%DL�PDPD�VRDFUD�GDFD�XQ�DUDE�WL�DU�GD�R�PLH�GH�SDUDL�WH�DL�FXOFD�FX�HO"�'D�EDLHWH�FD�DV�OXD�R�PDVLQD�GH�VSDODW�VL�YDVH�=HSWHU����9H]L�PD�%XOD�FDUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�WHRULH�VL�SUDFWLFD"�6LQFHU�VD�ILX��WRW�QX�vQWHOHJ��(�VLPSOX��PD��%XOD��ÌQ�WHRULH�DYHP�WUHL�PLL�GH�SDUDL�GDU�vQ�SUDFWLFD�DYHP�WUHL�FXUYH����%XOD�OD�VFRDOD�HVWH�LQWHUSHODW�GH�SURIHVRDUD���FH�L�GUHSW��FDP�EXQXWD��0DL�%XOD��GH�FH�QX�HVWL�DWHQW�OD�OHFWLH"�1X�PD�SRW�FRQFHQWUD��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD����3DL�GH�FH��PDL�%XOD"�0�DP�vQGUDJRVWLW����3DL�GH�FLQH�]LFL�WX�FD�WH�DL�vQGUDJRVWLW"�3DL�GH�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��GRDPQD����0DL�%XOD��DVD�FHYD�QX�VH�SRDWH���QRUPDO��vQWU�R�]L�PD�YRL�FDVDWRUL�VL�HX�FX�XQ�EDUEDW��GDU�vQ�QLFL�XQ�FD]�QX�P�DP�JkQGLW�ODXQ�FRSLO����1LFL�R�SUREOHPD��GRDPQD��YRP�IRORVL�SUH]HUYDWLYXO�������'RDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��VXQW�vQGUDJRVWLW�GH�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��%XOD����(X�QX�PL�GRUHVF�FRSLL��1X�L�QLPLF��GRDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��9RL�DYHD�HX�JULMD�GH�DVWD����%XOD�HUD�WDUH� vQWULVWDW�FD�WRWL�FROHJLL� OXL�FUHGHDX�FD�DUH�IDWD�GH�FXU��$VD�FD�vQWU�R�]L� vQWRUFDQGX�VH�GH�OD�VFRDOD�� vL� VSXQHPDVLL��0DPLFDDDD��vKk��FROHJLL�PL�VSXQ�FD�DP�IDWWDD�GH�FXXXU���&XP�DVD��%XOLF�DO�PDPHL"�7X��IDWD�GH�FXU"�7X�HVWL�EDLDW�vQDOW��IUXPRV��GHVWHSW��'DU��SkQD�XQD�DOWD��LD�GX�WH�SkQ�OD�SkLQH�VLLD�PL�YUHR����FKLIOH�6H�GXFH�%XOD��3H�GUXP��YHGH�vQVD�XQ�FDQDO�FX�FKHSHQJXO�GHSODVDW��VL�FXULRV�ILLQG�VD�VWLH�FH�HUD�vQDXQWUXO�EDJD�FDSXO�VL�VH�XLWD�&DQG�GH�DFROR��XQ�PXQFLWRU�vL�VWULJD��&H�S D�PDWLL��PDL�EDLHWH"�7RFPDL�DLFL�vWL�YLQH�WLH�VD�WH�FDFL"�1X�YH]L�QDLELL��FD�VH�OXFUHD]D"���/D�VFRDOD��vQYDWDWRDUHD�vL�vQWUHDED�SH�FRSLL�FH�RFXSDWLH�DX�WDWLL�ORU��&kQG�YLQH�VL�UkQGXO�OXL�%XOD�DFHVWD�VSXQH��'LQ�SDFDWH�WDWDO�PHX�HVWH�GHFHGDW��'DU�LQDLQWH�GH�D�PXUL�FH�D�IDFXW"�vQWUHDED�vQYDWDWRDUHD�6�D�vQYLQHWLW��D�GDW�RFKLL�SHVWH�FDS�VL�D�FD]XW����/D�VFRDOD�FRSLL�VXQW�vQWUHEDWL�FH�VXQW�WDWLL�ORU�GH�PHVHULH��,RQHO��7DWDO�PHX�HVWH�LQJLQHU�FRQVWUXFWRU��)RDUWH�ELQH�,RQHO��FH�IDFH�HO"�&RQVWUXLHVWH�FDVH�VL�EORFXUL�*LJHO�VSXQH��7DWDO�PHX�HVWH�DUKHRORJ��)RDUWH�ELQH�*LJHO��VL�FH�IDFH�HO"�6DSDWXUL�DUKHRORJLFH�%XOD�FkQG�HVWH�vQWUHEDW�VL�HO��7DWDO�PHX�H�SURFXURU��%LQH�%XOD��IRDUWH�ELQH��FH�IDFH�HO"�3DL��SURFXUD��WLJDUL��FDIHD��ZKLVNL������/D�VFRDOD�SURIHVRDUD�vL�SXQH�SH�HOHYL�VD�IDFD��FD�WHPD�GH�FDVD��R�FRPSXQHUH�FX�WLWOXO��0DPD�H�QXPDL�XQD��$�GRXD�]L�,RQHO�HVWH�UXJDW�VD�VL�FLWHDVFD�FRPSXQHUHD�OXL��0DPD�H�QXPDL�XQD���2GDWD�YHQHDP�GH�OD�MRDFD�VL�OD�PLQH�vQ�FDPHUD�DP�JDVLW�R�PLQJH�PDUH��PL�D�FXPSDUDW�R�PDPD��PDPD�H�QXPDL�XQD�*LJHO�XUPDWRUXO��0DPD�H�QXPDL�XQD���0D�SOLPEDP�FX�PDPD�SULQ�RUDV� VL� vQWU�R�YLWULQD�DP�YD]XW�R�ELFLFOHWD� IUXPRDVD��D�YD]XW�PDPD�FD� vPL�SODFH� WDUH� VL�PL�DFXPSDUDW�R��PDPD�H�QXPDL�XQD�%XOD�DFXP�HVWH�UkQGXO�WDX���0DPD�H�QXPDL�XQD���2GDWD� YHQHDP� IODPkQG� GH� OD� VFRDOD�� VL� LQWUX� vQ� FDVD� VL� VWULJ� �PDPDDD�PL�H� IRDPH�� OD� FDUH�PDPD� vPL� VSXQH�� YH]L� FD� vQIULJLGHU�VLQW�WUHL�FKLIWHOH��GHVFKLG�IULJLGHUXO��PDPDDD�H�QXPDL�XQD�����/D�RUD�GH�JUDPDWLFD��vQYDWDWRDUHD�FHUH�HOHYLORU�H[HPSOH�GH�VXEVWDQWLYH�FRPXQH��SUDFWLF�FRPHVWLELOH��(OHYLL�VH�vQJKHVXLHVFVD�UDVSXQGD�0LUFHD��3kLQH�3URIHVRDUD��%LQH��DOWFLQHYD����

Page 42: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

%XOD��/DPSD�3URIHVRDUD��'D�ELQH��%XOD��GH�FH�QX�WH�JkQGHVWL�SXWLQ��$L�DX]LW�SH�FLQHYD�VD�PDQkQFH�ODPSL"%XOD��'D����2�GDWD�FDQG�QH�DP�FXOFDW��WDWD�L�D�VSXV�PDPHL��6WLQJH�ODPSD�VL�LD�R�vQ�JXUD�����%XOD�OD�RUD�GH�]RRORJLH���SURID�vQWUHDED�GH�FH�EURDVFD�DUH�RFKLL�EXOEXFDWL��8QXO�VLQJXU�ULGLFD�PkQD�VL�DFHOD�HVWH�%XOD��,D�]L�%XOD��VWLL�VD�UDVSXQ]L�OD�vQWUHEDUHD�PHD"�'HVLJXU��EURDVFD�DUH�RFKLL�EXOEXFDWL�GHRDUHFH�D�YD]XW�FXP�XQ�FDVDORW�YLROD�R�SODWLFD����1X�WL�H�UXVLQH�%XOD"�KDL�OD�GLUHFWRU���ÌO�GXFH�OD�GLUHFWRU��LDU�DFHVWD�vO�DSRVWURIHD]D��%XOD�LPSDVLELO�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�GLUHFWRU��'XPQHDYRDVWUD�VWLWL�GH�FH�SODWLFD�HVWH�SODWD"�1X�%XOD��GH�FH"�)LLQGFD�R�YLROD�XQ�FDVDORW�����%XOD�YLQH�GH�OD�VFRDOD�FDWUDQLW�IRF��7DWDVX�vO�YHGH�VL�O�vQWUHDED��&H�L�EDL�GH�HVWL�DVD�VXFDULW"�3DL�PL�D�GDW�SURID�GRL�FD�Q�DP�VWLXW�FDUH�L�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH��EDL��VL��FDWDVWURID���(��GD�O�GUDFX�GH�GRL��FD�QX�L�SULPX��'D�SHQWUX�FXOWXUD�WD�JHQQHUDOD��KDL�VD�WL�VSXQ�HX��8LWH�XQ�H[HPSOX�GDFD�PkLQH�QH�PRDUH�VFURDID�GLQ�FRWHW��DWXQFL�H�EDL�PDUH��'D�QX�L�FKLDU�R�FDWDVWURID��ÌQ�VFKLPE��GDFD�PLLQH�VH�SUDEXVHVWHHOLFRSWHUX�SUH]LGHQWLDO�FX�WRW�FX�,OLHVFX�vQDXQWUX��DSRL�DVWD�L�R�PDUH�FDWDVWURID��'D�QX�L�EDL������3URID�GH�ELRORJLH�vO�URDJD�SH�%XOD�VD�SUHGHD�vQ�ORFXO�HL�3ULPD�OHFWLH��$SDUDWXO�JHQLWDO�OD�EDUEDWL�6H�GH]EUDFD��DUDWD��H[SOLFD��FkQG�VD�VL�WUDJD�VOLWXO��YLQH�SURID��&H�IDFL�ED"�/LSVD�GH�PDWHULDO�GLGDFWLF��%LQH��VD�WH�YDG�PkLQH�$�GRXD�OHFWLH��$SDUDWXO�JHQLWDO�OD�IHPHL��$QFXWD��YLQR�QFRD�2�GH]EUDFD��DUDWD��H[SOLFD��YLQH�VL�SURID��&H�DL�IDFXW�%XOD"�/LSVD�GH�PDWHULDO�GLGDFWLF��6D�WH�YDG�PkLQH�$�WUHLD�OHFWLH��5HSURGXFWLD��$UDWD��H[SOLFD��OD�VIkUVLWXO�RUHL�OXFUDUH�GH�FRQWURO���SUDFWLFD���/D�VIkUVLWXO�RUHL�YLQH�SURID��&H�DL�IDFXW�%XOD��QHQRURFLWXOH"��/H�DP�GDW�OXFUDUH�GH�FRQWURO��%LQH��GDU�FHL�GLQ�XOWLPD�EDQFD"��ODED��/H�DP�VFKLPEDW�VXELHFWXO�FD�DX�vQFHUFDW�VD�FRSLH]H����/D�RUD�GH�5RPDQD�VH�DMXQVHVH�OD�VWXGLXO�EDODGHL�0LRULWD��3URIHVRDUD�VROLFLWD�HOHYLORU�VD�UHFLWH�SH�UkQG�GLQ�EDODGD�,RQHO��3H�XQ�SLFLRU�GH�SODL3H�R�JXUD�GH�UDL,DWD�YLQ�vQ�FDOH6H�FRERU�OD�YDOH���&RQWLQXD�0DULRDUD��&RVWHO��*LJHO�DMXQJH�OD��0LRULWD�ODLH��ODLH�EXFDODLH'H�WUHL�]LOH�QFRDFH*XUD�QX�L�PDL�WDFH,DUED�QX�L�PDL�SODFH'XSD�FDUH��FXP�QLPHQL���FD�GH�RELFHL�QX�vQYDWDVH�SRH]LD�vQ�vQWUHJLPH��WUHDED�FX�UHFLWDWXO�VH�EORFKHD]D��VLQJXUXO�FX�PkQD�SHVXV�ILLQG�%XODSH�FDUH�SURIHVRDUD�O�HYLWDVH�SkQD�OD�PRPHQWXO�UHVSHFWLY��'H�GDWD�DVWD�H�QHYRLWD�VD�O�VROLFLWH%XOD��1X�PDQkQFD�VL�QX�EHD6�R�WDLHP�vQ�S D�PHD����/D� RUD� GH� SVLKRORJLH� SURIHVRUXO� SUH]LQWD� HOHYLORU� FHOH� WUHL� VWDUL� DOH� SVLKLFXOXL� XPDQ�� VWDUHD� GH� FDOP�� GH� LULWDUH� VL� GHHQHUYDUH�6FRDWH�XQ�FHOXODU��IRUPHD]D�XQ�QXPDU�GH�WHOHIRQ�VL�VSXQH��$OR��EXQD�VHDUD��DV�GRUL�FX�*LFD��VSXVH�SURIHVRUXO��*LFD�QX�ORFXLHVWH�DLFL��VSXQH�SHUVRDQD���FX�FDOP��$FHDVWD�D�IRVW�VWDUHD�GH�FDOP��VSXVH�SURIHVRUXO��)RUPHD]D�DFHODVL�QXPDU�GH�WHOHIRQ�VL�VSXQH��$OR��EXQD�VHDUD��*LFD�HVWH�DFDVD"�'RPQXOH�Y�DP�PDL�VSXV��*LFD�QX�ORFXLHVWH�DLFD��VSXVH�DFHHDVL�SHUVRDQD��FX�LULWDUH��

Page 43: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

3URIHVRUXO�VSXQH��$FHDVWD�D�IRVW�VWDUHD�GH�LULWDUH��)RUPHD]D�SHQWUX�D�WUHLD�RDUD�DFHODVL�QXPDU�GH�WHOHIRQ�VL�VSXVH��$OR��EXQD�VHDUD��*LFD�HVWH�DFDVD�"3HUVRDQD��GH�D�GUHSWXO�HQHUYDWD�vL�VSXQH��'RPQXOH��ILU�DL�WX�VD�ILL����QX�HVWH�QLFL�XQ�*LFD�DLFL���� �$FHVWHD�DX�IRVW�FHOH�WUHL�VWDUL�%XOD��XQ�HOHY�LQWHOLJHQW�YLQH�GLQ�VSDWH�VL�]LFH��0DL�H[LVWD�R�VWDUH�vQ�SVLKLFXO�XPDQ��R�VWDUH�GH�GLVSHUDUH��,D�WHOHIRQXO��IRUPHD]D�DFVODVL�QXPDU�VL�VSXQH��$OR��DLFL�*LFD��P�D�FDXWDW�FLQHYD"������/D�VFRDOD�SURIHVRDUD�vQWUHDED�FDUH�HVWH�FHO�PDL�XVRU�RELHFW�GLQ�OXPH��7RWL�FRSLL�UDVSXQG��XQXO�]LFH�R�SDQD��DOWXO�XQ�IXOJHWF�%XOD�UDVSXQGH���S D��'H�FH�PDL�%XOD�"�]LFH�SURID��3HQWUX�FD�QXPDL�FX�JkQGXO�VL�R�SRWL�ULGLFD�3URIHVRDUD�vQWUHDED�DSRL�FDUH�HVWH�FHO�PDL�JUHX�RELHFW�GLQ�OXPH��7RWL�FRSLL�UDVSXQG���XQXO�]LFH�XQ�WDQF��DOWXO�XQ�EORF�HWF�%XOD�UDVSXQGH���S D��'H�FH�PDL�%XOD�"�]LFH�SURID��&D�SULPD�GDWD�DL�]LV�FD�H�FHO�PDL�XVRU�RELHFW��3HQWUX�FD�GDFD�QX�YUHD�HD�QLFL�FX�PDFDUDXD�QX�R�SRWL�ULGLFD����/D�RUD�GH�]RRORJLH�SURIHVRDUD�vL�SXQH�SH�FRSLL�VD�GHD�H[HPSOH�GH�DQLPDOH�%XOD�FX�PkQD�SH�VXV����3URIHVRDUD��,D�]L�PDL��%XOLFD��QLVWH�DQLPDOH�%XOD���8UVXOHW��YXOSLWD��OXSXVRU��FDWHOXV��LHSXUDV���3�%LQH�PDL�%XOD��GD�PDL�ODVD�OH�'UDFXOXL�GH�GLPLQXWLYH��%�9HYHUD��OLFXUH��SUHSHOD��JDUJDUH��FkUWD��FRURSLVQD������%XOD�YLQH�vQWU�R�]L�FX�RFKLXO�XPIODW�OD�VFRDOD��3URID�vO�vQWUHDED�FH�D�SDWLW��3DL��VWLWL��VXQWHP�R�IDPLOLH�VDUDFD��VL�HX�FX�PDPD�VL�FX�WDWD�GRUPLP�vQ�DFHODVL�SDW��6L"�3DL��DVHDUD�WDWD�PD�vQWUHDED���%XOD�GRUPL"��OD�FDUH�HX�]LF��QX���VL�DWXQFL�WDWD�vPL�GD�XQ�SXPQ�vQ�RFKL����9H]L��]LFH�SURID��GDFD�GLVHDUD�WDF�WX�WH�vQWUHDED�GLQ�QRX��WX�VD�WDFL��DL�vQWHOHV�%XOD"�%LQH�GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��DVD�DP�VD�IDF���$�GRXD�]L�%XOD�YLQH�FX�DPkQGRL�RFKLL�XPIODWL����&H�DL�SDWLW��Q�DL�IDFXW�FXP�WL�DP�]LV"�%D�GD��FXP�QX��DVD�DP�IDFXW��0�R�vQWUHEDW�WDWD�GDFD�GRUP�VL�HX�DP�WDFXW�GLQ�JXUD��$SRL�O�DP�DX]LW�SH�WDWD�]LFkQG���KDL���ODFDUH�HX�DP�vQWUHEDW��XQGH"�$�WUHLD�]L�%XOD�YLQH�FX�WRWL�WUHL�RFKLL�XPIODWL����&H�DL�SDWLW��Q�DL�IDFXW�FXP�WL�DP�]LV"�%D�GD��FXP�QX��DVD�DP�IDFXW��0�R�vQWUHEDW�WDWD�GDFD�GRUP�VL�HX�DP�WDFXW�GLQ�JXUD��$SRL�O�DP�DX]LW�SH�WDWD�]LFkQG���KDL���VLHX�DP�WDFXW�GLQ�JXUD�VL�GXSD�XQ�WLPS�DP�DX]LW�R�SH�PDPD���DK��PD�PDQkQFD���VL�SH�WDWD���DK��PD�PDQkQFD����6L�DWXQFL�DP�LHVLW�vQ�EDOFRQ�VL�DPvQFHSXW�VD�XUOX��6DULWL�FD�QH�PDQkQFD�SH�WRWL��8UPDWRDUHD�]L�%XOD�YLQH�VL�PDL�EDWXW�OD�VFRDOD��3URIHVRDUD��%XOD�FH�V�D�PDL�vQWkPSODW"�3DL���VWLWL���DVHDUD�FkQG�WDWD�P�D�vQWUHEDW�GDFD�GRUP�HX�DP�WDFXW����6L"�6L�FkQG�D�]LV�KDL�HX�DP�WDFXW����6L"�6L�FkQG�PDPD�D�]LV�FD�R�PDQkQFD�HX�DP�WDFXW����6L"�6L�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�PDPD�]LFH�����6H�GHVFKLGH�JDUD������LDU�WDWD���9LQH�WUHQXO���VL�HX�DWXQFL�DP�WLSDW�����6723��%LOHWHOH�ODFRQWURO��������ÌQYDWDWRDUHD�vO�vQWUHDED�SD�WDWDO�OXL�%XOD�GH�FH�QX�PDL�YLQH�ILXVX�OD�VFRDOD��(X�QX�O�PDL�ODV��'LQ�FH�PRWLY"�3DL�DP�FLWLW�vQ�]LDU�FD�OD�%XFXUHVWL�O�DX�RPRUkW�SH�XQX�GHRDUHFH�VWLD�SUHD�PXOWH����7RDPQD��vQ�SULPD�]L�GH�VFRDOD��vQYDWDWRDUHD��vL�LQWUHDED�SH�FRSLL��XQGH�VL�FXP�VL�DX�SHWUHFXW�YDFDQWD���

Page 44: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

&RVWHO�D�IRVW�OD�PDUH�FX�WDWD��D�vQYDWDW�VD�vQRDWH��0RQLFD�D�IRVW�OD�PXQWH�FX�PDPD�VL�R�SULHWHQD��DX�IDFXW�H[FXUVLL�,DU�%XOD�D�IRVW�OD�WDUD�OD�EXQLFD��)RDUWH�HQWX]LDVPDW�D�vQFHSXW�VD�SRYHVWHDVFD��%XQLFD�DUH�JDLQL��UDWH�VL�GRXD�YDFL�XQD�URVLH�VL�XQD�DOED��6L�VWLWL����vQWU�R�]L�D�YHQLW�WDXUXO�GH�OD�FRPXQD�VL�D�I W�YDFD�URVLH��9DL�GH�PLQH��%XOD�FXP�SRWL�YRUEL�DVD�XUkW��LHVL�DIDUD�VL�vQ�SDX]D�VD�YLL�OD�PLQH�vQ�FDQFHODULH�)RDUWH�VXSDUDWD�vQYDWDWRDUHD�vQ�SDX]D�vO�FHDUWD�VL�L�VSXQH��6WLX�FD�HVWL�XQ�FRSLO�HPDQFLSDW�GDU�QX�VH�YRUEHVWH�DVD�vQ�IDWD�FRSLLORU�7UHEXLD�VD�VSXL�VL�WX����FD�L�D�IDFXW�R�68535,=$�VL�HX�vQWHOHJHDP��%LQH�GRDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��vPL�SDUH�UDX�R�VD�ILX�DWHQW�DOWDGDWD�ÌQ�WRDPQD�XUPDWRDUH��vQ�SULPD�]L�GH�VFRDOD�vQYDWDWRDUHD�LDUDVL�vQWUHDED�FRSLL��FXP�VL�DX�SHWUHFXW�YDFDQWD��&RVWHO�GH�GDWD�DVWDD�IRVW�OD�PXQWH�0RQLFD�OD�PDUH��LDU�%XOD�WRW�OD�EXQLFD��3H� ODQJD� DQLPDOHOH� FH� OH�D� DYXW�� EXQLFD� DUH� VL� LHSXUL� DFXP�� 6L� VWLWL����� LDUDVL� D� YHQLW� WDXUXO� GH� OD� FRPXQD� VL� D� IDFXW� R68535,=$�OD�YDFD�URVLH����D�I W�R�SH�YDFD�DOED�����/D�VFRDOD��vQYDWDWRDUHD�FDWUH�HOHYL���&LQH�VWLH�FDUH�HVWH�FHD�PDL�SXWHUQLFD�PRQHGD�GLQ�OXPH"$OD�HX��DOD�HX��5DVSXQGH�,RQHO�'RODUXO�DPHULFDQ��)RDUWH�ELQH��,RQHO��$UJXPHQWHD]D����3DL�WDWD�PL�D�VSXV�FD�GDFD�HVWL�vQ�$PHULFD�VL�DL�GRODUL��SRWL�VD�IDFL�RULFH���'D��QX�L�UDX��$FXPD�UDVSXQGH�VL�WX��9DVLOLFD��/LUD�VWHUOLQD��6L�WX�DL�GUHSWDWH��VSXQH�GH�FH��3HQWUX�FD�R�OLUD�VWHUOLQD�YDORUHD]D�GRL�GRODUL�DPHULFDQL��GHFL�HVWH�PDL�PDUH��)RDUWH�ELQH�ÌQWUH�WLPS�%XOD�H�VL�HO�WRW�FX�PkQD�SH�VXV��%XOD��VSXQH��&HD�PDL�SXWHUQLFD�PRQHGD�H�FLRFDQXO�OLEDQH]��&XP�DGLFD�PDL�%XOD��FH�H�DLD�FLRFDQXO�OLEDQH]"�3DL�HX�DVD�O�DP�DX]LW�SH�WDWD�]LFkQGX�L�OXL�VRUD�PHD�DVHDUD���,D�PDL�GX�WH�GUDJD�SH�OD�OLEDQH]XO�DOD�VD�WL�GHD�QLVWH�FLRFDQH��VDQH�OXDP�VL�QRL�PDVLQD�������,QVSHFWLH�OD�VFRDOD�XQGH�vQYDWD�%XOD��2UD�GH�GHVHQ��,QVSHFWRUXO�vQWUHDED��(L�FLQH�QH�SRDWH�GHVHQD�SH�WDEOD�R�FDVD�"�%XOD��HX��HX��HX����6H�GXFH�OD�WDEOD�VL�GHVHQHD]D�XQ�SDWUDW��,QVSHFWRUX�JkQGHVWH���LDWD�R�YL]LXQH�QDLYD��GDU�FX�DFFHQWH�FXELVWH���%UDYR�%XOD��GDU�XQ�SRP�SRWL�IDFH�"�%XOD�GHVHQHD]D�DODWXUL�XQ�SDWUDW�LGHQWLF�ÌQ�PLQWHD�OXL��LQVSHFWRUXO��DWULEXLH�VL�DFHDVWD�XQHL�YL]LXQL�DEVWUDFWH��SURPLWDWRDUH��%LQH�%XOD��ID�VL�R�SLVLFD�DODWXUL���%XOD�LD�FUHWD�vQFHSH�VD�GHVHQH]H�XQ�DOW�SDWUDW�LGHQWLF�FX�SULPHOH��VH�RSUHVWH�OD�XQ�PRPHQWGDW�VL�L]EXFQHVWH�vQ�SOkQV��1X�VWLX�SLVLFDDDDD�������/D�VFRDOD��%XOD��FkW�IDF�VDVH�SOXV�FLQFL"%XOD��EDJD�PkLQLOH�vQ�EX]XQDUH��vQFHSH�VD�VRFRWHDVFD�SH�GHJHWH�GXSD�FDUH�UDVSXQGH��8QVSUH]HFH����3URIHVRUXO�GH�LVWRULH��6SXQH�PL��%XOD��FH�HYHQLPHQW�PDUFDQW�D�DYXW�ORF�vQ�DQXO�����"�6�D�QDVFXW�OD�6FRUQLFHVWL�WRYDUDVXO�1LFRODH�&HDXVHVFX��LXELWXO�QRVWUX�SUHVHGLQWH��)RDUWH�ELQH��'DU�vQ�����"'XSD�XQ�VFXUW�WLPS�GH�JkQGLUH��%XOD�UDVSXQGH��6�DX�VDUEDWRULW����GH�DQL�GH�OD�QDVWHUHD�WRYDUDVXOXL�1LFRODH�&HDXVHVFX�������&LFD�VH�GXFH�SURID�OD�VFRDOD�vQWU�R�]L���LQWUD�vQ�FODVD�VL�VSXQH��%XQD�]LXD��FRSLL�,DU�FRSLL�vL�UDVSXQG��%XQD�]LXD�PHD�$X]LQG�DVWD��VH�RIWLFD�SURID��GD�SkQD�OD�VIkUVLWX�]LOHL�vL�WUHFH����D�GRXD�]L��%XQD�]LXD��FRSLL��%XQD�]LXD�PHD�6H�RIWLFD�DVWD�UDX��SUHJDWHVWH�FHUHUH�GH�GHPLVLH��YLQH�D�WUHLD�]L�

Page 45: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�%XQD�]LXD��FRSLL���%XQD�]LXD�$VWD�IHULFLWD�VH�XLWD�SULQ�FODVD�����VL�����QX�O�YHGH�SH�%XOD����/H�]LFH�HOHYLORU��&RSLL��PkLQH�FkQG�YLQ�VL�]LF��EXQD�]LXD��YRL�VD�WDFHWL�GLQ�JXUD�VL�VD�O�ODVDWL�QXPDL�SH�%XOD�VD�]LFD���=LV�VL�IDFXW���=LXD�XUPDWRDUH��%XQD�]LXD��FRSLL�/D�FDUH�%XOD��'X�WH�Q�S D�PHD�����%XOD��FH�DWL�IDFXW�D]L�OD�VFRDOD"�$P�DYXW�RUD�GH�FKLPLH��VL�DP�IDFXW�R�ERPED��6L�PkLQH�FH�R�VD�IDFHWL"�8QGH"����%XOD��GH�FH�QX�VFULL"�(X�QX�DUH�FUHLRQ��GRDPQD��1X�H�FRUHFW�VD�VSXL��HX�QX�DUH�FUHLRQ���)LL�DWHQW��VH�SURQXQWD�DVWIHO���HX�QX�DP�FUHLRQ��WX�QX�DL�FUHLRQ��HO�QX�DUH�FUHLRQ��QRLQX�DYHP�FUHLRDQH�����'DU�FLQH�GUDFX�D�VXWLW�WRDWH�FUHLRDQHOH"���/D�VFRDOD��vQ�FODVD�OXL�%XOD��RUD�GHVFKLVD�OD�/LPED�URPkQD��7HPD���IRUPDUHD�GH�SURSR]LWLL�FDUH�VD�FRQWLQD�YHUEXO��D�WHVH��5DVSXQGH�0DULRDUD��0DPD�WHVH�IUXPRV�3URIHVRDUD��%UDYR��VWDL�MRV�5DVSXQGH�,RQHO��6RUD�PHD�QH�WHVH�WRWL�FLRUDSLL��%UDYR��VWDL�MRV�%XOD�� FD� GH� RELFHL�� HVWH� HYLWDW� GH� SURIHVRDUD�� SHQWUX� D� QX� VSXQH� R� WkPSHQLH�� (O� LQVLVWD� VL�� SkQD� OD� XUPD�� SURIHVRDUD� HVWHQHYRLWD�VD�O�ODVH�VL�SH�HO�VD�UDVSXQGD��0DPD�PL�D�FXPSDUDW�FKLORWL��GDU�VXQW�SUHD�PDUL��3DL�ELQH��%XOD��XQGH�HVWH�FXYvQWXO��WHVH�"��3DL�VXQW�DWvW�GH�PDUL�GH�W�LHVH�S D�GLQ�HL����9LQH�%XOD�OD�VFRDOD��3URIHVRDUD��%XOD��XQGH�DL�IRVW�LHUL"�'H�FH�Q�DL�YHQLW�OD�VFRDOD"�,HUL�QH�D�DUV�FDVD��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��%LQH��GD�DODOWDLHUL"�$ODOWDLHUL�D�WUHEXLW�VD�VFRDWHP�PRELOD�GLQ�FDVD������ÌQYDWDWRDUHD�VFULH�SH�WDEOD����� �%XOD��VSXQH�WX�FDUH�H�UH]XOWDWXO��0HFL�QXO��GRDPQD����3URIHVRUXO�SDUFXUJH�FX�SULYLUHD�FDWDORJXO�%XOD�vQWUHDED�vQWUHDED�FX�YRFH�WDUH��9UHDX�VD�YD�vQWUHE�FHYD��GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU��7H�URJ��%XOD��3RDWH�IL�SHGHSVLW�FLQHYD�SHQWUX�XQ�IDSW�SH�FDUH�QX�O�D�VDYkUVLW"�1X��$WXQFL��YD�URJ�IUXPRV��VD�QX�PD�VDQFWLRQDWL�ILLQGFD�QX�PL�DP�vQYDWDW�OHFWLD�SH�]LXD�GH�D]L����3ULPD�]L�GH�VFRDOD��%XOD�VH�vQWRDUFD�DFDVD��$]LD�D�vQFHSXW�FODVD�,�D�VL�PDPD�vO�vQWUHDED��(L�%XOD�FXP�D�IRVW�SULPD�WD�]L�GH�VFRDOD"�0DPD��VXQW�GH]DPDJL��'H�FH��%XOD"�3DL�QH�DX�EDJDW��SH�WRWL�SH�R�XVD�SH�FDUH�VFULD��&/$6$�,���(L�VL"��3DL�FH�FUH]L�FD�HUH�vQDXQWUX"�1XPDL�EDQFL�GH�OHPQ������/D�VFRDOD�vQYDWDWRDUHD�VSXQH��7LQH�WL�PLQWH�FRSLL���/DXGD�GH�VLQH�QX�PLURDVH�ELQH��'XSD�XQ�VIHUW�GH�RUD�%XOD�

Page 46: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�'RDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��3XWXUHVFX�VH�ODXGD�������ÌQYDWDWRDUHD��%XOD�D]L�H�D�FLQFHD�RDUD��VDSWDPkQD�DVWD��FkQG�WH�SHGHSVHVF��$VD�QX�VH�PDL�SRDWH��&H�DL�GH�VSXV"�0D�EXFXU�IRDUWH�WDUH�FD�D]L�H�YLQHUL��������(L��HL��%XOD��VSXQH�SURIHVRUXO��1XPDL�OD�VH[�WH�JkQGHVWL����1X�VH�SRDWH�WUDL�GLQ�DVD�FHYD��&XP�VD�QX��GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU��'DFD�DWL�YHGHD�R�SH�VRUD�PHD�FHD�PDL�PDUH�������/D�VFRDOD��%XOD��FXP�VH�QXPHVWH�DFHO�OHJDPkQW�FH�DSURSLH�R�IHPHLH�GH�XQ�EDUEDW"�8Q�FROLHU�������,D�]L�%XOD��]LFH�vQYDWDWRDUHD��FUH]L�WX�vQ�%DU]D"�1X���GRDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��GDU�VRUD�PHD�D�WUHEXLW�������'HFL�FRSLL�PkLQH�YRP�IDFH�SXWLQD�HGXFDWLH�VH[XDOD���]LFH�vQYDWDWRDUHD��'DPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��]LFH�%XOD��DFHLD�FDUH�GHMD�VWLX�FXP�VWD�WUHED�SRW�VD�PHDUJD�VD�MRDFH�IRWEDO"����'UDJLL�PHL��VSXQH�SURID�GH�UHOLJLH��H[LVWD�GRXD�VDX�WUHL�OXFUXUL�SH�OXPHD�DVWD�SHQWUX�FDUH�RDPHQLL�QX�VXQW�SUHJDWLWL�$WL�VWL�FDUH�VXQW�DFHVWH�OXFUXUL"/D�FDUH�%XOD�VH�DQXQWD��*HPHQL�VDX�WULSOHWL��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD�������%XOD�vQ�FXUWHD�VFROLL��8Q�FROHJ�YLQH�vQ�IXJD��%XOD��%XOD�VDUL�FD�DUGH�VFRDOD�%XOD�IRDUWH�FDOP��6WLX��$�DUV�GHMD�SURIHVRDUD"���/D�RUD�GH�DULWPHWLFD�YLQH�R�SURIHVRDUD�QRXD��%XOD�H�vQWUHEDW��,D�]L��HOHY�%XOD��DL����GH�OHL�VL�FKHOWXL�����&X�FkWL�OHL�PDL�UDPkL"�&X����GH�OHL��)RDUWH�ELQH��%XOD��'DU�GDFD�DL����FUHPYXVW�VL�PDQkQFL���FX�FkW�PDL�UDPkL"�1X�YD�VXSDUDWL��FX�FUHPYXVWL�QX�DP�VRFRWLW�vQFD����%XOD�vQ�FODVD�vQWkL�vL�GDGHD�EDWDLH�GH�FDS�SURIHVRDUHL�VDOH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��DFHDVWD�vO�vQWUHDED��%XOD��&DUH�HVWH�SUREOHPD�WD"%XOD�VSXQH��6vQW�PXOW�SUHD�GHVWHSW�SHQWUX�FODVD�vQWvL��6RUD�PHD�HVWH�vQ�FODVD�D�WUHLD��LDU�HX�VvQW�VL�PDL�GHVWHSW�GHFvW�HD�'H�DFHHD�FUHG�FD�DU�WUHEXL�VD�ILX�PXWDW�vQ�FODVD�D�WUHLD�3URIHVRDUD��QHUYRDVD��vO�GXFH�SH�%XOD�OD�GLUHFWRUXO�VFROLL�VL�vL�H[SOLFD�DFHVWXLD�GRULQWD�OXL�%XOD�ÌQ�XUPD�GLVFXWLHL��GLUHFWRUXO�VL�GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD�KRWDUDVF�VD�vL�GHD�OXL�%XOD�XQ�WHVW��LDU�GDFD�DFHVWD�YD�WUHFH��YD�IL�PXWDW�vQFODVD�D�WUHLD�LDU�GDFD�QX��YD�WUHEXL�VD�UDPvQD�vQ�FODVD�vQWvL�VL�VD�VH�SRDUWH�IUXPRV�'LUHFWRUXO��&vW�IDF���[��"����&vW�IDF���[��"�����&vW�IDF���[��"����6L�WRW�DVD��UDVSXQGH�OD�WRDWH�vQWUHEDULOH�OD�FDUH�XQ�HOHY�GH�FODVD�D�WUHLD�DU�WUHEXL�VD�VWLH�VD�UDVSXQGD�%XOD�SDUHD�VD�VH�GHVFXUFH�IRDUWH�ELQH��'LUHFWRUXO��SULYLQG�VSUH�SURIHVRDUD�DFHVWXLD��vL�VSXQH��&UHG�FD�%XOD�SRDWH�VD�ILH�PXWDW�GLUHFW�vQ�FODVD�D�WUHLD�3URIHVRDUD��FXQRVFvQG�WHQGLQWD�PLFXOXL�%XOD�VSUH�OXFUXUL�FH�DX�OHJDWXUD�FX�VH[XO��vL�VSXQH�GLUHFWRUXOXL��/DVDWL�PD�VL�SH�PLQH�VD�vL�SXQ�FvWHYD�vQWUHEDUL��vQDLQWH�GH�D�OXD�R�DVHPHQHD�GHFL]LH�$WvW�GLUHFWRUXO�FvW�VL�%XOD�VvQW�GH�DFRUG��LDU�SURIHVRDUD�vVL�vQFHSH�vQWUHEDULOH���&H�DUH�YDFD���VL�HX�DP�QXPDL�GRXD"�3LFLRDUH�&H�DL�WX�vQ�SDQWDORQL��LDU�HX�QX�DP"2FKLL�GLUHFWRUXOXL�VH�PDUHVF��'DU�vQDLQWH�GH�D�UHXVL�VD�vO�RSUHDVFD�SH�%XOD��DFHVWD�UDVSXQGH��%X]XQDUH�'LUHFWRUXO�UDVXIOD�XVXUDW�VL�vL�VSXQH�SURIHVRDUHL�

Page 47: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�&UHG�FD�DU�WUHEXL�VD�vO�PXWDP�vQ�FODVD�D�FLQFHD��SHQWUX�FD�VLQFHU�QLFL�HX�QX�DV�IL�VWLXW�VD�UDVSXQG�OD�XOWLPHOH�GRXD�vQWUHEDUL��������%XOD�H�REVHUYDW�GH�SURIHVRUXO�OXL�vQ�WLPSXO�RUHL�FXP�IDFHD�QLVWH�PLVFDUL�FLXGDWH��FX�PkLQLOH��VXE�EDQFD�0DUJH�FDWUH�HO�VL�vO�YHGH�FX�FDUWL�GH�MRF�vQ�PkQD�JDWD�VD�SXQD�GH�R�VHSWLFD��%XOD��'RDU�QX�YUHL�VD�WH�MRFL"��'RP�SSURIHVRU��GD�FH�FUHGHWL�FD�YUHDX�VD�IDF�FX�FDUWLOH�DVWHD"�����%XOD�VH�vQWRDUFH�GH�OD�VFRDOD�FX�VDSFD�FHD�QRXD�PXUGDUD�WRDWD�GH�QRURL��&H�L�FX�VDSFD�WD"�8QGH�DL�IDFXW�R�vQ�DVD�KDO"�%DLHWLL�DX�MXFDW�IRWEDO�FX�HD��'DU�WX�XQGH�HUDL"�ÌQ�SRDUWD������0DPD��P�D�EDWXW�WDWD�GH�GRXD�RUL�D]L��QXV�FH�QDLED�D�DYXW��]LFH�%XOD�PDPHL�VDOH��3DL�GH�FH"�3ULPD�RDUD�FvQG�L�DP�DUDWDW�FDUQHWXO�GH�QRWH�VL�D�GRXD�RDUD�FvQG�L�DP�VSXV�FD�H�DO�OXL�GH�FvQG�HUD�HOHY�����6H�WHUPLQD�RUHOH�PDL�GHYUHPH��%DL��OXDWL�YD�ERDUIHOH�VL�SOHFDWL�DFDVD�&H�IDFL�%XOD��QX�SOHFL"�1X��FD�ERDUID�PHD�DUH�RUH�SkQD�OD�XQX�����0DL�%XOD�WH�DL�EDVLW���VSXQH�vQYDWDWRDUHD��1X�HX�GRDPQD�FkLQHOH��'DU�QX�L�QLFL�XQ�FkLQH�SDFL��1X�L��GUHSW�vL��GD�SRDWH�YLQH�����%XOD��OD�IDFXOWDWH�HVWH�FKHPDW�GH�GHFDQ��%XOD�� DL� IRVW� YD]XW� D]L�QRDSWH� vQ� FDPLQXO� IHWHORU�� 3HQWUX� DVWD�� WUHEXLH� VD� SODWHVWL�� FRQIRUP� UHJXODPHQWXOXL� R� DPHQGD� GH�������GH�OHL�'DFD�PDL�HVWL�SULQV�RGDWD��VXPD�VH�GXEOHD]D���������GH�OHL��6L�DVD�PDL�GHSDUWH�%XOD��VSLULW�LQWUHSULQ]DWRU��vQWUHDED��'RPQXOH�GHFDQ��GDFD�DFKLW�vQ�DYDQV�SHQWUX�WRDWD�VHVLXQHD��RIHULWL�YUHXQ�GLVFRXQW"����%XOD��OD�IDFXOWDWH�vQWkU]LH�OD�XQ�FXUV��6D�VWLL�FD�WH�DP�SXV�DEVHQW��9D�URJ�VD�PD�VWHUJHWL�GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU��FD�DP�IRVW�OD�:&��)D�FHUHUH�OD�GHFDQ��FD�HX�Q�DP�GUHSWXO�����/D�%XOD�OD�VFRDOD�OD�XQ�YHFLQ�V�D�SUHGDW��=EXUDWRUXO��GH�,�+��5DGXOHVFX�ÌQ�SDX]D��XQ�HOHY�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�RDUH�QXPDL�IHPHLOH�DX��]EXUDWRUL���DGLFD�QXPDL�OD�HOH�IXQFWLRQHD]D�PLWXO�DVWD�HURWLF��/D�FDUH�%XOD�UDVSXQGH��3HQWUX�FD�EDUEDWLL�DX�SDUDVXWH�����7kQDUD�vQYDWDWRDUH�vL�vQYDWD�SH�FRSLL�FXP�IXQFWLRQHD]D�PDJQHWLL�VL�OD�FH�SRW�IL�HL�IRORVLWRUL��/H�D�H[SOLFDW�FD�PDJQHWLL�SRWULGLFD�FXLH�VL�WRW�IHOXO�GH�DOWH�RELHFWH�PLFL�GLQ�PHWDO�$FXP��FD�VD�vL�GLVWUH]H��OH�]LFH�R�JKLFLWRDUH��1XPHOH�PHX�vQFHSH�FX��0��VL�ULGLF�WRW�IHOXO�GH�OXFUXUL��&LQH�VXQW"%XOD�GLQ�SULPD�EDQFD��(VWL�R�0DPD������%XOD��FRPSXQHUHD�WD�FX�WHPD��&kLQHOH�PHX��HVWH�LGHQWLFD�FX�D�IUDWHOXL�WDX��$L�FRSLDW�GXSD�HO"�1X��GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU��HVWH�YRUED�GHVSUH�DFHODVL�FkLQH�����/D�RUD�GH�$QDWRPLH�SURID�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�%XOD��3H�FDUH�SDUWH�D�FRUSXOXL�VH�DIOD�LQLPD"�3H�FHD�LQWHULRDUD�GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD�������7DWDO�OXL�%XOD�vL�]LFH�RGUDVOHL��$P�DIODW�F�DL�SULPLW�XQ���GH�OD�SURIHVRUXO�GH�IL]LFD��$VD�H��WDWLFXOH��0L�D�IRVW�MHQD�VD�O�UHIX]�

Page 48: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

����2�SURIHVRDUD�QRXD�vQFHDUFD�VD�SUHGHD�OHFWLL�GH�SVLKRORJLH�XQRU�FRSLL��(D�LQWUD�vQ�FODVD�VSXQkQG��&LQH�FUHGH�FD�H�SURVW��VD�VH�ULGLFH�vQ�SLFLRDUH�'XSD�FvWHYD�VHFXQGH��VH�ULGLFD�vQ�SLFLRDUH�%XOD��3URIHVRDUD�L�VH�DGUHVHD]D��7X�GH�FH�FUH]L�FD�HVWL�SURVW"�1X�VvQW�SURVW��GRDPQD��GDU�vPL�SDUHD�UDX�VD�VWDWL�vQ�SLFLRDUH�QXPDL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�����%XOD�OD�VFRDOD�vQ�HSRFD�GH����ÌQYDWDWRDUHD�vQWUHDED��&RSLL�LD�VSXQHWL�PL�YRL�FH�UHSUH]LQWD�SHQWUX�YRL�SDWULD",RQHVFX��+ROGH�vQWLQVH�GH�JUkX���3RSHVFX��6RQGH�VL�PLQH���%XOD��2�FkPSLH�PDUH�PDUH�FX�IORUL���vQ�PLMORFXO�HL�2FKLXO�%RXOXL�VL�FX�0DWUDJXQD���vQFHUFXLWL�GH�R�FHDWD�GH�DOEDVWUHOH��LDU�vQ�UHVW���GH�PLOLRDQH�GH�ODFULPLRDUH�����%XOD�OD�VFRDOD�YRUEHD�QXPDL�SURVWLL� �QXPDL� vQMXUDWXUL� FX�S D�VL�S ] D���VL�SURIHVRDUD� VXSDUDWD� OD�FKHPDW�SH� WDWDO� OX%XOD�OD�VFRDOD��3URIHVRDUD�L�VH�SOkQJH�WDWDOXL�FD�%XOD�YRUEHVWH�XUkW��VL�L�UHFRPDQGD�WDWDOXL�VD�O�WULPLWD�SH�%XOD�OD�R�VFRDOD�GHSROLWHWH��$MXQV�DFDVD��WDWDO�OX�%XOD�GD�WHOHIRQ�OD�R�VFRDOD�GH�SROLWHWH�JDVLWD�vQ�FDUWHD�GH�WHOHIRQ�VL�DUH�XUPDWRDUHD�FRQYHUVDWLH��$OR��6FRDOD�GH�SROLWHWH"&HO�GH�OD�VFRDOD��'D��$LFL�VFRDOD�GH�SROLWHWH��&X�FH�S D�PHD�YD�SXWHP�DMXWD"����3URIHVRDUD�VFULH�SH�WDEOD���1X�PDP�GLVWUDW�GHORF�vQ�YDFDQWD���DSRL�vL�vQWUHDED�SH�HOHYL��&H�JUHVHDOD�DP�IDFXW�VL�FH�WUHEXLH�VD�IDF�FD�VD�R�vQGUHSW"�6D�YD�FDXWDWL�XQ�DPDQW��vL�UDVSXQVH�%XOD��������%XOD��&H�VXQW�PXPLLOH"�5HJL�FRQVHUYDW��GRDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��������%XOD�QXPHVWH�WUHL�GRYH]L�FD�3DPkQWXO�H�URWXQG��8QX��6FULH�vQ�FDUWH�'RL��7RFPDL�DWL�VSXV�VL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�7UHL��6L�WDWD�vPL�VSXQH�DVWD�WRW�WLPSXO�������%XOD�OD�RUD�GH�JUDPDWLFD��3URID�vQWUHDED���ÌQYDWDWXO�IDFH�EXFXULL���FH�FD]�H�DFHVWD�%XOD"�8Q�FD]�QHIHULFLW��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��������%XOD�FDUH�H�YLLWRUXO�YHUEXOXL���D�EHD�"��%HDW���GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��������%XOD�FDUH�H�YLLWRUXO�YHUEXOXL��D�IXUD�"��3kUQDLD���GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD�������/D�RUD�GH�GHVHQ�VFRODULL�WUHEXLH�VD�SLFWH]H�R�SDVXQH�VL�R�YDFD�FDUH�SDVWH�SH�HD��%XOD�OD�VIkUVLWXO�RUHL�GD�R�IRDLH�JRDOD��%XOD�XQGH�L�LDUED"�$�PkQFDW�R�YDFD��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD����'DU�YDFD"�$�SOHFDW�GH�DFROR��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��'RDU�QX�HUD�VD�VWHD�SH�R�SDVXQH�IDUD�LDUED�����/D�RUD�GH�DQDWRPLH��%XOD��SH�FDUH�SDUWH�D�FRUSXOXL�VH�DIOD�LQLPD"�3H�SDUWHD�LQWHULRDUD��ELQHvQWHOHV��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD�������/D�RUD�GH�IL]LFD��&RSLL��FH�REVHUYDWL�FkQG�YD�IUHFDWL�SDOPHOH�XQD�GH�DOWD"�)LULVRDUH�GH�PL]HULH��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��]LFH�%XOD�������%XOD�HVWH�REH]�GDU�IRDUWH�VODE�OD�DULWPHWLFD��3URID�vQFHDUFD�VD�L�IDFD�FDOFXOHOH�PDL�XVRDUH��%XOD��GDFD�PDPD�WD�vWL�GD���VDQGZLFLXUL�OD�VFRDOD�VL�HX�vWL�PDL�GDX�vQFD�FLQFL��FkW�DL�DWXQFL��$WXQFL�DP�GHVWXO��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD���

Page 49: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

����/D�RUD�GH�UHOLJLH�SUHRWXO�vQWUHDED��%XOD��vWL�VSXL�vQDLQWH�GH�PDVD�UXJDFLXQHD"�1X�GRPQXOH�3DULQWH��QXPDL�DWXQFL�FkQG�DYHP�FLXSHUFL�OD�PDVD��������,D�]L�%XOD��FDUH�VXQW�FHOH�PDL�GHV�IRORVLWH�FXYLQWH�OD�VFRDOD"�1X�VWLX��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD����$L�GUHSWDWH�%XOD��IRDUWH�ELQH������7DWD��vQWUHDED�%XOD�YHQLQG�GH�OD�VFRDOD��FH�vQVHDPQD��DVFKLD�QX�VDUH�GHSDUWH�GH�SRP�"�%XOD��LDU�Q�DL�vQYDWDW�OHFWLD��]LFH�WDLFD�VX�VFRWkQGX�VL�FXUHDXD�GH�OD�SDQWDORQL������%XOD��GD�QH�XQ�H[HPSOX�FXP�SRDWH�IL�IRORVLWD�SXWHUHD�DSHL��'H�H[HPSOX��PDPD�SOkQJH�SkQD�WDWD�vL�FXPSDUD�R�URFKLH�QRXD�������8OWLPD�]L�GH�VFRDOD��$FDVD�%XOD�LQWUD�SH�XVD�VL�vVL�DUXQFD�FDUQHWXO��IXULRV��vQWU�XQ�FROW��7DWDO�vO�vQWUHDED��%XOD��QX�QH�DUDWL�VL�QRXD�FDUQHWXOGH�QRWH��VD�YHGHP�FXP�DL�vQFKHLDW�DQXO"�&DUQHWXO�PHX�L�O�DP�vPSUXPXWDW�OXL�*LJHO��D�YUXW�VD�VL�VRFKH]H�SDULQWLL�������%XOD�YLQH�OD�VIkUVLWXO�DQXOXL�VFRODU�DFDVD�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�WDWD�VDX��7DWD�FkQG�DL�WHUPLQDW�WX�VFRDOD"�$FXP����GH�DQL��'H�FH"�$P�IRVW�DSURDSH�VLJXU��3DL�FkQG�PL�DX�FDOFXODW�PHGLD�PL�DX�VSXV�FD�GH����GH�DQL�QX�DX�PDL�DYXW�DVD�XQ�FD]�vQ�VFRDOD�������&LFD�%XOD�YLQH�vQWU�R�]L�GH�OD�VFRDOD�SOkQJkQG���7DWDD���1X�PDL�YUHDX�VD�PD�GXF�OD�VFRDODD����%LHWX�WDWVX��FLFD��%DL�%XOD��QX�VH�SRDWH��WUHEXLH�VD�WH�GXFL��%D�QX�PD�PDL�GXF��vQ�ILHFDUH�]L�PD�EDWH�FRSLLL��PD�VFXLSD�PD�vQMXUD��vPL�]LF�,DU�DL�YHQLW��EDL�ERXOH"��vPL�DUXQFD�FX�DSD�GHOD�HWDM����%DL�%XOD��vWL�PDL�]LF�R�GDWD��QX�VH�SRDWH��WUHEXLH�VD�WH�GXFL��'H�FH��WDWD"�3HQWUX�FD�HVWL�GLUHFWRUXO�OLFHXOXL�����3URIHVRUXO��%XOD�FH�H�DFHOD�XQ�VLQRQLP"%XOD��8Q�VLQRQLP�HVWH�FXYkQWXO�SH�FDUH�vO�IRORVLP�GH�FkWH�RUL�XLWDP�DOW�FXYkQW�������3URIHVRUXO��'HFL��UH]ROYkQG�HFXDWLD��DIODP�FD�[�HVWH�HJDO�FX�]HUR�%XOD��8LWH�SHQWUX�FH�DWkWD�WUXGD�����3URIHVRUXO���6FRSXO�VFX]D�PLMORDFHOH���FLQH�D�VSXV�R"%XOD��'XPQHDYRDVWUD�����3URIHVRUXO�,QWRWGHDXQD�PDQDQFL�FDQG�WL�H�IRDPH"%XOD��ÌQWRWGHDXQD�vQWUHEDWL�FkQG�UkYQLWL"�������3URIHVRUXO��&kQG�H�WLPSXO�FHO�PDL�SRWULYLW�SHQWUX�FXOHVXO�PHUHORU"%XOD��&kQG�H�OHJDW�FkLQHOH�����/D�VFRDOD�SURID�vQWUHDED�FRSLLL��6SXQHWL��FRSLL��FDUH�H�FHO�PDL�SDURV�DQLPDO�FH�H[LVWD"�8UVXO��VSXQH�XQ�HOHY��9XOSHD��DOWXO��,HSXUHOH��SLVLFD��OHXO��HWF��FHLODOWL�%XOD�ULGLFD�VL�HO�PkQD��'RDPQD�GH�PX]LFD����3DL�FXP��PDL�WkPSLWXOH��FH�WL�D�YHQLW"����GH�XQGH�DL�VFRV�VL�SURVWLD�DVWD"�'H�OD�GRPQX�GH�GHVHQ�FDUH�D�]LV�FD�XQ�DQ�L�D�WUHEXLW�SkQD�D�SkUOLW�R�������3URIHVRDUD� vQWUHDED� vQ� FODVD� OXL�%XOD� FH� HVWH�7,7$1,&8/��&RSLLL� vQFHS� VD�VL� GHD� FX� SUHVXSXVXO�� R�PDUFD� GH� FHDV�� RPDUFD�GH�EOXJL��R�PDUFD�GH�SDUIXP��SkQD�YLQH�UkQGXO�OXL�%XOD��7RDVD��7LWDQLFXO� D� IRVW� XQ�PDUH� WUDQVDWODQWLF� FDUH� vQ� SULPXO� VDX� GUXP�� vQWU�R�QRDSWH�� QDYLJkQG� vQ�$WODQWLFXO� GH�1RUG� ODOLPLWD�FX�2FHDQXO�ÌQJKHWDW�V�D�ORYLW�GH�XQ�HYUHX�VL�V�D�vQHFDW��%XOD��WLSD�SURIHVRDUD��QX�VH�SXWHD�VD�QX�VSXL�VL�SURVWLL����DSURDSH�HUDP�VD�WL�WUHF�XQ����vQ�FDWDORJ�FkQG�DL�GDW�R�Q�EDUD������'HXQGH�HYUHL�vQ�2FHDQXO�ÌQJKHWDW�GH�1RUG"

Page 50: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�'DU�FH��WRDVD��YUHWL�VD�VSXQHWL�FD�$,6%(5*�HVWH�QXPH�URPkQHVF"�����(L��FH�Q�DV�GD�FD�3DULVXO�VD�ILH�FDSLWDOD�,WDOLHL��RIWHD]D�%XOD��'H�FH"�vQWUHDED�WDWVX��3HQWUX�FD�DVD�DP�VFULV�D]L�vQ�WH]D��OD�*HRJUDILH�����8Q�SURIHVRU�OH�GD�HOHYLORU�FHYD�GH�VFULV��%XOD�UHIX]D��3URIHVRUXO��6LQJXUD�VFX]D�FD�VD�QX�VFULL��H�VD�DL�R�ERDOD�IRDUWH�JUDYD�%XOD��'H�HSXL]DUH�VH[XDOD�FH�]LFHWL"3URIHVRUXO�VH�XLWD�OD�HO�FkWHYD�FOLSH��$VWD�QX�H�VFX]D��SRWL�VD�VFULL�FX�PkQD�FHDODOWD�����/D�RUD�GH�SVLKRORJLH��HOHYLL�WUHEXLH�VD�VFULH�R�OXFUDUH�FX�WHPD��&H�HVWH�OHQHYLD"���%XOD�SUHGD�FDLHWXO�GXSD�QXPDL�FkWHYDPLQXWH�,QWULJDW��SURIHVRUXO�vO�GHVFKLGH��GDU�QX�JDVHVWH�GHFvW�IRLOH�JRDOH��$ELD�SH�XOWLPD�SDJLQD��MRV��VWD�VFULV�FX�FDUDFWHUH�PLFL���$VWD�L�OHQHYLD�������&RSLL��OD�FH�VHUYHVWH�OHPQXO"�'LQ�HO�VH�IDF�DUERULL��GRDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��]LFH�%XOD������0DPD��D]L�O�DP�RSULW�SH�*HRUJHVFX�VD�L�IDFD�R�IDUVD�GRPQXOXL�SURIHVRU��)UXPRV�GLQ�SDUWHD�WD��%XOD��&XP�D�IRVW"�6D� YH]L��*HRUJHVFX� D� SXV�SH� VFDXQXO� GH� OD� FDWHGUD� R� SLRQH]D��&kQG�GRPQXO�SURIHVRU� HUD� FkW� SH� FH� V�R� DWLQJD�� L�DP� WUDVUHSHGH�VFDXQXO�����%XOD��FDUH�DUH�QRXD�DQL��VRVHVWH�GH�OD�VFRDOD��LDU�PDPD�VD�vO�vQWUHDED�FH�D�vQYDWDW�DVWD]L��ÌQYDWDWRUXO�QH�D�SRYHVWLW�FXP�'XPQH]HX�O�D�WULPLV�SH�0RLVH�vQ�VSDWHOH�OLQLLORU�LQDPLFH�vQWU�R�PLVLXQH�GH�VDOYDUH��DVWIHO�FDLVUDHOLWLL�VD�SRDWD�IXJL�GLQ�(JLSW��&kQG�D�DMXQV�OD�0DUHD�5RVLH�� LQJLQHULL�FDUH�HUDX�FX�HO�DX�FRQVWUXLW�XQ�SRG�VL� LVUDHOLWLL�DXWUHFXW� vQ� VLJXUDQWD��$SRL� D�FKHPDW�SULQ� UDGLR�DYLDWLD�� FDUH�D� ODQVDW�ERPEH�GLVWUXJkQG�SRGXO�� LDU� HJLSWHQLL�QX�DX�SXWXW�VD�LXUPDUHDVFD��&KLDU�DVD�Y�D�SRYHVWLW�vQYDWDWRUXO"�1X��PDPD��GDU�SRYHVWHD�OXL�Q�D�FUH]XW�R�QLPHQL�����0HUJH�%XOD�OD�VFRDOD�vQ�SULPD�]L��ÌQYDWDWRDUHD�VWULJD�FDWDORJXO��$GDP"�3UH]HQW��$LRQHVHL"�3UH]HQW��%XOD"�3UH]HQW�7RDWD�FODVD�UkGH��0DL�%XOD��FH�QXPH�DL�VL�WX��WRDWD�OXPHD�UkGH��1X�YH]L�FD�GDFD�VFKLPEL�SULPD�OLWHUD�LHVH�XQ�FXYDQW�DVD�GH�XUkW���$�GRXD�]L��OD�IHO��D�WUHLD�]L�OD�IHO��D�SDWUD�]L��DMXQJH�LDU�OD�%XOD��%XOD"1LPLF����%XOD"�1LPLF����0DL�%XOD��GH�FH�QX�UDVSXQ]L�FkQG�WH�VWULJ"�ÌWL�EDWL�MRF�GH�PLQH"�9D�URJ�IUXPRV�G�QD�vQYDWDWRDUH��'H�D]L�vQDLQWH�SH�PLQH�QX�PD�PDL�FKHDPD�%XOD��'H�D]L�vQDLQWH�QXPHOH�PHX�HVWH�'HQLV�����%XOD�L�VH�DGUHVHD]D�PDPHL��0DPD��vQYDWDWRDUHD�QRDVWUD�QX�DUH�KDEDU�GH�QLPLF��&H�YRUED�H�DVWD���QX�DUH�KDEDU�GH�QLPLF�"�'H�XQGH�DL�VFRV�R"�3DL�DP�GHVHQDW�D]L�SH�WDEOD�XQ�FkLQH�VL�HD�P�D�vQWUHEDW��FH�H�DLD�"����%XOD�vQ�RUD�GH�ELRORJLH��3URIHVRDUD�vQWUHDED��&H�HVWH�YHUGH�VL�VDUH�SH�FkPSLH"5DVSXQV�GLQ�FODVD��%URDVFD�3URIHVRDUD��&RUHFW���GDU�SXWHD�IL�VL�XQ�JUHLHUH��&H�HVWH�PDUR�VL�VDUH�SULQ�SDGXUH"5DVSXQV�GLQ�FODVD�

Page 51: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�&DSULRDUD�3URIHVRDUD��&RUHFW���GDU�SXWHD�IL�VL�XQ�FHUE�%XOD�DJLWDW�FHUH�SHUPLVLXQHD�GH�D�SXQH�VL�HO�R�vQWUHEDUH��&H�HVWH�WDUH�FkQG�VH�LD�vQ�JXUD��LDU�PRDOH�VL�OLSLFLRDVD�FvQG�VH�VFRDWH"3URIHVRDUD�RIHQVDWD�vL�WUDJH�YUHR�GRXD�SHUHFKL�GH�SDOPH�OXL�%XOD�FDUH�]LFH��&RUHFW���GDU�SXWHD�IL�VL�R�JXPD�GH�PHVWHFDW������3H�YUHPHD�OXL�&HDXVHVFX�OD�RUD�GH�PX]LFD��%XOD�QX�VL�VFRWHD�YLRDUD�GLQ�FXWLH��ÌQYDWDWRDUHD��'H�FH�QX�FkQWL�%XOD"�(�GH]DFRUGDWD��+DL�FD�WL�R�DFRUGH]�HX�%XOD�GHVFKLGH�FXWLD�VL�vQYDWDWRDUHD�VWULJD��%XOD�FH�IDFL�FX�PLWUDOLHUD�OD�VFRDOD"�(X�FD�HX����GDU�QX�VWLX�FH�R�VD�IDFD�WDWD�FX�YLRDUD�OD�FRQJUHV�����%XOD�HVWH�SULQV�GH�FDWUH�vQYDWDWRDUH�IXPkQG��%XOD��DL�vQQHEXQLW"�(VWL�vQ�FODVD�D�,,�D��1LFL�R�SUREOHPD��GRDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��(X��GH�H[HPSOX�IDF�GUDJRVWH�GH�OD�GRL�DQL��6L�FXP�HUD"�1X�PDL�WLQ�PLQWH�FD�HUDP�EHDW������&kW�IDFH����"�vO�vQWUHDED�SURIHVRUXO�SH�%XOD�%XOD�EDJD�PkQD�vQ�EX]XQDU�VL�]LFH���������%UDYR�%XOD�vQVHDPQD�FD�DL�PDL�vQYDWDW��]LFH�SURIHVRUXO�����/D�VFRDOD�OD�%XOD�vQYDWDWRDUHD�vL�LQWUHDED�SH�HOHYL�FH�YRU�VD�GHYLQD�FkQG�YRU�IL�PDUL��*HRUJHVFX��,QJLQHU3RSHVFX��'RFWRU�HWF�%XOD��8UV�3DL�FXP�DVD�PDL�%XOD"�vO�vQWUHDED�vQYDWDWRDUHD��9UHDX�VD�DP�EODQD�PXOWD�VD�FkVWLJ�EDQL�PXOWL��FD�VRUD�PHD�DUH�QXPDL�XQ�SHWHF�VL�DVD�PXOWL�EDQL�FkVWLJD�����ÌQ�SULPD�]L�GH�VFRDOD��%XOD�PHUJH��VL�FkQG�GRDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH�VH�DSOHDFD��%XOD�YHGH�FD�DUH�IXVWD�LQWUDWD�vQ�IXQG��VL�EDJDPkQD�VD�L�R�VFRDWD��'RDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH�vL�WUDJH�R�SDOPD��0HUJH�%XOD�DFDVD��WDLFD�VX�vO�vQWUHDED�GH�FH�H�URVX�SH�REUD]��%XOD�vLSRYHVWHVWH�VL�WDLFD�VX�vL�]LFH�FD�QX�WUHEXLD�VD�L�WUDJD�IXVWD��$�GRXD�]L��%XOD�OD�VFRDOD��XQ�FROHJ�YHGH�FD�vQYDWDWRDUHD�DUH�IXVWDvQ�IXQG��L�R�WUDJH�vQDSRL��OD�FDUH�%XOD��GXSD�FH�L�D�]LV�WDLFD�VX��VDUH�UHSHGH�VL�vL�EDJD�IXVWD�OD�ORF�VL�vL�H[SOLFD�OD�FROHJXO�OXL�FDOD�vQYDWDWRDUH�QX�L�SODFH�VD�QX�L�VWHD�FHYD�Q�IXQG��OD�FDUH�%XOD�PDL�SULPHVWH�R�SDOPD�����ÌQYDWDWRDUHD�YLQH�OD�FODVD�VL�vQWUHED��&RSLL�QX�VWLWL�GH�FH�D�PXULW�OXFUDWRUXO�FDUH�UHQRYD�VFRDOD"/D�FDUH�%XOD��(X�VWLX�ÌQYDWDWRDUHD��'H�FH�PDL�%XOD"�3HQWUX�FD�O�D�vQMXUDW�SH�'XPQH]HX��$�VSXV��%XOD�IX X�WL�'XPQH]HLL�PDWLL�QX�PDL�PLVFD�VFDUD�F�R�VD�SLF�����'�QD�vQYDWDWRDUH�OD�VFRDOD��&LQH�DUH�FHYD�GHRVHELW�GH�VSXV�GLQ�YLDWD�GH�IDPLOLH�VD�VSXQD�/D�FDUH�%XOD��'�QD�SURIHVRDUD�WDWD�DUH�GRXD�SX L��XQD�PLFD��PLFD�GH�WRW�VL�XQD�PDUH��PDUH�GH�WRW��3DL�FXP�VH�SRDWH�DVD�FHYD�PDL�%XOD"�3DL�DVD��FX�XQD�WDWD�IDFH�SLVX��LDU�FX�FHDODOWD�R�VSDOD�SH�PDPD�SH�GLQWL������$VWD]L�DL�vQWkU]LDW�OD�SULPD�RUD��vL�VSXVH�GLULJLQWD�OXL�%XOD��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�7DWD�D�DYXW�QHYRLH�GH�PLQH�DFDVD��%XOD��VWLX�FD�DL�XQ�IUDWH�PDL�PDUH��1X�SXWHD�VD�WH�vQORFXLDVFD�HO"�1X��SHQWUX�FD�SH�PLQH�WUHEXLD�VD�PD�EDWD���

Page 52: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�����'H�FH�WH�D�GDW�vQYDWDWRUXO�DIDUD�GLQ�FODVD"�vO�vQWUHDED�PDPD�SH�%XOD��3DL��QH�D�VSXV�FD�VRERODQXO�PDQkQFD�vQWU�R�]L�R�FDQWLWDWH�HJDOD�FX�JUHXWDWHD�FRUSXOXL�VDX��(L��VL"�(X�DP�vQWUHEDW�GH�XQGH�vVL�VWLH�VRERODQXO�JUHXWDWHD"����2UD�GH�]RRORJLH��%XOD�vPL�SRWL�QXPL�FLQFL�DQLPDOH�FDUH�WUDLHVF�vQ�$IULFD"�'D��3DWUX�HOHIDQWL�VL�R�JLUDID�������3URIHVRUXO��3HVWLL�SRW�YHGHD�VL�DX]L"%XOD��'D��'DU�PLURVL"�1XPDL�FkQG�QX�VXQW�SURDVSHWL�����3URIHVRUXO��&DUH�GLQWUH�YRL�DVFXOWD�FHO�PDL�PXOW�SH�PDPD"%XOD��7DWD��������%XOD��HVWL�XQ�REUD]QLF��6H�YHGH�FD�Q�DL�FHL�VDSWH�DQL�GH�DFDVD��vL�]LFH�DFHVWXLD�vQYDWDWRDUHD��3DL��SH�PLQH�P�DX�GDW�OD�VDVH�DQL�OD�VFRDOD��������)LXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�YLQH�OD�VFRDOD�PHUHX�GHVFKHLDW�OD�JkW��R�SUHYHQL�vQYDWDWRDUHD�SH�PDPD�OXL�%XOD��6WLWL��VDUPDQXO�H�SUHD�PLWLWHO�VL�QX�DMXQJH�VD�VH�vQFKHLH�OD�XOWLPXO�QDVWXUH��SUHFL]HD]D�PDVD������%XOD��FXP�GH�DL�vQWkU]LDW�OD�VFRDOD"�1X�DP�SXWXW�VD�PD�WUH]HVF�vQ�GLPLQHDWD�DFHDVWD��&XP��WX�vQFD�PDL�GRUPL"�����%XOD��GDFD�WH�UDWDFHVWL�]LXD�vQ�SDGXUH�VL�QX�DL�EXVROD�OD�WLQH��FXP�DIOL�XQGH�H�QRUGXO"�)RDUWH�VLPSOX��GRPQXOH�SURIHVRU��0D�GXF�DFDVD�VL�R�LDX�����2UD�GH�GLFWDUH�vQ�FODVD�D�SDWUD��%XOD�vL�VRSWHVWH�FROHJXOXL��$X]L��,RQHOH��VFULHP�GHMD�GH�XQ�VIHUW�GH�RUD��1X�FUH]L�FD�DU�IL�FD]XO�VD�PDL�SXQHP�VL�YUHR�YLUJXOD"����3URIHVRUXO�vQWUHDED��0DL�%XOD��WRDWD�RUD�DL�VWDW�FX�FX�FvWH�R�ELOD�YHUGH�vQ�DPEHOH�PvLQL�VL�Q�DL�VFULV�QLPLF��'H�FH"�&D�VD�DP�FRQWURO�WRWDO�DVXSUD�SURIHVRUXOXL�GH�PDWHPDWLFD��GO��*UHHQ�����3URIHVRUXO��&DUH�HVWH�vQWHOHVXO�FXYkQWXOXL�FDVDWRULH"%XODO��7DWD�]LFH�FD�QX�HVWH�FXYkQW��FL�R�FRQGDPQDUH������8QGH�HVWH�'XPQH]HX"�vQWUHDED�vQYDWDWRUXO�SH�%XOD��6SXQHWL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�XQGH�QX�H��UDVSXQGH�%XOD������%ROLOH�FRQWDJLRDVH�VH�WUDQVPLW�GH�OD�DQLPDO�OD�RP��&RSLL��QLFLRGDWD�VD�QX�YD�ODVDWL�IDWD�VDX�PkLQLOH�DWLQVH�GH�XQ�FkLQHVDX�R�SLVLFD��GHRDUHFH�H�IRDUWH�SHULFXORV��(�DGHYDUDW��]LVH�%XOD��PDWXV�D�PHD�L�D�GDW�XQ�VDUXW�FkLQHOXL�VL�SHVWH���]LOH�DFHVWD�D�PXULW���������2�DVWIHO�GH�QRWD�PHULWD�R�EDWDLH�EXQD��]LFH�OXL�%XOD�WDWD�VX�/D�FDUH�%XOD��6WLX�HX��WDWD��XQGH�ORFXLHVWH�SURIHVRUXO��0HUJHP�DFXPD"�������ÌQYDWDWRDUHD�OH�VSXQH�FRSLLORU��$]L�YRP�vQYDWD�GXSD�PHWRGD�LQWXLWLHL��$GLFD��ILHFDUH�VSXQH�WUHL�FXYLQWH��FXP�vL�YLQH��VL�GXSD�DFHHD�H[SOLFD�GH�FH�OH�D�VSXV�)LHFDUH�FRSLO�VSXQH�WUHL�FXYLQWH��VL�H[SOLFD�GH�FH�OH�D�VSXV��GDU�%XOD�VSXQH��$YRUW��%DVWDUG��&XUYD��9DL��VH�FXWUHPXUD�vQYDWDWRDUHD��FH�FXYLQWH�XUkWH��%XOD��WDFL�VL�WX�RGDWD�GLQ�JXUD�6L�Q�D�PDL� FRQWLQXDW� OHFWLD��'XSD�R�YUHPH��YLQH�LQVSHFWRDUHD��2�vQWUHDED�SH�vQYDWDWRDUH��HOHYLL� WDL�DX� vQYDWDW� GXSD�PHWRGDLQWXLWLHL"�'D��GHVLJXU����$WXQFL�ID�R�OHFWLH�GXSD�PHWRGD�DFHHD��YUHDX�VD�YDG�VL�HX���

Page 53: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

&H�VD�IDFD�vQYDWDWRDUHD���IDFH�R�OHFWLH�GXSD�PHWRGD�LQWXLWLHL��ILHFDUH�FRSLO�VSXQH�WUHL�FXYLQWH��VL�H[SOLFD�GH�FH�OH�D�VSXV��GDULQVSHFWRDUHD�vL�VRSWHVWH�vQYDWDWRDUHL��&RSLOXL�DFHOD��GH�FH�vO�SHUVHFXWL��WRW�WLPSXO�ULGLFD�PkQD�VL�QLFLRGDWD�QX�O�ODVL�VD�YRUEHDVFD��+DL��VD�DX]LP�FH�DUH�HO�GH�]LV�&H�VD�IDFD�vQYDWDWRDUHD���vO�ODVD�SH�%XOD�VD�YRUEHDVFD��LDU�HO�VSXQH��$YRUW��%DVWDUG��&XUYD�ÌQYDWDWRDUHD�OHVLQD��GDU�LQVSHFWRDUHD��IRDUWH�FDOPD��vL�VSXQH�OXL�%XOD��,QWHUHVDQW��6L�GH�XQGH�VWLL�WX�FXYLQWHOH�DVWHD"�'H�OD�PDWXVD�PHD��$�VSXV�FD�D IDFXW�XQ�$YRUW��FD�VD�QX�QDVFD�XQ�%DVWDUG�VL�VD�VSXQD�OXPHD�FD�L�&XUYD��,QWHUHVDQW��6L�DOWH�FXYLQWH�QX�PDL�VWLL"�%D�GD��3LWLF��2K��SLWLF��H�PLWLWHO��H�GUDJDODV����6L�GH�XQGH�VWLL�WX�FXYkQWXO�DVWD"�7RW�GH�OD�PDWXVD�PHD��$�VSXV�FD�%DVWDUGXO�O�D�IDFXW�FX�XQ�3LWLF�ÌQYDWDWRDUHD�� FDUH� VH� WUH]LVH� GLQ� OHVLQ�� OHVLQD� LDU�� GDU� FORSRWHOXO� VXQD�� VL� FRSLLL� LHV� vQ� UHFUHDWLH�� $IDUD� GH� %XOD�� FDUXLDLQVSHFWRDUHD�vL�IDFH�VHPQ�VD�UDPkQD��VH�DVHD]D�ODQJD�HO�vQ�EDQFD��VXVRWHVF�HL�FHYD��VL�GXSD�DFHHD�vQVSHFWRDUHD�SOHDFD��&H�WL�D�VSXV��vQWUHDED�vQYDWDWRDUHD��FDUH�UHXVLVH�LQWUH�WLPS�VD�VH�vQWUHPH]H��$��]LFH�%XOD��PDL�QLPLF��D�YUXW�VD�DIOH�DGUHVD�SLWLFXOXL�����%XOD�PHUJH�FX�WDWVX�OD�SOLPEDUH��7UHFkQG�SH�OkQJD�VFRODOD�OXL�%XOD�WDWVX�]LFH��ÌQ�VFRDOD�DVWD�DP�IRVW�VL�HX�DFX�WUHL]HFL�GH�DQL�/D�FDUH�%XOD��$KD��GH�DLD�PL�D�]LV�D]L�OD�RUD�SURIHVRUXO���$VD�XQ�WkPSLW�QX�DP�PDL�DYXW�DLFL�GH�WUHL]HFL�GH�DQL���������%XOD�YHQLQG�GH�OD�VFRDOD�HVWH�WRW�WLPSXO�HQHUYDW�GH�XQ�JUXS�GH�IHWH�PDL�PDUL�FDUH�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�vL�DUDWD�GHJHWXO�PLF�VL�vLVSXQ��&H�PDL�IDFL��%XOLVRU"���%XOD�UDEGD�FH�UDEGD�VL�vQWU�R�]L�vQWUHDED�IHWHOH�GH�FH�vL�WRW�DUDWD�GHJHWXO�PLF�FkQG�vO�vQWkOQHVF�$FHVWHD�UDVSXQG��3HQWUX�FD�SX D�WD�H�DWkW�GH�PLFD�FD�VL�GHJHWXO�QRVWUX�PLF��DSURDSH�LQH[LVWHQWD���6L�VH�SRUQHVF�SH�UkV���$�GRXD�]L�%XOD�OH�R�LD�vQDLQWH�VL�SkQD�VD�VL�VSXQD�DVWHD�SRH]LD�HO�vVL�YkUD�GHJHWHOH�vQ�JXUD�VL�WUDJkQGX�VLIDOFLOH�vQ�ODWXUL�OH�VSXQH��&H�PDL�IDFHWL��IHHHWHHHORU"�������%XOD�OD�VFRDOD��'RDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��DP�R�vQWUHEDUH��=L�%XOD��3RW�VD�YL�R�SXQ"�����&H�%XOD��Q�DL�vQYDWDW�OD�VFRDOD�FXP�VH�VFULX�FLIUHOH"�,D�WH�XLWD��WRDWH�FLQFLXULOH�DVWHD�DUDWD�GH�SDUFD�DU�IL�WUHLXUL��3DL�FKLDU�WUHLXUL�VXQW��$WXQFL�GH�FH�VHDPDQD�DWkW�GH�PXOW�FX�FLQFLXULOH"�����%XOD�LD�FLWHVWH�FX�YRFH�WDUH�WHPD�SH�FDUH�DL�DYXW�R�SHQWUX�DFDVD��'D��GRDPQD��DP�VFULV�GHVSUH�WDWDO�PHX���7DWD�HVWH�FHO�PDL�vQGUD]QHW�VL�SXWHUQLF�VL�WDOHQWDW��(O�DU�SXWHD�VD�VH�OXSWH�FX�WLJULL�VD�FRQGXFD�VXEPDULQXO��VD�]ERDUH�FX�QDYHWD�VSDWLDOD��VD�VFULH�XQ�URPDQ�SROLWLVW��RULFH��'DU�H�XQ�PLF�LPSHGLPHQW��WUHEXLH�VDVSHOH�YDVHOH��VD�GHD�FX�DVSLUDWRUXO�VL�VD�EDWD�FRYRDUHOH������'LQ�FXJHWDULOH�OXL�%XOD��H[WUDV�GLQ�WH]D�GH�DGPLWHUH�OD�PHGLFLQD���3HQLVXO�HVWH�XQ�RUJDQ�GHFDSRWDELO��������3URIHVRUXO�GH�]RRORJLH�DO�XQHL�VFROL�vQWUHDED�HOHYLL���&LQH�GLQ�FODVD�SRDWH�VD�PL�VSXQD�GH�FH�VXQW�SHVWLL�PXWL�"ÌQWUHDJD�FODVD�WDFH���+HL��WX��FHO�GLQ�XOWLPD�EDQFD��%XOD��$L�VSXV�FD�WDWDO�WDX�HVWH�SHVFDU�GH�PHVHULH��'H�FH�VXQW�SHVWLL�PXWL"�&XP�GH�FH"�ÌQFHUFDWL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�VD�EDJDWL�FDSXO�VXE�DSD�VL�Q�R�VD�SXWHWL�VFRDWH�XQ�FXYkQW�����%XOD�SULPHVWH�GH�OD�VFRDOD�FD�WHPD�GH�FDVD�VD�GHILQHDVFD�QRWLXQHD�GH�SROLWLFD��1HVWLXWRU�VH�GXFH�VD�vO�vQWUHEH�SH�WDLFD�VDX��$VWD�vL�]LFH��)RDUWH� VLPSOX�� XLWH�GDFD� OXDP�FD�H[HPSOX� IDPLOLD� QRDVWUD��(X� DGXF�EDQLL� DFDVD�GHFL��PD�SRWL� QXPL�FDSLWDOLVP��0DLFD�WDDGPLQLVWUHD]D� EDQLL�� GHFL� R� SXWHP� QXPL� FRQGXFHUH�� 1RL� DPkQGRL� QH� vQJULMLP� GH� EXQDVWDUHD� WD�� GHFL� WX� HVWL� SRSRUXO�ÌQJULMLWRDUHD�OXL�IUDWH�WX�HVWH�FODVD�PXQFLWRDUH�VL�IUDWHOH�WDX��vQFD�vQ�VFXWHFH��HVWH�YLLWRUXO��$L�vQWHOHV"%XOD�QX�H�WRFPDL�VLJXU�VL�vL�]LFH�FD�VH�YD�PDL�JkQGL�SkQD�GLPLQHDWD�OD�H[SOLFDWLH��1RDSWHD�VH�WUH]HVWH�%XOD�EXLPDF��SHQWUX�FDIUDWH�VDX�D�IDFXW�vQ�VFXWHFH�VL�VWULJD��%DWH�EXOD�OD�XVD�GRUPLWRUXOXL�SDULQWLORU��PDLFD�VD�GRDUPH�DGkQF�VL�QX�O�DXGH��6H�GXFH�ODFDPHUD�vQJULMLWRDUHL�VL�DLFL� vO�JDVHVWH�SH�WDLFD�VX�FDODUH�SH�HD��&HL�GRL�QX�GDX�YUH�XQ�VHPQ�FD�O�DX�UHPDUFDW�SH�%XOD��(O�VH

Page 54: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

GXFH� vQ�SDW� VL�GRDUPH�PDL� GHSDUWH��'LPLQHDWD� WDWD�VX� vO� vQWUHDED�GDFD� DFXP� VWLH� FH� H� SROLWLFD� VL� GDFD�SRDWH� VD� H[SOLFH� FXFXYLQWHOH�OXL��%XOD�UDVSXQGH��'D�DFXPD�VWLX��&DSLWDOLVPXO�IX H�FODVD�PXQFLWRDUH�vQ�WLPS�FH�FRQGXFHUHD�GRDUPH��3RSRUXO�QX�H�EDJDW�vQ�VHDPD�VL�YLLWRUXOPLURDVH�D�FDFDW��������/D�RUD�GH� GHVHQ�� SURID� vL� SXQH�SH� FRSLL� VD� GHVHQH]H� FHYD� VL� VD� VL� LQWHUSUHWH]H�XQ� FkQWHF� SH� WHPD� UHVSHFWLYD�� ,RQHO� DGHVHQDW� R� ODOHD� VL� D�QFHSXW� VD� FkQWH��ODOHOH�ODOHOH��� &RVWHO� XQ� WUDQGDILU� VL� DQFHSXW� VD� FkQWH� �WUDQGDILULL� WDL�� V�DX� RILOLW� vQJODVWUD������vQ�ILQH��%XOD�GHVHQHD]D�R�SX D��0DJDUXOH��QX�WL�H�UXVLQH��FH�FkQWHF�VH�DVRUWHD]D�FX�DVWD"��&LQH�WH�D�IDFXW�SH�WLQH�7XGRULWD�QHQH��������ÌQWU�R�]L�OD�VFRDOD�LQWUD�SURID�vQ�FODVD��%XQD�]LXD��HOHYL�&ODVD��%XXX�QD�]LLL�XD���PHD�3URID��(OHYL"�&H�L�DLD�%XQD�]LXD�PHD"�1�DP�PDL�DX]LW�ÌQ�SDX]D�%XOD�YRUEHVWH�FX�FROHJLL��0kLQH�QX�PDL�VDOXWDWL�SURID��WLQHWL�YD�IOHDQFD��$�GRXD�]L��3URID��%XQD�]LXD�HOHYL�&ODVD�WDFH��%XOD��'XXX�WH�Q�SXXX� D�PHD�������0HUJH�%XOD�OD�VFRDOD�OD�RUD�GH�6WLLQWHOH�1DWXULL�VL�L�VSXQH�SURIHVRDUHL��'RDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��HX�DP�SULQV�GRL�LHSXUL��9LL��PDL�%XOD"�9LL��6L�FXP�L�DL�SULQV�PDL�%XOD��FX�R�FDSFDQD"�1X��UHJXOkQGX�VH�����%XOD� WUHEXLD� VD� WUHDFD� XQ� H[DPHQ��&ROHJLL� vO� VIDWXLHVF� VD� VSXQD� WUHL� OXFUXUL� ��0LKDL�(PLQHVFX�� WUDFWRUDVH�PRWRUDVH� VL������3URIHVRULL�vQWUHEDQGX�O�SH�%XOD�FXP�vO�FKHDPD��HO�UDVSXQGH��0LKDL�(PLQHVFX���&H�DL�PD�vQ�FDS"�7UDFWRUDVH�PRWRUDVH��(VWL�QHEXQ"����������3URIHVRDUD�OXL�%XOD�HUD�vQ�UHODWLL�GH�SULHWHQLH�FX�SDULQWLL�OXL��ÌQWU�R�]L��vO�vQWUHDED�SH�%XOD�OD�VFRDOD�FH�L�PDL�IDF�SDULQWLL��5HODWLY�ELQH��GRDPQD�SURIHVRDUD��WDWD�vQVD��DUH�GLDUHH�3URIHVRDUD� vVL� H[SULPD� SDUHUHD� GH� UDX�� WUDQVPLWH� WDWDOXL� OXL� %XOD� XUDUL� GH� vQVDQDWRVLUH� JUDEQLFD�� 6FHQD� VH� UHSHWD� SHVWH� RVDSWDPkQD��VL�vQFD�XQD��VL�vQFD�XQD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��SURIHVRDUD��'DU�%XOD��GH�FH�ERDOD�VXIHUD�WDWDO�WDX�GH�DUH�GLDUHH�GH�DWvWD�YUHPH"�1X�VWLX��GRDPQD��GDU�R�DXG�SH�PDPD�vQ�ILHFDUH�QRDSWH�vQWUHEvQGX�O���1X�WL�VH�PDL�vQWDUHVWH�RGDWD�UDKDWXO�DOD"�����/D�VFRDOD�OD�%XOD�LQVSHFWLH��7HPD�OHFWLHL��6DUEDWRUL�QDWLRQDOH��3URIHVRDUD�FHUH�H[HPSOH�GH�OD�HOHYL��,RQHO��7RYDUDVD�SRUIHVRDUD����0DL��]LXD�RDPHQLORU�PXQFLL��%UDYR�,RQHO�%XOD��GLQ�IXQGXO�FODVHL��7RYDUDVD�SURIHVRDUD��&UDFLXQ�3URIHVRDUD��FX�PkQD�OD�JXUD��VSHULDWD���6VVW��WDFL��%XOD�0DULFLFD��7RYDUDVD�SURIHVRDUD�����$XJXVW��]LXD����%UDYR��0DULFLFD�%XOD��GLQ�IXQGXO�FODVHL��7RYDUDVD�SURIHVRDUD��&UDFLXQ�3URIHVRDUD��GLQ�QRX�FX�PkQD�OD�JXUD��VSHULDWD���6VVW��WDFL��WDFL�%XOD�*LJHO��7RYDUDVD�SURIHVRDUD����'HFHPEULH����%UDYR��*LJHO�

Page 55: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

%XOD��GLQ�IXQGXO�FODVHL��7RYDUDVD�SURIHVRDUD��&UDFLXQ�3URIHVRDUD��GLQ�QRX�FX�PkQD�OD�JXUD��VSHULDWD���7DFL�RGDWD��%XOD�,QVSHFWRUXO�FXULRV��/DVDWL�O��WRYDUDVD��VL�SH�HOHYXO�DVWD��VD�YHGHP�FH�DUH�GH�VSXV�%XOD��7RYDUDVD�SURIHVRDUD��&UDFLXQ�V�D�EDVLW�����7RW�OD�VFRDOD��vQ�SULPD�]L��SURIHVRDUD�vQWUHDED�GHVSUH�PHVHULLOH�SDULQWLORU��*LJHO��7DWD�H�PXQFLWRU��$WXQFL�VWDL�vQ�SULPD�EDQFD��*LJHO��$VD�VSXQH�VL�SDUWLGXO��0XQFLWRUL��WDUDQL��LQWHOHFWXDOL�,RQHO��7DWD�H�PDFHODU��*LJHO��WUHFL�WX�vQ�EDQFD�D�GRXD��LDU�WX�,RQHO��vQ�SULPD�EDQFD�)D]D�VH�UHSHWD�FX�GLYHUVL�FRSLL��FX�SDULQWL�FX�PHVHULL�GLQ�FHOH�PDL�LQWHUHVDQWH��6H�DMXQJH�VL�OD�%XOD��7DWD�H�OD�6HFXULWDWH��$WXQFL�%XOD��WX�R�VD�VWDL�vQ�SULPD�EDQFD��'DU��%XOD��FH�IDFH�WDWDO�WDX�DFROR"�1X�VWLX��DVHDUD�O�DX�OXDW�����3URIHVRDUD�OX�%XOD�VH�JkQGHVWH�VD�YRSVHDVFD�FODVD��2�vQWUHDED�SH�0DULD��0DULD��FXP�FUH]L�FD�DU�ILL�PDL�ELQH�VD�YRSVLP"�3DL�GRDPQD�vQYDWDWRDUH��HX�]LF�VD�YRSVLP�FX�YHUGH�SH�MRV��VL�URVX�SH�VXV����%XQ���EXQ���)RDUWH�LQWHUHVDQW���*LFD��WX�FXP�YUHL�VD�YRSVLP"�3DL���FX�JDOEHQ�SH�MRV�VL�FX�PRY�SH�VXV����0GD�����%XOD�FX�PkQD�SH�VXV����LQWHUHVDQW���%8/$��LD�]LL�WX��FXP�FUH]L�FD�DU�WUHEXLL�VD�YRSVLP"�3DL�����HX�]LF�VD�YRSVLP�FX�DOEDVWUX�SH�MRV��FX�JDOEHQ�SH�VXV��VL�I WHP�R�GXQJD�QHDJUD�SH�OD�PLMORF���ÌQYDWDWRDUHD�VH�VXSDUD��HWF��HWF�� vO�GXFH�MRV� OD�GLUHFWRU���vL� VSXQH�GLUHFWRUXOXL�FH�D�]LV�%XOD����OD�FDUH�GLUHFWRUXO��VH�JkQGHVWHSXWLQ�VL�]LFH��6D�PL�EDJ�S OD���DVD�IDFHP�����/D�LQVSHFWLH��vQYDWDWRDUHD�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�%XOD��%XOD�LD�VSXQH�PL�WX�FDUH�HVWH�FHD�PDL�IRORVLWRDUH�SDVDUH"�*DLQD��'H�FH�JDLQD�%XOD"�3DL�HD�SRDWH�IL�PkQFDWD�VL�vQDLQWH�GH�D�GH�QDVWH�VL�GXSD���%DQFXUL�FX�)DW�)UXPRV��)DW�)UXPRV�vL�]LFH�FDOXOXL��%D��FDOXOH��VWDL�DLFL�SH�ORF��HX�XUF�vQ�WXUQ�OD�,OHDQD�&RVkQ]HDQD��GD�GDFD�YLQH�]PHXO��VD�VDU�GUHSW�SH�WLQH�VL�VD�IXJLP�&DOXO��FH�VD�]LFD��DVWD�L�PLVLD�OXL�LQJUDWD��)DW�)UXPRV�XUFD��GXSD�XQ�WLPS�DXG�FLRFDQLWXUL�OD�XVD��)DW�)UXPRV�VH�D]YkUOH�SH�IHUHDVWUD��,OHDQD�VH�DUDQMHD]D��GHVFKLGH��FkQGFROR��OD�XVD��FDOXO��%DL��VSXQH�L�OX�)DW�)UXPRV�F�DIDUD�SORXD��DVD�FD�O�DVWHSW�DLFL���&LFD�)DW�)UXPRV�VH�GXFH�VL�HO�OD�R�PLFD�JDUJDUD�SH�OD�,OHDQD�&RVkQ]HDQD��FDUH�GHYHQLVH�QHYDVWD�]PHXOXL���&DOXO�vO�vQWUHDED�FH�R�VD�IDFD�GDFD�DSDUH�]PHX)DW�)UXPRV�vL�UDVSXQGH�FD�LPHGLDW�FH�DXGH�EDWDL�vQ�XVD��R�VD�VDUD�FX�SDUDVXWD�SH�JHDP���=LV�VL�IDFXW���6H�GXFH�)DW�)UXPRV�OD�,OHDQD�&RVkQ]HDQD��vQFHS�HL�WUHDED����LDU�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VH�DXG�EDWDL�vQ�XVD���)DW�)UXPRV�VDUH�SH�JHDP�LDU�,OHDQD�&RVkQ]HDQD�GHVFKLGH�XVD����(UD�FDOXO�OXL�)DW�)UXPRV��6SXQH�L�SURVWXOXL�DOXLD�FD�D�vQFXUFDW�SDUDVXWD�OXL�FX�VDFX�PHX�GH�RYD]������$�WUHLD�RDUD�VH�GXFH�IDW�)UXPRV�OD�,OHDQD�&RVkQ]HDQD�GDU�GH�GDWD�DVWD�YUHD�VD�PHDUJD�OD�VLJXU�VL�vVL�LD��FKLORWL�FX�HOLFH��&DOXOXL�vL�VSXQH��$VWHSWL�FXPLQWH�DLFL��GDFD�YLQH�=PHXO� HX� VDU�SH�JHDP� DMXQJ� MRV�FX�ELQH�FX�DMXWRUXO�FKLORWLORU� FX�HOLFH� VL� DSRL�R� OXDP� ODJRDQD�VD�QX�QH�SULQGD�EHVWLD���=LV�VL�IDFXW�)DW�)UXPRV�VH�GXFH�OD�,OHDQD�&RVkQ]HDQD��WUDJ�HL�OD�UDPH�VL�GHRGDWD�VH�DXG�EDWDL�vQ�XVD�)DW�)UXPRV�VDUH�SH�JHDP�,OHDQD�VH�DUDQMHD]D�VL�GHVFKLGH�XVD��=PHXO��0LURDVH�D�SDPkQWHDQ��&LQH�D�IRVW�DLFL"

Page 56: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�1LPHQL��QLPHQL�]LFH�,OHDQD�&RVkQ]HDQD�/D�FDUH�]PHXO�DUXQFD�R�SULYLUH�vPSUHMXU�VL�]LFH��'D�FKLORWLL�DVWLD�FX�HOLFH�D�FXL�VXQW"�����6H�EDWHD�)DW�)UXPRV�FX�%DODXUX��ÌO�SULQGH�%DODXUX�SH�)DW�)UXPRV�VL�O�WUkQWHVWH�GH�SDPkQW�EDJkQGX�O�vQ�SDPkQW�SkQD�ODJOH]QH��&KLDU�]EXUD�SH�DFROR�FRUEX�VL�]LFH�)DW�)UXPRV�FDWUH�FRUE��&RUEXOH�FRUEXWXOH�DGX�PL�XQ�FLRF�GH�DSD�VL�WL�YRL�GD�XQ�EDODXU�vQWUHJ�GH�KDOLW�$GXFH�FRUEX�XQ�FLRF�GH�DSD�OX�)DW�)UXPRV�VL�DVWD�vO�EDJD�SH�%DODXU�vQ�SDPkQW�SkQD�OD�JHQXQFKL��=LFH�%DODXUX�FDWUH�FRUE��&RUEXOH�FRUEXWXOH�DGX�PL�XQ�FLRF�GH�DSD�VL�WL�O�YRL�GD�SH�)DW�)UXPRV�VD�O�KDOHVWL�$GXFH�FRUEX�LDUD�XQ�FLRF�GH�DSD�VL�O�EDJD�%DODXUX�SH�)DW�)UXPRV�vQ�SDPkQW�SkQD�OD�EXULF��=LFH�)DWX�FDWUH�FRUE��&RUEXOH�FRUEXWXOH�DGX�PL�XQ�FLRF�GH�DSD�VL�WL�YRL�GD�XQ�EDODXU�vQWUHJ�GH�KDOLW�$GXFH�FRUEX�XQ�FLRF�GH�DSD�VL�)DWX�vO�EDJD�SH�%DODXU�vQ�SDPkQW�SkQD�OD�EUkX��=LFH�%DODXUX�FDWUH�FRUE��&RUEXOH�FRUEXWXOH�DGX�PL�XQ�FLRF�GH�DSD�VL�WL�O�YRL�GD�SH�)DW�)UXPRV�VD�O�KDOHVWL�$GXFH�FRUEX�VDUDFX� LDUD�XQ�FLRF�GH�DSD�VL�%DODXUX� vO�EDJD�SH�)DW�)UXPRV� vQ�SDPkQW�SkQD�OD�JkW��=LFH�)DW�)UXPRV�FDWUHFRUE��&RUEXOH�FRUEXWXOH�DGX�PL�XQ�FLRF�GH�DSD�VL�WL�YRL�GD�XQ�EDODXU�vQWUHJ�GH�KDOLW��'D�]LFH�FRUEX��'D�SDL�FH�S D�PHD�IDFHWL��YD�EDWHWL�VDX�EHWL�DSD������ÌPSDUDWXO�9HUGH�DYHD�WUHL�IHWH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�SOHDFD�HO�OD�UD]ERL�VL�OH�VSXQH�IHWHORU��)HWHOH�PHOH�HX�SOHF�OD�UD]ERL��'DFD�QX�R�VD�ILWL�FXPLQWL�XQGH�YD�VWDX�SLFLRDUHOH�DFROR�YD�YD�VWD�VL�FDSXO�3OHDFD�OD�UD]ERL�VL�VH�vQWRDUFH�GXSD�XQ�DQ��2�LD�SH�IDWD�FH�PDUH�VL�vL�DUDWD�XQ�VHUYLWRU�GH]EUFDW�V�R�vQWUHED��&H�HVWH�DVWD�IDWD�WDWLL��DUDWkQG�VSUH�VFXOD�VHUYLWRUXOXL��5DVSXQVXO�YHQL�SURPSW��+L�KL�KL�KL�KL��6D�L�VH�WDLH�FDSX�/D�IHO�VL�FX�FHD�PLMORFLH�&HD�PLFD�IRDUWH�PLUDWD��1X�VWLX�WDWD��FH�HVWH��+DL�IDWD�WDWL�VSXQH��'DU�QX�VWLX��7H�URJ�LR�VSXQH�PL�VL�PLH�FH�HVWH�ÌQ�ILQH�VH�ODVD�DVWD�vQGXSOHFDW�VL�L�VSXQH�FD�HVWH�R�S D��/D�FDUH�IDWD�H[FODPD���$VWD�S D"��6D�IL�YD]XW�OD�)DW�)UXPRV���8Q�JUXS�GH� WXULVWL� SULQ�$SXVHQL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��JDVHVF�R�SHVWHUD�� ,QWUD�� R� YL]LWHD]D�� WRWXO� HUD� IRDUWH� IDLQ�� QXPDL� FDPLURVHD�vQJUR]LWRU��&vQG�LHV�DIDUD��VH�vQWvOQHVF�FX�XQ�EDFL��ÌO�vQWUHDED��'RPQH��FH�H�FX�SHVWHUD�DVWD��H�IRDUWH�IUXPRDVD��GDU�GH�FH�SXWH�DVD�vQJUR]LWRU�vQDXQWUX"�$SDL�GUDJLL�PHL��UDVSXQGH�EDFLXO��H�R�vQWUHDJD�OHJHQGD��3H�YUHPXUL��vQDXQWUX�WUDLD�XQ�FDSFDXQ��'H�GRXD�RUL�SH�DQ�FRERUD�vQVDW�VL�UDSHD�FHD�PDL�IUXPRDVD�IHPHLH��7RW�DVD�SkQD�FkQG�DX�UDPDV�VDWHQLL�QXPDL�FX�XUkWHQLL�GH�IHPHL��SH�FDUH�QX�OH�PDL�I HDQLPHQL�� VL� GHFL� VDWXO� HUD� vQ� SUDJXO� GLVSDULWLHL��$WXQFL� V�DX� DGXQDW� VDWHQLL� VD� VH� VIDWXLDVFD� FXP� VD� VFDSH� GH� FDSFDXQ�� 6�DXJkQGLW�VD�vO�FKHPH�SH�)DW�)UXPRV��,�DX�GDW�XQ�ID[�VL�GXSD�R�VDSWDPkQD�D�YHQLW��$�LQWUDW�)DW�)UXPRV� vQ�SHVWHUD�� O�D�OXDW�SHFDSFDXQ�VL�O�D�vQILSW�SkQD�OD�JOH]QH�vQ�SDPkQW��&DSFDXQXO�V�D�HQHUYDW�VL�O�D�EDJDW�SH�)DW�)UXPRV�SkQD�OD�JHQXQFKL��$VWD�FH�VD�VH�ODVH�PDL�SUHMRV�"�ÌO�LD�SH�FDSFDXQ�VL�O�EDJD�SkQD�Q�EUkX�vQ�SDPkQW��&DSFDXQXO��FX�XOWLPHOH�SXWHUL��vO�LD�SH�)DW�)UXPRVVL�O� EDJD� SkQD� OD� VXEVXRUL�� )DW� )UXPRV�� QHUYRV� FD� GUDFX�� vO� LD� SH� FDSFDXQ�� vO� EDJD� SkQD� vQ� JkW�� VFRDWH� SDORVXO� VL�L� WDLHEHUHJDWD��6DWHQLL��IRDUWH�IHULFLWL��DX�WUDV�XQ�FKHI�GH�SRPLQD���YUHR�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL�DX�WRW�EDXW��&D�UDVSODWD�SHQWUX�)DW�)UXPRV�L�DX�GDW�R�SH�FHD PDL�IUXPRDVD�GLQWUH�XUkWHOH�SH�FDUH�OH�PDL�DYHDX��$VWLD�GRL�V�DX�FDVDWRULW�VL�DX�WUDLW�SkQD�OD�DGkQFL�EDWUkQHWLvQ�SHVWHUD��%LQH�GRPQH��GD�WRW�Q�DP�vQWHOHV��FH�SXWH�DVD�vQ�SHVWHUD"�$SDL�QX�VWLX��V�D�IL�FDFDW�YUHXQXO�SH�DFROR���2�SULHWHQD�R�vQWkOQHVWH�SH�,OHDQD�&RVkQ]HDQD��SH�KROXO�XQHL�PDWHUQLWDWL��0LUDWD��R�vQWUHDED��&H�IDFL�WX�DLFL��OD�PDWHUQLWDWH��,OHDQD�&RVkQ]HDQD"�$P�YHQLW�VD��)DW�)UXPRV��%DQFXUL�FX�,RQ�VL�0DULD��,RQ�VL�0DULD�HUDX�WUHFXWL�GH�SULPD�WLQHUHWH�VL�VIDWXO�VDWXOXL�HUD�vQJULMRUDW�GHVSUH�VRDUWD�FHORU�GRL��$VD�FD�VH�KRWDUv�FD�VD�VHIDFD�R�vQWDOQLUH�vQWUH�FHL�GRL�vQ�FDUH�DFHVWLD�VD�GLVFXWH�GHVSUH�SRVLELOLWDWHD�XQXL�PDULDM�LQWUH�HL�GRL�/D�vQWDOQLUH���0DL�0DULH�HX�GDFD�WX�FUH]L�FD�SXWHP�IDFH�R�FDVD�HX�vV�GH�DFRUG��0D�,RDQH�HX�FUHG�GD�DU�FDP�IL�R�SUREOHPD�SW�FD�XLWH�PLH�vPL�FDP�PLURDVH�S D�

Page 57: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�0DL�0DULR�QLFL�R�SUREOHPD�FDFL�HX�DP�XQ�GHIHFW�GLQ�QDVWHUH���QX�DP�PLURV�=LV�VL�IDFXW��1XQWD��ÌQ�QRDSWHD�QXQWLL�GXSD�FkWHYD�QXPHUH�GDWH�FX�IRF�GH�,RQ�DFHVWD�]LVH��0DL�0DULR�KDL�VD�GHVFKLGHP�XQ�SLF�IHUHDVWUD��0DL�,RDQH�DSRL�HX�WL�DP�VSXV�FD�PLH�vPL�PLURDVH��1X�PDL�0DULH�FD�WL�DP�VSXV�FD�HX�QX DP�PLURV�GDU�DVD�VLPW�FD�PD�XVWXUD�RFKLL���6H�IDF�FXUVXUL�VHUDOH�GH�/5&��OLPED�URPDQD�FRQWHPSRUDQD��OD�+XWXOHVWLL�1RL��0DULD�GD�VL�HD�FX�QDVXO�VD�YD]D�FH�L�VL�GLQ�FHLQ�FH�SDUH�PDL�LQWHUHVDWD�'LQ�FH�LQ�FH�YLQH�PDL� WLU]LX�DFDVD�VL�PDL�RERVLWD��'XSD�FLWHYD�VDSWDPLQL�GH�LULWDUH� LQ�FUHVWHUH��,RQ�LVL� LD� LQLPD�Q�GLQWL�VL�RLQWUHDED��0DL��0DULH��YRL��DFROR��OD�OHUHFHXO�DOD��QX�FXPYD����,QGXELWDELO��,RDQH���1XQWD�PDUH�vQWU�XQ�VDW�GH�PXQWH��7RW�VDWXO�VDUEDWRUHVWH�LQFOXVLY�,RQ�VWXGHQWXO��YLLWRUXO�LQWHOHFWXDO�DO�VDWXOXL�LQFOXVLY�0DULD�R� IDWD� WkQDUD�GDU�XUkWD� ��KDQGLFDSDWD� VL� FDP� VWUkPED��7RDWH�IHWHOH�PDUL� VL�PLFL� GLQ� VDW� URLDX�SH� OkQJD� ,RQ�1XQWD�H�vQ�WRL�'H�DWkWD�DWHQWLH�,RQ�VH�vPEDWD�SXWLQ�PDL�PXOW��0DULD�SULQGH�PRPHQWXO�VL�O�DWUDJH�SH�,RQ�vQ�VXUD�SURSXQHUHD�GH�D�IDFH�GUDJRVWH�YHQLVH�GLQ�SDUWHD�0DULHL�GH�FHO�SXWLQ����GH�RUL�vQ�DFHD�VHDUD���'XSD�OXQJL�LQVLVWHQWH�GHVL�vL�HUDVFkUED�,RQ�VH�GHFLGH�VL�IDF�GUDJRVWH�ÌQ�WLPSXO�DFWXOXL�0DULD�vQWUHDED��1X�L�DVD�,RRDQH�FD�DP�VL�HX�FHYD�IUXPRV�vQ�PLQH"�'D��GD�DL�GDU�LPHGLDW�R�VFRW�����&LFD�HUD�RGDWD�FD�QLFLRGDWD�FD�GH�Q�DU�IL�Q�DV�PDL�SRYHVWL���0DULD�VL�,RQ�vQ�QRDSWHD�QXQWLL�VL�HL��6L�,RQ�FkQG�HUD�VL�HO�PDL�vQFLQV�GXSD�QXPHURDVH�vQFHUFDUL��DXGH�R�YRFH�VXDYD�GH�0DULH��1R�PD�WX�,RDQH�YLQLH�RUJDVPX��/D�FDUH�,RQ�VXSDUDW��1R��DSRL�ID�WX�0DULH��&kQG�I W�HX�QX�YLQH�QLPH�����0DULD��R�WDUDQFXWD��YUHD�VD�IDFD�GUDJRVWH�FX�,RQ��WDXUXO�FRPXQDO��FDUH�vQVD�QX�R�SUHD�EDJD�vQ�VHDPD�'XSD�PXOWH�LQVLVWHQWH�UHXVHVWH�VD�O�FRQYLQJD��%LQH��]LFH�,RQ��GDU�DP�VL�HX�R�FRQGLWLH��vQ�WLPS�FH�R�IDFHP��WX�VSXL�OXQLOH�DQXOXL�=LV�VL�IDFXW��HUD�VD�VFULX�DOWFHYD���,D���LDQXDULH�IH���IHEUXDULH��PDUWLH��D���D��DSULOLH��PDL��PDL��PDL��LX���LXQLH�LX�LX�LX���LXOLH��DXXXX��DXJXVW�VVV���VHSWHPEULH�R��R�R����RFWRPEULH��QR�QR�QR����QRLHPEULH��GH���GH���GH����GH�FH�DL�VFRV�R�SURVWXOH"��(UD�,RQ�FX�QHYDVWD�vQ�GHVHUW��6L�PHUJ�HL��PHUJ�VL�DMXQJ�OD�R�RD]D��5RPkQX�VD�QWLQGH�OD�XPEUD��QHYDVWD�VH�GD�GXSD�QLVWH�WXIHVD�VH�SLVH�6H�DSOHDFD�HD�SH�YLQH�VL�GHRGDWD�DXGH��FUDQW��FUDQW��FUDQW������6H�VSHULH�VL�VH�PXWD�PDL�vQFROR��6H�DVHD]D�SH�YLQH����LDU��FUDQW�FUDQW��FUDQW�����6H�VSHULH�VL�PDL�WDUH�VL�O�VWULJD�SH�EDUEDWVX��0DL�,RDQH��YLQR�QFRD�FD�DXG�QLVWH�]JRPRWH�FDUH�PL�GD�ILRUL�SD�VLUD�9LQH�,RQ�VL�]LFH�+DL�ID��SLVH�WH�VD�YD]�FXP�VWD�WUHDED�6H�DSOHDFD�0DULD��GD�VD�VH�SLVH�VL�LDU�VH�DXGH��FUDQW��FUDQW��FUDQW�����6H�DSOHDFD�EDUEDWX��VH�XLWD�VL�]LFH��6D�ILX�DO�GUDFX�GDFD�DP�PDL�YD]XW�ODWHL�PkQFkQG�LDUED�����0DULD�VH�KRWDUDVWH�VD�VH�VSRYHGHDVFD�SRSLL�F�D�JUHVLW�FX�,RQ��ÌQ�DFHVW���FRQWH[W��vL�SRYHVWHVWH�FD�DX�WDYDOLW�vPSUHXQD�R�PDUHSDUWH�GH�RJRU�ÌQVD� SRSD� FXULRV� �YRUED� FLQWHFXOXL�� YUHD� VD� YDGD� FX� RFKLL� OXL�� ÌQWU�DGHYDU� OXFUXULOH� DVD� VWDWHDX� VL�� FXP� HO� YUHD� VD� VLUHFRQVWLWXLH�IDSWD��PDL�VWULFD�R�SDUWH�GLQ�RJRU�/D�SOHFDUH�LQVD�SDULQWHOH�FRQVWDWD�FD�PDL�H��GH�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD�D�GUXPXOXL��XQ�RJRU�LQWUHJ�IDFXW�IDUkPH��'RDPQH��0DULR��GDU�DFROR�FH�DWL�IDFXW��FD�QX�PL�VSXVHVL�GHFLW�GH�ORFX�DVWD��$DDD��ULGLFD�IHPHLD�LQGLIHUHQWD�GLQ�XPHUL��DFROR�V�R�WDYDOLW�VLQJXU�,RQ�FLQG�L�DP�VSXV�FD�DP�6,'$���,RQ�VH�vQVRDUD�VL�LQ�QRDSWHD�QXQWLL��VL�GHVFRSHUD�FD�0DULH�QX�PDL�HUD�YLUJLQD��1D�DFXPD�QX�L�HUD�SW�HO�FD�SH�HO�LO�GXUHD�LQ�S�OD�FD�DLD�QX�HUD�IDWD�PDUH�GD�WUHEXLDX�VD�L�YLQD�SDULQWLL�D�GRXD�]L�VD�YDGD�GDFD�0DULH�R�IRVW�YLUJLQD�&H�VD� IDFD��FH�VD� IDFD��KDL� V�R�GHD�SH�0DULH�FX�FHUQHDOD��GD�JKLQLRQ� FD�QX�PDL� DYHDX�FHUQHDOD� URVLH� vQ�FDVD��*DVHVWH� ,RQQXPD�R�FDOLPDUD�FX�FHUQHDOD�YHUGH�VL�R�GD�SH�0DULH�vQWUH�SLFLRDUH�'LPLQHDWD�YLQ�SDULQWLL�OX�,RQ��3ULPD�OD�FRQWURO��PD�VD��6H�XLWD��vVL�VWXFKHVWH�vQ�VkQ��vVL�IDFH�FUXFH�VL�R�LD�OD�IXJD��6H�XLWD�WDWDOX�,RQ�VL�FkQG�YHGH��2RR��DVD�EDLDWX�WDWLL��SkQ�OD�ILHUH��ILXOH��SkQ�OD�ILHUH�

Page 58: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

��,RQ�VL�0DULD�VH� LQWRUF�GH� OD�FRDVD�� ILHFDUH�FX�FDWH�R�FRDVD�SH�XPDU��0HUJ�SH�PDUJLQHD�GUXPXOXL��7UHFH�XQ�PRWRFLFOLVW�0DULD��,D�XLWH�,RDQH��DOD�Q�DYHD�FDS�&XP�VD�Q�DLED"�3OHDFD�GH�DLFL�FD�HVWL�SURDVWD�0DL�WUHFH�XQ�WLPS��ÌQFD�XQ�PRWRFLFOLVW��0DULD�=DX��,RDQH��QLFL�DVWD�Q�DYHD�FDS��&XP�VD�Q�DLED�FDS"�0DL�WDFL�GUDFXOXL�GLQ�JXUD�3HVWH�XQ�WLPS��DOW�PRWRFLFOLVW��0DULD�+DL�PD�,RDQH��GDFD�WL�]LF�FD�QLFL�DVWD�Q�DYHD�FDS��7DFL�GUDFXOXL�GLQ�JXUD�VL�vQWRDUFH�FRDVD�SH�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD���,RQ�VH�vQWRDUFH�GH�OD�FkPS�VL�R�JDVHVWH�SH�0DULD�vQ�SDW�FX�*KHRUJKH�SULHWHQXO�OXL�FHO�PDL�EXQ��'D�FX�FRDVD�GH�SDPkQW�VL�]LFH��1R�I L�ED�0DULH��&X�FHO�PDL�EXQ�SULHWHQ�DO�PHX"�"�&kWH�DP�IDFXW�HX�SHQWUX�WLQH���7H�DP�OXDW��WH�DP�HGXFDW�VL�vPEUDFDW�QX�WH�SXQ�VD�IDFL�GH�PkQFDUH���6L�WX�ED�*KHRUJKH����$P�IRVW�SULHWHQL�GH�PLFL�EDDDDD��&kWH�EDWDL�DP�OXDW�GH�OD�WDFWX�vQFHUFkQG�VD�WH�VFDS�SH�WLQH�EDDDD�����6LGDWL�R�LQ�S D�PHD�GH�WUHDED��PDFDU�QX�YD�PDL�I WHWL�FkQG�YRUEHVF�FX�YRL����6H�GXFH�,RQ�OD�0DULD�VL�L�VSXQH�FD�GDFD�QX�H�IDWD�PDUH�QX�R�LD�GH�QHYDVWD�0DULD�GLVSHUDWD�VH�GXFH�OD�PD�VD�FDUH�L�]LFH��XLWH�IDWD�PHD��IDFL�FXP�L�DP�IDFXW�HX�OX�WDFWX�vWL�EDJL�XQ�DUF�LQ�S D6H�GXFH�0DULD�OD�,RQ�VL�GXSD�FDWHYD��PLVFDUL��VDUH�DUFX�OD�FDUH�0DULD��8LWH�,RDQH�D�]EXUDW�SDVDUHD�YLUJLQLWDWLL����'D�,RQ��%LQH��ELQH��GD�]LL�VD�YLQD�LQDSRL�FD�D�SOHFDW�FX�FRDLHOH�PHOH������,RQ�VL�0DULD�vQ�QRDSWHD�FDVDWRULHL��VWDX�vQ�DFHODVL�SDW�HYLGHQW����0DULH��EDJD�PkQD�OD�PLQH�Q�SDQWDORQL��$P�EDJDW�R�,RDQH��(�PDUH�0DULH"�0DUH�,RDQH��(�WDUH�0DULH"�7DUH�,RDQH��'DSR�YH]L�FH�YkUWRV�PD�FDF"�"���0DULD�VL�/HQXWD�vQ�JUDGLQD�OD�FXOHV�PRUFRYL����/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��0DULDVFRDWH�XQ�PRUFRY�GH�YUHR����GH�FHQWLPHWUL�VL�vL�]LFH�/HQXWHL��,D�XLWH�GUDJD��XLWH�DVD�S D�DUH�VL�,RQ�DO�PHX����$VD�GH�PDUH��GUDJD"�1X����DVD�GH�PXUGDUD������0DULD�VL�,RDQD�OD�FXOHV�GH�VIHFOD��&XOHJ�HOH�FH�FXOHJ�VL�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�0DULD�VFRDWH�R�VIHFOD�LPHQVD�GLQ�SDPLQW�VL�]LFH��$X]L�ID�,RDQD��XLWLH�DVD�H�D�OX�,RQ�DO�PLHX�S D��&XP�ID�0DULH��DVD�GL�PDUL�H"�1X�ID��DVD�GL�PXUGDUD����,RQ�VH�SOLPED�FX�ELFLFOHWD�SH�FRDPD�GHDOXOXL��*KHRUJKH�LL�VWULJD�GLQ�YDOH��,RDQHHH����9H]L�ED��FD�WL�]GUDQJDQH�ODQWXO�GH�OD�ELFLFOHWDDD����1X�WH�DXG�*KHRUJKH��FD�PL�]GUDQJDQH�ODQWXO�GH�OD�ELFLFOHWDDDD������6H�QWkOQHVWH�,RDQ�FX�0DULD�SH�XOLWD�,RQ����9H]L�0DULH�FD�YLQ�GHVDUD�VD�WH�I W�0DULD����%LQH��,RDQH��DP�LQWHOHV�DOX]LD�WD�ILQD������0DPD�0DULHL�VWULJD�SHVWH�JDUGXO�FXUWLL��0DULH��LD�PDL�ODVD�O�RGDWD�SH�,RQ�VL�YLQR�DFDVD��%LQH��PDPD��vO�PDL�ODV�R�GDWD�VL�YLQ����'XSD�R�PDVD�FRSLRDVD��VWURSLWD�GLQ�EHOVXJ�FX�RDUHVFH��WDULH���,RQ�LHVH�QRDSWHD�VD�VL�UHJOH]H�FRQWXULOH�FX�DSDUDWXO�GLJHVWLY�ÌQWXQHULF�EH]QD��DVD�FD�,RQ�FDGH�vQWU�R�JURDSD�SH�FDUH�R�VDSD�vQ�FXUWH��'H]RULHQWDW��H[FODPD��7X�HVWL��0DULH"���0DULD�LQWUD�QRDSWHD�vQ�JUDMG�VL�VH�ORYHVWH�GH�RLVWHD�FDUXOXL�

Page 59: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�7X�HVWL�,RQHOH�"����)D��0DULH��WX�HVWL�IDWD�PDUH�"�&XP�WL�R�IL�QRURFXO��,RDQH������,RQ�R�vQWUHDED�SH�0DULD��)D��0DULH��WX�HVWL�IDWD�PDUH"�ÌQFD�QX������0DULD�YLQH�OD�VSRYHGLW��3DULQWH��PL�H�UXVLQH��DP�SDFDWXLW����6SXQH��IDWD�PHD��'XPQH]HX�LDUWD��$�YHQLW�DVHDUD�,RQ�OD�PLQH��PDPD�HUD�SOHFDWD����6SXQH��VSXQH��WDLFD��6L�,RQ�P�D�OXDW�vQ�EUDWH����6L��VL"�6L�PL�D�VSXV�VD�PD�GH]EUDF���6L"�6L�P�D�WUkQWLW�SH�SDW����6SXQH��VL"�6L�PL�D�GDW�FKLORWLL�MRV���6L��VL��PDL�GHSDUWH"�6L�D�YHQLW�PDPD���)L�WL�DU�PD�WD�D�GUDFXOXL����3RSD�YLQH�FX�%RWH]XO�OD�0DULD�DFDVD��3DULQWH��WH�DP�YLVDW�D]L�QRDSWH��(L��VH�SRDWH�IDWD�WDWL��VH�SRDWH����3DL��VH�IDFHD�FD�DL�YHQLW�OD�QRL�VL�,RQ�QX�HUD�DFDVD����(L��VH�SRDWH�IDWD�WDWL��VH�SRDWH�������VL�SDULQWH��VH�IDFHD�FD�P�DL�LQJKHVXLW�vQ�SDW�����(L��VH�SRDWH�IDWD�WDWL��VH�SRDWH�������VL�SDULQWH��VH�IDFHD�FD�PL�DL�IDFXW�IDSWD�DLD����(L��VH�SRDWH�IDWD�WDWL��VH�SRDWH�������VL�SDULQWH��VH�IDFHD�FD�OD�SOHFDUH�PL�DL�GDW������OHL����(L�YLVH�WDLFD��YLVH����,RQ�VL�FX�0DULD�DX�DYXW�VL�HL�SULOHMXO�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VD�YDGD��SRUQR���ÌQWU�R�VHDUD�YLQH�,RQ�GH�OD�FRDVD��0DULD�vL�SXQHIDVROHD�SH�PDVD��PkQFD�,RQ��GXSD�FDUH�]LFH��7X�0DULH��DPX�KDL�VD�IDFHP�SRUQR���7X�PD�,RDQH�PD��DSDL�LR�VXQW�DVH�GH�RERVLWD��GD�ID�WX�DFROR�vQWU�XQ�SDKDU�FD�DSRL�O�RL�EH�LR�PkLQH�GLPLQHDWD����0DULD�vL�PDUWXULVHVWH�VRWXOXL�HL��,RQ��FD�DVWHDSWD�XQ�FRSLO��$FHVWD�vQFHSH�VD�VL�GHD�FX�SXPQLL�vQ�FDS�GH�FLXGD��ÌQVD�QHYDVWDvO�DVLJXUD��/LQLVWHVWH�WH�GUDJD��WX�QX�DL�QLFL�R�YLQD�����,RQ�YL]LWHD]D�H[SR]LWLD�DPHULFDQD�GH�IHPHL�PHFDQLFH��7RDWH�WLSXULOH��3H�vQFHUFDWH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VH�DXG�QLVWH�WLSHWH�DSDU�FLWLYD�VXSUDYHJKHWRUL�,RQ��FX�S D�VkQJHULQGD��7RWL��FXULRVL�VD�YDGD�FH�V�D�QWkPSODW��,RQ�SOkQJkQG�SRYHVWHVWH�FD�Q�D�DYXW�XQ�GRODU�VL�D�EDJDW�GRDU���GH�FHQWL�6XSUDYHJKHWRUXO��1�DL�YD]XW�QHQRURFLWXOH�FD�DLFL�VFULH�FD�FX����GH�FHQWL�VH�DVFXW�FUHLRDQHOH"���&LFD�0DULH�VL�FX�,RQ�YRLDX�VD�VH�FDVDWRUHDVFD��3DULQWLL�0DULHL��vQVD��QX�SUHD�HUDX�GH�DFRUG��SHQWUX�FD�,RQ�HUD�VDUDF�7RWXVL�FDVDWRULD�DUH�ORF��WLQHULL�LQVXUDWHL�SOHDFD�vQ�OXQD�GH�PLHUH�HWF�&DQG�VH�vQWRUF��VH�PXWD�OD�EORF��'XSD�YUHR�VDSWDPDQD��XQ�YHFLQ�R�YHGH�SH�0DULH�GkQGX�VH�SH�EDOXVWUDGD��&H�IDFL��0DULH"�,D��FH�VD�IDF��vQFDO]HVF�PkQFDUHD����0DL�HUDX�FkWHYD�]LOH�SkQD�OD�QXQWD�VL�,RQ�QHUDEGDWRU��LQVLVWD�OD�0DULD�VDUXWkQGX�VH�OD�SRDUWD��,RQ�VH�URDJD�GH�0DULH���VD�OODVH�QXPDL�XQ�SLF��QXPDL�FDSXO�VD�O�EDJH�XQ�SLF�9LLWRDUHD�VRDFUD�VWDWHD�OD�JHDP�VL�DXGH��'DU��HD�GH�FROR��L�L�]LFH�OD�0DULH��$L�JULMD��IDWD�PHD�FD�S D�Q�DUH�XPHUL�

Page 60: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���,RQ�VL�0DULD�SURDVSDW�FDVDWRULWL��0DULH�GDFD�YUHL�VD�DL�YLDWD�FX�PLQH�WUHEXLH�VD�WLL�PLQWH�WUHL�OXFUXUL�&LQG�YL�YHQL�HX�SH�XOLWD�FX�FXVPD�SH�GUHDSWD�DWXQFL�VD�VWLL�FD�L�GH�ELQH��0kQFDP�QH�YHVHOLP�EHP���&kQG�VXQW�FX�HD�SH�VWLQJD�H�UDX�WDUH��/DVL�EOLGHOH�VL�IXJL�XQGH�RL�VWL��QXPD�Q�FDOHD�PHD�VD�QX�VWDL�FD�V�QHUYR]DW�(L�V�DSRL�FLQG�P�RL� YHGHD� YHQLQG� IOXLHULQG� FX� FXVPD� DVD�PDL� SH� VSDWH�� ODVL� WRW� GLQ�PkQD�� ODVL� WRDOHOH� VL� QXPD�Q� SDW� VD� WHJDVHVF�FD�V�FX�FKHI�WDUH�ÌQWHOHVX�P�DL"""�ÌQWHOHV�,RDQH�'DU�DP�VL�HX�R�UHJXOD��=L�0DULH��&LQG�YHL�YHQL�WX�DVD�GH�OD�FkPS�VL�P�RL�YHGHD�VWkQG�vQ�SRDUWD�FD�PD�XLW�OXQJ�FX�PkLQLOH� vQ�VROG��DSRL�VD�WL�GDL�FXVPD�DVD�PDL�SH�VSDWH������0DULD�VL�,RQ�OD�WDUD��VH�vQWRUF�HL�GH�OD�MRF�VL�vQ�GUXP�VSUH�FDVD��,RQ�R�SXSD�GXOFH�SH�0DULD�GLUHFW�SH�ERW��0DULD�vL�UDVSXQGHFX�XQVDUXW�OD�IHO�GH�GXOFH�9D]kQG�DVWD��,RQ��WXSHLVW�GLQ�ILUH�GD�VD�L�EDJH�PkQD�SH�VXE�FDPHVD��0DULD�VDUH�FD�DUVD�VL�R�WXOHVWH�VSUH�FDVD�&XP�DMXQJH�DFDVD��VFULH�vQ�MXUQDO��&HOH�PDL�EXQH�SULHWHQH�vPL�VXQW�SLFLRDUHOH�$�GRXD�VHDUD��OD�IHO��HO�R�SXSD��HD�LO�SXSD��HO�GD�VD�L�EDJH�PkQD�SH�VXE�FDPHVD��DVWD�SOHDFD�VL�VFULD�vQ�MXUQDO��&HOH�PDL�EXQH�SULHWHQH�vPL�VXQW�SLFLRDUHOH$�WUHLD�VHDUD�0DULD�DMXQJH�WkU]LX��GD�WkU]LX�GH�WRW�DFDVD��VL�VFULH�vQ�MXUQDO��&KLDU�VL�FHOH�PDL�EXQH�SULHWHQH�VH�GHVSDUW�RGDWD�VL�RGDWD����0DULD��0DL�,RDQH�WX�QX�P�DL�I W�GH�PXOW��QX�YUHL�VD�PD�I L�DFXPD",RQ��7UHFL�LQ�GRUPLWRU�ÌQ�GRUPLWRU�,RQ��'H]EUDFD�WH�6H�GH]EUDFD��ÌPEUDFD�WH�6H�vPEUDFD��'H]EUDFD�WH�6H�GH]EUDFD�����0DULD��'D�FH�IDFL�,RDQH�QX�PD�I L",RQ��$VD�P�DX�I WXW�VL�SH�PLQH�vQ�DUPDWD����0DULD��0DL�,RDQH�WX�QX�PDL�I WXW�GH�PXOW�,RQ��0DULH��DFXPD�FKLDU�FD�QX�DP�FKHI��GDU�VWLL�FXP�IDFHP"�&kQG�WH�VWULJ�RGDWD�WX�PHUJL�vQ�GRUPLWRU�FkQG�WH�VWLJ�D�GRXD�RDUD�WX�WH�GH]EDFL�VL�FkQG�WH�VWULJ�D�WUHLD�RDUD�WH�XUFL�LQ�SDW�'XSD�FkWHYD�]LOH���,RQ��0DULH��0DULD�VH�GXFH�vQ�GRUPLWRU�,RQ��0DULH���0DULD�VH�GH]EUDFD,RQ��0DULH��0DULD�VH�XUFD�vQ�SDW�,RQ��7X�0DULH��VXUD�DUGH�VL�WLH�WL�DUGH�GH�I W"���0DULD�GD�GLYRUW�GH�,RQ��6L�OD�SURFHV�LQWUHDED�MXGHFDWRUXO��'H�FH�YUHL�WX�0DULH�VD�WH�GHVSDUWL�GH�,RQ"�3DL�GRP�MXGHFDWRU��QH�DP�FDVDWRULW�GH���DQL�VL�QX�PL�R�IDFXW�QLPLF��,�DX]L�,RDQH��FXP�YLQH�DVWD"�3DL�GRP�MXGHFDWRU��Q�DP�FUH]XW�FD�L�DVH�JUDED�

Page 61: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���,RQ�VH�GXFH�VD�PXOJD�YDFD��3XQH�JDOHDWD�VXE�YDFD��R�PXOJH��FLQG�VD�JDWH�GDUkPD�YDFD�JDOHDWD�FX�SLFLRDUHOH�GLQ�IDWD��)XWX�WL�SLFLRDUHOH�PD�WLL�,D�,RQ�R�IUkQJKLH�vL�OHDJD�SLFLRDUHOH�GLQ�IDWD��LDU�R�PXOJH��FkQG�VD�WHUPLQH��YDFD�GD�FX�SLFLRDUHOH�GLQ�VSDWH�VL�GDUkPD�JDOHDWD��)L�WL�DU�SLFLRDUHOH�DOH�GUDFXOXL�,D�,RQ�DOWD�IUkQJKLH��OHDJD�SLFLRDUHOH�GLQ�VSDWH��QX�PDL�SXWHD�YDFD�VD�IDFD�QLFL�R�PLVFDUH��3XQH�LDU�JDOHDWD��PXOJH��FkQG�VDWHUPLQH�GD�YDFD�FX�FRDGD�VL�LDU�GDUkPD�JDOHDWD��(HH�I WX�WL�YDFD�PD�WLL�FX�FRDGD�FX�WRW�6H�HQHUYHD]D�,RQ��VFRDWH�EkUQHWXO�GH�OD�L]PHQH�VL�OHDJD�FRDGD�YDFLL�GH�R�EkUQD�GLQ�WDYDQ��&XP�R�OHJD�HO�L]PHQHOH�vL�FDG�vQYLQH�VL�WDPDQ�vQPRPHQWXO�DOD�LQWUD�0DULD�vQ�VXUD��7XODL�,RDQH�FH�IDFL�LFL"�&H�VD�]LF�ID��R�I W��FD�GDF�WL�]LF�FD�R�PXOJ�WRW�Q�R�VD�PD�FUH]L����,RQ�VL�0DULD�VH�GXF�OD�R�SHWUHFHUH��'XSD�R�YUHPH��GHMD�DPHWLWL��VH�GXF�vQ�IkQ�VL�VL�R�WUDJ�SXWHUQLF��GXSD�FDUH�0DULD�]LFH��,RDQH��GDFD�L�EDLDW��FXP�R�VD�L�]LFHP"�'DYLG�&RSSHUILHOG��]LFH�,RQ��VFRWvQGX�VL�WDFWLFRV�SUH]HUYDWLYXO����,RQ�VL�0DULD�VH�GXF�OD�RUDV�SHQWUX�SULPD�GDWD��,QWUD�OD�FLQHPDWRJUDI��$FROR�vQWXQHULF�EH]QD�9LQH�XQ�vQWkU]LDW�FDUH�vVL�FDXWD�ORFXO�FX�ODQWHUQD��/D�FDUH�,RQ��$L�JULMD�0DULH�FD�YLQH�R�ELFLFOHWD������,RQ�LHVLVH�FX�YDFD�OD�SDVFXW�SH�FkPS�VL�R�FKHDPD�VL�SH�0DULD�VD�DLEH�UHODWLL�VH[XDOH�DFROR�SH�WDUOD��'D�FH�GUDFX�VD�IDFD�FXYDFD"6L�R� OHDJD� GH�R�PkQD�&kQG�HUDX� vQ� IRFXO� DPRUXOXL�� XQ� EDU]DXQH�PXVFD� YDFD�� VL� YDFD� R� LD� OD� IXJD� vQFRWUR� YHGH� FX� RFKLL�WkUkQGX�O�SH�,RQ�GXSD�HD�0DULD�PDL�DSXFD�VD�L�VWULJH�GLQ�XUPD��,RDQHHH��ÌQWRDUFH�WH�SH�VSDWH��FD�VFRWL�WRWL�FDUWRILL�&$3�XOXL����/D�XQ�I L��,RQ�H[FODPD��0DULH��HVWL�GLYLQD����/D�FDUH�0DULD��%D��GL�YLQD�VXQWHP�DPkQGRL��,RDQH����0HUJH�0DULD�FX�MXQLQFD�GH�IXQLH�SH�XOLWD��'H�GXSD�JDUG�,RQ�R�QWUHDED��0DULH��G�DQ�GH�WH�GXFL"�/D�WDXU��%LQH��G�DWXQFL�FX�YDFD�FH�IDFL�"�������'RL�FLREDQL�����0DL��,RDQH��PDUH�OXFUX�vL�EHQRFX�DVWD�����&H�L�DO"����8Q�DVD�FHYD�GH�WH�XLWL�SULQ�HO�VL�YH]L�WRW�FH�L�GHSDUWH�FD�VL�FXP�DU�IL�OkQJD�WLQH�������6L�FH�IDFL�WX�FX�HO"�ÌPL�SODFH�VD�PD�XLW�VDUD�vQ�FDVLOH�RDPHQLORU�VD�YDG�FH�IDF���8LWH��DODOWD�VDUD��WH�DP�YD]XW�FH�vL�IDFHDL�OX�0DULD����&H�IDLQ�RIRVW��������6WLL�FHYD��*KHRUJKH"�)DF�FHYD�SH�EHQRFOX�DOD��FD�QX�L�EXQ�GH�QLPLF��(X�QLFL�Q�DP�IRVW�DFDVD�DODOWD�VDUD�������0DULD��OD�FRDVD��&XP�FRVHD�HD�DVD��YLQH�XQXO�SH�OD�VSDWH�VL�vL�IDFH�IHOXO��'DU�UHSHGH��6L�SOHDFD�0DULD�VXSDUDWD�VH�GXFH�DFDVD��OD�EDUEDVX��0D�,RDQH��VWLL��HUDP�D]L�OD�FRDVD�VL�EOD��EOD���vL�H[SOLFD��8III��PDL�QHYDVWD��WDUH�VXSDUDWD�HVWL��GD�LD�VSXQH��FD�SRDWH�vO�UHFXQRDVWHP��QX�L�DL�YD]XW�SDUXO�PDFDU"�1X��]LFH�0DULD��FD�HUDP�FX�VSDWHOH����'D�GD���QLFL�PDFDU�RFKLL"�3DL�QX��QX�L�DP�YD]XW��'D����DLD�Q�DL�VLPWLW�R"�%D�GD��GDU�QX�HUD�GDFL�GH�SULQ�VDW����,RQ�VL�0DULD�HUDX�vQ�SDW����'LQWU�R�GDWD��0DULD�vL�]LFH�OXL�,RQ���0D�,RDQH��7UDJH�WX�R�EDVLQD�DVH�FXP�VWLL�WX��'D�GH�FH��WX�0DULH"�&�DVH�WL�SXW�SLFLRDUHOH���

Page 62: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���,RQ�VL�0DULD�V�DX�GXV�vQ�SDGXUH�VD�FXOHJD�PXUH��6L�ILLQGFD�HUD�PXOWD�OXPH��DX�FXOHV�PXUH����,RQ�VL�0DULD�LHV�GH�OD�PHGLF��7X��0DULH��]LVH�,RQ�XLWkQGX�VH�OD�PHGLFDPHQWHOH�SUHVFULVH��EXPELL�DVWLD�L�RL�EH��GD�FX�GRSXULOH�DVWHD�FH�RP�IDFH"�0D�GXF�VD�O�PDL�vQWUHE�R�GDWD�SH�GRPQX�GRIWRU��1X�WH�GXFH�FD�V�D�VXSDUD��0DULD�VH�GXFH�VL�LHVH�UHSHGH��2�]DV�VD�WL�OH�EDJL�vQ�IXQG��9H]L��W�DP�]DV�FD�V�D�VXSDUD������,RQ�VH�vQWDOQHVWH�SH�XOLWD�FX�0DULD��SH�FDUH�Q�R�PDL�YD]XVH�GH�PXOW���%XQD��,RDQH��&H�PDL�IDFL"0XOWDP�GH�QWUHEDUH��0DULH��&H�VD�IDF��P�DP�vQVXUDW��1R��DVWD�L�ELQH��%D�QX�L�ELQH�F�DP�OXDW�R�PXLHUH�EDWUDQD��1R�DVWD�L�UDX���'D��GDU�EDWUkQD�DYHD�FDVD��1R��DVWD�L�ELQH���'D��GDU�FDVD�D�DUV�1R�DVWD�L�UDX���'D��GDU�QX�L�DVD�UDX��'H�FH�"�$�DUV�VL�EDWUDQD�FX�FDVD�FX�WRW���1R��DVWD�L�ELQH�������,RDQH��DL�IDFXW�vQFKLVRDUH"�1�DP�IDFXW�QLFL�R�vQFKLVRDUH��0DULH��&kQG�DP�DMXQV�HX�DFROR�HUD�JDWD�IDFXWD����6HDUD�OD�FXOFDUH��vQ�SDW��,RDQH���&H�L��ID��ODVD�PD�VD�GRUP��,RDQH��1R��]L�RGDWD��8LWH�FD�DYHP�R�SORVQLWD�SH�SHUHWH��'DU�FH�DL�YUHD�VD�DYHP��XQ�*ULJRUHVFX�"����,RQ�VL�FX�0DULD�VWDX�OD�PDVD�'HRGDWD��,RQ�VH�VFRDOD�VL�vL�I WH�XQ�SXPQ�vQ�ERW�0DULHL��0DULD�VH�VFRDOD��VH�VWHUJH�GH�VvQJH�VL�O�vQWUHDED�SH�,RQ��%D�,RDQH��DVWD�R�IRVW�vQ�JOXPD�VDX�vQ�VHULRV"�2�IRVW�vQ�VHULRV��WX�0DULH��$KD��DWXQFL�H�vQ�UHJXOD��FD�DOWIHO��WX�PD�VWLL��HX�QX�SUHD�vQJKLW�JOXPH�GH�DVWHD����,RQ�FX�0DULD�vQWU�R�SRLHQLWD��0DULH��WLH�vWL�SODFH�FH�L�IDFH�WDXUXO�YDFLL�DOHLD"�ÌPL�SODFH��,RDQH��1X�YUHL�VD�IDF�VL�HX�OD�IHO"�7XODL��,RDQH��GD�DLD�L�YDFD�QRDVWUD����9DVLOH�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�VDW��3HVWH�JDUG�vO�YHGH�SH�,RQ�FDUH�vVL�EDWHD�WHPHLQLF�QHYDVWD��SH�0DULD��&H�IDFL�PD�,RDQH�"�ÌPL�UHSDU�PDVLQD�GH�VSDODW����,RQ��*KHRUJKH�VL�QHYHVWHOH�ORU�MXFDX�FDUWL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��OXL�*KHRUJKH�vL�FDGH�R�FDUWH�VXE�PDVD��&kQG�VH�DSOHDFD�VD�RULGLFH��YHGH�FD�QHYDVWD�OXL�,RQ�QX�DYHD�FKLORWL�5DPkQH�EORFDW� VL� FkQG� VH� ULGLFD�� HVWH� URVX�FD� UDFX��3XWLQ�PDL� WkU]LX�� VH� GXFH� vQ� EXFDWDULH� VD�PDL� DGXFD� FHYD� GH� EDXW� LDUQHYDVWD�OXL�*KHR�YLQH�GXSD�HO��7L�D�SODFXW�FH�DL�YD]XW"� vQWUHDED�0DULD��'DFD� WL�D�SODFXW��DWXQFL� FX�����VD�PD�IDFL��9LQHUL�GXSDPDVD�ÌRQ�HVWH� OD�FkPS�VLSXWHP�VD�QH�R�SXQHP�*KHRUJKH�IDFH�QLVWH�FDOFXOH�VL�DFFHSWD��9LQHUL��YLQH�*KHRUJKH�OD�0DULD��vL�IDFH�IHOXO�VL�vL�GD�����&kQG�YLQH�ÌRQ�GH�OD�OXFUX��R�vQWUHDED�GLUHFW�SH�0DULD��$�WUHFXW�DVWD]L�FXPYD�*KHRUJKH�SH�DLFL�VL�WL�D�GDW����"0DULH�EORFDWD��UHFXQRDVWH��'D����)RDUWH�ELQH�SHQWUX�FD�P�D�UXJDW�GH�GLPLQHDWD�VD�O�vPSUXPXW�FX�QLVWH�EDQL�VL�L�DP�GDW�����

Page 63: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���,RQ�VL�0DULH�VH�SOLPEDX�SULQ�RJUDGD��,RQ�vL�SXQH�OD�XQ�PRPHQGDW�PkQD�SH�VkQL�VL�VSXQH��0DULH���GDFD�DL�SXWHD�VD�GDL�ODSWH��QX�DP�PDL�DYHD�QHYRLH�GH�YDFD�GLQ�JUDMG�'XSD�XQ�WLPS��,RQ�vL�EDJD�PkQD�vQ�FKLORWL�VL�vL�VSXQH��0DULH��GDFD�DL�SXWHD�IDFH�RXD��QX�QH�DU�PDL�WUHEXL�JDLQL�6H�PDL�SOLPED�FH�VH�PDL�SOLPED��vL�EDJD�VL�0DULH�PkQD�vQ�SDQWDORQL�VL�]LFH��,RDQH��GDFD�WX�DL�SXWHD�VD�I WL�FD�WDXUXO��QX�DP�PDL�DYHD�QHYRLH�GH�YHFLQ������0DULD�GD�GLYRUW�GH�,RQ��6L�OD�SURFHV�vQWUHDED�MXGHFDWRUXO��'H�FH�YUHL�WX�0DULH�VD�WH�GHVSDUWL�GH�,RQ"�3DL�GRP�MXGHFDWRU��QH�DP�FDVDWRULW�GH���DQL�VL�QX�PL�R�IDFXW�QLPLF��,�DX]L�,RDQH��FXP�YLQH�DVWD"�3DL�GRP�MXGHFDWRU��Q�DP�FUH]XW�FD�L�DVH�JUDED����0DULD�VL�,RQ�OD�WDUD��VH�vQWRUF�HL�GH�OD�MRF�VL�vQ�GUXP�VSUH�FDVD��,RQ�R�SXSD�GXOFH�SH�0DULD�GLUHFW�SH�ERW�0DULD�vL�UDVSXQGH�FX�XQ�VDUXW�OD�IHO�GH�GXOFH��9D]kQG�DVWD��,RQ��WXSHLVW�GLQ�ILUH�GD�VD�L�EDJH�PkQD�SH�VXE�FDPHVD�0DULD�VDUH�FD�DUVD�VL�R�WXOHVWH�VSUH�FDVD��&XP�DMXQJH�DFDVD��VFULH�vQ�MXUQDO��&HOH�PDL�EXQH�SULHWHQH�vPL�VXQW�SLFLRDUHOH�$�GRXD�VHDUD��OD�IHO��HO�R�SXSD��HD�vO�SXSD��HO�GD�VD�L�EDJH�PkQD�SH�VXE�FDPHVD��DVWD�SOHDFD�VL�VFULH�vQ�MXUQDO��&HOH�PDL�EXQH�SULHWHQH�vPL�VXQW�SLFLRDUHOH�$�WUHLD�VHDUD�0DULD�DMXQJH�WkU]LX��GD�WkU]LX�GH�WRW�DFDVD��VL�VFULH�vQ�MXUQDO��&KLDU�VL�FHOH�PDL�EXQH�SULHWHQH�VH�GHVSDUW�RGDWD�VL�RGDWD����ÌRQ�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�3HWUH��0D�FXP�GUDFX�V�R�FRQYLQJ�SH�0DULD�V�R�LD�VXV"�3DL�H�DVD�GH�VLPSOX��GD�WL�S D�FX�1XWHOOD�$�GRXD�]L�VH�vQWDOQHVF�LDU�3HWUH��FXULRV��vO�vQWUHDED�GDFD�L�D�XUPDW�VIDWXO��2�GHVLJXU����6L�D�OXDW�R"�3DL�FUH]L�FD�R�PDL�DYXW�ORF�GH�FRSLL""���ÌQWU�R�VHDUD���,RQ�VL�0DULH��GXSD�R�FHDUWD�vQIRFDWD���KRWDUDVF�VD�QX�VL�PDL�YRUEHDVFD��6H�SXQ�HL�vQ�SDW��LDU�,RQ��FDUH�WUHEXLDVD�VH�WUH]HDVFD�GH�GLPLQHDWD�vL�VFULH�XQ�ELOHWHO�0DULHL��7UH]HVWH�PD�OD�RUD����'LPLQHDWD��OD�RUD�����VH�WUH]HVWH�VL�,RQ��1HUYRV�QHYRLH�PDUH��VH�XLWD�vQ�SDW�VL�JDVHVWH�XQ�DOW�ELOHW��(VWH�RUD����ERXOH�7UH]HVWH�WH�����,RQ�VL�0DULD�RDPHQL�FX�VWDUH�vQ�VDW�JD]GXLHVF�R�SHUHFKH�WkQDUD�GLQ�)UDQWD�FDUH�YHQLVHUD�FX�DMXWRDUH��0DULD�QHDYkQG�VRPQQRDSWHD� WUDJH�FX�RFKLXO�SH�JDXUD�FKHLL� OD� FHL�GRL��)UDQWX]RDLFD� vVL� VFRDWH� ELNLQL�� vL� IOXWXUD� SH� OD� QDVXO� IUDQFH]XOXL� FDUH� VHvQILHUEkQWD�OD�FXOPH�VL�SXQH�WH�VL�GDL���0DULHL�vL�YLQ�VL�HL�SRIWHOH�VH�GXFH�OD�,RQ�FDUH�GRUPHD��vVL�VFRDWH�OXGRYLFLL�VL�vL�IOXWXUD�SH�OD�QDVXO�DFHVWXLD��,RQ�VDUH�GLQ�VRPQFD�IULSW�VL�VWULJD��0DULH��VDUL�VL�DGX�SXVFD�FD�DX�GDW�GLKRULL�������,RQ�FX�0DULD�OD�R�UHSUL]D�GH�VH[�9DVLOH�� FH� GXOFH� HVWL���� FH� EXQ� HVWL��9DVLOH����&H� ELQH�R� IDFL�� VFXPSXO�PHX�9DVLOH���� (VWL� FHO�PDL� WDUH��9DVLOH���� HVWL� XQLF�9DVLOH����'DU��QX�WH�VXSDUD��GH�FH�vPL�VSXL�PHUHX�9DVLOH"�3H�PLQH�PD�FKHDPD�,RQ��,RQ"�$��GD����$P�FUH]XW�FD�D]L�HVWH�MRL������1X�D�IRVW�GHORF�XVRU�SHQWUX�,RQ�VD�R�FRQYLQJD�SH�0DULD��GDU�SkQD�OD�XUPD�VH�SDUH�FD�D�UHXVLW�2PXO�QRVWUX�vQFKLULD]D�R�FDPHUD�vQWU�XQ�KRWHO�GH�OX[�VL�R�LQYLWD�SH�GRPQLVRDUD�OD�FLQD��vQDLQWH�GH�D�GXFH�VXV��vQ�FDPHUD��VL�DIDFH�VH[�FX�HD�0DULD��FRQVXPD�DEVROXW�WRW�FH�VH�SRDWH�GH�SH�PHQLX��GH�OD�DSHULWLY�VL�SkQD�OD�GHVHUW�1HUDEGDWRU��,RQ�DU�PHUJH�GHMD�vQ�FDPHUD�VD�VH�vQIUXSWH�GLQ�QXULL�IHPHLL�ÌQ�FHOH�GLQ�XUPD��R�vQWUHDED��6SXQH�PL��PHUHX�PDQkQFL�DWvW�GH�PXOW"=kPELQG�GXOFH��HD�vL�VSXQH��2��QX����1XPDL�FkQG�VvQW�SH�FLFOX������1HYDVWD�OXL�,RQ��0DULD�HVWH�VXUSULQVD�GH�DFHVWD�IDFvQG�VH[�FX�DPDQWXO�HL�ÌQ�JUDED�PDUH�vL�VSXQH��$VFXQGH�WH�vQ�VSDWHOH�WHOHYL]RUXOXL��LPHGLDW�

Page 64: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

,RQ�SRUQHVWH� WHOHYL]RUXO� VL�VL� VRDUEH�RELVQXLWD�EHUH��6DUPDQD�QHYDVWD� QX�PDL� VWLD� FXP� VD�O� IDFD�SH�EDUEDWX�VX� VD� LDVD�GLQFDPHUD�ÌQ�FHOH�GLQ�XUPD��VWULJD�GLQ�EXFDWDULH��,RDQH��YLQR�UHSHGH�VD�YH]L�FH�FLXGDWHQLH�PL�V�D�vQWvPSODW�$P�VFDSDW�R�IDUIXULH�GH�SRUWHODQ�SH�MRV�VL�PL�D�VDULW�vQDSRL�vQ�PkQD��LQWDFWD��$VWD�L�QLPLF��VWULJD�GLQ�FDPHUD�VRWXO��$GLQHDXUL�XQ�MXFDWRU�D�IRVW�SHQDOL]DW�FX�FDUWRQDV�URVX�VL�HOLPLQDW�GH�SH�WHUHQ�VL�D�LHVLWWRFPDL�SH�DLFL��SH�OkQJD�PLQH������ÌQYvUWLQGX�VH� FX� WUHEXUL� SULQ� FDVD��0DULD� QX� DUH� WLPS� VD�O� REVHUYH� SH� ,RQ�� VRWXO� VDX�� FDUH� RSULW� GLQ� FLWLWXO� ]LDUXOXL� RXUPDUHD�FX�XQ�]kPEHW�SH�EX]H�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�FvQG�IHPHLD�FXUDWD�DUDJD]XO�VL�VH�DIOD�FX�VSDWHOH�OD�HO��DFHVWD�vL�VSXQH��$L�XQ�IXQG�PDUH�FkW�R�EHWRQLHUD�)HPHLD�VH�UXVLQHD]D�SXWLQ��GDU�QX�VFRDWH�XQ�FXYkQW�VL�VH�KRWDUDVWH�vQ�VLQHD�HL�FD�L�R�YD�SODWL�FX�YkUI�VL�vQGHVDW�6HDUD�� OD�FXOFDUH��VH�vQWRDUFH�FX�IDWD� OD�SHUHWH�VL�QLFL� QX�O�EDJD�vQ� VHDPD�SH�,RQ��1HUDEGDWRU��EDUEDWXO� vQFHSH�VD�L�PvQJkLHIXQGXO�1HUYRDVD��VRWLD�OXL�VH�vQWRDUFH�VL�L�VSXQH��&UH]L�FD�SHQWUX�GRXD�SLHWULFHOH�DWvW�GH�PLFL�GDX�GUXPXO�VD�IXQFWLRQH]H�R�EHWRQLHUD�DWvW�GH�PDUH�"���0DULD�VXSDUDWD��,RDQH��FH�IDFL"�&LQH�WL�D�VSXV�FD�SRWL�VD�vWL�EDJL�DVD��SXU��VL�VLPSOX�PvLQLOH�VXE�IXVWD�PHD"�7RDWD�OXPHD������,RQ�FDWUH�0DULH��0DULH��KDL�vQ�SRUXPE��1X�PD�GXF��,RDQH��QX�PD�GXF��0DULH��KDL�R�GDWD�vQ�SRUXPE��,RDQH��QX�PD�GXF��0DULH��'DFD�QX�YLL�R�vQFXUFL��,RDQH��QX�PD�GXF��'LQ�WUHL�PRWLYH����vV�YLUJLQD���GH�FDWH�RUL�PD�GXF�vQ�SRUXPE�PD�GRDUH�VSDWHOH����,RQ��PkQGUX�IHFLRU��vVL�FXPSDUD�SDQWRIL�QRL�GH�OD�RUDV��ÌL�OXVWUXLHVWH�IUXPRV�VL�PHUJH�OD�GLVFR�2�LD�SH�9DVLOLFD�OD�GDQV��VL�GXSD�FH�VH�WRW�XLWD�R�YUHPH�OD�SDQWRIL��vL�]LFH��9DVLOLFR��WX�DL�FKLORWL�DOEL��&XP�vQGUD]QHVWL"��3RUFXOH��QHVLPWLWXOH��GX�WH�QDLELL��VL�L�WUDJH�GRXD�SDOPH�6WD�,RQ�R�YUHPH�VL�R�LD�SH�)ORDUH�OD�GDQV��'DQVHD]D�FX�HD��VH�XLWD�QRQ�VWRS�OD�SDQWRIL��VL�%20%$��)ORDUH��WX�DL�FKLORWL�UR]�SH�WLQH��,RDQH��FXP�vQGUD]QHVWL"�1HVLPWLWXOH��SRUFXOH��WLFDORVXOH��VL�SDI��SDI�vL�WUDJH�GRXD�SDOPH�1X�VH�ODVD�,RQ�VL�R�LD�SH�0DULD�OD�GDQV��'DQVHD]D�FX�HD�FH�GDQVHD]D��VH�XLWD�OD�SDQWRIL��PDL�GDQVHD]D�FX�HD�� LDU� VH�XLWD� ODSDQWRIL�ÌQWU�XQ�ILQDO��FX�MXPD�GH�JXUD��0DULH��WX�DL�FKLORWL�QHJUL���+D��,RDQH��WL�DP�IDFXW�R��FD�Q�DP�FKLORWL�SH�PLQH��9DL��DWXQFL�P�DP�OLQLVWLW��FUHGHDP�FD�PL�V�RU�FUDSDW�SDQWRILL����,RQ�VL�0DULD�vQ�SDW����,RDQH��GRUPL"�'D�ID��FH�YUHL"�%D�,RDQH��ED��0DL�WUDJH�GUDFXOXL�VL�R�EDVLQD��FD�DVD�GH�UDX�vWL�SXW�SLFLRDUHOH��GH�QXPD������0DULH�VH�GXFH�OD�ELVHULFD��vQJHQXQFKHD]D�vQ�IDWD�DOWDUXOXL�VL�QFHSH�VD�VH�URDJH�IDFkQGX�VL�FUXFH��'RDPQH��PD�PDULW�PkLQH�FX�,RQ��GDU�GD�'RDPQH�VD�ILX�IDWD�PDUH��GD�'RDPQH�GD�VD�ILX�IDWD�PDUH��GD�'RDPQH�GD�VD�ILX�IDWDPDUH��GD�QX�FUHG������,RQ�VH�GXFH�OD�SRSD�VDWXOXL��6WLL�SDULQWH��XLWH���QH�DP�OXDW�LR�FX�0DULH��2RR��IHOLFLWDUL��]LFH�SRSD��3RW�VD�YD�DMXW�FX�FHYD"�$SDL�VWLL�SDULQWH��LR�QX�SUHD�VWLX�FH�VD�IDF���3RSD�vQFXUFDW�VH�XLWD�DIDUD�VL�L�YLQH�LGHHD��8LWH�,RDQH�FkLQLL�DLD�vQ�GUXP��IDFL�FH�IDF�VL�HL�6H�XLWD�,RQ�VL�SOHDFD�PXOWXPLW��3HVWH�FkWHYD�]LOH�VH�vQWLOQHVWH�SRSD�FX�,RQ��1R��,RDQH��FXP�R�IRVW��ELQH"

Page 65: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�%LQH�R�IRVW�SDULQWH��]LFH�,RQ�PXOWXPLW��PDL�JUHX�R�IRVW�SkQD�DP�VFRV�R�SH�0DULH�vQ�GUXP����6H�LDX�,RQ�VL�0DULH��ÌQ�QRDSWHD�QXQWLL�,RQ�SHVWH�0DULH��'D�0DULH��VSXQH�PL�QX�V�JULHX"�1X�,RDQH��KDLGH�3HVWH���PLQXWH��'D�0DULH��QX�V�JULHX"�7DFL�,RDQH�VL�KDLGH�0DL�WUHF���PLQXWH���'D�0DULH��FKLDU�QX�V�JULHX"�$SX�,RDQH�GUDJD�FH�IDFHP�DFXPD�QH�I WHP�VDX�QH�FkQWDULP"���,RQ�VL�0DULD�VWDWHDX�vQ�SDW��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�,RQ�]LFH��)D�0DULH��LD�EDJD�PkQD�OD�PLQH�vQ�SDQWDORQL�0DULD�VH�H[HFXWD��(��FH�]LFL�ID"�&H�VD�]LF��PD�,RDQH"�(�PDUH�ID"�(�PDUH��,RDQH��(�WDUH�ID"�(�WDUH��,RDQH��ÌWL�SODFH�ID"�ÌPL�SODFH��,RDQH��3DL�SODFD�WL��ID��FD�SHQWUX�WLQH�O�IDFXL����,RQ�VL�0DULD�vQ�SDWXO�FRQMXJDO�vVL�YHGHDX�GH�WUHDED��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�0DULD�H[FODPD��,RDQH��vWL�PLURV�SLFLRDUHOH���6L�,RQ�UDVSXQGH�VLFWLULW��'DFD�YUHL�WX�0DULR�����7X�0DULH��FX�FLQH�VHDPDQD�FRSLOXO�QRVWUX"0DL�,RDQH��GHJHDED�vWL�VSXQ�FD�QX�O�FXQRVWL����0DULD��,RDQH��D�FD]XW�R�VWHD��SXQH�WL�R�GRULQWD��0L�DP�SXV�R��6L�FH�PDL�DVWHSWL"�����0DULH��WLH�WL�DU�SODFHD�VD�ILL�EDUEDW"�'D��PDL�,RDQH��'DU�WLH"����0D�,RDQH��LDU�WH�DL�vPEDWDW�FD�XQ�SRUF��7DFL�ID�0DULH���VXQW�vQGHDMXQV�SHGHSVLW�FD�WUHEXLH�VD�WH�YDG�GXEOX����,RQ�VL�0DULD�VHDUD�OD�FXOFDUH��0DULD��,RDQH��/DVD�PD�VXQW�RERVLW��,RDQH��ÌQ�VHDUD�DVWD�QX��0DL�,RDQH��PDL��,RQ��vQWRUFkQGX�VH�VSUH�0DULD���+DL�]L�FH�YUHL�FD�VD�WHUPLQDP�PDL�UHSHGH��8LWH�R�SORVQLWD�SH�SHUHWH��'DU�FH�DL�YUHD�V�DYHP�XQ�*ULJRUHVFX�"����0DULD�VL�,RQ�WLQHUL�DPRUH]DWL��'XSD�R�SOLPEDUH�SH��FRUVR���,RQ�R�FRQGXFH�SH�0DULD�DFDVD��&kQG�DMXQJ�vQ�IDWD�SRUWLL��,RQ�vL]LFH�OXL�0DULD��+DL��ID�0DULH��VD�IDFHP�VL�WUDED�DLD����,RDQH�GUDJD�QX�SRW�GLQ�WUHL�PRWLYH��XQX�FD�VXQW�IDWD�PDUH��GRL�FD�SRDWH�WUHFH�FDUHYD�SH�XOLWD�VL�QH�YHGH��VL�WUHL�FD�GH�FkWH�RULPD�UHJXOH]�vQ�SRDUWD�vPL�LQWUD�FODQWD�LQ�F U�VL�DVD�PD�GRU�VDOHOH������,RQ�XUPHD]D�VD�VH�QVRDUH��7DLFD�VDX�vO�LD�GHRSDUWH��VL�O�LQVWUXLHVWH��9H]L��WDWD��WUHEXLH�V�R�SXL�VD�VH�GH]EUDFH��VD�GHD�MRV�EXGLJDLL��HWF���

Page 66: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

ÌQ�ILQH��YLQH�QRDSWHD�QXQWLL�,RQ�VH�UDVWHVWH�OD�0DULD��'H]EUDFD�WD��ID�0DULD��$ROHX��PL�H�UXVLQH�HWF��'H]EUDFD�WH�FD�EDJ�FXWLWX�LVWD�Q�WLQH�0DULD�VH�GH]EUDFD��$VD��DFX�GD�MRV�EXGLJDLL��9DL�YDL���6SHULDWD��PLUHDVD�GD�MRV�EXGLJDLL�,RQ�vL�FHUFHWHD]D�SH�WRDWH�SDUWLOH��&H�QDLED��PL�R�]LV�WDWD�FD�DLFL�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH�R�JDXUD������,RQ�FUHVWHD�YUHR����GH� VFURDIH� VL�QX�JDVHD�FX�QLFL� XQ� FKLS�XQ�SRUF�GH�SUDVLOD�� ÌQFHUFDVH� HO� FDP�SHVWH� WRW� VL� HUD� IRDUWHVXSDUDW�FDFL�DU�IL�GRULW�VD�VL�vQPXOWHDVFD�DYHUHD��0HUJH�,RQ�OD�YHWHULQDU�VD�VH�VIDWXLDVFD��'RPGRFWRU��SRDWH�JDVHVWL�PDWDOH�SULQ�FDUWL�YUHXQ�OHDF��R�OLFRDUH�VD�PL�IDFD�VFURDIHOH�SXUFHL�&DXWD�YHWHULQDUXO�SULQ�FDUWL��GD�FkWHYD�WHOHIRDQH����QLPLF��8LWH�FH�H��,RDQH��QX�WL�UDPkQH�GH�IDFXW�GHFkW�XQ�VLQJXU�OXFUX���VD�OH�IXWL�VLQJXU�,RQ��FDP�GHVFXPSDQLW��VH�vQWRDUFH�DFDVD��vL�SRYHVWHVWH�0DULHL�ID]D��FH�VD�IDFD"�XUFD�VFURDIHOH�vQ�FDPLRQ�VL�PHUJH�FX�HOH�vQSDGXUH�VD�QX�O�DIOH�VDWXO�VL�FX�PXOWD�VkUJXLQWD� vVL� IDFH�WUHDED��9LQH�DFDVD�UXSW�GH�RERVHDOD�VL�VH�FXOFD� IDUD� VD�PDQkQFH��$GRXD�]L��OD�IHO�VL�QLPLF��ÌO�VXQD�,RQ�SH�YHWHULQDU��'RPGRFWRU��GD�FXP�VWLX�HX�FD�QX�PXQFHVF�vQ�]DGDU"�3DL�GDFD�D�GRXD�]L�GXSD�FH�OH�DL�IXWXW�vV�FXPLQWHOH�VL�FXUDWHOH�VL�VWDXOLQLVWLWH��VD�VWLL�FD�V�D�SULQV��GDFD�V�QHOLQLVWLWH�WUHEXLH�VD�PDL�vQFHUFL�,RQ�VH�VFRDOD�D�GRXD�]L�GLPLQHDWD��VFURDIHOH�JXLWD�GH�]RU�VL�VH�WDYDOHVF�vQ�QRURL��/H�VXLH�,RQ�LDU�vQ�FDPLRQ�VL�KDL��OD�SDGXUH��6HvQWRDUFH�FRFRVDW��$�GRXD�]L�GLPLQHDWD��)D��0DULH��XLWD�WH�VL�WX�OD�VFURDIHOH�DOHD��YH]L�QX�V�RU�IL�SRWROLW�6H�VFRDOD�0DULD�GLQ�SDW��VH�XLWD�SH�JHDP�VL�]LFH��$SRL��,RDQH��WUDMH�QDGUDMLL�SD�WLQH��FD�V�GHMD�UkQGXLWH�WRDWH�Q�FDPLRQ����,RQ�VL�0DULD�VHDUD�vQ�SDW��OD�YRUELWRU����,RQ�FXJHWD��0DL� 0DULH�� XLWH� WX� FH�WL� SURSXQ�� &RSLL� QRVWUL� DX� FUHVFXW���� VL� QH� DXG� WRW� PHUHX� FD� QH� WkUJXLP� FkQG� VD� QH� DSXFDP� GHGUDJRVWH����$VD�FD�YD�WUHEXL�GH�DFXP�VD�IDFHP�FHYD�FDUH�VD�QX�PDL�ILH�DX]LW�GH�FRSLL�VD�QH�IDFHP�GH�UXVLQH�FD�HX�YUHDX�VL�WXQX�8LWH�FH�IDFHP��FkQG�QH�FXOFDP�VL�WX�YUHL�VD�IDFHP�GUDJRVWH��DWXQFL�PL�R�EHOHVWL�GH�WUHL�RUL��GDFD�QX�YUHL�DWXQFL�PL�R�EHOHVWL�GH�����GH�RUL����0DULD�D�IRVW�DQXQWDWD�GH�SROLWLH�FD�L�D�PLHUOLW�EDUEDWXO�vQWU�XQ�DFFLGHQW�VL�R�URDJD�SH�YHFLQD�VD�VD�R�vQVRWHDVFD�OD�PRUJDSHQWUX� D�O� UHFXQRDVWH�� $MXQJ� HOH� OD� PRUJD� VL� FkQG� WUDJH� OHJLVWXO� WDUJD�� GH� VXE� FHDUVDI� VH� VFXUJH� SvQD� OD� SRGHD�� S DUDSRVDWXOXL�,RQ��9DL��VSXQH�YHFLQD��VL�D�EDUEDWXOXL�PHX�H�OD�IHO��/D�IHO�GH�OXQJD"�1X��OD�IHO�GH�PRDUWD����6H�vQWRDUFH�,RQ�GH�OD�XQ�FXUV�GH�UHFLFODUH��DPDUkW�VL�QHUYRV��0DULD�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�H�FX�WLQH��,RDQH��GH�FH�WH�DL�VXSDUDW�DVD�GH�UDX"�(VWL�QHJUX����+DL�PDL�ELQH�VD�IDFHP�GUDJRVWH�FD�VL�DVD�WL�DP�GXV�GRUXO�GHQXPDL�HX�VWLX����'UDJD�PHD��VD�VWLL�FD�WUHEXLH�VD�WL�VSXQ�FHYD�FDUH�SUREDELO�WH�YD�VXSDUD�PXOW��"��6WLL��Q�DP�FXP�DVFXQGH�VL�WUHEXLH�VD�WL�VSXQ�FD�DP�JUHVLW��WH�DP�vQVHODW�VL��vQ�PRPHQWXO�GH�IDWD��WUHEXLH�VD�WL�GDX�GRXD�YHVWL�XQD�UHD�VL�XQD�EXQD����&H�YHVWH�UHD��,RDQH"�3DL�VD�YH]L��DP�OXDW�R�FLXSHUFD����6L�YHVWHD�EXQD"�&LXSHUFD�H�FRPHVWLELOD������,RQ�SURDVSDW�vQVXUDW�FDWUH�0DULD����'UDJD��ELQH�FD�DP�YHQLW�DFDVD����DVH�PL�GH�IRDPH�FD�WH�PDQkQF�GH�WRW����FH�PL�GDL�D]L�GH�FLQD"�1LPLF��,RDQH����Q�DP�VWLXW�FD�WUH�VD�IDF�PkQFDUH�VL�PD�WD�Q�R�WUHFXW�SH�DFLD������'DUD��PD�IRPHLH��GD�PL�WH�URJ�PDFDU�QLVWH�ODSWH����1�DP��3DL�FXP�QX�DL�FD�PD�QHUYH]L�DFXPD����'DUD�Q�DL�SXWXW�PXOJH�YDFD�FD�GRDUD�QX�VWD�GHJHDED�vQ�SRLDWD����'D��PD�,RDQH��LR�QX�VWLX�FXP�VD�PXOJH�R�YDFD���/D�FDUH�,RQ�GHMD�QHUYRV�SHVWH�PDVXUD��'RDUD�FXP��PD�SURDVWR��H[DFW�FXP�vPL�EHOHVWL�PLH�S D��QXPD�FD�LQYHUV�������,RQ�VL�0DULD�PDL�DYHDX�R�OXQD�SkQD�OD�FDVDWRULH��,RQ�vL�]LFH�0DULHL�

Page 67: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�)DL�0DULR�RULFXP�QH�FDVDWRULP�VWDL�VD�WH�DUG�VL�HX�DFXP�FD�QX�PDL�SRW��,RL��,RDQH�SkQD�OD�QXQWD�QX�VH�SRDWH�3HVWH�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL�DFHHDVL�vQWUHEDUH�DFHODVL�UDVSXQV��&X�WUHL�]LOH�vQDLQWH�GH�QXQWD�,RQ��)DL�0DULR��DP�vQWHOHV�FD�QX�YUHL�VD�WH�I L�SkQD�OD�QXQWD��GDU�PDFDU�SL D�PL�R�DUDWL"�%LQH�EDJD�FDSXO�VXE�IXVWD�PHD�,RQ�LHVH�WLQkQGX�VH�FX�PkQD�GH�QDV��)DL�0DULR�FUH]L�FD�PDL�UH]LVWD�DVWD�WUHL�]LOH�SkQD�OD�QXQWD"���,RQ�VL�0DULD�LQWUD�vQWU�R�JRVSRGDULH�GLQ�VDWXO�ORU��'XSD�FH�LQWUD�SH�SRDUWD�XQ�WDXU�vQFHSH�VD�IXJD�VSUH�HL��0DULD�LQWUD� vQFDVD�vQ�SRG�LDU�,RQ�IXJH�vQ�MXUXO�FDVHL�LDU�WDXUXO�GXSD�HO��'XSD����PLQXWH�0DULD�VWULJD��%D�,RDQH�IXJL�PDL�UHSHGH�FD�WH�DMXQJH�WDXUXO�/D�FDUH�,RQ�UDVSXQGH��7DFL�ID�QX�IL�SURDVWD�QX�YH]L�FD�VXQW�vQDLQWHD�OXL�FX���WXUH�����+DL�0DULH�vQ�VXUD��1X��FD�PD�I WL��1X�WL�ILH�IULFD��$WXQFL�GXSD�FH�VD�YLQ����0HUJ�,RQ�VL�0DULD�OD�JLQHFRORJ��'RP�GRFWRU��]LFH�,RQ��DYHP�R�SUREOHPD�6H�XLWD�GRFWRUX�OD�0DULD���DUDWD�ELQH��FH�PDL��ÌL�]LFH�OXL�,RQ��7UHFL�WX�GXSD�SDUDYDQ�VD�YDG�FH�SUREOHPD�DUH�GRDPQD�2�LQYLWD�SH�0DULD�SH�VFDXQ�VL�L�VSXQH�VD�VL�GHVIDFD�SLFLRDUHOH��$SRL�vQFHSH�VD�R�VWXGLH]H�FX�DWHQWLH��,RQ��GH�GXSD�SDUDYDQ���'RP�GRFWRU�LR�VWLX�FH�IDFL��&H�IDF�PD"�7H�XLWL�vQ�FXWLD�FX�PDLPXWH����7DFL�PD�FD�QX�VWLL�FH�YRUEHVWL�ÌQFHSH�GRFWRUXO�VD�R�VDUXWH�SH�0DULD����'RP�GRFWRU�LR�VWLX�FH�IDFL��7DFL�PD�RGDWD�6L�vQFHSH�GRFWRUX�VD�R�I WD�SH�0DULD����'RP�GRFWRU�LR�VWLX�FH�IDFL��&H�IDF�PD�FD�P�DP�VDWXUDW�GHMD�GH�WLQH����,HL�6,'$������,RQ�FDWUH�*KHRUJKH��%D��DL�DX]LW�FD�vQ�,VWDPEXO�VH�PkQFD��VH�EHD��VH�GRDUPH�VL�VH�I WH�SH�JUDWLV"�'X�WH��PD��VL�PHUL�GH�DLFHD����'H�XQGH�VWLL"�$L�IR�WX�S�DFROR"�1X�GD�R�IRVW�0DULD�PH����LHUL�V�R�vQWRUV����,RQ�YLQH�OD�0DULD�vQ�YL]LWD�FX�XQ�EXFKHW�HQRUP�GH�IORUL��6H�DVHD]D�HL�OD�PDVD��GLVFXWD��WRWXO�H�QXPDL�ODSWH�VL�PLHUH����'XSDPDVD��0DULD�VH�ULGLFD�vQFHW�����VH�GH]EUDFD���VH�DVHD]D�SH�SDW����,RDQH���VFXPSXOH����DDKK���XLWH�R��DVWD�HVWH�SHQWUX�IORULOH�WDOH����0DULR��GDU�HUD�VXILFLHQWD�VL�R�YD]D������(SLWDI�SH�SLDWUD�IXQHUDUD�D�OXL�,RQ��0DULH��DFXP�PD�FUH]L�FD�HUDP�EROQDY�����(UD�9DVLOH�VL�,RQ�VL�YRLDX�VD�IDFD�R�EDLH��/D�UkX�HUD�0DULD�FDUH�VSDOD�UXIHOH��&HL�GRL�VH�JkQGHVF�VD�L�R�SXQD��=LV�VL�IDFXW�7UHF�HL�OD�DFWLXQH��GDU�0DULD�QX�DUDWD�QLFL�XQ�VHPQ�GH�SODFHUH��QX�JHPHD�QX�]LFHD�QLPLF��$�GRXD�]L�OD�IHO��0DULD�QLPLF��$WUHLD�]L�vQWkOQHVF�XQ�PDJDU�VL�vO�LDX�FX�HL��ÌO�SXQ�HL�GHVFXUDMDWL�VL�SH�DQLPDO�OD�WUHDED�GXSD�FH�YDG�FD�0DULD�QX�D�GDW��FD�VL�SkQDDFXP��QLFL�XQ�VHPQ�OD�DFWLXQLOH�ORU��3OHFkQG�R�DXG�GLQ�VSDWH�SH�0DULD��%DL�WX�DOD�FX�JHDFD�GH�SLHOH�VD�PDL�WUHFL�VL�PkLQH�SH�DLFL��������$L�XUOD���0DULH���GDFD�WL�DV�GD�DFXP�FKLORWLL�MRV�VL�WL�DV�SXQH�R�"�9DL���DVD�FHYD�vQFD�Q�DP�IDFXW���1�DL�PDL�IDFXW�VH[�"�1X���QLFLRGDWD�Q�DP�XUODW�����,RQ��SH�SDWXO�GH�PRDUWH��0DULH��LR�DPX�PD�GXFP�PXOW�QX�PDL�DP��GD�YUHX�VD�VWLX�VL�HX��P�DL�vQVHODW�WX�YUHRGDWD"/D�FDUH��0DULD�

Page 68: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�$SDL�PD�,RDQH�GUDJD��LR�WL�DV�]LFH��GDGDFD�QX�PRUL"������ÌQWU�R�]L��,RQ�YLQH�JUDELW�OD�0DULD�VL�vL�VSXQH��0DULH��GH]EUDFD�WH�VL�YLQR�UHSHGH�LQ�SRG�0DULD�UDVSXQGH��,RDQH��GRDU�VWLL�FD�QX�SRW�FDW�WLPS�FRSLL�VXQW�DFDVD�$�GRXD�]L�OD�IHO��$�WUHLD�]L�WRW�OD�IHO��$�SDWUD�]L��0DULD�VH�KRWDUDVWH�VD�O�XUPH]H�SH�,RQ�LQ�SRG��,RQ�VSXQH��0DULH��GXWH�UHSHGH�VL�WH�EDJD�VXE�SDWXUD�0DULD�VH�GXFH�VXE�SDWXUD�LDU�DSRL�YLQH�VL�,RQ��0DULD�EXFXURDVD�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�,RQ��6L�DFXP�FH�IDFHP",RQ��9LQR�PDL�DSURDSH�FD�YUHDX�VD�WL�DUDW�FHYD��,D�XLWH�FH�FHDV�FX�IRVIRU�PL�DP�OXDW����,RQ�FXPSDUD�RGDWD�XQ�YLGHR�VL�QLVWH�FDVHWH�SRUQR��$�GRXD�]L�SOHDFD�FX�WUHDED�0DULD��FD�WRW�RPX�LD�VL�SULYHVWH�FDVHWHOH�DOHDVL�YHGH�ID]H�FDUH�R�vQFkQWD��'XSD�FH�YLQH�LRQ�DFDVD�0DULD�vL�]LFH��,RDQH����IX H�PD�Q�JXUD�/D�FDUH�,RQ�vL�IULJH�XQ�SXPQ�]GUDYDQ����,RQ�DMXQJH�vQ�5DL�VL�PHUJkQG�HO�SH�DFROR�YHGH�FD�DSURDSH�WRDWH�IHPHLOH�IDFHDX�������SDVL�VL�DSRL�R�WXPED��1HGXPHULW�VHGXFH�OD�'XPQH]HX��'RDPQH�GH�FH�WRDWH�IHPHLOH�PHUJ�FH�PHUJ�VL�DSRL�VH�GDX�SHVWH�FDS"�$VWD�OH�HVWH�SHGHDSVD��UDVSXQVH�'XPQH]HX��3HQWUX�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�VL�DX�vQVHODW�EDUEDWXO�VH�GDX�SHVWH�FDS��%LQH�GDU�0DULD�PHD""��(D�HVWH�YHQWLODWRUXO�GH�OD�LQWUDUH������,RQ�YRLD�GH�PXOWD�YUHPH�VD�L�R�SXQD�0DULHL�VL�VH�UXJD�GH�HD�vQ�ILHFDUH�]L��+DL��ID�0DULH�VD�WL�R�SXQ�VL�HX�R�GDWD��)XJL�GUDFX�GH�DFL��PDL�ELQH�R�FRV��GHFDW�VD�PL�R�SXL�WX�$]L�DVD��PkLQH�DVD��SkQD�FkQG�0DULD��VDWXOD�GH�UXJDPLQWL��FHGHD]D�'XSH�FH�WHUPLQD��,RQ�vL�]LFH��)D�0DULH��VD�Q�R�FRVL�ID��FD�H�SDFDW��GDU�YUHR�GRXD�WUHL�SOLXUL�DU�IL�ELQH�VD�L�IDFL����'XSD�QRDSWHD�QXQWLL��,RQ�H�vQWUHEDW��,RDQH��D�IRVW�0DULD�IDWD�PDUH�"�([DJHUDW�GH�PDUH�����,RQ� HUD� vQVXUDW� FX� 0DULD�� XQD� GLQ� FHOH� PDL� DUDWRDVH� IHPHL� GLQ� RUDV�� 7UHEXLH� VD� SOHFH� ,RQ� vQWU�R� GHOHJDWLH� GH� GRXDVDSWDPvQL��6WLD�FD�WRWL�EDUEDWLL�GLQ�RUDV�UkYQHVF�OD�0DULD��DVD�FD��VH�GXFH�OD�FHO�PDL�EXQ�SULHWHQ�DO�VDX��*ULJRUH��0DL�*ULJRUH��PDL��WX�VWLL�FvW�GH�PXOW�R�LXEHVF�HX�SH�0DULD�VL�FkW�GH�PXOW�WLQ�HX�OD�FLQVWHD�HL"�6LJXU�FD�VWLX��PDL�,RDQH��6WLL�WX�PDL�*ULJRUH��FD�WRWL�EDUEDWLL�GLQ�RUDV�UkYQHVF�OD�HD"�6WLX��PDL�,RDQH��PDL��8LWH��PDL�*ULJRUH��HX�WUHEXLH�VD�SOHF�vQ�GHOHJDWLH�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL�VL�DV�YUHD�VD�VWLX�FH�IDFH�0DULD�PHD�vQ�WLPSXO�DVWD��7X�HVWLFHO�PDL�EXQ�SULHWHQ�DO�PHX��GH�DFHHD�DP�YHQLW�OD�WLQH�VD�PD�DMXWL��6SXQH��PDL�,RDQH��PDL��FXP�VD�WH�DMXW"�3DL��VD�R�XUPDUHVWL�VL�DSRL��FkQG�RL�YHQL�HX�GLQ�GHOHJDWLH��VD�PL�]LFL�FH�D IDFXW��%LQH��PDL�,RDQH��PDL��DVD�R�VD�IDF�3OHDFD�,RQ�vQ�GHOHJDWLH��*ULJRUH�VH�SUH]LQWD�OD�XVD�OXL�&kQG� VH� vQWRDUFH� ,RQ�� GH� OD� JDUD� VH� GXFH� GLUHFW� OD� *ULJRUH� DFDVD�� SHQWUX� UDSRUW�� %DWH� OD� XVD�� UDVSXQGH� PHQDMHUD�� FDUH� vOLQIRUPHD]D�FD�*ULJRUH�H�vQ�VSLWDO�GH�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL��)XJD�OD�VSLWDO��vO�JDVHVWH�SH�*ULJRUH�EDJDW�WRW�vQ�JKLSV��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW��PDL�*ULJRUH��PDL��FX�WLQH"�3DL��QX�P�DL�UXJDW�WX�VD�R�VXSUDYHJKH]�HX�SH�0DULD�WD��PDL�,RDQH��PDL"�%D�GD��$WXQFL�VD�WL�VSXQ�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW��7X�DL�SOHFDW�OD�������HX�OD������HUDP�OD�XVD�WD��/D������LHVH�0DULD�SDUIXPDWD��vPEUDFDWDVXSHUE��6H�GXFH�vQ�VWDWLH��LD�DXWREX]XO��HX�GXSD�HD��&RERDUD�vQ�FHQWUX��LD�WUDPYDLXO��HX�GXSD�HD��&RERDUD�GLQ�WUDPYDL�VL�LQWUDvQWU�XQ�EORF�OD�FDUH�WRDWH�OXPLQLOH�HUDX�VWLQVH��1X�SXWHDP�VD�LQWUX�GXSD�HD��FD�PD�YHGHD��$P�DVWHSWDW�DIDUD�VD�YDG�XQGH�VHDSULQGH�R�OXPLQD��6�D�DSULQV�OD�HWDMXO�WUHL��6XE�IHUHVWUH�HUD�XQ�FRSDF�vQDOW��DVD�FD��P�DP�VXLW�UHSHGH�VD�YDG�FH�VH�vQWkPSOD��,�DGHVFKLV�XVD�XQ�EDUEDW�WkQDU��ELQH�IDFXW��vQ�SLHOHD�JRDOD��(D�VDUH�GH�JkWXO�OXL��HO�R�VDUXWD��HD�vO�VDUXWD��HO�R�LD�vQ�EUDWH�VL�R�GXFHvQ�GRUPLWRU��R�DVHD]D�SH�SDW�VL�R�GH]EUDFD��(D�vQFHSH�VD�VH�MRDFH�FX��FKHVWLD��OXL��HO�vQFHSH�VD�VH�MRDFH�FX��FKHVWLD���HL��HXvQFHS�VD�PD�MRF�FX��FKHVWLD��PHD��VL�DVD�DP�FD]XW�GLQ�FRSDF��'H�DLD�VXQW�vQ�JKLSV�DFXPD����,RQ�IDFHD�DXWRVWRSXO��2SUHVWH�XQ�VRIHU�ELQHYRLWRU��VL�,RQ�vO�URDJD�VD�YLQD�FX�HO�SkQD�OD�PDUJLQHD�SDGXULL�GH�OkQJD�VRVHD�FDDUH�R�SUREOHPD��&kQG�DMXQJ�vQ�SDGXUH��,RQ�VFRDWH�XQ�FXWLW�FkW�XQ�LDWDJDQ�VL�]LFH�

Page 69: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�)D�R�ODED��7X�HVWL�QHEXQ"�'DFD�QX�IDFL�R�ODED�WH�WDL�)DFH�WLSXO�R�ODED�GH�IULFD�VL�vL�VSXQH�,RQ��0DL�ID�XQD��(X�RSUHVF�VD�WH�DMXW�VL�DVD�WH�SRUWL�FX�PLQH"�0DL�ID�R�ODED�FD�DOWIHO�WH�WDL�FX�FXWLWXO�0DL�IDFH�WLSXO�R�ODED��ÌL�VSXQH�,RQ��0DL�ID�XQD�FD�WH�RPRU��3RWL�VD�PD�WDL��VD�PD�RPRUL�FD�HX�QX�PDL�SRW��1X�PL�VH�PDL�VFRDOD��%LQH��0DULR��YLQR�FD�WH�GXFH�GRPQXO�SkQD�vQ�RUDV�%DQFXUL�FX�0RV�&UDFLXQ��Ì�&H�H�PDUH��URVX��VL�VH�]YkUFROHVWH�vQ�]DSDGD"5�0RV�&UDFLXQ�GXSD�FH�D�SULPLW�XQ�VXW�vQ�FRDLH���Ì�&H�H�XQ�SXQFW�URVX�DJLWkQGX�VH�SH�DOE"5�8Q�0RV�&UDFLXQ�ORYLW�vQ�RXD�����Ì�&H�H�URVX�FX�DOE�VL�QHJUX�SHVWH�WRW"5�0RV�&UDFLXQ�YHQLQG�SH�KRUQXO�FDVHL�����7ULXQJKLXO�%HUPXGHORU�V�D�VDWXUDW�GH�YUHPH�FDOGD�VL�V�D�PXWDW�vQ�$ODVND�$FXP�D�GLVSDUXW��IDUD�XUPD��0RV�&UDFLXQ�����Ì�'H�FH�D�IRVW�UHQXO�5XGROI�vQWUHEDW�GH�0RV�&UDFLXQ�GDFD�YUHD�VD�vL�WUDJD�VDQLD"5�5XGROI�D�IRVW�VLQJXUXO�UHQ�FDUH�DYHD�SHUPLVLXQH�GH�]ERU�����Ì�6WLWL�FLQH�HVWH�QHYDVWD�OXL�0RV�&UDFLXQ"5�0HUU\�&KULVWPDV���Ì�'H�FH�QX�DUH�0RV�&UDFLXQ�FRSLL"5�3HQWUX�FD�HO�YLQH�GRDU�R�GDWD�SH�DQ�VL�DWXQFL�SH�KRUQ�����0RV�&UDFLXQ�SRDUWD�XQ�FRVWXP�URVX���7UHEXLH�FD�H�FRPXQLVW���3RDUWD�EDUED�VL�SDU�OXQJ���7UHEXLH�FD�H�XQ�SDFLILVW���'D�RDUH�FH�R�IL�vQ�SLSD�GLQ�FDUH�IXPHD]D"��ÌQWU�R�VHDUD�IULJXURDVD�GH�LDUQD�R�WkQDUD�VWDWHD�SH�XQXO�GLQ�SRGXULOH�'kPERYLWHL�VL� VH�JkQGHD�FXP�VD�VFDSH�GH�YLDWD�DVWDDPDUD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�0RV�&UDFLXQ�VH�DSURSLH�VL�L�]LFH��&H�IDFL�WX�DLFHD��IDWD�PRVXOXL"�&H�VD�IDF��PRVXOH�� LDFD�VXQW�VXSDUDWD��FD�Q�DP�VHUYLFL��Q�DP�FDVD��Q�DP�EDQL�VL�PD�JkQGHVF�VD�PD�RPRU�VD�VFDS�GH� WRDWHQHFD]XULOH��(L�� IDWD�PRVXOXL��VWDL�FD�QX�L�GUDFX�DVD�GH�QHJUX��� ��8LWH��HX�SRW�VD�WL� vQGHSOLQHVF� WUHL�GRULQWH��DFXP��SH� ORF��6SXQH�� FH�WLGRUHVWL"�3DL��DV�YUHD�VD�DP�R�YLOD�vQ�&RWURFHQL�����6�D�IDFXW��DVWD�H�DGUHVD��VL�DVWHD�VXQW�FKHLOH�GH�OD�QRXD�WD�FDVD��$OWFHYD"�2�PDVLQD��PL�DU�IL�GH�PDUH�IRORV�����1LFL�R�SUREOHPD��vQ�JDUDMXO�FDVHL�XQ�0HUFHGHV�WH�DVWHDSWD��$�WUHLD�GRULQWD"�3DL��DV�YUHD�VD�DP�XQ�FRQW�vQ�EDQFD�FD�VD�PL�QX�PL�PDL�IDF�JULML�GLQ�FDX]D�EDQLORU�����ÌQ� FDVD� R� VD� JDVHVWL� XQ� FDUQHW� GH� FHFXUL�� DL� XQ� PLOLRQ� GH� GRODUL� vQ� EDQFD�� 'DU� VWLL� IDWD� PRVXOXL� FD� WRDWH� DVWHD� VD� VHvQGHSOLQHDVFD�WUHEXLH�VD�vQGHSOLQHVWL�R�FRQGLWLH�����6SXQH��0RV�&UDFLXQ��FH�WUHEXLH�VD�IDF"�3DL��DV�YUHD�VD�WH�DVH]L�LQ�JHQXQFKL�VL�VD�QFHUFL�XQ�VH[�RUDO��9DL��PRVXOH��QX�SRW�VD�IDF�XQD�FD�DVWD��&XP��SHQWUX�WRDWH�GRULQWHOH�FDUH�WL�OH�DP�LQGHSOLQLW"3LQD�OD�XUPD�IDWD�VH�ODVD�FRQYLQVD�VL�VH�DSXFD�GH�WUHDED��'XSD�YUHR���PLQXWH��PRVX�R�vQWUHDED�

Page 70: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�&kWL�DQL�DL�WX��IDWD�PRVXOXL"/XkQG�R�VFXUWD�SDX]D��IDWD�UDVSXQGH������PRVXOH��6L�OD�YkUVWD�DVWD��PDL�FUH]L�vQ�0RV�&UDFLXQ"�����&KLDU� vQDLQWH�GH�&UDFLXQ��XQ�SROLWLFLDQ� FLQVWLW�� XQ�DYRFDW�ELQHYRLWRU� VL�0RV�&UDFLXQ� VH� DIODX� vQ� OLIWXO� XQXL� KRWHO� IRDUWHVHOHFW�ÌQDLQWH�FD�XVD�VD�VH�GHVFKLGD�REVHUYD�R�EDQFQRWD�GH�R�VXWD�GH�PLL�FDUH�]DFH�SH�MRV�&DUH�GLQWUH�FHL�WUHL�FUHGHWL�R�ULGLFD""0RV�&UDFLXQ��GHVLJXU��FHLODOWL�GRL�QLFL�QX�H[LVWD����8Q�VHFXULVW�UDX��XQ�VHFXULVW�EXQ�VL�0RV�&UDFLXQ�LQWUD�vQ�UHVWDXUDQW�&RPDQGD�R�PDVD�SOLQD�GH�EXFDWH�VL��FvQG�VD�vQFHDSD��VH�VWLQJH�OXPLQD�'XSD���PLQXWH��VH�DSULQGH��GDU�PDVD�HUD�JRDOD��EXFDWHOH�GLVSDUXVHUD��&LQH�OH�D�PvQFDW"6HFXULVWXO�UDX�SHQWUX�FD�VHFXULVWXO�EXQ�VL�0RV�&UDFLXQ�VvQW�SHUVRQDMH�LPDJLQDUH����&LFD�HUD�0RV�&UDFLXQ�OD�R�VHUEDUH�VL�vPSDUWHD�FDGRXUL��9LQH�UkQGXO�XQHL�IHWLWH�GUDJDODVH�VL�PLWLWLFD�WDUH��0RVXO��8LWH�IHWLWD�GUDJDODVD�GDFD�vPL�VSXL�R�SRH]LH�vWL�GDX�GLQ�VDFXO�DVWD�PDUH�R�MXFDULH�PLFD�/D�FDUH�IHWLWD�GUDJDODVD��'D��GDFD�WL�VXJ�S D�vPL�GDL�WRW�VDFXO��������0RV�&UDFLXQ�FRERDUD�VFDULOH�XQXL�EORF��6D�QX�FXPYD�VD�IDFL�WkPSHQLD�VD�LQWUL�vQ�YRUED�FX�EDWUkQD�GH�OD�HWDMXO�GRL��vL�VSXQH�HO�LHSXUDVXOXL�GH�3DVWL������0RV�&UDFLXQ�VWD�vQ�VHDUD�GH�$MXQ�vQ�IDWD�OXL�%XOD��ÌL�DUDWD�FX�GHJHWXO�VL�vL�VSXQH��$L�IRVW�FXPLQWH�DQXO�DFHVWD"/D�FDUH�%XOD��7DWD�0RVXO�DVWD�PD�DPHQLQWD��6XQD�DYRFDWXO�������0RV�&UDFLXQ�VH�SOkQJH�XQXL�FROHJ�GH�EUHDVOD��6DFLL�FX�FDGRXUL�VH�IDF�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�JUHL��'DFD�PHUJH�PDL�GHSDUWH�WRW�DVD�QX�R�VD�OH�SRDWD�FDUD�QLFL�XQ�0RV��$L�GUHSWDWH�SULHWHQH��'H�DVWD�PL�DP�GDW�VHDPD�GHPXOW��6L�HX�QX�PDL�GXF�GHFkW�FDGRXUL�vQ�EDQL�VDX�FHFXUL�������6WLWL�FH�UHSUH]LQWD�YkUIXO�GH�SRUWHODQ�FDUH�VH�SXQH�OD�SRPLL�GH�&UDFLXQ"�2�]kQD��'H�FH"�6H�]LFH�FD�]kQHOH�vO�DMXWD�SH�0RV�&UDFLXQ�VD�VL�vPSDUWD�FDGRXULOH�VL�EUD]LL�GH�&UDFLXQ��ÌQWU�XQ�DQ�0RVXOXL�L�D�UDPDV�XQ�EUDGGH�SULVRV�VL�D�vQWUHEDW�XQD�GLQ�]kQH�FH�VD�IDFD�FX�HO��6L�GH�DFHHD�VWD�]kQD�DFHHD�vQ�YkUIXO�EUDGXOXL������Ì�'H�FH�DUH�0RV�&UDFLXQ�XQ�VDF�DVD�GH�PDUH"5�3HQWUX�FD�HO��YLQH��GRDU�RGDWD�SH�DQ�������0RV�&UDFLXQ�WLQHUHL�JDVLWD�JRDOD�SXVFD�SH�FDQDSHD��'DFD�R�IDF�QX�PDL�YLQ�OD�DQXO��'DFD�QX�R�IDF�OD�DQXO�LDUD��YLQ��SH�KRUQ���%DQFXUL�FX�6FXILWD�5RVLH��6FXILWD�5RVLH�PHUJHD�VSUH�EXQLFD�HL��(VWH�SULQVD�VL�YLRODWD�GH�OXSXO�FHO�UDX��(O�R�vQWUHDED��&H�DL�VD�L�VSXL�EXQLFLL�WDOH"�&D�P�DP�vQWkOQLW�FX�WLQH�VL�P�DL�YLRODW�GH�SDWUX�RUL��'H�SDWUX�RUL"�VH�PLUD�OXSXO��'D��6DX�WH�JUDEHVWL�vQ�DOWD�SDUWH"��6FXILWD�5RVLH�GXFH�VHDUD�WkU]LX�PkQFDUHD�OD�EXQLFD�HL��3HQWUX�DVWD�HD�WUHEXLH�VD�WUHDFD�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�HYLGHQW�DSDUH�OXSXOFDUH�L�VSXQH��(L��HL�6FXILWD�5RVLH��1X�WL�H�IULFD�DLFL� vQ�SDGXUH�VLQJXUD��QRDSWHD"�+RWLL�SRW�VD� WH�DWDFH��VD�WL� LD�PkQFDUHD��VL�EDQLL�VL�SRWFKLDU�VD�WH�YLROH]H�6FXILWD�VH�XLWD�VXUSULQVD�OD�OXS�VL�L�VSXQH�vQ�FHOH�GLQ�XUPD��$VFXOWD��PLFXWXOH��%DQL�QX�DP��PvQFDUH��vQ�FHO�PDL�UDX�FD]�PDL�DGXF�RGDWD��LDU�YLROXO�vPL�SODFH�OD�QHEXQLH�

Page 71: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

��0HUJHD�RGDWD�6FXILWD�5RVLH�SULQ�SDGXUH�FX�SDQHUDVXO�OD�EUDW��'H�GXSD�XQ�WXILV�DSDUH�OXSXO��+RSDDD���JDWD��6FXILWD�5RVLH��GH�GDWD�DVWD�QX�PDL�VFDSL��WH�PDQkQF��6SXQH�WL�XOWLPHOH�WUHL�GRULQWH��6D�IDFHP�GUDJRVWH�ÌQFHS�HL�DFWLXQHD���VL����OHVLQD�OXSXO��ÌVL�UHYLQH�OXSX�VL�R�QWUHDED�SH�6FXILWD�5RVLH�GH�D�GRXD�GRULQWD��6D�IDFHP�GUDJRVWH��VSXQH�HD�)DF�HL�GUDJRVWH�VL����PRDUH�OXSXO�025$/$����1X�ODVDWL�FXUYHOH�Q�SDGXUH�FDFL�GLVWUXJ�IDXQD���9DULDQWD�6FXILWD�5RVLH�vQ�SDGXUH��9LQH�OXSXO��+D��WH�DP�SULQV�6FXILWR��DFXP�WH�YLROH]��6WDL��PD�OXSXOH��KDL�V�R�IDFHP�VL�QRL�URPDQWLF��KDL�vQ�SRLDQD�FX�ODOHOH�6H�GXF�HL�vQ�SRLDQD�FX�ODOHOH��VH�XUFD�6FXILWD�SH�OXS��VL�vO�QHQRURFHVWH�GH�IDFH�VWRS�FDUGLDF��$SRL�6FXILWD�FXOHJH�WRDWH�ODOHOHOHVL�SOHDFD�PDL�GHSDUWH�6H�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�XUVXO��7H�DP�SULQV�6FXILWR��WL�R�WUDJ�DFXP��3XWLQ�URPDQWLVP�XUVXOH��KDL�vQ�SRLDQD�FX�YLROHWH�6H�XUFD�VL�SH�XUV��IDFH�VL�DVWD�VWRS��FXOHJH�WRDWH�YLROHWHOH��SOHDFD��6H�vQWDOQHVWH�FX�OHXO��(X�OHXO�UHJHOH�DQLPDOHORU��WH�DP�SULQV��WH�����6WDL�PD�OHXOH��KDL�VD�IDFHP�SXWLQD�DWPRVIHUD��KDL�vQ�SRLDQD�FX�PDUJDUHWH�6L�FX�OHXO�VH�vQWkPSOD�DFHODVL�OXFUX�FD�SUHGHFHVRULORU�VDL��FXOHJH�6FXILWD�WRDWH�PDUJDUHWHOH��SOHDFD�PDL�GHSDUWH�025$/$���QX�GXFHWL�FXUYHOH�vQ�SDGXUH�FD�GLVWUXJ�IORUD�VL�IDXQD���6FXILWD�5RVLH�VL�6FXILWD�5R]�VH�SOLPEDX�SULQ�SDGXUH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VH�vQWkOQHVF�FX�/XSX�6FXILWD�5RVLH��FDUH�VWLD�SRYHVWHD�D�OXDW�R�QWU�R�SDUWH�6FXILWD�5R]��FDUH�QX�R�VWLD��D�OXDW�R�Q�WRDWH�SDUWLOH���6FXILWD�5RVLH�PHUJHD�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�SOkQJHD�GLQ�WRWL�UDUXQFKLL��6H�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�YkQDWRUXO�FDUH�R�vQWUHDED��6FXILWD�5RVLH�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW�GH�SOkQJL�DVD"�9DLLLLLL���DP�IRVW�YLRODWD�GH�OXSXO�FHO�UDX��0GD�D]L�QX�DL�DYXW�R�]L�WRFPDL�EXQD�����9DULDQWD�GH�OD���6FXILWD�5RVLH�PHUJHD�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�SOkQJHD�GLQ�WRWL�UDUXQFKLL��6H�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�YkQDWRUXO�FDUH�R�vQWUHDED��6FXILWD�5RVLH�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW�GH�SOkQJL�DVD"�9DLLLLLL���DP�IRVW�YLRODWD�GH�OXSXO�FHO�UDX�9kQDWRUXO�vVL�GHVIDFH�SURKDEXO�OD�SDQWDORQL�VL�VSXQH��0GD�D]L�QX�DL�R�]L�WRFPDL�EXQD�����0DPD�vL�FLWHVWH�IHWLWHL�VDOH�SRYHVWHD�6FXILWHL�5RVLL��/D�VIkUVLW��9H]L��IHWLWD�PHD��GDFD�QX�HVWL�FXPLQWH�FH�SDWHVWL"�/DV�R�EDOWD��GRDU�D�IRVW�PLQFDWD�VL�EXQLFD��QX"���6FXILWD�5RVLH�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�SDGXUH�6H�QWkOQHVWH�FX�/XSX��6FXILWD�5RVLH��KDL�VD�QH�IDFHP�IUDWL�GH�FUXFH��&XP�/XSXOH"�3DL�WX�WH�WDL�OD�GHJHWHO�VL�HX�vWL�VXJ�VkQJHOH�VL�HX�PD�PSLHGLF�VL�WX�PL�VXJL�S D����6FXILWD�5RVLH�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�/XSX��=LFH�/XSXO��6FXILWD�5RVLH��KDL�VD�QH�MXFDP�GH�D�XUVXOHWLL��9DL��FH�IUXPRV���+DL�VD�QH�MXFDP��&XP�H�MRFXO�DVWD"�(�VLPSOX��7X�vPL�VXJL�SXOD�VL�HX�PRUPDL�GH�SODFHUH������ÌQ�SDGXUH��6FXILWD�5RVLH�VH�vQWvOQHVWH�FX�3LQRFKLR��ÌQFHS�VD�VH�]EHQJXLDVFD�VL�3LQRFKLR�FDGH�FX�QDVXO�VXE�IXVWLWD�6FXILWHL5RVLL��9DL��6FXILWD�5RVLH��vPL�FHU�VFX]H�FD�DP�QLPHULW�FX�QDVXO�WRFPDL�DFROR��GDU�DP�VD�O�VFRW�LPHGLDW��1X��QX�O�VFRDWH��ODVD�O�DFROR��PDL�ELQH�VSXQH�UHSHGH�FkWHYD�PLQFLXQL����6FXILWD�5RVLH�VH�vQWDOQHVWH�vQ�SDGXUH�FX�OXSXO��VL�LQWUD�vQ�YRUED��9DL�OXSXOH��FH�RFKL�DOEDVWUL�DL�/D�FDUH�OXSXO�

Page 72: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�&RDVWD�GH�D]XU����9DL�OXSXOH��FH�GLQWL�DVFXWLWL�DL��&RDVWD�GH�ILOGHV����9DL�OXSXOH��FH�VFXOD�PDUH�DL��&X�DVWD�WL�R�WUDJ����6FXILWD�5RVLH�OD�GLVFRWHFD��LDU�SH�SRVW�GH�'-�OXSXO��/XSXOH��DV�GRUL�VD�IDF�R�GHGLFDWLH����6H�SRDWH��GDU�VD�VWLL�FD�FRVWD��0XOW"�0XOW��'DU�HX�QX�DP�EDQL����1LFL�R�SUREOHPD��SRWL�VD�PL�SODWHVWL�vQ�QDWXUD����%LQH�6L�OXSXO�R�FRQGXFH�GXSD�FRUWLQD��VH�GHVIDFH�OD�VOLW��6FXILWD�5RVLH�vQJHQXQFKHD]D��vL�LD�OXSXOXL�VFKHPD�vQ�PkQD��R�GXFH�OD�JXUDVL�H[FODPD��$V�YUHD�VD�IDF�R�GHGLFDWLH������6FXILWD�5RVLH�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�vO�YHGH�SH�OXS�vQWU�XQ�WXILV��OXSXO�DYHD�RFKL�LHVLWL�GLQ�RUELWH�VL�HUDURVX�OD�IDWD��&H�L�FX�WLQH�OXSXOH"��vQWUHDED�HD��'$��78�18�9(=,�&$�0$�&$&��VWULJD�HO�IXULRV����6FXILWD�5RVLH��WUHFH�YRLRDVD�SULQ�SDGXUH��GXFkQGX�L�XQ�FRVXOHW�GH�PkQFDUH�EXQLFLL��'LQWU�R�GDWD�OXSXO�VDUH�SH�HD�GLQWU�XQWXILV� VL� R� YLROHD]D� FX� VDOEDWLFLH�� 'XSD� FRQVXPDUHD� HYHQLPHQWXOXL�� 6FXILWD� 5RVLH� vVL� UHYLQH� VL� PHUJH� OD� FDVD� YkQDWRUXOXL�$FHVWD�IDFH�UHFRQVWLWXLUHD��&XP�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�0�D�YLRODW�EHVWLDO��R�GDWD��6L�FXP"�$VD"6L�YkQDWRUXO�WUHFH�VL�HO�OD�DSDUDW����6L�PDL�GHSDUWH"�0�D�YLRODW�VL�D�GRXD�RDUD�6L�YkQDWRUXO�WUHFH�LDU�OD�DSDUDW����0�D�YLRODW�VL�D�WUHLD�RDUD�6L�YkQDWRUXO�vQFD�RGDWD�vQFHDUFD�VD�IDFD�UHFRQVWLWXLUHD����0�D�YLRODW�VL�D�SDWUD�RDUD�/D�FDUH�YkQDWRUXO�vQIXULDW�vQWUHDED��3DL�ELQH�VL�GH�EDWXW��FkQG�WH�D�EDWXW"�$��DVWD�FkQG�L�DP�VSXV�FD�DP�6,'$�������6FXILWD�5RVLH�PHUJHD�FX�PkQFDUH�OD�EXQLFD��6L��GXSD�FXP�VWLWL��WUHEXLD�VD�WUDYHUVH]H�SDGXUHD��6LQJXUD�ILLQG��vQ�SDGXUH��RSULQGH�OXSXO�VL�R�YLROHD]D��'XSD�FRQVXPDUHD�DFWXOXL��6FXILWD�SOkQJkQG��$DDDDK��FH�PL�DL�IDFXW��OXSXOH��FLQH�PD�PDL�LD�SH�PLQH�DFXP"/D�FDUH�OXSXO�WUDJkQG�FX�QHVDW�IXP�GLQ�WLJDUH��6WDL�SXWLQ�VD�WHUPLQ�WLJDUHD�VL�WH�PDL�LDX�HX�R�GDWD�����&H�L�]LFH�6FXILWD�5RVLH�OXL�3LQRFFKLR�DWXQFL�FkQG�VL�D�GDW�VHDPD�FXP�PHUJH�WUHDED"5�0LQWH�PD��=L�PL�DGHYDUXO��0LQWH�PD��=L�PL�DGHYDUXO�������6H�GXFH�6FXILWD�5RVLH�OD�EXQLFXWD��/XSX�QXPDL�FH�R�PkQFDVH�SH�EXQLFXWD�VL�QX�SDWLVH�QLPLF��2�PDQDQFD�VL�SH�6FXILWD�VLPRDUH��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW"5�6FXILWD�5RVLH�HUD�R�675,&$7$���%DQFXUL�FX�6LU�VL�-RKQ���,HUWDWL�PD�6LU��GDU�DP�LPSUHVLD�FD�YD�FDXWD�FLQHYD�OD�WHOHIRQ��&XP�DL�LPSUHVLD��-RKQ"�6DX�PD�FDXWD�FLQHYD�OD�WHOHIRQ�VDX�QX�PD�FDXWD��9HGHWL�6LU��FkQG�DP�ULGLFDW�UHFHSWRUXO��YRFHD�GH�OD�FHODODOW�FDSDW�D�VSXV���7X�HVWL��FDUDJKLRV�EDWUDQ��FKHO�VL�LGLRW"����-RKQ"�

Page 73: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�<HV�6LU��/DPkLD�DUH�SHQH"�1X�6LU��/D�QDLED��LDU�DP�VWRUV�SDSDJDOXO���9DULDQWD��-RKQ��ODPkLD�FkQWD"�1X��6LU��/D�QDLED��LDU�DP�VXFLW�JkWXO�OD�FDQDU���9DULDQWD��-RKQ��ODPkLD�FkQWD"�1X��6LU��$WXQFL��LDU�DP�PkQFDW�SDSDJDOXO�����9DULDQWD��-RKQ��H[LVWD�ODPkL�FDUH�]ERDUD"�1X��6LU�"�2K�-RKQ��DWXQFL�DP�VWRUV�GLQ�JUHVHDOD�FDQDUXO�vQ�FHDL�����6LU�VH�vQWRDUFH�QRDSWHD�WkU]LX�GH�OD�FOXE�����'LPLQHDWD�vO�vQWUHED�SH�YDOHW��-RKQ��OD�QRL�VH�DSULQGH�EHFXO�FkQG�GHVFKLGHP�XVD�OD�EDLH"�1R��6LU��-RKQ��vQVHDPQD�FD�LDU�P�DP�SLVDW�vQ�IULJLGHU����-RKQ"��<HV�6LU��7RDOHWD�QRDVWUD�DUH�SDWUX�XVL"�1R�6LU��/D�GUDFX��,DU�P�DP�FDFDW�vQ�PDVLQD����-RKQ"��<HV�6LU��7RDOHWD�QRDVWUD�DUH�GRXD�XVL"�1R�6LU��/D�GUDFX��LDU�P�DP�FDFDW�vQ�VLIRQLHU���-RKQ��6LU��DYHP�XQ�KRW�vQ�ELEOLRWHFD���6LU��6L�FH�FLWHVWH��-RKQ�"���6LU�VWD�vQ�VXIUDJHULH��-RKQ��'D��P\�/RUG����0L�H�IULJ��&H�WHPSHUDWXUD�DYHP�GH�IDSW�DLFL�vQDXQWUX"����*UDGH��P\�/RUG'XSD�FkWHYD�PLQXWH��-RKQ��'D��P\�/RUG����'DU�DIDUD"���*UDGH��6LU��-RKQ��GHVFKLGH�DWXQFL�IHUHDVWUD�VL�ODVD�VL�JUDGHOH�DOHD�vQDXQWUX�������6LU�vVL�vQWUHDED�YDOHWXO��-RKQ��QX�V�D�vQWRUV�vQFD�VRWLD�PHD�GH�OD�SDUWLGD�GH�FDODULW"�ÌQFD�QX��6LU��GDU�FUHG�FD�WUHEXLH�VD�YLQD��&DOXO�V�D�vQWRUV�GH�R�MXPDWDWH�GH�RUD������/D�UHVHGLQWD�VXQD�WHOHIRQXO���WUUUUUUUUUU���-RKQ�ULGLFD�UHFHSWRUXO��-RKQ��<HV��6LU��8QGH�L�GRDPQD��-RKQ�"�'RDPQD�HVWH�vQ�GRUPLWRU��6LU��vQ�SDW�FX�GRPQXO��-RKQ�LD�SXVFD�VL�vPSXVFD�L�SH�DPkQGRL��<HV��6LU�

Page 74: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

6H�DXG�FDWHYD�vPSXVFDWXUL�VL�WLSHWH�GXSD�FDUH�-RKQ�UHYLQH�OD�WHOHIRQ���6LU�"�<HV��-RKQ��H�JDWD�WUHDED�"�<HV��6LU��SH�GRDPQD�DP�vPSXVFDW�R�GDU�SH�GRPQ�QXPDL�O�DP�UDQLW��GDU�VDULQG�SH�JHDP�D�FD]XW�vQ�SLVFLQD�VL�V�D�vQHFDW��-RKQ��GDU�QRL�QX�DYHP�SLVFLQD����$OR��FH�QXPDU�DWL�IRUPDW�"""����-RKQ��DGX�PL�WH�URJ�R�SRUWRFDOD��3RIWLWL��6LU�6LU���GXSD�FH�LD�SRUWRFDOD�vQ�PkQD�GUHDSWD�VL�R�PLURDVH��3RUWRFDOD�DVWD�SXWH�DGX�PL�DOWD�WH�URJ��3RIWLWL��6LU��6L�SRUWRFDOD�DVWD�SXWH��DOWD��WH�URJ��3RIWLWL��VLU��6L�DVWD�SXWH����'H�XQGH�LHL�WX�SRWRFDOHOH�DVWHD�GH�SXW�WRDWH"""�1R�RIIHQVH��6LU��GDU�FUHG�F�DU�WUHEXL�VD�VFKLPEDWL�PkQD����9LQH�6LU�DFDVD��-RKQ�GRDPQD�HVWH�VLQJXUD"�1X�6LU��HVWH�VXV�FX�XQ�GRPQ��-RKQ�DGX�VDELD��<HV��6LU�6LU�VH�GXFH�VXV�XQGH�HUD�GRDPQD�GH�XQGH�VH�DXGH�XQ�XUOHW��6LU�VH�vQWRDUFH��-RKQ��XQ�GRFWRU�SHQWUX�GRPQXO�VL�XQ�WLUEXVRQ�SHQWUX�GRDPQD����6LU�VL�-RKQ�VXQW�OD�YkQDWRDUH�SH�GRPHQLXO�FDVWHOXOXL��6HUYLWRUXO��SULYLQG�SULQ�ELQRFOX�vQVSUH�FDVWHO���6LU��FUHG�FD�DU�WUHEXL�VD�YD�LQIRUPH]�FD�GRDPQD�HVWH�vQ�FRPSDQLD�XQXL�GRPQ�6LU��1X�VH�SRDWH��WH�vQVHOL��'RDPQD�PL�D�VSXV�FD�SULPHVWH�R�SULHWHQD�vQ�YL]LWD��'D�PL�VL�PLH�ELQRFOXO�����$FHVW�ELQRFOX�QX�HVWH�VXILFLHQW�GH�SXWHUQLF��'D�PL�SXVFD�FX�OXQHWD�����-RKQ��FH�D�IRVW�]JRPRWXO�DFHOD�SXWHUQLF"�6LU��XQ�DXWRPRELOVW�D�YUXW�VD�LQWUH�SH�R�VWUDGD�ODWHUDOD��6L"�6L��VLU��VWUDGD�QX�VH�DIOD�vQ�ORFXO�XQGH�D�YLUDW�DXWRPRELOLVWXO����8Q�RP�VRVHVWH�vQ�JUDED�OD�6LU��6LU��-RKQ�D�VDULW�FX�SDUDVXWD�VL�QX�V�D�GHVFKLV��,DU"����6LU�VL�-RKQ�VH�SUHJDWHVF�VD�SOHFH�vQ�YDFDQWD�VL�SH�FkQG�VD�LQWUH�vQ�PDVLQD�VD�SOHFH���6LU��-RKQ�DGXFHWL�PL�SLDQXO�YD�URJ���-RKQ��+PPP����GH�FH��6LU�"�$GXFHWL�PL�SLDQXO�YD�URJ����'H�FH��6LU"�3LDQXO�H�PDUH�VL�JUHX����0L�DP�XLWDW�EULFKHWD�SH�HO��-RKQ������6LU�HUD�vQ�ELEOLRWHFD����6LU��-RKQ����'D��6LU��$GX�PL�XQ�SDKDU�FX�DSD��-RKQ�-RKQ�vL�DGXFH�SDKDUXO�FX�DSD����-RKQ����'D��6LU��$GX�PL�XQ�SDKDU�FX�DSD��-RKQ�-RKQ�vL�DGXFH�SDKDUXO�FX�DSD���GXSD�YUHR���SDKDUH�GH�DSD����6LU"""����'H�FH�YUHWL�DWkWHD�SDKDUH�FX�DSD"�3HQWUX�FD�D�OXDW�IRF�ELEOLRWHFD������9DULDQWD6LU��-RKQ��DGX�PL�WH�URJ�XQ�SDKDU�FX�DSD�-RKQ��'D��6LU��LPHGLDW��-RKQ��XQ�SDKDU�FX�DSD�WH�URJ�

Page 75: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�,PHGLDW��6LU��-RKQ��vQFD�XQ�SDKDU�FX�DSD��UHSHGH��3RIWLWL��6LU��)DUD�VXSDUDUH��OD�FH�YD�WUHEXLH�DWkWD�DSD��6LU"�0D�GHVWHSWXOH��GD�WX�QX�YH]L�FD�DUGH�ELEOLRWHFD"���6LU�VH�DIOD�vPSUHXQD�FX�-RKQ�vQ�YL]LWD�OD�3DULV�-RKQ��]LFH�6LU��FUHG�FD�WXUQXO�(LIHO�DU�WUHEXL�YRSVLW��&X�SODFHUH��6LU��SRW�DWXQFL�VD�vPL�LDX�GXSDPDVD�OLEHU"���6LU�vL�]LFH�OXL�-RKQ��-RKQ��PXWD�WH�URJ�SLDQXO�GLQ�VXIUDJHULH�vQ�ELEOLRWHFD"�,PHGLDW�6LU"�6D�PDL�LDX�FHYD�VL�vQ�FHDODOWD�PkQD"���6LU�R�I HD�SH�/DG\��-RKQ�WLQHD�OXPkQDUHD��'XSD����PLQ�6LU��/DG\��HVWL�PXOWXPLWD��1X��6LU�-RKQ�WLQHD�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�OXPkQDUHD��'XSD�DOWH����PLQ��/DG\��HVWL�PXOWXPLWD��1X��6LU�-RKQ�WLQHD�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�OXPkQDUHD��7RW�DVD�SkQD�FH�6LU�RERVHVWH�VL�VFKLPED�ORFXO�FX�-RKQ�'XSD���PLQ��/DG\�XUOD�FD�HVWH�PXOWXPLWD��/D�FDUH�6LU��9H]L�-RKQ�FXP�VH�WLQH�OXPkQDUHD����6LU�VWD�vQ�JUGLQD�VL�FLWHVWH�]LDUXO��-RKQ�YLQH�VL�vO�IDFH�DWHQW��6LU��GLQ�VOLW�YD�DWkUQD�FHYD�6LU�GD�]LDUXO��OD�R�SDUWH�VH�XLWD�OD�SURKDE�VL�]LFH��2K��VKH�LV�JRQH������6LU�VWDWHD�OD�PDVD�VL�VH�FKLQXLD�VD�vQWHSH�FX�R�VFRELWRDUH�QLVWH�PDVOLQH��-RKQ��VWULJD�HO��PDVOLQHOH�IXJ"�1X��6LU��'DU�GH�FH"�ÌQVHDPQD�FD�LDU�DP�PvQFDW�JkQGDFL�GH�EXFDWDULH�������-RKQ��VSXQH�6LU��FDUH�FLWHD�]LDUXO��SH�DFRSHULV�FLUFXOD�WUDPYDLH"�1X��6LU"��'DU�GH�FH�vQWUHEDWL"�8LWH��DLFL�VFULH�FD�XQ�WUDPYDL�D�FDOFDW�XQ�KRUQDU�������-RKQ��VSXQH�6LU��FDUH�vVL�VSDOD�SLFLRDUHOH�vQ�OLJKHDQ��WH�URJ�DUXQFD�DSD�DVWD�VL�DGX�PL�XQ�SURVRS�-RKQ�LD�OLJKHDQXO�VL�vO�DUXQFD�SH�JHDP��LDU�GH�DIDUD�VH�DXGH�XQ�WLSDW�vQVRWLW�GH�vQMXUDWXUL��OD�FDUH�6LU�LPSDVLELO��-RKQ��HUD�FLQHYD�vQ�OLJKHDQ"���6LU�VH�XUFD�SH�FDO�LQYHUV��FX�VSDWHOH�vQ�IDWD����6LU��VSXQH�-RKQ��GDU�QX�DVD�VH�XUFD�SH�FDO��7DFL��PD��GH�XQGH�VWLL�WX�vQFRWUR�YUHDX�VD�PHUJ���%DQFXUL�FX�9DPSLUL��Ì�&H�H�PLF��DOE��DUH�DULSLRDUH�VL�VXJH�VkQJHOH"5�/,%5(66(���Ì�&DUH�L�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�DYRFDW�VL�XQ�YDPSLU"5�9DPSLUXO�vWL�VXJH�VkQJHOH�QXPDL�QRDSWHD�����Ì�&DUH�HVWH�FHO�PDL�DO�GUDFXOXL�YDPSLU"5�$OZD\V�FX�DULSLRDUH���Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�DYRFDW�VL�XQ�YDPSLU"5�9DPSLUXO�vWL�VXJH�VkQJHOH�GRDU�QRDSWHD�����Ì�/D�FH�VH�SRW�vQWUHEXLQWD�WDPSRDQHOH�IRORVLWH"

Page 76: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

5�3OLFXOHWH�GH�FHDL�SHQWUX�YDPSLUL������/D�FH�VH�SRW�vQWUHEXLQWD�SDQVDPHQWHOH�IRORVLWH"5�$FHHDVL������&H�H��IDVW�IRRG��SHQWUX�YDPSLUL"5�2�SHUVRDQD�FX�WHQVLXQH�ULGLFDWD������'H�FH�QX�GLYRUWHD]D�YDPSLULL"5�(L�vVL�vQJURDSD�SUREOHPHOH������&H�PDQkQFD�YDPSLULL�vQ�ORF�GH�VQDFNVXUL"5�&RDMD�GH�SH�UDQL�������&H�vQVHDPQD�VD�IL�VDUXWDW�D��GH�XQ�YDPSLU�D�"5�'XUHUH�GH�JkW�������'H�FH�XQ�YDPSLU�vL�GD�SULHWHQHL�VDOH�DQDOL]HOH�OXL�GH�VkQJH"5�&D�VD�YDGD�GDFD�H�WLSXO�HL�������&H�]LFH�R�YDPSLUD�OHVELDQD�XQHL�DOWH�YDPSLUH�WRW�FD�HD"5�3H�OXQD�YLLWRDUH�������'LQ�FH�EHDX�YDPSLULL�EDXWXULOH�SUHIHUDWH"5�'LQ�HSUXEHWH�SHQWUX�DQDOL]H�GH�VkQJH�������'H�FH�DX�FLPLWLUHOH�JDUGXUL"5�3HQWUX�FD�RDPHQLL�PRU�VD�LQWUH�������&XP�vVL�vQFHS�YDPSLULL�VFULVRULOH"5��0RUPkQWXO�VD�WH�DLEH�vQ�SD]D�������8QD�GLQ�vQWUHEDULOH�FDUH�IUDPkQWD�VWLLQWD�DFWXDOD��6H�SRW�LQIHFWD�VL�YDPSLULL�FX�$,'6"����7UHL�YDPSLUL��0RUWL�GH�IRDPH��=LFH�XQX��%D��WUH�VD�IDFHP�FHYD�FD�QX�VH�PDL�SRDWH��1RDSWHD�QX�LHVH�QLPLF�VL�VXQWHP�WHUPLQDWL��7UH�VD�DFWLRQDP�]LXD�=LV�VL�IDFXW��6H�GXFH�SULPX��7UHFH�R�RUD��WUHF�GRXD��WUHL��WUHFH�R�]L��WUHF�GRXD�VL�VH�vQWRDUFH�SOLQ�GH�VkQJH��VDWXO��PXOWXPLW��&XP�DL�IDFXW�ED�QHQRURFLWXOH"�VSXQH�QH�VL�QRXD�3DL��YHGHWL�RLOH�DOHD�GH�DFROR"�'D�/D�WRDWH�OH�DP�VXSW�VkQJHOH�&HLODOWL�GRL��%D��WUH�VD�IDFHP�VL�QRL�FHYD��XLWD�WH�OD�QHQRURFLWX�DOD��FXP�D�UHXVLW�6H�GXFH�VL�DO�GRLOHD�7UHFH�R�RUD��WUHF�GRXD��WUHL��SDWUX��WUHFH�R�]L�VL�VH�vQWRDUFH�VL�DVWD��SOLQ�GH�VkQJH��VDWXO��HWF�&XP�DL�IDFXW�PD�VL�WX"�3DL��YHGHWL�YDFLOH�DOHD�GH�DFROR"�'D��/D�WRDWH�OH�DP�VXSW�VkQJHOH�8OWLPX��%D��WUH�VD�IDF�VL�HX�FHYD�FD�QX�VH�PDL�SRDWH�3OHF�VL�HX3OHDFD�VL�HO��WUHFH�XQ�PLQXW��WUHF�GRXD��GXSD���PLQXWH�VH�vQWRDUFH��WRW�SOLQ�GH�VkQJH��%D��GD�WX�FXP�DL�UHXVLW�DVD�GH�UHSHGH"�3DL�YHGHWL�VWkQFD�DLD�GH�DFROR"�'D�(X�Q�DP�YD]XW�R������9DULDQWD�/D�R�vQWUXQLUH�D�YDPSLULORU��VRVHVWH�XQ�YDPSLU�FX�JXUD�SOLQD�GH�VkQJH�VL�OH�VSXQH�FHORUODOWL��%DL��YHGHWL�YRL�VWDXOXO�DFHHD�GH�FROR"�'D��(��DP�PkQFDW�GRXD�RL�GH�DFROR�'XSD�XQ�WLPS�PDL�YLQH�XQ�YDPSLU��FX�WRDWD�JXUD�VL�REUDMLL�SOLQL�GH�VkQJH�

Page 77: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�+HL�YRL��YHGHWL�YRL�FDVD�DFHHD"�'D��$P�PkQFDW�WUHL�SRUFL�GH�DFROR�0DL�DSDUH�XQ�YDPSLU�PDL�PLF��FX�IDWD�vQWUHDJD�SOLQD�GH�VkQJH��DYHD�VDQJH�VL�SH�FDS��VL�VSXQH��9HGHWL�YRL�WXUOD�ELVHULFLL�GH�FROR"�'D��(��HX�Q�DP�YD]XW�R�������'RL�YDPSLUL�OLKQLWL�GH�IRDPH��FX�XOWLPHOH�SXWHUL��EDW�OD�XVD�XQXL�ERUGHO��/H�GHVFKLGH�PDWURDQD��OD�FDUH�HL��$P�YHQLW�VD�YD�VXJHP�VkQJHOH��1H�SDUH�UDX�DLFL�QX�VH�VXJH�GHFkW�S D������0HUJH�R��GRPQLVRDUD��SULQ�FLPLWLU�OD�SOLEDUH��VL�DVWD�SH�OD����QRDSWHD�8Q�WLS�R�YHGH�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH�V�R�VSHULH��6H�IXULVHD]D�vQ�VSDWHOH�XQHL�SLHWUH�GH�PRUPkQW��VL�FkQG�WLSD�GD�VD�WUHFD�SH�DFROR��HOVDUH�vQ�IDWD�HL�VL�XUOD��(X�VXQW�'UDFXOD�VL�VXJ�VkQJHOH�OD�RDPHQL�7LSD�VH�XLWD�OD�HO��vO�LJQRUD�VL�PHUJH�PDL�GHSDUWH��5HODWLY�VXUSULQV�GH�UHDFWLD�DFHVWHLD��WLSXO�VH�KRWDUDVWH�VH�UHLD�DFWLXQHD��6HIXULVHD]D�GLQ�QRX��VDUH�vQ�IDWD�HL�VL�XUOD��(X�VXQW�'UDFXOD�VL�VXJ�VkQJHOH�OD�RDPHQL�7LSD��1,0,&��0HUJH�PDL�GHSDUWH��'XSD�FH�WLSXO�UHLD�DFWLXQHD�SHQWUX�D�WUHLD�RDUD��DFHDVWD�VH�RSUHVWH�VL�L�UDVSXQGH��6L�FH�GDFD��HX�VXQW�FXUYD�VL�VXJ�S D�WRDWD�]LXD��VL�GH�DLD�QX�XUOX�vQ�JXUD�PDUH����6H�vQWRDUFH�XQ�FRSLODV�GH�OD�VFRDOD��0DPD��FRSLLL�vPL�]LF�FD�VXQW�YDPSLU��/DVD��PDPD��FD�FRSLLL�VXQW�UDL��QX�DL�GH�FH�VD�WL�IDFL�SUREOHPH��$FXP�WUHFL�OD�PDVD�FD�WL�VH�FRDJXOHD]D�VXSD����/D�PDQDVWLUHD�GLQ�YkUIXO�PXQWHOXL�FDOXJDULWHOH�VXQW�vQHEXQLWH�GH�JURD]D��(�PLH]XO�QRSWLL� VL��GH�XQGHYD�GH�DIDUD��VH�DXGQLVWH�XUOHWH�FXPSOLWH��1HVWLLQG�FH�VD�IDFD��VH�KRWDUDVF�VD�R�WUH]HDVFD�SH�PDLFD�VWDUHWD��SRDWH�VD�DLED�HD�R�LGHH��0DLFD�VWDUHWDGHVFKLGH�FX�JULMD�R�IHUHDVWUD�VL�vQWUHDED��FX�YRFHD�JkWXLWD�GH�VSDLPD��&L�FLQH�H�DF�FROR"����6XQW�HX��YDPSLUXO��VH�DXGH�XQ�JODV�GH�DIDUD��6L�F�FH�Y�YUHL�GH�OD�Q�QRL"����+D��KD��KD��DP�YHQLW�VD�YD�EHDX�VkQJHOH����0DLFD�VWDUHWD�UHVSLUD�XVXUDWD��6L�SHQWUX�DVWD�DL�WUHEXLW�VD�QH�VSHULL��ED�WkPSLWXOH"�'DFD�QH�YUHL�VkQJHOH�YLQR�WX�SH����DOH�OXQLL�������'RL�YDSLUL�VH�vQWkOQHVF�OD�SRDUWD�FLPLWLUXOXL��,HVLP�OD�R�SOLPEDUH"�6WDL�XQ�SLF�VD�PD�GXF�VD�LDX�SLDWUD�IXQHUDUD�FX�PLQH����'D�FH�WL�D�YHQLW"��1X�PL�SODFH�VD�XPEOX�IDUD�EXOHWLQ�SH�VWUDGD����'RL�YDPSLUL�PHUJ�UHJXODW�vQWU�XQ�EDU�XQGH�FRPDQGD�vQWRWGHDXQD�XQ�%ORRG\�0DU\�ÌQWU�R�VHDUD�XQXO�GLQ�HL�GD�FRPDQGD�FD�GH�RELFHL��8Q�%ORRG\�0DU\�YD�URJ�%DUPDQXO�vL�vQWLQGH�XQ�SDKDU�SOLQ�FX�VkQJH��ELQHvQWHOHV�GLOXDW�FX�YRGFD���&HODODOW�YDPSLU��8Q�FHDL��YD�URJ��&H�DL�vWL�PHUJH�UDX��HVWL�EROQDY"��vO�vQWUHDED�SULHWHQXO�OXL��1X�GDU�DVHDUD�FkQG�DP�EDXW�FRFWDLOXO�P�DP�vQHFDW�FX�XQ�WDPSRQ������9DULDQWD�OD�SUHFHGHQWXO�'RL�YDPSLUL�PHUJ�UHJXODW�vQWU�XQ�EDU�XQGH�FRPDQGD�vQWRWGHDXQD�XQ�%ORRG\�0DU\�ÌQWU�R�VHDUD�XQXO�GLQ�HL�GD�FRPDQGD�FD�GH�RELFHL��8Q�%ORRG\�0DU\�YD�URJ�%DUPDQXO�vL�vQWLQGH�XQ�SDKDU�SOLQ�FX�VkQJH��ELQHvQWHOHV�GLOXDW�FX�YRGFD���&HODODOW�YDPSLU��8Q�SDKDU�FX�DSD�ILHUELQWH�VL�XQ�WDPSRQ�X]DW��YD�URJ��&H�H�FX�WLQH"��vO�vQWUHDED�SULHWHQXO�OXL��6XQW�UDFLW������2�D�WUHLD�YDULDQWD�8Q�YDPSLU�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�EDU�GH�YDPSLUL�VL�FHUH�XQ�SDKDU�FX�DSD�ILDUWD��%DUPDQXO�XLPLW�vL�]LFH��'DU�DLFL�EHDX�FX�WRWLL�VkQJH�9DPSLUXO�QRVWUX�VFRDWH�XQ�WDPSRQ�vQVkQJHUDW�VL�]LFH�

Page 78: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�)LYH�RFORFN����7UHL�YDPSLUL�PHUJ�vQWU�XQ�EDU��3ULPXO�]LFH��8Q�SDKDU�GH�VkQJH���$O�GRLOHD��6XQD�ELQH��6L�HX�WRW�XQ�SDKDU�GH�VkQJH�$O�WUHLOHD��8Q�SDKDU�GH�SODVPD/D�FDUH�EDUPDQXO�FD�VD�ILH�VLJXU�FD�D�OXDW�FRPDQGD�FRUHFW��'RXD�6Æ1*(�VL�XQ�6Æ1*(�/,*+7"���'RXD�FDOXJDULWH�PHUJ�FX�PDVLQD�SULQ�7UDQVLOYDQLD�"��FkQG�XQ�YDPSLU�VDUH�SH�FDSRWD�PDVLQLL��6RUD�0DULD�vQWUHDED��&H�VD�IDF"6RUD�(GYRFKLD��3RUQHVWH�VWHUJDWRDUHOH���=LV�VL�IDFXW��GDU�YDPSLUXO�QX�SOHDFD��6WURSHVWH�O�FX�DSD�GH�VSDODW�SDUEUL]XO�H�DSD�VILQWLWD�9DPSLUXO�WRW�DFROR���0DL�GHSDUWH�6RUD�(GYRFKLD��6RUD�0DULD�DUDWD�L�FUXFHD�6RUD�0DULD�VH�GD�MRV�GLQ�PDVLQD�VL�]LFH��&UXFHD�PDWLL��1X�WH�GDL�RGDWD�MRV�GH�SH�FDSRWD"�������8Q�YDPSLU�DWDFD�XQ�EDUEDW�VL�YUHD�VD�vO�PXVWH�GH�MXJXODUD��2PXO�QRVWUX�VH�URDJD��1X��QX��WH�URJ��1X�YUHDX�VD�PRU��1X�R�VD�UH]LVW��(X�VXQW�KHPRILO�/D�FDUH�YDPSLUXO�Uk]kQG��,D�WH�XLWD��8Q�ORQJGULQN�������/XFUXUL�SUR�VL�FRQWUD�GH�FH�H�ELQH�FD�IHPHLH�VD�DL�XQ�SULHWHQ�YDPSLU�3UR5HODWLH�GH�GXUDWD�$L�YRLH�VD�vQWkU]LL�DFDVD3RWL�SLHUGH�IRDUWH�XVRU�NLORJUDPHOH�VXSOLPHQWDUH�6HFROH�GH�H[SHULHQWD,PXQLWDWH�OD�WRDWH�EROLOH$QDOL]D�VkQJHOXL�DUDWD�FD�HVWL�VDQDWRDVD�WXQ3ULHWHQXOXL�vL�SODFH�VD�WH�JLXJLXOHDVFD�SH�JkW�1X�VIRUDLH��'RDUPH�FD�PRUW�(O�H�SXWLQ�LQWHUHVDW�GH�UHOLJLH1X�R�VD�YLQD�QLFLRGDWD�OD�WLQH�FX�JXUD�PLURVLQG�D�XVWXURL&RQWUD7H�VLPWL�PDL�WRW�WLPSXO�VODELWD6DUXWXO�SRDWH�IL�IDWDO0RQRJDPLD�H�R�SUREOHPD0kLQL�VL�SLFLRDUH�WRW�WLPSXO�UHFL3ULHWHQL�FLXGDWLÌWL�SRDWH�LJQRUD�YRLQWD1XPHOH�DQLPDOHORU�GH�FDVD��KDPVWHUL�LHSXUDVL��vWL�GDX�ILRUL*UHX�VD�FkVWLJL�R�FHDUWD$L�YRLH�VD�FKLFRWHVWL�OD�vQPRUPkQWDUL3RWL�VD�vWL�XLWL�SURSULD�WDULH%DQFXUL�FX�VL�GHVSUH�GLIHULWH�FDWHJRULL�VRFLDOH%DQFXUL�FX�DFWRUL���0DHVWUH��FH�SDUHUH�DYHWL��R�XFLG�ELQH�SH�'HVGHPRQD�vQ�DFWXO�ILQDO"

Page 79: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�'D��WLQHUH��vQVD�PXOW�PDL�ELQH�vO�XFL]L�SH�6KDNHVSHDUH�������$FWRUXO�;��FDUH�L�DWkW�GH�FRPLF�SH�VFHQD��GH�FH�R�IL�DWDW�GH�VHULRV�vQ�YLDWD"�6H�RGLKQHVWH����&H�IDFL��GRPQXOH��'H�FH�SOHFL"�3LHVD�vQFD�QX�V�D�WHUPLQDW��7RFPDL��GH�DVWD�SOHF�������&H�WUHEXLH�VD�IDF��FD�VD�DMXQJ�VXIOHRU�OD�WHDWUX"�2ULFXP��QX�H�R�FRQGLWLH�FD�vQ�VFRDOD�VD�IL�VWDW�vQ�EDQFD�vQWkL�������7L�D�SODFXW�SLHVD�PHD"�$FXP��WH�URJ�VD�PL�VSXL�SDUHUHD�WD��GDU�VLQFHUD��9UHL�vQWU�DGHYDU�SDUHUHD�PHD�VLQFHUD"����0XOWXPHVF����vQ�FD]XO�DVWD������1X�VXQW�GHFkW�GRXD]HFL�GH�SHUVRDQH�vQ�VDOD�OD�VSHFWDFRO��$P�IDFH�SRDWH�PDL�ELQH�VD�OH�GDP�EDQLL�vQDSRL��,PSRVLELO��VXQW�WRWL�FX�ELOHWH�GH�IDYRDUH�������7DWD��FH�HVWH�GH�IDSW�XQ�DFWRU��DVD�FXP�HVWL�WX"�8Q�DFWRU"�(L��ILXOH��FXP�VD�WL�H[SOLF��DFWRUXO�H�XQ�RP�FDUH�VH�GXFH�SkQD�OD�PDUJLQHD�VFHQHL��SULYHVWH�vQ�FXOLVH��XQGH�VH�DIODUHVWXUL�GH�GHFRU��FkUSH��KkUWLL�DUXQFDWH��SUDI��PL]HULH��VL�VSXQH���&H�SULYHOLVWH�PDUHDWD�VH�YHGH�GH�OD�IHUHDVWUD�DVWD�����8Q�DFWRU�H[WUHP�GH�SUHWHQWLRV�vL�VSXQH�UHJL]RUXOXL��8LWH�FH�H��YRUEHVWH�FX�SURGXFDWRUXO��1X�DFFHSW�FD�vQ�DFHVW�ILOP�LVWRULF�VD�VH�XPEOH�FX�EXWDIRULL��/D�VFHQD�FHORU�GRXD�RVSHWH�YkQDWXO�VD�ILH�YkQDW�DXWHQWLF��YLQXO�GH�5LQ�VD�ILH�YLQ�GH�5LQ�VL�SDVWUDYLL�VD�ILH�SDVWUDYL�'XSD�XQ�WLPS��UHJL]RUXO�YLQH�FX�UDVSXQVXO��3URGXFDWRUXO�H�GH�DFRUG��FX�FRQGLWLD�FD��OD�VFHQD�ILQDOD��RWUDYD�VD�ILH�RWUDYD����7L�DP�VSXV�GH�R�PLH�GH�RUL��VWULJD�UHJL]RUXO�OD�DFWULWD�FDUH�SDUHD�FDP�SOLFWLVLWD��LQWHUSUHWH]L�UROXO�XQHL�IHPHL�SDUDVLWH�SULFHSL"�,D�JkQGHVWH�WH��WH�D�SDUDVLW�EUXVF�LXELWXO��&H�IDFL"��ÌPL�JDVHVF�DOWXO�����9UHDX�VD�IDF�XQ�ILOP�GHVSUH�YLDWD�VL�DFWLYLWDWHD�OXL�-HDQ�&RQVWDQWLQ��ÌQ�UROXO�SULQFLSDO�YD�MXFD�)ORULQ�3LHUVLF��&XP�DGLFD��)ORULQ�3LHUVLF"�'H�FH�VD�QX�MRDFH�FKLDU�-HDQ�&RQVWDQWLQ"�1X�PHUJH��(�SUHD�PLF�GH�VWDWXUD����5HJL]RUXO��FDWUH�WkQDUD�DFWULWD��ÌQ�QRXD�PHD�SLHVD��YD�WUHEXL�VD�MRFL�UROXO�XQHL�IHWH�QHYLQRYDWH��FDUH�QX�D�DYXW�GH�D�IDFH�FX�EDU�EDWLL��&UH]L�FD�SRWL�MXFD�DFHVWURO"�1X�SRW��GRPQXOH�UHJL]RU�'H�FH"�1X�DP�SLF�GH�H[SHULHQWD�vQ�DFHVW�VHQV����1LVWH�DGPLUDWRUL�O�DX�LQYLWDW�SH�FHOHEUXO�DFWRU�3HWHU�8VWLQRY�OD�R�FLQD�FX�SUHWHQWLL��3ULOHM�FX�FDUH�DX�SXV�R�SH�ILLFD�ORU�FHDPDUH�VD�FkQWH�YUHR�VDVH�VDSWH�DULL�GLQ�RSHUH��&HUkQGX�L�VH�SDUHUHD��DFWRUXO�D�VSXV��$P�XQ�SULHWHQ�vQ�)UDQWD��FDUH��GDFD�DU�DX]L�R��DU�GD�XQ�PLOLRQ�GH�GRODUL����2��QX��QLFL�FKLDU�DVD��QH�VLPWLP�IODWDWL��IDFXUD�SDULQWLL�vQ�GXHW������SHQWUX�FD��H[SOLFD�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�8VWLQRY��H�VXUG�GLQ�QDVWHUH�����7DWD��FH�HVWH�GH�IDSW�XQ�DFWRU��DVD�FXP�HVWL�WX"�8Q�DFWRU"�(L��ILXOH��FXP�VD�WL�H[SOLF��DFWRUXO�H�XQ�RP�FDUH�VH�GXFH�SkQD�OD�PDUJLQHD�VFHQHL��SULYHVWH�vQ�FXOLVH��XQGH�VH�DIODUHVWXUL�GH�GHFRU��FkUSH��KkUWLL�DUXQFDWH��SUDI��PL]HULH��VL�VSXQH���&H�SULYHOLVWH�PDUHDWD�VH�YHGH�GH�OD�IHUHDVWUD�DVWD���%DQFXUL�FX�DYRFDWL��8Q�SDFLHQW�FDUH�DVWHSWD�GXSD�XQ�WUDQVSODQW�GH�FRUG��L�VH�RIHUD��GH�FDWUH�GRFWRU��XUPDWRDUHOH�DOWHUQDWLYH��$YHP�WUHL�SRVLELOLWDWL��WUHEXLH�VD�YD�KRWDUkWL�SHQWUX�XQD��8QD�HVWH�LQLPD�XQXL�DWOHW�WkQDU�VL�VDQDWRV�FDUH�D�PXULW�vQWU�XQDFFLGHQW�GH�PDVLQD��$�GRXD�HVWH�D�XQXL�RP�GH�DIDFHUL�FDUH�QX�D�EDXW�VL�IXPDW�QLFLRGDWD�vQ�YLDWD�VL�FDUH�D�PXULW�vQWU�XQDFFLGHQW�FX�DYLRQXO�VDX�SULYDW��LDU�D�WUHLD�D�XQXL�DYRFDW�FDUH�D�PXULW�GXSD�FH�D�SUDFWLFDW����GH�DQL��2�LDX�SH�FHD�D�DYRFDWXOXL��]LFH�SDFLHQWXO���'XSD�UHXVLWD�WUDQVSODQWXOXL�GRFWRUXO�vVL�vQWUHDED�SDFLHQWXO�GH�FH�V�D�KRWDUkW�vQ�DFHVW�IHO�

Page 80: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�)RDUWH�VLPSOX��]LFH�DFHVWD��DP�OXDW�LQLPD�FDUH�QX�D�IRVW�GHORF�IRORVLWD������'H�PkLQH�HVWL�OLEHU��ÌO�DQXQWD�EXFXURV�DYRFDWXO�SH�FOLHQWXO�OXL��'D��PD�EXFXU�IRDUWH�WDUH��Q�DP�FH�]LFH��ERPEDQL�GHWLQXWXO��0D�FKLQXL�YUHPH�GH���DQL�VD�SUHJDWHVF�R�VFDUD�GH�IUkQJKLH����DQLFD�VD�SLOHVF�]DEUHOHOH�VL�GXPQHDWD�vPL�YLL�FX�GHFUHWXO�GH�DPQLVWLH��WRFPDL�DFXP�FkQG�HUDP�JDWD�VD�HYDGH]�����$YRFDWXO�vVL�vQWUHDED�XQXO�GLQ�YLLWRULL�FOLHQWL��6L�DYHWL�EDQLL�QHFHVDUL�SHQWUX�D�YD�SHUPLWH�VD�ILWL�DSDUDW�GH�PLQH"�'D��DP�GRXD�FDVHWH�FX�ELMXWHULL��%LQH��DWXQFL�VD�YHGHP���'H�FH�VXQWHWL�DFX]DW"�'H�IXUWXO�FHORU�GRXD�FDVWH�FX�ELMXWHULL�����ÌQ�SOHGRDULD�ILQDOD�DYRFDWXO�DSDUDULL�VSXQH��'RPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��YUHWL�FX�DGHYDUDW�FD�DFHDVWD�IHPHLH�IUXPRDVD��VD�VH�PXWH�GLQ�ORFXLQWD�HL�GH�OD�PDQVDUGD��GLQ�VWUDGD/LQLVWLL��QXPDUXO�����WHOHIRQ����������ORFXLQWD�FX�DWkWD�JXVW�PRELODWD��vQWU�R�FHOXOD�UHFH�VL�XPHGD�FX�SHUHWLL�JRL"������8Q�WkQDU�DYRFDW�vL�VSXQH�XQXL�FROHJ�GH�EUHDVOD��$YRFDWXO�HVWH�FHD�PDL�OLEHUD�FUHDWXUD�GLQ�OXPH��(O�QX�HVWH�GHSHQGHQW�GH�QLPHQL�vQ�DIDUD�GH�FOLHQWLL�VDL��GH�FROHJL��GHMXGHFDWRUL�VL�GH�WULEXQDOH����8Q�FOLHQW�SDUFXUJH�QRWD�GH�SODWD�WRFPDL�SULPLWD�GH�OD�DYRFDWXO�VDX��'D�����ELQH����QX�DP�QLPLF�vPSRWULYD�SODWLL�FLQHL��OD�FDUH�WRWXVL�DP�FUH]XW�FD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�P�DWL�LQYLWDW��GDU�FH�YUHD�VDvQVDPQH�DVWD���6IDW�OD�PDVD�GH�VHDUD���������OHL�"�9D�DGXFHWL�DPLQWH��DWXQFL��OD�FLQD��YL�DP�UHFRPDQGDW�VWLXFD�vQ�VRV�GH�YLQ�����3RSHVFX�vL�VSXQH�SULHWHQXOXL�VDX��0�DP�GHVSDUWLW�GH�VRWLD�PHD�vQ�SDFH��HD�SDVWUHD]D�ORFXLQWD�VL�HX�PDVLQD�VL�ELURXO��%LQH�GDU�HFRQRPLLOH�YRDVWUH"�$VWHD�OH�SDVWUHD]D�DYRFDWXO������1X�WRWL�PDQGDQWLL��SRW�IL�QXPLWL�YDFL�GH�ODSWH��VSXQH�XQ�DYRFDW�XQXL�FROHJ��XQLL�VXQW�FD�VRDUHFLL�GLQ�ELVHULFD��'DU�FH�QRURFFD�QRL�DYRFDWLL�QH�SULFHSHP�VL�OD�PXOVXO�VRULFHLORU�����'RL�WLQHUL�DYRFDWL�DQJDMHD]D��SHQWUX�QRXO�ORU�FDELQHW�SULYDW��R�WkQDUD�VHFUHWDUD��)HUPH&$7,�'(�$3$5,7,$�$&(67(,$�VHKRWDUDVF�VD�R�LQLWLH]H�vPSUHXQD�vQ�WDLQHOH�GUHSWXOXL��7UHEXLH�VD�YD�DUDWDP�IRDUWH�FODU�FDUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�GUHSW�VL�QHGHUHSW��]LFH�XQXO��)RDUWH�ELQH��]LFH�FHODODOW��WX�vL�DUDWL�FH�HVWH�GUHSW�����'H�QHYLQRYDWLD�PXOWRU�DFX]DWL�VXQW�YLQRYDWL�GRDU�DYRFDWLL������8QXL�DYRFDW�vL�HVWH�FHUXW�VIDWXO�GH�FDWUH�XQ�FDPDWDU��&XP�vPL�SRW�SULPL�FHOH����PLOLRDQH�vQDSRL�GH�OD�,RQHVFX��'DFD�HX�PL�DP�SLHUGXW�FKLWDQWD�GH�vPSUXPXW"�6FULHWL�L�R�VFULVRSDUH�VL�VSXQHWL�L�VD�YD�WULPLWD�RGDWD�FHOH����PLOLRDQH�vPSUXPXWDWH��%LQH�GDU�HX�L�DP�vPSUXPXWDW�GRDU����PLOLRDQH��7RFPDL�DVWD�YUHP�VD�REWLQHP�GH�OD�HO��R�GRYDGD�VFULVD�FD�YD�GDWRUWHD]D�GRDU����PLOLRDQH������8Q�DYRFDW�vVL�YL]LWHD]D�XQ�FROHJ�GH�VWXGLX�OD�VIkUVLW�GH�VDSWkPQD��vQ�ORFXLQWD�DFHVWXLD�OD�WDUD��*D]GD�HVWH�FKHPDWD�FXWUHEXUL�XUJHQWH�vQ�RUDV��/D�vQWRDUFHUH�DIOD�FD�IRVWXO�VDX�FROHJ�GH�VWXGLX�D�IRVW��vQ�OLSVD�VD��IRDUWH�LQWLP�FX�VRWLD�VD��ÌQ��FRUDELD��PHD�DL�vQWUHWLQXW�UHODWLL�VH[XDOH�FX�VRWLD�PHD��'XSD�FXP�VWLL�GLQ�GUHSWXO�QDYDO��SHVFXLWXO�vQ�DSH�VWUDLQH�HVWHLQWHU]LV����6FX]H��]LFH�FHODODOW��FDVD�WD�H�OD�WDUD��VL�GXSD�FXP�VWLL�GLQ�GUHSWXO�DJULFRO��FHO�FDUH�VHDPDQD�SH�SDUFHOD�DOWXLD�vVL�SLHUGHVDPkQWD��5RDGHOH�vL�UDPkQ�vQ�RULFH�FD]�SURSULHWDUXOXL�SDPkQWXOXL�������6L�FkW�YD�GDWRUH]�SHQWUX��VXFFHVXO�GREkQGLW"�vQWUHDED�PDQGDQWXO�DYRFDWXO�VDX��0D�PXOWXPHVF�FX�R�WUHLPH�GLQ�FkW�PL�DWL�SURPLV�DWkWD�WLPS�FkW�YD�DIODWL�vQFD�vQ�EDQFD�DFX]DWLORU�������ÌPL�SDUH�IRDUWH�UDX�FD�QX�DP�SXWXW�IDFH�QLPLF��VSXQH�DYRFDWXO�FOLHQWXOXL�WRFPDL�FRQGDPQDW��1X�IDFH�QLPLF�GRPQXOH�DYRFDW��7UHL�DQL�QLFL�QX�H�DVD�GH�PXOW�������$YHP�QHYRLH�GH�XQ�DOLEL��]LFH�DYRFDWXO�PDQGDQWXOXL��1X�Y�D�YD]XW�QLPHQL�vQ�WLPSXO�FkQG�D�DYXW�ORF�VSDUJHUHD"/D�FDUH�FOLHQWXO�UDVSXQGH��'RDPQH�IHUHVWH��QX����

Page 81: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���8Q�DYRFDW�FDUH�D�VFRV�IDWD�FXUDWD�XQ�FXQRVFXW�HVFURF��vL�WULPLWH�DFHVWXLD�R�QRWD�GH�SODWD�FDP�XPIODWD��(VFURFXO�vL�VFULHvQDSRL��'RPQXOH�DYRFDW��RQRUDULXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�HVWH�FDP�ULGLFDW��6H�SDUH�FD�DWL�XLWDW�FD�HX�VXQW�VDUODWDQXO�QX�GXPQHDYRDVWUD������Ì�&XP�QXPHVWL������GH�DYRFDWL�PRUWL�OD�PDOXO�PDULL"5�8Q�vQFHSXW�EXQ������Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�XQ�DYRFDW�PLQWH"5�ÌVL�PLVFD�EX]HOH������Ì�'H�FH�UHFKLQLL�QX�DWDFD�DYRFDWLL"5�'LQ�FROHJLDOLWDWH������Ì�&DUH�L�PRWLYXO�SHQWUX�FDUH�XQDYRFDW�H�vQJURSDW�SkQD�OD�JkW�vQ�QLVLS"5�1�D�IRVW�GHVWXO�QLVLS������Ì�8QGH�JDVHVWL�DYRFDW�EXQL"5�ÌQ�FLPLWLU������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�JLJROR�VL�XQ�DYRFDW"5�*LJROR�XO�GHVHUYHVWH�QXPDL�R�SHUVRDQD�GHRGDWD������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�DYRFDW�VL�XQ�YDPSLU"5�9DPSLUXO�vWL�VXJH�VkQJHOH�GRDU�QRDSWHD���%DQFXUL�FX�EkOEkLWL��8Q�EkOEkLW�VL�FX�vQFD�XQ�WLS��PHUJHDX�SH�VWUDGD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�EkOEkLWXO�]LFH��8XXXXLLLWWWH�RR�RWW�RRW�R�WLSD�PLVWR���&HODODOW�RIWLFDW��%D��SkQD�VSXL�WX�WUHFH�EDED�FX�FRODFLL���ÌPPPLL�SDUUUUHU�HU�UDX���0DL�PHUJ�HL�FH�PHUJ�VL�LDU�vQFHSH�EkOEkLWXO��8LLWWWWH�RRR�WLSSD�PLVVVWR���8QGH�"�'GGGGD�DFDFFXPP�FROWWWXOO��%D��SkQD�VSXL�WX�vPL�FUHVWH�EDUED��'DWD�YLLWRDUH�VD�DUDWL�FX�GHJHWXO��0DL�PHUJ�HL�SXWLQ�VL�EkOEkLWXO�vQFHSH�LDU��8XXLLLWW����%LQH��ELQH��DP�YD]XW���$WWXQFFL�GHF�GHFF�GH�FH�DL�FDOFFFDW�vQ�HO�"��8Q�EkOEkLW� VL� XQ� FRFRVDW� VH� GXF� OD� IRWRJUDI� VD�VL� IDFD�SR]H�GH�EXOHWLQ��%kOEkLWXOXL� vL� WUHEXLH�R� JUDPDGD� GH� WLPS�FD� VD�LH[SOLFH�IRWRJUDIXOXL�SHQWUX�FH��FXP��FkWH�SR]H�YUHD��&RFRVDWXO�PRDUH�GH�UkV��%kOEkLWXO�QHUYRV�vL�]LFH��'H��GH��F��F��FH��WR��WR��WRW�Uk]L��P��P��PD��V��V��V��VD��W��W��WH��Y��YDG�S��S��SH�W��W��WL��WL��WLQH�FX�FXP�DL�V��VD�vQ��vQFKL]L�EX��EX�EXOHWLQXO���8Q�EkOEkLW� HVWH� UHSDUWL]DW�� vQ� FDGUXO� XQXL�&�$�3�� OD� FUHVFDWRULD� GH� SXL��'XSD� XQ� WLPS� VH� GXFH� OD� VHIXO� GH� IHUPD� VL� FHUHVFKLPEDUHD�OD�DOW�ORF�GH�PXQFD��6HIXO�VWLLQG�FD�EkOEkLWXO�HVWH�RP�KDUQLF�VL�VHULRV�vO�vQWUHDED�FX�FH�O�DX�VXSDUDW�SXLL��7LSXO�VHIRLHVWH��VH�UDVXFHVWH�VL�vQFHSH�6�V�V V�HIX��Q�QX�P�P�P�PDL�SRW��'LP�GLP�GLPLQHDWD�]LF�S�SX�SXL�V�VL�LHV�G�G�GR �����GH�SXL����V�VL�H�E�E�ELQH��'�G�GD�V�VHDUD]�]LF�X�XV�XV�V�VL�LQ�LQWUD������G�G�GH�SXL�V�VL�P�PDL�UDP�UDPkQH�XQ�XQX����VL�D�DW�DWXQFL�VW�VW�VWULJ�O�OD�HO�GX�GXWH�Q�SL�SL�SL����VLS�SkQD�V�VD�O�v�vQMXU�L�LHV�WRWL�DI�DIDUD���&DSLWDQXO�XQHL�FRUDELL��EkOEkLW�GH�IHOXO�OXL��XUPDULQG�vQ�]DUH�FX�ELQRFOXO��5H���UH����UHSHGH��RP�OD�DSD�6DU�PDULQDULL�vQ�PDUH�VL�O�VFRW�SH�XQXO�vQ�XOWLPXO�PRPHQW��$�GRXD�]L��5H���UH�����UH������UHSHGH��RP�OD�DSD�,DU�VDU�WRWL�PDULQDULL�VL�VFRW�SH�XQXO�JDWD�VD�VH�vQHFH��$�WUHLD�]L��5H�����UH�����UH����6DU�WRWL�PDULQDULL�vQ�DSD�LDU�FDSLWDQXO��5H����UHFKLQL�

Page 82: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

��8Q�OHSURV�VL�XQ�EkOEkLW��FROHJL�GH�FHOXOD��/HSURVXOXL�vL�FDGH�XQ�GHJHW����vO�LD�VL�vO�DUXQFD�SH�IHUHDVWUD��'XSD�FkWHYD�PLQXWH�vLPDL�FDGH�XQ�GHJHW����vO�DUXQFD�SH�IHUHDVWUD��'XSD�DOWH�FLWHYD�PLQXWH�vL�PDL�FDGH�XQ�GHJHW����vO�DUXQFD�SH�IHUHDVWUD��%DDD���EDDDD����WXX����WXXXX����DL�DDDDLLL����vvv����QQQ����FH���FH����FHH����SSSS����XXXX����WWWWW�VD����VD���HHH����HH����YDDDDD����GHGHGH���]L�����ÌQWU�XQ�EDU�LQWUD�XQ�EkOEkLW��$����D���DV�GR���GR���GRUL�VL���VL�H���HX�X���XQ�XL���L���LVFKL�%DUPDQXO��1���Q����Q�DYHP��'H���GH�FH�L���v�WL�ED���ED���EDWL�MR���MRF�GH���GH�PLQH"�1X���QX�v���vPL�ED���EDW�MR��MRF�GH���GH�WL���WLQH��6L�H���HX�VX���VXQW�EkO���EkO���EkOEkLW��'D���GD�U���URP�D���DL"�'���GD��'D���GD�PL�X���XQ�SD���SD���KDU�,QWUD�XQ�DOW�FOLHQW��$V�GRUL�VL�HX�XQ�ZKLVNL�%DUPDQXO��1�DYHP��'DU�URP�DL"�'D��'D�PL�XQ�SDKDU�/D�FDUH�EkOEkLWXO�VDUH��7���W���WL�DP�VSX���SX���SXV�FD�WL�ED���EDWL�MR���MRF�GH�PL����PLQH��1���QX�G���GH�WL���WLQH�P���PL�DP�ED���EDWXW�MR���MRF��FL�G���GH�HO�%DQFXUL�FX�EHWLYDQL1RWD��$OWH�EDQFXUL�FX�EHWLYDQL�VL�SROLWLVWL�SRW�IL�JDVLWH�OD��&DWHJRULL�VRFLDOH���0LOLWLHQL���Ì�&kQG�HVWH�XQ�RP�EHDW"5�&kQG�QX�SRDWH�VWD�vQWLQV�SH�MRV�IDUD�VD�FDXWH�XQ�SXQFW�GH�VSULMLQ���Ì�&kQG�XQ�RP�QX�HVWH�EHDW"5�&kQG�SRDWH�PHUJH�SH�VWUDGD�IDUD�VD�DWLQJD�ERUGXUD���(D���7UHEXLH�QHDSDUDW�VD�WH�vQWRUFL�vQ�ILHFDUH�VHDUD�DWvW�GH�WvU]LX�GLQ�FkUFLXPD"�(O���1X��GUDJD��R�IDF�GH�EXQD�YRLH������8Q� EHWLY�� vQ� GUXP� VSUH� FDVD�� VH� vPSLHGLFD� GH� R� VFkQGXUD� VL� FD]X�� 6H� ULGLFD� FX� FKLX� FX� YDL� VL� YUX� VD� SRUQHDVFD�� ,DU� VHvPSLHGLFD�VL�FD]X��'DFD�VWLDP�FD�R�VD�PDL�FDG�R�GDWD��PDL�ELQH�QX�PD�ULGLFDP�����6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRL�EHWLYDQL��$L�VHUYLW�GHMD�DVWD]L�PLFXO�GHMXQ"�1X��QLFL�R�SLFDWXUD�����0HUJHDX�SH�VLQD�GH�FDOH�IHUDWD���EHWLYDQL��$ROHX�FH�GH�VFDUL�vQ�EORFXO�DVWD����6L�FH�UHFH�H�EDOXVWUDGD����,D�VVVVW��LD�X]L��YLQH�VL�OLIWXO�����9DULDQWD�7UHL�EHWLYL�SH�R�FDOH�IHUDWD��&H�VFDUD�OXQJD��&kWH�WUHSWH�DUH��,D�PDL�WDFHWL�ED�GLQ�JXUD�FD�YLQH�OLIWXO���8Q�WLS�EHDW�vQ�DXWREX]�FDWUH�WD[DWRDUH��'D�PL�XQ�ELOHW�XUkWR�

Page 83: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

7D[DWRDUHD�VXSDUDWD��'X�WH�GUDFXOXL�FD�HVWL�EHDW��+kF��0LH�PL�WUHFH���'XSD�PLH]XO�QRSWLL��VRWLD�DXGH�VRQHULD��6H�GXFH�OD�XVD��GHVFKLGH����EDUEDWL�EHWL�PRUWL��6WLPDWD�GRDPQD��QRL�DP�YHQLW�VD�O�FRQGXFHP�SH�EDUEDWXO�GYV�DFDVD��GD�QX�PDL�VWLP�FDUH�GLQ�QRL�H����6RWLD��QHUYRDVD��vL�GHVFKLGH�XVD�VRWXOXL��FDUH�WUD]QHD�GH�OD�R�SRVWD�D�DOFRRO��3UHVXSXQ��XUOD�HD��FD�DL�XQ�PRWLY�IRDUWH�VHULRV�VD�YLL�DFDVD�OD���GLPLQHDWD��'D��DP��UDVSXQGH�VRWXO��PLFXO�GHMXQ����'RL�EHWLYL�LHV�GLQWU�R�FvUFLXPD��'XSD�YUHR�����P��XQXO�]LFH��$P�XLWDW�VD�PD�SLV��1X�L�QLPLF��WH�QYDW�HX����&LFD�GRL�WLSL�EHWL�PRUWL�LHV�GLQ�FLUFLXPD�VL�VH�GXF�VD�VH�SLVH�OD�JDUG��6H�SLVD�HL�FH�VH�SLVD��SkQD�FkQG�XQXO�vQWUHDED��$X]L�EDL��GH�FH�FkQG�WH�SLVL�WX�VH�DXGH�SLV��LDU�FkQG�PD�SLV�HX�VH�DXGH�ILV"�3DL�GDFD�WH�SLVL�SH�ILVXO�PHX������'RL�EHWLYL�VH�vQWDOQHVF�SH�VWUDGD�%HWLYXO����%DDD��)DFHWL�ORF�VD�WUHF�SULQWUH�YRL�%HWLYXO����'DDD��'DU�WUHFHWL�XQX�FkWH�XQX����8Q�FKHIOLX��LHVLQG�GH�OD�R�SHWUHFHUH��]DUHVWH�SH�VWUDGD�XQ�VRIHU�FDUH�vVL�SRUQHD�PDVLQD�FX�DMXWRUXO�XQHL�PDQLYHOH��,QWULJDW�VH�GXFH�OD�VRIHU�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��'RPQXOH��QX�L�DVD�FD�WX�vQYkUWL�VWUDGD"���'RL�EHWLYL�LQYHQWHD]D�XQ�MRF�8QXO�GLQWUH�HL�WUHEXLH�VD�LDVD�GLQ�FDPHUD��LDU�FHODODOW�WUHEXLH�VD�JKLFHDVFD�FLQH�D�LHVLW����6WDX�GRL�OD�LQWUDUH�vQ�EHUDULH��8QX�]LFH��&kWH�OXDP��GRXD�VDX�WUHL"�,D�GRXD��FD�LHUL�DP�OXDW�WUHL�VL�D�UDPDV�$VWD�LQWUD�VL�FRPDQGD��&LQFL�EHUL�VL�GRXD�ERPERDQH����8Q�WLS�OD�XQ�EDU��PRUW�GH�EHDW��FX�SDKDUXO�vQ�IDWD��SOkQJHD�GH�UXSHD�SDPkQWXO��9D]kQGX�O�DVD�GH�GH]DPDJLW��EDUPDQXO�vOvQWUHDED��'DU�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�3DL��DFXP�WUHL�OXQL��D�PXULW�PDPD�VL�PL�D�ODVDW������������&RQGROHDQWHOH�PHOH����$FXP�GRXD�OXQL��D�PXULW�WDWD�VL�PL�D�ODVDW������������ÌPL�SDUH�UDX��GRPQXOH��IRDUWH�UDX����/XQD�WUHFXWD�D�PXULW�IUDWH�PHX�VL�PL�D�ODVDW������������9DL��WUHL�SHUVRDQH�GUDJL��vQ�DVD�VFXUW�WLPS����6L�OXQD�DVWD�QX�PDL�SLFD�QLPLF����QLPLF����ILU�DU�VD�ILH������6RWXO�YLQH�EHDW�FULWD�DFDVD��vQWUD�vQ�GRUPLWRU�VL�vQFHSH�VD�VH�GH]EUDFH��FkQG�GHRGDWD�vVL�YHGH�LPDJLQHD�vQ�RJOLQGD��&H�FDXWD�DFHVW�EDUEDW�JRO�vQ�GRUPLWRUXO�QRVWUX"�UDFQHVWH�HO��3OHDFD�GH�DLFL�SkQD�QX�WH�SRFQHVF�=LFkQG�DFHVWHD�WUDVH�XQ�SXPQ�]GUDYDQ�vQ�RJOLQGD��IDFkQG�R�WDQGDUL��6FX]DWL�PD��GRPQXOH��7UHEXLD�VD�YD�VFRDWHWL�VL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�RFKHODULL������8Q�WLS�vL�VSXQH�VRWLHL�vQWU�R�VHDUD�FD�VH�GXFH�VD�FXPSHUH�WLJDUL��/D�PDJD]LQ�VH�vQFKLVHVH��DVD�FD�VH�GXFH�OD�EDU��$FROR�EHDFkWHYD�EHUL�VL�vQFHSH�VD�YRUEHDVFD�FX�R�WLSD��0DL�EHDX�vPSUHXQD�QLVWH�EHUL��DSRL�VH�GXF�OD�WLSD�DFDVD�VL�SHWUHF�R�QRDSWH�IRDUWHSODFXWD��&kQG�VH�WUH]HVWH��vVL�GD�VHDPD�FD�HUD���GLPLQHDWD��1HYDVWD�PHD�R�VD�PD�RPRDUH��GD�PL�UHSHGH�QLVWH�SXGUD�GH�WDOF�(O�LD�SXGUD�GH�WDOF�VL�vVL�GD�SH�PkLQL��$MXQV�DFDVD��vVL�JDVHVWH�VRWLD�DVWHSWkQGX�O��IXULRDVD��8QGH�DL�IRVW�SvQD�OD�RUD�DVWD"�8LWH��vWL�YRL�VSXQH�DGHYDUXO��$P�IRVW�vQWU�XQ�EDU��DP�EDXW�QLVWH�EHUL��DP�IRVW�DFDVD�OD�R�EORQGD�VL�P�DP�FXOFDW�FX�HD��$UDWD�PkLQLOH��]LVH�VRWLD�VL�HO�vL�DUDWD�PkLQLOH�SOLQH�GH�SXGUD�GH�WDOF��0LQFLQRV�QHQRURFLW��LDU�DL�IRVW�OD�ERZOLQJ�

Page 84: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���7UHL�LQVL�EHDX�vQ�EDUXO�JDULL��vQ�DVWHSWDUHD�WUHQXOXL��7UHQXO�YLQH�VL��SkQD�VD�LDVD�HL�SH�SHURQ��D�VL�SOHFDW��6FHQD�VH�UHSHWDvQWRFPDL�D�GRXD�RDUD�VL�D�WUHLD�RDUD��8Q�LPSLHJDW��FDUH�DVLVWDVH�OD�FHOH�SHWUHFXWH��YLQH�OD�HL�JUDELW�VL�OH�VSXQH��7UHQXO�D�WUDV�vQ�JDUD�9HGHWL�VD�QX�O�SLHUGHWL�VL�SH�DVWD��(�XOWLPXO�SH�]LXD�GH�D]L�&HL� WUHL� GDX�EX]QD� DIDUD��'RL� UHXVHVF� VD� VH� XUFH�� DO� WUHLOHD� UDPkQH� SH� MRV�6L� vQFHSH� VD� UkGD�6L� UkGH� VL� UkGH�WLQkQGX�VH� FXPkLQLOH�GH�EXUWD��'DU�FH�H�GH�UkV"�vQWUHDED�LPSLHJDWXO�PLUDW��3DL�YHGHWL��(X�VXQW�FHO�FDUH�WUHEXLD�VD�SULQG�WUHQXO��&HLODOWL�GRL�DX�YHQLW�QXPDL�VD�PD�FRQGXFD����8Q�EHWLY�DMXQJH�DFDVD�VL�vQFHDUFD�VD�VL�EDJH�R�WLJDUD�vQ�JDXUD�XVLL��8Q�YHFLQ�vO�YHGH��&H�IDFL�EDL��YUHL�VD�GHVFXL�XVD�FX�WLJDUD"%HWLYXO��6H�SDUH�FD�LDU�PL�DP�IXPDW�FKHLD����8Q�JDJLX�EHDW�WXUWD�VH�SLVD�SH�PLMORFXO�GUXPXOXL��7UHFH�R�FXFRDQD�VL�]LFH��9DL��FH�JURVRODQLH�/D�FDUH�JDJLXO��PkQGUX��+kF��GD�GD�GD�GH�OXQJLPH�Q�DYHWL�QLPLF�GH�]LV"���'RL�EHWLYL�LHV�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�GLQ�FkUFLXPD�VL�YRUEHVF�vQWUH�HL��%D�,RDQH�HX�YDG�GRXD�OXQH�SH�FHU�6H�XLWD�VL�,RQ��%D�9DVLOH�VXQW�WUHL�QX�GRXD�%D�QX�PD�FRQWUD]LFH�HX�vWL�VSXQ�FD�YDG�GRXD�%D�QX�FD�VXQW�WUHL�6L�WRW�FHUWkQGX�VH�HL�DVD�VH�vQWkOQHVF�FX�XQ SROLWLVW��'RPQXOH�SROLWLVW�SXWHWL�VD�QH�VSXQHWL�FkWH�OXQH�VXQW�SH�FHU"6H�XLWD�SROLWLVWXO�vQ�VXV�VL�GXSD�SXWLQ�WLPS�vQWUHDED��3H�FDUH�UkQG"������8Q�EHWLY�VH�VXLH�vQWU�XQ�WD[L�VL�VSXQH��6RIHU�OD�JDUD��'DU�VXQWHP�OD�JDUD�%HWLYXO�VSXQH�VXSDUDW��8LWH������GDU�GDWD�YLLWRDUH�VD�QX�PDL�PHUJL�DVD�WDUH�FD�DP�UDX�GH�YLWH]D����'RL�EHWLYL�VH�LQWDOQHVF�QRDSWHD�SH�VWUDGD��%DL��ODPXUHVWH�PD�VL�SH�PLQH��FKHVWLD�DLD�DOED�GH�SH�FHU�H�/XQD"�1X�VWLX��QX�VXQW�GLQ�FDUWLHUXO�DFHVWD�����0DPD��OD�XVD�VXQW�GRL�RDPHQL�FDUH�FkQWD��'D�OH�FkWH������GH�OHL�VL�VSXQH�OH�VD�SOHFH��%LQH��GDU�QX�VWLX�GDFD�R�VD�SOHFH��XQXO�GLQWUH�HL�HVWH�WDWD����&LFD�vVL�LD�XQ�WLS�XQ�MHHS��&XP�H�VL�QRUPDO��SH�R�SDUWH�VFULH���[����FD�HUD�MHHS�FDUH�VH�UHVSHFWD��ÌQWU�R�VHDUD��vO�RFKHVWH�XQEHWLY�FDUH�VH�XLWD�FKLRUkV�OD���;����VFRDWH�R�FKHLH�VL�]JkULH�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�� ����$�GRXD�]L��SURSULHWDUXO�vVL�SXQH�PkLQLOH�Q�FDS��ÌVL�GXFH�PDVLQD�OD�XQ�VHUYLFH�VL�L�PDL�WUDJH�XQ�VWUDW�GH�YRSVHD��6HDUD��LDU�RRFKHVWH�EHWLYX�� ,DU� VH�XLWD� FKLRUkV� OD� LQVFULSWLD� ��[���� LDU� VH� VFRWRFHVWH�GXSD�FHYD�DVFXWLW�SULQ�EX]XQDUH� VL� DGDXJD� � ����3URSLWDUX�LDU�VH�]JkUkLH��VL�HO��SH�RFKL�FkQG�YHGH�LVSUDYD�VL�LDU�VH�GXFH�OD�VHUYLFH��GD�]LFH��%D��XLWH�DVD�VL�DVD��Q�DL�SXWHD�V�DGDXJL� ���GXSD��[��GD�DVD��FD�VD�SDUD�F�DVD�D�IRVW�GLQ�IDEULFDWLH"�6LJXU��]LFH�PHFDQLFX�=LXD�XUPDWRDUH��LDU�VH�DSURSLH�EHWLYX�GH�MHHS�VL�FLWHVWH����[� �����6WD�RPX�FH�VWD�FX�RFKLL�FkW�FHSHOH�OD�FDOFXOX�DOD��GXSDFDUH�VFRDWH�XQ�FXL�GLQ�EX]XQDU�VL�Pk]JDOHVWH���&25(&7����8Q�LQGLYLG�EHDW�PRUW�VH�XUFD�vQ�DXWREX]�VL�FkQG�YD]X�FD�WRDWH�ORFXULOH�VXQW�RFXSDWH��vQFHSX�VD�UDFQHDVFD��7RWL�DLD�GLQ�SDUWHD�GUHDSWD�VXQWHWL�QLVWH�FXUYDUL��LDU�FHL�GH�SH�SDUWHD�VWkQJD�VXQWHWL�QLVWH�LPSRWHQWL��'RPQXOH�� VH� LQGLJQD�XQ�FDODWRU� FDUH� VWDWHD� SH�XQ� VFDXQ� GLQ�SDUWHD�GUHDSWD� D� DXWREX]XOXL�� HX� QX�PL�DP� vQVHODW� QLFLRGDWDVRWLD����FX�vWL�SHUPLWL����$WXQFL����WUHFL�UHSHGH����OD�FHL�GLQ�SDUWHD�VWDQJD����8Q�EHWLY�LHVH�GLQWU�XQ�EDU�VL�ORYLQGX�VH�GH�XQ�VWkOS�vQFHSH�D�VH�vQYkUWL� vQ�MXUXO�OXL��'XSD�YUH�R�FLQFL�PLQXWH�H[WHQXDW�VHDVHD]D�vQ�IXQG�VL�vQFHSH�VD�VWULJH��%D�FDUH�P�DWL�]LGLW�DLFHD"

Page 85: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���3DWUX�WLSL�LQWUD�vQWU�R�FkUFLXPD��9RWFD�SHQWUX�SDWUX��]LFH�XQXO�'D�EDUPDQXO�UkQGX���WRWL�vO�GDX�OD�IXQG��6H�UHSHWD�VFKHPD�GH�YUHR�WUHL�RUL�SkQD�FDGH�XQXO�VXE�PDVD��9RWFD�SHQWUX�WUHL��FHUH�LDU�SULPD�SHUVRDQD��'D�GRPQXO�QX�PDL�EHD�"�]LFH�vQ�JOXPD�EDUPDQXO�DUDWkQG�VSUH�FHO�FD]XW�VXE�PDVD��1X��GRPQXO�H�VRIHUXO�QRVWUX����&LFD��vQWU�R�]L�XQXO�SUDI�VL�SXOEHUH�GH�EHDW�GD�VD�LDVD�DIDUD�GLQ�FkUFLXPD�FkQG�VH�vPSLHGLFD�VL�FDGH�vQ�PLMORFXO�WURWXDUXOXL�ÌQFHUFkQG�VD�VH�ULGLFH�GH�MRV��ORYLW�FXP�HUD��REVHUYD�OkQJD�HO�R�GDPD�VXSHU�vQWU�R�IXVWD�VFXUWD�VL�XQ�WULFRX��OD�FDUH�vL�]LFH��'D�WX�FH�IDFL�DLFL"�)DF�WURWXDUXO��'D�QX�SXWHDL�VD�O�IDFL�PDL�PRDOH"���8Q� WLS�EHDW�PRUW� LQWUD� vQWU�XQ�EDU�� VL�GXSD�FH� VH� L]EHVWH�GH� FkWLYD� FOLHQWL� vQ� GUXP� VSUH� WHMJKHD�� VH� RSUHVWH� vQ� IDWD� XQHLSHUHFKL�VL�UkJkLH��6RWXO��LQGLJQDW��]ELDUD�OD�HO��&XP�vQGUD]QHVWL�VD�UkJkL�vQDLQWHD�VRWLHL�PHOH"��9DL��vPL�FHU�VFX]H��UDVSXQGH�EHWLYXO��1�DP�VWLXW�FD�HUD�UkQGXO�GXPQHDHL����8Q�WLS�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�EDU�VL�YHGH�XQ�DILV�PDUH��%HUH�SH�JUDWLV����6H�DVHD]D�RPXO�OD�EDU�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�EDUPDQ�FXP�HVWH�FXEHUHD�DLD�JUDWXLWD��%DUPDQXO�UDVSXQGH��&D�VD�EHL�EHUH�JUDWXLW��WUHEXLH�VD�vQGHSOLQHVWL�WUHL�VDUFLQL��SULPD��VD�EHL�XQ�OLWUX�GH�WHTXLOD��D�GRXD���DIDUD�HVWH�XQ�FURFRGLO�GH���PHWUL�FDUH�DUH�XQ�GLQWH�VWULFDW�VL�WX�WUHEXLH�VD�L�O�VFRWL��D�WUHLD���OD�HWDM�VH�DIOD�R�IHPHLH�FDUH�QX�HVWH�QLFLRGDWD�VDWLVIDFXWDVH[XDO�VL�WX�WUHEXLH�VD�R�VDWLVIDFL��2GDWD�WRDWH�DVWHD�IDFXWH�YHL�SULPL�FkWD�EHUH�YUHL�SH�JUDWLV�%HD�JDJLXO�YUHR�VDSWH�RSW�EHUL�SDQD�VH�PDFKHVWH�QLWHO��ÌVL�IDFH�FXUDM�VL�vL�VSXQH�EDUPDQXOXL�FD�HVWH�JDWD�VD�GXFD�OD�vQGHSOLQLUHFHOH�WUHL�VDUFLQL��3HQWUX�vQFHSXW��EDUPDQXO�vL�GD�R�VWLFOD�GH�XQ�OLWUX�FX�WHTXLOD��)DUD�VD�VWHD�SUHD�PXOW�SH�JkQGXUL��WLSXO�WUDJHDHU�vQ�SLHSW�VL�GD�WRDWD�VWLFOD�SH�JkW��9DGLW�DPHWLW��LHVH�DIDUD�OD�FURFRGLO�VL�WUDJH�XVD�GXSD�HO��'H�DIDUD�VH�DXG�]ELHUHWH��UDJHWH�SRFQLWXUL��XUOHWH���WRDWD�JDODJLD�SRVLELOD�'XSD�]HFH�PLQXWH��LQWUD�HURXO�QRVWUX�vQ�EDU�SOLQ�GH�VkQJH��FX�FDPDVD�VIkVLDWD��OD�IHO�GH�EHDW�FXP�SOHFDVH�VL�VSXQH��(L��DFXP���KkF���VD�PD�GXFL���KkF���OD�IHPHLD�DLD���KkF���FDUH�DUH�GLQWHOH�VWULFDW����6WD�XQ�WLS�vQWU�XQ�EDU�FX�XQ�SDKDU�vQ�IDWD�LDU�GXSD�R�RUD�LQWUD�vQ�EDU�XQ�ELNHU�JUDV�VL�vL�EHD�SDKDUXO��7LSXO�FkQG�YHGH�vQFHSHVD�SOkQJD�vQ�KRKRWH�OD�FDUH�ELNHUXO�vL�VSXQH��$�IRVW�GRDU�R�JOXPD�GDFD�WH�D�GHUHQMDW�vWL�FXPSDU�DOWD�EDXWXUD�GDU�WH�URJ�QX�PDL�SOkQJH�FD�QX�VXSRUW�DVD�FHYD�7LSXO�vQFHSH�VD�L�H[SOLFH�SULQWUH�VXJKLWXUL��$VWD]L�D�IRVW�FHD�PDL�QDVRDOD�]L�GLQ�YLDWD�PHD�VL�WRWXO�D�vQFHSXW�GH�GLPLQHDWD�FkQG�QX�P�DP�WUH]LW�VL�DP�vQWkU]LDW�OD�R�VHGLQWDLPSRUWDQWD�GXSD�FDUH�VHIXO�P�D�FRQFHGLDW��$P�SOHFDW�DSRL�VSUH�FDVD�VL�GXSD�FH�DP�SODWLW�WD[LXO�VL�DFHVWD�D�SOHFDW�PL�DP�GDWVHDPD�FD�DP�XLWDW� SRUWRIHOXO� vQ� WD[LX��'XSD�DVWD� LQWUX� vQ�FDVD�VL�R�JDVHVF�SH� VRWLD�PHD� vQ�SDW�FX�FHO�PDL�EXQ�SULHWHQ�� LDUDFXPD�YLQ�DLFL�VD�PL�SXQ�FDSDW�]LOHORU�VL�WH�JDVHVWL�WX�VD�PL�EHL�RWUDYD������8Q�EHWLY�LQWUD�OD�EDU�VL�VSXQH�EDUPDQXOXL��2�YRWFD�PLH��R�YRWFD�OD�WRDWD�OXPHD�VL�R�YRWFD�WLH�%DUPDQXO�VH�H[HFXWD�GDU�FkQG�FHUH�SODWD�EHWLYXO�Q�DUH�EDQL��%DUPDQXO�vO�EDWH�VL�O�GD�DIDUD���6HDUD�XUPDWRDUH�YLQH�EHWLYXO��2�YRWFD�PLH��R�YRWFD�OD�WRDWD�OXPHD�VL�R�YRWFD�WLH�%DUPDQXO� WRDUQD��GDU� OD�SODWD�GLQ�QRX�Q�DUH�EDQL��3RYHVWHD�VH� UHSHWD�GH�FkWHYD�RUL��'XSD�FkWHYD�]LOH�YLQH� LDUDVL�EHWLYXO�VL]LFH��2�YRWFD�PLH�VL�R�YRWFD�OD�WRDWD�OXPHD�%DUPDQXO�vQWUHDED�MLJQLW��6L�SHQWX�PLQH�QX""��1X����]LFH�EHWLYXO��7X�FXP�EHL�XQ�SDKDUHO�GHYLL��YLROHQW����8QX�� EHDW� FULWD�� ]DFHD�QWU�XQ� VDQW�� ÌQWU�XQ� WkU]LX�� VH� WUH]HVWH�� VH� FDXWD� SULQ� EX]XQDUH�� JDVHVWH� R� PLH� GH� OHL�� *ORQW�� ODFUkVPD��9RWFD��GH�R�PLH�2�GD�SH�JkW��VH�IDFH�FXL��FDGH�Q�VDQW��]DFH�DFROR��FkQG�VH�WUH]HVWH��LDU�JDVHVWH�R�PLH�vQWU�XQ�EX]XQDU��LDU�GD�IXJD�OD�FUkVPD�,VWRULD�VH�UHSHWD�GH�FkWHYD�RUL��9D]kQGX�O�D�FLQFHD�RDUD��FKHOQHUXO�DQWLFLSHD]D��6WLX��GH�R�PLH��YRWFD��%D�QX��QX�YRWFD��GDWL�PL�FRQLDF��FD�QXV�GH�FH��GH�YRWFD�DVD�PD�GRDUH�JDXUD�FXUXOXL������9DULDQWD�H[SOLFLWD�8QX��EHDW�FULWD��]DFHD�QWU�XQ�VDQW��8Q�KRPRVH[XDO� vO�YHGH��YLQH� VL�L� IDFH� IHOXO��&D�UHFRPSHQVD� vL�SXQH��������LQ�EX]XQDU�ÌQWU�XQ�WkU]LX��DVWD�VH�WUH]HVWH��VH�FDXWD�SULQ�EX]XQDUH��JDVHVWH�]HFH�PLL�GH�OHL��*ORQW��OD�FUkVPD��9RWFD��GH�]HFH�PLL��

Page 86: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

2�GD�SH�JkW��VH�IDFH�FXL��FDGH�Q�VDQW��]DFH�DFROR��YLQH�KRPRVH[XDOXO�� vO� IDFH�� vL�SXQH���������&kQG�VH� WUH]HVWH�� LDU�JDVHVWH]HFH� PLL� vQWU�XQ� EX]XQDU�� LDU� GD� IXJD� OD� FUkVPD�� ,VWRULD� VH� UHSHWD� GH� FkWHYD� RUL�� 9D]kQGX�O� D� FLQFHD� RDUD�� FKHOQHUXODQWLFLSHD]D��6WLX��GH�]HFH�PLL��YRWFD���%D�QX��QX�YRWFD��GDWL�PL�FRQLDF��FD�QXV�GH�FH��GH�YRWFD�DVD�PD�GRDUH�IXQGXO�������'RL�SULHWHQL�VH�SOLPEDX�EHWL�vQWU�R�QRDSWH�SH�R�VWUDGD�vQWXQHFDWD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��WUHFH�XQ�FDPLRQ�VL�O�FDOFD�SH�XQXOGLQWUH�HL��3ULHWHQXO�VDX��DVD�FXP�D�SXWX�VL�HO��O�D�GXV�SkQD�DFDVD�SH�FROHJXO�VDX�GH�SDKDU��6XQD�OD�XVD��LDU�GLQ�LQWHULRU�VH�DX]L�RYRFH�VRPQRURDVD��1X�PDL�DL�FH�FDXWD�vQ�FDVD�PHD��EHWLYXOH��1X�L�QLPLF��YD�LQWUD�SH�VXE�XVD���VSXVH�DO�GRLOHD�SULHWHQ����'RPQXOH��VH�DGUHVHD]D�XQ�EHWLY�FDWUH�XQ�WUHFDWRU��ILWL�YD�URJ�EXQ�VL�QXPDUDWL�PL�FXFXLHOH����8QX��GRL����SDWUX����VDSWH����RKR��$L�R�FROHFWLH�LPSUHVLRQDQWD����]HFH��XQVSUH]HFH����8QVSUH]HFH�"����9D�PXOWXPHVF����*DWD"�0DL�DP�GRL�VWkOSL�VL�XQ�]LG���VL�DP�DMXQV�DFDVD����8Q� SHVFDU� FX� VWLFOXWD� GH� YRGFD� OkQJD� HO�� /D� XQ� PRPHQW� GDW� SULQGH� SHVWLVRUX� GH� DUJLQW�� 'D� HO� VD�O� DUXQFH� GD� DVWD� vLYRUEHVWH��6WDL�FD�WL�vQGHSOLQHVF�R�GRULQWD��'X�WH�EDL�vQ�SL]GD�PD�WLL��6WDL�EDL�IUDLHUH��%LQH�EDL����GH�DFX�VD�PD�SLV�YRGFD��2N�$UXQFD�DVWD�SHVWLVRUX��'XSD�XQ�WLPS�VH�WHUPLQD�VWLFOD�OXL�GH�YRGFD��6WD�DVWD�FH�VWD�SH�JkQGXUL�VL�SkQD�OD�XUPD�LD�VWLFOD�VL�VHSLVD�vQ�HD��0LURDVH���YRGFD��%HD����YRGFD��9HFLQX�VH�XLWD�OD�HO�FD�OD�IHOX�SDLVSH��&H�IDFL�EDL�DFROR"�%HDX�YRGFD��'X�WH�EDL�,D�VL�JXVWD�9HFLQX��LXWH�OD�PkQLH�vL�GD�XQD�SHVWH�PkQD�VL�VWLFOD�]ERDUD�VL�VH�VSDUJH�GH�R�VWkQFD��$VWD�LD�XQ�FLRE�VL�L�O�GD�YHFLQXOXL�VD�OPLURDVD��$VWD�PLURDVH��9RGFD�EDL�FKLDU�DL�DYXW�GUHSWDWH��9H]L�EDL�IUDLHUH����DFX�GDFD�DL�VSDUW�VWLFOD��WUHFL�VL�LD�GH�OD�VXUVD������2�VDUPDOXWD�SH�IXQGXO�VWRPDFXOXL��$SDU�����GH�YRGFD��&LQH�VXQWHWL�YRL�FD�XUkWL�PDL�VXQWHWL"�6XQWHP�����GH�YRGFD�VL�YHQLP�vQ�FLQVWHD�OXL�*LJL��$SDU�����GH�WXLFD��&LQH�VXQWHWL�YRL�FD�XUkWL�PDL�VXQWHWL"�6XQWHP�����GH�WXLFD�VL�YHQLP�vQ�FLQVWHD�OXL�*LJL��$SDU�����GH�FRJQDF��&LQH�VXQWHWL�YRL�FD�XUkWL�PDL�VXQWHWL"�6XQWHP�����GH�FRJQDF�VL�YHQLP�vQ�FLQVWHD�OXL�*LJL��$SDU�����GH�YLQ��&LQH�VXQWHWL�"�6XQWHP�����GH�YLQ�VL�YHQLP�vQ�FLQVWHD�OXL�*LJL��$SDU������GH�EHUH��&LQH�VXQWHWL�"�6XQWHP������GH�EHUH�VL�YHQLP�SW��*LJL�/D�FDUH�VDUPDOXWD��+DL�VD�LHV�DIDUD�VD�O�FXQRVF�VL�HX�SH�*LJL�DVWD����8Q�WLS�FX�PDVLQD�GDUkPD����JDUGXUL��RPRDUD���SHUVRDQH��SURLHFWHD]D�XQ�FDPLRQ�vQ�]LG�VL�VH�RSUHVWH�vQWU�XQ�FRSDF����'XSD��]LOH��VH�WUH]HVWH�OD�VSLWDO���(L��GRFWRUH��FXP�H"�$P�UH]XOWDWHOH�DQDOL]HORU��ÌQ�DOFRROXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�DP�JDVLW���SLFDWXUL�GH�VkQJH������ÌQ�IDWD�XQXL�KRWHO�GH�OX[�VWD�XQ�RP�vQ�XQLIRUPD��8QXO�EHDW�WXUWD�VD�DSURSLH�GH�HO�VL�L�]LFH��5HSHGH��UHSHGH��&KHDPD�PL�XQ�WD[L�2PXO�vQ�XQLIRUPD��$VFXOWD�ED�HX�QX�VXQW�SRUWDU��HX�VXQW�DPLUDO��1X�L�QLPLFD��]LFH�EHDWXO��DWXQFL�FKHPDWL�PL�XQ�FXLUDVDW������8QXO�PRUW�GH�EHDW�VH�XFD�vQ�WD[L�FD�VD�PHDUJD�DFDVD��WD[LPHWULVWXO�SULYHVWH�vQ�RJOLQGD�UHWURYL]RDUH�VL� OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDWYHGH�FD�RPXO�QRVWUX�vQFHSH�VD�VH�GH]EUDFH��6WULJD�OD�HO��$VWHSWDWL�XQ�PRPHQW�LPHGLDW�DMXQJHWL�DFDVD�

Page 87: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�&H�QX�DP�DMXQV�vQFD"�VSXQH�EHDWXO��7UHEXLD�VD�PL�VSXL�PDL�vQDLQWH�FD�GHMD�PL�DP�SXV�SDQWRILL�vQ�IDWD�XVLL�������8Q�WLS�FX�XQ�PLFURIRQ�vQWUHDED�XQ�SLHWRQ��'LPLQHDWD�EHLWL"�)DFHWL�XQ�VRQGDM�GH�RSLQLH�VDX�YUHWL�PD�WUDWDWL�FX�XQ�ZKLVN\"���-RKQ�HVWH�DGXV�vQ�IDWD�WULQEXQDOXOXL��VXE�DFX]DWLD�GH�FRQWUDEDQGD�FX�EDXWXUL�DOFRROLFH��3ULYLWL�OD�DFHVW�RP��VSXQH�DYRFDWXO�DSDUDULL��DGUHVvQGX�VH�MXUDWLORU�3ULYLWL�FH�ILJXUD�GH�EHWLY�vPSDWLPLW�DUH��&UHGHWL�GRPQLLOHYRDVWUH�FD�XQXO�FD�HO�DU�YLQGH�R�VWLFOD�GH�ZKLVN\��GDF�DU�DYHD�R"���$ELD� V�D� GHVFKLV� EDUXO� VL� DSDUH� XQ� EDUEDW� VODE�� QHUDV�� FX� R� ILJXUD� PDKPXUD� VL� KDLQHOH� PRWRWROLWH�� VL� VH� DGUHVHD]DEDUPDQXOXL��6SXQH�PL��WH�URJ��P�DL�YD]XW�DVWD�QRDSWH�SH�DLFL"�%LQHvQWHOHV��6L�DP�FRQVXPDW�GH�YUHXQ�PLOLRQ"�&DP�DVD�FHYD��%LQH��JDWD��P�DP�OLQLVLW��&UHGHDP�FD�L�DP�SLHUGXW����7UHL�WLSL�VWDX�OD�R�PDVD�vQWU�XQ�EDU��FkQG�XQ�WLS�EHDW�YLQH�OD�HL�VL��DUDWkQG�FDWUH�FHO�GLQ�PLMORF�]LFH��0D�WD�H�FHD�PDL�PDUH�FXUYD�GLQ�RUDV�7RWL�VH�DVWHSWDX�VD�VDUD�OD�EDWDLH��GDU�DFHVWD�vO�LJQRUD�SH�RPXO�EHDW��FDUH�VH�YHGH�QHYRLW�VD�VH�UHWUDJD��=HFH�PLQXWH�PDL�WkU]LX�RPXO�EHDW�YLQH�LDU��$VHDUD�DP�I XW�R�SH�PD�WD�VL�D�IRVW�QHPDLSRPHQLW�7LSXO�LDU�UHIX]D�VD�VDUD�OD�EDWDLH��3HVWH�]HFH�PLQXWH�LDU��DFHHDVL�SRYHVWH��$VHDUD�L�DP�GDW�PXLH�PD�WLL�3kQD�OD�XUPD�WLSXO�VH�HQHUYHD]D��'X�WH�DFDVD�WDWD��HVWL�EHDW����'RL�EHWLYL�VFRW�XQ�RP�SH�MXPDWDWH�vQHFDW�GLQWU�XQ�ODF��9H]L�FH�D�SDWLW�GDFD�D�EDXW�DSD����&LFD�VH�XUFD�XQXO�EHDW�PRUW�vQ�WUDPYDL��6WD�vQ�SLFLRDUH�VL�VH�WLQH�GH�EDUD�GH�VXV�VL����VWkQJD�GUHDSWD�VL�WRW�DVD�SkQD�L�VH�IDFHUDX��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��ERUDVWH�SH�XQ�WLS�FH�VWDWHD�SH�VFDXQ��7LSXO��1HVLPWLWXOH��EHWLYXOH��SRUFXOH���%HWLYXO��,R�SRUF"�8LWD�WH�OD�WLQH�FXP�DUDWL����9LQH�XQX�PRUW�GH�EHDW��LQWUD�vQWU�R�ELVHULFD�FDWROLFD��GLVFXWD�SXWLQ�FX�VWDWXLOH��GXSD�FDUH�LQWUD�vQ�FRQIHVLRQDO�VL�VH�DVHD]DSH�VFDXQ����6WD�SUHRWXO�FH�VWD�� WXVHVWH�SXWLQ����$VWD�QLPLF����0DL�VWD�R�YUHPH��GXSD�FDUH�EDWH�vQ�SHUHWH��GRDU�GRDU�L�R�DWUDJHDWHQWLD��GD�DVWD��1X�PDL�EDWH��EDL�IUDLHUH��FD�QLFL�DLFL�QX�H�KkUWLH�LJLHQLFD����ÌQWU�R�EXQD�GLPLQHDWD� vQ� IDWD�XQXL�PDJD]LQ�XQ�EHWLY�UkGHD�GH� VH�SUDSDGHD��8Q�FHWDWHDQ�FDUH� WUHFX�SH�DFROR� vO�REVHUYD�'XSD�R�RUD��WUHFH�LDU�SH�DFROR��OD�IHO�GXSD�GRXD�VL�WRW�QX�VWLD�GH�FH�UkGHD�DFHO�EHWLY��3kQD�OD�XUPD�vO�vQWUHDED��%D�RPXOH�Uk]L�GH�WUHL�RUH�VL�QX�vQWHOHJ�FH�WH�DPX]D"�6HHIX��EHWL�PDQJD��DP�YD]XW�����EHWL�WXUWD��DP�YD]XW�����EHWL�OXOD��DP�YD]XW�����EHWL�UXSWL��DP�YD]XW�����EHWL�WXQ��DP�YD]XW���GDU��EHWL�&RFD�&ROD��QX�DP�PDL����YD]XW����8Q�EHWLYDQ�vQWUHDED�EDUPDQXO��&kWD�EHUH�YLQGHWL��DVD��SH�]L"�&DP�SDWUX�EXWRDLH����9UHWL�VD�YD�VSXQ�FXP�DWL�SXWHD�VD�YLQGHWL�FLQFL�EXWRDLH�SH�]L"%DUPDQXO�LQWHUHVDW��&XP"�8PSOHWL�KDOEHOH�FD�OXPHD��������'RFWRUH��DP�YRLH�VD�EHDX�EHUH"�vQWUHDED�XQ�DOFRROLF��'RDPQH�IHUHVWH��UDVSXQGH�GRFWRUXO��DWD�YL�DP�LQWHU]LV�DFXP�GRL�DQL��'D��GDU�PL�DP�vQFKLSXLW�FD�PHGLFLQD�D�PDL�IDFXW�SURJUHVH�������1X�PL�DP�SXWXW�vQFKLSXL�FD�ZKLVN\�XO�WH�SRDWH�vQIUXPXVHWD�DVD�GH�PXOW��'DU�QLFL�Q�DP�SXV�JXUD�SH�EDXWXUD��6WLX��HX�vQVD�VXQW�OD�DO�WUHLOHD�SDKDU�

Page 88: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���8Q�EHWLY�YHGH�R�XVD�FX�XQ�EHF�URVX�GHDVXSUD��,QWUD�vQDXQWUX�VL�FHUH�FHYD�PDL�VSHFLDO��6L�L�VH�GD��$�GRXD�]L��GLPLQHDWD�VHWUH]HVWH�VL�VH�XLWD�PLUDW�OD�WLSD�VL�vQWUHDED��3DL�D]L�QRDSWH�DP�VXSW�GLQ�FHO�GH�DO�WUHLOHD�VkQ��XQGH�D�GLVSDUXW"�ÌPL�SDUH�UDX��GDU�FHO�GLQ�PLMORF�HUD�XQ�IXUXQFXO������'RL�SULHWHQL�VH�SOLPEDX�EHWL�vQWU�R�PRDSWH�SH�R�VWUDGD�vQWXQHFDWD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��WUHFH�XQ�FDPLRQ�VL�O�FDOFD�SH�XQXOGLQWUH�HL��3ULHWHQXO�VDX��DVD�FXP�D�SXWX�VL�HO��O�D�GXV�SkQD�DFDVD�SH�FROHJXO�VDX�GH�SDKDU��6XQD�OD�XVD��LDU�GLQ�LQWHULRU�VH�DX]L�RYRFH�VRPQRURDVD��1X�PDL�DL�FH�FDXWD�vQ�FDVD�PHD��EHWLYXOH��1X�L�QLPLF��YD�LQWUD�SH�VXE�XVD��VSXVH�DO�SULHWHQXO������8QXO�]LFH�SULHWHQLORU��'LQ�SDUWHD�PHD��SRW�VD�DUXQFH�WRW�DOFRROXO�GLQ�RUDV�vQ�ODFXO�GLQ�DSURSLHUH��'H�FH"�$L�GHYHQLW�DQWLDOFRROLF"�1X��6FDIDQGUX������/D�WHOHIRQ��$OR��+kF��6RFLHWDWHD�SHQWUX�DMXWRUXO�DOFRROLFLORU"�'D��$YHWL�SUREOHPH"�'D��$V�GRUL�VD�VWLX�FXP�VH�IDFH�OLFKLRUXO�GH�FLRFRODWD������8Q�EHWLY�GD�EX]QD�vQWU�R�EXGD�SXEOLFD�OD�IHPHL�VL�vQFD�GH�OD�LQWUDUH�vQFHSH�VD�VL�GHVIDFD�VOLWXO��7LSD�DLD�FDUH�GD�PHWUXO�GHKvUWLH�LJLHQLFD�vO�LD�OD�URVW��%DL�RPXOH��DLFL�HVWH�SHQWUX�IHPHL��'D�FH�DP�HX�vQ�SURKDE�SHQWUX�FLQH�FUH]L�FD�HVWH"���8QXO�EHDW�WXUWD�VWD�SH�R�ERUGXUD�vQ�IDWD�XQXL�EDU��8Q�VWUDLQ�YLQH�OD�HO�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�GDFD�vL�PHUJH�UDX�VDX�GDFD�QX�VH�SRDWHULGLFD��%HDWXO�UDVSXQGH��+HL��6WLL�WX�FLQH�V�HX"�1X��&LQH"�,VXV�&ULVWRV���VL�WL�R�SRW�GRYHGL��9LQR�FX�PLQH��,QWUD�vQ�EDU�VL�VWUDLQXO�GXSD�HO��%DUPDQXO�vO�YHGH�SH�EHWLY�VL�]LFH�VXSDUDW��,VXVH��,DU�HVWL�DLFL�������0D�ODV�GH�EDXWXUD��]LFH�%XOD�XQXL�SULHWHQ��&XP�DVD"�3DL�D]L�QRDSWH�DP�IRVW�DWkW�GH�EHDW�vQFkW�GH�DELD�P�DP�WkUkW�SH�WUHSWHOH�FDVHL�SkQD�vQ�GRUPLWRU����6L�FH�L�DVD�GH�UDX�vQ�DVWD"�����3DL�QLFL�QX�DP�GHVFKLV�XVD�GRUPLWRUXOXL�FD�HUDP�GHMD�vQ�SDW�VL�vPL�IX WHDP�QHYDVWD�������1HYDVWD�XQXLD�FXULRDVD�GH�FH�EDUEDWD�VX�vVL�SHWUHFHD�QRSWLOH�vQ�FUkVPD��YUHD�QHDSDUDW�VD�YLQD�FX�HO�VD�YDGD�FH�PRWLY�DUH�GHvL�SODFH�DWkW�GH�PXOW�DFROR��&H�EHL"�R�vQWUHDED�HO��&H�EHL�VL�WX��]LFH�HD�(O�vVL�FRPDQGD�WUHL�SDKDUH�GH�ZKLVNL�VL�OH�EHD�GLQWU�R�vQJKLWLWXUD�SH�WRDWH��(D�vQFHDUFD�VD�EHD�OD�IHO�GH�UHSHGH�GDU�VH�vQHDFD�VLVFXLSD�ZKLVNL�XO�GLQ�JXUD��&XP�SRWL�VD�EHL�DVD�XQ�FDFDW��]LFH�HD��9H]L��VL�WX�]LFL�FD�PD�GLVWUH]�vQ�ILHFDUH�VHDUD�������'RL�EHWLYL�VWDX�GH�YRUED��=LFH�SULPXO��6WLL��FkQG�DYHDP����GH�DQL�QX�SXWHDP�VD�PL�vQGRL�SX D�VFXODWD�GHORF��/D����DP�UHXVLW�FX�JUHX�V�R�vQGRL�FX�YUHR���JUDGH��/D���D� IRVW�GHVWXO�GH�XVRU� V�R� vQGRL� FX����GH�JUDGH���� 6DSWDPkQD�YLLWRDUH� IDF����GH� DQL� VL� GHMD�SRW� V�R� vQGRL� FX�R�PkQD� SHMXPDWDWH����6L�FH�YUHL�VD�PL�VSXL�FX�WRDWH�DFHVWHD""�0D�vQWUHE�FkW�GH�SXWHUQLF�R�VD�PD�PDL�IDF�"����8QXO�EHDW��UHD]HPD�XQ�IHOLQDU��$OWXO��WRW�EHDW��DUDWkQG�IHOLQDUX��vO�vQWUHDED��&HL�DVWD�GRPQXOH"�/XQD�VDX�VRDUHOH"�1X�VWLX�GRP�OH�FD�HX�QX�V�GH�SULQ�SDUWHD�ORFXOXL������6H�XUFD�XQ�EHWLY�vQ�WUDPYDL��VL�YRPLWD�SH�XQ�FDODWRU��OD�FDUH�FDODWRUXO��&H�IDFL�PD�SRUFXOH"

Page 89: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�7X�YRUEHVWL�EDL��QX�YH]L�FXP�DUDWL�������8Q�EHWLY�vQ�WUDPYDL��6DODOD����"�1X�vWL�HVWH�UXVLQH�DQLPDOXOH��VSXVH�R�GRDPQD�(O�UDVSXQGH��6DQFKL�FD�WX�DL�IL�YUHR�SODQWD�������,QWUD�XQX�vQWU�XQ�EDU��DIXPDW�UDX��VH�WUkQWHVWH�vQWU�XQ�VFDXQ��VL�FRPDQGD�XQ�ZKLVN\��%DUPDQXC�]LFH��SROLWLFRV��FD�QX�L�GD�FD� H� FDP� EDXW�� VL�L� GH�DMXQV�� ÌQMXUD� DVWD� XQ� SLF� VL� SOHDFD��1X� WUHF� ��PLQXWH�� FD� LQWUD� LDUDVL� RPXO�� V�DUXQFD� vQ� WDEXUHW�� VLFRPDQGD�XQ�ZKLVN\��ÌL�H[SOLFD�EDUPDQX��PDL�IHUP��FD�QX�L�PDL�GD��FD�VL�DVD�D�EDXW�GHVWXO��%RGRJDQH�VL�vQMXUD�RPXO��GD�VHFDUD�YkUWHM�SD�XVD�DIDUD���'XSD�vQFD�YUHR���PLQXWH��LDUD�QDYDOHVWH�RPX�vQ�EDU��LDUD�VH�SULSRQHVWH�vQWU�XQ�VFDXQ��VL�FRPDQGD�XQ�ZLVN\���%DUPDQX�vL�]LFHLDUD��GH�GDWD�DVWD�UDVSLFDW��FD�QX�vQFDSH�vQ�GLVFXWLH��FD�RPX�L�PXOW�SUHD�EHDW����OD�FDUH�EHWLYDQX�L]EXFQHVWH�vQ�SOkQV���'RPCOH��QX�PDL�SRW��SHQWUX�QXPHOH�OXL�'XPQH]HX��GD�WX�vQ�FkWH�EDUXUL�PDL�OXFUH]L"������9DULDQWD�OD����8Q�EHWLY�FLRFDQHD�GH�PDPD�IRFXOXL�vQWU�XQ�VWkOS�UDFQLQG��'HVFKLGHWL��GHVFKLGHWL�1LFL�XQ�UDVSXQV��%HWLYXO�VWULJD�LDU��'DU�GHVFKLGHWL�RGDWD�,DU�QLPLF��&X�XOWLPHOH�SXWHUL�XUOD��'HVFKLGHWL�LPHGLDW�'LQ�QRX��QLPLF��ÌQ�ILQDO�H[FODPD��,DU�P�DX�vQFXLDW�DLFL��%DQFXUL�FX�FLREDQL��Ì�&XP�JDVHVWH�XQ�FLREDQ�R�RDLH�vQ�SRUXPE"5�$FFHSWDELOD�����Ì�'H�FH�GRUP�FLREDQLL�SH�EXUWD"5�3HQWUX�FD�VD�QX�OH�IXUH�FLQHYD�EUkQ]D�����Ì�'H�XQGH�VH�REWLQH�OvQD�SXUD��YLUJLQD"5�'H�OD�R�RDLH�XUkWD���$OH�PDWDOHV�RLOH"�vQWUHDED�XQ�WXULVW�SH�XQ�FLREDQ��,QFRQWHVWDELO��,D�WH�XLWD����6L�OH�GXFL�OD�SDVFXW"�1X��/D�DXWRIXUDMDUH���8Q�DFDGHPLFLDQ�PHUJH�SH�PXQWH�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VL�GD�GH�XQ�EDFL��ÌL�]LFH��%DGH��DOH�WDOH�V�RLOH�FHOH�GH�VXE�SRDOD�SDGXULL"�,QGXELWDELO���9DULDQWD�8Q� SURIHVRU� ILORORJ� VH� SOLPED� SH� OD�PXQWH�� /D� XQ�PRPHQW� GDW� YHGH� XQ� FLREDQ� FX� RLOH� OD� SDVFXW�� &XP� HUD� HO� SLHUGXW� SHJkQGXUL��vO�vQWUHDED�SH�FLREDQ��$QFHVWUDOXOH�SDVWRU��vQ�SRVHVLD�GXPLWDOH�VH�DIOD�DFHVWH�PLQXQDWH�SDWUXSHGH�SDUDFRSLWDWH"�,QGXELWDELO���(UDX�GRL�FLREDQL�DUGHOHQL��VL�ILHFDUH�SDVWH�WXUPD�OXL�SH���GHDOXUL�FDUH�HUDX�GHVSDUWLWH�GH�XQ�GUXP�QDWLRQDO��/D�XQ�PRPHQWGDW�YLQH�XQ�7,5�VL�ORYHVWH�FHD�PDL�IUXPRDVD�RDLH�D�XQXLD�GLQWUH�HL��8UPHD]D�XUPDWRUXO�GLDORJ��,RQLH��YD]XW�DL�PDJDRDLD�KDLD�PDUH�FDUH�R�WUHFXW"�9D]XW�PDD��$L�YD]XW�FD�W�R�FDOFDW�VHD�PDL�PkQGUD�PLRDUD�PDD"�9D]XW�PDD��6vv��VHH�VkPWkVWL�PDD"�ÌPL�UHSXJQD�

Page 90: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

��/D�WDUD��OD�PDUJLQHD�XQXL�FkPS��XQ�SLFWRU�WRFPDL�vVL�LQVWDODVH�XVWHQVLOHOH�GH�SLFWDW��ÌQ�IDWD�OXL�VH�DIOD�R�WXUPD�GH�RL�VL�XQEDFL�FDUH�OH�SD]HD��3LFWRUXO�vO�vQWUHDED��ÌPL�GDL�YRLH�VD�WL�SLFWH]�RLOH"�9D�URJ��GRPQXOH��QX��$V�GRUL�VD�UDPkQD�DOEH���'RL�FLREDQL�VWDWHDX�GH�YRUED�VL�vVL�SRYHVWHDX�DYHQWXULOH�DPRURDVH��8QXO�GLQWUH�HL�]LFH��1R��YH]L�WX�FRSDFX�FHOD"�$FROR�DP�YLRODW�HX�SH�XQD��$VD�PD"�$VD��VL�HUD�VL�PDVD�GH�IDWD��$VD�PD��VL�PDVD�FH�D�]LV"�%HHHHHH������8Q�FLREDQ�FDODWRUHD�FX�WUHQXO��ÌQ�FRPSDUWLPHQW�HUDX�PDL�PXOWH�IHPHL�FDUH�GLVFXWDX�GHVSUH�GXUHUL��8QD�GLQ�HOH��'XUHUHD�GH�PDVHOH�HVWH�JURD]QLFD�$OWD�]LFH��'XUHUHD�OD�QDVWHUH�HVWH�LQVXSRUWDELOD��6H�YHGH�FD�QX�Y�D�ORYLW�QLPHQL�FX�R�EkWD�vQ�FRDLH��LQWHUYHQL�FLREDQXO���������8Q�HQJOH]�DMXQJH�OD�R�VWkQD�GLQ�&DUSDWL��&RQVXOWD�GLFWLRQDUXO�HQJOH]�URPDQ�VL�GXSD�R�RUD�UHXVHVWH�VD�OHJH�R�IUD]D��%DGKH��DOH�WKDOH�VkQW�RHOH"�<HV��2I�FRXUVH����8Q�HQJOH]��VPLQWLW�FD�WRWL�HQJOH]LL��XPEOD�SULQ�&DUSDWL�QRVWUL�FD�VD�FXOHDJD�IROFORU��&RERUkQG�R�YDOH��YHGH�XQ�EDGH�FX�RLOH�)HULFLW�FD�SRDWH�VD�VL�GHPRQVWUHH]H�YHOHLWDWLOH�OLQJYLVWLFH��LQWUD�vQ�YRUED�FX�EDFLXO��&H�IDFL��EDGH"�3DVWL�RLOH"%DFLXO�VH�XLWD�OD�QLPXULFD�URVFDWD�VL�FXULRV�vPEUDFDWD��VH�VFDUSLQD�SH�FUHVWHW��VL�vVL�YHGH�GH�RL�PDL�GHSDUWH��(QJOH]X�vQIXULDWVFRDWH�JKLGXO�GH�FRQYHUVDWLH�GLQ�EX]XQDU�VL�VL�UHSHWD�SOHGRDULD��=LXD�EXQD��EDGH��&H�IDFL��SDVWL�RLOH"%DFLXO�vO�LJQRUD�FRPSOHW��LDU�GXSD�XQ�WLPS�VH�XLWD�OD���LQJOH]���vVL�GD�FORSX�SH�VSDWH�VL�L�]LFH��+HL�PHQ��,�WKLQN�\RX�KDYH�DQ�REVHVLRQ�����""""""��������8Q�HQJOH]�WRW�SULQ�&DUSDWL�VD�FXOHDJD�IROFORU��$MXQJH�vQWU�R�SDMLVWH�XQGH�XQ�FLREDQ�FkQWD�GLQ�IOXLHU��(QJOH]XO�DVFXOWD�XLPLWGH�GLEDFLD�EDFLXOXL�VL�FkQ�DVWD�vVL�WHUPLQD�GRLQD�vVL�UDVIRLHVWH�JKLGXO�GH�FRQYHUVDWLH�VL�L�]LFH��7X�FkQWDW�IRUWH�IUXPRV��EDGMH�����/D�FDUH�EDFLXO��<HV��,�OLNH�PXVLF�������'RL�FLREDQL��,RDQH��DP�JDVLW�R�PRGDOLWDWH�FD�VD�QX�WL�PDL�PLURDVD�XUkW�FLRUDSLL��&DUH�PD"�1X�L�PDL�SRUWL����'RL�FLREDQL��FX�RLOH�SH�FkPS�VWDX�GH�YRUED���3DYHO�]DUHVWH�vQ�GHSDUWDUH��%D��,RDQH��VDUL�FD�WL�PkQFD�FkLQHOH�VODQD��PDD�����0kQFD�SD�PXPD�VD�FD�EULVFD�L�OD�PLQH����8Q�EDFL� LQWUD� VL�HO� vQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ� VL�FHUH�XQ�SXORYHU��FD� L�D�]LV�XQ�YHFLQ�F�DX�DGXV�XQHOH�PHVHULDVH��9kQ]DWRUXO� vL�GDXQXO��RPXO�vO�SUREHD]D��vL�SODFH��VL�L�]LFH�YkQ]DWRUXOXL��$SRL��PDL�GDWL�PL�VL�XQ�SL]GRYHU�SHQWUX�QHYDVWD�PHD��VL�XQ�SXW]RYHU�SHQWUX�DOD�PLFX�����%DGH�,RDQH��GXPQHDWD�HVWL�VLQJXUXO�PDUWRU�DO�FHORU� vQWvPSODWH��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FH�VXVWLQH�GRPQLVRDUD�VL�DQXPH�FD�D�IRVWWUvQWLWD�VL�DSRL�DX�IDFXW�GUDJRVWH�vQ�SDGXUH"%DGHD�,RQ�VH�JvQGHVWH�vQGHOXQJ��GXSD�FDUH�VSXQH���$VWD�HX�QX�VWLX��GDFD�DX�IDFXW�VDX�QX�GUDJRVWH��(X�QXPDL�DWvW�DP�YD]XW��FD�VH�IXWHDX�����7DW�QX�SXWHDP�VD�GRUP�QRDSWHD�VL�PL�R�]kV�GRP�GRIWRU�VD�vQFKLG�RFKLL�VL�VD�PD�DSXF�VD�PL�QXPDU�RLOH�SkQD�DGRUP��6L�R�PHUV"�6WDL�VD�YH]L��0�DP�DSXFDW�VD�OH�QXPDU�VL�SH�XUPD�PL�R�SHULW�WRW�VRPQXO��FkQG�DP�EDJDW�GH�VHDPD�FD�PL�OLSVHVF�GRXD������8Q�FLREDQ�VWDWHD�VSULMLQLW�vQ�EkWD��%kWD�HUD�FDP�OXQJD�VL�FLREDQXO�VWDWHD�XQ�SLF�SH�YkUIXUL��8Q�WXULVW�vL�VSXQH��%DGH�SDUFD�H�FDP�OXQJD�EkWD�DLD��&DP�OXQJD�

Page 91: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�6L�GH�FH�QX�WDL�R�EXFDWD�GLQ�HD"�0�DP�JkQGLW�HX�VD�WDL�R�EXFDWD�GLQ�HD��GD�YH]L�WX��DLFL�XQGH�WLQ�HX�PkLQLOH��SUHWLQX�GH�OD�FDUH�R�DP�R�IDFXW�QLVWH�PRGHOH�FXEULVFD�VL�PL�H�SDFDW�VD�OH�WDL��'D�GH�FH�QX�WDL�GH�MRV�EDGH"�'RDU�QX�PLV�QHEXQ��FD�DLFL�VXV�PL�OXQJD�QX�MRV����7RDPQD��EXUQLWD��&LREDQLL�VWDX�vQ�EkWH��FX�WXQGUHOH�Q�VSLQDUH��6L�RIWHD]D��(KHHHHH����6L�EXUQLWHD]D��VL�RLOH�SDVF��WLPSXO�SDUFD�D�vQFUHPHQLW��&LREDQLL��(KHHHHH�������6L�EXUQLWHD]D��VL�RLOH�SDVF��8Q�FLREDQ��(KHHHHH������VL�FkQG�WH�JkQGHVWL�FH�SX L�DYHP����'RL�FLREDQL�GLVFXWDX��$X]L��EUH��FLFD�OD�%XFXUHVWL�VH�PkQFD��VH�EH��VL�VH�IXWH�SH�JUDWLV����1R�DPX��GH�XQGH�VWLL"�&H�DL�IRVW�SH�DFROR"�'DSRL�LR�QX��GD�R�IRVW�QHYDVWD�PHD����,RQ�VL�*KHRUJKH�GRUPHDX�OD�VWkQD�VXE�DFHHDVL�SDWXUD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�,RQ�VH�VFRDOD�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�*KHRUJKH��1R��ED�*KHR��1R��FH�L�PD"�0D�WX�IDFL�ODED��PD"�$SDL��GD��6L�VLPWL�FHYD"�$SDL��QX��3DL�ID�WL�R�WLH�PD"������%DFLX�*KHRUJKH�VWDWHD�UH]HPDW�vQ�EkWD�VL�SULYHD�vQ�]DUH��&H�IDFL��EDFH�*KHRUJKH��VH]L�VL�FXJHWL"�%D��QXPD�VHG����'RL�FLREDQL�PRWDLH�vQ�FROLED��SH�VHDUD��8QX�GLQ�HL�VH�vQWRDUFH�vQFHW�SH�R�SDUWH�VL�]LFH��0DL�9DVLOH��PDL��PDL�WR�WH�RL�EHVLW�PDL�7UHFH�DVD�YUHR�MXPD�GH�RUD��VL�9DVLOH�UDVSXQGH��$SDL��QX�LR��PDL��FkLQHOH�V�R�EHVLW��PD���0DL�WUHFH�R�RUD��VL�DFX�SULPXO�FLREDQ�LDU�]LFH��$SDL�PDL�9DVLOH�PDL��FkLQHOH�QX�L�DLFHD�,DU�WUHFH�R�RUD��6L�9DVLOH�UDVSXQGH��$SDL��OD�FD�YLQH�HO������'RL�FLREDQL�SH�PDOXO�XQXL�ODF�FX�RLOH��'LQ�ODF�VH�DXGH�FLQHYD�WLSkQG��+(/3��+(/3��+(/3�8QX�GLQWUH�FLREDQL��&H�]LFH�DOD�PD"�=LFH�FD�KHOS������8Q�EDGH�DMXQJH�GLQ�vQWvPSODUH�SH�SODMD�OD�QXGLVWL��vQ�WLPSXO�XQXL�FRQFHGLX�DJUDU��VL�VH�XLWD�FDP�GH�PXOWLVRU�OD�XQ�WLS�FDUHIDFHD�IORWDUL��GXSD�XQ�WLPS�EXQLVRU�VH�DSURSLH�GH�HO�VL�vO�RSUHVWH�GLQ�DFWLYLWDWH�]LFvQGX�L��+R��ED��RSUHVWH�WH�FD�GRDUD�WL�R�IXJLW�GH�PXOW�GH�VXWLQH������%DFLXO�HVWH�SH�PRDUWH�VL�FLUDFXO�SOkQJH��6SXQH�%DFLXO��1X�PDL�SOkQJH�PD��FD�WH�DP�vQYDWDW�WRDWH�VHFUHWHOH�PHVWHVXJXOXL��YHL�IL�VL�WX�XQ %DFL�GLEDFL��'D��%DFLXOH��GD�PL�H�IULFD�FD�QX�VWLX�FH�R�VD�IDF�FkQG�YLQ�OXSLL�OD�VWkQD��1X�DL�WX�EDL��VSXQH�%DFLXO��vO�FKHPL�SH�&RVWLFD��&XP��%DFLXOH"�&RVWLFD�HVWH�FHO�PDL�MLJDULW�FkLQH�DO�QRVWUX��1R��WX�ID�DVD�FXP�DP�VSXV�LR��FD�PD�GXF�6L�PXUL�%DFLXO��/D�FkWHYD�RUH�YLQ�OXSLL�OD�VWkQD�VL�vQQHEXQLW�GH�JURD]D��vVL�DGXFH�WkQDUXO�%DFL�DPLQWH�GH�VSXVHOH�PDHVWUXOXL�6L�]LFH��6R�SD�HL��&RVWLFD�$SDUH�VFKLORGXO�GH�&RVWLFD��ODWUD�GH�GRXD�WUHL�RUL�VL�IXJ�OXSLL�vQHEXQLWL��/D�YUH�XQ�NP�GH�VWkQD��OXSXO�DO�WkQDU�vL�]LFH�OXL�WDFVX��6WLL�FHYD�WDWD"�'H�FH�IXJLP�QRL�GH�VFKLORGXO�DOD"�$OD�QX�QH�SRDWH�IDFH�DOWFHYD�GHFkW�VD�QH�VXJD�SX D��'D��ILXOH��GDU�67,,�&(�%8=(�5(&,�$5("

Page 92: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���'RL�FLREDQL�vQ�EkWH��2LOH�SDVF��0D�,RDQLH��IDLQ�vL�IX DLX���'XSD�FLQFL�PLQXWH��'D�PD�*KHR�GD�SDUFD�L�PDL�IDLQ�&UDFLXQX���'XSD�DOWH�FLQFL�PLQXWH��&XP�DVD�PD�,RDQLH"'XSD�vQFD�FLQFL��$SD�SDUFD�L�PDL�GHV������8Q�EDODXU�YLQH�OD�XQ�FLREDQ��&LREDQH�vWL�PDQkQF�MXPDWDWH�GLQ�WXUPD��&LREDQXO�FDOP�IXPD�&DSDWL��$�GRXD�]L�YLQH�LDU�EDODXUXO��&LREDQXOH�vWL�PDQkQF�VL�FHDODOWD�MXPDWDWH�GH�WXUPD�&REDQXO�FDOP�IXPD�0DUDVHVWL��ÌL�PDQkQFD�FDVD�QHYDVWD�FRSLL��&LREDQXO�FDOP��6D�QX�WL�EDJL�SX D�vQ�HO�GH�EDODXU����1LVWH�VDYDQWL�PHUJHDX�SULQ�$SXVHQL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��YDG�FKLDU�vQ�PLMORFXO�GUXPXOXL�XQ�FDFDW��6H�RSUHVF�VL�vQFHS�VD�VHFHUWH���GDFD�H�GH�EDUEDW�VDX�GH�IHPHLH��7UHFH�SH�DFROR�XQ�FLREDQ��ÌO�RSUHVF�VL�vL�FHU�VD�PHGLH]H�FRQIOLFWXO��&LREDQXO�VWD��VHXLWD�DWHQW�OD�FDFDW��vO�vQFRQMRDUD��GXSD�FDUH�]LFH��$SDL�vL�GH�EDUEDW��'RPQH��GDU�FXP�SRWL�IL�DWvW�GH�VLJXU"�]LF�VDYDQWLL��$SDL�����IHPHLOH�VXQW�PDL�UXVLQRDVH��QX�V�DU�FDFD�FKLDU�vQ�PLMORFXO�GUXPXOXL��V�DU�GXFH�vQWU�XQ�WXILV�����GXSD�GLVWDQWD�GLQWUHFDFDW�VL�XUPD�GH�SLVDW��H�OLPSHGH�FD�H�GH�EDUEDW��VL����DSDL�HX�O�DP�IDFXW����8Q�JUXS�GH�WXULVWL�SULQ�$SXVHQL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��JDVHVF�R�SHVWHUD��,QWUD��R�YL]LWHD]D�� WRWXO�HUD� IRDUWH� IDLQ��QXPDL�FDPLURVHD�vQJUR]LWRU��&kQG�LHV�DIDUD��VH�vQWkOQHVF�FX�XQ EDFL��ÌO�vQWUHDED��'RPQH��FH�H�FX�SHVWHUD�DVWD��H�IRDUWH�IUXPRDVD��GDU�GH�FH�SXWH�DVD�vQJUR]LWRU�vQDXQWUX"�$SDL�GUDJLL�PHL��UDVSXQGH�EDFLXO��H�R�vQWUHDJD�OHJHQGD��3H�YUHPXUL��vQDXQWUX�WUDLD�XQ�FDSFDXQ��'H�GRXD�RUL�SH�DQ�FRERUD�vQVDW�VL�UDSHD�FHD�PDL�IUXPRDVD�IHPHLH��7RW�DVD�SvQD�FvQG�DX�UDPDV�VDWHQLL�QXPDL�FX�XUkWHQLL�GH�IHPHL��SH�FDUH�QX�OH�PDL�I WHDQLPHQL�� VL� GHFL� VDWXO� HUD� vQ� SUDJXO� GLVSDULWLHL��$WXQFL� V�DX� DGXQDW� VDWHQLL� VD� VH� VIDWXLDVFD� FXP� VD� VFDSH� GH� FDSFDXQ�� 6�DXJvQGLW� VD�vO�FKHPH�SH�)DW�)UXPRV��,�DX�GDW�XQ�ID[� VL�GXSD�R�VDSWDPkQD�D�YHQLW��$�LQWUDW�)DW�)UXPRV� vQ�SHVWHUD�� O�D�OXDW�SHFDSFDXQ�VL�O�D�vQILSW�SkQD�OD�JOH]QH�vQ�SDPkQW��&DSFDXQXO�V�D�HQHUYDW�VL�O�D�EDJDW�SH�)DW�)UXPRV�SvQD�OD�JHQXQFKL��DVWD�FH��VDVH�ODVH�PDL�SUHMRV"�ÌO�LD�SH�FDSFDXQ�VL�O�EDJD�SkQD�Q�EUkX��&DSFDXQXO��FX�XOWLPHOH�SXWHUL��vO�LD�SH�)DW�)UXPRV�VL�O�EDJD�SvQD�ODVXEVXRUL��)DW�)UXPRV��QHUYRV�FD�GUDFX��vO�LD�SH�FDSFDXQ��vO�EDJD�SkQD�vQ�JkW��VFRDWH�SDORVXO�VL�L�WDLH�EHUHJDWD��6DWHQLL��IRDUWHIHULFLWL��DX�WUDV�XQ�FKHI�GH�SRPLQD���YUHR�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL�DX�WRW�EDXW��&D�UDVSODWD�SHQWUX�)DW�)UXPRV��L�DX�GDW�R�SH�FHD PDLIUXPRDVD�GLQWUH�XUkWHOH�SH�FDUH�OH�PDL�DYHDX��DVWLD�GRL�V�DX�FDVDWRULW�VL�DX�WUDLW�SvQD�OD�DGkQFL�EDWUkQHWL�vQ�SHVWHUD��%LQH�GRPQH��GD�WRW�Q�DP�vQWHOHV��FH�SXWH�DVD�vQ�SHVWHUD"�$SDL�QX�VWLX��V�D�IL�FDFDW�YUHXQXO�SH�DFROR����8Q�VWXGHQW�KLSS\��FX�SDU�PDUH�� vPEUDFDW�FRUHVSXQ]DWRU��D�PHUV� vQ�PXQWH� vQ�H[FXUVLH��'XSD�YUHR�GRXD�]LOH�DMXQJH� OD�RVWvQD�GH�RL��EDGHD�O�SRIWHVWH�vQDXQWUX�VL�VWXGHQWXO�vO�vQWUHDED�GDFD�SRDWH�VD�UDPvQD�SHVWH�QRDSWH�OD�VWvQD��SRDWH�VD�PDQvQFH�VLQLVWH�FDV��%DGHD�vL�UDVSXQGH��'D��FXP�VD�QX��GDU�DX]L��PDWDOH�HVWL�EDLDW�RUL�IDWD"6WXGHQWXO�VH�JkQGHVWH�XQ�SLF�VL�]LFH��$KD�EDGH��WX�YUHL�VD�IX L�FHYD�/D�FDUH�EDGHD��3DL�R�VD�I W�RULFXP��GD�WH�DP�vQWUHEDW�FD�VD�VWLX�FXP�VD�WH�SXQ����9DULDQWD��%DGH�*KHRUJKH�FH�WH�XLWL�DVD�JDOHV�OD�PLQH"�'RDU�VL�HX�VXQW�EDUEDW��VXQW�VWXGHQW�JHRGH]�VL�DP�GRDU�SDUXO�OXQJ�VL�FHUFHO�vQXUHFKH��$SDL�QX�PL�SDVD�FH�PL�HVWL�FD�GH�IX XW�WRW�WHL�IXFKH�GD�PD�JLQJQHVF�FXP�WH�RL�SXJQH������2�UHSRUWHUD�YLQH�OD�XQ�EDFL�VL�O�vQWUHDED��%DFLXOH�FDUH�RL�GDX�OkQD�PDL�EXQD��FHOH�DOEH�VDX�FHOH�QHJUH"�3DL�FHOH�QHJUH�ELQHvQWHOHV��UDVSXQGH�EDFLXO��'D�GH�FH�FHOH�QHJUH��vQWUHDED�UHSRUWHUD�PLUDWD��FHOH�DOEH�QX�GDX�OkQD�EXQD"�%D�GD��VL�DOHD�DOEH��%LQH�VL�ODSWHOH�FDUH�O�DX�PDL�EXQ�FHOH�DOEH�VDX�FHOH�QHJUH"�vQWUHDED�GLQ�QRX�UHSRUWHUD��$K��SDL�ELQHvQWHOHV�FD�FHOH�QHJUH��UDVSXQGH�EDFLXO��'D��]LFH�UHSRUWHUD��LDU�FHOH�QHJUH��VL�FHOH�DOEH�QX�GDX�ODSWH�EXQ"�%D�GD��VL�DOHD�DOEH�GDX�ODSWH�EXQ��UDVSXQGH�EDFLXO��%DFLXOH�GDU�FDUQHD�FDUH�R�DX�PDL�EXQD��FHOH�DOEH�VDX�FHOH�QHJUH��vQWUHDED�LDU�UHSRUWHUD�%DFLXO�UDVSXQGH�LPHGLDW�

Page 93: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�3DL�FHOH�QHJUH�ELQHvQWHOHV�5HSRUWHUD�GLVSHUDWD��'D�GH�FH�PHUHX�FHOH�QHJUH"�&HOH�DOEH�FH�DX"�3DL�FHOH�QHJUH�VXQW�DOH�PHOH��UDVSXQGH�EDFLXO��$KD�]LFH�UHSRUWHUD��GH�DLD��VL�FHOH�DOEH�QX�VXQW�WRW�DOH�PDWDOH"�%D�GD�]LFH�EDFLX��VL�DOHD�DOEH������&LFD�XQ�EDFL�VWDWHD�vQ�ERDWD�VL�VL�SULYHD�RLOH��2�WUXSD�GH�WXULVWL�VH�RSUHVWH�vQ�IDWD�OXL�VL�L�DGPLUD�ERWD�VFXOSWDWD��%DGH��GD�FH�YUHD�VD�UHSUH]LQWH�VFXOSWXUD�DVWD�GLQ�SDUWHD�GH�VXV�D�ERDWHL"�$SRL�L�XQ�PRWLY�DUKDLF�GLQ�0DUDPXUHV����%DGH�GD�DVWD�GH�VXE�HD"�3DL�DVWD�L�XQ�PRWLY�YHFKL�GLQ�0XQWHQLD����'D�DVWD�GH�PDL�MRV��EDGH"�(L��DVWD�L�XQ�PRWLY�GLQ�'REURJHD�GH�SH�YUHPHD�6I��$QGUHL����'D�MRV�GH�WRW�GH�FH�Q�DL�PDL�VFXOSWDW�QLPLF��EDGH"�'�DSRL�FH�PRWLY�DV�IL�DYXW"���8QXL�FLREDQ�QX�L�IDWDX�RLOH�DVD�FD�V�D�GXV�OD�XQ�YHWHULQDU�VD�L�SURSXQD�FHYD��$FHVWD�vL�VSXVH�VD�OH�GXFD�SH�GHDO�VL�VD�OH�IX DLDU�GDFD�RLOH�VWDX�OD�VRDUH�vQVHDPQD�FD�VXQW�JUDYLGH�LDU�GDFD�VWDX�OD�XPEUD�QX��=LV�VL�IDFXW�FLREDQXO�XUFD�RLOH�vQWU�R�GXED�VL�OHGXFH�vQ�YkUIXO�GHDOXOXL�XQGH� IDFH�FH� L�D�]LV�YHWHULQDUXO��$MXQV�DFDVD� LVWRYLW�VH�XLWD�SH�JHDP� LDU�RLOH� OXL�HUDX� OD�XPEUD��6HULGLFD�� OH�XUFD� LDU� vQ�GXED�VL�SOHDFD�SH�GHDO��$MXQV�GLQ�QRX�DFDVD�LVWRYLW� �QX�PDL�SXWHD�VD�VWHD�QLFL� LQ�SLFLRDUH��R�URDJD�SHVRWLD�VD�VD�VH�XLWH�FH�IDF�RLOH��$FHDVWD�vL�VSXQH��2LOH�QX�VXQW�QLFL�OD�VRDUH�QLFL�OD�XPEUD��&XP�DVD"�7RDWH�VXQW�vQ�GXED�VL�XQD�FOD[RQHD]D�VD�WH�GXFL����8Q�UHSRUWHU�GH�]LDU�HVWH�WULPLV�VD�IDFD�XQ�UHSRUWDM�GHVSUH�YLDWD�FLREDQLORU��0HUJH�HO�OD�SULPD�VWkQD�VL�YHGH�XQ�FLREDQ�vQVWDXO� UHJXOkQG� R� RDLH� �VH� JkQGHVWH� FD� DVD� H� QRUPDO� VL� SOHDFD�PDL� GHSDUWH��� /D� D� GRXD� VWkQD� YHGH� DFHODVL� OXFUX��0LUDW� vVLSURSXQH�VD�IDFD�VL�HO�DFHODVL�OXFUX�OD�XUPDWRDUHD�VWkQD��$MXQV�DFROR�PHUJH�vQ�VWDXO�LD�R�RDLH�VL�vQFHSH�VD�R�UHJXOH]H��&LREDQLLGH�SH�SULVSD�VWDWHDX�VL�UkGHDX�GH�VH�VSDUJHDX��5HSRUWHUXO�PLUDW�vQWUHDED��&H�UkGHWL"�1H�H�OD�YRL�DVD�FHYD�QRUPDO"&LREDQLL�vL�UDVSXQG��%D�GD�GDU�FX�XUkWD�DLD"������'RL�FLREDQL��0DL��*KHRUJKH��PDUH�OXFUX�vL�EHQRFX�DVWD�����&H�L�DO"����8Q�DVD�FHYD�GH�WH�XLWL�SULQ�HO�VL�YH]L�WRW�FH�L�GHSDUWH�FD�VL�FXP�DU�IL�OkQJD�WLQH����6L�FH�IDFL�WX�FX�HO"�ÌPL�SODFH�VD�PD�XLW�VDVD�vQ�FDVLOH�RDPHQLORU�VD�YDG�FH�IDF���8LWH��DODOWD�VDUD��WH�DP�YD]XW�FH�vL�IDFHDL�OX�0DULD�����&H�IDLQ�RIRVW�����6WLL�FHYD��,RDQH"�)DF�FHYD�SH�EHQRFOX�DOD��FD�QX�L�EXQ�GH�QLPLF��(X�QLFL�Q�DP�IRVW�DFDVD�DODOWD�VDUD�������8Q�FLREDQ��GXSD�R�IXUWXQD�� vVL�SLHUGH�R�RDLH��3OHFkQG�vQ�FDXWDUHD�HL�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�XQ�RP�FDUH�VDSD�FHYD��&LREDQXO�vOvQWUHDED�GDFD�QX�D�YD]XW�R�RDLH�LDU�DFHVWD�vL�VSXQH�FD�DUH�GH�VDSDW�GH�DLFL�SkQD�DFRORLDU��&H�UDPkQH�VDS�VL�PkLQH�&LREDQXO�vL�VSXQH�FD�QX�O�LQWHUHVHD]D�FH�IDFH�VL�vL�UHSHWD�vQWUHEDUHD�OD�FDUH�RPXO�vL�GD�DFHODVL�UDVSXQV��3XWLQ�LULWDW��FLREDQXO�vLPDL�VSXQH�vQFD�R�GDWD�vQWUHEDUHD�LDU�RPXO�vL�UDVSXQGH�FD�DUH�GH�VDSDW�GH�DLFL�SkQD�DFROR�LDU��&H�UDPkQH�VDS�VL�PkLQH�&LREDQXO�SOHDFD�ODVDQGX�O�VD�VDSH�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�VL�GXSD�R�]L�GH�FDXWDUH�vVL�JDVHVWH�RDLD��ÌQWRUFkQGX�VH��vO�JDVHVWH�SH��QHEXQ�VDSkQG�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH��&LREDQXO�YD]kQGX�O�L�VH�IDFH�PLOD�GH�HO�VL�VH�KRWDUHVWH�VD�L�GHD�OXL�RDLD�GDU��QHEXQXO��vL�VSXQH�FD�DUH�GHVDSDW�GH�DLFL�VL�SkQD�DFROR�LDU��&H�UDPkQH�VDS�VL�PkLQH�ÌQWU�XQ�WkU]LX��WRW�FHUWkQGX�VH�vQWUH�HL�WUHFH�SH�OkQJD�HL�XQ�SROLWDL�FDODUH�VL�vL�vQWUHDED�FH�VH�vQWkPSOD�OD�FDUH�FLREDQXO�vL�VSXQHFD��QHEXQXO��VDSD�GH�WUHL�]LOH�VL�WRW�QX�JDVHVWH�QLPLF�VL�DP�YUXW�VD�L�GDX�OXL�RDLD�VL�HO�vPL�WRW�VSXQH�FD�DUH�GH�VDSDW�GH�DLFL�VLSkQD�DFROR�LDU�FH�UDPkQH�VDSD�VL�PkLQH��3ROLWDLXO�XLWkQGX�VH�FkQG�OD�XQXO��FkQG�OD�FHODODOW�vQWU�XQ�WkU]LX�OH�VSXQH��%D����YRL�YUHWL�VD�PL�IXUDWL�FDOXO������&HQDFOXO�)ODFDUD��,QYLWDW�SH�VFHQD�XQ�EDFL��$GULDQ�3DXQHVFX�vO�vQWUHDED��%DGH��WH�DVFXOWD�PLL�GH�VSHFWDWRUL�VL�PLOLRDQH�GH�WHOHVSHFWDWRUL��=L�QH�PDWDOH�R�SRH]LH�GH�SULQ�SDUWLOH�WDOH��6WLL"�&XP�GH�QX��'D�L�GUXPX�EDGH�,R����PL�V�EDFLXO�GH�OD�PXQWH

Page 94: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

$3��(X�PL�V�EDFLXO�GH�OD�PXQWH���%��6L����SDVF�RLOH�FDUXQWH$3��6L�SDVF�RLOH�FDUXQWH���%��6L����FkQG�YLQH�FkWH�R�SORDLH���$3��6L�FkQG�YLQH�FkWH�R�SORDLH���%��ÌPL����EDJ�SX D�Q�HD�GH�RDLH$3��1X�FRQWHD]D��0LHO�VD�LDVD������������������$3��'DU�EDGH��R�SRH]LH�FX�FkUPDFLXO�QRVWUX�LXELW�WRYDUDVXO�1LFRODH�&HDXVHVFX��VWLL"%��1R�FXP�GH�QX�$3��'D�L�GUXPX�EDGH��WH�DVFXOWD�R�WDUD�vQWUHDJD�%��,R���PL�V�EDFLXO�GH�OD�PXQWH$3��(X�P�LV�EDFLXO�GH�OD�PXQWH���%��6L����SDVF�RLOH�FDUXQWH$3��6L�SDVF�RLOH�FDUXQWH����VL�vQFHW�FDWUH�EDFL�&X�FkUPDFLXO�EDGH��FX�FDUPDFLXO%��6L���FkQG�YLQH�FkWH�R�SORDLH���$3��6L�FkQG�YLQH�FkWH�R�SORDLH&X�FkUPDFLXO�EDGH��FH�IDFL���%��,PL����EDJ�SX D�Q�HD�GH�RDLH�$3��,PL�EDJ�SX D�Q�HD�GH�RDLH���3DL�FH�IDFL�EDGH��FX�FkUPDFLXO��]LL�FHYD�FX�FkUPDFLXO�%��6L�Q�FkUPDFLXO�1LFRODH������8Q�FLREDQ�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�FRPSDUWLPHQW�GH�WUHQ�vQ�FDUH�VH�DIOD�R�WkQDUD�GRPQLVRDUD�GH�OD�RUDV��7kQDUD�HVWH�FDP�QHPXOWXPLWDGH�FRPSDQLH��GDU�QHDYkQG�FH�VD�IDFD��FRQWLQXD�VD�FLWHDVFD�R�UHYLVWD��&LREDQXO�VFRDWH�R�VWLFOD�GH�SDOLQFD�GLQ�GHVDJD��WUDJH�RGXVFD�]GUDYDQD��GXSD�FDUH�vQWLQGH�VWLFOD�WLQHUHL��'RPQLVRDUD��GRULWL"�1X��PXOWXPHVF��UDVSXQGH�vQWHSDW�GRPQLVRDUD�VL�VH�WUDJH�PDL�OD�PDUJLQHD�EDQFKHWHL�&LREDQXO�VFRDWH�GLQ�GHVDJD�R�EXFDWD�GH�SkLQH��XQD�GH�FDV��R�FHDSD��VL�vQFHSH�VD�PDQkQFH�FX�]JRPRW��'XSD�GRXD�vPEXFDWXUL�vQWUHDED�SH�GRPQLVRDUD��'RPQLVRDUD��GRULWL"�1X��PXOWXPHVF��UDVSXQGH�DFHDVWD��FRQWLQXkQGX�VL�OHFWXUD�7HUPLQkQG� GH�PkQFDW�� FLREDQXO� vVL� UDVXFHVWH� R� WLJDUD� GLQ� KkUWLH� GH� ]LDU� VL�� GXSD� FH� WUDJH� YUHR� GRXD� IXPXUL�� vQWUHDED� SHGRPQLVRDUD��'RPQLVRDUD��GRULWL"�1X��PXOWXPHVF��UDVSXQGH�DFHDVWD�VWUkPEkQG�GLQ�QDV��$SDL��GRPQLVRDUD��GXSD�FXP�IX�GLVFXWLD��HX�VRFRW�FD�GH�IX XW�QLFL�QX�PDL�DUH�URVW�VD�YD�vQWUHE����ÌQ�VDW�OD�VFRDOD��vQYDWDWRDUHD�O�D�FKHPDW�SH�PRV�*KHRUJKH��FLREDQXO�VDWXOXL��VD�OH�SRYHVWHDVFD�FRSLLORU�GHVSUH�YLWH��$FHVWDOH�SRYHVWHVWH�FRSLLORU�IHO�GH�IHO�GH�vQWkPSODUL�GLQ��OXPHD�YLWHORU��VL�vQFKHLH��$]L�GH�GLPLQHDWD��WDXUXO�FHO�QHJUX�D�I�����R�SH�YDFD�DOED�&RSLLL�UvG��SURIHVRDUD�HVWH�MHQDWD��VL�OD�LHVLUHD�GLQ�FODVD�vL�VSXQH�OXL�PRV�*KHRUJKH��0RVXOH��QX�PDL�]L�VL�GXPQHDWD�FXYLQWH�GLQ�DVWHD�SURDVWH�IDWD�GH�FRSLL��=L�VL�PDWDOH�vQ�ORF�GH�D�I�����R��FD�L�D�IDFXW�R�VXUSUL]D�0RVXO�D�EDJDW�OD�FDS�VL�D�GRXD�]L��OD�vQFKHLHUHD�OHFWLHL��OH�VSXQH�FRSLLORU��$VWD]L��WDXUXO�FHO�QHJUX�D�IDFXW�R�VXUSUL]D�WXWXURU�YDFLORU�GLQ�WXUPD�3URIHVRDUD�]vPELQG��]LFH��0RVXOH��KDL�FD�QX�H�SRVLELO�FD�XQ�VLQJXU�WDXU�VD�IDFD�VXUSUL]D�OD�WUHL]HFL�GH�YDFL�vQWU�R�VLQJXUD�]L�0RVXO�UDVSXQGH��%D�GD��SHQWUX�FD�D�I�����LDSD�SULPDUXOXL����8Q�FLREDQ�vQWU�XQ�FRPSDUWLPHQW�GH� WUHQ��VWDWHD�VSULMLQLW� vQ�EkWD��6H�XUFD� vQ� WUHQ� VL�R� IHPHLH�FX�XQ�FRSLO� VL� vO�SH�FLREDQvQWUHDED�GDFD�FRPSDUWLPHQWXO�H�OLEHU���FLREDQXO�QLPLF��,QWUD�IHPHLD�FX�FRSLOXO�VL�FRSLOXO�vQFHSH�VD�vO�WUDJD�SH�FLREDQ�GH�LWDUL�GH�RSLQFL��0D�VD��*LJHO�SRWROHVWH�WH��ODVD�O�SH�GRPQXO�vQ�SDFH�&RSLOXO�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�WUDJHD�GH�FLREDQ��VH�XUFD�SH�EkWD�OXL���FLREDQXO�QLPLF��0D�VD��*LJHO��SRWROHVWH�WH��QX�vO�PDL�VXSDUD�SH�GRPQXO�&RSLOXO�WRW�QX�VH�SRWROHD��FLREDQXO�QX�]LFHD�QLPLF��vQ�GLVSHUDUH�GH�FDX]D�PD�VD�]LFH��'RPQXOH�VSXQHWL�L�VL�GYV�VD�VH�SRWROHDVFD��SRDWH�YD�DVFXOWD��/D�FDUH�FLREDQXO�VH�XLWD�OD�FRSLO�VL�]LFH��DV�SX D�vQ�PD�WD�

Page 95: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���6H�RUJDQL]HD]D�XQ�PDUH�FRQFXUV��FLQH�UHXVHVWH�VD�XUFH�����GH�HWDMH�FX�SXOD�VFXODWD�VL�FX�R�JDOHDWD�SOLQD�FX�DSD�DJDWDWD�GHHD��9LQH�HQJOH]XO�� vVL�VFRDOD�SXOD��XUFD����HWDMH�GXSD�FDUH�VFDSD�JDOHDWD��9LQH�IUDQFH]XO�VL�XUFD����GH�HWDMH�SkQD�VD�VFDSHJDOHDWD��9LQH�VL�FLREDQXO�VL�]LFH��(X�XUF�GDFD�PL�R�SXQHWL�SH�0DULD�JRDOD�vQ�IDWD�,�R�SXQ�DVWLD�SH�0DULD�JRDOD�vQ�IDWD�VL�vQFHSH�FLREDQXO�VD�XUFH��/D�HWDMXO����VH�DXGH�XQ�PDUH�]JRPRW��XUFD�RUJDQL]DWRULL�VLJDVHVF�R�EDOWD�GH�DSD�VL�GH�VkQJH�VL�SH�FLREDQ�FX�IDWD�VSDUWD��ÌO�GXF�OD�VSLWDO�OD�XUJHQWD�VL�GXSD�FH�VH�IDFH�FHYD�PDL�ELQH�PHUJOD�HO��&LREDQXO�DYHD�R�YkQDWDLH�PDUH�GH�D�OXQJXO�IHWHL��2UJDQL]DWRULL�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�GH�DL�DMXQV�VD�DL�FDSXO�VSDUW�VL�VD�VFDSL�JDOHDWD"�3DL�V�D�UXSW�WRDUWD�GH�OD�JDOHDWD��PL�D�VDULW�SX D�SH�IDWD�VL�XLWH�FH�PL�D�IDFXW����2�WLSD�GLQ�(XURSD�GH�9HVW�YLQH�vQ�5RPDQLD�SHQWUX�FD�DX]LVH�GH�YLULOLWDWHD�FLREDQLORU�URPkQL��6H�GXFH�OD�R�VWkQD�VL�vO�URDJDSH�FLREDQ�VD�L�R�WUDJD�R�GDWD�FD�VD�VH�FRQYLQJD�VL�HD�GDFD�FH�DX]LVH�HUD�DGHYDUDW�VDX�QX��&LREDQXO�vL�VSXQH��'DU�WX�DL�YD]XW�YUHRGDWD�&HDKODOXO�OD�DSXV��1X��$SDL�GX�WH�VL�YH]L�FD�PLQXQDWLH�PDL�PDUH�JUHX�JDVHVWL�'XSD�R�OXQD�VH�vQWRDUFH�JDJLFD��$P�YD]XW�&HDKODXO��H�vQWU�DGHYDU�IUXPRV��GDU�HX�DP�YHQLW�DLFL�SHQWUX�DOWFHYD��'DU�0XQWLL�$SXVHQL�L�DL�YD]XW"�1X�L�DP�YD]XW��0HUJL�VL�YH]L�FD�H�R�SULYHOLVWH�PLQXQDWD�'XSD�FH�R�SOLPED�FLREDQXO�SULQ�WRDWD�5RPkQLD��JDJLFD�QHUYRDVD�vL�VSXQH��%DL�FLREDQH��DP�YD]XW�WRW�FH�PL�DL�]LV�VL�VLQFHUD�VD�ILX�P�DP�SOLFWLVLW�GH�DWkWHD�SHLVDMH��$SDL�ELQH��FD�GH�DFXP���OXQL�QX�R�VD�YH]L�GHFkW�WDYDQXO����8Q�FLREDQ�VWDWHD�VSULMLQLW�vQ�EkWD�SH�PXQWH��SD]LQGX�VL�WXUPD�GH�RL��9HGH�YHQLQG�SH�GUXP�R�PDVLQD�WDUH��2SUHVWH�PDVLQD�XQ�WLS�VL�R�JDJLFD�PLVWR�VH�GDX�MRV��HD�VH�VSULMLQD�GH�SRUWLHUD�VL�HO�YLQH�VL�L�R�WUDJH�SH�OD�VSDWH��$�GRXD�]L�VH�UHSHWD�VFHQD��DWUHLD�]L�OD�IHO��6WD�FLREDQXO�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH��IDFH�XQ�FDOFXO�VL�vVL�VSXQH��%DQL�GH�PDVLQD�QX�DP�GDU�R�SRUWLHUD�WRW�vPL�LDX�%DQFXUL�FX�GRFWRUL���'RFWRUH�VXIDU�GH�DPQH]LH��'H�FkQG"�'H�FkQG�FH"����'RPQ�GRFWRU�DP�R�SUREOHPD��QX�SUHD�PD�EDJD�OXPHD�vQ�VHDPD����8UPDWRUXO�����3DFLHQWXO���'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��DP�LPSUHVLD�FD�QLPHQL�QX�PD�LD�vQ�VHULRV��'RFWRUXO���*OXPLWL�������$V�GRUL�QLVWH�YLWDPLQH�SHQWUX�FRSLL��$��%�VDX�&"�,QGLIHUHQW��ÌQFD�QX�DX�vQYDWDW�VD�FLWHDVFD���/D�PHGLF��'RP�GRFWRU��LR�DP�SUREOHPH�FX�PHPRULD��6L�FXP�VH�PDQLIHVWD��FXP�WL�DL�GDW�VHDPD"�&H�VD�PL�GDX�VHDPD"��/D�PHGLF��'RP�GRFWRU��LR�VXQW�IRDUWH�QHKRWDUkW�vQ�XOWLPD�YUHPH�'XSD�R�PLFD�SDX]D��6DX�QX�VXQW"�����8Q�EROQDY�FRQVXOWD�XQ�GRFWRU�SHQWUX�GXUHULOH�VDOH�GH�VWRPDF��0HGLFXO�vL�UHFRPDQGD�R�EDLH�VL�XQ�SDKDUHO�GH�FRQLDF�]LOQLF�'XSD�XQ�WLPS��EROQDYXO�UHYLQH�OD�FRQVXOW��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��FX�FRQLDFXO�D�IRVW�XVRU��GDU�EDLD����Q�DP�UHXVLW�V�R�EHDX�WRDWD������$L�DX]LW�FD�GU��3HWUHVFX��SVLKLDWUXO��D�LQVWLWXLW�R�QRXD�WHUDSLH�GH�VRF�FDUH�D�YLQGHFDW�R�PXOWLPH�GH�RDPHQL"�&H�WHUDSLH"

Page 96: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�/H�WULPLWH�SDFLHQWLORU�QRWD�GH�SODWD�LQDLQWH�GH�D�YHQL�OD�FRQVXOWDWLH������0DL��YHFLQH��]LVH�XQ�FKLUXUJ�HVWHWLF��GH�FH�QX�YLL�OD�PLQH�FX�VRWLD�WD��H�DVD�GH�XUkWD�vQFkW�VH�VSHULH�VL�FkLQLL�GH�SH�VWUDGD�GHHD��&kW�DU�FRVWD�RSHUDWLD"�8Q�PLOLRQ�GH�OHL��(�SUHD�VFXPS��8Q�YkQDWRU�D�]LV�FD�PL�R�vPSXVFD�GDFD�L�GDX��������GH�OHL�����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��DP�YHQLW�VD�PD�DMXWDWL�VL�SH�PLQH��$P�vQFHUFDW�WRW�IHOXO�GH�PHGLFDPHQWH�GDU�WRW�Q�DP�UDPDV�JUDYLGD��6WDWL��V�R�OXDP�PHWRGLF��3RDWH�H�R�FKHVWLXQH�GH�HUHGLWDWH��0DPD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�D�DYXW�FRSLL"����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��YUHDX�VD�YD�PXOWXPHVF��0L�DWL�VFRV�ULQLFKLXO�DVD�GH�XVRU��QLFL�Q�DP�VLPWLW��&X�SODFHUH����VL�DOWDGDWD����'RL�GRFWRUL�vQWUH�HL��(L�FROHJD��FXP�D�LHVLW�RSHUDWLD"�2SHUDWLH"�1�D�IRVW�YRUED�GH�DXWRSVLH"���9DULDQWD��&XP�D�IRVW�RSHUDWLD"�vQWUHDED�VRWLD�SDFLHQWXOXL�/D�FDUH�GRFWRUXO�VRFDW��'RDPQD�HX�DP�vQWHOHV�DXWRSVLH��������8LWH��]LVH�GRFWRUXO��WUDJkQGX�O�SH�VRW�vQ�IDWD�HFUDQXOXL��VRWLD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�DUH�SODPkQLL�DWLQVL��9DL��GRP�GRFWRU��PD�PDJOXLWL�������'RFWRUH��DP�GXUHUL�JURD]QLFH�GH�VSDWH��]LFH�SDFLHQWXO�9D�GRDUH�VL�QRDSWHD"�'H�XQGH�VD�VWLX�QRDSWHD�GRUP��������'DWL�PL�FHYD�SHQWUX�YLHUPL�LQWHVWLQDOL��3HQWUX�DGXOWL�VDX�SHQWUX�FRSLL"�'D�GH�XQGH�VD�VWLX�HX�FH�YkUVWD�DX"���6LWXDWLD�D�GHYHQLW�JUDYD��'RFWRUXO�VWD�OD�FDSDWkLXO�EROQDYXOXL�VL�vQWUHDED�vQ�VRDSWD��'RULWL�VD�FKHP�SH�FLQHYD"�'D��JHPH�EROQDYXO����6RWLD��FRSLL"�1X��DOW�PHGLF�������'RFWRUXO�]LFH��6L�JkQGLWL�YD�FD�QX�H�QLFLRGDWD�SUHD�WkU]LX�VD�YD�ODVDWL�GH�IXPW�VL�GH�EDXW��$WXQFL�PDL�DP�WLPS������'RFWRUXO�YL]LWHD]D�SDFLHQWLL�GLQ�VDORQ��6L�FXP�YD�PHUJH�D]L��GRPQXOH�,RQHVFX"�5DX�GH�WRW��QX�PDL�DP�SRIWD�QLFL�GH�FHHD�FH�PL�DWL�LQWHU]LV�GXPQHDYRDVWUD������'RFWRUXO�vQWUHDED�SDFLHQWXO��'H�FH�PL�DWL�WULPLV�QRWD�GH�SODWD��QHGHVFKLVD�vQDSRL"�3HQWUX�FD�PL�DWL�UHFRPDQGDW�VD�HYLW�VD�PD�HQHUYH]������8Q�REH]�]LFH�PHGLFXOXL��6L�FkQG�VD�LDX�GLHWD��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��GXSD�VDX�vQDLQWH�GH�PDVD"���0HUJH�R�IHPHLH�OD�GRFWRU�VL�vL�VSXQH��'RFWRUH��IDFHWL�FHYD�FD�EDUEDWXO�PHX�VD�GHYLQD�FD�XQ�WDXU�/D�FDUH�GRFWRUXO�UDVSXQGH��%LQH��GDWL�YD�MRV�FKLORWLL�VL�YRP�vQFHSH�SULQ�D�L�IDFH�FRDUQHOH����'RFWRUXO�FDWUH�SDFLHQW��6L�VSXQH�WL�FD�DWL�PDL�DYXW�ERDOD�DVWD"�'D�GRPQXOH�GRFWRU�

Page 97: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�2.��DWXQFL�R�PDL�DYHWL�vQFD�R�GDWD������3H�%XOD�vO�GRDUH�FDSXO�VL�VH�GXFH�OD�PHGLF��$FHVWD�vO�FRQVXOWD��GXSD�FDUH�vO�vQWUHDED��$YHWL�QHYDVWD"�'D��'H�FkWH�RUL�YD�FXOFDWL�FX�HD"�'H�����RUL��3H�VDSWDPkQD"�1X��SH�]L���$PDQWD�DYHWL�"�'D��'H�FkWH�RUL�YD�FXOFDWL�FX�HD"�'H�����RUL����6DSWDPkQDO"�$K��QX�����=LOQLF���$LFL�H�SUREOHPD��GXUHUHD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�GH�FDS�VH�WUDJH�GH�OD�DWkWD�VH[��9DL�GRFWRUH��P�DWL�OLQLVWLW��$P�FUH]XW�FD�PL�VH�WUDJH�GH�OD�SUHD�PXOWD�PDVWXUEDUH������8QXL�WLS��GXSD�FH�HVWH�DQDOL]DW�GH�GRFWRU��L�VH�VSXQH�FD�QX�PDL�DUH�PXOW�GH�WUDLW��)DUD�QLFL�R�VSHUDQWD�DFHVWD��vO�vQWUHDED�SHGRFWRU�FkW�PDL�DUH�GH�WUDLW������VSXQH�GRFWRUXO��=HFH�FH"�vQWUHDED�SDFLHQWXO��=HFH�DQL��OXQL��]LOH"������������FRQWLQXD�GRFWRUXO����8Q�PDUH�VWDE�YLQH�OD�GRFWRU��VL�L�VSXQH��'RFWRUH��PL�VH�vQHJUHVF�FRDLHOH�6H�XLWD�GRFWRUXO��LD�XQ�OLFKLG�GLQWU�R�VWLFOD��VL�L�FXUDWD�VWDEXOXL�FRDLHOH��'XSD�R�YUHPH��LDU�YLQH�VWDEXO�OD�GRFWRU��'RFWRUH��LDU�PL�VH�vQHJUHVF�FRDLHOH�'RFWRUXO�LDU�vL�FXUDWD�FRDLHOH�FX�OLFKLGXO�DFHOD��GDU�OD�XUPD�vL�]LFH��6L�VSXQH�L�VHFUHWDUHL�WDOH�VD�QX�VH�PDL�VWHDUJD�OD�FXU�FX�LQGLJR����8QXO�VH�QDVFXVH�FX�WUHL�FRDLH��6H�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU�VL�vL�H[SOLFD��'RFWRUXO��1LFL�R�SUREOHPD��R�VD�DYHWL� VXSHU�FRSLL��GDFS�R�VD�ILH�IDWD��R�VD�ILH�R�&LQG\�&UDZIRUG��R�3DPHOD�$QGHUVRQ��GDFD�R�VD� ILHEDLDW��R�VD�ILH�XQ�6WDORQH��XQ�9DQ�'DPPH�$VWD��EXFXURV��LHVH�DIDUD��QX�PDL�SXWHD�GH�EXFXULH��SvQD�OD�XUPD�VH�GXFH�OD�XQ�PRV��1RL�vPSUHXQD�DYHP���FRDLH�6H�JvQGHVWH�PRVXO�XQ�SLF��$GLFD�WX�Q�DL�QLFL�XQXO"���2�GRDPQD�WUHFXWD�GH�SULPD�WLQHUHWH�LQWUD�OD�R�FRQVXOWDWLH�OD�JLQHFRORJ��'XSD�YHULILFDUL�DFHVWD�vL�GD�YHUGLFWXO��'RDPQD��VXQWHWL�vQVDUFLQDWD��&XP�DVD�GRPQ�GRFWRU��FD�HX�QX PDL�WLQ�PLQWH�GH�FkQG�P�DP�SXV�vQ�SDW�FX�XQ�EDUEDW��0XVDL�Y�DWL�vQVHODW��1X�GRDPQD��WRWX�L�FRUHFW��VXQWHWL�JUDYLGD�GH�WUHL�OXQL��$SDL�GRPQ�GRFWRU��Q�DUH�GH�XQGH�IL��(X�GXPLWDOH�vWL�VSXQ�GUHSW�FXP�H��VXQWHWL�JUDYLGD��)LU�DU�VD�ILH����FD�Q�]LXD�GH�DVWD]L�QLFL�vQ�OXPkQDUL�QX�PDL�SRWL�DYHD�vQFUHGHUH����2�WLSD�OD�GRFWRU��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��VWLWL�DP�R�SUREOHPD���QX�PL�DMXQJH�QXPDL�EDUEDWXO�PHX����6H�SRDWH��VXQWHWL�WkQDUD��HVWH�QRUPDO��VH�PDL�vQWkPSOD����PDL�OXDWL�YD�XQ�DPDQW����3DL�VWLWL��PL�DP�OXDW����6L�WRW�QX�YD�DMXQJH"�3DL�VD�YHGHWL��QX����6H�SRDWH��VXQWHWL�WkQDUD��HVWH�QRUPDO��VH�PDL�vQWDPSOD����PDL�OXDWL�YD�XQXO����3DL�VWLWL��PL�DP�PDL�OXDW����6L�WRW�QX�YD�DMXQJH"�3DL�VD�YHGHWL��QX�����6H�SRDWH��VXQWHWL�WkQDUD��HVWH�QRUPDO��VH�PDL�vQWkPSOD����PDL�OXDWL�YD�XQXO����3DL�PL�DP�PDL�OXDW����6L�FXP�FX�XQ�EDUEDW�VL�WUHL�DPDQWL�WRW�QX�YD�DMXQJH"�3DL�VD�YHGHWL��QX����(L�PDL�OXDWL�YD�XQ�DPDQW��3DL�PL�DP�PDL�OXDW���

Page 98: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

�6L�WRW�QX�YD�DMXQJH"�3DL�QX��(L�DWXQFL�H�JUDY����2�GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��YD�URJ�GDWL�PL�R�DGHYHULQWD�FD�VXQW�EROQDYD��FD�EDUEDWX�PHX�]LFH�FD�VXQW�FXUYD�����3DFLHQWXO�vQDLQWH�GH�RSHUDWLH��&DUH�VXQW�VDQVHOH"�'RPQXOH��DP�IDFXW�RSHUDWLD�DFHDVWD�GHMD�GH�SHVWH����GH�RUL��$WXQFL�SRW�VD�VWDX�OLQLVWLW����7RFPDL��RGDWD�WRW�WUHEXLH�VD�UHXVHDVFD�����6L�FXP��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��FX�PkQD�DVWD�WUDQVSODQWDWD�YRL�SXWHD�FkQWD�VL�OD�SLDQ"�9HWL�SXWHD�IDFH�FX�HD�DEVROXW�RULFH��)DQWDVWLF��DVWD�GD�PDLHVWULH��(X�SkQD�DFXP�Q�DP�FkQWDW�QLFLRGDWD�OD�SLDQ����0HGLFXO�FDVHL�HVWH�DVDOWDW�GH�UXGHOH�PLOLDUGDUXOXL��(�DGHYDUDW��GRFWRUH"�&KLDU�QX�PDL�H�QLFL�R�QDGHMGH"�$EVROXW�QLFL�XQD��%ROQDYXO�VH�YD�vQVDQDWRVL�����1X�H�FD]XO�VD�GHVFKLGHWL�JXUD�DWvW�GH�WDUH��vL�VSXQH�PHGLFXO�VWRPDWRORJ�SDFLHQWXOXL��$P�vQWHOHV�FD�YUHWL�VD�LQWUDWL�FX�FOHVWHOH����'D��vQVD�GRDU�FOHVWHOH�LQWUD��HX�UDPkQ�DIDUD������8Q� WDLHWRU� GH� OHPQH�� WDLD� OHPQH� vQ� SDGXUH� FkQG�� GLQ� JUHVHDOD�� vVL� WDLH� WRDWH� FHOH� ��� GHJHWH��0HUJH� LPHGLDW� OD� VSLWDO�'RFWRUXO��9DL��FH�DL�SDWLW��GD�PL�GHJHWHOH�VD�WL�OH�SXQ�OD�ORF�7DLHWRUXO�GH�OHPQH��6WLWL��QX�OH�DP���'RFWRUXO��(VWL�QHEXQ��Q�DL�GHJHWHOH""����6XQWHP�vQ�������DYHP�PLFURFKLUXUJLH�VL�WRW�IHOXO�GH�WHKQLFL�LQFUHGLELOH��WH�IDFHDP�FD�QRX����'HFH�Q�DL�DGXV�GHJHWHOH"7DLHWRUXO�GH�OHPQH�6WLWL��Q�DP�SXWXW�VD�OH�ULGLF�GH�MRV�������'RFWRUH��VXQW�FRQVWLSDW�GH�R�VDSWDPkQD��1X�VWLX�FH�VD�PDL�IDF��vPL�YLQH�VD�PD�XUF�SH�SHUHWL��&H�SRWL�VD�PL�GDL"'RFWRUXO�LD�R�FXWLXWD��XQ�IODFRQ�PDUH��R�OLQJXULWD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�vQWUHEH��SXQkQG�WRWRGDWD�SUDIXO�GLQ�IODFRQ�vQ�FXWLXWD��2�VD�WH�UH]ROYDP�UDSLG�FKLDU�DFXP��FkQG�DMXQJL�DFDVD��'XSD�FH�LHVL�GH�OD�PLQH��FkW�PHUJL�SkQD�OD�WUDPYDL"�3DL��YUHR����GH�PHWUL�'RFWRUXO�SXQH�vQ�FXWLXWD�SXWLQ�SUDI��6L�FX�WUDPYDLXO�FkW�PHUJL"���VWDWLL�'RFWRUXO�SXQH�LDU�R�MXPDWDWH�GH�OLQJXULWD�VL�XQ�SLF��6L�GH�OD�WUDPYDL�SkQD�DFDVD��GH�OD�VFDUD�FkWH�WUHSWH�VL�FkWH�HWDMH�VL�GH�OD�OLIW�SkQD�OD�XVD��FkWH�EURDVWH�DL�GH�GHVFXLDW��FkW�HVWHSkQD�OD�WRDOHWD"/D�ILHFDUH�UDVSXQV��GRFWRUXO�SXQH�SXWLQ�VDX�PDL�PXOW�PHGLFDPHQW��$FXP�LD�SUDIXO�VWUkQV�DLFL�FX�XQ�SDKDU�FX�DSD�VL����YHGHP�DFDVD�'XSD�GRXD�]LOH��VH�vQWkOQHVF�SH�VWUDGD��'RFWRUXO��FXULRV��(L��FXP�D�IRVW"�'RFWRUH��DL�IRVW�IDQWDVWLF��FkWD�SUHFL]LH�DL�DYXW��$L�JUHVLW�GRDU�FX�YUHR����PHWUL�VL�DP�IDFXW�SH�KRO������'RL�GRFWRUL�PHUJ�vQ�VSDWHOH�XQXLD�FDUH�PHUJHD�FDP�FUDFDQDW��8QXO�vL�VSXQH�FHOXLODOW��&H�SDUHUH�DL��SRDWH�DUH�KHUQLH�GH�PHUJH�DVD"�3RDWH�DUH�YLHUPL"�+DL�VD�O�vQWUHEDP�/D�FDUH�WLSXO�vQ�FDX]D�]LFH��$WL�JUHVLW�DPkQGRL��&UHG�FD�DP�R�EDVVVVVVLQD�������/D�GRFWRU��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��DP�XUPDW�WUDWDPHQWXO�FX�VILQWHQLH��1�DP�PDL�IXPDW��Q�DP�EDXW��Q�DP�PvQFDW�FX�VDUH��'DU�SLFLRDUHOH�PDGRU�OD�IHO�FD�vQDLQWH��$ELD�PDL�PHUJ��&H�DU�WUHEXL�VD�LDX"�$XWREX]XO��PHWURXO��WUDPYDLXO���

Page 99: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

��

���&LFD�HUD�XQ�WLS�IRDUWH�JUDV�FDUH�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU�FD�VD�PDL�VODEHDVFD��7UDWDPHQWXO�HUD�GHVWXO�GH�VFXPS��LDU�WLSXO�vL�VSXQHGRFWRUXOXL� FD� YUHD� VD� VODEHDVFD�� vQ� SULPD� ]L�� �� NJ��'RFWRUXO� vL� VSXQH� FD� H�2.�� vO� EDJD�QWU�R� FDPHUD�� FDUH� HUD� GH� IDSW� XQODELULQW�FX�RJOLQ]L��LPHQV��7LSXO�YHGH�OkQJD�HO�R�EORQGD�GH�QRWD�����JRDOD��FX�R�LQVFULSWLH�SH�HD��'DFD�PD�SULQ]L��PD�I L��$OHDUJD�GXSD�HD�WRDWD�]LXD��GDU�Q�R�SULQGH��/D�VIkUVLWXO�]LOHL��VODELVH���NJ��$�GRXD�]L��vL�VSXQH�GRFWRUXOXL�FD�HVWH�PXOWXPLW�GHWUDWDPHQW��GDU�GH�GDWD�DVWD�YUHD�FD�WLSD�VD�ILH�URVFDWD��'RFWRUXO�]LFH�FD�H�2.��vO�EDJD�Q�ODELULQW��DFHHDVL�SRYHVWH��7LSXO�PDL�GDMRV�vQFD���NJ��$�WUHLD�]L��WLSXO�vL�VSXQH�GRFWRUXOXL�FD�YUHD�VD�VODEHDVFD����NJ��'RFWRUXO�vL�VSXQH�FD�DUH�R�UHWHWD�VSHFLDOD�SW���NJ�VL�vO�EDJD�GLQ�QRX�vQ�ODELULQW��7LSXO�VH�XLWD�vQ�VWkQJD�VL�Q�GUHDSWD��GDU�QX�YHGH�QLFL�R�WLSD�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��VH�vQWRDUFH�VL�YHGH�XQ�QHJUX�FvW�XVD�GH�OD�OLIW��FX�R�LQVFULSWLH��'DFD�WH�SULQG��WH�I W������'RFWRUH��FH�VD�IDF��QX�SRW�QLFL�VD�EHDX�VL�QLFL�VD�PDQkQF��3H�VFXPSHWHD�DVWD��QX�SXWHWL�GHFvW�VD�ILWL�IHULFLWD��VWLPDWD�GRDPQD�����$WL�XUPDW�UHFRPDQGDUHD�PHD��R�SDVWLOD�vQDLQWH�GH�PDVD�VL�XQ�FRQLDF�PLF�OD�GHVHUW"�'D��QXPDL�FD�OD�SDVWLOH�VXQW�FX�]HFH�]LOH�vQ�XUPD��LDU�OD�FRQLDFXUL�VXQW�FX�WUHL�VDSWDPkQL�vQDLQWH����&vQG�5DOSK�D�YD]XW�FD�SHQLVXO�VDX�vQFHSH�VD�FUHDVFD�VL�VWD�VFXODW�PDL�PXOW��D�IRVW�vQFkQWDW�VL�OD�IHO�D�IRVW�VL�VRWLD�OXL��'DUGXSD�FkWHYD�VDSWDPkQL��DMXQVHVH�OD�R�MXPDWDWH�GH�PHWUX� VL�D�vQFHSXW�VD�VH�vQJULMRUH]H��DVD�FD�V�D�GXV�OD�XQ�XURORJ��'XSD�RvQGHOXQJD�H[DPLQDUH��GRFWRUXO�OH�D�H[SOLFDW�OXL�5DOSK�VL�VRWLHL�FD�VLQJXUD�VROXWLH�DU�IL�R�RSHUDWLH��6RWLD�vQWUHDED�vQJULMRUDWD��6L�FvW�WLPS�YD�WUHEXL�VD�SRDUWH�FkUMH"'RFWRUXO��'DU�FLQH�D�]LV�FHYD�GH�FkUMH"�3DL��DYHWL�GH�JvQG�VD�L�OXQJLWL�SLFLRDUHOH��QX�L�DVD"���2�EDEXWD�FDGH�SH�VFDUL�VL�vVL�UXSH�SLFLRUXO��0HUJH�OD�GRFWRU��RSHUDWLD�UHXVHVWH�VL�GRFWRUXO�vL�LQWHU]LFH�VD�XUFH�VFDULOH�WLPSGH�SDWUX�VDSWDPkQL��'XSD�YUHR�OXQD�VXQD�EDEXWD�GLVSHUDWD��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��DFXP�SRW�VD�FRERU�VFDULOH��FD�P�DP�SOLFWLVLW�VD�WRW�XUF�VL�VD�FRERU�SH�EXUODQ"����'RFWRUH��QX�L�DWL�SXWHD�DGPLQLQVWUD�VRWXOXL�PHX�XQ�PHGLFDPHQW�SHQWUX�D�YLVD�QRDSWHD�SHVWH"�'H�FH"�(�FXPYD�SHVFDU"�1X��GDU�GH�YUHR�GRXD�OXQL�YLVHD]D�QRDSWH�GH�QRDSWH�YUDELL��6L�FH�YD�GHUDQMHD]D��SHVWL�VDX�YUDELL��QX�H�WRWXQD"�1X��FD�GDFD�DU�YLVD�SHVWL��QX�DU�PDL�FLULSL�����'RPQXOHOH�GRFWRU�DFXP�GXSD�RSHUDWLH��DP�YRLH�VD�FLWHVF�FHYD"�'D��GDU�YD�VIDXLHVF�VD�QX�vQFHSHWL�QLFL�XQ�URPDQ�������'�OH�GRFWRU�DP�R�SUREOHPD��DP�XQ�FRL�PDL�PDUH�GHFkW�FHODODOW��(�vQ�UHJXOD��PXOWL�RDPHQL�DX�DFHHDVL�SUREOHPD��1X�QX��YHGHWL��OD�PLQH�XQ�FRL�H�FX�PXOW�PDL�PDUH�GHFkW�FHODODOW��,D�VD�YHGHP����3URPLWHWL�FD�Q�R�VD�UkGHWL"�(L�FXP�VD�UkG��GRPOH��GRDU�DVWD�PL�H�PHVHULD����+DL��GD�WL�MRV�SDQWDORQLL���2PXO�VH�GH]EUDFD�VL�VFRDWH�DIDUD�XQ�FRL�GH�PDULPHD�XQXL�SHSHQH��'RFWRUXO�YD]kQG�DVD�FHYD�OHVLQD�GH�UkV��2PXO�VXSDUDW��9HGHWL�FD�UkGHWL"�$WXQFL�FKLDU�FD�Q�R�VD�YD�DUDW�FRLXO�PHX�FHO�PDUH�����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��VXQWHWL�VLJXU�FD�R�VD�PRU"�$EVROXW��QX�H[LVWD�QLFL�R�vQGRLDOD��'DU�GH�FH�R�VD�PRU"�1X�VWLX���DVWD�R�VD�YHGHP�GXSD�DXWRSVLH�����'RFWRUH��DYHWL�FHYD�SHQWUX�SDUDQRLD"�0GD��WRW�UHVSHFWXO�����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��QX�V�FH�DP��QX�PDL�SRW�VD�PD�SLV����'D�FkWL�DQL�DL�PDWDOH�"�6DSWH�V�QRXR��3OHDFD�GRPQXOH�DFDVD��7H�DL�SLVDW�GHVWXO����'RFWRUXO�QDYHWLVW��JUDELW�VD�QX�SLDUGD�WUHQXO��vO�ODVD�SH�QHD�,RQ��RPXO�GH�VHUYLFLX���7H�GHVFXUFL�WX��OH�GDL�DQWLQHYUDOJLF��XQD��DOWD���$�GRXD�]L�

Page 100: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�,D�VSXQH��QHD�,RDQH��DL�DYXW�SUREOHPH"�1X��Q�D�YHQLW�GHFLW�R�GRDPQD�WkQDUD�FDUH��FXP�D�YHQLW��V�D�GXV�GXSD�SHUGHD�VL�V�D�GH]EUDFDW��6L�FH�DYHD"�=LFHD�FD�GH�FLQFL�OXQL�Q�D�PDL�YD]XW���R�VXOD��6L�FH�DL�IDFXW"�&H�VD�IDF"�,�DP�SXV�FROLU�vQ�RFKL�����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��D�PXULW�VLPXODQWXO�GH�OD�HWDMXO�GRL���'H�GDWD�DFHDVWD�D�H[DJHUDW�GHILQLWLY����2�JDJLFD�PHUJH�OD�JLQHFRORJ����0HGLFXO�R�URDJD�VD�VH�GH]EUDFH���OD�FDUH�JDJLFD��%LQH�GRPQXOH�GRFWRU�XQGH�VD�PL�SXQ�KDLQHOH"/D�FDUH�GRFWRUXO��,D�XLWH��DFROR�OkQJD�DOH�PHOH������9DULDQWD�8Q�UDGLRORJ��vQ�vQWXQHULF��FKHDPD�XUPDWRUXO�SDFLHQW��LDU�vQ�FDELQHW�LQWUD�R�GRPQLVRDUD����3RIWLWL��GRPLVRDUD�VL�YD�GH]EUDFDWL��GDU�UHSHGH���6H�DXGH�SH�vQWXQHULF�IvV��IvV��IvV��LDU�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�GRPQLVRDUD�VILRDVD����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU����GDU�XQGH�vPL�SXQ�HX�KDLQHOH"�$LFL��OkQJD�DOH�PHOH��GRPQLVRDUD�������9RL��GRFWRULL��VvQWHWL�EXQL�GH�FRPSDWLPLW��0XOWD�OXPH�YD�vQMXUD��'D��$VWD�H��6LQFHU�VD�ILX��DYHP�GHVWXL�GXVPDQL�SH�OXPHD�DVWD��$GLFD�PDL�PXOWL�GHFvW�SH�OXPHD�FHDODOWD"���3DFLHQWXO�vVL�UHFDSDWD�FXQRVWLQWD�GXSD�RSHUDWLH��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��GHFL�RSHUDWLD�D�UHXVLW"�1X�ILXOH��HX�VXQW�6IkQWXO�3HWUX����2�IHPHLH�OD�GRFWRU��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�IXPH]�R�WLJDUD�PD�JvQGHVF�OD�VH[�'RFWRUXO��/LQLVWLWL�YD��OXDWL�ORF�VL�KDLGH�WL�VD�IXPDP�R�WLJDUD������8QX�PHUJH�OD�GRFWRU��'RQ�GRFWRU��LR�VXIDU�GH�SOHRQDVP��'H�FH��GRPOH"��'H�SOHRQDVP��GRQ�GRFWRU��3RDWH�GH�QHRSODVP����1X��GRQ�GRFWRU��GH�SOHRQDVP�VXIDU��3DL�GRPOH��DVWD�H�GLQ�JUDPDWLFD��QX�GLQ�PHGLFLQD��'RQ�GRFWRU��KDL�VD�WL�H[SOLF��PD�GXF�DFDVD��LDX�QHYDVWD��R�DUXQF�vQ�SDW��R�GH]EUDF��PD�VXL�SH�HD��VL�FkQG�VD�EDJ�V OD����S D����2� WLSD� VH� GXFH� OD� GRFWRU�� ,QWUD� vQWU�XQ� GLVSHQVDU�� VH� GXFH� OD� SDUWHU�� XQGH� R� vQWkPSLQD� RPXO� vQ� KDODW� DOE�� (D� vVL� VSXQHSUREOHPD��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��PD�XVWXUD�vQWUH�SLFLRDUH�VL�H�WRWXO�URVX��'UDJD�GRDPQD��HVWH�HYLGHQW�YRUED�GH�SUHD�SXWLQ�VH[���vQVD�YD�SRW�DMXWD�6L�ELQHIDFDWRUXO�vQ�KDODW�DOE�R�DMXWD«�6L�WRW�DVD�WLPS�GH�R�VDSWDPkQD��1X�VH�VFKLPED�QLPLF��$WXQFL�HVWH�WULPLVD�OD�XQ�FROHJ�GLQ�FDPHUD�GH�DODWXUL��$FHODVL�OXFUX��%LQHIDFDWRUXO�vQ�KDODW�DOE�R�DMXWD��'XSD�FH�WUHFH�VL�SH�OD�DO�SDWUXOHD��DFHVWD�vL�VSXQH��'RDPQD��QX�VWLP�PDL�GHSDUWH��GXFHWL�YD�OD�HWDMXO�XQX�6H�GXFH��R�YHGH�GRFWRUXO��FDUH�vL�VSXQH��6WLPDWD�GRDPQD��HYLGHQW�H�YRUED�GH�PXOW�SUHD�PXOW�VH[����3DL��FHL�GH�OD�SDUWHU�DX�VSXV�FD�SUHD�SXWLQ����$K�GRDPQD��QX�YD�ED]DWL�SH�FH�YD�VSXQ�]XJUDYLL�QRVWUL����2�IDWD�PHUJH�OD�GRFWRU�SHQWUX�XQ�FRQWURO��&vQG�vVL�VFRDVH�EOX]D��DFHVWD�REVHUYD�XQ��+��SH�SLHSWXO�HL��'H�XQGH�DL�VHPQXO�DOD�SH�SLHSW"�vQWUHDED�GRFWRUXO��3ULHWHQXO�PHX�D�IRVW�OD�+DUYDUG�VL�HVWH�DVD�PvQGUX�GH�DVWD��FD�QX�VL�VFRDWH�WULFRXO�FX�+DUYDUG�QLFL�FvQG�IDFHP�GUDJRVWH�3HVWH�FvWHYD�]LOH��YHQL�R�DOWD�IDWD�FDUH��FvQG�vVL�VFRDVH�EOX]D��DYHD�XQ��<��SH�SLHSW��'RFWRUXO�R�vQWUHDED��&XP�DL�FDSDWDW�VHPQXO�DOD�SH�SLHSW"�6WLWL��DP�XQ�SULHWHQ�FDUH�D�IRVW�OD�<DOH�VL�H�DVD�PvQGUX�GH�DVWD��FD�QX�VL�VFRDWH�WULFRXO�FKLDU�GDFD�IDFHP�GUDJRVWH��VSXVH�HD�3HVWH�DOWH�FvWHYD�]LOH��R�DOWD�IDWD�YHQL�OD�FRQWURO��FDUH�DYHD�XQ��0��PDUH�SH�SLHSW�

Page 101: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�3ULHWHQXO�WDX�H�OD�0LFKLJDQ"�vQWUHDED�GRFWRUXO��1X��GDU�DP�R�SULHWHQD�OD�:LVFRQVLQ��'H�FH�vQWUHEDWL"���2�JDJLFD�IDLQD�VH�GXFH�OD�JLQHFRORJ��*LQHFRORJX�FkQG�R�YHGH��LQWUD�vQ�FDOGXUL��ÌL�VSXQH�WLSHL�VD�VH�GH]EUDFH��'XSD�FH�VHGH]EUDFD��GRFWRUXO�vQFHSH�VD�R�SLSDLH�FX�IRF�VL�R�vQWUHDED��6WLL�FH�IDF�DFXP"�OD�FDUH�JDJLFD�vL�UDVSXQGH��'D��IDFHWL�XQ�H[DPHQ�GHUPDWRORJLF��&RUHFW��UDVSXQGH�GRFWRUXO�GXSD�FDUH�VH�DSXFD�VD�L�PDVH]H�VkQLL����6WLL�FH�IDF�DFXP"�'D���PD�YHULILFDWL�GH�FDQFHU�OD�VkQL����&RUHFW��UDVSXQGH�GRFWRUXO��GXSD�FDUH�vVL�GD�SDQWDORQLL�MRV�VL�L�R�WUDJH�SH�OD�VSDWH��6WLL�FH�IDF�DFXP"�'D��,HL�6,'$�������2�WLSD�OD�PHGLF��'RFWRUH�WDEOHWHOH�KRUPRQDOH�SH�FDUH�PL�OH�DWL�SUHVFULV�FUHG�FD�VXQW�SUHD�SXWHUQLFH��ÌPL�FUHVWH�GHMD�SDU�SH�SLHSW��3kQD�XQGH"�3kQD�OD�SHQLV����3RSHVFX�FRQVXOWD�XQ�PHGLF��VL�L�VSXQH��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��7RW�WLPSXO�vPL�VWD�GUHDSWD��/D�vQFHSXW��PL�D�SODFXW��GDU�DFXP�D�vQWUHFXW�PDVXUD�0HGLFXO�vO�VWXGLD]D�VL�FX�R�SHQVHWD�vL�VFRDWH�R�IXUQLFD��L�R�DUDWD�VL�L�VSXQH��$VWD�YD�H[FLWD��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��9D�VvQW�QHVSXV�GH�UHFXQRVFDWRU��&H�YD�GDWRUH]"�1LPLF��GDU�IXUQLFD�UDPkQH�DLFL�����9D�URJ�XUPDWRUXO��,QWUD�R�WkQDUD��GUDJXWD��ÌQFHUFD�WLPLGD��6WLWL����HX�DV�YUHD����%LQH�����ELQH�����R�vQWUHUXSVH�PHGLFXO�QHUYRV�/DVDWL�YRUED�VL�GH]EUDFDWL�YD��6WDWL�GRPQXOH�GRFWRU�HX�DV�YUHD�����)DUD�MHQD��LQWHUYLQH�PHGLFXO�HQHUJLF��'H]EUDFDWL�YD�LPHGLDW�7kQDUD�VH�GH]EUDFD��SXQkQGX�VL�WRDWD�vPEUDFDPLQWHD�SH�SDUDYDQ��$VD��]LFH�PXOWXPLW�PHGLFXO�VL�SULYLQG�R�DWHQW�R�vQWUHED��6SXQH�PL�DFXP�XQGH�WH�GRDUH"�1X�PD�GRDUH�QLPLF��9�DP�DGXV�R�VFULVRDUH�GLQ�SURYLQFLH��GH�OD�PDWXVD�PHD��9D�FHUH�XQ�VIDW�DVXSUD�JXWHL�HL������'XSD�FRQVXOWDWLH��$P�R�YHVWH�EXQD��GRDPQD�%URZQ��'RPQLVRDUD�%URZQ����$DD��DWXQFL�DP�R�YHVWH�SURDVWD�SHQWUX�G�YV�GRPQLVRDUD�%URZQ�����7H�VLPWL�PDL�ELQH"�'D�GH�XQGH��GRFWRUH��,QLPD�vPL�EDWH�FX�R�UHSH]LFLXQH�XLPLWRDUH��/DVD�FD�R�IDFHP�QRL�VD�VH�RSUHDVFD����8Q�WLS�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU��'RPOH�DP�VL�HX�R�SUREOHPD�FX�QHYDVWD��QX�PDL�YUHD�VD�IDFD�VH[�RUDO�FX�PLQH��'RPOH��QX�VWLX�FH�VD�]LF��8QJH�R�VL�GXPQHDWD�FX�1XWHOOD�SH�R�SDUWH�VL�SH�DOWD�VL�YH]L�FH�LHVH��9LQR�SHVWH���VDSWDPkQL�VD�PLVSXL�UH]XOWDWXO�=LV�VL�IDFXW��9LQH�RPX�SHVWH���VDSWDPkQL��(L�FXP�H"�'RPOH�DU�IL�ELQH�GD�QX�PDL�DP�ORF�GH�FRSLL����8Q�WLS�OD�GRFWRU��'RQ�GRFWRU��0�DP�VFXODW�GH�OD���GLPLQHDWD��PD�GRDUH�DLFL��DLFL�VL�DLFL��VH�vPSXQJH�FX�GHJHWXO���3DL�YH]L�FD�WH�DL�WDLDW�OD�GHJHW����2�IHPHLH�PHUJH�OD�JLQHFRORJ�FX�R�SUREOHPD��L�D�UDPDV�YLEUDWRUXO�vQDXQWUX��'XSD�FH�R�H[DPLQHD]D��JLQHFRORJXO�vL�VSXQH��$P�GRXD�YHVWL��XQD�EXQD�VL�DOWD�SURDVWD��&HD�SURDVWD�H�FD�QX�O�SXWHP�VFRDWH��FHD�EXQD�H�FD�L�SXWHP�VFKLPED�EDWHULLOH�������2�GXSD�DPLD]D�OLQLVWLWD��'LQWU�RGDWD�GLQ�FDELQHWXO�PHGLFDO�VH�DXGH�XQ�VWULJDW�GLVSHUDW��GXSD�FDUH�R�YRFH�IHPLQLQD�

Page 102: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�%XOD��VSXQH�IUXPRV��$$$������SHQWUX�FD�GRPQXO�GRFWRU�VD�SRDWD�VD�VFRDWD�GHJHWXO�VDX�GLQ�JXUD�WD�������'RPOH�GRFWRU��PL�V�D�DOEDVWULW�XQ�FRL��'RPOH��HX�QX�VWLX�FH�VD�]LF��1�DP�PDL�DX]LW�GH�DVD�FHYD��ÌO�WDLHP��$VWD�H�2.��3HVWH�R�VDSWDPvQD��'RPOH�GRFWRU��PL�V�D�DOEDVWULW�VL�FHODODOW�FRL��ÌO�WDLHP��$VWD�H��1�DYHP�FH�IDFH�2.��3HVWH�vQFD�R�VDSWDPvQD��'RPOH�GRFWRU��PL�V�D�DOEDVWULW�VL�VFXOD��2�WDLHP�VL�S�DVWD��3XQHP�XQD�GH�SODVWLF����IUXPRV����FX�SRPSLWD��1�DYHP�FH�VD�IDFHP���2.��3HVWH�vQFD�R�VDSWDPvQD��'RPOH�GRFWRU��V�D�DOEDVWULW�VL�DVWD�GH�SODVWLF�'RFWRUX�JkQGLQGX�VH��$X]L�GRPOH��GD�QX�FXPYD�R�IL�GH�OD�EOXJL""���9LQH�XQ�SLWLF�OD�GRFWRU��'RPGRFWRU�DP�SUREOHPH�VH[XDOH�'RFWRUXO��%LQH�PD�VXLH�WH�SH�PDVD�6H�VXLH�SLWLFX�SH�PDVD��ÌL�EDJD�GRFWRUX�PkQD�Q�FKLORWL��WUDJH�VL�YHGH�R�VFXOD�EDEDQD��'RFWRUX��3D�ELQH�ED�SLWLFXOH���FX�GDUDEX�DVWD�VSXL�PLH�FD�DL�SUREOHPH�VH[XDOH"�'RPGRFWRU�FkQG�PL�VH�VFRDOD�FDG�vQ�FDS����9DULDQWD�8Q�SLWLF�VH�GXFH�OD�XQ�GRFWRU�FKLUXUJ��'RPQXOHOH�GRFWRU��DP�YHQLW�SHQWUX�R�RSHUDWLH��GRUHVF�VD�PL�PDL�WDLDWL�GLQ�SX D�'RFWRUXO�VH�XLWD�OD�HO�VL�L�]LFH�VD�VL�GHD�SDQWDORQLL�MRV��VD�YDGD�GHVSUH�FH�HVWH�YRUED��'XPQH]HXOH��FH�IUXPXVHWH�GH�PRURFDQRV��SRW�VD�WH�vQWUHE�GH�FH�YUHL�VD�PDL�WDL"/D�FDUH�SLWLFXO�UDVSXQGH��6WLWL��G�OH�GRFWRU��DP�XQ�VLQJXU�LQFRQYHQLHQW��FvQG�PL�VH�VFRDOD�vPL�SLHUG�HFKLOLEUXO�����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��H�R�ERDOD�UDUD��ERDOD�GH�FDUH�VXIDU"�'D�GH�XQGH��&LPLWLUHOH�VXQW�SOLQH������3H�%XOD�vO�GRDUH�FDSXO�VL�VH�GXFH�OD�PHGLF��$FHVWD�vO�FRQVXOWD��GXSD�FDUH�vO�vQWUHDED��$YHWL�QHYDVWD"�'D��'H�FkWH�RUL�YD�FXOFDWL�FX�HD"�'H�����RUL��3H�VDSWDPkQD"�1X��SH�]L��$PDQWD�DYHWL"�'D��'H�FkWH�RUL�YD�FXOFDWL�FX�HD"�'H�����RUL����6DSWDPkQDO"�$K��QX�����=LOQLF��$LFL�H�SUREOHPD���GXUHUHD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�GH�FDS�VH�WUDJH�GH�OD�DWDWD�VH[��9DL��P�DWL�OLQLVWLW��$P�FUH]XW�FD�PL�VH�WUDJH�GH�OD�SUHD�PXOWD�PDVWXUEDUH�������(X�FUHG�FD�PD�VLPW�GHMD�ELQH��$V�YUHD�VD�SOHF��SRW�FRQWLQXD�WUDWDPHQWXO�DFDVD��9D�URJ�VD�PL�VSXQHWL�FkW�YD�GDWRUH]��1X��GRPQXOH��H�SUHPDWXU��QX�FUHG�FD�VDQDWDWHD�YD�SHUPLWH�VD�VXSRUWDWL��XQ�DVHPHQHD�VRF����3DFLHQWXO�vQDLQWH�GH�RSHUDWLH��'RFWRUH��FDUH�VXQW�VDQVHOH"�'RPQXOH��DP�IDFXW�RSHUDWLD�DFHDVWD�GHMD�GH�SHVWH����GH�RUL��$WXQFL�SRW�VD�VWDX�OLQLVWLW����7RFPDL��2GDWD�VL�RGDWD�WRW�WUHEXLH�VD�UHXVHDVFD�����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��VXQWHWL�VLJXU�FD�RSHUDWLD�R�VD�UHXVHDVFD"�1X�YD�IDFHWL�JULML���vQ�FD]�FD�QX�UHXVHVWH��QLFL�Q�R�VD�YD�GDWL�VHDPD�������'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��VXQWHWL�VLJXU�FD�R�VD�PRU"

Page 103: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�$EVROXW��QX�H[LVWD�QLFL�R�vQGRLDOD��'DU�GH�FH�R�VD�PRU"�1X�VWLX���DVWD�R�VD�YHGHP�GXSD�DXWRSVLH����9LQH�R�QLPIRPDQD�OD�GRFWRU��'RFWRUXO��ÌQWLQGHWL�YD�YD�URJ�SH�SDWXO�DFHOD���(D��IHULFLWD��&XP�GH�YD�WL�GDW�VHDPD�DWkW�GH�UHSHGH�FH�PL�OLSVHVWH"������9LQH�XQ�PRVXOHW�GH����GH�DQL�OD�GRFWRU��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��PkLQH�R�VD�PD�vQVRU��%LQH��PRVXOH��FvWL�DQL�DUH�PLUHDVD"�������'RDPQH��WUHEXLH�VD�YD�DYHUWL]H]��RULFH�DFWLYLWDWH�VH[XDOD�DU�SXWHD�IL�PRUWDOD��0RVXOHWXO�VWD�XQ�SLF�SH�JkQGXUL�VL�UDVSXQGH��%LQH��GDFD�PRDUH����PRDUH����3DFLHQWXO�vVL�UHFDSDWD�FXQRVWLQWD�GXSD�RSHUDWLH��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��GHFL�RSHUDWLD�D�UHXVLW"�1X�ILXOH��HX�VXQW�6IkQWXO�3HWUX���8Q�WLS�IDUD�ELOH�VH�SUH]LQWD�OD�GRFWRU��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��HX�QX�DP�WHVWLFXOH��3XWHWL�IDFH�FHYD"'RFWRUX�VH�JkQGHVWH�VL�vL�JUHIHD]D�GRXD�FHSH����7HVXW�YLX��DVWD�L��'XSD�R�VDSWDPkQD��UHYLQH�SDFLHQWXO��'RP�GRFWRU��H�R�VLQJXUD�SUREOHPD��FkQG�vPL�IDF�ODED��PD�XVWXUD�RFKLL�������8QX�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU��'RP�GRFWRU��PD�GRDUH�EXUWD��3DL�DL�OLPEULFL��LD�SUDIXULOH�DVWHD�VL�WUHFH�9LQH�DOWX��'RP�GRIWRU��PD�GRDUH�FDSX��3DL�DL�OLPEULFL��LD�SUDIXULOH�DVWHD�VLWL�WUHFH�$OWX��'RP�GRIWRU��PD�GRDUH�SLFLRUX��3DL�DL�OLPEULFL�LD�SUD����3DL�FXP�'XPQH]HX�VD�DP��LR�DP�FD]XW�GLQ�FLUHV�VL�PLDP�UXSW�SLFLRUX��$LD��YH]L��WHD�PkQFDW�vQ�FXU�VD�WH�XUFL�vQ�FLUHV����0HGLFXO�FDWUH�SDFLHQW��$P�R�YHVWH�SURDVWD�VL�XQD�EXQD��ÌQFHSHWL�FX�YHVWHD�SURDVWD��'RPQXOH��HVWL�SH�PRDUWH��6L�YHVWHD�EXQD"�)LXO�PHX�D�LQWUDW�OD�IDFXOWDWH����8Q�EDUEDW�VH�GXFH�OD�PHGLF�VL�vL�VSXQH��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU�YUHDX�VD�PD�FDVWUDWL��0D�RPXOH��HVWL�VLJXU"�9DG�FD�HVWL�WkQDU�VL�SXWHUQLF����6LJXU�GRPQXOH��%LQH��VHPQHD]D�DLFL���DVD�VL�DLFL��1X�DP�WLPS�DFXP�VD�GLVFXWDP�PDL�PXOW�'XSD�RSHUDWLH��GRFWRUXO�YLQH�OD�SDFLHQW�VL�O�LQWUHDED��6SXQH�PL�VL�PLH�GH�FH�DL�IDFXW�R�"�3DL�P�DP�LPSULHWHQLW�FX�R�IDWD�HYUHLFD�VL�VWLWL�OD�HL�H�XQ�RELFHL�PDL�FLXGDW�'D�PD�GDU�DVWD�H�FLUFXPFL]LH��3DL�HX�FXP�DP�]LV"������2�VRWLH�vVL�SULYHVWH�VRWXO�OXFUkQG�GH�]RU��6DWXOD�VD�O�PDL�YDGD�FXIXQGDW�vQ�OXFUX�vL�VSXQH�HQHUYDWD��6D�VWLL�FD�P�DP�VDWXUDW�VD�WH�YDG�OXFUkQG�DVD��7RW�WLPSXO�vWL�DGXFL�DFDVD�GH�OXFUX�GH�OD�VHUYLFLX�VL�GH�PLQH�QX�PDL�DL�WLPS�GHORF��%LQH�GUDJD�� VH�DSDUD� VRWXO�� GDU� vQWHOHJH� VL� WX� FD� DP�HQRUP�GH�PXOW� GH� OXFUX� VL� QX�GRYHGHVF��6L� vQ� DIDUD�GH� DVWD�� R� OXPHvQWUHDJD�vVL�LD�GH�OXFUX�VL�SH�DFDVD��%LQH�ELQH��GDU�QX�WRWL�VXQW�PHGLFL�OHJLVWL�FD�WLQH����

Page 104: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���0HUJH�R�IHPHLH�OD�GRFWRU�VL�LL�VSXQH���'RFWRUH��IDFHWL�FHYD�FD�EDUEDWXO�PHX�VD�GHYLQD�FD�XQ�WDXU6L�UDVSXQGH�GRFWRUXO���%LQH��GDWL�YD�MRV�IXVWD�VL�YRP�LQFHSH�VD�L�IDFHP�FRDUQHOH�����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��QX�V�FH�DP��QX�PDL�SRW�VD�PD�SLV���'D�FkWL�DQL�DL�GXPQHDWD"�6DSWH�V�QRXR�3OHDFD�GRPQXOH�DFDVD��7H�DL�SLVDW�GHVWXO����&LFD� XQ� GRFWRU� WRFPDL� V�D� vQWRUV� GLQ� &KLQD�� XQGH� SDUWLFLSVH� OD� FRPLVLD� LQWHUQDWLRQDOD� SHQWUX� UHGXFUHD� QDWDOLWDWLL�3RYHVWHVWH�SULHWHQLORU�FXP�IDFHDX�FX�GRXD�SLHWUH���&LQHYD�O�vQWUHDED��'DU�QX�GRDUH"�2K��QX��QXPDL�GDFD�WL�SULQ]L�GHJHWHOH�vQWUH�SLHWUH����2�GDPD�OD�SVLKLDWUX��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��YD�URJ�VD�PD�DMXWDWL�vQ�OHJDWXUD�FX�VRWXO�PHX����'DU�FH�DQXPH�vO�VXSDUD"�1X�O�VXSDUD�QLPLF�GHRVHELW��GDU�vL�SODF�FLRUDSLL�GH�GDPD����%LQH��GRDPQD��GDU�DVWD�QX�H�FHYD�GHRVHELW����VvQW�PXOWL�FDURUD�OH�SODF����'D��GDU�OXL�vL�SODF�FLRUDSLL�GH�GDPD����9�DP�PDL�VSXV��GRDPQD��FD�QX�H�QLPLF����6L�PLH�vPL�SODF����6LPSOL�VDX�FX�PXVWDU"���8Q�WLS�YLQH�OD�GRFWRU�VD�O�YLQGHFH�GH�ELOELLDOD��'DFX�FH�WH�RFXSL�GWD"�(�HX�FUHVF�JD�JD�LQL��3HQWUX�DVWD�QX�L�QHYRLH�VD�YRUEHVWL�FXUVLY�PHUJH�VL�DVD��3DL�SDL�HX�FKHP�GL�GLPLQHDWD�JD�JDLQLOH��VD�OH�GDX�ERDEH�SL�SL�SL�6LYLQ�FLQFL�PLL�GH�JD�JDLQL��6HDUD�LDU�SL�SL�SL�PDQLQFD�$SRL�OH�]LF�VDSOHFH�OD�FXO�FXOFDUH�6H�GXF�WRDWH�DIDUD�GH�XQD�,L�]LF�'X�GX�WH�GH�WHFXOFD�1X�YUHD�,DU�'X�WH�OD�FXOFDUH�LDU�QX�YUHD�0D�HQHUYH]�VL�L]LF�'X�GX�WH�Q�SL�SL�SL���6L�YLQ�FLQFL�PLL�GH�JDLQL�������'RPQXOH�GRFWRU����VvQW�EROQDY����'DU�FH�WH�VXSDUD"�&UHG�FD�DP�XQ�VLQGURP�GH�UHDFWLL�LQYHUVH�����5HDFWLL�LQYHUVH"�'H����GH�DQL�SURIHVH]�GDU�QX�DP�DX]LW�GH�XQ�DVWIHO�GH�VLQGURP��&XP�VH�PDQLIHVWD"�3DL�VD�YHGHWL��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��OD�VHUYLFL�VHIXO�PHX�PD�EDWH�OD�FDS�VL�SH�PLQH�PD�GRDUH�vQ�FXU������ÌQDLQWHD�XQHL�LQWHUYHQWLL�FKLUXUJLFDOH�GHVWXO�GH�FRPSOLFDWH��PHGLFXO�vL�VSXQH�SDFLHQWXOXL��7UHEXLH�QHDSDUDW�VD�SODWLWL�DQWLFLSDW�RSHUDWLD��'H�FH��GRFWRUH"�(�FKLDU�DWvW�GH�ULVFDQWD"�1X��vWL�JDUDQWH]�UHXVLWD�VXWD�OD�VXWD��'DU�GXUHD]D�YUHR�VDVH�VDSWH�RUH�VL�FX�LQIODWLD�DVWD������'RFWRUXO�DUH�R�QRXD�SDFLHQWD��R�IHPHLH�FRUSROHQWD�� vQWUH�GRXD�YvUVWH��HOHJDQW� vPEUDFDWD�VL�SOLQD�GH�ELMXWHULL��'XSD�FH�RvQWUHDED�FDP�FH�VL�FvWH�DOLPHQWH�FRQVXPD�]LOQLF��vL�VSXQH��6D�VWLWL��MXPDWDWH�GLQ�FHHD�FH�FRQVXPDWL�HVWH�VXILFLHQW�FD�VD�YD�VLPWLWL�ELQH�VL�FD�RUJDQLVPXO�GY��VD�IXQFWLRQH]H�UH]RQDELO��'HFL�RSLQDWL�VD�PL�vQMXPDWDWHVF�UDWLD�GH�DOLPHQWH"�1X��GHORF��&HDODOWD�MXPDWDWH�HVWH�ELQH�V�R�PkQFDWL�SHQWUX�FD�VD�WUDLDVFD�UH]RQDELO�VL�PHGLFXO�����&H�RL�IL�DYvQG��GRFWRUH��PD�LD�FkQG�FX�FDOG��FvQG�FX�IULVRDQH��WXVHVF�VL�PL�FODQWDQH�GLQWLL�GH�SDUF�DU�IL�FDVWDQLHWH��&UHG�F�DL�FRQWUDFWDW�R�JULSD�VSDQLROD�����'RDPQD��FHO�PDL�EXQ�VIDW�SH�FDUH�YL�O�SRW�GD�HVWH�VD�YD�UHFDVDWRULWL��$WXQFL��OXDWL�PD�GH�VRWLH��GRFWRUH��3DUGRQ��GRDPQD��HX�QX�LDX�QLFLRGDWD�UHWHWHOH�SH�FDUH�OH�SUHVFULX�����'RFWRUH��vQ�XOWLPD�YUHPH��VRWXO�PHX�H�IRDUWH�GLVWUDW��&XP�DWL�UHPDUFDW"�$]L�GLPLQHDWD��OD�PLFXO�GHMXQ��D�VDUXWDW�XQ�RX�ILHUW��LDU�PLH�PL�D�GDW�FX�OLQJXULQWD�Q�FDS�

Page 105: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��DP�DYXW�XQ�FRVPDU�WRDWD�QRDSWHD��VH�IDFHD�FD�WUDJHDP�GH�R�XVD�SH�FDUH�VFULD�FHYD��6L�FH�VFULD"�ÌPSLQJH����'RFWRUXO�GXSD�FH�FRQVXOWD�SDFLHQWXO�vL�VSXQH��'RPQXOH�vPL�SDUH�UDX�GDU�VXQWHWL�IRDUWH�UDX�EROQDY��&KLDU�vQFHS�VD�PL�IDF�SUREOHPH�GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��FH�DP""�]LFH�SDFLHQWXO��$YHWL�XQ�FRL�GH�OHPQ�VL�XQXO�GH�ILHU��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU�GDU�QX�VH�SRDWH�HX�QX�DP�IRVW�QLFLRGDWD�EROQDY��RSHUDW�VDX�LQWHUQDW��6H�YHGH�FODU�SH�UDGLRJUDILH��'RPQXOH�GDU�HX�DP�VL�FRSLL��VL�FKLDU�VXQW�VDQDWRVL�VL�ELQH��&H�VSXL�GRPQXOH�D�FRSLL"�'D�3LQRFKLR�D�WHUPLQDW�OLFHXO�VL�7HUPLQDWRUXO�WRFPDL�IDFH�DUPDWD�������9DULDQWD�8Q�WLS�QHPXOWXPLW�WRWDO�GH�SUHVWDWLLOH�SURSULHL�S OL�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU�VD�VL�R�vQORFXLDVFD���'RFWRUXO��'RPQH��Q�DYHP�GHFDW�XQD�EXQD�GH�OHPQ��H�SXWHUQLFD��PHUJH�ELQH�HWF����,�R�LQVWDOHD]D�DVWXLD��IDFH�RPX�IHULFLW�DFROR���3HVWH�YUHXQ�DQ�DVD�YLQH�DVWD�LDU�OD�GRFWRU��'RPQ�GRFWRU�R�IL�DVWD�GH�OHPQ�EXQD�GD�D�vQFHSXW�VD�VFkUWDLH��QX�DYHWL�DOWD�PDL�SXWHUQLFD"�7RFPDL�DP�SULPLW�XQ�VHW�GH�S OL�GH�PHWDO��JDUDQWDWH��VXSHU�DGHYDUDWH�,�R�QVWDOHD]D�VL�S�DVWD��IDFH�RPXO�IHULFLW�LDU���3HVWH�YUHR���DQL�LDU�YLQH�DVWD�OD�GRFWRU��'RPQ�GRFWRU��RU�IL�DVWHD�GH�PHWDO��GH�OHPQ������GD�WRW�PDL�EXQD�H�DLD�YHFKH�QDWXUDOD��YUHDX�VD�PL�SXQHWL�XQD�GDLD���'RFWRUXO�PLUDW��'D�GH�GRPQOH�QX�VXQWHWL�VDWLVIDFXW�GH�HOH"/D�FDUH�RPX��%D�GD�GRPQ�GRFWRU�VXQW�VDWLVIDFXW�GD�QHYDVWD�PHD�D�QDVFXW�GHMD�XQ�SLQRFKLR�VL�GRL�WHUPLQDWRUL�����/D� vQPRUPkQWDUHD� XQXL�PDUH�PHGLF� FDUGLRORJ�� WRWL� IRVWLL� OXL� SDFLHQWL� FDUH� DX� IRVW� VDOYDWL� GH� HO�� GHSXQ� SH� SURDVSDWXOPRUPkQW�R�LPHQVD�FRURDQD�GLQ�WUDQGDILUL�URVLL�VkQJHULL��vQ�IRUPD�GH�LQLPD��3OkQVHWH��ERFHWH��HWF��%XOD��GLQWU�R�SDUWH��vQFHSHVD�UkGD�FX�KRKRWH��2�GRDPQD�LQGLJQDWD�L�VH�DGUHVHD]D��%LQH�ED�ERXOH��DFXP�WL�DL�JDVLW�VL�WX�VD�Uk]L"����'RDPQD�vPL�SDUH�UDX��FH�VD�IDF��HX�PD�JkQGHDP�FH�IRUPD�L�DU�IL�GDW�DVWLD�FRURDQHL�GDFD�UDSRVDWXO��'XPQH]HX�VD�O�LHUWH��HUDJLQHFRORJ��������1X�VWLX��GRFWRUH��FH�DP��PD�GRDUH�ILFDWXO��PD�GRDUH�VSDWHOH��PD�GRDUH�LQLPD�ÌL�IDFH�GRFWRUXO�DQDOL]HOH�VL�L�VSXQH��ÌPL�SDUH�UDX��DL�FDQFHU�VL�vQ�WUHL�OXQL�DL�VD�PRUL�3OHDFD�WLSXO�VXSDUDW�VL�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�XQ�SULHWHQ�OD�PHWURX��ÌL�VSXQH�GH�YL]LWD� OD�GRFWRU��FD�HVWH�EROQDY�GH�6,'$�VL�FD�YDPXUL� vQ� �� OXQL�� 3ULHWHQXO� SOHDFD� UHSHGH�� XLWkQG� VD� GHD� PkQD� FX� HO�� ÌQ� VWDWLH� OD� DXWREX]�� VH� vQWkOQHVWH� FX� DOWXO� VL� DFHHDVLSRYHVWH��ÌL�DMXQJH�GRFWRUXOXL�OD�XUHFKH�SRYHVWHD��ÌO�FKHDPD�OD�HO��%LQH��GRPOH��FH�YRUEH�V�DVWHD"�7L�DP�VSXV�FODU�FD�YHL�PXUL�GH�FDQFHU�vQ���OXQL�VL�GXPQHDWD�vPSUDVWLL�OD�WRDWD�OXPHD�FD�YHLPXUL�GH�6,'$"�/DVD�PD��GRFWRUH��FD�VL�DVD�VXQW�GHVWXO�GH�VXSDUDW��&H�YUHL��GXSD�FH�PRU��VD�PL�IX D�WRWL�QHYDVWD"����ÌQ�WRLXO�QRSWLL��SH�XQ�WLS�vO�DSXFD�R�GXUHUH�FXPSOLWD�OD�FRLXO�VWkQJ��&DXWD�vQQHEXQLW�VD�DMXQJD�OD�XQ�PHGLF�VL�YHGH�SH�R�XVDR�SODFXWD�SH�FDUH�VFULD�'U�,RQHVFX��%DWH�OD�XVD��DSDUH�XQ�WLS�vQ�FDPDVD�GH�QRDSWH��6XIHULQGXO�vL�]LFH��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��YD�URJ�DMXWDWL�PD��0D�GRDUH�vQJUR]LWRU�FRLXO�VWvQJ��'UDJD��QX�SRW�VD�WH�DMXW��(X�VvQW�GRFWRU�vQ�GUHSW��)LU�DU�DO�GUDFXOXL��XQGH�D�DMXQV�VSHFLDOL]DUHD�DVWD�������2�WLSD�OD�GRFWRU��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��GH�FvWHYD�]LOH�PD�GRDUH�FXPSOLW�EXUWD��'D��GRPQLVRDUD��YD�URJ�VD�YD�XUFDWL�SH�PDVD�JLQHFRORJLFD����&XP"�3H�PDVD�JLQHFRORJLFD"�'D��SHQWUX�FD�GRUHVF�VD�YD�LDX�IHEUD����'DU�GH�FH�SH�PDVD�JLQHFRORJLFD"�)HEUD�VH�LD�vQ�D[LOD�����'D��GDU�ILLQGFD�YD�GRDUH�EXUWD��GRUHVF�VD�YD�LDX�WHPSHUDWXUD�UHFWDOD����'XSD�FvWHYD�PLQXWH�GXSD�FH�GDPD�V�D�XUFDW�SH�PDVD��'DU�GRPQXOH�GRFWRU����DFHVWD�QX�H�UHFWXO�����'DU�FH��GRPQLVRDUD��DFHVWD�HVWH�WHUPRPHWUX"�����'RFWRUH��FH�VD�IDF��QX�SRW�QLFL�VD�EHDX�VL�QLFL�VD�PDQvQF��3H�VFXPSHWHD�DVWD��QX�SXWHWL�GHFvW�VD�ILWL�IHULFLWD��VWLPDWD�GRDPQD�

Page 106: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�����6SXQH�PL�VLQFHU��GRFWRUH��FKLDU�QX�DP�QLPLF�JUDY�OD�LQLPD"�&DOPDWL�YD��GRPDQD��YD�DVLJXU�FD�LQLPD�GY��R�VD�EDWD�WRDWD�YLDWD�����ÌQWU�R�YDUD��FRPSDQLD�OD�FDUH�OXFUD�'DYH�O�D�WUDQVIHUDW�vQ�DOW�RUDV�VL�HO�D�WUHEXLW�VD�VL�IDFD�YL]LWD�PHGLFDOD��7RDWH�DQDOL]HOHDX�LHVLW�ELQH��GDU�GRFWRUXO�Q�D�SXWXW�VD�QX�UHPDUFH��&XP�YD�GHVFXUFDWL�FX�DVD�GLPHQVLXQH�PLFD"�)RDUWH�ELQH���UDVSXQGH�'DYH��DP�QHYDVWD����FRSLL�VL�R�YLDWD�VH[XDOD�ERJDWD��1XPDL�FkWHRGDWD��]LXD��DP�SUREOHPH�VD�R�JDVHVFSULQ�SDQWDORQL��'DU�QRDSWHD"��vQWUHDED�GRFWRUXO��1RDSWHD�QX�DP�SUREOHPH�SHQWUX�FD�VvQWHP�GRL�FDUH�R�FDXWD���������'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��FD�VD�UDPvQ�vQVDUFLQDWD�PDL�UHSHGH�WUHEXLH�FD�VRWXO�PHX�VD�SRDUWH�FKLORWL�VWUvPWL�VDX�ODUJL"�&HO�PDL�ELQH�DU�IL�VD�QX�SRDUWH�GHORF������$OR��GRFWRUH��YHQLWL� UHSHGH��*LJHO�DO�PHX� D� vQJKLWLW� GRXD� VLJXUDQWH�� R� UH]LVWHQWD�� R� GLRGD� VL� QX�PDL� VWLX� FH� DOWH�PLFLGUDFRYHQLL�GH�OD�XQ�WHOHYL]RU�PDL�YHFKL�GH�DO�QRVWUX��&H�VD�IDF�FX�HO"�$WL�vQFHUFDW�VD�L�SXQHWL�R�DQWHQD"����8URORJXO�EvOEvLW�FDWUH�SDFLHQW����'D���GD����DG�FH���FH���FFFH�WWWH�WWWWHHH�VXSDUD"�'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��PD�SLV�JUHX����'D��GGGD��GDDD�GD�FFFXP�PPP�YYLL�YLYLQH�MHW�MHWXO"�*UHX��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU����'D��GD�WR�WR�WRWXVL�H[�H[SOL�H[�H[SOLFD�FXP�FXP�WH��WH��WWH�SLVL����3DL�VD�YHGHWL��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��PD�SLV�VL�HX�FXP�YRUEHVWL�GXPQHDWD�������,QWHUQLVWXO�LHVH�GLQ�FDELQHW�VSUH�VDOD�GH�DVWHSWDUH��XQGH�DVWHSWD�R�GXGXLH�FX�PDPD�HL��3RIWLP��GRPQLVRDUD�vQ�FDELQHW�VL�WH�GH]EUDFD����'DU��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��VWLWL�HX�QX�VXQW�EROQDYD����PDPD�H����'D��GRDPQD��DWXQFL�GHVFKLGHWL�JXUD��������'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��FkQG�GRUP��YLVH]�FD�VFULX�QLVWH�URPDQH�PDL�JUR]DYH�GHFkW�FHOH�DOH�OXL�=ROD��&H�PD�VIDWXLWL"�(X�]LF�VD�QX�YD�IDFHWL�SUREOHPH��'DU�SHQWUX�FD�KkUWLD�V�D�VFXPSLW�vQ�DVD�KDO��PDL�ELQH�OXDWL�VRPQLIHUH������$P�FHYD�FURQLF��GRFWRUH"�1X��ERDOD�GY��H�EDQDOD��LHUWDWL�PD�FD�YD�GH]DPDJHVF��GRDPQD��3RDUWD�QXPHOH�GH�VLQJXUDWDWH��6L�FH�PL�SUHVFULHWL"�1X�L�ELQH�VSXV��FH��VD�YD�SUHVFULX��PDL�GHJUDED��SH�FLQH��VD�YD�SUHVFULX�����8Q� LQGLYLG� VXQD� OD� XVD� XQXL�PLF� FDELQHW�PHGLFDO� vQ� SXWHUHD�QRSWLL��'XSD�XQ� WLPS�� VH� DSULQGH� OXPLQD� vQ� KRO� VL� DSDUHPHGLFXO�vQ�SLMDPD��%XQD�VHDUD��FH�V�D�QWvPSODW"�&X�FH�SRW�VD�YD�DMXW"�9UHDX�SXWLQ�ELFDUERQDW��0D�GHUDQMHD]D�VWRPDFXO��3DL�ELQH��RPXOH��SHQWUX�DWvWD�OXFUX�PD�WUH]HVWL�OD�RUD�DVWD"�8Q�FHDL�FDOG�VDX�FKLDU�XQ�SDKDU�FX�DSD�FDOGD�DU�IL�DYXW�DFHODVLHIHFW��'D"�$WXQFL�GDWL�PL�XQ�SDKDU�FX�DSD�FDOGD������ÌWL� VvQW� UHFXQRVFDWRU�� GRFWRUH�� HVWL�PDUH�� 1X� FUHGHDP� F�DL� VD� PD� SRWL� YLQGHFD� GH� PDQLD� DVWD� QHQRURFLWD� GH� D� SXQHSDULXUL��&kW�PD�FRVWD"�1XPDL�R�VXWD�GH�GRODUL��'H�DFRUG��'DU�VSXQH�PL��FH�DU�IL�VD�GDP�FX�EDQXO��GXEOX�VDX�QLPLF�����8Q�SDFLHQW�LQWUD�vQ�FDELQHWXO�SVLKLDWUXOXL�VL�SXQH�SH�PDVD�R�SXQJD��(�SHQWUX�GXPQHDWD��GRFWRUH��'DU�FH�DL�DFROR"�3DL�XLWDWL�YD�&XULRV��SVLKLDWUXO�VH�XLWD�vQ�SXQJD�VL�YHGH�XQ�KRPDU�GH�WRDWD�IUXPXVHWHD��)UXPRV�GLQ�SDUWH�GXPLWDOH��0L�DL�IDFXW�R�PDUH�SODFHUH��ÌPL�SODF�KRPDULL��9DG�FD�L�SURDVSDW��SDUH�FD�vQFD�PDL�PLVFD��ÌO�YRLOXD�DFDVD��SHQWUX�FLQD��1X�L�FD]XO��GRFWRUH��7RFPDL�D�FLQDW��0DL�ELQH�GXFHWL�O�OD�FLQHPD��HVWH�PRUW�GXSD�GHVHQH�DQLPDWH������6vQWHP�JDWD�GH�RSHUDWLH"

Page 107: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�'D��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��7RWXO�H�SUHJDWLW��'RDU�FD�SDFLHQWXO�QX�L�H�JDVLW��1X�L�QLPLF��vQFHSHP�IDUD�HO�����0HGLFXO�FKLUXUJ��R�VRPLWDWH�vQ�GRPHQLX��YLQH�vQ�UH]HUYD�vQ�FDUH�VH�DIOD�SDFLHQWXO�UHFHQW�RSHUDW��9D�IHOLFLW��DUDWDWL�PLQXQDW��vO�vQFXUDMHD]D�GRFWRUXO��$WL�WUHFXW�FX�ELQH�KRSXO��(L��vQFD�QX�GH�WRW��'H�FH"�9D�PDL�VXSDUD�FHYD"�1X��GDU�DVWHSW�VD�YDG�QRWD�GH�SODWD�����8Q�PRVXOLFD�OD�GRFWRU��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��YD�URJ�VD�PL�IDFHWL� FHYD�SHQWUX�FD�HX�QX�PDL�SRW� IDFH�QLPLF�FX�EDED�VL�DVWD�PL�D�VSXV�FD�GDFD�QX�L� IDFFHYD��PD�ODVD�GHILQLWLY�DFXP��GXSD����GH�DQL�GH�FDVDWRULH����'DU� GRPQXOH���� OD� YkUVWD� GXPLWDOH�QX�PDL� SRW� IDFH� QLPLF�� vQFHDUFD� VL� GXPQHDWD� DVD� FXP�PDL� YH]L� VHDUD� OD� WHOHYL]RU�� FXOLPED��GH�H[HPSOX����1X�SRW��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��FD�EDED�PHD�H�EDWUvQD�VL�DUH�XQ�OLQGLF�FD�XQ�FDVWUDYHWH����$VD�GH�PDUH"""�1X��DVD�GH�DFUX����'DU�QX�L�QLPLF�����SRWL�VD�LHL�R�]DKDUQLWD�VL�VD�SUHVDUL�]DKDU�SHVWH�HO��VD�L�FRUHFWH]L�JXVWXO����1X�VH�SRDWH��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU����DP�vQFHUFDW��GDU�FvQG�IDF�WUHDED�DVWD�DVD�PD�GRU�RFKLL�GH�vQQHEXQHVF����"""�3DL�VD�YHGHWL����EDED�PHD��DVD�FXP�DP�]LV��H�EDWUvQD�WDUH�VL�QX�VH�PDL�FRQWUROHD]D�SUHD�ELQH����DVD�FD�GLQ�FvQG�vQ�FvQG�PDLVFDSD�FvWH�R�EDVLQD�VL�DWXQFL�vPL�DUXQFD�WRW�]DKDUXO�vQ�RFKL��������8LWH�FH�H��R�VD�WL�YRUEHVF�VHULRV��WUHEXLH�VD�UHQXQWL�QHDSDUDW�OD�DOFRRO��'HFL�DVWD�H��GRFWRUH��EDQXLDP�HX�FD�ERDOD�PHD�H�IDUD�OHDF��������'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��VSXQH�DVLVWHQWD�DODUPDWD��SDFLHQWXO�FDUH�WRFPDL�D�LHVLW�GH�OD�'Y��D�PXULW�SH�KRO��6FKLPED�L�UHSHGH�SR]LWLD��VD�SDUD�FD�WRFPDL�LQWUD��������,D�VSXQHWL�PL��GXFHWL�R�YLDWD�QRUPDOD"�vO�vQWUHDED�PHGLFXO�SH�QRXO�SDFLHQW��'D��IDUD�GLVFXWLH��GXF�R�YLDWD�SHUIHFW�QRUPDOD��$WXQFL�FUHG�FD�YD�WUHEXL�V�R�vQWUHUXSHWL�SHQWUX�XQ�WLPS��������'RPQXOH� GRFWRU�� DVD� QX� VH�PDL� SRDWH�� VH� SOvQJH� VRUD� VHID�� $VLVWHQWD� DVWD� QRXD�� FDUH� XPEOD�PHUHX� FX� QDVXO� SH� VXV�WUHEXLH�PXWDWD�vQ�DOWD�VHFWLH��=ELDUD�vQWU�XQD�SHVWH�WRW�FD�HX�DV�IL�R�LQFDSDELOD��/LQLVWHVWH�WH��GUDJD��9RUEHVF�HX�FX�HD��'DFD�PDL�GLYXOJD�VHFUHWHOH�FOLQLFLL��R�GDX�DIDUD������(L��DWL�DVFXOWDW�VIDWXO�PHX��VD�GRUPLWL�FvW�PDL�PXOW�FX�IHUHDVWUD�GHVFKLVD"�'D��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��DVD�DP�IDFXW��6L�QX�Y�D�GLVSDUXW�EURQVLWD"�%URQVLWD��QX��ÌQ�VFKLPE��PL�DX�GLVSDUXW�WHOHYL]RUXO��GRXD�WDEORXUL�VL�WHOHIRQXO�PRELO�����$�GRXD�]L�GXSD�RSHUDWLD�GH�DSHQGLFLWD��WkQDUD�HVWH�YL]LWDWD�GH�FKLUXUJ��(L��FXP�PHUJH��GRPQLVRDUD"�%LQH��PXOWXPHVF��'DU�VSXQHWL�PL��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��R�VD�ILH�IRDUWH�YL]LELOD�FLFDWULFHD�PHD"0HGLFXO�R�SULYHVWH�R�VHFXQGD�VL�vL�UDVSXQGH��$VWD�GHSLQGH�GH�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��GRPQLVRDUD������'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��DP�SUREOHPH�FX�VRPQXO��0HUHX�PD�WUH]HVF��'H�FkWH�RUL�SH�QRDSWH"�1X�FKLDU�SH�QRDSWH��GDU�GLQ�WUHL�vQ�WUHL�]LOH�����8Q�WLS�vVL�VXQD�GLVSHUDW�PHGLFXO�GH�IDPLOLH��'RFWRUH��YLQR�UHSHGH��QHYDVWD�PHD�DUH�DSHQGLFLWD����1X�VH�SRDWH��DQXO�WUHFXW�DP�RSHUDW�R�GH�DSHQGLFLWD��$L�YD]XW�WX�SH�FLQHYD�FDUH�VD�DLED�GRXD�DSHQGLFH"�1X��WkPSLWXOH��'DU�WX�Q�DL�PDL�YD]XW�SH�FLQHYD�VD�DLED�GRXD�QHYHVWH"����'RFWRUXO�LQWUD�vQ�GRUPLWRU��ODVvQGX�O�SH�VRWXO�IRDUWH�DJLWDW�VD�DVWHSWH�DIDUD��3HVWH�GRXD�PLQXWH��GRFWRUXO�LHVH�GLQ�GRUPLWRUVL�FHUH�XQ�FXWLW�GH�EXFDWDULH�6RWXO�VH�H[HFXWD�VL�GRFWRUXO�GLVSDUH�GLQ�QRX�vQ�GRUPLWRU��3HVWH�SXWLQ�WLPS��LHVH�GLQ�QRX��GH�GDWD�DVWD�FHUkQG�XQ�FLRFDQ�VL�RGDOWD��6RWXO�GD� IXJD�SvQD�MRV�VL�VH� vQWRDUFH�FX�XQ�FLRFDQ� VL�R�GDOWD��$FXP�ELHWXO�RP�HUD� vQWU�R�JURD]QLFD�VWDUH�GH�DJLWDWLH�'RFWRUXO�UHLQWUD�vQ�GRUPLWRU��UHDSDUH�GLQ�QRX�GXSD�YUHR�FLQFL�PLQXWH��ÌPL�SDUH�UDX��VSXQH�HO��0D�WHP�FD�DP�QHYRLH�GH�R�UDQJD�

Page 108: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�2�UDQJD"��WLSD�VRWXO�FX�JODVXO�VXJUXPDW"�&H�DUH"�6SXQHWL�PL�VL�PLH��1�DP�DYXW�FXP�VD�FRQVWDW��VSXQH�GRFWRUXO��ÌQFHUF�GH�DWXQFL�VD�PL�GHVFKLG�WUXVD�����ÌQ�PLH]XO�QRSWLL�VXQD�WHOHIRQXO�XQXL�GRFWRU��8Q�JODV�GH�IHPHLH��'RFWRUH��GRFWRUH��EDLDWXO�D�vQJKLWLW�XQ�SUH]HUYDWLY�'RFWRUXO�LD�DGUHVD�VH�vPEUDFD�UHSHGH�VL�FkQG�VD�LDVD�SH�XVD�LDU�VXQD�WHOHIRQXO��'RFWRUH�QX�PDL�WUHEXLH�VD�YHQLWL��6RWXO�PHX�D�JDVLW�DOWXO��������+HL���GRFWRUH��QX�PDVHDXD�DLD�WUHEXLD�H[WUDVD����/DVFD�DMXQJHP�QRL�VL�OD�DLD�VWULFDWD������'RP�GRFWRU��FUHG�FD�GH�OD�XQ�WLPS�DP�GHYHQLW�FDP�LVWHULF��3DL�FXP�VH�PDQLIHVWD"�3$,�&80�6$�6(�0$1,)(67(�%$"�����/D�GRFWRU��1X�VWLX�FH�DP��GRP�GRFWRU��GH�OD�XQ�WLPS�QX�PD�VLPW�ELQH�GH�ORF��,D�GX�WH�ED�LQ�FDPHUD�GH�DODWXUL�VL�FDFD�WH�Q�WDYD�DVWD�6H�GXFH�RPX��VH�FDFD�VL�VH�QWRDUFH��'RFWRUXO�R�LD��R�SXQH�SH�ELURX��,D�SXWLQ�FDFDW�SH�GHJHW��vO�JXVWD�VL�]LFH��0PP���QX�H�GH�OD�ILFDW��0DL�LD�R�JXUD�GH�FDFDW��0PP���QLFL�GH�OD�LQLPD����VL�WRW�DVD�6H�WHUPLQD�FDFDWXO��,D�GX�WH�ED�VL�PDL�FDFD�WH��&80�6$�0$�0$,�&$&�%$"�$KD��H�GH�OD�QHUYL�������8Q�WkQDU��ELQH�IDFXW�OD�WUXS��DUH�WRWXVL�SUREOHPH�PDUL�FX�VDQDWDWHD��$PHWHOL�FUXQWH��GXUHUL�IDQWDVWLFH�GH�DEGRPHQ����]LOQLFVL� IDUD� FUXWDUH� ��9L]LWHD]D� XQXO� GLQWUH� FHL�PDL� UHQXPLWL�GRFWRUL� LQ� WDUD���� GXSD� R� DQDOL]D� VHULRDVD� D� SUREOHPHL� VL� SUREH� GHODERUDWRU��YHUGLFWXO�GRFWRUXOXL�HVWH�WHULELO��vL�SURSXQH�FD�VLQJXU�UHPHGLX����FDVWUDUHD��'LVSHUDW��WkQDUXO�QRVWUX�SOHDFD�SHQWUX�RD�GRXD�RSLQLH� OD� FHO�PDL� UHQXPLW� GRFWRU� GLQ�6WDWHOH�8QLWH���� GLQ� QHIHULFLUH���� DFHODVL� YHUGLFW���� FDVWUDUHD�� 7kQDUXO� QRVWUX� LQSUDJXO� GH]QDGHMGLL� vQFHDUFD� VL� OD� 3DULV���� FX� DFHOVL� UH]XOWDW�� $PHWHOLOH� VL� GXUHULOH� GH� DEGRPHQ� VXQW� LQIHUQDOH���� WkQDUXOFDSLWXOHD]D�VL�DFFHSWD�RSHUDWLD�/D�LHVLUHD�GLQ�VSLWDO��YL]LWHD]D�3DULVXO�VL�RFKLL�vL�FDG�SH�R�YLWULQD�D�XQXL�FURLWRU��YLWULQD�vQ�FDUH�HUD�H[SXV�XQ�VXSHUE�FRVWXP�GHKDLQH����'DFD�WRW�VXQW�OD�3DULV��KDL�VD�PL�IDF�VL�HX�XQ�FRVWXP��=LV�VL�IDFXW��WkQDUXO�LQWUD�vQ�PDJD]LQ��DOHJH�VWRID��GLVFXWD�FX�FURLWRUXO�PRGHOXO��HWF����6H�WUHFH�OD�PDVXUDWRUL����XPHULL��PkLQLOH�OXQJLPHD�KDLQHL��WDOLH��OXQJLPHD�GLQ�WDOLH�SkQD�SHVWH�SDQWRI��HWF��&URLWRUXO�vO�vQWUHDED��8Q�XOWLP�DPDQXQW�GUDJD�GRPQXOH��SH�FDUH�SDUWH�WLQHWL��EDJDMXO"�6WLPDWH�GRPQ��QX�PDL�DUH�QLFL�R�LPSRUWDQWD��UDVSXQGH�DPDUkW�WkQDUXO��&XP�VD�QX�DLED�LPSRUWDQWD�GRPQXOH�GUDJD"�$UH�R�LPSRUWDQWD�IDQWDVWLFD��'DFD�GYV��RELVQXLWL�VD�O�WLQHWL�SH�VWkQJD�VL�HX�IDF�EX]XQDUXO��SDQWDORQXOXL�SH�GUHDSWD��R�VD�DYHWL�DPHWHOL�JURD]QLFH�GH�FDS�VL�GXUHUL�vQILRUDWRDUH�GH�DEGRPHQ�������8QD�LQWUD�YDO�YkUWHM�LQ�FDELQHWXO�XQXL�GHQWLVW��vVL�ULGLFD�IXVWD��vVL�GD�MRV�FKLORWLL�VL�VH�ULGLFD�SH�VFDXQ�FX�SLFLRDUHOH�vQ�VXV�0HGLFXO�IRDUWH�LQWULJDW�vL�VSXQH��'RDPQD��QX�YD�VXSDUDWL��GDU�JLQHFRORJXO�FRQVXOWD�DODWXUL�/D�FDUH�GRDPQD�UHSOLFD��6LFWLU��7X�L�DL�SXV�SURWH]D�OX�EDUEDWX�PHX��WX�VD�L�R�VFRWL�����2�WLSD�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU��'XSD�FH�R�FRQVXOWD��GRFWRUXO�vL�VSXQH��'RDPQD��WUHEXLH�VD�YRUEHVF�FX�VRWXO�GY�7LSD�LHVH�GLQ�FDELQHW�VL�vL�VSXQH�EDUEDWXOXL��&UHG�FD�DP�FHYD�JUDY��GRFWRUXO�Q�D�YUXW�VD�PL�VSXQD�FH��GDU�YUHD�VD�YRUEHDVFD�FX�WLQH�7LSXO�LQWUD�vQ�FDELQHW�VL�GRFWRUXO�vL�]LFH��6RWLD�WD�H�IRDUWH�EROQDYD��'DFD�QX�R�V�R�IXWL�GH���RUL�SH�QRDSWH��vQ�ILHFDUH�QRDSWH��R�VD�PRDUD�7LSXO�LHVH��LDU�VRWLD�vO�vQWUHDED��(L��GUDJD��FH�D�]LV�GRFWRUXO�"�$�]LV�FD�R�VD�PRUL�����2�WLSD�LQWUD�vQ�FDELQHWXO�XQXL�JLQHFRORJ��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��YD� URJ� VD�PD� DMXWDWL��$P�DJDWDW� XQ�PLOLDUGDU� VL�PL�D� SURPLV�FD�GDFD� VXQW� IDWD�PDUH�PD� LD� GH�QHYDVWD�)DFHWL�PL�FHYD�vQ�DVD�IHO� vQFkW�VD� L� VH�SDUD�FD�VXQW� IDWD�PDUH�VL� YD�YRL� UDVSODWL� DVD�FXP�VH�FXYLQH��'LVHDUD� WUHEXLH� VD�GDXSURED�

Page 109: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

'RFWRUXO�HVWH�GH�DFRUG��R� SXQH�SH�PDVD�� OXFUHD]D� FLUFD� XQ� VIHUW� GH�RUD� VL� DSRL� VSXQH� FD� WRWXO� HVWH�RN��$�GRXD� ]L�� WLSD� VHvQWRDUFH�OD�PHGLF��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��VvQWHWL�XQ�JHQLX��XQ�FHDUFDI�GH�VvQJH�DP�XPSOXW��&H�PL�DWL�IDFXW"�6WDL�OLQLVWLWD��VD�WL�VFRW�ODPD��UDVSXQGH�GRFWRUXO�����8Q�EROQDY�GH�FDQFHU�VH�GXFH�OD�PHGLF��0HGLFXO�vL�SUHVFULH�EDL�GH�QDPRO��'RP�GRFWRU��GD�HX�Q�DP�UHXPDWLVP��FL�FDQFHU��3DL��WRFPDL�GH�DLD�WL�DP�SUHVFULV�EDL�GH�QDPRO��FKLDU�GH�SH�DFXP�WUHEXLH�VD�vQFHSL�VD�WH�RELVQXLHVWL�FX�SDPkQWXO��������7UHEXLH�VD�YD�DQXQW�FD�EHEHOXVXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�DUH�R�SR]LWLH�IRDUWH�FLXGDWD��1LFL�QX�PD�PLU��'DFD�DWL�VWL�vQ�FH�SR]LWLH�P�DP�IX XW�vQ�UDEOD�DLD�GH�/DVWXQ��������$VSLULQD�H�EXQD�OD�WRDWH���]LFH�XQ�GRFWRU��6HULRV�"�H�VL�DQWLFRQFHSWLRQDO"�'D��GD�WUHEXLH�V�R�WLL�IRDUWH�VWUkQV�vQWUH�SLFLRDUH�������)DFH�%XOD�XQ�FRQWURO�PHGLFDO��'RFWRUXO�vO�FRQVXOWD��vL�DQDOL]HD]D�UHVSLUDWLD��WRW��GDU�OD�VIkUVLW��QHILLQG�SUHD�VDWLVIDFXW��vOURDJD��'RPQXOH�%XOD��DP�QHYRLH�VD�PL�DGXFHWL�vQ�GXSD�DPLD]D�DVWD�SUREH�GH�XULQD��VD�OH�DQDOL]H]��'D��EXQ��VL�PDL�FH"�6L�GH�IHFDOH��GDFD�VH�SRDWH��%LQHH��RIWHD]D��%XOD��VL�DOWFHYD"�$��VL�GH�VSHUPD��GDFD�QX�YD�VXSDUDWL�%XOD�VH�JUDEHVWH�VD�SOHFH��GDU�VH�vQWRDUFH�LPHGLDW�VL�]LFH��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��VWLWL��LR�PD�FDP�JUDEHVF��DVD�FD�GDFD�QX�YD�VXSDUDWL��YD�ODV�DLFL�FKLORWLL�VL�DP�SOHFDW�����'RFWRUXO��ÌPL�SDUH�UDX��DP�R�YHVWH�SURDVWD��$YHWL�6,'$�3DFLHQWXO��&H�IHO�GH�OXPH�H�DVWD��GH�QX�PDL�SRWL�DYHD�vQFUHGHUH�QLFL�vQ�SURSULD�ILLFD"""��������6H�GXFH�XQ�WLS�OD�GRFWRU�VL�]LFH��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��HX�VLQW�GH]HFKLOLEUDW�VH[XDO���/DVD�FD�SXQ�LR�GLDJQRVWLFX�FD�GH�DLD�LV�GRFWRU��7X�]L�QXPDL�VLPSWRPHOH����3DL�H�VLPSOX�GRPQXOH�GRFWRU���&LQG�PL�VH�VFRDOD���FDG�SH�VSDWH���������,HUL�DP�IRVW�OD�GRFWRU��6L�FH�D�VSXV"���������GH�OHL��1X��YURLDP�VD�VWLX�FH�DL�DYXW"���������1X�PDL�vQWHOHV��&H�WL�D�OLSVLW""�3DL�������������8Q�GRFWRU�VL�VRWLD�OXL�DX�R�FHDUWD�IRDUWH�XUkWD�OD�PLFXO�GHMXQ��6L��GDFD�YUHL�VD�VWLL��QLFL�QX�HVWL�IRDUWH�EXQ�vQ�SDW��vL�VSXQH�HD�VL�SOHDFD�OD�OXFUX�WUkQWLQG�XVD�3H�OD�DPLD]D��vQFHSH�VD�L�SDUD�UDX�VL�VXQD�DFDVD��&H�WL�D�WUHEXLW�DVD�PXOW�VD�UDVSXQ]L"�(UDP�vQ�SDW��6L�FH�IDFHDL�vQ�SDW�OD�RUD�DVWD"�&HUHDP�R�D�GRXD�RSLQLH������0HGLFDPHQWXO�SH�FDUH�YL�O�DP�SUHVFULV�Y�D�IDFXW�ELQH"�(VWH� H[WUDRUGLQDU�� GRFWRUH�� 'RDU� GRXD� SDVWLOH� DP� OXDW� VL� PL�D� GLVSDUXW� WXVHD�� &X� UHVWXO� IODFRQXOXL� DP� FXUDWDW� WRDWHWDFkPXULOH��6XQW�DFXP�FD�QRL�������2� WkQDUD� VH� SUH]LQWD� OD�PHGLF� SHQWUX� FRQWUROXO�SHULRGLF�� ÌQ� WLPS�FH�R� H[DPLQD�� GRFWRUXO�REVHUYD� FD� IHPHLD� DYHD�PDLPXOWH�]JkUkLHWXUL�SH�SDUWHD�LQWHULRDUD�D�SXOSHORU�VL��QHGXPHULW��R�vQWUHDED�FDUH�HVWH�FDX]D��6WLWL��SULHWHQXO�PHX�SRDUWD�RFKHODUL��vL�UDVSXQGH�IHPHLD��'DU�GH�FH�QX�L�VSXQHWL�VD�VL�L�GHD�MRV"�vQWUHDED�GRFWRUXO��1X�VXQWHP�FKLDU�DVD�GH�LQWLPL����

Page 110: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��DP�XUPDW�WUDWDPHQWXO�FX�VILQWHQLH��1�DP�PDL�IXPDW��Q�DP�EDXW��Q�DP�PkQFDW�FX�VDUH��'DU�SLFLRDUHOHPD�GRU�OD�IHO�FD�vQDLQWH��$ELD�PDL�PHUJ��&H�DU�WUHEXL�VD�LDX"�$XWREX]XO��PHWURXO��WUDPYDLXO�������8Q�WLS�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU��'XPOH�GRFWRU��DP�R�SUREOHPD�����&H�DL�PD"�1X�PL�VH�VFRDOD���$KD��)L�DWHQW��R�LHL�vQ�PkQD�VL�WUDJL�GH�HD�SkQD�DMXQJH�FDP�SH�OD�JHQXQFKL�$SRL�PDL�YLL�SH�OD�PLQH��%LQH��GRP�GRFWRU�9LQH�DVWD�GXSD���]LOH���'RP�GRFWRU��GHJHDED��WRW�QX�VH�VFRDOD��0DL�WUDJH�GH�HD�SkQD�DMXQJH�OD�FDOFkLH�VL�PDL�YLQR�SH�OD�PLQH��%LQH�GRP�GRFWRU9LQH�DVWD�SHVWH�DOWH���]LOH�'HJHDED��QX�PHUJH��7UDJHR�SkQD�DMXQJH�OD�FXU�DSRL�PDL�YLQH�SDFL��%LQH�GRP�GRFWRU9LQH�DVWD�GLQ�QRX��1X�PHUJH��WRW�QX�PL�VH�VFRDOD�S OD��$WXQFL�SRWL�VD�WH�FDFL�SH�HD�����&LFD�XQ�WLS�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU�ILLQG�UDFLW��WXVHD�vQWU�XQD���'RFWRUX�vO�FRQVXOWD�VL�vL�SUHVFULH�XQ�PHGLFDPHQW��GDU�GLQ�JUDEDSH�UHWHWD�DSDUH�XQ�GLXUHWLF�SXWHUQLF��'RFWRUX�vO�FKHDPD�vQDSRL�GXSD�WUHL�]LOH��&kQG�VH�vQWRDUFH�RPX��GRFWRUX�vQWUHDED��0DL�WXVLWL�GRPQX"�'D�FH�FUHGHWL�FD�PDL�DP�FXUDM"����%XOD�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU��'RP�GRFWRU��YUHDX�VD�PL�GDWL�VL�PLH�VFXODPHQW��%XOD��HVWL�QHEXQ"�7RDWD�OXPHD�YUHD�VD�VFDSH�GH�HO��QXPDL�WX�VD�O�LHL"�/DVDWL�GRP�GRFWRU�FD�VWLX�HX�FH�IDF��%LQH�%XOD�9LQR�PkLQH�OD�PLQH�FD�DP�R�VWRDUID�FDUH�YUHD�VD�VH�YLQGHFH��=LV�VL�IDFXW��$�GRXD�]L�GXSD�FH�WHUPLQD�WUHDED�GRFWRUXO�IRDUWHFXULRV��vO�vQWUHDED�GH�FH�D�IDFXW�FKHVWLD�DVWD��3DL�VD�YHGHWL�GRP�GRFWRU��7DWD�DUH�R�VHFUHWDUD�SH�OD�FDUH�PDL�PHUJ�VL�HX��(X�R�VD�L�GDX�ERDOD�OX�DVWD��DVWD�OX�WDWD��WDWD��FD�VDQX�DIOH�PDPD�FD�DUH�DPDQWD�R�VD�L�R�GHD�VL�HL��LDU�SH�OD�PDPD�PDL�YLQH�GLQ�FkQG�vQ�FkQG�GLULJX��(�SH�DVWD�DP�HX�ERDOD�����8Q�PRV�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU��'RP�GRFWRU��DP�YDQLW�VD�PL�GDWL�6,'$��0RVXOH�FH�DL�HVWL�QHEXQ"�1X�GRPGRFWRU��GD�DP�DX]LW�FD�GH�6,'$�PDL�WUDLHVWL�YUHR�GRL�DQL�VL�GXSD�DLD�PRUL�����2�IHPHLH�IUXPRDVD�YLQH�OD�JLQHFRORJ��'XSD�FH�R�vQWLQGH�SH�PDVD��FX�SLFLRDUHOH�ODUJ�GHVIDFXWH��JLQHFRORJX�vQFHSH�VD�RFRQVXOWH�FX�DWHQWLH��DSRL�]LFH��)DQWDVWLF��IDQWDDVWLF��IDQWDDDVWLLLF���2ULFH�DWL�IL�YD]XW��HUD�VXILFLHQW�VD�]LFHWL�R�VLQJXUD�GDWD�IDQWDVWLF���3DL�LR�DVD�DP�]LV��R�GDWD��UHVWX�D�IRVW�HFRX������'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��YD�SODFH�VL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�SRNHUXO"��&kWHRGDWD��FD�VD�PL�RPRU�WLPSXO���3DL����FOLHQWL�QX�DYHWL"�����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��VSXQH�DVLVWHQWD�DODUPDWD��SDFLHQWXO�FDUH�WRFPDL�D�LHVLW�GH�OD�'Y��D�PXULW�SH�KRO��6FKLPED�L�UHSHGH�SR]LWLD��VD�SDUD�FD�WRFPDL�LQWUD�������ÌQ�VDOD�GH�DVWHSWDUH�D�XQXL�FDELQHW�SDUWLFXODU�R�SDFLHQWD�VH�FRQIHVHD]D�DOWHL�SDFLHQWH��&kQG�QX�PD�VLPW�ELQH�PD�GXF�OD�GRFWRU��FDFL�WUHEXLH�VD�WUDLDVFD�VL�HO��3H�XUPD��FXPSDU�PHGLFDPHQWH�GH�OD�IDUPDFLVW��FDFLWUHEXLH�VL�HO�VD�WUDLDVFD��$SRL�DMXQJ�DFDVD�VL�OH�DUXQF��FD�VL�HX�WUHEXLH�VD�WUDLHVF������9RL��GRFWRULL��VvQWHWL�EXQL�GH�FRPSDWLPLW��0XOWD�OXPH�YD�vQMXUD��'D��$VWD�H��6LQFHU�VD�ILX��DYHP�GHVWXL�GXVPDQL�SH�OXPHD�DVWD��$GLFD�PDL�PXOWL�GHFkW�SH�OXPHD�FHDODOWD"

Page 111: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����&LFD�R�IHPHLH�FX�YRFH�EDULWRQDOD��YLQH�OD�XQ�GRFWRU��%XQD�]LXD�GRFWRUH����JURVVVVV���9DL�GRDPQD��GDU�FH�DYHWL�OD�JkW"�0DUJHOH��FX�DFHHDVL�YRFH�GH�FDYHUQD��������8Q�GRPQ�GLVWLQV�PHUJH�OD�PHGLF��9D�URJ�VD�PD�DMXWDWL��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��&DVDWRULD�PHD�HVWH�vQ�MRF��1X�PDL�PHUJH�VH[XO�DVD�FXP�PHUJHD�SH�YUHPXUL����$P�VD�YD�SUHVFULX�R�WDEOHWD�SH�FDUH�YD�WUHEXL�VD�R�OXDWL�vQ�ILHFDUH�VHDUD�vQ�WLPSXO�FLQHL�'XSD�FkWHYD�]LOH�SDFLHQWXO�PHUJH�GLQ�QRX� OD�XQ�H[DPHQ�PHGLFDO� FD�GRFWRUXO�VD�YDGD�GDFD� WDEOHWD�SUHVFULVD�QX� DUH� HIHFWHVHFXQGDUH��(L��Y�D�IRORVLW�WDEOHWD"�'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��HVWH�FX�DGHYDUDW�XOXLWRDUH��&KLDU�VL�vQ�WLPSXO�FLQHL�DP�IDFXW�GH�GRXD�RUL�VH[�FX�QHYDVWD�PHD��6L�HD"�,�D�SODFXW�IRDUWH�WDUH��'DU�RDVSHWLL�DX�IRVW�IRDUWH�VXUSULQVL������'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��FH�VD�PD�IDF"�'LPHQVLXQLOH�SHQLVXOXL�PHX�VH�DSURSLH�GH�FHOH�DOH�XQXL�EHEHOXV��'H�FH"�&kW�PDVRDUD�SHQLVXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"����GH�FHQWLPHWUL�VL�������GH�JUDPH�����'RFWRUXO�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�%XOD��6SXQH�PL��WH�URJ��FXP�WH�SURWHMH]L�FkQG�IDFL�VH["�'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��VXQW�IRDUWH�SUHFDXW��IRORVHVF�SUH]HUYDWLY�VL�PDQXVL�FKLUXUJLFDOH��6L�SDUWHQHUD"�&DUH�SDUWHQHUD"�����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU�IDFHWL�YD�URJ�FHYD�FX�QHYDVWD�PHD�� VH�SODQJH�,RQ�XQXL�SVLKLDWUX��1X�PDL�VWLX�FH�VD�IDF�FX�FHOH����GHSLVLFL�DOH�HL��0LURVXO�GLQ�FDVD�D�GHYHQLW�LQVXSRUWDELO��'H�FH�QX�GHVFKLGHWL�JHDPXULOH"�3DL��DU�]EXUD�FHL�����GH�SRUXPEHL�DL�PHL�����9LQH�XQ�FXSOX�OD�PHGLF��SXWLQL�WULVWL�VL�L�]LF��'�OH�GRFWRU��QX�vQWHOHJ�QLPLF�FH�VH�vQWkPSOD��,DFD��QHYDVWD�PHD�vL�EORQGD��HX�V�EUXQHW��GH�FH�D�LHVLW�FRSLOX�URVFDW"�&kQG�DWL�IDFXW�XOWLPD�GDWD�GUDJRVWH"�2�OXQD�vQ�XUPD"�1X��'RXD"�1X��-XPD�GH�DQ"�1X��8Q�DQ"�1X��3DL��DWL�UXJLQLW��PDL�����2�EDED�GH�����GH�DQL�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU��$FHVWD�R�FRQVXOWD�VL�QX�L�YLQH�VD�VL�FUHDGD�RFKLORU��'RFWRUXO��1X�PL�YLQH�VD�FUHG��0DLFD�HVWL�JUDYLGD��&kWL�DQL�DL�PDWDOH"%DWUkQD�������GDU�FH�PDL�vQVHDPQD�����vQ�]LXD�GH�D]L"����8Q� JLQHFRORJ� VH� vQWRDUFH� DFDVD� EHDW� WXUWD�� 9UHR� MXPDWDWH� GH� RUD� VH� FKLQXLH� VD� JDVHDVFD� JDXUD� FKHLL�� ÌQWU�XQ� WkU]LXRIWHD]D��'DFD�DU�IL�DYXW�PDFDU�XQ�ILU�GH�SDU��DV�IL�QLPHULW�R�GLQ�SULPD�����8Q�WLS�OD�GRFWRU��'RP�GRFWRU��VLQW�LQGHFLV�������VDX�QX"�����/D�GRFWRU��1X�VWLX�FH�DP��GRP�GRFWRU��GH�OD�XQ�WLPS�QX�PD�VLPW�ELQH�GH�ORF��,D�GX�WH�ED�LQ�FDPHUD�GH�DODWXUL�VL�FDFD�WH�Q�WDYD�DVWD�6H�GXFH�RPX��VH�FDFD�VL�VH�QWRDUFH��'RFWRUXO�R�LD��R�SXQH�SH�ELURX��,D�SXWLQ�FDFDW�SH�GHJHW��vO�JXVWD��]LFH��0PP���QX�H�GH�OD�ILFDW�0DL�LD�R�JXUD�GH�FDFDW��0PP���QLFL�GH�OD�LQLPD���6L�WRW�DVD��6H�WHUPLQD�FDFDWXO��,D�GX�WH�ED�VL�PDL�FDFD�WH�

Page 112: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�&80�6$�0$�0$,�&$&�%$"�$KD��VWLX��H�GH�OD�QHUYL��������8Q�EkOEvLW�FX�SX D�PDUH�VH�FDVDWRUHVWH��'XSD�FvWHYD�]LOH�QHYDVWD�VD�vO�URDJD��'X�WH�WH�URJ�OD�GRFRU�VL�YH]L�GDFD�WL�R�SRDWH�VFXUWD���FD�PL�H�FDP�OXQJD��%�E�ELQ�H�H�G�GUDJ�J�J�D�$�GRXD�]L�OD�GRFWRU��'�G�GRPQ�Q�QXOH�GRF�F�W�WRU��S�S�S�X�XWH�W�WL�V�V�VD�P�P�PL�VF�F�FXUW�W�WD�D�WL�S�S�X�X� D"�%LQH��GDU�FUHG�FD�HVWH�SDFDW�GH�DVD�R�VFXOD�'XSD�RSHUDWLH�WLSXO�PHUJH�DFDVD�VL�IHULFLW�vVL�GD�VHDPD�FD�QLFL�QX�VH�PDL�EkOELH��7UHFH�R�YUHPH�GXSD�FDUH�QHYDVWD�vL�VSXQH��&UHG�FD�PL�DU�SODFH�VD�ILH�PDL�OXQJD��'X�WH�OD�GRFWRU�VD�YH]L�GDFD�WL�R�SRDWH�OXQJLL����%LQH�GUDJD�0HUJH�WLSXO�OD�GRFWRU�VL�vL�SUH]LQWD�SUREOHPD��'RFWRUXO��$�D�D�V�V�WD�Q�Q�Q�X�X�V�V�H�H�S�S�SRD�W�WH�����8Q�WLS�VXSDUDW�VH�GXFH�WRW�OD�XQ�GRFWRU��FDFL�XQGH�DOWXQGHYD"��'RFWRUH�FH�PD�IDF��DP�SX D�OXQJD����,D�V�R�YHGHP���6L�WLSXO�VFRDWH�R�GLWDPDL�SX D�OXQJD�SH�WRDWD�PDVD�OD�FDUH�GRFWRUXO�UDPkQH�vQPDUPXULW��$P�R�LQWUHEDUH��]LFH�GRFWRUXO�FXP�IDFL�PDWD�SLSL"�'XPQHDYRDVWUD�DYHWL�PDVLQD"�%LQHLQWHOHV��WRDWD�OXPHD�DUH�PDVLQD��6L�FXP�VFRDWHWL�EHQ]LQD�GLQ�UH]HUYRU"�3DL�FXP�DOWIHO��DVSLU�FX�XQ�IXUWXQ����$VD�IDF�VL�HX�SLSL��������,D� VD� YHGHP� FH� VFULH� vQ� FDUWH� GH� ERDOD� GXPQHDYRDVWUD���SHQLVXO� YHUGH� �� WUHEXLH� DPSXWDW���SHQLVXO� DOEDVWUX� �� WUHEXLHDPSXWDW���SHQLVXO�URVX�FX�EXOLQH�PRY���WUHEXLH�DPSXWDW���DK��DLFL��DP�JDVLW��3HQLVXO�DUJLQWLX���18�WUHEXLH�DPSXWDW���3DFLHQWXO�UDVXIOD�XVXUDW��ÌQVHDPQD�FD�VFDS���'HFL�QX�WUHEXLH�DPSXWDW���FDGH�VLQJXU�������ÌQ�WRLXO�QRSWLL�GRFWRUXO�HVWH�FKHPDW�OD�XQ�SDFLHQW��'XSD�FH�O�D�FRQVXOWDW�GRFWRUXO�vQWUHDED��'RPQXOH��WL�DL�IDFXW�WHVWDPHQWXO"�1X��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��HVWH�FKLDU�DWkW�GH�JUDY""�$WXQFL�FKHPDWL�LPHGLDW�XQ�QRWDU�VL�UXGHOH�FHOH�PDL�DSURSLDWH���$VWD�vQVHDPQD�FD�R�VD�PRU�FXUkQG""�1X��DVWD�QX���GDU�QX�YUHDX�VD�ILX�VLQJXUXO�IUDLHU�FDUH�HVWH�VFRV�IDUD�PRWLY�vQ�QRDSWHD�DVWD�GLQ�SDW�����&LFD�HUD�XQ�WLS�IRDUWH�JUDV�FDUH�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU�FD�VD�PDL�VODEHDVFD��7UDWDPHQWXO�HUD�GHVWXO�GH�VFXPS��LDU�WLSXO�vL�VSXQHGRFWRUXOXL� FD� YUHD� VD� VODEHDVFD�� vQ� SULPD� ]L�� �� NJ��'RFWRUXO� vL� VSXQH� FD� H�2.�� vO� EDJD�QWU�R� FDPHUD�� FDUH� HUD� GH� IDSW� XQODELULQW�FX�RJOLQ]L��LPHQV��7LSXO�YHGH�OkQJD�HO�R�EORQGD�GH�QRWD�����JRDOD��FX�R�LQVFULSWLH�SH�HD��'$&$�0$�35,1=,��0$�)8 ,��$OHDUJD�GXSD�HD�WRDWD�]LXD��GDU�Q�R�SULQGH��/D�VIvUVLWXO�]LOHL��VODELVH���NJ��$�GRXD�]L��vL�VSXQH�GRFWRUXOXL�FD�HVWH�PXOWXPLW�GHWUDWDPHQW��GDU�GH�GDWD�DVWD�YUHD�FD�WLSD�VD�ILH�URVFDWD��'RFWRUXO�]LFH�FD�H�2.��vO�EDJD�Q�ODELULQW��DFHHDVL�SRYHVWH��7LSXO�PDL�GDMRV�vQFD���NJ�$�WUHLD�]L��WLSXO�vL�VSXQH�GRFWRUXOXL�FD�YUHD�VD�VODEHDVFD����NJ��'RFWRUXO�vL�VSXQH�FD�DUH�R�UHWHWD�VSHFLDOD�SW����NJ�VL�vO�EDJDGLQ�QRX�vQ�ODELULQW��7LSXO�VH�XLWD� vQ�VWkQJD�VL�Q�GUHDSWD��GDU�QX�YHGH�QLFL�R�WLSD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��VH�vQWRDUFH�VL�YHGH�XQQHJUX�FvW�XVD�GH�OD�OLIW��FX�R�LQVFULSWLH��'$&$�7(�35,1'��7(�)87������6H�IDFHD�FD�XQ�JLQHFRORJ�VH�JvQGHVWH�VD�VH�IDFD�PHFDQLF����6L�VH�GXFH�RPXO�QRVWUX�OD�FXUVXO�GH�PHFDQLFL��,RQHVFX�LD���3RSHVFX�LD�����LDU�JLQHFRORJXO�QRVWUX�VH�FDSWXVHVWH�FX�XQ ����8LPLW��VH�GXFH�VL�HO�OD�SURIHVRU�VL�vQWUHDED�FXP�VH�SRDWH"�7L�DP�GDW���SXQFWH�SHQWUX�FD�DL�GHVIDFXW�PRWRUXO�� vQFD���SHQWUX�FD�O�DL�PRQWDW�OD�ORF�FXP�WUHEXLH�VL�vQFD���FD�ERQXV�FD�DLOXFUDW�SULQ�WHDYD�GH�HVDSDPHQW�����/D� PRUJD� HVWH� DGXV� XQ� WkQDU� JDVLW� PRUW�� 'RFWRULWD� OHJLVWD� YLQH� FX� DVLVWHQWD�� WUDJH� MRV� FHDUVDIXO� GH� SH� WLS� VL� UDPvQDPDQGRXD�vQPDUPXULWH�GH�GLPHQVLXQLOH�FX�DGHYDUDW�PRQVWUXRDVH�DOH�DUJXPHQWXOXL�WLSXOXL��'UDJD��VSXQH�GRFWRULWD��HX�QX�PDL�SRW�UH]LVWD��DVD�FHYD�HX�QX�DP�PDL�vQWkOQLW�GH�FkQG�VXQW����HX�PD�VXL�SH�HO�FD�DOWD�VDQVD�GLQDVWD�QX�YRL�PDL�DYHD�vQ�YLDWD�PHD����6L�VH�VXLH�SH�HO��vL�vQGUHDSWD�SXOD�FDUH�HUD�vQ�ULJLGLWDWH�FDGDYHULFD�VL�VH�VDWLVIDFH�SUHW�GH�RRUD��&vQG�FRERDUD�VH�DGUHVHD]D�DVLVWHQWHL�FDUH�SULYHD�vQPDUPXULWD����'D�XUFD�WH�VL�WX�FD�DVD�FHYD�Q�R�VD�PDL�SXSL����1X�SRW��GRDPQD�GRFWRU���

Page 113: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�'D�GH�FH"�3DL�vL�PRUW����GRDPQD�GRFWRU����'D�O�GUDFXOXL�FD�QX�PDL�VLPWH�QLPLF�����'D�QX�SRW�FD�VvQW�OD�FLFOX����GRDPQD�GRFWRU����'DSRL�VL�FH�L�FD�GRDUD�DYHP�DSD�GH�VSDODW���6L�XLWH�DVD��GLQ�DSURDSH�vQ�DSURDSH��DVLVWHQWD�VH�ODVD�FRQYLQVD�FD�VD�VH�XUFH�VL�HD�SH�SXOD�WLSXOXL����&vQG�FRERDUD�vQFHSH�V�RSXSH�SH�GRFWRULWD�VL�VD�L�PXOWXPHDVFD�SHQWUX�LGHHD�JHQL�W�DOD�SH�FDUH�D�DYXW�R���� ÌQ� WLPS�FH� vVL� WRW�PXOWXPHDX�� WLSXO�GH�SHPDVD�VH�PLVFD��VH�VFRDOD�vQ�FRDWH��GHVFKLGH�RFKLL�VL�PXUPXUD��9DL��YD�PXOWXPHVF�SHQWUX�WUDQVIX]LH�������8Q�EDUEDW�PHUJH�OD�GRFWRU�DYvQG�LQVWUXPHQWXO�FDP�OXQJ�����FP����$MXQV�vQ�IDWD�GRFWRUXOXL��vL�VSXQH�FDUH�HVWH�SUREOHPD�'RFWRUXO�VWD�VL�VH�JvQGHVWH�XQ�WLPS��GXSD�FDUH�vL�VSXQH���QX�WL�IDF�RSHUDWLH��GDU�YH]L�FD�vQ�SDGXUHD�GLQ�VSDWH�HVWH�R�EURVFXWDFDUH��GDFD�vL�VSXL�FD�YUHL�VD�R�LHL�GH�QHYDVWD��YD�]LFH�QX�VL�WL�VH�YD�VFXUWD�FX����FP��0HUJH�RPXO�vQ�SDGXUH��JDVHVWH�EURVFXWD��RvQWUHDED��9UHL�VD�ILL�VRWLD�PHD"OD�FDUH�EURVFXWD�UDVSXQGH��1X�6H�XLWD�RPXO�vQ�SDQWDORQL��PLUDW�FRQVWDWD�FD�vQWU�DGHYDU�V�D�VFXUWDW�FX����FP��%XQD�WUHDED��]LFH�HO��KDL�FD�vL�PDL�VSXQ�R�GDWD�$FHHDVL�SRYHVWH��L�V�D�PDL�VFXUWDW�FX����FP�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH�HO��vQFD�R�GDWD�VL�JDWD��2�vQWUHDED�LDU�SH�EURVFXWD�+DL�EURVFXWR�VD�ILL�VRWLD�PHD�/D�FDUH�EURVFXWD�SOLFWLVLWD��1X��QX�VL�QX��������/D�XQ�VSLWDO�SDFLHQWD�vL�VSXQH�PHGLFXOXL��$]L�PD�VLPW�PDL�ELQH��MXQJKLXULOH�DX�vQFHWDW���6LQJXUXO�OXFUX�FDUH�PD�GHUDQMHD]D�SXWLQ�HVWH�UHVSLUDWLD��+P��GD��3DL��VD�YHGHP�FH�SXWHP�IDFH�VD�vQFHWH]H�VL�DVWD�����ÌQWU�R�VDOD�GH�WULEXQDO�GLQ�$PHULFD�H�FKHPDW�VD�GHSXQD�PDUWXULH�XQ�PHGLF�OHJLVW��$YRFDWXO�DSDUDULL��6XQWHWL�DEVROXW�VLJXU�FD�YLFWLPD�HUD�PRDUWD�FkQG�D�DMXQV�SH�PDVD�GH�DXWRSVLH"'RFWRUXO��'D��'H�XQGH�DWL�VWLXW�FD�YLFWLPD�HUD�PRDUWD�OD�GDWD�OD�FDUH�L�DWL�IDFXW�DXWRSVLD"�,�DWL�OXDW�SXOVXO"�1X��7HQVLXQHD�DWL�vQFHUFDW�VD�L�R�OXDWL"�1X��'H�PRDUWH�FOLQLFD�QX�DWL�DX]LW�"�'H�FH�DWL�IRVW�DVD�GH�VLJXU�FD�H PRDUWD"�3HQWUX�FD�D IRVW�vPSXVFDW�vQ�FDS�VL�L�OLSVHD�R�PDUH�SDUWH�GLQ�FUHLHU��%LQH���GDU�FX�WRDWH�DVWHD�YLFWLPD�SXWHD�IL�vQFD�vQ�YLDWD��QX"�$YHWL�GUHSWDWH��3UREDELO�HUD�vQ�YLDWD�VL�SUDFWLFD�DYRFDWXUD�vQWU�XQ�DOW�VWDW�����'RL�SULHWHQL�GRFWRUL�VWDWHDX�GH�YRUED��8QXO�WRFPDL�WHUPLQDVH�IDFXOWDWHD�VL�HUD�DIRQ�FX�PHVHULD��%DL�5DGXOH��FH�PD�IDF�HX�GDFD�YLQ�OD�PLQH�SDFLHQWLL�VL�QX�VWLX�FH�VD�OH�IDF"�1X�WL�IDFH�SUREOHPH�9DVLOH��OH�VSXL�IRDUWH�FDOP�FD�VX�OLPEULFL�VL�OH�GDL�R�DVSLULQD�$�GRXD�]L�OD�FDELQHW��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��WXVHVF�VL�DP�WHPSHUDWXUD�'RFWRUXO�IRDUWH�VLJXU�SH�HO��$L�KHPRURL]L��&XP�GRPQXOH�VD�DP�KHPRURL]L��QX�YH]L�FD�VXQW�UDFLW"�7DFL�GRPQXOH�GLQ�JXUD��QX�vQWHOHJL�FD�DL�KHPRURL]L��,D�R�DVSLULQD�VL�R�VD�WH�IDFL�ELQH�$OW�SDFLHQW����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU�PD�GRDUH�FDSXO��DP�EDXW�FDP�PXOW�DVHDUD��&X�VLJXUDQWD�DL�KHPRURL]L��1X�SULFHSL�GRFWRUH�FD�DP�EDXW�DVHDUD��7DFL�FD�QX�VWLL�QLPLF��,D�R�DVSLULQD�$OW�SDFLHQW����'RPQXOH�PL�DP�UXSW�SLFLRUXO��6XIHUL�GH�KHPRURL]L�WLQHUH��&H�WUHDED�DX�KHPRURL]LL�FX�SLFLRUXO�PHX�UXSW�GRPQXOH�GRFWRU"�1X�vQWHOHJL�FD�DL�KHPRURL]L��(VWL�QHEXQ"�1X�vQWHOHJL�FD�PL�DP�UXSW�SLFLRUXO�

Page 114: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�&XP�V�D�vQWkPSODW�"�0�DP�VXLW�vQ�FRFSDF�VL�DP�FD]XW��(L�YH]L��DVWD�H��7H�D�PkQFDW�vQ�FXU�VD�WH�VXL�vQ�FRSDF��$L�KHPRURL]L�LD�R�DVSLULQD�����8Q�WLS�LQWUD�GLVSHUDW�SH�XVD�FDELQHWXOXL��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��FH�VD�IDF��PL�DP�RPRUkW�QHYDVWD��$MXWDWL�PD�6WD�GRFWRUXO��VH�JkQGHVWH��IUHDPDWD��HWF��VL�vL�VSXQH��8LWH�DL�DLFL�FXWLD�DVWD�FX�SDVWLOH��$FHVW�PHGLFDPHQW�vWL�GD�SXWHUHD�VD�L�R�WUDJL�OXL�QHYDVWD�WD�GH�GRXD�RUL�SH�]L��'DFD�vQVD�LHLSDVWLOHOH�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�WLPS�GH����]LOH��SRWL�VD�L�R�WUDJL�SkQD�R�RPRUL��$VWIHO�QX�YHL�GD�GH�EDQXLW�)DUD�QLFL�XQ�FXYkQW��JDJLXO�LD�FXWLD�FX�SDVWLOH�VL�R�]EXJKHVWH�SH�XVD��3HVWH�]HFH�]LOH��GRFWRUXO�PHUJHD�OLQLVWLW�SH�VWUDGD�VL�vOYHGH�SH� WLSXO� UHVSHFWLY� vQWU�XQ� VFDXQ� FX� URWLOH�� FX�FHDUFDQH� OD�RFKL��QXPDL�SLHOH�VL�RV��GDUkPDW� WRWDO��6XUSULQV��GRFWRUXO� vOvQWUHDED��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�'RFWRUH��VWDL�OLQLVWLW��QX�H�QLFL�R�SUREOHPD��vQFD�WUHL�]LOH�VL�SROLWLD�QX�YD�EDQXL�QLPLF�����8Q�WLS�GD�WHOHIRQ�GRFWRUXOXL���'RFWRUH��DP�R�SUREOHPD��ILXO�PHX�GH����DQL�DUH�VFXODPHQW�VL�QX�PL�VH�SDUH�QRUPDO�OD�YkUVWD�OXL��ÌQVD�FUHG�FD�VWLX�FLQH�H�GHYLQD��WkUID�DLD�GH�VHUYLWRDUH��6WDL�OLQLVWLW��RPXOH��VH�PDL�vQWkPSOD��1X�SRW�GRFWRUH�VD�VWDX�OLQLVWLW�ILLQGFD�VL�HX�WUHEXLH�VD�UHFXQRVF�FD�P�DP�FXOFDW�FX�VHUYLWRDUHD��VL�DP�DFHOHDVL�VLPSWRPH�FDILXO�PHX��'D�FKLDU�DYHWL�R�SUREOHPD��6L�QX�QXPDL�DWkW��FUHG�FD�L�DP�GDW�VL�OXL�QHYDVWD�PHD�/D�FDUH�GRFWRUXO��2K�QX��vQVHDPQD�FD�DYHP�WRWL�����8Q�WLS�LQWUD�GLVSHUDW�SH�XVD�FDELQHWXOXL��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��VXQW�GLVSHUDW��vQ� ILHFDUH�VHDUD��FkQG�PD�EDJ�vQ�SDW�DP�LPSUHVLD�FD�HVWH�FLQHYD�VXE�SDW�&kQG�PD�XLW�VXE�SDW��DP�LPSUHVLD�FD�HVWH�FLQHYD�SH�SDW�VL�WRW�DVD��FUHG�FD�R�VD�vQQHEXQHVF��'RPQXOH��DVWD�R�YRP�UH]ROYD�IDUD�QLFL�R�SUREOHPD�vQ�WUHL�DQL�GH�VHGLQWH��9LQR�GH�WUHL�RUL�SH�VDSWDPkQD��'DU�FkW�FRVWD�R�VHGLQWD�OD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"�1XPDL�R�VXWD�GH�GRODUL���7LSXO�SOHDFD�GH]DPDJLW��3HVWH�FkWHYD�OXQL�GRFWRUXO�vO�vQWkOQHVWH�GLQ�vQWkPSODUH�SH�UHVSHFWLYXO�SOLPEkQGX�VH�OLQLVWLW�SH�VWUDGD��'H�FH�QX�DL�YHQLW�OD�PLQH�FD�VD�IDFHP�WUDWDPHQXO"�2�VXWD�GH�GRODUL�VHGLQWD"�$P�UH]ROYDW�R�FX����GRODUL��0L�D�VSXV�XQ�EDUPDQ�FXP�VD�VFDS�GH�REVHVLH��3DL�FXP�DVD��XQ�EDUPDQ�"��'D��PL�D�GDW�VROXWLD��DP�WDLDW�SLFLRDUHOH�SDWXOXL�����8Q�WkQDU�PHGLF�H�UHSDUWL]DW�OD�GUDFX�vQ�SUD]QLF�vQWU�XQ�PLF�RUDVHO�PXQFLWRUHVF��7UHF�]LOHOH��WUHF�VDSWDPkQL�VL�OXQL�VL�YLQHSULPDYDUD�&RQFHGLX�QX�DUH��GDU�L�V�D�DFULW�GH�YLDWD�GH�DFROR�VL� L�VH�IDFH�GRU�GH�FLYLOL]DWLH��1X�SRDWH�ODVD�FDELQHWXO�� VH� vQWHOHJH�FX�XQLQJLQHU� VD�L� WLQD� ORFXO�� ÌL� H[SOLFD� FXP� FD�PHGLFLQD� QX� H� FLQH� VWLH� FH�� GDFD� YLQH� XQXO� UDFLW� VD�L� SXQD�SLFDWXUL� vQ� QDV�� GDFDWXVHVWH�VD�L�GHD�VLURS��HWF���7RWXO�PHUJH�VWUXQD�SULPHOH�]LOH��LQJLQHUXO�VH�GHVFXUFD�IRDUWH�ELQH�SkQD�FkQG�YLQH�R�WLQHULFD��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��DP�R�PDUH�SUREOHPD��DP�UDPDV�JUDYLGD�VL�QX�YUHDX�FRSLOXO��1X�VH�SRDWH�IDFH�QLPLF��'RPQLVRDUD�LQVLVWD�SkQD�vO�vQGXSOHFD���'RPQLVRDUD��GH�FkWH�RUL�WH�SLVL�SH�]L"�'H�YUHR�����RUL��&DP�FkW"�&DP�XQ�VIHUW�GH�OLWUX�RGDWD�,QJLQHUXO�LD�FUHLRQXO�VL�R�IRDLH��VH�DGkQFHVWH�vQ�FDOFXOH�VL�DSRL�]LFH��8LWH�FXP�VWDP��QX�WH�SLVL�PDWD����GH�]LOH�VL�VH�vQHDFD�VLQJXU�����/D�JLQHFRORJ�VH�SUH]LQWD�R�WkQDUD��9D�DVFXOW�GRPQLVRDUD��]LFH�GRFWRUXO��'RP�GRFWRU��DP�R�SUREOHPD�OD�SDVDULFD��6WDWL�SXWLQ�GRPQLVRDUD��VD�vQFKLG�JHDPXO��FD�IDF�SL] HOH�DVWHD�GLQ�FRSDF�XQ�]JRPRW�WHULELO�����8Q�WLS�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU��6FRDWH�VFXOD�VL�L�]LFH�GRFWRUXOXL��'RPQX�GRFWRU�IDFHWL�L�FHYD��FD�XLWDWL�FXP�DUDWD�6H�XLWD�GRFWRUXO�VL�YHGH�FD�HUD�IDFXWD�IHUIHQLWD��'D�FH�DL�SDWLW�GXPQXOH�WH�D�PXVFDW�FURFRGLOX�GH�HD"""��1X�GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��6D�YD�H[SOLF��6WLWL�VRWLH�PHOH�vL�SODFH�FD��GXSD�R�UHSUL]D�GH�DPRU�VD�R�LD�VL��VXV��

Page 115: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�%LQH�GRPXOH��vQWHOHJ�H�FHYD�ILUHVF�VL�VRWLHL�PHOH�vL�SODFH�VL�WRWXVL��XLWH�D�PHD�QX�DUH�QLPLF���'D��GDU�VRWLHL�PHOH�L�H�VFkUED�V�R�LD�FX�PkQD�VL�R�LD�FX�IXUFXOLWD�������8Q�LQGLYLG�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU�VL�VH�SOvQJH�FD�DUH�SLFLRUHOH�UHFL��'RFWRUXO�vO�DVFXOWD�VL�vL�VSXQH��([DFW�FHHD�FH�PL�SRYHVWHVWL�GXPQHDWD�DP�DYXW�VL�HX�VL�DP�JDVLW�XQ�OHDF�QHPDLSRPHQLW��6HDUD�OD�FXOFDUH��vPL�EDJ�SLFLRDUHOHSULQWUH�SLFLRDUHOH�QHYHVWHL�PHOH�VL�QX�PDL�DP�QLFL�R�SUREOHPD��3HUIHFW��GRPQX�GRFWRU��]LFH�SDFLHQWXO��GDU�FXP�IDFHP��YLQ�HX�OD�GRDPQD�GRFWRU��VDX�YLQH�GRDPQD�GRFWRU�OD�PLQH"����/D�GRFWRU��XQ�LQGLYLG�SH�OD����GH�DQL�YLQH�FX�R�SUREOHPD�VHULRDVD��'RP�GRFWRU��HX�PD�SLV�vQ�SDW��6vQW�GLVSHUDW��QX�VWLX�FH�VD�PD�PDL�IDF��6RWLD�YUHD�VD�PD�ODVH�'RFWRUXO�vL�IDFH�WRDWH�DQDOL]HOH��GDU�QX�GHSLVWHD]D�QLPLF�VXVSHFW��9�DV�UXJD�VD�UHYHQLWL�SHQWUX�FRQVXOW�SHVWH���]LOH��FvQG�VH�vQWRDUFH�GRPQXO�SURIHVRU�GH� OD�XQ�FRQJUHV��FD�VD�YD�FRQVXOWH�VLGvQVXO��3vQD�DWXQFL��Y�DV�VXJHUD�R�UH]ROYDUH�WHPSRUDUD��&XPSDUDWL�YD�XQ�IXUWXQ��VL�VHDUD��FvQG�YD�EDJDWL�vQ�SDW��YD�WUDJHWL�XQFDSDW�DO�IXUWXQXOXL�SH�S����VL�FHODODW�vO�VFRDWHWL�SH�JHDP�3HVWH���]LOH�RPXO�UHYLQH�OD�GRFWRU�vPEUDFDW�vQ�GROLX��'RP�GRFWRU��P�DL�QHQRURFLW���&H�V�D�vQWvPSODW�"�vQWUHDED�GRFWRUXO��1�D�IXQFWLRQDW�FKHVWLD�FX�IXUWXQXO�"�$P� IDFXW� FH�PL�DWL� ]LV�� UDVSXQGH� SDFLHQWXO�� QXPDL� FD�� vQ� WLPSXO� QRSWLL� WUHFXWH�� QHYDVWD�PHD�PL�D� SXV� PvQD� SH� S���� VL� DvQFHSXW�V�R�SLSDLH��VL�SLSDLH��VL�SLSDLH��SvQD�FH�D�FD]XW�GH�OD�HWDMXO�VDSWH�����(O�VL�HD��VRW�VL�VRWLH��1X�UHXVHDX�VD�IDFD�FRSLL��DVD�FD��V�DX�GXV�OD�GRFWRU��'RFWRUXO�O�D�WULPLV�SH�HO�VD�VH�PDVWXUEH]H�OD:&�VL�VD�DGXFD�OLFKLG�VHPLQDO�SHQWUX�DQDOL]D��LDU�VRWLHL�L�D�UHFROWDW�HO�FH�WUHEXLD�SHQWUX�DQDOL]D��ÌQ�GUXP�VSUH�:&��RPXO�YHGHFXP�vQWU�R�vQFDSHUH�DODWXUDWD�R�VRUD�vL��VHUYHD��R�SDUWLGD�GH�VH[�RUDO�XQXL�SDFLHQW��6H�GXFH���UHFROWHD]D���GDU�OD�vQWRDUFHUH�vOvQWUHDED�FRQWUDULDW�SH�GRFWRU��3DL��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��GH�FH�GLVFULPLQDUHD�DVWD��HX�VD�PD�PDVWXUEH]��LDU�DOXLD�VD�L�VH�UHFROWH]H�VSHUPD�SULQ��SURFHGHH��PXOWPDL�SODFXWH"�'RPQXOH��GXPQHDWD�DL�YHQLW�OD�3ROLFOLQLFD�GH�6WDW��GRPQXO�D�YHQLW�OD�3ROLFOLQLFD�FX�SODWD�����,RQ�VH�RSHUHD]D�GH�KHUQLH��'XSD�R�OXQD�YLQH�OD�FRQWURO��0HGLFXO��1R�,RDQH�FXP�WH�VLPWL"�)RDUWH� ELQH�GRPQ� GRFWRU��0L� V�R� WUDV� ILUHOH�� SRW� ULGLFD�RULFH�� QXPD� XQ�EDL� DP�� vQDLQWH�PD�SLVDP� DVD�XQ� MHW� VDQDWRV�� FXEXOEXFL��DPX�QXPD�XQ�SLV�SLV��,RL�DP�XLWDW�VD�WL�]LF��&kQG�WH�DP�RSHUDW��WL�DP�VFRV�VL�XQ�ULQLFKL��'D�GH�FH��DP�DYXW�FDQFHU�VDX�FHYD"�%D��,RDQH��DP�DYXW�HX�R�REOLJDWLH�������7UHL�SDUWLFLSDQWL�OD�XQ�FRQJUHV�LQWHUQDWLRQDO�GH�FKLUXUJLH�SODVWLFD�vVL�SRYHVWHDX�VXFFHVHOH��$PHULFDQXO��1RL�DP�DYXW�XQ�WLS�FDUH�D�FD]XW�GH�SH�(PSLUH�6WDWH�%XLOGLQJ�VL�O�DP�UHIDFXW�EXFDWD�FX�EXFDWD�5XVXO��1RL�DP�DYXW�XQ�FRVPRQDWXW�FDUH�D�DUV�vQ�FDSVXOD�VSDWLDOD�VL�L�DP�vQORFXLW�WRDWD�SLHOHD��LDU�DFXP�H�FD�QRX�5RPkQXO��1RL�DP�DYXW�R�JDJLFD�FDUH�D�IRVW�DUXQFDWD�GLQ�PDVLQD�VL�V�D�vQILSW�vQWU�R�ERUQD�NLORPHWULFD����6L�FH�FH�L�FX�DVWD"��vQWUHDED�FHLODOWL�GRL�FKLUXUJL��3DL�QH�D�WUHEXLW�R�OXQD�VD�L�VFRDWHP�]kPEHWXO�GH�SH�EX]H�����%XOD�VH�VLPWH�FDP�EROQDY�VL�PHUJH�OD�GRFWRU��$FHVWD�VH�XLWD�OD�HO�VL�VWULJD��6RUD��vPL�DGXFL�WH�URJ�LQVWUXPHQWHOH"/D�FDUH�%XOD�PLUDW��'RFWRUH����(X�VXQW�SH�MXPDWDWH�PRUW�VL�GXPLWDOH�vWL�DUGH�GH�FkQWDW�"��������'RPQXOH�GRFWRU�H�VDQDWRV�SHVWHOH"�vQWUHDED�XQ�SDFLHQW�FX�JkQGXO�O�R�DOLPHQWDWLH�UDWLRQDOD��3UHFLV��]LFH�GRFWRUXO��SkQD�DFXPD�QX�DP�YD]XW�QLFL�XQXO�OD�PLQH�vQ�FDELQHW���%DQFXUL�FX�KRPRVH[XDOL��/D�PDUH��&XP�H�DSD"�&D�XQ�FXU��6D�PL�EDJ�SX D����7RW�OD�PDUH�GRL�SRSRQDUL�

Page 116: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�+DL�VD�QH�GDP�OD�IXQG���/D�IUL]HU��6D�YD�LDX�SH�OD�VSDWH�"���'LQ�FH�VXQW�SDQWRILL"�'LQ�SLHOH�GH�SX D��$WXQFL�GD�PL�VL�PLH�XQ�VXW�vQ�FXU���/D�VWUDQG��&XP�H�DSD"�&D�R�SX D��+DL�VD�VDULP�DPkQGRL�FXU���'RL�KRPRVH[XDOL�VH�FHUWDX�OD�GXV��'H�FH"�1X�YURLD�QLFL�FDUH�VD�VH�DSOHFH�GXSD�VDSXQ���&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�VFRELWRDUH�VL�XQ�KRPRVH[XDO��6L�XQXO�VL�FHDODOWD�VFRUPRQHVF�vQ�PkQFDUHD�GHMD�FRQVXPDWD���Ì�&H�vQVHDPQD�WUHL�KRPRVH[XDOL�DVH]DWL�XQXO�SHVWH�FHODODOW"5�&HO�GLQ�PLMORF�DUH�]LXD�GH�QDVWHUH����7DWD�FH�H�DLD�XQ�WUDQVYHVWLW"�ÌQWHDED�SH�PDPD��HO�VWLH������Ì�&H�H�UHODWLY"5�&kQG�WUHL�KRPRVH[XDOL�VWDX�XQXO�GXSD�FHODODOW��FHO�FDUH�VH�DIOD�vQ�PLMORF��VWD�5(/$7,9�ELQH����6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRL�KRPRVH[XDOL�GH���DQL��+HL���LHUL�DP�DYXW�XQXO�GH���DQLVRUL�6SXQH�FHODODOW��1X���PLH�QX�PL�SODF�FkQG�GHMD�XPEOD�����Ì�7UDLHVF�KRPRVH[XDOLL�PDL�ELQH"5�'D��SHQWUX�FD�HL�QX�DX�IHPHL����'UDJD�PHD�WL�DP�VSXV�FD�VHIXO�H�KRPRVH[XDO��VL�vQ�VIkUVLW�DP�UHXVLW�VD�SULPHVF�PDULUHD�GH�VDODULX�GDU�PD�GRDUH�DDDDVD�GHWDUH�FXUXO�������+HL�1DH��PDL�PHUJL�OD�IHPHL""�'RDU�FkQG�H�RFXSDW�OD�EDUEDWL�������Ì�&XP�VH�PDL�]LFH�vQ�3DUODPHQWXO�5RPkQLHL�OD�KRPRVH[XDOL"5�$QDOLVWL����$�SURSRV�GH�GLVFXWLLOH�GHVSUH�&LRUDQ��FUHG�FD�VWLWL�FD�VXQWHP�VLQJXUXO�SRSRU�GH�KRPRVH[XDOL�� WRDWH�FHOHODOWH�VH�WUDJ�GLQ$GDP�VL�(YD��GRDU�QRL�GH�OD�'HFHEDO�VL�7UDLDQ����Ì�&H�QX�DU�WUHEXL�VD�VSXQHWL�vQ�WLPS�FH�IDFHWL�VH[�5�&XP�VH�IDFH�FD�DPvQGRL�DYHP�SHQLV"���Ì�&XP�WUHF�WUHL�KRPRVH[XDOL�XQ�UkX�FDUH�OH�YLQH�SkQD�OD�JkW�IDUD�VD�VH�XGH�QLFL�XQXO�OD�S D"5�+RPRVH[XDOXO���vL�EDJD�SX D�vQ�FXU�KRPRVH[XDOXOXL���VL�KRPRVH[XDOXO���L�R�EDJD�KRPRVH[XDOXOXL������Ì�&XP�vWL�EDW�MRF�GH�XQ�KRPRVH[XDO"5�ÌO�DUXQFL�vQWU�R�JURDSD�IDUD�IXQG����Ì�&DUH�H�FHO�PDL�PDL�PDUH�KRPRVH[XDO�"5�5(&7RUXO����Ì��&XP�XUHD]D�KRPRVH[XDOLL��$Q�1RX��"5�$QXV�QRXV�VL�/D�0XOWL�$QL�

Page 117: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���Ì�&XP�VH�LQYLWD�KRPRVH[XDOLL�OD�PDVD"5�ÌQ�EXFL�FHYD"���'RL�SRSRQDUL�PHUJ�OD�PXQWH�8QXO�GLQWUH�HL�vQWUHDED��3RSRVLP"���Ì�&DUH�HVWH�UHYLVWD�SRSRQDULORU"5��$ULFL�3RSRQLFL�����Ì�&XP�QXPHVF�KRPRVH[XDOLL�KHPRURL]LL"5�)UkQH�������'LQ�MXUQDOXO�LQWLP�D�OXL�%RE��QDXIUDJLDW�SH�R�LQVXOD�SXVWLH��DODWXUL�GH�-RH����VHSW��6XQWHP�EXFXURVL�FD�DP�VFDSDW�FX�YLDWD���VHSW���ÌQFHS�VD�PD�vQGUDJRVWHVF�GH�-RH����VHSW���1X�PDL�SRW�UH]LVWD��VLPW�FD�vQQHEXQHVF��QX�PD�PDL�SRW�FRQWUROD���VHSW���0L�D�OXDW�R�vQDLQWHHHHH����������8Q�RP�vQ�YkUVWD�GRUHVWH�VD�HPLJUH]H��/D�FRPSOHWDUHD�IRUPDOLWDWLORU�HVWH�vQWUHEDW�GH�FDWUH�RILFLDOLWDWL�GH�FH��'DWRULWD�KRPRVH[XDOLWDWLL����""""""�3DL��vQ�WLPSXO�QD]LVWLORU�VH�SHGHSVHD�FKLDU�FX�PRDUWHD��GXSD�DFHHD�FX�FDUDQWLQD��DSRL�FX�vQFKLVRDUH� LDU�DFXP�HVWH�SHUPLVDSULQ�OHJH��$V�GRUL�VD�HPLJUH]�SkQD�QX�GHYLQH�REOLJDWRULH����/D�WULEXQDO�XQ�KRPRVH[XDO�HVWH�vQWUHEDW�GH�MXGHFDWRU��,QFXOSDW��GH�FH�DL�YLRODW�R�SH�ELDWD�FDOXJDULWD"�'RDU�WLH�QX�WL�SODF�IHPHLOH��3DL��GH�OD�VSDWH�VHPDQD�FX�=RUUR����&LFD�XQX�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU�VL�L�VSXQH��'RP�GRFWRU�DP�VD�YD�VSXQ�FHYD��GD�VD�QX�]LFHWL�OD�QLPHQL��'D��GRPQH���HWLFD�SURIHVLRQDOD��QX"�'RP�GRFWRU��HX�VLQW�SRSRQDU��&XP��GRPQH"�'�WD�FDUH�HVWL�EDUEDW�ELQH��WUDSH]��PXVFKL��FXP�SRWL�IL�WX�SRSRQDU"�3DL�VD�YHGHWL��OD�QRL�H�R�FKHVWLH�GH�WUDGLWLH���6WUDEXQLFX�D�IRVW�SRSRQDU�EXQLFX��WDWD��HX��ILX�PLX��SkQD�VL�PRV�,RQ�5RDWD�FDUHHUD�UXGD�vQGHSDUWDWD�D�IRVW���'D�ELQH�GRPQH��ÌQ�IDPLOLD�G�WDOH�QX�L�SODF�QLPDQXL�IHWHOH"�%D�GD��OX�EXQLFD����%XOD���7DWD�DP�GRXD�YHVWL��XQD�EXQD�VL�XQD�SURDVWD��=L�R�SH�DLD�SURDVWD��$VHDUD�DP�IRVW�OD�XQ�EDO�GH�KRPRVH[XDOL��6L�DLD�EXQD�"�0�DX�DOHV�UHJLQD�EDOXOXL����'RL�KRPRVH[XDOL�PHUJHDX�vQWU�R�EXQD�]L�GH�PkQD�SH�VWUDGD������6L�YDG�R�S ] D�WkUkQGX�VH�SH�WURWXDU��6WXSHILDWL��SULPXO�LQWUD�vQ�SDQLFD��8LWH�R�SL] D���&HODODOW�]LFH��202$5�2�����202$5�2������8Q�KRPRVH[XDO�VL�XQ�KHWHUR�PHUJHDX�FX�OLIWXO��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�KHWHURVH[XDOXO��$VD�DP�R�SRIWD�GH�D�IX H��DV�SXWHD�VD�I W�VL�R�Ek]D�/D�FDUH�KRPRVH[XDOXO��%]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]������8Q�KRPRVH[XDO�VWDWHD�vQ�FDGD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�ODVD�R�EDVLQD��9DL��FRSLODVXO�PHX��GHMD�UHVSLUD���������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�IXUFXOLWD�VL�XQ�KRPRVH[XDO")XUFXOLWD�VFXUPD�vQ�PkQFDUHD�GH�D]L��LDU�KRPRVH[XDOX�vQ�FHD�GH�LHUL�

Page 118: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���'RL�KRPRVH[XDOL��$L�DIODW�YHVWHD�FHD�PDUH"�6�D�YRWDW�QRXD�OHJH��DFXP�DYHP�YRLH�RILFLDO��3XWLQ�vPL�SDVD��(X�XQXO�YRL�OXSWD�PDL�GHSDUWH��3kQD�FkQG"�3kQD�FkQG�YD�GHYHQL�REOLJDWRULX����&LFD�XQ�EDLDW�PDL�ILUDY�DVD��PHUJHD�SULQWU�XQ�SDUF����3H�SULPD�EDQFD��XQ�KRPR��+HL�EDE\��QX�YLL�ODQJD�PLQH"7LSXO�vQFHSH�VD�R�LD�OD�SDV����3H�D�GRXD�EDQFD��GRL�KRPR��+HL�IDWD��QX�YLL�FX�QRL�"%DLDWXO�R�LD�OD�IXJD����3H�D�WUHLD�EDQFD�WUHL�KRPR��+HL�SDSXVD��QX�YLL�FX�QRL"7LSXO�LHVH�UHSHGH�GLQ�SDUF�VL�YHGH�XQ�SROLWLVW��DOHDUJD�OD�HO�VL�vL�VSXQH�WRW�FH�D�SDWLW��OD�FDUH�SROLWLVWXO�H[FODPD�WULXPIDO��3kUkFLRDVD�PLFD�FH�HVWL������'RL�FXULVWL�VWDX�SH�EDQFD�vQ�&LVPLJLX�vQ�PLH]XO�]LOHL�VL�VL�R�WUDJ�vQ�FXU��3ROLWLVWXO�YLQH��vQQHEXQHVWH��OH�GD�FvWHYD�FUDYDVH�VL]ELDUD��&H�IDFHWL"�%DQFXUL��&XP�EDQFXUL"�%D�Q�FXU�OD�HO��ED�Q�FXU�OD�PLQH�����Ì�'H�FH�D�IRVW�FRQFHGLDW�XQ�KRPRVH[XDO�FDUH�OXFUD�OD�%DQFD�GH�VSHUPD"5�$�EDXW�vQ�WLPSXO�VHUYLFLXOXL����Ì�&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLWUH�XQ�KRPRVH[XDO�VL�XQ�EXQJHH�MXPSHU"5�'DFD�VH�UXSH�JXPD�VXQW�DPkQGRL�vQ�FDFDW����Ì�$WL�DX]LW�GH�FHL�WUHL�KRPRVH[XDOL�GLQ�&RQVWDQWD�FDUH�DX�DWDFDW�R�IHPHLH"5�"�"'RL�DX�WLQXW�R�VL�XQXO�L�D�WXQV�SDUXO������Ì�&XP�VH�vQWUHDED�vQWU�XQ�UHVWDXUDQW�GH�KRPRVH[XDOL�GDFD�XQ�ORF�H�OLEHU"5�3RW�VD�PD�vQILJ�vQ��VFDXQXO��WDX"���'RXD�SUH]HUYDWLYH�VH�SOLPED�SH�VWUDGD�VL�WUHF�SH�OkQJD�XQ�UHVWDXUDW�GH�KRPRVH[XDOL��8QXO�]LFH��$L�JULMD�GDFD�LQWUL�WH�XPSOL�GH�FDFDW�SH�IDWD"���'RL�LQGLYL]L��XQ�VDGLF�VL�XQ�KRPR��6H�IDFX�QRDSWH�VL�QX�DYHDX�XQGH�VH�RGLKQL�9D]XUD�HL�R�IDEULFD�SDUDVLWD�VL�VH�UHIXJLDVHUD�vQ�HD��+RPRVH[XDOXO��(X�PD�FDP�SOLFWLVHVF��&H�]LFL�GH�XQ�MRF"�'H�H[HPSOX"�(X�vWL�IDF�FH�YUHDX�HX�WLH�VL�GXSD�FDUH�vPL�IDFL�WX�FH�YUHL�WX�PLH��'H�DFRUG�ÌQFHSX�KRPDODXO�VD�O�LD�SH�VDGLF��SH�OD�VSDWH�����PLQXWH��SH�OD�IDWD����PLQXWH��DOWH�SR]LWLL���YUHR���RUH�vQ�WRWDO�2ERVLW��+�VH�GD�OD�R�SDUWH�VL�VSXQH��(X�PL�DP�IDFXW�SODFHUHD��DFXP�XUPH]L�WX�6DGLFXO�vL�OXD�SHQLVXO�VL�vO�SULQVH�vQ�PDQGULQD�XQHL�PHQJKLQH��GXSD�FDUH�OXD�FKHLD�GH�OD�PDQGULQD�VL�R�DUXQFD�FvW�GH�GHSDUWHSXWX�6DGLFXO�OXD�XQ�ILHUDVWUDX�vQ�PvQD�VL�YHQHD�VSUH�+RPR��$FHVWD��6L�FH�DL�VD�IDFL�DFXP��R�VD�PL�R�WDL"�1X��DL�VD�WL�R�WDL�VLQJXU��(X�GDX�IRF�OD�IDEULFD����8QXO�QDXIUDJLD]D�SH�R�LQVXOD�QHORFXLWD�vPSUHXQD�FX�vQFD�VDVH�IHPHL��VXSUDYLHWXLWRDUH�VL�HOH�DOH�FDWDVWURIHL�5DLXO�SH�SDPkQW�SDUH�D�IL�WRWXVL�PXOW�PDL�JUHX�GHFkW�VL�DU�IL�vQFKLSXLW�ÌQWU�R�]L�GH�GXPLQLFD��RERVLW�GH�SH�XUPD�SDUWLGHORU�GH�VH[�GLQ�FXUVXO�VDSWDPvQLL��VWkQG�HO�DVD�SH�PDOXO�RFHDQXOXL�REVHUYD�FXP�GLQ�YDOXULOH�vQVSXPDWH�VH�ULGLFD�XQ�EDUEDW�WkQDU�VL�PXVFKLXORV��(VWL�VDOYDWRUXO�PHX��vO�vQWkPSLQD�IHULFLW��0D�EXFXU�QHVSXV��UDVSXQGH�WvQDUXO��VvQWHWL�vQWU�DGHYDU�XQ�EDUEDW�IUXPRV������6H�vQWkPSOD�XQ�DFFLGHQW��ÌQWU�R�PDVLQD�GRL�FXULVWL�LDU�vQ�FHODODOWD�XQXO�EHDW�%HDWXO�WLQH�QHDSDUDW�FD�SROLWLD�VD�QX�ILH�FKHPDWD�OD�ORFXO�DFFLGHQWXOXL�VL�vQFHDUFD�VD�L�PLWXLDVFD�SH�FHL�GRL�

Page 119: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�9D�GDX��������+DL�VD�QX�FKHPDP�SROLWLD�&HL�GRL�UkG�VL�QX�DFFHSWD��9D�GDX�������GDU�VD�QX�FKHPDP�SROLWLD�&HL�GRL�LDU�UkG�VL�QX�DFFHSWD��0DL�EDLHWL�GDFD�vPL�LD�FDUQHWXO�UDPkQ�SH�GUXPXUL�VL�DP�QHYDVWD�VL�FRSLL�YD�GDX�������&HL�GRL�LDUDVL�UHIX]D�Uk]kQG��%HDWXO�VH�HQHUYHD]D�OD�FXOPH�VL�OH�]LFH��9D�I W�vQ�FXU�SH�DPkQGRL��8LWH�DVD�VH�PDL�SRDWH�GLVFXWD������'RL�KRPRVH[XDOL�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�SDGXUH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�XQXO�GLQ�HL��ÌPL�YLQH�VD�PD�FDF�5DVSXQGH�FHODODOW��'X�WH�GXSD�FRSDFXO�DOD�6H�GXFH�DOD�GXSD�FRSDF��&HODODOW�DVWHDSWD�VL�DVWHDSWD���'XSD�R�EXQD�EXFDWD�GH�WLPS�YLQH�FHODODOW�FX�IDWD�URVLH��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FX�WLQH"�vQWUHDED�SULHWHQXO�VDX��+HL��QX�VWLX�GDU�FUHG�FD�DP�QDVFXW�XQ�FRSLO�3ULHWHQXO�VDX��1X�VH�SRDWH��PD�GXF�VD�YDG�6H�GXFH�OD�ORFXO�FX�SULFLQD�VL�YLQH�Uk]kQG��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW��vQWUHDED�DFXP�FHODODOW��1LPLF��7H�DL�FDFDW�QXPDL�SH�R�EURDVFD�������8Q�WDUDQ�vVL�FXSDUD�SHQWUX�FXUWHD�VD��FX�RUDWDQLL��XQ�FRFRV�%DWUvQXO�FRFRV�vL�IDFH�LQVWUXFWLD��3RWL�VD�DL�WRDWH�JDLQLOH�vQ�DIDUD�GH�%HUWD��(D�vPL�DSDUWLQH�PLH���7kQDUXO�IRDUWH�vQIXPXUDW�VSXQH��ÌQ�QLFL�XQ�FD]��/H�YUHDX�SH�WRDWH��$WXQFL�KDL�VD�IDFHP�XQ�UDOLX�vQ�MXUXO�FXUWLL��&DUXL�FDUH�YD�FkVWLJD�vL�YRU�DSDUWLQH�WRDWH�JDLQLOH�$PkQGRL�R�LDX�OD�JRDQD��&RFRVXO�EDWUkQ�DOHDUJD�FHYD�PDL�vQ�IDWD�GDU�FHO�WkQDU�vO�DMXQJH�XVRU�GLQ�XUPD���6H�DXGH�R�vPSXVFDWXUD�VL�FRFRVXO�WkQDU�FDGH�PRUW��,QWHUHVDQW��]LFH�WDUDQXO��DO�WUHLOHD�FRFRV�KRPRVH[XDO�SH�VDSWDPkQD�DVWD������'RL�FXULVWL�LDX�XQ�WD[L�VL�VH�DVHD]D�SH�EDQFKHWD�GLQ�VSDWH��'XSD�]HFH�PLQXWH�XQXO�GLQ�HL��0D�VFX]DWL��GRPQXOH�WD[LPHWULVW��QX�VWLX�FXP�VD�]LF��PL�H�UXVLQH��$P�PkQFDW�IRDUWH�FRSLRV�VL�DU�WUHEXL�VD�WUDJ�R�EDVLQD��1LFL�R�SUREOHPD��]LFH�WD[LPHWULVWXO��vQ�PDVLQD�OD�PLQH�QX�VXQW�UHJXOL�DVD�GH�VWULFWH�'LQ�FXUXO�KRPRVH[XDOXOXL�LHVH��DSURDSH�QHDX]LWD�R�EHVLQD��'XSD�]HFH�PLQXWH�FHODODOW�KRPRVH[XDO��'RPQXOH�WD[LPHWULVW��SULHWHQXO�PHX�WRFPDL�YL�D�VSXV��DP�PkQFDW�IRDUWH�FRSLRV��$FXP�DV�YUHD�VL�HX�VD�ODV�R�EHVLQD�FD�QX�PDPDL�SRW�WLQH��%HVLWL�YD��GLQ�SDUWHD�PHD��FkW�YUHWL�'LQ�QRX�XQ�VXQHW�IRDUWH�VODE�'XSD�]HFH�PLQXWH�WD[LPHWULVWXO��'RPQLORU��vPL�SDUH�IRDUWH�UDX�GDU�WUHEXLH�DFXP�VL�HX�VD�WUDJ�R�EDVLQD��0D�DSDVD�IRDUWH�WDUH��1LFL�R�SUREOHPD�VL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�QH�DWL�SHUPLV�$WXQFL�WUDJH�XQD�WD[LPHWULVWXO�GH�VH�]JXGXLH�JHDPXULOH�WD[LXOXL��$WXQFL�XQXO�GLQ�KRPRVH[XDOL�H[FODPD��$VD�FHYD��$VWD�H�vQFD�IDWD�PDUH������8Q�WLS�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�EDU�VL�]LFH��6DVH�ZKLVNLXUL�GXEOH�/D�FDUH�EDUPDQXO��7UHEXLH�FD�DL�DYXW�R�]L�GDWD�QDLELL��'D��WRFPDL�DP�DIODW�FD�IUDWHOH�PHX�PDL�PDUH�H�KRPRVH[XDO�$�GRXD�]L�DFHODVL�WLS�LQWUD�vQ�DFHODVL�EDU�VL�FHUH�DFHOHDVL�EDXWXUL��%DUPDQXO�vQWUHDED�DFHODVL�OXFUX�VL�WLSXO�UDVSXQGH��'D��WRFPDL�DP�DIODW�FD�VL�IUDWHOH�PHX�PDL�PLF�H�KRPRVH[XDO�$�WUHL�]L�VFHQD�VH�UHSHWD��%DUPDQXO�]LFH��/D�GUDFX��$�PDL�UDPDV�FLQHYD�vQ�IDPLOLD�WD�FDUXLD�VD�L�SODFD�IHPHLOH"�'D��QHYDVWD�PHD�������2�FDOXJDULWD�VH�XUFD�vQWU�XQ�WD[L��VL�VRIHUXO�QX�R�VODEHVWH�GLQ�RFKL�0LUDWD��vO�vQWUHDED�FH�DUH��0DLFXWD��DP�VL�HX�R�vQWUHEDUH��GDU�QX�YUHDX�VD�WH�VLPWL�SURVW��&RSLOXO�PHX��FkQG�DL�YkUVWD�PHD�VL�DL�IRVW�WRDWD�YLDWD�FDOXJDULWD��DL�DX]LW�FkWH�VL�FkWH��QLPLF�QX�PD�PDL�SRDWH�IDFH�VD�PD�VLPWSURVW��6SXQH�FH�DL�SH�VXIOHW��$P�VL�HX�R�IDQWH]LH�FH�P�D�XUPDULW�WRDWD�YLDWD��7RW�WLPSXO�PL�DP�GRULW�VD�PD�FXOF�FX�R�FDOXJDULWD��]LVH�VRIHUXO�

Page 120: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�3DL�LD�VD�YHGHP�FH�SXWHP�IDFH�SHQWUX�WLQH��0DL�vQWkL�WUH�VD�vQGHSOLQHVWL���FRQGLWLL��QX�WUHEXLH�VD�ILL�vQVXUDW��GRL�WUHEXLH�VD�ILLFDWROLF�VL�WUHL�HX�VXQW�YLUJLQD�VL�DV�YUHD�VD�UDPkQ�DVD�GHFL�WUHEXLH�VD�IDFHP�DQDO��3HUIHFW���XUOD�VRIHUXO��1X�VLQW�vQVXUDW�VL�VXQW�VL�FDWROLF�FkW�GHVSUH�D�WUHLD�FRQGLWLH�QLFL�R�SUREOHPD��3DL�WUDJH�SH�GUHDSWD�DWXQFL��vL�]LVH�FDOXJDULWD��7UDJH�HO�SH�GUHDSWD��VH�SXQ�HL�SH�WUHDED��VL�DSRL� vVL�FRQWLQXD�GUXPXO��/D�XQPRPHQW�GDW��vQFHSH�VRIHUXO�VD�SOkQJD��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�3DL�PDLFXWD��DP�SDFDWXLW��$P�PLQWLW��6XQW�vQVXUDW��DP�FRSLL�VL�VXQW�VL�HYUHX��1X�L�QLPLF��]LVH�FDOXJDULWD��SH�PLQH�PD�FKHDPD�-RKQ�VL�PHUJ�OD�XQ�EDO�PDVFDW����8Q�FRZER\�LQWUD�LQWU�XQ�EDU��GD�FX�SXPQXO�vQ�PDVD�VL�FHUH��8Q�ZKLVN\��VL�R�IHPHLH��:KLVN\�DYHP��GDU�IHPHL�QX��ÌQVD�YL�O�UHFRPDQG�SH�-RKQ��vL�VSXQH�EDUPDQXO��)LL�VHULRV��GRDU�QX�VXQW�KRPVH[XDO�'XSD�R�VDSWDPkQD��8Q�ZKLVN\�VL�R�IHPHLH��FHUH�DFHODVL�FRZER\��:KLVN\�DYHP��GDU�IHPHL�QX��ÌQVD�YL�O�UHFRPDQG�SH�-RKQ�vL�VSXVH�EDUPDQXO��)LL�VHULRV��GRDU�QX�V�KRPRVH[XDO�'XSD�vQFD�R�VDSWDPkQD��8Q�ZKLVN\�VL�R�IHPHLH��:KLVN\�DYHP��GDU�IHPHL�QX��ÌQVD�YL�O�UHFRPDQG�FDOGXURV�SH�-RKQ��%LQH�ILH��VSXQH�FRZER\�XO�DSOHFkQGX�VH�VSUH�EDUPDQ��vQVD�WH�URJ�VD�QX�DIOH�QLPHQL��FDFL�HX�QX�VXQW�KRPRVH[XDO��3DL�R�VD�ILH�FDP�JUHX��VSXQH�EDUPDQXO��VFDUSDQkQGX�VH�vQ�FDS��'H�FH"�ÌQ�SULPXO�UkQG��VWLX�HX�GH�FKHVWLD�DVWD��0DL�VWLL�GXPQHDWD��GXSD�DFHHD�-RKQ��6L�SH�GHDVXSUD��YRU�PDL�DIOD�VL�DOWL�SDWUX��ÌQFD�DOWL�SDWUX"�'D��&HL�SDWUX�EDUEDWL�FDUH�WHEXLH�VD�O�WLQD�SH�-RKQ��SHQWUX�FD�QLFL�HO�QX�L�KRPRVH[XDO����'RL�SULHWHQL�KRPRVH[XDOL�VH�vQWkOQHVF�GXSD�PXOW�WLPS��8QXO�GLQWUH�HL�SRYHVWHVWH�FD�V�D�ODVDW�FLUFXPFL]LDW��0LQXQDW��VSXQH�FHODODOW��DVWD�WUHEXLH�QHDSDUDW�VD�PL�DUDWL�&LUFXPFLVXO�vVL�ODVD�SDQWDORQL�MRV��2RR��VH�PLQXQHD]D�FHODODOW��WH�vQWLQHUHVWH�FX�FkW�YD�DQL����8Q�KRPRVH[XDO�OD�GRFWRU��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FvQG�PD�XLW�vQ�RJOLQGD�PL�VH�VFRDOD�S D��3DL�QXL�GH�PLUDUH���QX�YHGHWL�FD�IDWD�GYV��DUDWD�FD�XQ�FXU""����8Q�KRPRVH[XDO�YLQH�OD�FDELQHWXO�PHGLFDO��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU�PD�DSDVD�JURD]QLF�FHYD�vQ�UHFW��9D�URJ�DMXWDWL�PD�'RFWRUXO�vL�IDFH�XQ�FRQWURO�H[WHUQ�VL�QHYD]kQG�QLPLF�vVL�WUDJH�SH�PkQD�R�PDQXVD�GH�FDXFLXF�VL�GD�VD�FDXWH�SH�UHFW�XPIODWXULVDX�DOWH�FKHVWLL��'D��FDP�SH�DFROR�GRPQ�GRFWRU��GD�PDL�DGkQF��GD�PDL�OD�GUHSWD��PDL�DGkQF��GD��GD��GD�GDDDDDD���'RFWRUXO�D�SULQV�FHYD�FROWXURV�VL�VFRDWH�RELHFWXO�DIDUD�]LFkQG��%LQH�GDU�DVWD�H�R�SUDOLQD��2�PLFD�DWHQWLH�SHQWUX�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU������*HRUJH�H�KRPRVH[XDO��0DPD��DV�SXWHD�VD�PL�FXPSDU�URFKLD�DFHHD�GLQ�YLWULQD"�&UHG�FD�H�GHMD�FDP�GHPRGDWD��*HRUJH����3H�R�LQVXOD�JUHFHDVFD��VH�DGXQD�R�JURD]D�GH�KRPRVH[XDOL� OD�R�WDEDUD�GH�YDUD����3H�LQVXOD�H[LVWD�R�ELVHULFD�RUWRGR[D��LDUSUHRWLL�HUDX�VFDQGDOL]DWL�GH�WRW�FHHD�FH�VH�vQWkPSOD�SH�SODMHOH�GLQ�MXU��6HIXO�ELVHULFLL�VH�KRWDUDVWH�VD�WULPLWD�XQ�SUHRW�FDUH�VDWHPSHUH]H�OXFUXULOH�VL�VD�vQFHUFH�VD�FRQYHUWHDVFD�KRPDODLL�OD�R�YLDWD�QRUPDOD��$FHVWD�SDWUXQGH�vQWUH�KRPRVH[XDOL�VL�vQFHSHVD�L�DIXPH�FX�FDGHOQLWD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��VH�DSURSLH�GH�SRSD�XQ�KRPRVH[XDO�FDUH�vL�VSXQH��9H]L��GRPQLVRDUD��FD�WL�V�D�DSULQV�SRVHWXWD�������8Q�FRQWH�SULYHVWH�PLFXO�JUXS�GH�WXULVWL�FDUH��FRQIRUP�SURJUDPXOXL��SRW�YL]LWD�YHFKLXO�FDVWHO�R�]L�SH�VDSWDPkQD��ÌQ�WLPS�FHR�IDFH�SH�JKLGXO��REVHUYD�XQ�WkQDU�DO�FDUXL�FKLS�L�VH�SDUH�WXOEXUDWRU�GH�FXQRVFXW��6H�DSURSLH�GH�HO�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��1X�FXPYD�PDPD�GXPLWDOH��vQ�WLQHUHWH��D�OXFUDW�OD�FDVWHOXO�PHX��vQ�FDOLWDWH�GH�FDPHULVWD"�1X��GRPQXOH��PDPD�Q�D�GRVW�QLFLRGDWD�DLFL��ÌQ�VFKLPE�� WDWDO�PHX��FvQG�HUD�IODFDX��D� �IRVW�JUDGLQDU� OD�DFHVW�FDVWHO��(UD�XQWkQDU�IRDUWH�FKLSHV����Ì�&H�IDF�GRL�KRPRVH[XDOL�FDUH�VH�MRDFD�FX�XQ�FDFDW�vQWU�XQ�ED]LQ"�ÌVL�vQYDWD�FRSLOXO�VD�vQRDWH���

Page 121: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�GRL�KRPRVH[XDOL�PH[LFDQL"5�8QXO�]LFH��&XFXUXFXFX������LDU�FHODODOW�]LFH��DL�LDL�LDL�LDL�LDL�����8Q�KRPRVH[XDO�VH�vQGUDJRVWHVWH�vQWU�R�IHPHLH��6H�FDVDWRUHVF�HL�VL�HD�DVWHDSWD�XQ�FRSLO��ÌQ�VIkUVLW�QDVWH�HD�FRSLOXO��VRWXO�RYL]LWHD]D�vQ�VSLWDO�VL�YUHD�VD�vVL�YDGD�FRSLOXO��ÌQ�VDORQ�VH�DIOD����GH�FRSLL�GLQ�FDUH����SOkQJ�VL�]ELDUD�LDU�XQXO�H�IRDUWH�OLQLVWLW�VL]kPEHVWH��$FHVWD�H�FRSLOXO�OXL�ÌQJULMRUDW�vQWUHDED�VRUD�FH�SRDWH�VD�vQVHPQH�DVWD��GDFD�H�JUDY��6RUD�vO�OLQLVWHVWH��)DSWXO�FD�DFHVW�FRSLODV�H�DVD�GH�OLQLVWLW�VL�HFKLOLEUDW�HVWH�IRDUWH�QRUPDO��$VWHSWDWL�vQVD�XQ�PRPHQW��QXPDL�VD�L�VFRW�VX]HWD�GLQFXUXOHW������0HUJH�XQ�RP�SULQ�SDGXUH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YHGH�WDEOLWH�LQGLFDWRDUH��$WHQWLH�+RPRVH[XDOL�����$K��vVL�]LFH�HO�FLQH�VWLH�FH�GHUDQMDWL�PLQWDO���0DL�GHSDUWH�GLQ�QRX��$WHQWLH�+RPRVH[XDOL�����$FHODVL�QHEXQ���6H�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�SDGXUDUXO��'RPQXOH�SDGXUDU��DWL�DX]LW�FXPYD��VXQW�KRPVH[XDOL�SULQ�SDGXUH"�1X�VWLX�VWDL�VD�R�vQWUHE�SH�QHYDVWD�PHD��,RDDDDQH�DL�DX]LW�WX�FXPYD������0HUJH�XQ�RP�SULQ�SDGXUH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YHGH�WDEOLWH�LQGLFDWRDUH�EDWXWH�vQ�FXLH�SH�FRSDFL��$WHQWLH�+RPRVH[XDOL�����$K��vVL�]LFH�HO�FLQH�VWLH�FH�FRSLL�VL�DX�IDFXW�GH�OXFUX���0DL�GHSDUWH�GLQ�QRX�VXV�SH�FRSDF�R�WDEOLWD�LQGLFDWRDUH��$WHQWLH�+RPRVH[XDOL�����$FHODVL�QHEXQ�FDUH�QX�DUH�DOFHYD�PDL�EXQ�GH�OXFUX���0DL�PHUJH�FH�PDL�PHUJH�RPXO�QRVWUX�VL�YHGH�R�WDEOLWD�DVFXQVD�vQ�LDUED��6H�DSOHDFD�VD�YDGD�PDL�ELQH�FH�VWD�VFULV�SH�HD��$WHQWLH�KR���DXXXXXXX��SUHD�WkU]LX��������$MXWRU���$MXWRU���VWULJD�FLQHYD�vQ�SDGXUH��7RFPDL�WUHFH�SH�DFROR�SDGXUDUXO�VL�YHGH�XQ�EDUEDW�FX�SDQWDORQLL�ODVDWL�OHJDW�GHXQ�FRSDF��&H�V�D�vQWvPSODW�"�'RL�EDUEDWL�P�DX�DWDFDW��P�DX�OHJDW�GH�FRSDFXO�DVWD�VL�P�DX�YLRODW��/D�FDUH�SDGXUDUXO�VSXQH�vQJkQGXUDW��(L��GUDJXWD��SHQWUX�D]L�QX�L�VLQJXUXO�JKLQLRQ�������8Q�WkQDU�YLQH�DFDVD�EXFXURV��7DWVX�vO�YHGH�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�VD�vQWkPSODW�FD�HVWL�DVD�YHVHO"�$]L�DP�DYXW�SULPD�PHD�H[SHUHQWD�VH[XDOD��([FHOHQW��6WDL�MRV��VL���SRYHVWHVWH�FXP�D�IRVW��1X�SRW�VD�VWDX��0D�GRDUH�FXUX������8Q�GRPQ�VH�DVH]D�vQ�SDUF�SH�R�EDQFD�OkQJD�DOW�GRPQ��$FHVWD�GLQ�XUPD�VH�WRW�DSURSLH�GH�SULPXO��VH�WRW�DSURSLH��3ULPXO�VHWUDJH�PDL�vQFROR��WRW�PDL�GHSDUWH��$SDUH�XQ�PLOLWLDQ��7RYDUDVH�RPXO�DVWD�QX�PD�ODVD�vQ�SDFH��VH�GD�OD�PLQH��'D�WX�FH�FDXWL�vQ�SDUFXOHWXO�QRVWUX"���ÌQWUXQ�SDUF��GLQ�ERVFKHWL��7H�LXEHVF��6L�HX����7H�YUHDX��6L�HX����0D�FKHDPD�*LFD��6L�SH�PLQH������8Q�WLS�LQWUD�SHQWUX�SULPD�GDWD�vQWU�XQ�EDU�GH�SRSRQDUL��7UHFH�SH�OkQJD�SULPD�PDVD�VL�DXGH��3))88���7UHFH�SH�OkQJD�D�GRXD�PDVD��3))8888���7UHFH�SH�OkQJD�D�WUHLD�PDVD��3))888���

Page 122: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

&UH]kQG�FD�HVWH�XQ�IHO�GH�VDOXW�vQFHDUFD�VL�HO��DWXQFL�FkQG�WUHFH�SH�OkQJD�FHD�GH�D�SDWUD�PDVD�vQFHDUFD�VL�HO��GDU�QX�UHXVHVWHGHFDW��3kUUUUUUW�'HRGDWD�VH�DXGH�GH�OD�R�PDVD��+HL�FXU�YLUJLQ�vQ�VDOD�������&LFD�%XOD�VH�SOLPED�vQWU�R�]L�SULQWU�R�SDGXUH��7RW�PHUJkQG�HO�DVD��vO�SULQGH�XQ�KRPRVH[XDO��%D��FXP�YUHL�VD�WH�I W��FX�DOLILH�VDX�IDUD�DOLILH"��������FX�DOLILH���$OLILH��ID�WH�QFRD����'RL�SRSRQDUL�VH�UDWDFHVF�vQ�SDGXUH��=LFH�XQX��+DL�VD�QH�vQWRDUFHP��ÌQWRDUFH�WH�WX�SULPX����Ì�&H�IDF�WUHL�KRPRVH[XDOL�FkQG�OL�VH�VWULFD�ODPSD�vQ�VXIUDJHULH"5�3ULPXO�VXQD�GXSD�HOHFWULFLDQ�$O�GRLOHD�IDFH�FDIHDXD�$O�WUHLOHD�vVL�IUHDFD�SDOPHOH�VL�]LFH��2RRK�VXQW�DVD�GH�HPRWLRQDW�������,QWUD�XQ�SRSRQDU�vQWU�R�DOLPHQWDUD��VL�VH�GXFH�OD�UDLRQXO�GH�PH]HOXUL���9kQ]DWRUHD��&X�FH�YD�SRW�VHUYL���"�$V�GRUL��GDFD�VH�SRDWH��R�UXGD�GH�VDODP����'D��FXP�VD�QX����VD�Y�R�WDL�IHOLL"����$SDL�GRPQLVRDUD��PDWDOH�JkQGHVWL�FD�FXUX�PHX�vL�SXVFXOLWD"������'RL�SRSRQDUL�VWDX�vQ�SDW��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�XQX�VH�GXFH�OD�EDLH�LDU�FHODODOW�GXSD�HO��vQ�EDLH�SOLQ�GH�VSHUPD��=LFH�DO�GRLOHD��1X�WL�H�UXVLQH��vQ�SDW�QX�HVWL�vQ�VWDUH�GH�QLPLF�VL�YLL�OD�EXGD�VD�WL�IDFL�ODED"�1X��QX�PL�DP�IDFXW�ODED��P�DP�EHVLW����'RL�SRSRQDUL�VWDX�DFDVD�VL�VH�SOLFWLVHVF��8QXO�IDFH�SURSXQHUHD��+DL�VD�QH�MXFDP�GH�D�Y�DWL�DVFXQVHOHD��6L�GDFD�PD�JDVHVWL�DL�YRLH�VD�PL�R�vQILJL��'DFD�QX�PD�JDVHVWL�DWXQFL�VXQW�vQ�GXODS������8Q�KRPRVH[XDO�PRDUH�VL�DMXQJH�OD�SRDUWD�5DLXOXL��6IkQWXO�3HWUH� vVL� IDFH�JkQGXUL�GDFD�VD�O� ODVH� vQDXQWUX� VDX�QX��GDU�VHJkQGHVWH� FD� WRWXVL�PHULWD� R� vQFHUFDUH�� �(L�PHUJ� vQVSUH�XQ� QRU� VL� OXL�3HWUH� vL� FDGH� SH�GUXP�FKHLD�GH� OD� SRDUWD�5DLXOXL�� 6HDSOHDFD�GXSD�HD�VL�SRSRQDUXO�vL�VL�VDUH�vQ�GRV�VL�L�R�vQILJH��3HWUH�]LFH�'DFD�VH�PDL�vQWkPSOD�RGDWD�WUHEXLH�VD�SDUDVHVWL�LPHGLDW�5DLXO�VL�VD�WH�GXFL�vQ�,DG�0DL�PHUJ� HL� FH�PDL� PHUJ� LDU� VFDSD� 3HWUH� FKHLD� VL� LDU� QX� VH� SRDWH� DEWLQH� SRSRQDUXO���6L� HVWH� WULPLV� vQ� ,DG���'XSD� FkWHYDVDSWDPkQL�YLQH�LDUQD�VL�vQ�FHU�VH�IDFH�WDUH�IULJ��'XPQH]HX�vL�]LFH�OXL�3HWUH��(�DVD�GH�FDOG�OD�QRL�GH�SDUFD�DLD�GLQ�,DG�DU�IL�VWLQV�WRDWH�IRFXULOH����'X�WH�VL�YH]L�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW�6H�GXFH�3HWUH�vQ�,DG�VL�DLFL�H�VL�PDL�IULJ�FD�vQ�FHU��ÌQWU�XQ�FROW�'UDFXO�VWD�JKHPXLW�VL�FODQWDQH�GLQ�GLQWL��3HWUH�]LFH��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�DLFL�GH�FH�QX�PDL�vQFDO]LWL"�9DG�FD�PDL�DYHWL�GHVWXOH�OHPQH�VL�SXFLRDVD�/D�FDUH�'UDFXO�$WXQFL�DSOHDFD�WH�WX�GXSD�FKLEULWH�������Ì�&XP�UHFXQRVWL�XQ�RP�GH�]DSDGD�KRPRVH[XDO"5�$UH�PRUFRYXO�vQILSW�vQ�FXU�������Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�ORFXLQWD�WL�D�IRVW�VSDUWD�GH�KRPRVH[XDOL"5�7RDWH�KDLQHOH�EXQH�DX�GLVSDUXW�LDU�FHOH�UDPDVH�DX�IRVW�DUDQMDWH�FX�PDUH�JULMD������Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�WH�DIOL�vQWU�R�ELVHULFD�GH�KRPRVH[XDOL"5�-XPDWDWH�GLQ�SDUWLFLSDQWL�VH�URDJD�vQ�SLFLRDUH�VL�FHDODOWD�VH�URDJD�DSOHFDWL������Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�FROHJXO�WDX�GH�FDPHUD�H�KRPRVH[XDO"5�3X D�OXL�DUH�JXVW�GH�FDFDW������Ì�&H�H�PDL�UDX�VD�IL�QHJUX�VDX�KRPRVH[XDO"5�6D�ILL�KRPRVH[XDO��1HJULL�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�OH�PDUWXULVHDVFD�SDULQWLORU�FD�VXQW�QHJULL������6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRL�KRPRVH[XDOL��8QXO�PDUWXULVHVWH��6WLL�DP�UDPDV�JUDYLG�

Page 123: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�6L�FLQH�H�WDWDO"�'H�XQGH�YUHL�VD�VWLX�"�&H�DP�RFKL�OD�VSDWH"����'XSD�FH�XQ�KRPRVH[XDO�VL�XQ�KRW�PRU�DMXQJ�vQ�UDL�vQ�IDWD�OXL�'XPQH]HX�$FHVWD�OH�VSXQH��%DL�XLWH�FH�H��HX�P�DP�JkQGLW�VD�YD�PDL�GDX�R�VDQVD��YD�ODV�VD�WUDLWL�GDFD�YD�ODVDWL�DPkQGRL�GH�PXOW�FRQWURYHUVDWHOH�RFXSDWLLDOH�YRDVWUH�GH�SkQD�DFXP��'DFD�YD�vQFDOFD�FLQHYD�FXYkQWXO�PHX�YD�PXUL�)HULFLWL� FHL�GRL� VH� vQWRUF�GLQ�QRX�SH�SDPkQW� VL� vQ� WLPS�FH�PHUJHDX� HL�GLVFXWkQG�VL� IHULFLWL� FD�DX� VFDSDW� FX�YLDWD�JDVHVF� vQPLMORFXO�GUXPXOXL�R�SXQJD�GH�JDOEHQL��&XP�R�YDG��KRPRVH[XDOXO�]LFH��%DL�VWDL�FXPLQWH�FD�DOWIHO�PXULP�DPkQGRL����7UHL�KRPR�VH�KRWDUDVF�VD�IDFD�R�KRUD�GH�DLD�GH�D�ORU�SH�OD�VSDWH��)DF�HL�FH�IDF�GDU�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�SULPXO�]LFH��$P�vQ�FXU�GDU�Q�DP�vQ�SX D�KRUD�DVWD�QX�H�EXQD�$O�GRLOHD��$P�vQ�FXU�VL�DP�VL�Q�SX D�KRUD�DVWD�HVWH�EXQD�$O�WUHLOHD��6WUkQJHWL�KRUD�QX�ILWL�KRWL�VD�QH�LQWUH�Q�FXU�OD�WRWL���Ì�&DUH�VXQW�SULPHOH�VLPSWRPH�GH�6LGD"5�2�UDVXIODUH�vQ�FHDID�VL�R�XVWXULPH�vQ�FXU����8QXO�VH�ODXGD�FD�DUH�SDWUX�FRDLH�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�XQ�DPLF�GDFD�H�QRUPDO��$PLFXO�L�L�VSXQH��6LQJXUD�PRGDOLWDWH�GH�DYHD�SDWUX�FRDLH�H�VD�DL�VL�R�SX D�vQ�FXU�������8Q�KRPRVH[XDO�FDVDWRULW�GH�FkWLYD�DQL�HVWH�vQWUHEDW�GH�IRVWXO�OXL�SULHWHQ��,D�]L�DL�vQFHUFDW��GH�FkQG�HVWL�FDVDWRULW��VL�vQ�JDXUD�FHDODOWD"�&H�HVWL�QHEXQ��QRL�QX�YUHP�VD�IDFHP�FRSLL�������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVKWH�ILXO�D���KRPRVH[XDOL"5�%DLDW�GH�EDLDW����Ì�&H�IDF�GRL�KRPRVH[XDOL�vQ�UHVWDXUDQW"5�ÌPEXFD�FHYD���Ì�&H�IDF�GRL�KRPRVH[XDOL�vQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ�GH�KDLQH"5�6H�vPSRSRWRQHD]D���8Q�SRSRQDU�PHUJHD�SH�VWUDGD��7UHFH�SH�OkQJD�XQ�]XJUDY�VXLW�SH�R�VFDUD��FDUH�YDUXLD�R�FDVD��=XJUDYXO�VFDSD�ELGLQHDXD�VL�OVWURSHVWH�SH�SRSRQDU�GLQ�FDS�SkQD�Q�SLFLRDUH�FX�YDU��&H�IDFL�ED��]XJUDY�QHQRURFLW��QX�VWLL�VD�WLL�QLFL�R�ELGLQHD�vQ�PkQD"=XJUDYXO��GHVL�FX�VHQWLPHQWXO�YLQRYDWLHL��HVWH�GHUDQMDW�GH�DIURQW��&H�YUHL�ED��IX X�WH�Q�FXU"�$DDDD��DUKLWHFWXOH�%DQFXUL�FX�GHWLQXWL���&DUH�WL�H�XOWLPD�GRULQWD"�vO�vQWUHDED�GLUHFWRUXO�vQFKLVRULL�SH�FRQGDPQDWXO�OD�PRDUWH��2�FDIHD�ILOWUX��%LQH��&kW�]DKDU"�&X�]DKDULQD��YD�URJ��VXIDU�GH�GLDEHW�VL�QX�DV�YUHD�VD�PRU�GLQ�DVWD�����/D�vQFKLVRDUHD�GH�IHPHL��)HWHORU��DP�GRXD�YHVWL��XQD�UHD�VL�XQD�EXQD��3H�FDUH�R�YUHWL�SULPD"�3H�FHD�EXQD����0vLQH�YD�GDP�PRUFRYL����8UDDDD��6L�DLD�UHD"�5DVL�����/D�vQFKLVRDUHD�GH�IHPHL��)HWHORU��DP�GRXD�YHVWL��XQD�UHD�VL�XQD�EXQD��3H�FDUH�R�YUHWL�SULPD"

Page 124: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�3H�FHD�EXQD����0vLQH�YD�VFKLPEDP�FKLORWLL����8UDDDD��6L�DLD�UHD"�ÌQWUH�YRL�����8Q�GHWLQXW�SULPHVWH�R�VFULVRDUH�GH�OD�VRWLH��9D]kQGX�O��XQ�FROHJ�GH�FHOXOD�vO�vQWUHDED��7H�YDG�FDP�QHFDMLW��9HVWL�SURDVWH�GH�DFDVD"�'D��1HYDVWD�PHD�vPL�VFULH�FD�PL�UHGD�OLEHUWDWHD�����'RL�FROHJL�QRL�GH�FHOXOD��7X�GH�FH�DL�DMXQV�DLFL"�'LQ�FDX]D�IXPDWXOXL����&XP�GLQ�FDX]D�IXPDWXOXL"��ÌQ�WLPS�FH�RSHUDP��P�D�DSXFDW�WXVHD��P�D�DX]LW�SD]D�VL�P�D�SULQV���&RQGDPQDWXO�HVWH�DGXV�vQ�FDPHUD�GH�H[HFXWLH��3ULYHVWH�VFDXQXO�HOHFWULF�GH�FDUH�VXQW�OHJDWH�WRW�IHOXO�GH�ILUH�VL�vQWUHDED��&XP�VH�FKHDPD�GUDFRYHQLD�DVWD"'LUHFWRUXO�vQFKLVRULL�vL�UDVSXQGH��1X�WL�EDWH�FDSXO�FX�vQWUHEDUL��R�VD�WH�SXQHP�LPHGLDW�OD�FXUHQW������6XQW�XLPLW�GH�FH�DXG��3RSHVFX�PL�D�]LV�FD�PHUJH�VD�vVL�YL]LWH]H�UXGHOH��VL�DFXP�DXG�FD�H�vQ�vQFKLVRDUH�����'D��GH�IDSW�FDP�WRDWH�UXGHOH�OXL�VXQW�DFROR�����8Q�SD]QLF�GH�OD�vQFKLVRDUH�FDWUH�XQ�FROHJ��ÌQFKLSXLHWL��FRQGDPQDWXO�GH�OD�FHOXOD�����D�HYDGDW�D]L�QRDSWH��'RDPQH�DMXWD��'H�WUHL�QRSWL�QX�SRW�VD�GRUP�GLQ�FDX]D�ILHUDVWUDXOXL�OXL�����3D]QLFXO�vL�]LFH�FRQGDPQDWXOXL��3kQD�PkLQH�OD���GLPLQHDWD�FHOXOD�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH�OXQD�VL�EHF��/D�RUD���YLQH�GLUHFWRUXO�vQFKLVRULL��&H�""�/�DX�SULQV�VL�SH�HO"������ÌQWU�R�FHOXOD�VWDX�GRL�WLSL�FRQGDPQDWL�DPELL�SHQWUX����DQL��8QXO�GLQ�HL�]LFH�RIWkQG��(KHKHL��GDFD�DVFXOWDP�VIDWXO�PDPHL��&H�WL�D�]LV�PDPD�WD"��/D�XVD�VXQW�GRL�SROLWLVWL��)XJL�UHSHGH�SH�XVD�GLQ�GRV��������8QX�vQFHDUFD�vQFHW��vQFHW��VD�vVL�FXQRDVFD�PDL�ELQH�QRXO�FROHJ�GH�FHOXOD��6L�HVWL�FDVDWRULW"�(X"��(X�VXQW�XQ�WLS�FDUH�vVL�LXEHVWH�OLEHUWDWHD��������*DUGLDQ�FH�GDWD�DYHDP�D]L"�vQWUHDED�XQXO�vQ�vQFKLVRDUH��0DL�WHUPLQD�FX�vQWUHEDULOH��ÌWL�VSXQ�HX�FkQ�SRWL�VFULMHOLL�DQXO�����������8Q�HYDGDW�VH�vQWRDUFH�VHDUD�vQDSRL�vQ�vQFKLVRDUH��8Q�UHSRUWHU�vO�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�Y�DWL�vQWRUV�OD�vQFKLVRDUH"�0DL�ELQH�DLFL�GHFkW�DFDVD��&XP�DVD"��1X�LQWUX�ELQH��SH�XVD�FDVHL�VL�QHYDVWD�PHD�vPL�]LFH���3H�XQGH�vPL�XPEOL��$L�HYDGDW�GHMD�GH���RUH�������8QD�vVL�YL]LWHD]D�VRWXO�vQ�vQFKLVRDUH��$FHVWD�vQJULMRUDW�GH�VLWXDWLD�HL�ILQDQFLDUD�R�vQWHDED��&XP�WH�DMXQJL�FX�EDQLL"�1LFL�R�JULMD�SH�XUPDWRULL�WUHL�DQL�vPL�PDL�DMXQJ�EDQLL�SULPLWL�FD�UHFRPSHQVD�SHQWUX�SULQGHUHD�WD������'LUHFWRUXO�vQFKLVRULL��9L]LWDWRULL�DX�YRLH�vQWH���VL���/D�FDUH�XQ�FRQGDPQDW��$VD�WkQDU�QX�VWLX�SH�QLPHQL������8Q�FRQGDPQDW�vVL�vQWRDUFH�OXFUXULOH�GLQ�FHOXOD�FX�VXVXO�vQ�MRV�VWULJkQG�GLQ�WRWL�UDUXQFKLL��$P�IRVW�MHIXLW��DP�IRVW�FX�QHUXVLQDUH�IXUDW�*DUGLHQLL�VRVHVF�vQ�JUDED�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�YL�D�IRVW�IXUDW"�3ODQXULOH�GH�HYDGDUH���

Page 125: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���'RL�FRQGDPQDWL�VH�vQWkOQHVF��&H�PDL�IDFH�-RKQ"�$K�VDUPDQXO�D�FD]XW�GH�SH�VFKHOD�VL�D�PXULW"�'DU�FH�GUDFX�D�FDXWDW�SH�VFKHOD"�$�IRVW�VSkQ]XUDW������'RFWRUXO�vQFKLVRULL�YL]LWHD]D�FKLULDVLL��ÌQWUHEDUH�vQ�SULPD�FHOXOD��&XP�DWL�DYXW�VFDXQXO"�$]L�QRUPDO�ÌQ�D�GRXD�FHOXOD��&XP�DWL�DYXW�VFDXQXO"�$]L�QRUPDO�ÌQ�D�WUHLD�FHOXOD��&XP�DWL�DYXW�VFDXQXO"�$]L�QRUPDO��PkLQH�HOHFWULF������ÌQWU�R�FHOXOD�WUHL�GHWLQXWL�GLVFXWD��7X�FXP�DL�DMXQV�DLFL"�&H�GUHDFX�VD�IDF��MDI�VL�YLRO��'DU�WX"�1LPLFD�WRDWD��VD�PRDUD�PDPD��DP�VXWLW�GLQ�FkWHYD�FDVH�DP�RPRUkW�GRXD�EDEH��GD�VL�DVD�PXUHD�FD�HUDX�EDWUkQH�UDX��VL�DPPDL�VXWLW�GLQ�EX]XQDUH��'D�WX�ED"�&H�DL�IDFXW"�)L]LFD�QXFOHDUD����7UHL�GHWLQXWL�XUPHD]D�VD�ILH�WULPLVL�SH�R�LQVXOD�SXVWLH�XQGH�VD�vVL�LVSDVHDVFD�SHGHSVHOH��*DUGLDQXO�OH�VSXQH�FD�DX�YRLH�VDGXFD�FX�HL�XQ�VLQJXU�RELHFW�VL�vL�vQWUHDED�FH�DU�GRUL��3ULPXO�VSXQH��3DL��HX�R�VD�LDX�QLVWH�FUHLRDQH�FRORUDWH�VL�WRDWD�]LXD�R�VD�DP�GH�GHVHQDW�SH�SHUHWLL�SXVFDULHL�$O�GRLOHD�]LFH��3DL��HX�R�VD�vPL�LDX�XQ�SDFKHW�GH�FDUWL�GH�MRF�VL�WRDWD�]LXD�R�VD�MRF�FDUWL�FX�FHLODOWL�GHWLQXWL�,DU�DO�WUHLOHD��3DL��HX�]LF�VD�LDX�R�FXWLH�GH�WDPSRDQH��FD�DP�FLWLW�FD�FX�XQ WDPSRQ�GLQ�DOD�SRWL�VD�VL� vQRWL��VL� VD�WH�FDWHUL� vQ�FRSDFL��VL� VDFDODUHVWL��DVD�FD�WRDWD�]LXD�R�VD�DP�FH�VD�IDF�FX�HOH����8Q�FRQGDPQDW�OD�PRDUWH�HVWH�FRQGXV�GH�FDWUH�SUHRW�OD�VSkQ]XUDWRDUH��$IDUD�SORXD�vQVD�GH�]LFHDL�FD�VH�UXSH�FHUXO��SUHRWXOWLQHD�XPEUHOD��&RQGDPQDWXO�]LFH��$VD�R�YUHPH�WkPSLWD��SDULQWH����/D�FDUH�SRSD��7L�H�WL�H�XVRU��7X�QX�IDFL�GUXPXO�GHFkW�GXV�GDU�HX�WUHEXLH�VD�PD�VL�vQWRUF�������8Q�FRQGDPQDW�SULPHVWH�R�VFULVRDUH�GH�OD�VRWLH��$P�KRWDUkW�VD�SODQWH]�PRUFRYL�vQ�JUDGLQLWD�GLQ�VSDWHOH�FDVHL��&kQG�FUH]L�FD�DV�SXWHDL�VD�L�SODQWH]"�(O�vL�VFULH��'UDJD�QHYDVWD��RULFH�IDFL�QX�WH�DWLQJH�GH�JUDGLQD�GLQ�VSDWHOH�FDVHL��$FROR�DP�DVFXQV�EDQLL��'XSD�R�VDSWDPkQD�LDU�YLQH�R�VFULVRDUH�GH�OD�QHYDVWD��1X�R�VD�WL�YLQD�VD�FUH]L�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW��$8�YHQLW�OD�QRL�R�JUDPDGD�GH�RDPHQL�VL�DX�VDSDW�WRDWD�JUGLQD�GLQ�VSDWHOH�FDVHL��/D�FDUH�HO�UDVSXQGH��'UDJD�QHYDVWD��DFXP�SRWL�SODQWD�PRUFRYL�vQ�VSDWHOH�FDVHL�������8Q�LQGLYLG�DMXQJH�OD�vQFKLVRDUH��(VWH�UHSDUWL]DW�vQWU�R�FHOXOD�FRPXQD�VL�HVWH�vQWvPSLQDW�GH�XQ�PDODF�ILRURV��%D�WX��DOD�QRX���7X�FH�YUHL�VD�IL�"�&XP�DGLFD�"�vQWUHDED�QHGXPHULW�QRXO�YHQLW��$LFL�QRL�VvQWHP�vPSDUWLWL�vQ�EDLHWHL�VL�IHWLWH��7X�FH�YUHL�VD�IL�"�%DLDWHO��]LFH�RPXO�JvQGLQGX�VH�VD�QX�vQFHDSD�GXU�FKLDU�GLQ�SULPD�]L��3HUIHFW��]LFH�PDODFXO��DVWD]L�EDLHWHLL�VXJ�SX D�OD�IHWLWH�%DQFXUL�FX�MXGHFDWRUL��6L�YUHWL�VD�VSXQHWL�FD�VRWXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�V�D�VSkQ]XUDW"�vQWUHDED�MXGHFDWRUXO�WkQDUD�YDGXYD��'D��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��UDVSXQGH�DFHDVWD��6L�FXP�H[SOLFDWL�DWXQFL�PXOWLPHD�GH�FXFXLH�FDUH�OH�DUH�vQ�FDS"

Page 126: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�6�D�VSkQ]XUDW�FX�XQ�HODVWLF�����$FX]DW�FD�D IXUDW�XQ�FHDV��KRWXO�H[SOLFD��&H�HUD�VD�IDF�GRPQXOH�SUHVHGLQWH"�&HDVXO�PHUJHD��HX�PHUJHDP��$WXQFL�QH�DP�KRWDUkW�VD�PHUJHP�vPSUHXQD����6L�VSXQHWL��QX�Y�D�IRVW�WHDPD�DWXQFL�FkQG�DWL�VPXOV�SRUWRPRQHXO�GLQ�PkQD�SDJXELWXOXL��vQ�WUDPYDLXO�SOLQ�GH�RDPHQL""""""vO�vQWUHDED�MXGHFDWRUXO�SH�XQ�KRW�GH�EX]XQDUH��&XP�VD�QX�PL�ILH�WHDPD��RQRUDWXOH�GRPQ�MXGHFDWRU���0L�D�IRVW�WHDPD�VD�QX�ILH�JRO������%XOD�HVWH�DFX]DW�SHQWUX�D�FLQFHD�RDUD�SHQWUX�YDWHUVFKDIW��������-XGHFDWRUXO�vO�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�QX�YD�OXDWL��SHQWUX�QXPHOH�OXL�'XPQH]HX�vQ�VIkUVLW�R�IHPHLH"�$P�PDL�vQFHUFDW��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��GDU�DP�DYXW�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�SUREOHPH�FX�VRWLL�IHPHLORU������$FX]DW�GH�FH�O�DL�ORYLW�SH�PDUWRU�FX�SDUXO��GHVL�HO�QX�V�D�EDJDW�vQ�FHDUWD"�3DL�GDFD�VWDWHD�DWkW�GH�IDYRUDELO�����-XGHFDWRUXO�YHGH�OD�SURFHV�SHQWUX�D�FLQFHD�RDUD�XQ�KRW�GH�EX]XQDUH��8OWLPD�GDWD��WL�DP�VSXV�FD�QX�YUHDX�VD�WH�PDL�YDG�vQ�EDQFD�DFX]DWLORU��$VWD�DP�VSXV�VL�HX�SROLWLVWLORU��GDU�QX�DX�YUXW�VD�PD�FUHDGD�����2�WkQDUD�LWDOLDQFD�HVWH�DFX]DWD�GH�ELJDPLVP��'D�FH�Y�DWL�FDVDWRULW�FX�GRL�LWDOLHQL"�8QXO�QX�YD�DMXQJHD"�R�vQWUHDED�MXGHFDWRUXO��3DL�WRW�WLPSXO�FkWD�XQXO�GLQ�HL�IDFH�JUHYD�����9D]kQG�FD�QLFL�MXUDWLL�VL�QLFL�MXGHFDWRUXO�QX�VH�ODVD�LPSUHVLRQDWL�GH�SOHGRDULD�VD��DYRFDWXO�UHFXUVH�OD�XQ�XOWLP�DUJXPHQW��2QRUDWD�FXUWH��VWLPDW�MXULX��YD�URJ�VD�OXDWL�vQ�FRQVLGHUDWLH�IDSWXO�FD�DFHVW�FOLHQW�DO�PHX�D�PDL�IRVW�FRQGDPQDW�OD�vQFKLVRDUH�GHFLQFLVSUH]HFH�RUL�VL�WRWXVL�DFHDVWD�QX�O�D�DMXWDW�OD�QLPLF��$VD�FD�OD�FH�EXQ�VD�O�PDL�FRQGDPQDP"���&HU�VD�ILH�DXGLDW�VL�FHO�GH�DO�GRLOHD�PDUWRU�DO�DFFLGHQWXOXL�DXWR��]LFH�DFX]DWXO��'DU�QX�H[LVWD�GHFkW�XQ�PDUWRU��]LFH�MXGHFDWRUXO��'DU�HX�DP�YD]XW�FODU�GRL�PDUWRUL�����7RFPDL�GH�DFHHD�YL�D�IRVW�OXDW�FDUQHWXO�GH�FRQGXFHUH��������5HFXQRVWL�FD�DL�UXSW�PkQD�UHFODPDQWXOXL"�vQWUHDED�MXGHFDWRUXO��5HFXQRVF��GDU�QX�VvQW�YLQRYDW��SHQWUX�FD�HO�D�ULGLFDW�vQWkL�PkQD��6L�WX�FH�DL�IDFXW�"�(X�DP�YUXW�VD�L�VSDUJ�FDSXO��QX�VD�L�UXS�PkQD����8Q�FHWDWHDQ�UHVSHFWDELO�HVWH�DGXV�vQ�IDWD�MXGHFDWRUXOXL�ILLQG�DFX]DW�GH�YDWDPDUH��(O�vVL�GHVFULH�UHDFWLD��&kQG�O�DP�YD]XW�SH�SULHWHQXO�PHX�3RSHVFX��GLPLQHDWD�OD�RUD�WUHL��FkQG�DP�LQWUDW� vQ�FDPHUD�VRWLHL�PHOH��]kPELQGX�PL�GLQSLMDPDXD�PHD�VL�VSXQkQGX�PL��EXQD�GLPLQHDWD��DP�VLPWLW�FD�WUHEXLH�QHDSDUDW�VD�IDF�FHYD������8Q� VSDUJDWRU� HVWH� DGXV�SHQWUX� D� ��D� vQ� IDWD� MXGHFDWRUXOXL�� GH� GDWD� DVWD� SH�PRWLY� FD� D� VSDUW� R� IDUPDFLH�� -XGHFDWRUXO� vOvQWUHDED��3RYHVWLWL�FXP�V�D�vQWkPSODW��3DL�DP�DOXQHFDW�VL�DP�VSDUW�vQ�FDGHUH�YLWULQD�IDUPDFLHL�VL�GLQWU�R�GDWD�DP�FDSDWDW�GXUHUL�JURD]QLFH�GH�FDS��DVD�FD�DP�LQWUDW�vQIDUPDFLH�VD�vPL�LDX�XQ�DOJRFDOPLQ��'XSD�DFHHD�DP�FDXWDW�vQ�FDVD�XQ�FUHLRQ�VD�vPL�ODV�QXPHOH�VL�DGUHVD�IDUPDFLVWHL��SHQWUX�DSODWL�SDJXED�LDU�vQ�PRPHQWXO�DFHVWD�D�LQWUDW�VL�SROLWLD�vQ�IDUPDFLH�������$P�DX]LW�FD�XQFKLXO�WDX�H�JUDY�EROQDY��$U�WUHEXL�VD�LHL�WRWXO�vQ�FDOFXO��'D�GH�XQGH��6XQWHP�SH�SXWLQ����QHSRWL�VL�QHSRDWH�GHFL�QX�SRW�FDOFXOD�GHFkW�FX�R�GRLVSUH]HFLPH�GLQ�WRW�������'HFL�DWL�PDL�IRVW�DFX]DW�SkQD�DFXP�GH���RUL"�vQWUHDED�MXGHFDWRUXO�DFX]DWXO��'D��GU�DU�WUHEXL�VD�OXDWL�vQ�FRQVLGHUDUH�FD�GH���RUL�DP�IRVW�SXV�vQ�OLEHUWDWH�GLQ�OLSVD�GH�GRYH]L�������$FX]DW��]LFH�MXGHFDWRUXO�DFX]DWXOXL��GXSD�HOLEHUDUH�YD�SRW�DMXWD�VD�YD�UHLQWHJUDWL�vQ�VRFLHWDWH��'D�GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��VD�IXU�GLQ�EX]XQDUH�DP�vQYDWDW�GHMD�������6WLL�FD�P�DX�GDW�VDSWDPkQD�WUHFXWD�OD�WHOHYL]RU"�=LFH�XQXO�SULHWHQXOXL�VDX��=DX��OD�FH�HPLVLXQH"��'RVDUH�GHVFKLVH��������$FX]DW��vQWUHDED�MXGHFDWRUXO�SHUVRDQD�GLQ�EDQFD�DFX]DWLORU��DWL�UDPDV��GH�WUHL�RUL�YDGXY��&XP�D�IRVW�SRVLELO�DVD�FHYD"

Page 127: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�3ULPD�VRWLH�D�PkQFDW�FLXSHUFL�RWUDYLWH�VL�D�PXULW��6L�D�GRXD"�$�GRXD��WRW�DVD��$�PkQFDW�FLXSHUFL�RWUDYLWH�VL�D�PXULW��$VWD�H�vQWDGHYDU�FLXGDW��6L�D�WUHLD�VRWLH�D�PXULW�WRW�GLQ�FDX]D�FLXSHUFLORU�RWUDYLWH"�1X��QX��GLQ�FDX]D�XQHL�IUDFWXUL�FUDQLHQH��6L�FXP�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�3DL�QX�D�YUXW�VD�PDQkQFH�FLXSHUFL�������'UDJD�PHD��PkQFDUHD�DVWD�GH�FLXSHUFL�DUH�XQ�JXVW�H[FHOHQW��'H�XQGH�DL�UHWHWD"�'LQWU�XQ�URPDQ�SROLWLVW������$YRFDWXO�vVL�IDFH�SOHGRDULD��6L�XQ�VHPQ�FD�DFX]DWXO�H�XQ�RP�GH�RPHQLH�HVWH�FD�FX�R�]L�vQDLQWH�GH�D�FRPLWH�VSDUJHUHD�D�XUDW�SDJXELWXOXL�XQ�DQ�QRX�IHULFLWVL��/D�0XOWL�$QL��������/D�SULPD�vQIDWLVDUH�VSDUJDWRUXO�HVWH�vQWUHEDW��6L�DWL�PDL�DYXW�FRPSOLFL�OD�FRPLWHUHD�IDSWHL"�1X��ÌQ�]LXD�GH�D]L�H[LVWD�DWkWLD�UDXIDFDWRUL�FD�QX�PDL�SRWL�DYHD�vQFUHGHUH�vQ�QLPHQL�VL�GH�DFHHD�OXFUH]�vQWRWGHDXQD�VLQJXU�������$FX]DWXO�GH�EUDFRQDM�HVWH�FRQGDPQDW� OD� WUHL� OXQL�GH� vQFKLVRDUH��)LLQG� vQWUHEDW�FkQG�GRUHVWH� VD� ILH�SULYDW�GH� OLEHUWDWH�HOVSXQH��ÌQ�SHULRDGD�GH�vPSHUHFKHUH������8Q�WLS�PHUJH�OD�R�SUH]LFDWRDUH��$FHDVWD�vL�FLWHVWH�vQ�FDIHD�VL�vL�]LFH��'XPQH]HXOH��DLFL�VWD�FD�PkLQH�YD�YHWL�XFLGH�VRWLD�����%LQHvQWHOHV��&HHD�FH�YUHDX�HX�VD�VWLX�HVWH�GDFD�YRL�IL�SULQV"������8Q�MXGHFDWRU�FX�SULYLUHD�QFUXFLVDWD�DXGLD���LQFXOSDWL��WRWL�FX�SULYLUHD�vQFUXFLVDWD����-XGHFDWRUXO�vQWUHDED�SH�XQXO��'H�FH�O�DL�OXDW�SH�RP�OD�EDWDLH"�(X�QX�O�DP�OXDW����1X�SH�WLQH�WH�DP�vQWUHEDW��(X�QLFL�QX�DP�UDVSXQV������/D�WULEXQDO�8Q�WkQDU�HUD�DFX]DW�GH�YLRO���-XGHFDWRUX�vQWUHDED��$FX]DW��(VWH�VDX�QX�DGHYDUDW�FD�vQ�GDWD�GH����'HFHPEULH����DWL�YLRODW�R�SH�0DULRDUD�3LVFXSHVFX"$FX]DWXO��'RP�MXGHFDWRU�MXU�FD�QX�L�DP�IDFXW�QLPLF��1X�L�DP�DWLQV�QLFL�PDFDU�XQ�ILU�GH�SDU�ÌQ�VDOD�R�EDED�FDP�VXUGD��VWD�OkQJD�XQX��&H�]LFH�PDLFD��FH�]LFH"�=,&(�&$�18�,�$�$7,16�1,&,�0$&$5�81�),5�'(�3$5���&H�SUHFL]LH�PDLFD��FH�SUHFL]LH����9DULDQWD�$YRFDWXO��,�D�UXSW�KDLQHOH�GRP�MXGHFDWRU��D�DPHQLQWDW�R�VL�GXSD�DLD�D�YLRODW�R��0LQWH�GRPMXGHFDWRU��QX�L�DP�DWLQV�QLFL�PDFDU�XQ�ILU�GH�SDU���&kWD�SUHFL]LH��GRPMXGHFDWRU��FkWD�SUHFL]LH������/D�WULEXQDO��'XPQH]HX�PL�H�PDUWRU�FD�VLQW�QHYLQRYDW�VSXQH�LQFXOSDWXO��ÌPL�SDUH�UDX�VSXQH�MXGHFDWRUXO��GDU�DP�vQFKHLDW�GHMD�DXGLHUHD�PDUWRULORU����$YRFDWXO�DSDUDULL�OD�SURFHVXO�XQXLD�FDUH�D�FRQGXV�PDVLQD�vQ�VWDUH�GH�HEULHWDWH��$�VWD�vQ�SDWUX�ODEH�SH�PLMORFXO�GUXPXOXL��GXSD�FH�DL�IRVW�RSULW�GH�XQ�HFKLSDM�DO�SROLWLHL��QX�H�R�GRYDGD�D�VWDULL�GH�HEULHWDWH�6L�FkQG�SROLWLVWXO��FD�PDUWRU��H�vQWUHEDW�OD�UkQGXO�VDX��'D�GDU�DFX]DWXO�vQFHUFD�VD�DGXQH�VXO�EDQGD�DOED�GH�SH�PLMORFXO�GUXPXOXL�������,QFXOSDWD��FkWL�DQL�DL"�vQWUHDED�MXGHFDWRUXO��&kW�vPL�GDWL"��&LQFL������'H�XQGH�DWL�VWLXW�FD�LQFXOSDWXO�VH�DIOD�vQ�VWDUH�GH�HEULHWDWH"

Page 128: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�'RPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��LQFXOSDWXO�vQFHUFD�VD�vPSDWXUHDVFD�PDUFDMXO�GH�OD�WUHFHUHD�GH�SLHWRQL�������'XPQHDWD��FD�SD]QLF�GH�QRDSWH��O�DL�YD]XW�SH�LQFXOSDW�FkQG�D�VDULW�JDUGXO�GHSR]LWXOXL�VL�D�OXDW�R�ODGD"�'D��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��GDU�ILLQGFD�QX�O�FXQRVWHDP��QX�L�DP�]LV�QLPLFD������'RPQLVRDUD�3RSHVFX�H�vQWUHEDWD�GH�R�SULHWHQD��6SXQH�GH�FH�HVWL�DWkW�GH�VLJXUD�FD�YHL�FkVWLJD�SURFHVXO�vQ�FD]XO�DOD�GH�VXFFHVLXQH"�3HQWUX�FD�LHUL�DYRFDWXO�PHX�PL�D�IDFXW�R�FHUHUH�GH�FDVDWRULH��������9LL�OD�WULEXQDO��WRW�OD���VDX�OD�FLQFL�OXQL����1X�WL�H�UXVLQH"�VH�LQGLJQD�MXGHFDWRUXO��3DL��GH�FH�VD�PL�ILH�UXVLQH"�'RDU�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�YHQLWL�GH�DWkWLD�DQL�vQ�ILHFDUH�]L�����%LQH��RPXOH��GH�FH�Q�DL�UHFXQRVFXW�FD�PL�DL�IXUDW�KDLQHOH�GLQ�FDVD��FD�GRDU�YHFLQLL�WH�DX�YD]XW"�3DL��GDFD�P�DX�YD]XW�YHFLQLL��QX�vQWHOHJ�GH�FH�PDL�WUHEXLD�VD�DIOH�VL�MXGHFDWRUXO"�����,D�VSXQH��FXP�V�DX�SHWUHFXW�OXFUXULOH"�'RPQXOH� MXGHFDWRU�� UHFXQRVF� FD� DP� IRVW� �QHSODFXW�� VXUSULQV� GH� FDWUH� DJHQWXO� GH� FLUFXODWLH�� GXSD� PLH]XO� QRSWLL�� vQWU�XQDXWRWXULVP�VWUDLQ��'DU����QX�vQFHUFDP�VD�SRUQHVF�PDVLQD����FDXWDP�EULFKHWD�FD�VD�PL�DSULQG�R�WLJDUD�������&DVDWRULWD"�vQWUHED�MXGHFDWRUXO�0DUWRUD�RIWD��1HFDVDWRULWD��GLFWHD]D�MXGHFDWRUXO�JUHILHUXOXL��&DVDWRULW"�vQWUHED�MXGHFDWRUXO�SH�PDUWRUXO�XUPDWRU��0DUWRUXO�RIWD��&DVDWRULW��GLFWD�MXGHFDWRUXO�����'HFL��DFX]DW��UHFXQRVWL�FD�DWL�IXUDW�R�SHUHFKH�GH�SDQWRIL�GLQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ�H[FOXVLY"�'D�GDU�YD�URJ�VD�WLQHWL�VHDPD�GH�FLUFXPVWDQWHOH�DWHQXDQWH��&DUH"�ÌPL�VXQW�SUHD�PLFL�������$WL�YD]XW�SROLWLVWL�SULQ�DSURSLHUH"�vQWUHDED�XQ�WUHFDWRU�XQ�DOWXO��1X��$WXQFL�VFRDWHWL�FHDVXO��YHULJKHWD��VL�EDQLL������/D�XQ�QRWDU�YLQH�XQ�EDWUkQ�vQVWDULW�VL�]LFH��$V�YUHD�VD�IDF�XQ�WHVWDPHQW�FDUH�VD�QX�SRDWD�IL�DWDFDW��,PSRVLELO�GRPQXOH��]LFH�QRWDUXO��DVD�XQ�WHVWDPHQW�QX�H[LVWD��8LWDWL��FKLDU�EXQXO�'XPQH]HX�DUH�GRXD�WHVWDPHQWH�VL�RDPHQLLVH�PDL�FHDUWD�FKLDU�VL�D]L��GXSD�DWkWLD�DQL��FDUH�HVWH�FHO�YDODELO������7kQDUXO�DYRFDW�DUH��vQ�VIkUVLW�SURSULXO�FDELQHW��3ULPD�VD�VFULVRDUH�FDWUH�WULEXQDO�VXQD�DVD��'RPQXO� 3RSHVFX� P�D� vQVDUFLQDW� FX� DSDUDUHD� VD� LQ� FD]XO� GH����3ULQ� SUH]HQWD� FHU� XQ� FRQWURO� SVLKRORJLF� DO� GRPQXOXL3RSHVFX�������&LFD�OD�XQ�SURFHV��XQ�WLS�H�DFX]DW�FD�D�YLRODW�R�SH�UHFODPDQWD��-XGHFDWRUXO�vQWUHDED��'RPOH�SUH]LQWD�QH�VL�QRXD�FXP�V�D�vQWkPSODW��3DL�R�YDG�SH�0LD�SH�VWUDGD�VL�vL�IDF�FX�RFKLXO��VWLWL�GRPOH��RFKLL�YDG��LQLPD�FHUH��GDU�FRQVWLLQWD�QX�VL�QX��(L�VL�DSRL"�2�VDOXW��vL�]kPEHVF��HUD�IUXPRDVD�FH�VD�L�IDFL��RFKLL�YDG��LQLPD�FHUH��GDU�FRQVWLLQWD�QX�VL�QX��%XQ��VL�DSRL"�2�FKHP�OD�PLQH�OD�R�FDIHD��FD�PL�ODVDVH�JXUD�DSD��VWLWL�GRPOH�RFKLL�YDG��LQLPD�FHUH��GDU�FRQVWLLQWD�QX�VL�QX��$SRL"�ÌQ�OLIW��vL�SXQ�PkQD�SH�IXQG��FD�0LD�vL�EXFDWD�EXQD��FH�QDLED�VXQWHP�WRWXVL�EDUEDWL��RFKLL�YDG��LQLPD�FHUH��GDU�FRQVWLLQWD�QX�VLQX��(L��EXQ�EXQ��ODVD�DVWD��PDL�GHSDUWH"�3DL��VD�YHGHWL��R�GXF�vQ�GRUPLWRU��FD�FH�QDLED�VXQWHP�EDUEDWL�WRWXVL����'D��GD��VWLX��ODVD�GHRSDUWH�FKHVWLD�FX�FRQVWLLQWD�VL�]LL��3DL�DVD�PL�DP�]LV�VL�HX�GRPOH��VL�DP�IX XW�R����8Q�SURFXURU�VL�XQ�SRSD�GLVFXWD�OD�R�EHUH��3URFXURUXO�H�GH�SDUHUH�FD�OXPHD�V�D�VWULFDW��8LWDWL��DYHP�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�PXOWL�UDXIDFDWRUL�VL�FULPLQDOL��(�GRDU�R�SDUHUH�VXELHFWLYD��7UHEXLH�FD�VXQWHWL�LQIOXHQWDW�GH�PHVHULD�FDUH�R�DYHWL��]LFH�SUHRWXO��XLWDWL�HX�vQWkOQHVF�vQ�ILHFDUH�]LDWkWLD� RDPHQL� FLQVWLWL�� 6L� PDL� JkQGLWL�YD� FD� SH� YUHPHD� OXL� &DLQ� VL� $EHO� ��� GH� SURFHQWH� GLQ� SRSXODWLD� 3DPkQWXOXL� HUDXUDXIDFDWRUL���

Page 129: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����6XQWHWL�FRQGDPQDW�SHQWUX�OXDUH�GH�PLWD��$FFHSWDWL�SHGHDSVD��DFX]DW"�'H�DFXPD�vQFROR�QX�PDL�DFFHSW�QLPLFD��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU�������'RL�SULHWHQL�VH�YDG�GXSD�PDL�PXOW�WLPS��1X�WH�DP�PDL�YD]XW�GH���OXQL��$P�IRVW�vQ�FRQFHGLX��1X�HUD�PDL�ELQH�VD�PHUJL�OD�FXUWHD�GH�DSHO"������8Q�DFX]DW�VFULH�FDWUH�WULEXQDO��,HUL�PL�DWL�SXV�OD�GLVSR]LWLH�XQ�DYRFDW��$WL�SXWHD�VD�vPL�JDVLWL�VL�XQ�PDUWRU�EXQ"��������3H�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�Y�DP�YD]XW�IRDUWH�GHV��]LFH�MXGHFDWRUXO�DFX]DWXOXL��'H�FkWH�RUL�DWL�PDL�IRVW�FRQGDPQDW"�1LFLRGDWD��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��(X�VXQW�SRUWDUXO�GH�OD�FOXEXO�VWUHHS�WHDVH������/D�IDFXOWDWHD�GH�GUHSW�SURIHVRUXO�GD�OD�H[DPHQ�XQ�FD]�IRDUWH�JUHX�]LFkQG��$FHVWD�H�XQ�FD]�IRDUWH�JUHX��FDUH�D�IRVW�VROXWLRQDW�GH�FXUWHD�VXSUHPD��1RL�YRP�vQFHUFD�WRWXVL�VD�JDVLP�VROXWLD�FHD�EXQD�������6L�DFXP�YRL�HQXPHUD�FRQGDPQDULOH�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��]LFH�MXGHFDWRUXO�DFX]DWXOXL��%LQH��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��GDUVD�QX�]LFHWL�FD�DP�vQFHUFDW�VD�OXQJHVF�SURFHVXO�������6WLWL� FD� SXWHWL� VD� YD�PDUWXULVLWL� IDSWD�� ]LFH� MXGHFDWRUXO� DFX]DWXOXL��$YHP�RULFXP�XQ�PDUWRU� FDUH� D� YD]XW� FXP�DWL� ORYLWFKHOQHUXO�FX�KDOED�SOLQD�SHVWH�FHDID�����'RPXOH�MXGHFDWRU��DVWD�H�LPSRVLELO��2ULVLFLQH�VWLH�FD�vQ�UHVWDXUDQWXO�UHVSHFWLY�QX�DX�H[LVWDW�QLFLRGDWD�KDOEH�SOLQH�������$FX]DW��DYHWL�FXYkQWXO��]LFH�MXGHFDWRUXO�DFX]DWXOXL��'RPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��DP�IRVW�GHMD�GH�VDVH�RUL�vQ�vQFKLVRDUH��'XSD�FXP�YHGHWL�QX�D�IRORVLW�OD�QLPLF��'H�DFHHD�YD�URJ�VD�PDSXQHWL�vQ�OLEHUWDWH������7kQDUXO�MXGHFDWRU�vQWUHDED�DFX]DWXO��'H�FH�WUHPXUDWL�DVD"�6WLWL�HVWH�SULPD�RDUD�FkQG�PD�DIOX�vQWU�R�VDOD�GH�WULEXQDO����$VWD�QX�H�XQ�PRWLY�VD�YD�ILH�IULFD��6L�SHQWUX�PLQH�HVWH�WRW�SULPXO�SURFHV�������$FX]DW�GH�FH�DL�VSDUW�PDJD]LQXO�GH�GHWHUJHQWL"�6WLWL��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��GXFHDP�R�YLDWD�DVD�GH�PL]HUDELOD������-XGHFDWRUXO�]LFH�DFX]DWXOXL��6XQWHWL�OLEHU��GDU�SH�YLLWRU�YD�UHFRPDQG�VD�YD�IHULWL�GH�FHUFXUL�GXELRDVH��'D��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��VSHU�VL�HX�VD�QX�PDL�WUHEXLDVFD�VD�YLQ�SULQ�WULEXQDOH�������6L�FXP�GH�YL�D�YHQLW�LGHHD�VD�IXUDWL�PDVLQD�SDUFDWD�OD�JDUGXO�FLPLWLUXOXL"�3DL��DP�FUH]XW�FD�SURSULHWDUX�HVWH�PRUW��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU�������/D�SURFHV�VH�DUDWD�FD�vQ�WLPSXO�VSDUJHULL��DFX]DWXO�VH�DIOD�vQ�vQFKLVRDUH��-XGHFDWRUXO�vO�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�QX�DWL�VSXV�DVWD�GLQ�WLPS"�3DL��QX�GRUHDP�VD�IDF�R�LPSUHVLH�SURDVWD�MXUDWLORU������-XGHFDWRUXO��DFX]DWXOXL�GH����GH�DQL��&XP�SXWHWL�VD�VXVWLQHWL�FDT�OLSVD�GH�H[SHULHQWD�Y�D�DGXV�vQ�ORFXO�vQ�FDUH�YD�DIODWL�DFXP"�6WLWL��DYRFDWXO�PHX�HVWH�IRDUWH�WkQDU������-XGHFDWRUXO�vQWUHDED�PDUWRUXO�OD�SURFHV��/D�FH�GLVWDQWD�Y�DWL�DIODW�GH�ORFXO�DFFLGHQWXOXL"�/D���PHWUL�VL����GH�FHQWLPHWULL��6L�FXP�GH�VWLWL�DVD�GH�H[DFW"�&kQG�DP�YD]XW�DFFLGHQWXO��PL�DP�GDW�VHDPD�SH�ORF�FD�YRL�IL�vQWUHEDW�OD�SURFHV�GH�YUH�XQ�WkPSLW�������'RPQXOH�PDUWRU��GHFL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�DWL�YL]LWDW�DFX]DWXO�vQ�]LXD�IDSWHL"�'D��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��6L�FH�SDUHUH�YL�D�IDFXW"�6WDWHD�OD�IHUHDVWUD��FX�IDWD�DOED�FD�FHDUD��DYHD�VSXPD�OD�JXUD�VL�R�ODPD�DVFXWLWD�vQ�PkQD����6L"���

Page 130: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�6L�GXSD�DFHHD�D�vQFHSXW�VD�VH�EDUELHUHDVFD������-XGHFDWRUXO�SDJXELWXOXL��5HFXQRDVWHWL�vQ�SHUVRDQD�DFX]DWXOXL�SH�FHO�FDUH�YL�D�IXUDW�PDVLQD"�'RPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��GXSD�SOHGRDULD�DYRFDWXOXL�DSDUDULL��QX�PDL�VXQW�DVD�GH�VLJXU�GDFD�PD�DYXW�YUHRGDWD�R�PDVLQD�������/D�WULEXQDO�MXGHFDWRUXO��6L�YUHWL�VD�VXVWLQHWL�FD�DWXQFL�DWL�FUH]XW�FD�SRUWPRQHXO�JDVLW�YD�DSDUWLQH"�3RUWPRQHXO�QX�GDU�EDQFQRWHOH�vPL�SDUHDX�FXQRVFXWH������2�WkQDUD�DWUDJDWRDUH�OD�WULEXQDO�H�DXGLDWD�FD�VL�PDUWRU��6L�FXP�YL�DWL�GDW�VHDPD�FD�VRIHUXO�IXUDVH�PDVLQD"�3DL�DVWD�PL�DP�GDW�VHDPD�FkQ�DP�YD]XW�FD�QX�VWLH�FXP�VD�FXOFH�EDQFKHWD�������6L�QX�Y�DWL�JkQGLWD�OD�WDWDO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��DWXQFL�FkQG�DWL�GDW�VSDUJHUHD"�%D�GD��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��GDU�QX�DP�JDVLW�QLPLF�FH�L�DU�IL�SODFXW�������2�GRDPQD��PDUWRUD�OD�WULEXQDO�H�vQUHEDWD�GH�MXGHFDWRU��6L�FH�YkUVWD�DYHWL"'XSD�R�OXQJD�WDFHUH�MXGHFDWRUXO�GLQ�QRX��'DFD�QX�QH�VSXQHWL�YRL�ODVD�DXGLHQWD�VD�JKLFHDVFD��������6SXQH�PDL�ELQH�DGHYDUXO��DFX]DW��/�DL�ORYLW�SH�GRPQXO�GH�DFROR"�1X�GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��&XP�DV�SXWHD"����(O�VXVWLQH�vQVD�FD�DU�IL�SULPLW�PDL�PXOWH�ORYLWXUL�SXWHUQLFH����0LQWH��'XSD�SULPD�QX�VL�D�PDL�GDW�VHDPD�FH�VH�vQWkPSOD�������6SXQH�DGHYDUXO��DFX]DW��$WL�ORYLW�R�SH�VRWLD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�FX�VFDXQXO�GH�OD�PDVD�GLQ�VXIUDJHULH"�'D����6L�QX�YD�SDUH�UDX"�%D�GD��VFDXQXO�HUD�DSURDSH�QRX�������'H�FH�FRQWLQXDWL�VD�YD�QHJDWL�IDSWD"�$WL�IRVW�GRDU�YD]XW�GH����PDUWRUL��'RPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��YD�SRW�DGXFH�����GH�PDUWRUL�FDUH�QX�P�DX�YD]XW�������'RPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��VXQW�QHYLQRYDW��$VWD�VSXQ�WRWLL����'DFD�VSXQ�WRWLL��vQVHDPQD�FD�H�DGHYDUDW����/D�WULEXQDO��(L�ELQH��GDFD�WRWXVL�DWL�JDVLW�DFHD�YHULJKHWD��GH�FH�QX�DWL�SUHGDW�R�SROLWLHL""""�3HQWUX�FD�DYHD�JUDYDW�vQ�LQWHULRU���$�WD��SHQWUX�WRWGHDXQD���������-XGHFDWRUXO��'HFL��GRPQXOH�,RQHVFX��DFX]DWXO�Y�D�QXPLW�XQ�PDUH�ERX�VL�GRELWRF"�'D��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��%LQH��ELQH���GDU�QX�SRW�VD�vQWHOHJ�GH�FH�O�DWL�GDW�vQ�MXGHFDWD""���8Q�MXGHFDWRU�FX�SULYLUHD�QFUXFLVDWD��DXGLD���LQFXOSDWL��WRWL�FX�SULYLUHD�vQFUXFLVDWD���-XGHFDWRUXO�vQWUHDED�SH�XQXO��'H�FH�O�DL�OXDW�SH�RP�OD�EDWDLH"�(X�QX�O�DP�OXDW�����1X�SH�WLQH�WH�DP�vQWUHEDW��1LFL�HX�QX�DP�UDVSXQV��������5HFXQRVWL�FD�DL�UXSW�PkQD�UHFODPDQWXOXL"�vQWUHDED�MXGHFDWRUXO��5HFXQRVF��GDU�QX�VXQW�YLQRYDW��SHQWUX�FD�HO�D�ULGLFDW�vQWkL�PkQD��6L�WX�FH�DL�IDFXW"�(X�DP�YUXW�VD�L�VSDUJ�FDSXO��QX�VD�L�UXS�PkQD����-XGHFDWRUXO�FDWUH�R�PDUWRUD��&kWL�DQL�DYHWL"�1X�XLWDWL�FD�DWL�MXUDW�VD�VSXQHWL�DGHYDUXO��'RXD]HFL�VL�XQX�VL�FkWHYD�OXQL��&kWH�OXQL"

Page 131: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�2�VXWD�]HFH����-XGHFDWRUXO�FDWUH�LQFXOSDW��-XUD�FD�YHL�VSXQH�DGHYDUXO�VL�QXPDL�DGHYDUXO��1X��QX�MXU��ÌWL�DWUDJ�DWHQWLD�FD�SHQWUX�PDUWXULH�IDOVD�FDSHWL�GRL�DQL�GH�vQFKLVRDUH��6WLX��'DU�GDFD�VSXQ�DGHYDUXO�FDSDW�]HFH�DQL����8Q�PDUWRU�OD�XQ�DFFLGHQW�DXWR�GHSXQH�PDUWXULH��-XGHFDWRUXO�vQWUHDED��$WL�YD]XW�DFFLGHQWXO"�'D��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��/$�FH�GLVWDQWD�WH�DIODL�GH�ORFXO�DFFLGHQWXOXL"�7UHL]HFL�VL�WUHL�GH�PHWUL�VL����GH�FHQWLPHWUL��6L�FXP�GH�VWLL�DVD�GH�H[FW�GLVWDQWD"�0D�JkQGHDP�HX�FD�YUH�XQ�LGLRW�GH�MXGHFDWRU�R�VD�vQWUHEH�DVWD��������5HFXQRVWL�FD�DVWD�HVWH�JHDQWD�FDUH�WL�V�D�IXUDW"�'D��GRPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU��'XSD�FH�R�UHFXQRVWL"�8LWH��GH�H[HPSOX��VL�HX�DP�R�JHDQWD�LGHQWLFD��7RW�FH�VH�SRDWH��FDFL�PLH�PL�V�DX�IXUDW�GRXD�JHQWL�%DQFXUL�FX�PDULQDUL��Ì�&DUH�VXQW�FXYLQWHOH�FDUH�IDF�UHFKLQLL�IHULFLWL"5��2P�OD�DSD���&DSLWDQXO�vL�LQVWUXLHVWH�SH�PDULQDUL��0DULQDUL�� SXWLQD� DWHQWLH�� YD� URJ� �� 7LQ� VD� YD� UHDPLQWHVF� XQ� OXFUX�� 'DFD� YRP� GHEDUFD� vQWU�R� WDUD� QHFLYLOL]DWD�� HVWHFRQWUDLQGLFDW�VD�EHWL�DSD��LDU�GDFD�YRP�GHEDUFD�vQWU�R�WDUD�FLYLOL]DWD��HVWH�FRQWUDLQGLFDW�VD�UHVSLUDWL�DHUXO���/D�ERUGXO�XQXL�YDV�DIODW�vQ�ODUJ��L]EXFQHVWH�XQ�LQFHQGLX��&D�VD�L�OLQLVWHDVFD�SH�SDVDJHUL��FDSLWDQXO�OH�VSXVH��1X�YD�IDFHWL�JULML��(VWH�DSD�GHVWXOD��$MXQJH�SHQWUX�WRDWD�OXPHD���8Q�YDSRU�HUD�SH�SXQFWXO�GH�D�VH�VFXIXQGD��0DL�vQWkL�VH�VDOYHD]D�IHPHLOH�VL�FRSLLL��VWULJD�FDSLWDQXO��SXQkQGX�VL�R�SHUXFD�SH�FDS���8Q�PDULQDU�GDUXLHVWH�VRWLHL��vQDLQWH�GH�D�SOHFD�vQ�FXUVD��SH�PDUH��XQ�YLEUDWRU��&X�HO�Q�R�VD�WH�PDL�VLPWL�VLQJXUD�/D�vQWRDUFHUH��vO�JDVHVWH�DUXQFDW�vQWU�XQ�FROW��1X�WL�D�SODFXW�FDGRXO�PHX"�'D�GH�XQGH��0L�D�]EXUDW�WRDWH�SORPEHOH����6WLL�FD�P�DP�PDULWDW"�6HULRV"�&X�FLQH"�&X�XQ�PDULQDU��(�SOHFDW�XQVSUH]HFH�OXQL�SH�DQ��6DUDFD�GH�WLQH��FXP�WUHEXLH�VD�VXIHUL����1X��R�OXQD�WUHFH�DWkW�GH�UHSHGH�����&DSLWDQXO�GH�SH�7LWDQLF�vL�VWUkQJH�SH�SDVDJHUL�VL�OH�VSXQH��$P�GRXD�YHVWL�SHQWUX�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��XQD�UHD�VL�XQD�EXQD��3H�FDUH�R�YUHWL�SULPD"�3H�FHD�UHD��ÌQ�GRXD�RUH��YDSRUXO�VH�YD�UXSH�vQ�GRXD�VL�VH�YD�VFXIXQGD��6L�FHD�EXQD"�9RP�OXD����2VFDU�XUL���8Q�PDULQDU�VWD�vQ�SRUWXO�0DUVLOLHL�VL�EHD�GH�QX�VH�PDL�WLQH�SH�SLFLRDUH��8Q�WUHFDWRU�LQWUD�vQ�YRUED��6WLWL�FD�DQXDO�PRU�SHVWH��������GH�IUDQFH]L�GLQ�FDX]D�EDXWXULL"��1X�PD�LQWHUHVHD]D��(X�VXQW�UXV���

Page 132: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��'H�SH�VFDUD�XQXL�YDSRU�DELD�DFRVWDW� vQ�SRUW��FRERDUD� vQ� IXJD�XQ�PDULQDU� GH���P�VL�����NJ�� ,D�XQ� WD[L� VL� LQWUD� vQ�SULPXOERUGHO��$MXQV� vQ�FDPHUD�FX�R�SURIHVLRQLVWD� D� DPRUXOXL� WDULIDW�� VH� GHVFKHLH� OD� SDQWDORQL�� vVL� UXOHD]D�SUH]HUYDWLYXO�SH� VH[XOHUHFW��GXSD�FDUH�vVL�LQWURGXFH�GRXD�WDPSRDQH�GH�YDWD�vQ�QDV��%LQH�ELQH��SUH]HUYDWLYXO�vO�vQWHOHJ��GDU�FH�URVW�DX�WDPSRDQHOH�DVWHD�GH�YDWD�vQ�QDV"�6WLWL��QX�VXSRUW�PLURVXO�GH�FDXFLXF�DUV������&DSLWDQXO�XQHL�FRUDELL��EkOEkLW�GH�IHOXO�OXL��XUPDULQG�vQ�]DUH�FX�ELQRFOXO��5H���UH����UHSHGH��RP�OD�DSD�6DU�PDULQDULL�vQ�PDUH�VL�O�VFRW�SH�XQXO�vQ�XOWLPXO�PRPHQW��$�GRXD�]L��5H���UH�����UH������UHSHGH��RP�OD�DSD�,DU�VDU�WRWL�PDULQDULL�VL�VFRW�SH�XQXO�JDWD�VD�VH�vQHFH��$�WUHLD�]L��5H�����UH�����UH����6DU�WRWL�PDULQDULL�vQ�DSD�LDU�FDSLWDQXO��5H����UHFKLQL����ÌQ�SRUWXO�&RQVWDQWD�VRVHVWH�XQ�YDV�HQJOH]HVF��'RFKHUXO�VWULJD�FDWUH�FDSLWDQXO�YDVXOXL��+HL�FDSLWDQH��<HV����$UXQFD�SDUkPD��VD�OHJ�YDVXO��,�GRQW�XQGHUVWDQG��IDFH�IRDUWH�FDOP�FDSLWDQXO��FDUH�QX�VWLD�URPkQHVWH��$UXQFD�ED�SDUkPD��IUkQJKLD�DLD�FX�FDUH�VH�OHDJD�YDSRUXO�GH�FKHL��,�FDQW�XQGHUVWDQG�\RX��3DUkPD��ERXOH��SD�Uk�PD��DUXQFD�SDUkPD��6RUU\��,�GRQW�XQGHUVWDQG��$UXQFD�SDUkPD��LGLRWXOH��FX�FH�YUHL�VD�WH�OHJ��FX�VLUHWXO�GH�OD�SDQWRI"�,�GRQW�XQGHUVWDQG�([DVSHUDW��GRFKHUXO�vVL�FKHDPD�FROHJXO��%DL��*LJL��WX�PDL�VWLL�FHYD�HQJOH]D��YLQR�vQFRD�FD�QX�PD�vQWHOHJ�FX�WkPSLWXO�DVWD�*LJL�YLQH�VL�]LFH��/DVD�O�vQ�VHDPD�PHD��+H\�VLU��<HV����$UXQFD�ED�SDUkPD��KDL�UHSHGH��,�GRQW�XQGHUVWDQG��3DUkPD��DUXQFD�SDUkPD�vQFRDFH��,�GRQW�XQGHUVWDQG��&H�IDFH"�&DQ�\RX�VSHDN�HQJOLVK"�<HV��IDFH�FDSLWDQXO�UDVXIOkQG�XVXUDW��$WXQFL�GH�FH�SDVWHOH�PD�WL�QX�DUXQFL�SDUkPD"���8Q�SURIHVRU��SH�SDUFXUVXO�SUHOHJHULL��VSXQHD�VL�DQHFGRWH��XQHRUL�FDP�SLSHUDWH��'RXD�VWXGHQWH�PDL�SXGLFH�VL�DX�]LV��'DFD�VL�PkLQH�PDL�]LFH�FHYD��QRL�LHVLP�$�GRXD�]L�SURIHVRUXO��FKLDU�GH�OD�XVD��vQFHSH��'RPQLVRDUHORU��VWLWL�FDUH�VXQW�FHL�PDL�ILHUELQWL�EDUEDWL�"�0DULQDULL�GLQ�&RQVWDQWD�&HOH�GRXD�VWXGHQWH�VH�ULGLFD�vQ�SLFLRDUH��)HWHORU��QX�YD�JUDELWL��5DSLGXO�VSUH�&RQVWDQWD�SOHDFD�DELD�SHVWH�WUHL�RUH����9DVXO� FX� H[FXUVLRQLVWL�� SULQV� GH� R� IXUWXQD� YLROHQWD�� HUD� LQ� SHULFRO� GH� D� VH� VFXIXQGD��8Q� WDQDU� FDUH� GXFHD� R� YLDWD�PDLGH]RUGRQDWD�H�GHRGDWD�FXSULQV�GHUHPXVFDUL��LQJHQXQFKHD]D�SH�SXQWHD�FDUH�VH�FODWLQD�LQJUR]LWRU��LVL�LPSUHXQD�PDLQLOH�VL�FX�RFKLL�ULGLFDWL�VSUH�FHU��VH�URDJD��2��WH�URJ��VDOYHD]D�QH��'RDPQH��VDOYHD]D�QH���'DFD�QH�FUXWL��LWL�IDJDGXLHVF�VD�PD�ODV�GH�EDXWXUD��GH�MRFXULOH�GH�QRURF��GHLQMXUDW����VL�PDL�IDJDGXLHVF����6WDL�DVD���LO�LQWUHUXSVH�SULHWHQD�OXL��1X�PHUJH�SUHD�GHSDUWH��PL�VH�SDUH�FD�YDG�XQ�YDV�GH�VDOYDUH�YHQLQG�VSUH�QRL�����1HYDVWD�XQXL�PDULQDU� vL�SRYHVWL�FHOHL�PDL�EXQH�SULHWHQH�FD�D�UHXVLW�VD�VL�FRQYLQJD�EDUEDWXO�VD� WLQD�UHJLP��'XSD�FDWHYDVDSWDPkQL��SULHWHQD�R�vQWUHDED��&XP�vL�PDL�PHUJH�VRWXOXL�WDX"�$�UHXVLW�VD�VODEHDVFD"�%LQHQWHOHV��6WLL�WDWXDMXO�SH�FDUH�O�DYHD�SH�SLHSW��UHSUH]HQWkQG�R�FRUDELH�FX�WUHL�SkQ]H�"�(L��DFXP�D�GHYHQLW�R�EDUFXWD����'RL�QDXIUDJLDWL�DX�UHXVLW�FX�JUHX�VD�DMXQJD�SH�R�LQVXOD�SXVWLH��6XQWHP�SLHUGXWL���1X�WL�IDFH�JULML��QH�JDVHVF�HL���&UH]L�"�6XQW�VLJXU���$P�GDWRULL�GH�SHVWH�XQ�PLOLRQ�GH�GRODUL��

Page 133: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���ÌQ�WLPS�FH�YDSRUXO�VH�VFXIXQGD��XQXO�GLQ�SDVDJHUL�vVL�IDFHD�ORF��GLVSHUDW��FDWUH�EDUFD�GH�VDOYDUH��&DSLWDQXO�vL�VWULJD��'RPQXOH��FH�IDFHWL"��ÌQFD�PDL�VXQW�IHPHL�OD�ERUG��(L��DVWD�L��1X�L�PRPHQWXO�VD�QH�JkQGLP�OD�SODFHUL����$QD�0DULD�VH�DIOD�vQWU�R�FURD]LHUD��(�WkQDUD�VL�IUXPRDVD��$GPLUD�IUXPXVHWLOH�QDWXULL�VL�WLQH�XQ�MXUQDO�GH�FDODWRULH��=LXD�vQWkL��$P�ULGLFDW�DQFRUD��7LPSXO�H�PLQXQDW���=LXD�D�GRXD��&DSLWDQXO�QDYHL�V�D�XLWDW�OXQJ�OD�PLQH��6H�SDUH�FD�vL�SODF���=LXD�D�WUHLD��&DSLWDQXO�PL�D�IDFXW�R�GHFODUDWLH�GH�GUDJRVWH���=LXD�D�SDWUD��0L�D�VSXV�FD�GDFD�L�UHVSLQJ�GUDJRVWHD�YD�VFXIXQGD�YDVXO�FX�����GH�FDODWRUL�OD�ERUG���=LXD�D�FLQFHD��$P�VDOYDW�YLDWD�D�����GH�RDPHQL������1X�DUH�QLPHQL�XQ�RFKHDQ�"�6L�WRWXVL��YDG�FD�SH�IDVLD�DLD�GH�SDPDQW�VH�SRDWH�LQWUH]DUL�XQ�JUXS�GH�RDPHQL���(X�YDG��FDSLWDQH���$P�RFKL�EXQL��6XQW�SDWUX�PDWHORWL�VL�XQ�VHI�GH�HFKLSDM�FDUH�VDSD��%UDYR��PDULQDUH��'DU�GH�XQGH�VWLL�FD�HVWH�VL�XQ�VHI�GH�HFKLSDM�"�(O�QX�VDSD��FDSLWDQH�����(UD�RGDWD�XQ�PDUH�SLUDW�VL�DFHVW�SLUDW�VH�GLVWUD�SXQDQG�LQWUHEDUL�LQFXLHWRUH�WXWXURU�FDSLWDQLORU�GH�SH�YDVHOH�FXFHULWH��,QWU�R]L�LQWDOQHVWH�R�QDYD�IUDQFH]D�VL�GXSD�FH�R�FXFHUHVWH��LO�LQWUHED�SH�FDSLWDQ��$X]L�FDSLWDQH���GDFD�WL�GDX�GRXD�SDFKHWH�GH�WLJDUL�WX�FDWH�DL�IL�LQ�VWDUH�VD�IXPH]L�"�8QXO��UDVSXVH�DFHVWD�LQVSDLPDQWDW��0DLQH�YHL�IL�GHFDSLWDW��UDVSXQVH�PDUHOH�SLUDW�$�GRXD�RDUD�SLUDWXO�LQWDOQL�R�QDYD�EULWDQLFD�VL�SRYHVWHD�VH�UHSHWD�GLQ�QRX��&DSLWDQH�GDFD�LWL�GDX���VWLFOH�GH�ZKLVNH\�WX�FDWH�DL�YUHD�VD�EHL�"�'RXD��UDVSXQVH�DFHVWD��9HL�IL�VL�WX�GHFDSLWDW��QX�DL�GDW�XQ�UDVSXQV�FRUHFW�$�WUHLD�RDUD��VL�XOWLPD��LQWDOQDVWH�R�QDYD�IDUD�GUDSHO�VL��GXSD�FH�R�FXFHUHVWH��LQWUHDED�GH�FDSLWDQ�FDFL�DFHVWD�QX�SDUWLFLSDW�ODOXSWD��8Q�SUL]RQLHU�LL�VSXQH�FDFDSLWDQXO�VWD�EHDW�LQ�PDJD]LD�FRUDELHL��'XFDQGX�VH�DFROR�SLUDWXO�LL�VSXQH��0DL�FDSLWDQH��VD�VWLL�FD�WL�DP�FXFHULW�FRUDELD��WL�DP�OXDW�FRPRULOH��RDPHQLL�WDL�VXQW�SUL]RQLHUL�DFXP����'DU�FDSLWDQXO��+DF��PDL�VD�VWLL�FD�PL�HVWL�VLPSDWLF���8LWH�FDSLWDQH�DP�DLFL�XQ�SDFKHW�GH�WLJDUL��GDFD�WL�OH�GDX�WX�FDWH�IXPH]L�"��LO�LQWUHED�SLUDWXO��+DF��GRXD��FD�DP�VL�LR�XQX��VSXQH�FDSLWDQXO�VFRWDQG�XQ�SDFKHW�GLQ�EX]XQDU��%UDYR�FDSLWDQH���'DU�GD�WL�GDX���VWLFOH�GH�ZKLVNH\�WX�FDWH�EHL�"�7UHL��FD�DP�VL�LR�XQD�OD�PLQH���]LFH�FDSLWDQXO��'D�XLWH�FD�DP�DLFL���QHYHVWH��FX�FDWH�DL�ILL�LQ�VWDUH�VD�IDFL�GUDJRVWH�"'DU�FDSLWDQXO�]LFH�WDFWLFRV��3DWUX��&XP�FDSLWDQH�FD�VXQW�QXPDL�WUHL�"�3DL�QX�WL�DP�VSXV�FD�PL�HVWL�VLPSDWLF�����&LFD�OD�FHQWUXO�GH�FRPDQGD�DO�XQXL�WUDQVDWODQWLF�vO�FKHDPD�FDSLWDQX�SH�VHFXQG�VL�L�]LFH��%D�VHFXQGXOH��WX�YH]L�FH�L�vQ�IDWD�QRDVWUD�"�(�XQ�LFHEHUJ��(L�ELQH�vQ�FXUkQG�QH�ORYLP�GH�HO�VL�QH�VFXIXQGDP��$VD�FD�IL�WX�EXQVL�GXWH�OD�SDVDJHUL�VL�SUHJDWHVWH�L�6H�GXFH�VHFXQGX�vQ�VDOD�XQGH�VH�GLVWUDX�SDVDJHULL��6WLPDWL�SDVDJHUL��FDSLWDQX�VL�FX�PLQH�DP�KRWDUkW�VD�IDFHP�XQ�SDULX�FD�VD�YD�GLVWUDP��'HFL�HX�]LF�FD�GDFD�GDX�FX�SXOD�GHPDVD�DVWD�VH�FUDSD�YDSRUX�vQ�GRXD�7RWL�SDVDJHUL�DX�VDULW�vQ�VXV��VL�DX�IDFXW�SDULXULOH��$FXP�YHGHWL�PDVD�DVWD"�)LWL�DWHQWL�6H�GXFH�VHFXQGX�OD�R�PDVD�R�LD�vQ�PkQD�VL�GD�FX�HD�GH�PDVD�3DF��EXP��WURVF��YDSRUX�VH�FUDSD�VL�VH�VFXIXQGD��3HVWH�FkWHYD�PRPHQWH��vQ�EDUFD�GH�VODYDUH�FDSLWDQX�FX�VHFXQGX��6D�WUDLWL��GRPQ�FDSLWDQH��DP�vQGHSOLQLW�VDUFLQD��,�DP�GLVWUDV�SH�SDVDJHUL��'D�FH�IDFXVL�PDL�VHFXQGXOH�FD�HX�DP�UHXVLW�VD�RFROHVF�vQ�XOWLPX�PRPHQW�LFHEHUJX"���8Q� WUDQV�DWODQWLF� QDYLJD� SULQ� PDULOH� QRUGLFH�� /D� XQ� PRPHQW� GDW� FDSLWDQXO� REVHUYD� XQ� LFHEHUJ� LPHQV� GUHSW� LQ� IDWDYDSRUXOXL��&ROL]LXQHD�ILLQG�LPLQHQWD�FDSLWDQXO�vL�RUGRQD�VHFXQGXOXL�VD�L�SUHJDWHDVFD�SH�SDVDJHUL�SHQWUX�LPSDFW��6HFXQGXO�VHJDQGHVWH�FH�H�GH�IDFXW�VL�LL�YLQH�R�LGHH����VD�FRQYRDFH�SDVDJHULL�VL�PHPEULL�HFKLSDMXOXL�vQ�VDORQXO�QDYHL��6HFXQGXO�LD�FXYkQWXO��%D��SXQHP�SDULX�FD�GDFD�GDX�FX�SX D�Q�PDVD�VH�VFXIXQGD�YDSRUX"7RWL��'RPOH��DVD�FHYD�H�LPSRVLELO��)XJL�PD�GH�DLFL�

Page 134: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

6HFXQGX�VFRDWH�SX D�VL�OD�VXQHWXO�GH�SHULFRO�DO�VLUHQHL�ORYHVWH�FX�HD�Q�PDVD�� ÌQ� ILQH����9DSRUXO�VH�VFXIXQGD�FD�Q� 7LWDQLF�'XSD�QDXIUDJLX�FDSLWDQX�FX�VHFXQGX�DJDWDWL�GH�XQ�EXWRL��&DSLWDQXO�vL�]LFH�VHFXQGXOXL��&H�FKHVWLH��vQ�XOWLPXO�PRPHQW�DP�HYLWDW�LFHEHUJ�XO����3H�PDUH��vQ�WLPSXO�XQHL�IXUWXQL��FRPDQGDQWXO�XQHL�QDYH�PLOLWDUH�REVHUYD�OXPLQD�XQHL�DOWH�QDYH�FH�VH�vQGUHSWD�VSUH�D�OXL��,DSRUWDYRFHD�VL�VWULJD��+HL��YRL��YLUDWL�FX����JUDGH�VSUH�VXG��%D�WX�VD�YLUH]L�FX����JUDGH�VSUH�QRUG��(X�VXQW�FRPDQGDQW�GH�QDYD�VL�vWL�RUGRQ�VD�YLUH]L�FX����JUDGH�VSUH�VXG��,DU�HX�VLQW�FLYLO�VL�vWL�VSXQ�FD�WX�R�VD�YLUH]L�FX����JUDGH�VSUH�QRUG�ÌQIXULDW�GH�WRW��FDSLWDQXO�JDVHVWH�DUJXPHQWXO�GHFLVLY��$FHDVWD�HVWH�R�QDYD�PLOLWDUD��$VD�FD�YLUDWL�FX����JUDGH�VSUH�VXG��(X�VSXQ�WRWXVL�FD�WX�R�VD�YLUH]L��$FHVWD�HVWH�XQ�IDU������&219(56$7,(�5$',$/$�,1�2&($1$VWD�H�R�WUDQVFULSWLH�D�XQHL�FRQYRUELUL�UDGLDOH�UHDOH�LQWUH�XQ�YDV�GLQ$UPDWD�6WDWHORU�8QLWH�VL�DXWRULWDWLOH�FDQDGLHQH�GH�FRDVWD�GLQ�1HZIRXQGODQGLQ�RFWRPEULH������$PHULFDQL��9D�UXJDP��VFKLPEDWL�GLUHFWLD�YRDVWUD�FX����JUDGH�OD�QRUG�FXPRWLYXO�GH�D�HYLWD�FLRFQLUHD�&DQDGLHQL��5HFRPDQGDP�FD�'9�VD�VFKLPEDWL�GLUHFWLD�92$675$�FX����JUDGH�ODVXG�FD�VD�HYLWDP�FLRFQLUHD�$PHULFDQL��$LFL�FDSLWDQXO�YDVXOXL�$UPDWHL�68$��5HSHW��VFKLPEDWL�GLUHFWLD�&DQDGLHQL��1X��UHSHWDP��YRL�WUHEXLH�VD�VFKLPEDWL�GLUHFWLD�$PHULFDQL��$,&,�6817(0�3257$9,218/�$%5+$0�/,1&2/1��$/�'2,/($�9$6,1',0(16,81,�$/�)/27(,�67$7(/25�81,7(�$/(�$0(5,&,,�,1�2&($18/$7/$17,&��1(,1727(6&�75(,�',6758*$72$5(��75(,�&58&,6$725,�6,�180(52$6(�9$6('(635,-,1�&(5�&$�'9�6$�9$�6&+,0%$7,�',5(&7,$�&8����*5$'(�/$�125'��6$8�920/8$�0$685,3(1758�$�*$5$17$�6(&85,7$7($�$&(678,�9$6�&DQDGLHQL��6XQWHP�XQ�IDU��9RL�KRWDULWL����([DPHQ�GH�DEVROYLUH�OD�$FDGHPLD�GH�0DULQD��&H�IDFL�GDFD�vQ�IDWD�QDYHL�YLQH�XQ�XUDJDQ�VWUDVQLF��FKLDU�FkQG�HVWL�DSURDSH�GH�WDUP"�$UXQF�LPHGLDW�DQFRUD��GRPQXOH�FRPDQGDQW��6L�GDFD�YLQH�XQ�DOW�XUDJDQ�GLQ�VSDWH"�$UXQF�GLQ�QRX�DQFRUD��GRPQXOH��6L�GDFD�YLQH�DOWXO�GH�OD�WULERUG"�2UGRQ�DUXQFDUHD�DQFRUHL����6L�GH�XQGH�QDLED�DL�DWvWHD�DQFRUH"�'DU�GY��GH�XQGH�DWL�IDFXW�URVW�GH�DWvWHD�XUDJDQH"���'H�SH�VFDUD�XQXL�YDSRU�DELD�DFRVWDW�vQ�SRUW��FRERDUD�vQ�IXJD�XQ�PDULQDU�GH�P�VL�����NJ��,D�XQ�WD[L�VL�LQWUD�LQ�SULPXO�ERUGHO��$MXQV�LQ�FDPHUD�FX�RSURIHVLRQLVWD�D�DPRUXOXL�WDULIDW��VH�GHVFKHLH�OD�SDQWDORQL��LVL�UXOHD]DSUH]HUYDWLYXO�SH�VH[XO�HUHFW��GXSD�FDUH�LVL�LQWURGXFH�GRXD�WDPSRDQH�GH�YDWDLQ�QDV���%LQH�ELQH��SUH]HUYDWLYXO�LO�LQWHOHJ��GDU�FH�URVW�DX�WDPSRDQHOH�DVWHD�GHYDWD�LQ�QDV"��6WLWL��QX�VXSRUW�PLURVXO�GH�FDXFLXF�DUV������%XOD�YUHD�QHDSDUDW�VD�VH�vQUROH]H�vQ�PDULQD�/D�FRPLVLH�FPDQGDQWXO�vO�vQWUHDED��%XOD�VWLL�VD�vQRWL"/D�FDUH�%XOD��'D�FH��QX�LHVWH�YDSRU"���6H�DGXQD�R�FRPLVLH� LQWHUQDWLRQDOD� VD� VWDELOHDVFD�SH�FHL�PDL� WDUL�PDULQDUL��9LQ� WUHL� HFKLSH�� FHD�DPHULFDQD�FX�PDULQDUXO-RKQ��FHD�UXVD�FX�,YDQ�VL�FHD�URPkQD�FX�,RQ���%XQ���+DL�VD�YHGHP�FH�VWLX�VD�IDFD����]LFH�FRPLVLD��3ULPLL�DPHULFDQLL��6HIXO�GHOHJDWLHL�vL�FRPDQGD�OXL�-RKQ�

Page 135: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�-RKQ��VDUL�vQ�DSD�VL�DGX�XQ�UHFKLQ�6DUH�-RKQ�vQ�DSD��VH�vQWRDUFH�IDUD�R�PkQD��GDU�DGXFH�UHFKLQXO��$DDDD��$VWD�H�PL]LOLF��]LF�UXVLL��,D�ILWL�DWHQWL�OD�,YDQ��,YDQH��VDUL�vQ�DSD�VL�DGX�GRL�UHFKLQL�6DUH�,YDQ��VH�vQWRDUFH�IDUD�R�PkQD�VL�IDUD�XQ�SLFLRU��GDU�DGXFH�GRL�UHFKLQL��/D�FDUH�VHIXO�GHOHJDWLHL�URPkQH��/D�QRL��FKHVWLD�DVWD�FX�SULQV�UHFKLQL�H�WUHDED�GH�PXLHUL����&XP�GUDFX��"��vQWUHDED�FRPLVLD��3DL�LD�ILWL�DWHQWL�DLFL��]LFH�VHIXO�GHOHJDWLHL�URPkQH�VL�VH�vQWRDUFH�VSUH�,RQ�]LFkQG��,RDQH��VDUL�vQ�DSD�VL�DGX�WUHL�UHFKLQL�6H�XLWD�,RQ�OD�HO��vO�PDVRDUD�GLQ�FDS�SkQD�vQ�SLFLRDUH��GXSD�FDUH�VSXQH��6D�VDUD�PDWD��ED�����6WHZDUGXO�PHUJH�OD�FDSLWDQ��&DSLWDQH�DYHP�XQ�SDVDJHU�RUE�OD�ERUG��&H�VD�IDFHP�FX�HO"�$UXQFDWL�O�LPHGLDW�SHVWH�ERUG�'XSD����PLQXWH�VWHZDUGXO��&DSLWDQH��&H�VD�IDFHP�FX�FkLQHOH"���'XSD�WUHL�]LOH�SH�PDUH�XQ�PDULQDU�DO�XQXL�YDV�GH�SHVFXLW�JDVHVWH�vQ�FDOD�R�WkQDUD�FDUH�VH�DVFXQVHVH�vQ�FDOD��2�VFRDWH�GLQWUHSDUkPH�VL�vL�]LFH��6L�DFXP�FH�VD�IDF�FX�WLQH"/D�FDUH�HD�Uk]kQG��6H�YHGH�FD�QX�HVWL�GH�SUHD�PXOW�WLPS�PDULQDU����6DX"���%DQFXUL�FX�PLOLWLHQL���6WLWL�FDWH�EDQFXUL�FX�SROLWDL�VXQW�vQ�OXPHD�DVWD"5�1LFL�XQXO�WRDWH�VXQW�DGHYDUDWH����'H�FH�HVWH�QHYRLH�GH�FLQFL�SROLWLVWL�SHQWUX�D�VFKLPED�XQ�EHF"5�8QXO�VD�WLQD�EHFXO�VL�FHLODOWL�SDWUX�VD�vQYkUWD�PDVD����'H�FkWL�SROLWDL�HVWH�QHYRLH�SHQWUX�D�vQVXUXED�XQ�EHF5�'H�����XQX�WLQH�EHFXO�LQ�GXOLH�DVH]DW�SH�R�PDVD��SDWUX�vQYkUW�GH�PDVD��XQXO�VH�vQYkUWH�vQ�VHQV�LQYHUV�FD�VD�QX�DPHWHDVFDFHLODOWL��XQXO�VWD�GH�VDVH�OD�FXUHQW����'H�FkWL�SROLWLVWL�HVWH�QHYRLH�VD�VH�vQVXUXEH]H�XQ�EHF"5�'H�XQXO�VLQJXU��$FXP�HVWH�GHVWHSW�VL�VWLH�FD�3DPkQWXO�VH�vQYDUWH�VL�VWD�FX�EHFXO�vQ�PkQD����'H�FH�PHUJHDX�PLOLWLHQLL�FkWH�WUHL�SH�VWUDGD"5�3DL�XQXO�VWLD�VD�VFULH��XQXO�VWLD�VD�FLWHDVFD��LDU�DO�WUHLOHD�vL�SD]HD�SH�FHL�GRL�LQWHOHFWXDOL����&XP�VWLH�PLOLWLDQXO�FD�VL�D�SXV�FKLORWLL�FRUHFW�VL�QX�LQYHUV"5�6LPSOX��FX�JDOEHQXO�vQDLQWH�VL�FX�PDUR�XO�vQDSRL����'H�FH�SROLWDLL�PHUJ�SH�PLMORFXO�VWUD]LL"5�VD�QX�VH�UDVWRDUQH�VWUDGD�FX�HL����'H�FH�SROLWLVWLL�DX�GXQJD�ODWHUDOD�OD�SDQWDORQL"5�&D�VD�QX�L�LD�SH�GRV����'H�FH�SROLWLVWLL�DX�GXQJD�URVLH�OD�SDQWDORQL"5�&D�VD�QX�L�LD�SH�GRV�����'H�FH�SROLWLVWLL�DX�GXQJD�URVLH�OD�SDQWDORQL"5�&D�QX�OH�D�PDL�vQFDSXW�vQ�EXOHWLQ�����'H�FH�SRDUWD�SROLWLVWLL�WUHVH�GH�PHWDO�"5�&D�VD�DXGD�FkQG�SORXD�

Page 136: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����'H�FH�SRDUWD�SROLWLVWLL�WUHVH�GH�PHWDO�SH�DPELL�XPHUL�"5�&D�VD�DXGD�VWHUHR�����'H�FH�SRDUWD�SROLWLVWLL�PDQXVL�SkQD�OD�FRW�"5�&D�VD�VWLH�GH�XQGH�VD�vQGRDLH�PkQD�����'H�FH�SRDUWD�SROLWLVWLL�PDQXVL�"5�&D�VD�QX�OL�VH�YDGD�MHJXO�GH�VXE�XQJKLL�����'H�FH�DX�SROLWLVWLL�GH�OD�FLUFXODWLH�QDVWXUL�SH�PDQXVL"5�6D�QX�VH�VWHDUJD�FX�HOH�OD�QDV�����'H�FH�VXQW�OXVWUXLWL�QDVWXULL"5�3HQWUX�FD�VH�VWHUJ�����'H�FH�XQ�SROLWLVW�DUH�SH�QRSWLHUD�GRXD�SDKDUH���XQXO�FX�DSD�VL�XQXO�JRO"5�3DKDUXO�FX�DSD�FLQG�vL�H�VHWH�VL�FHODODOW�FLQG�QX�vL�H�VHWH�����'H�FH�QX�VH�vPEROQDYHVF�SROLWLVWLL�GH�6,'$"5�)LLQGFD�QX�L�LXEHVWH�QLPHQL�VL�QX�VH�LXEHVF�QLFL�LQWUH�HL�����'H�FH�vQ�XOWLPD�YUHPH�SROLWDLL�vVL�OLQJ�FHDVXULOH"5�$X�DIODW�FD�7,&�7$&�XO�FRQWLQH���FDORULL�������'H�FH�SROLWLVWLL�QX�VH�VSDOD�SH�GLQWL"5�&D�OH�LQWUD�VDSXQ�vQWUH�GLQWL�����'H�FH�QX�VH�VSDOD�SROLWLVWLL�SH�GLQWL"5�3HQWUX�FD�QX�OH�vQFDSH�VDSXQXO�vQ�JXUD�����&XP�SURFHGHD]D�XQ�SROLWLVW�SHQWUX�D�DIOD�GDFD�PDL�VXQW�FKLEULWH�vQWU�R�FXWLH"5�'XFH�FXWLD�OD�XUHFKH�VL�FODWLQD�FDSXO�����&XP�VDSD�XQ�SROLWLVW�R�IkQWkQD"5�6DSD�XQ�VDQW�GH���PHWUL�VL�DSRL�vO�ULGLFD�vQ�SLFLRDUH�����'H�FH�XPEOD�SROLWLVWLL�GRL�FkWH�GRL"5�3HQWUX�FD�XQX�VWLH�VD�VFULH�VL�DOWX�VWLH�VD�FLWHDVFD�����'H�FH�PHUJ�SROLWLVWLL�SH�VWUDGD�FkWH���VL�vQVRWLWL�GH�XQ�FkLQH"5�&D�VD�DLED�vPSUHXQD����FODVH�VL�R�OLPED�VWUDLQD�����'H�FkWL�SROLWLVWL�H�QHYRLH�VD�DUHVWH]L�XQ�QHJUX�vQ�%URRNO\Q"5�'H�WUHL��XQXO�vO�WLQH�SH�QHJUX��XQXO�vL�SXQH�FDWXVHOH�VL�DOWXO�vL�FDUD�FDVHWRIRQXO�����'H�FH�vVL�EDJD�SROLWLVWLL�FDSXO�vQ�FORVHW�vQDLQWH�VD�SOHFH�OD�VHUYLFLX"5�&D�VD�VSXQD�FD�VL�DX�GDW�FX�DSD�GH�WRDOHWD�����'H�FH�H�FUHLHUXO�XQXL�SROLWLVW�HVWH�YDUD�PDUH�FkW�R�QXFD"5�3HQWUX�FD�YDUD�H�FDOG�VL�VH�GLODWD�������&kQG�DUH�SROLWLVWXO�FUHLHUXO�FkW�R�QXFD"5�&kQG�VH�LQIODPHD]D�����&kWL�SROLWLVWL�VXQW�QHFHVDUL�FD�VD�EDJH�XQ�VWHFKHU�vQ�SUL]D"5�2�VXWD��'H�FH"5�8QX�WLQH�VWHFKHUXO�VL����vPSLQJ�SHUHWHOH�����'H�FH�VH�vPEUDFD�SROLWLVWXO"5�&D�VD�VL�DFRSHUH�QHVWLLQWD�����&XP�VH�SRDWH�DOHJH�XQ�PLOLWLDQ�SURVW�GLQWU�R�VXWD"

Page 137: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�/D�vQWkPSODUH����Ì�&XP�PHUJ�OXSLL�SULQ�SDGXUH"5�ÌQ�KDLWD��H[DFW�FD�SROLWLVWLL����Ì�&XP�UHFXQRVWL�XQ�SROLWLVW�SURVW�vQWUH�PDL�PXOWL�SROLWLVWL5�,PSRVLELO��7RWL�VXQW�OD�IHO����Ì�&XP�IDFH�XQ�SROLWDL�QHFD]�XQHL�PXVWH"5�2�vQFKLGH�vQWU�XQ�ERUFDQ�VL�PDQkQFD�FDFDW�vQ�IDWD�HL����Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�vQWU�R�PLVLXQH�vQWRWGHDXQD���SROLWLVWL"5�8QXO�FRQGXFH�VL�FHODODOW�VWULJD��DOEDVWUX�DOEDVWUX������Ì�'H�FH�XQ�SROLWLVW�FDUH�WH�RSUHVWH�QX�WL�VH�DGUHVHD]D�SROLWLFRV"5�'�DLD����Ì�&H�GLIHUHQWD�HVWH�vQWUH�SROLWLH�VL�YkQW"5�3ROLWLD�EDWH�PDL�WDUH���Ì�'H�FH�SROLWLVWL�LDX�VDODU"5�)LLQGFD�SURVWLD�VH�SODWHVWH�������Ì�&XP�GHVFKLGH�XQ�SROLWLVW�R�FXWLH�GH�FRQVHUYH"5�'HVFKLGHWL��3ROLWLD����Ì�&XP�GHVFKLG���SROLWLVWL�R�FXWLH�GH�VDUGHOH"5�6H�DVHD]D�vQ�MXUXO�PHVHL�VFRW�SLVWRDOHOH�VL�VWLJD��,HVLWL�DIDUD�VXQWHWL�vQFHUFXLWL�����Ì�&H�]LFH�XQ�RP�IDUD�FUHLHU"5�$FWHOH�OD�FRQWURO���Ì�&XP�V�DX�vQQHFDW���SROLWLVWL�"5�8QX�PHUJHD�FX�EDUFD�� L�D�FD]XW�XQ�ERORYDQ�ÌQ�EDUFD�� L�D�VSDUW�R�VL�HO�V�D�DSXFDW�VD�PDL�IDFD�R�JDXUD�SULQ�FDUH�VD�FXUJDDSD���$O�GRLOHD�PHUJHD�FX�EDUFD��FX�PRWRU���L�V�D�VWULFDW�PRWRUXO�VL�V�D�EDJDW�VXE�HD�VD�O�UHSDUH�����QX�D�PDL�LHVLW����$O�WUHLOHD��D�IXPDW�R�WLJDUD�VL�GXSD�DLD�D�DUXQFDW�R�LQ�ODF��'XSD�FH�D�IDFXW�FkWLYD�SDVL�V�D�DUXQFDW�GXSD�HD�VD�YDGD�GDFD�V�DVWLQV���&HLODOWL�WUHL�DX�PXULW�OD�UHFRQVWLWXLUH�������9DULDQWDÌ�'H�FH�D�PXULW�SULPXO�SROLWLVW"5�0HUJHD�FX�EDUFD�FX�PRWRU�VL�DYHD�R�JDXUD�SULQ�FDUH�LQWUD�DSD��$�PDL�IDFXW�XQ�VD�DLED�SH�XQGH�VD�LDVD����9DULDQWDÌ�'H�FH�D�PXULW�DO�GRLOHD�SROLWLVW"5�0HUJHD�FX�EDUFD�FX�PRWRU�VL�L�V�D�RSULW�PRWRUXO��6�D�GDW�MRV�VD�R�vPSLQJD����Ì�'H�FH�DX�SROLWLVWLL�FDS"5�&D�VD�QX�OH�SORXD�vQ�JkW����Ì�&XP�PXOJ���SROLWLVWL�R�YDFD"5���WLQ�ILHFDUH�GH�FDWH��XQ�VkQ������WLQ�ILHFDUH�GH�FkWH�XQ�SLFLRU��LDU�XOWLPXO�FRPDQGD���6XV�YDFD����-RV�YDFD������Ì�&kWH�FLUFXPYROXWLXQL�DUH�XQ�SROLWLVW�""5�8QD��XUPD�GH�OD�FDVFKHWD�����Ì�'H�FH�FDUD�SROLWLVWLL�DSD�vQ�SRUWEDJDM"5�&D�VD�QX�OH�PRDUD�VLUHQD����Ì�&XP�DGXFL�FUHLHUXO�XQXL�SROLWDL�OD�GLPHQVLXQLOH�XQHL�QXFL"5�ÌO�XPIOL�FX�SRPSD�

Page 138: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����&DUH�H�FHO�PDL�JUHX�DQ�GLQ�YLDWD�XQXL�SROLWLVW"5�&ODVD�vQWkL�����'H�FH�VWDX�SROLWLVWLL�vQ�LQWHUVHFWLH�FX�IDWD�VSUH�QRUG"5�&D�VD�OH�FUHDVFD�PXVFKL�SH�SLHSW�������'LQWUH�GRL�SROLWLVWL�FDUH�XULQHD]D��FLQH�HVWH�FHO�FDUH�vVL�SURLHFWHD]D�MHWXO�FHO�PDL�GHSDUWH"5�&HO�FDUH�VL�GHVFKLGH�VOLWXO����8Q�SROLWLVW�EDWH�OD�XVD��'OH��XQ�QHFXQRVFXW�Y�D�IXUDW�DXWRPRELOXO��'DU�ILWL�OLQLVWLW��DP�QRWDW�QXPDUXO�����&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�SROLWLVW�VL�R�WDYD�GH�FDFDW"5�7DYD�����'H�FH�VH�EDW�GRL�SROLWLVWL�FkQG�VH�XUFD�SH�R�PRWRFLFOHWD"5�&DUH�VD�VWHD�OD�JHDP�����&H�IDF����GH�SROLWLVWL�vQ�IDWD�XQHL�VFROL�DMXWDWRDUH"5�$X�vQWkOQLUHD�GH����DQL�VDX�VHGLQWD�FX�SDULQWLL�����3RW�SROLWLVWLL�VD�vQRDWH"5�'D��SHQWUX�FD�DX�FDSXO�JDXQRV�������6WLDWL�GH�FH�QX�PDQkQFD�SROLWLVWLL�PXUDWXUL"5�3HQWUX�FD�QX�OH�vQFDSH�FDSXO�LQ�ERUFDQ�����'H�FH�QX�OH�LQWUD�FDSXO�vQ�ERUFDQ"5�'LQ�FDX]D�FR]RURFXOXL����2�IDWD�HUD�SH��VWRS��VL�XQ�SROLWLVW�vQFHUFD�VD�R�GHD�MRV�����&DUH�DQLPDOH�vVL�SRDUWD�RUJDQXO�VH[XDO�SH�VSDWH"5�&DLL�SROLWLHL����&DUH�HVWH�FHO�PDL�VFXUW�EDQF�FX�SROLWLVWL"5��8Q�SROLWLVW�PHUJHD�SH�VWUDGD�VL�VH�JkQGHD��������'H�FH�VH�UXSH�R�EDQFD�FkQG�VH�DVHD]D�XQ�SROLWLVW�SH�HD"5�&LQH�H�PDL�GHVWHSW�FHGHD]D�SULPXO�����&H�HVWL�DWXQFL�FkQG�XQ�PLOLWLDQ�vWL�VSXQH�FD�HVWL�XQ�SURVW"5�2�RJOLQGD������8Q�SROLWLVW�VH�EDUELHUHVWH��6XQD�WHOHIRQXO��3ROLWLVWXO�VH�WDLH�GH�EXQDYRLH���'H�FH"5�6D�VWLH�XQGH�D�UDPDV�������'H�FH�QX�VH�DGPLQLVWUHD]D�9LDJUD�SROLWLVWLORU"5�3HQWUX�FD�OL�VH�XPIOD�FDSXO������8Q�SROLWLVW�DOHUJD�GXSD�XQ�KRW�VL�OD�SULPXO�FROW��O�D�vQWUHFXW����8Q�PLOLWLDQ�HUD�DWkW�GH�SURVW�vQFkW�VL�DX�GDW�VHDPD�VL�FROHJLL�OXL�����'H�FH�QX�PHUJ�SROLWLVWLL�FX�PDVLQD�FkQG�SORXD�VDX�QLQJH"5�3HQWUX�FD�VH�XLWD�vQ�FRQWUDWLPS�FX�VWHUJDWRDUHOH�VL�DPHWHVF�����'H�FH�DX�SROLWLVWL�FKLSLX"5�7RDWH�:&XULOH�DX�FDSDF�����'H�FH�XQ�SROLWLVW�vVL�SXQH�FRSLOXO�SH�GXODS"5�&kQG�D�FD]XW�GLQ�SDW�QX�O�D�DX]LW�

Page 139: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���&H�VWD�SH�R�SODFD�FRPHPRUDWLYD�SH�XQ�SHUHWH�vQ�GUHSWXO�XQHL�JXUL�GH�FDQDO"5�$LFL�D�FD]XW�FDSLWDQXO�GH�SROLWLH�9DVLOH������Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�SROLWLVW�VL�XQ�SDKDU�FX�LDXUW"5�6SUH�GHRVHELUH�GH�SROLWLVW��LDXUWXO�GH]YROWD�GXSD�XQ�DQXPLW�WLPS�R�DQXPLWD�FXOWXUD����Ì�'H�FH�vVL�EDW�SROLWLVWLL�QHYHVWHOH"5�6D�QX�VL�SLDUGD�DQWUHQDPHQWXO����Ì�'H�FH�QX�FXQRVF�SROLWLVWLL�OHJHD�JUDYLWDWLHL"5�3HQWUX�FD�QX�HVWH�vQ�&RGXO�3HQDO����Ì�'XSD�FH�UHFXQRVWL�XQ�SROLWLVW�vQ�PDJD]LQXO�GH�SDQWRIL"5�(O�H�VLQJXUXO�FDUH�SUREHD]D�FXWLLOH������Ì�&H�H�OD�vQFHSXW�DOEDVWUX�VL�DSRL�URVX"5�8Q�SROLWLVW�vQ�JULQGLQD�������Ì�&H�SUREH�DUH�XQ�WULDWORQ�GH�SROLWLVWL"5�&LWLW��VFULV��VRFRWLW������Ì�&H�IDFH�XQ�SROLWLVW�FDUH�D�FkVWLJDW�XQ�PLOLDUG�OD�ORWR"5�ÌVL�FXPSDUD�R�LQWHUVHFWLH�VL�VH�SULYDWL]HD]D������Ì�&HUH�H�DVHPDQDUH�GLQWUH�XQ�SROLWLVW�VL�XQ�D]LODQW"5�$PELL�vVL�SULPHVF�KDLQHOH�SODWLWH�GH�VWDW������Ì�&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�XQ�SROLWLVW�VL�XQ�WUHQ"5�$PELL�DX�GRXD�FODVH������Ì�'DU�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�SROLWLVW�VL�XQ�WUHQ"5�3ROLWLVWXO�DUH�FODVD�,�GH�GRXD�RUL������Ì�'H�FH�V�DX�vPSXVFDW�GRL�PLOLWLHQL�OD�,QWHUFRQWLQHQWDO"5�8QXO�vQFHUFD�VD�LQWUH�vQ�KRWHO�LDU�DOWXO�VD�LDVD�SHQWUX�FD�SH�XVD�VFULD�75$*(������Ì�'H�FH�SRDUWD�SROLWLVWLL�FKHVWLLOH�DOHD�UHIOHFWRUL]DQWH�SH�HL�"5�1X�PDL�VWLX�����SRDWH�DIODWL�YRL�������Ì�&H�vL�VSXQH�XQ�SROLWLVW�XQXL�SUH]HUYDWLY"5�$FRSHUD�PD�FD�LQWUX����3H� YUHPHD� �vPSXVFDWXOXL��� FkQG� UHVWULFWLLOH� WUDQVIRUPDVHUD� EHQ]LQD� vQWUXQ� EXQ� GH� VSHFXOD�� GRL� PLOLWLHQL� DX� RSULW� XQDXWRPRELO�VL�O�DX�VRPDW�SH�VRIHU��3RUWEDJDMXO�DVWD�H�VXVSHFW�VL�YUHP�VD�L�YHULILFDP�FRQWLQXWXO�GHVFKLGH�O�6RIHUXO�D�ULGLFDW�FDSRWD�VL���LQWUDGHYDU��DFROR�VH�DOLSHDX�vQWUR�PD[LPD�vQJKHVXLDOD�R�JURD]D�GH�FDQLVWUH�SOLQH��LDU�XQXO�GLQWUHPLOLWLHQL��XPIODW�GH�DURJDQWD�O�D�LQWHURJDW�SH�FHO�vQ�FXOSD�GHVSUH�FRQWLQXW�6RIHUXO�vQVD�L�D�UDVSXQV��OLQLVWLW��7RDWH�VXQW�SOLQH�GRDU�FX�DSD��WRY�XOH��+PP��'XPQHDWD�QH�LHL�GH�SURVWL"��ULSRVWDUD�LQWULJDWL�PLOLWLHQLL��3H�FXYDQW��FD�H�DVD�FXP�VSXQ���D�DGDXJDW�VRIHUXO���VL��GDFD�GRULWL�VD�YD�FRQYLQJHWL��SRIWLP��JXVWDWL�GH�XQGH�YRLWL�'Y�8QXO�GLQWUH�RDPHQLL�RUGLQHL�GHVWXSD�LQ�JUDED�GRSXULOH�FDWRUYD�FDQLVWUH�VD�OH�GHJXVWH�FRQWLQXWXO�DSRL��SOLQ�GH�LQGLJQDUH��]LVHFDWUH�VRIHU��$L�LQQHEXQLW��RPXOH��FXP�LWL�SHUPLWL�VD�LURVHVWL�EHQ]LQD��FD�VD�FDUL�GRDU�DSD�DVWD�FKLRDUD��FDQG�R�SRWL�JDVL�RULXQGH"�&H�DL]LFH�GDFD�QRL�WH�DP�DPHQGD�XQ�SLF"�3DL��HX�FUHG�FD�JUHVLWL��VWLPDWH��UDVSXQVH�VRIHUXO�QRVWUX��VWLWL��OD�QRL�LQ�FRPXQD�H[LVWD�XQ�YHFKL�RELFHL�VL�HX�QX�IDF�DOWFHYD�GHFDW�VD�UHVSHFW�GDWLQD�VWUDEXQD�FkQG�PRDUH�FLQHYD��GXSD�FH�WUXSXO�GHIXQFWXOXL�H�VFDOGDW�FX�JULMD�WLPS�GH�FDWHYD�VDSWDPDQL�XUPDVLL�WUHEXLH�VD�L�SOLPEH�DSD�������8Q�SROLWLVW�vQWUHDED�UHFODPDQWD��$WL�SXWHD�VD�PL�GHVFULHWL�SHUVRDQD�FDUH�Y�D�YLRODW"�'DU��GRPQXOH�SROLWLVW��GRDU�QX�YD�LPDJLQDWL�FD�HX�vQWRUF�FDSXO�SHQWUX�RULFH�QLPH�Q�GUXP"

Page 140: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���8Q�SROLWLVW�RSUHVWH�R�PDVLQD��$FWHOH�OD�FRQWURO�3RIWLWL�5RVHQEHUJ�DL"�'D��5RVHQEHUJ�(YUHX�DL"�'D��HYUHX�'RXD]HFL�GH�PLL�DPHQGD�'H�FH�GRPOH"�$L�IDUXO�VSDUW�VL�ULVWL�VD�IDFL�DFFLGHQW�%LQH��SRIWLP�EDQLL�,D�PDL�GD�DFWHOH�DOHD����5RVHQEHUJ��DL"�'D��5RVHQEHUJ��DP�PDL�VSXV�RGDWD��(YUHX��DL"�'D�GRPOH�HYUHX��2�VXWD�GH�PLL�DPHQGD�'H�FH�GRPOH"�$L�FDXFLXFXULOH�X]DWH��Q�DX�DGHUHQWD�VL�ULVWL�VD�IDFL�DFFLGHQW�%LQH��SRIWLP�EDQLL�,D�PDL�GD�RGDWD�DFWHOH�DOHD����5RVHQEHUJ��DL"�'D��5RVHQEHUJ��DP�PDL�VSXV�RGDWD��VFULH�VL�DFROR��QX�VWLL�VD�FLWHVWL"�(YUHX��DL"�'D�GRPOH�HYUHX��,DU�vQFHSL"�&LQFL�VXWH�GH�PLL�DPHQGD��'H�FH�GRPOH��GH�FH"�6SXQH�PL�GRPOH�DL�FHYD�FX�PLQH"�$L�FHYD�FX�QXPHOH�PHX"�$L�FHYD�vPSRWULYD�IDSWXOXL�FD�VXQW�HYUHX"�$GLFD�YUHL�VD�PL�VSXL�WX�PLH��FD�$LVHQEHUJ�DOD�FDUH�D�VFXIXQGDW�7LWDQLFXO��QX�HUD�HYUHX"���8Q�RDUHFHUH�VH�vQWDOQHVWH�FX�XQ�SULHWHQ�PLOLWDL�����FDUH�WUDJHD�GXSD�HO�R�VIRDUD�����'H�FH�WUDJL�GRPQXOH�VIRDUD�DLD"�6WLL��DP�LQFHUFDW�V�R�vPSLQJ�VL�Q�D�PHUV�������8Q�SROLWLVW�PHUJHD�SH�VWUDGD�VL�GLQWU�R�GDWD�vL�FDGH�XQ�FXL�vQ�RFKL��6H�XLWD�VL�YHGH�SH�XQX�OXFUkQG�OD�XQ�EDOFRQ�1HUYRV�VHGXFH�OD�UHVSHFWLYXO�DFDVD��6XQWHWL�DUHVWDW��9DL�GDU�FH�DP�IDFXW"�0L�DWL�VFRV�XQ�RFKL��9DL��9D�URJ�VD�PD�VFX]DWL���2PXO�vL�GD���������OHL�VL�SROLWLVWXO�SOHDFD�EXFXURV�DFDVD��2GDWD�DMXQV�SXQH�EDQLL�SH�PDVD�VL� vQFHSH�VD�VH�JkQGHDVFD�FH�YDIDFH�FX�HL�'LQWU�R�GDWD�OXPLQDW�GH�R�UHYHODWLH�vVL�GD�VHDPD�VL�LHVH�GLQ�FDVD�PRUPDLQG�SW��VLQH�����PD�GXF�VD�PL�VFRW�VL�FHODODW�RFKL�VL�PL�FXPSDU�XQ�79�FRORU����8Q�SROLWLVW�DFDVD��UHOD[DW�VH�XLWD�OD�WHOHYL]RU��2�EDWDLH�SXWHUQLFD�6DUH��WUDJH�VHUWDUXO�����SLVWROXO����PLLQLOH�vQGRLWH�GLQ�FRW����WLSWLO�VH�DSURSLH�GH�XVD��OLSLW�GH�SHUHWH�3ROLWLVW��EDUEDWHVF���&LQH�L�"""1HFXQRVFXWXO��KRWDULW���(X����3ROLWLVWXO���WXPHILDW��ILRU�PHWDIL]LF���(8�"��"��"����ÌQWU�R�LQWHUVHFWLH�RSUHVWH�XQ�FRQGXFDWRU�DXWR��1HVWLLQG�FXP�VD�DMXQJD�XQGH�DYHD�QHYRLH��vQWUHDED�XQ�SROLWLVW�vQ�PDL�PXOWHOLPEL��vQVD�IDUD�VXFFHV�9D]kQG�FD�QX�VFRDWH�QLPLF�GH�OD�SROLWLVW�SOHDFD�PDL�GHSDUWH��'XSD�DLD�YLQH�R�EDED�OD�SROLWLVW�VL�vL�VSXQH���8LWH�PDLFD��RPX�DOD�VWLD�DWkWHD�OLPEL�VWUDLQH��/D�FDUH�SROLWLVWXO�vL�UHSOLFD��6L�OD�FH�L�D�IRORVLW�"���8Q�SROLWLVW��FDUH�QX�VL�IDFXVH�SODQXO�OD�DPHQ]L��LHVH�O�D�OXDW�FX�MDSFD�'HRGDWD�DSDUH�EDGHD�,RQ�vQ�FDUXWD��,RDQH�WUDJH�SH�GUHDSWD��FD�DL�vQFXUFDW�R��&RQGXFL�VXE�LQIOXHQWD�DOFRROXOXL���'D�GH�XQGH��6XIOD�vQ�ILROD�DVWD�6XIOD�,RQ��GDU�GHJHDED��3ROLWDLX�RIWLFDW�vQFHSH�VD�L�FDXWH�QRG�vQ�SDSXUD���'D�vQ�VWLFOD�DLD�GLQ�EX]XQDU�FH�DL�"�$OFRRO�"�7XLFD�"�1X�L�DVD�"

Page 141: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�'D�GH�XQGH��(VWH�ODSWH�GH�FRFRV�3ROLWDLX�FH�vVL�]LFH���GDFD�HVWH�WXLFD�O�DP�DUV��GDFD�QX�PDFDU�JXVW�VL�HX�FD�VD�YDG�FXP�HVWH�ODSWHOH�GH�FRFRV����'D�vQFRD�OD�YHULILFDUL��%DGHD�,RQ�L�R�GD��SROLWDLX�WUDJH�XQ�JkW�EXQ�VL�FRQVWDWD�FX�VWXSRDUH�FD�QX�HVWH�DOFRRO�ÌL�vQDSRLD]D�VWLFOD�VL�vL�GD�GUXPXO�VD�SOHFH��/D�FDUH�%DGHD�,RQ�VH�VXLH�vQ�FDUXWD��GD�ELFH�FDOXOXL�VL�VSXQH��'L�&RFRV��GLLL�������������&H�WDEORX�IUXPRV�DL�vQ�FDPHUD�DVWD��ÌWL�SODFH"�&H�YH]L"�1LVWH�OXSL��ÌQ�F U�VD�PD�SXSL��+D��KD��KD��FH�EDQF�EXQ��QX�PL�LPSUXPXWL�WDEORXO�VD�O�GXF�OD�FROHJLL�GH�OD�VHUYLFL"�+HL��LD�YHQLWL��FH�YHGHWL�vQ�WDEORXO�DVWD"�1LVWH�OXSL��3XSDWL�PD�Q�F U��+D��KD��FH�JUR]DY�EDQF��'D�PL�WDEORXO�VD�O�DUDW�VL�OX�VHIX��6HIX��FH�YH]L�vQ�WDEORXO�DVWD"�1LVWH�OXSL��,D�PDL�GX�WH�Q�SL D�PD�WLL����0LQLVWHUXO�GH�%XFXUHVWL�DX�KRWDUDW�VD�vL�SXQD�SH�WRWL�SROLWLVWLL� VD�YLQD�OD�XQ�OLFHX�VSHFLDO��FD�VD�DLED� VL�HL�PDFDU���FODVH�FkWH���LQVL�OD�XQ�ORF����3HQWUX�FD�WRWXVL�SRS DWLD�DYHD�QHYRLH�GH�SROLWLH��V�D�KRWDUkW�FD�SROLWLVWLL�VD�IDFD�XQ�FXUV�LQWHQVLY�GH�QXPDL�R�]L�VL�DSRL�VD�GHD�XQ�WHVW�VL�VD�SULPHDVFD�R�GLSORPD�FDUH�VD�DWHVWH�IDSWXO�FD�DX�WHUPLQDW���FODVH�������/D�RUD�GH�JHRPHWULH�SURIX�L�vQYDWD�GHVSUH�DULL�����DULD�SDWUDWXOXL�����DULD�WULXQJKLXOXL�����DULD�FHUFXOXL�����$�GRXD�]L�OD�WHVW���%D�YRL�DWL�PHUV�YUHR�GDWD�FX�WUHQX�"�'D�VD�WUDLWL���6L�QX�L�DVD�FD�vQ�WLPSXO�PHUVXOXL�DX]HDWL���WLJDGDQJ���WDJDGDQJ�"�%D�GD��VD�WUDLWL���(K���GDFD�URWLOH�WUHQXOXL�VXQW�URWXQGH����DWXQFL�FXP�GH�V�DXGH�DVD�"���VWDX�SROLWDLL�VH�JkQGHVF���VH�JkQGHVF���OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDWVH�ULGLFD�XQXO��'RP�SURIHVRU�HX�VWLX�GH�FH����FKLDU�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�QH�DWL�VSXV�LHUL������&H�Y�DP�VSXV�PD�"�3DL� GDFD� DULD� FHUFXOXL� HVWH� 3, �5� SDWUDW�� FkQG� VH� vQYkUWH� URDWD�� SDWUDWXO� DOD� GH� OD� DULD� URWLL� VH� ORYHVWH� GH� SDPkQW� VL� IDFHWLJDGDQJ����WDJDGDQJ�������ÌQ�XUPD�XQXL�DFFLGHQW�VRVHVWH�OD�IDWD�ORFXOXL�XQ�HFKLSDM�DO�SROLWLHL��8UPHD]D�FRQVWDWDUHD���2�PkQD�SH�VRVHD�����8Q�SLFLRU�SH�JDUG�����8Q�FDS�SH�WURWXDU��&HODODOW���1X�H�ELQH���8Q�FDS�SH�WRQWXDU����&HODODOW���1X�H�ELQH��$WXQFL�FHO�GLQWkL�vL�I WH�XQ�VXW�FDSXOXL�VL�VFULH��8Q�FDS�SH�VRVHD�����'RL�SROLWLVWL�GLVFXWD�SH�VWUDGD��%DL��WX�VWLL�GH�FH�H�FXQRVFXW�&ROXPE"�1X��ED�GH�FH"�%DL�ILLQGFD�D�VWDW�DWkWD�WLPS��VL�QX�O�DX�GHSLVWDW�DLD�GH�OD�)%,�FD�D�LQWUDW�vQ�$PHULFD�IDUD�YL]D�����3ROLWLD�HQJOH]D�VH�KRWDUDVWH�VD�WUHDFD�GH�OD�FLUFXODWLD�DXWR�SH�VWkQJD� OD�FHD�SH�GUHDSWD��&XP�VD� IDFD�"����QX�DX��NQRZ�KRZ���GHFL�FDXWD�VSULMLQ�SH�OD�DOWLL��/D�FLQH�VD�PHUJHP"�+DL�OD�SROLWLD�IUDQFH]D��FD�VL�DVD�QH�DP�OHJDW�FX�HL�SULQ�&DQDOXO�0kLQHFLL���)UDQFH]LL���'LQ�SDFDWH�QX�YD�SXWHP�DMXWD��QRL�OH�VWLP�SH�WRDWH�GDU�SH�DVWD�QX���/D�FLQH�VD�PDL�PHUJHP"�+DL�OD�SROLWLD�JHUPDQD��FD�HL�VXQW�PDUL�VXQW�FHL�PDL�WDUL�vQ�WRDWH�1HPWLL��'D��VXQWHP�FHL�PDL�WDUL�VL�PDL�RUJDQL]DWL��SXWHP�IDFH�RULFH�FX�PDUH�H[DFWLWDWH��GDU�FKLDU�OD�FKHVWLD�DVWD�QX�DYHP�H[SHULHQWD��/D�FLQH�VD�PDL�PHUJHP"�+DL�OD�SROLWDLL�URPkQL��FD�HL�VXQW�PDUL�PHVWHUL�vQ�WUDQ]LWLH�

Page 142: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5RPkQLL��'D��VXQWHP�FHL�PDL�H[SHULPHQWDWL�vQ�WUDQ]LWLL��FD�GRDU�GH���DQL�DVWD�IDFHP��GRDU�WUDQ]LWLL�VL�DGDSWDUL�GH�PRGHOH�&KLDU�SHQWUX�XQ�FD]�FRPSOLFDW�FD�DO�YRVWUX�DYHP�VROXWLD�LPHGLDWD��'DU��FD�RULFH�VROXWLH�YLDELOD��WUHEXLH�IDFXWD�WUHSWDW��vQ�SDVLPLFL�'HFL�vQ�SULPD�HWDSD�YD�SURSXQHP�FD��WLPS�GH�GRL�DQL��GRDU�FDPLRDQHOH�VD�FLUFXOH�SH�GUHDSWD�����8Q�SROLWLVW�PHUJHD�SH�VWUDGD��JDVHVWH�XQ�FLRE�GH�RJOLQGD��6H�XLWD�vQ�RJOLQGD��VH�VFDUSLQD�vQ�FDS��VL�]LFH���0DDDPDDDDDD��FX�DVWD�PD�vQVHDOD�QHYDVWD�PHD��0D�GXF�VD�L�DUDW�0HUJH�OD�QHYDVWD�VD�VL�]LFH��1HYDVWD�LD�XLWD�WH�vQ�SR]D�DVWD��FX�DVWD�PD�vQVHOL�WX�SH�PLQH"1HYDVWD�VD�VH�XLWD�VL�]LFH�vQ�JkQG��0DDDPDDDDDD�FX�DVWD�PD�vQVHDOD�EDUEDWL�PLX��0D�GXF�VD�L�DUDW�OX�PDLFD�PHD�0HUJH�OD�PD�VD�VL�]LFH��,D�XLWH�WH�vQ�SR]D�DVWD�FX�FLQH�PD�vQVHDOD�SH�PLQH�EDUEDWL�PLX�6H�XLWD�PD�VD�vQ��SR]D��VL�]LFH��&X�KRDVFD�DVWD����+DL�VD�PHUJHP�OD�VHIX�OXL�VD�L�VSXQHP�0HUJ�OD�VHIXO�OXL��FRORQHOXO�=JDPED��VL�L�VSXQ�FD�SROLWLVWXO�vVL�vQVHDOD�QHYDVWD�VL�L�DUDWD�SR]D�$FHVWD�VH�XLWD�FX�PLUDUH�VL�H[FODPD��%DDDDDDD�SDUFD�O�FXQRVF�SDVWD������&UHG�FD�L�+2026(;8$/�����ÌQWU�R�VWDWLH�GH�PHWURX�R�IHPHLH�WvQDUD�VWULJD��%UvQGXVD�DOED�GH�YvQ]DUH��%UvQGXVD�DOED�GH�YvQ]DUH�8Q�SROLWLVW�DIODW�vQ�]RQD�VH�DSURSLH��$LFL�HVWH�LQWHU]LV�FRPHUWXO�DPEXODQW��9D�URJ�VD�YD�OHJLWLPDWL��&XP�YD�QXPLWL"�$OED�%UvQGXVD�����3H�SODLXUL�PLRULWLFH�LQWU�XQ�DQ�GDW�GH�GXPQH]HX�PDL�ERJDW�VH�QDVWH�XQ�FRSLO�FDUH�DYHD�FDOLWDWL�GH�JHQLX��$VWIHO�FkQG�V�DQDVFXW�VSXQH��7X�HVWL�PDPD��WX�WDWD�VL�DVWD�H�QHD�GRFWRUX�6L�VH�DSXFD�VD�IDFD�QLVWH�HFXDWLL�GLIHUHQWLDOH�3DULQWLL�LL�]LF�GRFWRUXOXL��'RPQX�GRFWRU�PDL�WDLDWL�L�GLQ�FUHLHU�FD�H�SUHD�GHVWHSW�7DLH�MXPDWH�GLQ�FUHLHU�VL�FDQG�LHVH�DOD�GH�OD�RSHUDWLH�]LFH�7X�HVWL�PDPD��WX�HVWL�WDWD�VL�WX�HVWL�GRFWRUXO�6L�VH�DSXFD�VD�UH]ROYH�QLVWH�HFXDWLL�GH�JUDGXO�,��3DULQWLL�GLVSHUDWL�VSXQ��'RPQX�GRFWRU�WRW�H�SUHD�GHVWHSW�0DL�WDLDWL�L�GLQ�FUHLHU�,O�EDJD�GRFWRUXO�LQ�RSHUDWLH�VL�LL�VFRDWH�WRW�FUHLHUXO�&DQG�VH�WUH]HVWH�DVWD�GLQ�DQHVWH]LH�]LFH��1X�WH�FXQRVF�QX�WH�FXQRVF��QX�WH�FXQRVF��$FWHOH�OD�FRQWURO������9DULDQWD�/D�XQ�LQVWLWXW�DYHD�ORF�XQ�H[DPHQ�SHQWUX�VWDELOLUHD�FRHILFLHQWXOXL�GH�LQWHOLJHQWD�XQXL�FRSLO�PLQXQH��&RPLVLD�vL�GD�FD�VXELHFWR� SUREHOPD� IRDUWH� JUHD� GH� IL]LFD�� &DQGLGDWXO� UH]ROYD� FX� PDUH� XVXULQWD� SUREOHPD�� &RPLVLD� KRWDUDVWH� FD� LQGLYL]LL� DWkW� GHLQWHOLJHQWL�VXQW�SUHD�SHULFXORVL�DVD�FD� vL� VFRW� DVWXLD� MXPDWDWH�GH�FUHLHU��$UH� ORF�R�QRXD�H[DPLQDUH��5HVSHFWLYXOXL� L�VH�GD�RSUREOHPD�JUHD�GH�PDWHPDWLFD��,QGLYLGXO�R�UH]ROYD�vQWU�XQ�WLPS�IRDUWH�VFXUW��&RPLVLD�DMXQJH�OD�FRQFOX]LD�FD�HVWH�SHULFXORV�vQFRQWLQXDUH�VL�KRWDUDVWH�VD�vL�VFRDWD�WRW�FUHLHUXO��=LV�VL�IDFXW����'XSD�RSHUDWLH��OD�WUH]LUH��PHGLFXO�vO�vQWUHDED��&XP�WH�VLPWL"�+DL��$FWHOH�OD�FRQWURO�VDX�YLL�FX�PLQH�OD�VHFWLH������'RPQXOH�GH�FH�FRVWD�XQ�NLORJUDP�GH�FUHLHU�GH�VDYDQW��������OHL�VL�XQXO�GH�FUHLHU�GH�SROLWLVW��������OHL"�'XPQHDWD�DL�LGHH�FkWL�SROLWLVWL�D�WUHEXLW�VD�WDLHP�FD�VD�VWUkQJHP�XQ�NLORJUDP�GH�FUHLHU"����8Q�SROLWDL�FXPSDUD�FRQWLQXX�ELOHWH�OD�ILOP�OD�DFHODVL�VSHFWDFRO��&DVLHUD�vO�vQWUHDED�PLUDWD��&H�IDFL�'RPOH"�'H�FkWH�RUL�FXPSHUL�ELOHWH�SW��DFXPD"�'RDPQD�HX�QX�IDF�ELVQLWD�FX�ELOHWH�GDU�H�XQ�WkPSLW�vQDXQWUX�FDUH�PL�OH�UXSH�����8Q�SROLWLVW�VH�EDUELHUHVWH��6XQD�WHOHIRQXO��3ROLWLVWXO�VH�WDLH����'H�FH"�6D�VWLH�XQGH�D�UDPDV�������/D�XQ�H[DPHQ�GH�LQWUDUH�LQ�SROLWLH�V�DX�SUH]HQWDW���FRQFXUHQWL��GRL�GLQWUH�HL�ILLQG�SLOHOH�FXLYD�PDUH�GLQ�SROLWLH�,QWUD�SULPXO�FRQFXUHQW��SLOD�GRPQXOXL�FRORQHO�;�VL�H[DPLQDWRUXO�vQWUHDED����'XSD�FXP�VWLWL��vQ�DQXO������D�DYXW�ORF�R�PDUH�UDVFRDOD�WDUDQHDVFD�OD�FDUH�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�SHVWH��������GH�WDUDQL�3XWHWL�VD�PL�VSXQHWL�vQ�FH�DQ�D�DYXW�ORF�DFHDVWD�UDVFRDOD"&DQGLGDWXO��ÌQ�DQXO������

Page 143: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

([DPLQDWRUXO��3HUIHFW��VXQWHWL�DGPLV�,QWUD�DO�GRLOHD�FRQFXUHQW��SLOD�GRPQXOXL�JHQHUDO�<�([DPLQDWRUXO��'XSD�FXP�VWLWL�vQ�DQXO������D�DYXW�ORF�R�PDUH�UDVFRDOD�WDUDQHDVFD�OD�FDUH�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�SHVWH��������GH�WDUDQL�3XWHWL�VD�PL�VSXQHWL�FkWL�WDUDQL�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�OD�DFHDVWD�UDVFRDOD�"&DQGLGDWXO��3HVWH��������([DPLQDWRUXO��3HUIHFW��VXQWHWL�DGPLV�,QWUD�DO�WUHLOHD�FRQFXUHQW�IDUD�QLFL�R�SLOD�([DPLQDWRUXO��'XSD�FXP�VWLWL��vQ�DQXO������D�DYXW�ORF�R�PDUH�UDVFRDOD�WDUDQHDVFD�OD�FDUH�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�SHVWH��������GH�WDUDQL�3XWHWL�VD�PL�VFULHWL�QXPHOH�VL�DGUHVD�ILHFDUXLD�"����'RL�SROLWLVWL��%D��9DVLOH��FH�WUHPXUL�DVD��ED��FH�DL�SDWLW"�$P�VWDW�SXWLQ�vQ�IULJLGHU��'H�FH��ED"�3DL��6HIX��QX�QH�DWL�]LV�FD�SROLWDLL�WUHEH�VD�DLED�VkQJH�UHFH"����'RL�SROLWLVWL�vQ�HOLFRSWHU��%D�9DVLOH��FH�H�DLD�FDUH�VH�vQYDUWH�DFROR�VXV"�1X�VWLX�,RDQH��PD�JkQGHDP�VL�HX�OD�DVWD�'XSD�XQ�WLPS��9DVLOH��P�DP�SULQV�FH�L�DLD���&H�H��PD"�,QVWDODWLD�GH�DHU�FRQGLWLRQDW��3DL��FXP�WL�DL�GDW�VHDPD"�%D��QX�H�PDL�PXOW�GH�XQ�PLQXW�GH�FkQG�V�D�RSULW�VL�XLWH�FXP�FXUJH�VXGRDUHD�SH�SLORW�����8Q�SROLWLVW�UXUDO�vVL�SXQH�FDVFKHWD�DOED�VL�LHVH�OD�VRVHD��2SUHVWH�XQ�DXWRPRELOLVW�FDUH�GHSDVHD�YL]LELO�YLWH]D�DGPLVD�$FHVWD�VH�MXVWLILFD���6WLWL��HX�VXQW�PHGLF�SULPDU�VL�PD�JUDEHVF�OD�R�LQWHUYHQWLH��3H�FLQH�SDFDOHVWL�GXPQHDWD�"�&UH]L�FD�QRL�PDL�VXQWHP�PLOLWLHQLL�GH�DOWD�GDWD�"�2UL�HVWL�PHGLF��RUL�HVWL�SULPDU������2�JDJLFD�PHUJH�QRDSWHD�SH�R�VWUDGD�GH�SHULIHULH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��DSDU�QLVWH�WLJDQL�FDUH�R�YLROHD]D��6L�FD�VD�QX�SOHFHFX�PDQD�JRDOD��vL�LDX�VL�KDLQHOH�(D��FH�VD�IDFD��VH�EDJD�LQWU�XQ�ERVFKHW�VL�DVWHDSWD��'XSD�XQ�WLPS�DSDUH�XQ�SROLWLVW�*DJLFD�LL�SRYHVWHVWH�FH�VL�FXP��VL�vO�URDJD�VD�L�GHD�FHYD�VD�VH�DFRSHUH��FD�VD�SRDWD�DMXQJH�DFDVD��3ROLWLVWXO�vL�GD�VDSFD�(D��FH�VD�IDFD��LD�VDSFD�VL�vQFHDUFD�VD�DFRSHUH�FDW�SRDWH�vQ�]RQD�SXQFWXOXL�GH�LQWHUHV��$SRL�SOHDFD�3H�VWUDGD��VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�GRL�EHWLYL��6H�XLWD�HL�ELQH�OD�HD��%D��VD�VWLL�FD�DOD�H�SROLWLVWXO�SH�FDUH�O�DP�EDJDW�QRL�LQ�S D�PDVLL������2�SODFD�FRPHPRUDWLYD�SH�XQ�SHUHWH�vQ�GUHSWXO�XQHL�JXUL�GH�FDQDO����$LFL�D�FD]XW�FDSLWDQXO�9DVLOH������8Q�SROLWLVW�PHUJH�vPEUDFDW�vQ�FLYLO�OD�R�VWkQD��6WLLQG�FkWH�RL�VXQW�vQ�WXUPD�vL�VSXQH�FLREDQXOXL���%DGH��SXL�SDULX�SH�R�RDLH�FD�JKLFHVF�FkWH�RL�DL"&LREDQXO�DFFHSWD��SROLWLVWXO�JKLFHVWH��ÌVL�DOHJH�R�RDLH�VL�GD�VD�SOHFH�&LREDQXO�]LFH��2PXOH��vPL�GDL�RDLD�LQDSRL�GDFD�JKLFHVF�FH�PHVHULH�DL"3ROLWLVWXO�DFFHSWD��&LREDQXO�vL�]LFH��(VWL�SROLWLVW��'H�XQGH�VWLL"�3DL��vQ�ORF�RDLH�PL�DL�OXDW�FkLQHOH�����%XOD�OD�XQ�SROLWLVW��1HQH��KDL�VD�WL�VSXQ�XQ�EDQF�FX�SROLWLVWL��%DL��WX�HVWL�WkPSLW�(8�VXQW�SROLWLVW��6WDWL�FDOP�FD�YL�O�H[SOLF�SkQD�vO�vQWHOHJHWL�����8Q�SROLWLVW�vVL�IDFHD�URQGXO�GH�QRDSWH��$XGH�vQWU�R�WXID�

Page 144: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���������������&H�IDFL�ED�DLFL"�)ORWDUL��'D�OH�QFRDFH�VL�VWHUJH�R�����'LPLQHDWD�GHYUHPH��XQ�WLS�vVL�IDFHD�H[HUFLWLLOH�IL]LFH�vQWU�XQ�SDUF��FDSLWROXO�IORWDUL��7UHFH�XQ�SROLWLVW�VL�vQWUHDED��%DL��FH�IDFL�WX�DLFL"�)ORWDUL��VSXQH�WLSXO��)ORWDUL"�6H�FRQILVFD�����%XOD��SURDVSDW�DEVROYHQW�DO�VFROLL�GH�SROLWLH��VRVHVWH�DFDVD�Q�VDW� vPEUDFDW� vQ�XQLIRUPD��3H�SULVSD��VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�WDWDOVDX��%XQD�]LXD��WDWD��DP�VRVLW��9DG��ILXOH��DL�GHYHQLW�SROLWLVW"��'D��WDWD��9DG�FD�DL�EDVWRQ�GH�FDXFLXF��ÌO�SRWL�IRORVL"��%LQHvQWHOHV�%XOD�VFRDWH�EDVWRQXO��ORYHVWH�vQ�PDVD��LDU�PDVD�VH�UXSH�Q�GRXD��9DG�FD�O�VWLL�IRORVL��'DU�SLVWROXO�VWLL�VD�O�IRORVHVWL"�%LQHvQWHOHV��3ULYHVWH�FRFRVXO�GH�SH�JDUG�%XOD�VFRDWH�SLVWROXO��RFKHVWH��WUDJH�VL�FRFRVXO�FDGH�PRUW��9DG�FD�VL�SDVWD�O�VWLL�IRORVL��'DU�JUHQDGD�VWLL�V�R�IRORVHVWL"�%LQHvQWHOHV�%XOD�VFRDWH�JUHQDGD��vL�VFRDWH�FXLXO�VL�R�DUXQFD�VSUH�:&�XO�GLQ�FXUWH��vQ�ORFXO�FDUXLD�UDPvQH�XQ�PRUPDQ�GH�PROR]��)LXOH��YDG�F�DL�GHYHQLW�XQ�SROLWLVW�SULFHSXW��SDFDW�FD�PDLFD�WD�QX�WH�SRDWH�YHGHD��'H�FH��XQGH�L�PDPD"�(UD�vQ�:&�����6H�FDXWD�SROLWLVWL�FX�FXQRVWLQWH�GH�OLPEL�VWUDLQH��([DPLQDWRUXO�vQWUHDED��&DQGLGDW�GR�\RX�VSHDN�HQJOLVFK"�+DDDDDD���"�5HVSLQV��XUPDWRUXO����&DQGLGDW�GR�\RX�VSHDN�HQJOLVFK"�+DDDDDD���"�5HVSLQV��XUPDWRUXO����&DQGLGDW�GR�\RX�VSHDN�HQJOLVFK"�<HV��,�GR�([DPLQDWRUXO��+DDDDDD���"����1LVWH�PLOLWLHQL��SDUGRQ��SROLWLVWL���WHUPLQD�QLVWH�FXUVXUL��/D�SOHFDUH��LQVWUXFWRUXO�OH�]LFH��%DL�EDLHWL��VD�QX�XLWDWL�VD�YD�SXUWDWL�FD�QLVWH�FkLQL��DVKD�FXP�Y�DP�vQYDWDW�DLFL�6H�GXFH�*LND�DO�QRVWUX�DFDV�VXQD�OD�XVD��QHYDVWD�EXFXURDVD�FD�D�YHQLW�vO�LQWUHDED�FXP�D�IRVW��$VWD�vQFHSH��$XXXXXXXXXXX��DXXXXXXXXXX����$SRL�vO�LQWUHDED�QHYDVWD�FH�VD�vL�SXQD�GH�PkQFDUH��$VWD�LDUDVL��$XXXXXXXXXXXX��DXXXXXXXXX�����6L�XLWH�DVD�WRDWD�VHDUD�ÌQQHEXQLWD��DVWD�GD�XQ�WHOHIRQ�OD�QHYDVWD�XQXL�FROHJ�FX�FDUH�IXVHVH�OD�FXUVXUL��$X]L�GUDJD��*LND�DVWD�DO�PHX�VH�FRPSRUWD�FDP�FLXGDW��FDQG�vO�vQWUHE�FHYD�IDFH�DXXXXXXXX��DXXXXXXX��'UDJD��]LFH�FHDODOWD��ILL�PXOWXPLWD��FD�DO�PHD�V�D�EDJDW�VXE�PDVD�VL�VH�OLQJH�OD�S D�������6H�FHUWDX�GRL�vQ�PLMORFXO�GUXPXOXL��vQ�MXUXO�ORU�V�D�DGXQDW�R�PXOWLPH�GH�RDPHQL��8Q�SROLWLVW�FDUH�VWDWHD�PDL�OD�PDUJLQH��&HUWDWL�YD�PDL�WDUH�FD�DLFL�QLPLF�QX�VH�DXGH�������6H�GD�RUD�H[DFWD�OD�UDGLRXO�SROLWLHL��'LVSHFHUD�IDFH�DQXQWXO���(VWH�RUD��������3HQWUX�GRPQLL�SROLWDL��OLPED�PLFD�VH�DIOD�vQ�GUHSWXO�FLIUHL�����LDU�OLPED�PDUH�vQ�GUHSWXO�FLIUH����'XSD�R�MXPDWDWH�GH�RUD���(VWH�RUD��������3HQWUX�GRPQLL�SROLWDL��OLPED�PDUH�VH�DIOD�vQ�GUHSWXO�FLIUHL�����1X�YD�VSHULDWL��OLPED�PLFD�Q�D�GLVSDUXW��6HDIOD�GHGHVXSWXO�FHOHL�PDUL�����8Q�SROLWDL�VH�DGUHVHD]D�XQXL�JDUGLDQ��$X]L�PDL�VWLL�GH�FH�DWL�IRVW�LQYHQWDWL�YRL"*DUGLDQXO�UDVSXQGH��1X

Page 145: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

3ROLWDLXO�]LFH��6D�ILWL�PDL�SURVWL�GHFDW�QRL�����'RL�SROLWDL�VL�XQ�FkLQH�IDF�SDWUXOD��8QXO�GLQ�HL�VH�WRW�XLWD�SH�VXE�FkLQH��&H�DL�PD��OD�FH�WH�WRW�XLWL"�$X]L�PD�SXVWLL�FH�WUHFXUD�SH�OkQJD�QRL"�&LFD����8LWH�WUHFH�XQ�FkLQH�FX�GRXD�S H��"""����8Q�SROLWLVW�RSUHVWH�XQ�DXWRWXULVP��9HULILFD�WRDWH�DFWHOH��WRWXO�vQ�UHJXOD�FkQG�REVHUYD�FD�vQ�PDVLQD�VH�DIOD���SHUVRDQH��ÌPL�SDUH�UDX�GDU�FLUFXODWL�QHUHJXODPHQWDU�VSXQH�SROLWLVWXO����VXQWHWL���SHUV��vQ�PDVLQD��(L�VL�"�6XQWHWL���SHUVRDQH�vQ�PDVLQD���6L�FH�L�UDX�vQ�DVWD"�'RPOH�VXQWHWL���SHUVRDQH�vQ�$XGL�4XDWWUR��H�FODU�PDVLQD�DUH�GRDU���ORFXUL��vL�VSXQH�FODU�QXPHOH��TXDWWUR��vQVHDPQD��SDWUX���(VWH�TXDWWUR�GDU�HVWH�PDVLQD�GH���SHUVRDQH��1X�����$V�SXWHD�VD�YRUEHVF�FX�VHIXO�WDX�"�1X�����HVWH�RFXSDW�FX�GRL�WLSL�vQWU�XQ��)LDW�8QR������8Q�LQV�WUHFHD�SH�OkQJD�XQ�JDUG�GH�GXSD�FDUH�VH�DX]HD��&X�YHUGHOH�vQ�VXV��FX�YHUGHOH�LQ�VXV����&XULRV��WUHFDWRUXO�VH�VXLH�SH�JDUG�VD�YDGD�FH�VH�SHWUHFHD�DFROR��VL��FH�VD�YH]L��SROLWLVWLL�SODQWDX�EUD]L�����0HUJHDX�GRL�SROLWDL�SH�VWUDGD�VL�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YDG�R�EDOHJD�FDUH�VH�vQWLQGHD�DGHPHQLWRU�vQ�IDWD�ORU��9DL��,RDQH����$VWD�L�R�EDOHJD��1XXXX��GD�GH�XQGH��1X�VH�SRDWH��ÌWL�VSXQ�HX�FD�L�EDOHJD��1X�L�DGHYDUDW�6L�SHQWUX�D�VH�FRQYLQJH�VH�DSOHDFD�VL�vQPRDLH�GHJHWXO�vQ�EDOHJD�PRDOH�VL�SUUURDVSDWD�$SRL�D�LQWURGXV�IDUD�QLFL�R�MHQD�GHJHWXO�vQ�JXUD�VL�D�DILUPDW�FX�FRQYLQJHUH��'D�PDL��VD�VWLL�FD�DL�GUHSWDWH��(VWH�vQWU�DGHYDU�R�EDOHJD�����8Q�SROLWLVW�H[DPLQkQG�XQ�JHDP�VSDUW��(VWH�JUDY��HVWH�VSDUW�SH�DPEHOH�SDUWL�������'RL�SROLWLVWL�SDWUXOHD]D��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��XQXO�vL�]LFH�FHOXLODOW��,RDQH��VWHUJH�WH�OD�JXUD��5DKDW��$��VFX]H��DP�FUH]XW�FD�L�FLRFRODWD�����'LV�GH�GLPLQHDWD��OD�3ROLWLH�VXQD�WHOHIRQXO��$MXWRU��WULPLWHWL�GH�XUJHQWD�PDVLQD�GH�LQWHUYHQWLL��3LVLFD�D�LQWUDW�vQ�FDPHUD�2ILWHUXO�GH�VHUYLFLX�VH�HQHUYHD]D��&H�L�FX�JOXPD�DVWD�SURDVWD"�&LQH�L�OD�WHOHIRQ"�(X��UDVSXQVH�SDSDJDOXO�����'RL�SROLWLVWL�PHUJ�SH�VWUDGD��'HRGDWD�VH�vPSLHGLFD�GH�XQ�FDS�GH�PRUW��vO�LD�XQXO�vQ�PvQD��VH�XLWD�OD�HO����VL�]LFH��0DL��DVWD�L�FDSX�OX�VHIX��&XP�VD�ILH�FDSX�OX�VHIX��PDL"�'DFD�WL�VSXQ��(�FDSX�OX�VHIX��1X�ILL�ERX��PDL��6HIX�H�PDL�vQDOW�����8Q�SROLWLVW�RSUHVWH�R�PDVLQD��VH�DSURSLH�GH�HD�VL�L�VSXQH�VRIHUXOXL�VD�VXIOH�vQ�ILROD��1X�SRW�IDFH�DVWD��GRPQXOH�SROLWLVW��DP�DVWPD�VL�GDFD�DV�IDFH�DVWD�DV�IDFH�R�FUL]D�$WXQFL�SROLWLVWXO�vL�VSXQH�FD�WUHEXLH�VD�PHDUJD�OD�VSLWDO�VD�GHD�R�SURED�GH�VvQJH��1X�SRW�IDFH�DVWD��GRPQXOH�SROLWLVW��DP�KHPRILOLH�VL�GDFD�PD�vQWHS�VvQJHUH]�SvQD�PRU�3ROLWLVWXO�QX�FHGHD]D�VL�vO�LQYLWD�VD�GHD�R�SURED�GH�XULQD�1X�SRW�QLFL�DVWD��GRPQXOH�SROLWLVW��VvQW�VL�GLDEHWLF�VL�PL�DU�FUHVWH�IRDUWH�PXOW�]DKDUXO�GLQ�VkQJH��1X�L�QLPLF��DWXQFL�YD�URJ�VD�FRERUkL�VL�VD�PHUJHWL�SH�OLQLD�DVWD�DOED��1X�SRW�IDFH�QLFL�DVWD��GRPQXOH�SROLWLVW��UDVSXQGH�VRIHUXO��'H�FH"��vQWUHDED�SROLWLVWXO��3HQWUX�FD�VvQW�EHDW�

Page 146: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����,DUQD��GRL�SROLWLVWL�PHUJHDX�FX�YLWH]D�SH�DXWRVWUDGD�FX�XQ 7UDEDQW��'HRGDWD��VXQW�GHSDVLWL�GH�R�DOWD�PDVLQD�6RIHUXO�DFHVWHLD�VWULJD�OD�FHL�GRL�SROLWLVWL�DUDWkQGX�OH�VSUH�VSDWHOH�PDVLQLL��5RDWD��EDL�/D�FDUH�SROLWLVWL�GHVFKLG�JHDPXO�VL�VWULJD�VL�HL��+DL��KDL�����3HQWUX�ULGLFDUHD�QLYHOXOXL�GH�SUHJDWLUH�DO�3ROLWLHL��SROLWLVWLL� IDF�XQ�FXUV�GH�HGXFDWLH�VH[XDOD��$FROR��SH� OkQJD� OXDUHD�GHFRQWDFW�FX�PDWHULDOXO�GLGDFWLF��DIOD�VL�FXP�HVWH�FX�FRQFHSHUHD�FRSLLORU��FX�VDUFLQD�JUDYLGHORU��FX�QDVWHUHD�FRSLLORU�3ROLWLVWXOXL�$OH[DQGUHVFX� L� VH� VSXVHVH� FD� VDUFLQD�GXUHD]D��� OXQL� VL� FD�� DSRL�� vQ� OXQD� D� QRXD� VH� QDVF� EHEHOXVLL��$WXQFL�� FXQHGXPHULUHD�FD�HO�V�D�QDVFXW�WRWXVL�vQ�LXQLH��LDU�IUDWH�VDX� WRFPDL�vQ�GHFHPEULH�� LHVH�vQ�PLVLXQH�vQWU�R�LQWHUVHFWLH��2�PDVLQDFLUFXOD�FX�YLWH]D�H[FHVLY�GH�PLFD��vQFXUFkQG�FLUFXODWLD��$OH[DQGUHVFX�IOXLHUD�VL�RSUHVWH�PDVLQD��6DUXPvQD��$OH[DQGUHVFX��DFWHOH�OD�FRQWURO�6RIHULWD��R�GRDPQD�JUDYLGD��vL�vQWLQGH�DFWHOH��$YHWL�PDVLQD�GHIHFWD"�'H�FH�PHUJHWL�DVD�vQFHW"�1X��GRPQXOH��PHUJ�VL�PDL�SUXGHQW��QX�YHGHWL��VvQW�vQ�OXQD�D���D�$OH[DQGUHVFX�UDVSXQGH�VLJXU��GDU�HQHUYDW��'RDPQD��YD�EDWHWL� MRF�GH�3ROLWLD�5RPkQD"�&H�FUHGHWL�FD�QX�VWLX�FD�VvQWHP� vQ�PDL�� OXQD�D���D"�,D�SODWLWL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�RDPHQGD�������8Q�SROLWLVW�HPDQFLSDW�VWD�DODWXUL�GH�XQ�WLJDQ�SH�PDUJLQHD�GUXPXOXL��vQ�DVWHSWDUHD�DXWREX]XOXL��VL�L�VSXQH�DFHVWXLD��6WLL�WX�FXP�DUDWDP�QRL�GRL�DFXP"�1X��GRP�FDSLWDQ��vL�UDVSXQGH�WLJDQXO��&D�XQ�YXOWXU�VL�XQ�UDKDW��%LQH��GRPQX�JHQHUDO��$WXQFL�HX�WUHEXLH�VD�PL�LDX�]ERUXO�FD�PL�D�YHQLW�DXWREX]XO�����ÌQWU�R�LQWHUVHFWLH��GLPLQHDWD�GH�GLPLQHDWD�XQ�SROLWLVW�vO�RSUHD�SH�VRIHUXO�%XOD�VL�SHQWUX�WRW�IHOXO�GH�PRWLYH�vO�DPHQGD��%XQD�GLPLQHDWD��VHUJHQW�3RSHVFX�GH�OD�EULJDGD�GH�SROLWLH�UXWLHUD��DFWHOH�OD�FRQWURO��YD�URJ��%XQD�GLPLQHDWD��3RIWLP��$YHWL�QXPHUHOH�PXUGDUH��$PHQGD��������%XOD�SODWHVWH�VL�vQDLQWH�GH�D�SOHFD�vL�VSXQH��6D�IDFL�FD�SXLX�=LXD�XUPDWRDUH��LD�DPHQGD�FD�DUH�XQ�EHF�DUV��%XOD�SODWHVWH�VL�OD�SOHFDUH�VSXQH��6D�IDFL�FD�SXLX�6L�D]L�DVD��PvLQH�DVD��vQWU�R�GLPLQHDWD��%XQD�GLPLQHDWD��VHUJHQW�3RSHVFX�GH�OD�EULJDGD�GH�SROLWLH�UXWLHUD��DFWHOH�OD�FRQWURO��YD�URJ��6WLX��PD�DPHQGDWL�FD�QX�DP�VDSFD��1X��GRPOH��D]L�QX�WH�PDL�DPHQGH]��GD�]L�PL�VL�PLH�FDUH�H�FKHVWLD�FX�SXLX��3DL�SXLXO�FUHVWH��GHYLQH�FRFRV�VL�R�I WH�SH�PD�VD�����2UD��� GLPLQHDWD��8Q� HFKLSDM� GH�SROLWLH� RSUHVWH�XQ� DXWRWXULVP� SHQWUX� XQ� FRQWURO� GH� UXWLQD�� 3ROLWLVWXO� VH� GHSODVHD]D� ODPDVLQD�RSULWD��%XQD�GLPLQHDWD��VHUJHQW�3RSHVFX�GH�OD�EULJDGD�GH�SROLWLH�UXWLHUD��DFWHOH�OD�FRQWURO��YD�URJ��"�"�"�"�"��VRIHUXO�QLPLF�3ROLWLVWXO�FLRFDQHVWH�vQ�JHDP�VL�UHSHWD��$FWHOH�OD�FRQWURO��YD�URJ��"�"�"�"�"��QLFL�R�UHDFWLH�GLQ�SDUWHD�VRIHUXOXL�3ROLWLVWXO�GHVFKLGH�SRUWLHUD�PDVLQLL�VL�VRIHUXO�FDGH�SH�DVIDOW��&RQWUDULDW��vQWUHDED��$WL�FRQVXPDW�EDXWXUL�DOFRROLFH"�1XXXXXXX��GRP�VHI��$X]L�ED��SDL�FH�HX�VvQW�SURVW"�,D�VXIOD�vQ�ILROD�6XIOD�RPX�VL�QLPLF��ILROD�UDPvQH�DOED��3ROLWLVWX�vQ�JvQGXO�OXL��ED��ILU�DU�PD�VD�D�GUDFX��LDU�QH�DX�GDW�DVWLD�ILROH�H[SLUDWH��,D�R�DOWD�ILROD��YHULILFD�VD�DLED�WHUPHQXO�GH�YDODELOLWDWH�QHH[SLUDW�VL�vL�VSXQH�VRIHUXOXL��,D�VXIOD��ED��VL�vQ�DVWD�6XIOD�DVWD�VL�WRW�QLPLF��%D��WX�DL�EDXW��1�DP�EDXW��VHIX��/DVD�FD�WH�WULPLW�OD�LQVWLWXWXO�GH�PHGLFLQD�OHJDOD�VD�IDFL�DQDOL]D�VkQJHOXL�6RIHUXO�VSDVLW��1X�PD�WULPLWH��GRP�VHI��FD�PD�QHQRURFHVWL��(X�VvQW�VRIHU�SURIHVLRQLVW�VL�GDFD�vPL�LDX�DLD�DEHFHGDUX�UDPDQ�IDUD�SDLQH��$KDDDDDDD��GHFL�DL�EDXW��1�DP�EDXW��VHIX��'D�FXP�DL�IDFXW��ED"�6HIX��vWL�VSXQ�GDFD�PD�ODVL�VD�SOHF�

Page 147: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��%DJD��'LPLQHDWD�PD�VFRO�GHYUHPH��LDX�R�MXPD�GH�YRWFD��IDF�R�FOLVPD�FX�HD��RUJDQLVPX�VH�VLPWH�ELQH��JXUD�QX�PLURDVH����%DDDDDDDDDDD��HX�WH�ODV�VD�SOHFL�GD�VD�QX�PDL�VSXL�OD�QLPHQL��FD�WH�LD�PDPD�GUDFXOXL�'DFD�DIOD�VHILL�QRVWUL��GXSD�DLD�OD�FRQWURO�QH�REOLJD�VD�YD�PLURVLP�QX�QXPDL�JXUD��FL�VL�FXUX�����&RQFXUV�GH�SURPRYDUH�OD�PLOLWLHQL�3ULQWUH�SUREH��XQD�GH� LQWHOLJHQWD�� FDP�FD� OD�PDLPXWH�� R�SODFD�FX�R�JDXUD� URWXQGD� VL� XQD� WULXQJKLXODUD�� VL� GRXD� FHSXUL�� GHIRUPHOHFRUHVSXQ]DWRDUH��FDUH�WUHEXLDX�LQWURGXVH�vQ�JDXUL�5H]XOWDW�����GLQ�PLOLWLHQL�VXQW�LQWHOLJHQWL��UHVWXO�VXQW�SXWHUQLFL�VL�IRDUWH�SXWHUQLFL�����([DPHQ�GH�DYDQVDUH�vQ�JUDG��vQWU�R�XQLWDWH�GH�SROLWLH�XQGH�HUD�FRPLVDU�VHI�%XOD�5DVSXQGH�VHUJHQW�%ROERDF5��,D�VSXQH��FkW�IDF���;��"�6DSWH��VD�WUDLWL��ÌO�SLFDP��vQWUHDED�H[DPLQDWRUXO"�1X��UDVSXQGH�%XOD���D�IRVW�FRRSHUDQW���8UPDWRUXO�FDQGLGDW�SULPHVWH�DFHHDVL�vQWUHEDUH��5DVSXQV����;��� ����9HUGLFWXO��SURPRYDW��PRWLYDWLD���vQ�WLPSXO�H[DPLQDULL�DGRYHGLW�UHFHSWLYLWDWH�/D�DO�WUHLOHD�FDQGLGDW����;��� �����(�SURPRYDW�SHQWUX�IHUPLWDWHD�SXQFWXOXL�GH�YHGHUH�$O�SDWUXOHD�����;��� �����UDVSXQV�SH�FDUH�VHIXO�FRPLVLHL�vO�FRQVLGHUD���WRWXVL���DFFHSWDELO�ÌQ�VIkUVLW��XQXO�GLQWUH�H[DPLQDWL�UDVSXQGH�FRUHFW��)HULFLW��H[DPLQDWRUXO�H[FODP5��'RPQXOH�FRORQHO��LDWD�XQXO�FDUH�VWLH�6XPEUX��FX�IUXQWHD�QXPDL�FXWH��%8/$�DSURED��PkUkLQG��'H�VWLXW��VWLH�HO��3UREOHPD�H����GH�XQGH�VWLH"����([DPHQ�GH�SURPRYDUH�vQ�JUDG�OD�JDERUL��ÌL�EDJD�SH�ERL�vQWU�R�VDOD��YLQH�RILWHUXO�VL�OH�]LFH��%D�EDLHWL��WUHEXULOH�H�VLPSOH��D]L�YD�GDP�FHYD�XVRU��ÌQFKLGH�JHDPXULOH��WUDJH�SHUGHOHOH��DSULQGH�OXPLQD�)LWL�DWHQWL��HX�R�VD�VWLQJ�OXPLQD��GXSD�FDUH�YRL�WUHEXLH�VD�PL�]LFHWL�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FX�HD��XQGH�D�GLVSDUXW�=LV�VL�IDFXW��VWLQJH�RILWHUXO�OXPLQD��FXP�VH�YDG�JDERULL�SH�vQWXQHULF��vQFHS�VD�XUOH��WUHPXUDX�GH�IULFD���*UDGDWX�YHGH�FD�QX�SRDWH�V�R�VFRDWD�OD�FDSDW�FX�HL��VL�OH�]LFH��%D�EDLHWL��YD�GDX�SHUPLVLH�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL��GD�GXSD�DVWD�YHQLWL�VL�PL�]LFHWL�XQGH�V�D�DVFXQV�OXPLQD�2N��3OHDFD�ERLL��YLQ�GXSD�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL�QHUDVL��QHGRUPLWL�QHHWF��ÌL�LD�DOD�OD�UkQG��%D��FXWDUH��XQGH�HUD�OXPLQD"�3DL�VD�YHGHWL�FD����1LPLF��1X�LHL�JUDGXO��8UPDWRUXO��3DL�VD���6L�WRW�DVD�SkQD�OD�XQXO��FDUH�DUDWD�FHO�PDL�MDOQLF��9LQH�DVWD�VL�]LFH��'RP�FDSLWDQ��VD�PRDUD�PDPD��DP�JDVLW�VROXWLD��$P�DIODW�XQGH�V�D�DVFXQV�OXPLQD��3DL�FXP�DL�DIODW�ED"�3DL�ILWL�DWHQW��&XP�DP�DMXQV�DFDVD��DP�vQFKLV�WRDWH�JHDPXULOH��DP�WUDV�UROHWHOH��DP�EDWXW�VLSFL�OD�JHDPXUL��OD�XVL��FH�PDL��DPL]RODW�WRDWD�FDVD�$SRL�DP�VWLQV�OXPLQD��6L�GD�L�VL�FDXW�R�$P�VPXOV�WDSHWXO��DP�VPXOV�SDUFKHWXO��DP�GDW�MRV�WHQFXLDOD��DP�VSDUW�PRELOD��DP�DUV�VDOWHOHOH��GD�SkQD�OD�XUPD�DP�JDVLW�R�QHQRURFLWD�QDLELL�������6L��XQGH�HUD"�ÌQ�IULJLGHU�������&RQFXUV�GH�DYDQVDUH�vQ�JUDG�OD�32/,7,(��([DPHQ�GH�OLPED�VL�OLWHUDWXUD�URPkQD��,QWUD�SULPXO�FRQFXUHQW�F�SW������%XQD�]LXD��6D�WUDLWL�&RPLVLD��1RURF�9D�URJ�VD�DQDOL]DWL�SURSR]LWLD��9HQHD�R�PRDUD�SH�6LUHW��3DX]D��9D�PXOWXPLP��8UPDWRUX�V�D�P�G�8OWLPXO�FDQGLGDW��2QRUDWD�FRPLVLH�VXELHFWXO�SURSR]LWLHL�HVWH�9(1($����6WXSRDUH�vQ�VDOD�����SDQLFD��UXPRDUH�GLVFXWLL�IHPHL�DOFRROLVWL�HWF���&XP�H�SRVLELO�DVD�FHYD"�([SOLFDWL�YD�URJ�RSWLXQHD�GYV���3DL��XVRU��$P�SXV�vQWUHEDUH5���&LQH�RPRDUD�SH�6,5(7"�5DVSXQV���9(1($�RPRDUD�SH�6,5(7������6H�GD�H[DPHQ�SW��QLVWH�SRVWXUL� OD�SROLWLH�� FDQGLGDWLL� HUDX� vQWU�R�VDOD�� YLQH�XQ� WLS�PDL� JUDV�� VH�RSUHVWH� vQ� IDWD� SULPXOXLFDQGLGDW�VL�O�vQWUHDED�

Page 148: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�%D��FkW�IDF����"����VD�WUDLWL��*UHVLW��DL�SLFDW�$MXQJH�OD�DO�GRLOHD�&kW�IDF�����"�����18��DL�SLFDW�%OD���%OD���DMXQJH�OD�XOWLPXO��XQX�PLF���SUDSDGLW��%D��FkW�IDF����"�����%UDYR�ED��FXP�WL�DL�GDW�VHDPD"�$P�VFD]XW���GLQ�����������'RL�SROLWLVWL�VWDX�GH�YRUED��'RP�VHUJHQW��QX�FXPSDUDWL�R�MXPD�GH�SRUF"�3HQWUX�FH"�6D�VH�UDVWRDUQH�vQ�FRWHW"����&LFD�XQ�SROLWLVW�JDVHVWH�SH�MRV�R�ELOD��ÌL�GD�GUXPXO�MRV�VL�HD�VDUH�GH�GRXD�RUL��0D��VH�JDQGHVWH�HO��GH�FH�VDUH�ELOD�DVWD�GH�GRXD�RUL"�,D�VD�PD�GXF�OD�FDSLWDQ����6H�GXFH�OD�FDSLWDQ�VL�vL�FRPXQLFD�IDSWXO��6H�JDQGHVWH�FDS���VH�JDQGHVWH��VL��FXSULQV�GH�RUHYHODWLH�D��LXUHD��VDUH�GH�SH�VFDXQ�VL�VSXQH���3DL�PRFRIDQH��VDUH�GH�GRXD�RUL�SHQWUX�FD�VH�FKHDPD�ELOD��FD�GDFD�VH�FKHPD�WULOD�VDUHD�GH�WUHL�RUL�������8Q�SROLWDL�VH�XUFD�vQ�DXWREX]�VL�WD[HD]D�GRXD�ELOHWH��8Q�FDODWRU��FDUH�vO�YHGH�FD�HVWH�VLQJXU�vO�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�DL�WD[DW�GRPQH���ELOHWH"�3DL��GDFD�SLHUG�XQXO��vO�DP�SH�FHODODOW��6L�GDFD�OH�SLH]L�SH�DPkQGRXD"�$P�DERQDPHQW�����8Q�SROLWDWL�LQWUD�vQWU�R�OLEUDULH��'D�WL�PL�YD�URJ�XQ�SOLF�URWXQG��YUHDX�VD�WULPLW�R�FLUFXODUD�SULQ�VHFWLH�SH�OD�QRL�9LQH�VL�VXSHULRUXO�OXL�VL�O�VFX]D�IDWD�GH�YkQ]DWRDUH��'RDPQD��VWLWL��HVWH�QRX�OD�QRL�vQ�VHFWLH��QX�SUHD�VWLH�HO�FDUH�L�WUHDED�SH�DLFL�'DU�GDFD�WRW�DP�LQWUDW�vQ�OLEUDULH�GD�WL�PL�VL�PLH�XQ�JORE�FX�KDUWD�5RPDQLHL�����8Q�SROLWDL�DOHUJD�GXSD�XQ�KRW��+RWXO�LQWUD�vQ�SULPXO�EORF��LD�OLIWXO�VL�XUFD�����3ROLWLVWXO�VH�DVHD]D�MRV�vQ�IDWD�OLIWXOXL�VL�vQFHSH�VD�SOkQJD����ÌO�YHGH�XQ�FRSLODV�VL�vO�LQWUHDED�GH�FH�SOLQJH�3ROLWLVWXO�vL�UDVSXQGH�FD�XQ�KRW�D�LQWUDW�DFROR�VL�QX�SRDWH�VD�O�VFRDWD�&RSLOXO�vL�VSXQH���&KHPDWL�OLIWXO���3ROLWDLXO���/,)78/((((((�����&RSLOXO���QX�DVD��FX�GHJHWXO�3ROLWDLXO���EDJD�GHJHWXO�vQ�JXUD�VL�VWULJD��/,)78/(((((����/D�FDSDWXO�XQXL�VDW��XQ�DQWLFDU�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�GRL�SROLWLVWL��6SXQH�PL��EDWUkQH��vQWUHDED�XQXO�GLQWUH�HL��&kW�WLPS�HVWH�QHFHVDU�SHQWUX�FD�FLQHYD�VD�GHYLQD�XQ�EXQ�DQWLFDU"%DWUkQXO�DQWLFDU�VH�JkQGHVWH��GXSD�FDUH�UDVSXQGH��8Q�DQ�3ROLWLVWXO�vQWUHDED�PDL�GHSDUWH��6L�GDFD�QX�vQYDWD�vQWU�XQ�DQ�"%DWUkQXO�VH�JDQGHVWH�VL�vL�UDVSXQGH��$WXQFL�vQFD�XQ�DQ�3ROLWLVWXO�QX�HVWH�VDWLVIDFXW�QLFL�GH�DFHVW�UDVSXQV�VL�vQWUHDED���'DU�GDFD�QLFL�DFHVWL�GRL�DQL�QX�VXQW�VXILFLHQWL"%DWUkQXO�UDVSXQGH�GLQWU�R�GDWD��$WXQFL��SRDWH�VD�GHYLQD�SROLWLVW�����6HDUD�WkU]LX��XQ�SROLWLVW�VH�vQWDOQHVWH�FX�R�IHWLWD�SH�VWUDGD��6H�JkQGHVWH�FD�V�R�IL�UDWDFLW�DVD�FD�VH�GXFH�HD�VL�R�vQWUHDED��&XP�WH�FKHDPD��IHWLWR"�$QDPDULD�

Page 149: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�6L�FDUH�WL�H�FHODODOW�QXPH"�6L�$QD�VL�0DULD��6L�FXP�vO�FKHDPD�SH�WDWDO�WDX"�3H�WDWDO�PHX�vO�FKHDPD���WDWLFX��3ROLWLVWXO�VH�VFDUSLQD�vQ�FDS�VL�R�vQWUHDED��6L�XQGH�ORFXLHVWL�"�/D�PDPLFD��6L�XQGH�VWD�PDPLFD�WD"�/D�QRL��3H�FH�VWUDGD�VWDWL"�vQWUHDED�SROLWLVWXO�SXWLQ�QHUYRV��'XPQHDYRDVWUD�QX�VWLWL"�1X��9HQLWL�VD�YD�DUDW�����/D�R�VHFWLH�GH�SROLWLH�HVWH�DGXVD�R�IHPHLH�FDUH�D�WUHFXW�SH�URVX��3ROLWLVWXO�GH�VHUYLFL�vQFHSH�LQWHURJDWRULXO��1XPHOH�"�&DPHOLD�'��9kUVWD�"����GH�DQL���2FXSDWLD�"�ÌQYDWDWRDUH��3ROLWLVWXO�VH�ULGLFD�GH�OD�PDVD��]kPEHVWH�IHULFLW�VL�vL�VSXQH��0LQXQDW��$P�DVWHSWDW� DFHDVWD�RFD]LH�R�YLDWD� vQWUHDJD��$FXP�YD�DVH]DWL�SH� VFDXQXO�DFHVWD� VL� VFULHWL� GH������GH�RUL�� FX�RFDOLJUDILH�SHUIHFWD���'DFD�VHPDIRUXO�HVWH�URVX��WUHFHUHD�HVWH�LQWHU]LVD�������8Q�SROLWLVW�YLQH�DFDVD�VL�L�VWULJD�QHYHVWH�VL��'H]EUDFD�WH���'DU�QLFL�Q�DL�YHQLW�ELQH�DFDVD������$P�]LV�VD�WH�GH]EUDFL��1HYDVWD�VH�GH]EUDFD��LDU�SROLWLVWXO�]LFH��'X�WH�vQ�IDWD�RJOLQ]LL��9UHL�V�R�IDFHP�vQ�IDWD�RJOLQ]LL"�7DFL�VL�GX�WH�vQ�IDWD�RJOLQ]LL���)HPHLD�VH�GXFH�vQ�IDWD�RJOLQ]LL��LDU�SROLWLVWXO�vL�VSXQH��6WDL�vQ�FDS�VL�GHVID�WL�SLFLRDUHOH��2RR���2�SR]LWLH�QRXD��QX�L�DVD"�7DFL�RGDWD�VL�GHVID�WL�SLFLRDUHOH�1HYDVWD�VD�vVL�GHVIDFH�SLFLRDUHOH��SROLWLVWXO�vVL�SXQH�FDSXO�vQWUH�SLFLRDUHOH�HL�VL�VH�SRWULYHVWH�FkWH�YD�PLQXWH�vQ�RJOLQGD��GXSDFDUH�]LFH��$YHD�GUHSWDWH�FROHJXO��&KLDU�vPL�VWD�ELQH�FX�EDUED�������9LQH�XQ�PLOLWLDQ�DFDVD�OD�QHYDVWD�VD�FX�R�PRDFD�DPDUkWD�VL�IDUD�VD�VDOXWH�GLVSDUH�GLUHFW�vQ�EDLH�'XSD� MXPDWDWH�GH�RUD��VH�GXFH�QHYDVWD�VD�VD�YDGD�FH� V�D� vQWkPSODW�FD� VH�FDP�DX]HDX�QLVWH� LFQHOL� FLXGDWH�GLQ�EDLH�VL� FkQGGHVFKLGH�WLSD�XVD���VD�IDFD�LQIDUFW�QX�DOWD��PLOLWLDQXO�VWDWHD�vQ�FXUXO�JRO�FX�XQ�SLFLRU�SH�FKLXYHWD�VL�XQXO�SH�FDGD�vQFHUFkQG�VD�vVL�EDJH�R�IUDQ]HODvQ�FXU��&H�IDFL�GUDJD"""�$L�vQQHEXQLW"�/DVD�PD�GUDJD�LQ�SDFH�FD�DP�IRVW�OD�GHQWLVW��PL�D�IDFXW�R�OXFUDUH�VL�D�]LV�VD�PDQkQF�YUHR�GRXD�RUH�SH�SDUWHD�DLODOWD������3H�XQ�GUXP�GH�WDUD�VH�UDVWRDUQD�XQ�WUDFWRU��1X�VXQW�YLFWLPH�3ROLWLD�DSDUH�UHSHGH�OD�IDWD�ORFXOXL�VL�IDFH�XQ�SURFHV�YHUEDO�vQ�FDUH�VH�FRQVHPQHD]D�IDSWXO�FD�V�D�UDVWXUQDW�XQ�WUDFWRU�6H�QRWHD]D�QXPDUXO�WUDFWRUXOXL��QXPHOH�WUDFWRULVWXOXL�GXSD�FDUH�vQ�SURFHVXO�YHUEDO�DSDUH�XUPDWRDUHD�SURSR]LWLH��7UDFWRUXO�D�IRVW�VFRV�GLQ�VDQW�FX�ERLL�GH�SROLWLVWL������ÌQ�RUDVHO�WRDWD�OXPHD�FUHGHD�FD�PLOLWLHQLL�VXQW�QHFXOWLYDWL��QHFLWLWL��VL�FDP�UHGXVL�6HIX�ORU�VH�GHFLGH�VD�VFKLPEH�DFHDVWD�SDUHUH�JHQHUDOD�VL�OH�FXPSDUD�OD�WRWL�ELOHWH�OD�RSHUHWD�FD�VD�L�YDGD�VL�SH�HL�OXPHD�FD�VH�FXOWLYD���$�GRXD�]L�OD�VHFWLH��vQ�WLPSXO�UDSRUWXOXL��VHIX�vQWUHDED��'HFL�DWL�IRVW�DVHDUD�OD�RSHUHWD"��7RWL�UDVSXQG��'D�WRYDUDVX�FRORQHO��DP�IRVW�VD�WUDLWL���6HIX�6L�GHFL�Y�DX�YD]XW�RDPHQL�LPSRUWDQWL�GLQ�RUDVXO�QRVWUX"��7DEODJLL�'D��VD�WUDLWL���6HIX�'D�YRXD�PD�ERLORU��Y�D�SODFXW���"�

Page 150: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

7DEODJLL�'D�VD�WUDLWL��������QXPD�FD�D�IRVW�R�PLFD�SUREOHPD�����6HIX��&H�SUREOHPD"��7DEODJLL��3DL�VD�YHGHWL�WRYDUDVX�FRORQHO������QXPDL�QRL�DP�GDQVDW��������ÌQ������XQ�PLOLWLDQ�vO�RSUHVWH�SH�XQ�GRPQ�FX�PDVLQD�OD�GRXD�QRDSWHD�vQ�%XFXUHVWL��'H�XQGH�YLL��WRYDUDVH��OD�RUD�DVWD"�'H�OD�VHGLQWD�GH�SDUWLG��+DL��VD�ILP�VHULRVL��VL�HX�VXQW�PHPEUX�GH�SDUWLG��GDU�Q�DP�SRPHQLW�VHGLQWD�OD�RUD�DVWD��'H��VWLX�VL�HX��SDUWLGXO�GXPLWDOH�R�IL�OD�SXWHUH������$V�GRUL�R�FDUWH�VHULRDVD��GDFD�VH�SRDWH�LVWRULFD��VH�DGUHVHD]D�SROLWLVWXO�OLEUDUHVHL��3RW�VD�YD�RIHU�XQD���8OWLPHOH�]LOH�DOH�3RPSHLXOXL���6L�GH�FH�D�PXULW�DVWD"�'H�R�HUXSWLH�����8Q�EDLDW�PHUJHD�SH�VWUDGD�VL�JDVHVWH�XQ�EDVWRQ�GH�SROLWLVW��PDL�vQFROR�YHGH�XQ�SROLWDL�VL�VH�GXFH�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��1HQHD�SROLWLVW�DP�JDVLW�XQ�EDVWRQ��(�DO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"�1X�vQ�QLFL�XQ�FD]��SH�DO�PHX�O�DP�SLHUGXW�����'RL�SROLWLVWL�PHUJHDX�SH�VWUDGD��8QXO�GLQWUH�HL�GD�FX�SLFLRUXO�vQWU�R�PRQHGD�GH�R�VXWD�GH�OHL�VL�WUHFH�PDL�GHSDUWH�&HODODOW��&H�IDFL��PDL"��1X�ULGLFL�PRQHGD"3ULPXO��3DL�FH�SRWL�VD�PDL�IDFL�FX�R�VXWD�GH�OHL"�&XP�FH��SRWL�VD�GDL�XQ�WHOHIRQ���'DDDD����"��VL�VH�DSOHDFD��ULGLFD�PRQHGD��R�GXFH�OD�XUHFKH�VL�����$OR��$ORR��H�FLQHYD�DFROR"�����6HIXO�SROLWLHL�vO�FKHDPD�SH�DJHQWXO�FDUH�DYHD�VDUFLQD�VD�XUPDUHDVFD�XQ�LQIUDFWRU�FXQRVFXW��EDQXLW�GH�FULPD�VL�SH�FDUH�O�DSLHUGXW��&XP�WL�D�VFDSDW"�$�LQWUDW�OD�FLQHPD��6L�GH�FH�QX�DL�LQWUDW�GXSD�HO"�(X�YD]XVHP�ILOPXO�DFHOD�GH�PDL�PXOWH�RUL�����'RL�SROLWLVWL�HUDX�OD�SHVFXLW��XQXO�GH�R�SDUWH�D�ODFXOXL�VL�FHODODOW�SH�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD�8QXO�SULQGHD�SHVWH�OD�PRGXO�VHULRV��FHODODW�QX��VH�JkQGHVWH�VL�]LFH��%D��YLQ�VL�HX�SH�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD��7kPSLWXOH��QX�YH]L�FD�HVWL�SH�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD"����6�D�OXDW�KRWDUvUHD�FD�OD�ILHFDUH�VWDWLH�GH�EHQ]LQD�VD�H[LVWH�XQ�SVLKLDWUX�VL�XQ�SROLWLVW�3ULPXO�FD�VD�YHULILFH�VDQDWDWHD�PLQWDOD�D�FHORU�FDUH�FXPSDUD�SURGXVH�SHWUROLHUH�LDU�FHO�GH�DO�GRLOHD�SHQWUX�D�L�OXD�vQ�SULPLUH�SH�FHL�GHFODUDWL�VDQDWRVL�GH�FDWUH�SULPXO�VL�D�L�vQWUHED�GH�XQGH�DX�DYXW�EDQLL�����3ROLWLVWXO�YLQH�DFDVD��1HYDVWDVD�L�VSXQH��)LXO�QRVWUX�WUHEXLH�VD�PHDUJD�OD�VFRDOD�DMXWDWRDUH��7L�DP�VSXV�HX�FD�H�FDSDELO��������'RL�EHWLYL�VH�FHUWDX��&H�IDLQD�OXQD�SH�FHU�DVWD]L���'XWH�GUDFX�FD�L�VRDUH����%D�L�OXQD��FH�IDLQ�VWUDOXFHVWH����&D�VD�WH�FRQYLQJ�KDL�VD�L�vQWUHEDP�SH�SROLWLVWLL�DLD����1X�YD�VXSDUDWL�FH�L�DLD�GH�SH�FHU�OXQD�VDX���VRDUH�"��/D�FDUH�SROLWLVWL��1X�VWLP�����QX�VXQWHP�GLQ�RUDV�������3H�R�VWUDGD��XQ�FLYLO�vQDOW�YHGH�SH�MRV�R�FDVFKHWD�GH�SROLWLVW��3H�FHDODOWD�SDUWH�D�GUXPXOXL�YHGH�XQ�SROLWLVW�FX�FDSXO�JRO�VL�OLQWUHDED��'RPQXOH�RILWHU��Y�DWL�SLHUGXW�FDVFKHWD�$WXQFL��SROLWLVWXO�VH�DSURSLH�GH�FLYLO��VH�XLWD�OD�FDVFKHWD�VL�VSXQH��$VWD�QX�L�D�PHD��1X�VXQW�DVD�GH�vQDOW���

Page 151: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����8Q� SROLWLVW� LVL� IDFHD� URQGXO�� /D� XQ� PRPHQW� LQWU�XQ� UHVWDXUDQW� GH� OX[� GDW� YHGH� OD� R� PDVD� XQ� ELVQLWDU� DELD� LHVLW� GLQSXVFDULH�SH�FDUH�vO�VWLD�GH�FDO�EUHD]�VL�VH�GXFH�VD�vO�LD�OD�LQWUHEDUL��%LVQLWDUXO�vL�VSXQH��'RP�PLOL����SROLWLVW��JDWD��QX�PDL�DYHWL�SUREOHPH�FX�PLQH��P�DP�IDFXW�RP�FLQVWLW��2P�FLQVWLW"�6L�FX�FH�WH�RFXSL"�3DL��FDVWLJ�EDQL�GLQ�SDULXUL��&XP�GLQ�SDULXUL��vQWUHDED�SROLWLVWXO��3DL��XLWH��(X�IDF�SDULX�FX�WLQH�SH������FD�RXDOH�PHOH�VXQW�SDWUDWH�3ROLWLVWXO�VH�JkQGHVWH�SXWLQ�VL�DFFHSWD��6L�FD�VD�YDGD�FLQH�FkVWLJD�SDULXO��EDJD�PkQD�vQ�FKLORWLL�ELVQLWDUXOXL�FD�VD�YDGD�GDFD�DUHRXD�SDWUDWH�6L��HYLGHQW��RXDOH�ELVQLWDUXOXL�HUDX�QRUPDOH��$P�FDVWLJDW��]LVH�SROLWLVWXO��%LQH��IDFH�ELVQLWDUXO��SRIWLP�������%LQH��ID�PD�DFXPD�VL�SH�PLQH�VD�vQWHOHJ��&XP�WUDLHVWL�WX�GLQ�SDULXUL�GLQ�DVWHD��8LWH�DL�SLHUGXW�������2�YH]L�SH�GRDPQD�DFHHD�GLQ�FROWXO�VDOLL��FDUH�]kPEHVWH��vQWUHDED�ELVQLWDUXO��'D��IDFH�SROLWLVWXO��(��FX�HD�DP�IDFXW�SDULX�SH�������FD�R�VD�YLL�WX�VD�PD�SLSDL�OD�FRDLH�����'RL�SROLWLVWL�JDVHVF�vQ�IDWD�JLPQD]LXOXL�XQ�FDGDYUX��8QXO�GLQWUH�HL�vQWUHDED��6WLL�WX�FXPYD�FXP�VH�VFULH�FRUHFW�JLPQD]LX"�1X��'DU�KDL�VD�O�WkUkP�SkQD�vQ�IDWD�SRVWHL�����8Q�SROLWLVW�HVWH�OD�SHVFXLW��3HVFXLHVWH�YHVWLWXO�SHVWLVRU�GH�DXU�GDU�ILLQG�SUHD�PLF�vO�DUXQFD�vQDSRL�vQ�DSD�/D�FDUH�SHVWLVRUXO��0L�DL�VDOYDW�YLDWD�SRWL�VD�WL�GRUHVWL�WUHL�OXFUXUL�GH�OD�PLQH�3ROLWLVWXO�FXJHWD�FH�FXJHWD�VL�]LFH��%XOHWLQXO��SHUPLVXO�VL�WDORQXO�����'RL�FRSLL�VSXQ�EDQFXUL�GHVSUH�SROLWLVWL��QHREVHUYkQG�FD�vQ�VSDWHOH�ORU�VH�DIOD�GHMD�XQXO��6WLL�FDUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�SROLWLVW�VL�XQ�PDJDU"���vQWUHDED�XQXO��&DUH�HVWH"� �� vQWUHDED� LURQLF�SROLWLVWXO��SULQ]LQGX�L�GH�XUHFKL�SH�FHL�GRL��3DQLFD�PDUH� vQ�FHL�GRL�FRSLL��XUOHWH�� FKHVWLL��GXSDFDUH��1LFL�XQD��GRPQXOH�SROLWLVW���VWULJD�XQXO�VSHULDW��$OWDGDWD�DYHWL�JULMD�FH�VSXQHWL���VSXQH�SROLWLVWXO�VL�SOHDFD�OLQLVWLW�PDL�GHSDUWH�����%DLDWXO�FDSLWDQXOXL�GH�VHFWRU�PHUJHD�SH�VWUDGD��9HGH�XQ�SROLWLVW�vQ�PLMORFXO�GUXPXOXL�FDUH�GLULMD�FLUFXODWLD�6H�vQGUHDSWD�VSUH�HO�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�SROLWLFRV��1X�YD�VXSDUDWL�FkW�H�FHDVXO"�$DD����IDUD����3XVWLXO�VWULJD�vQ�WLPS�FH�IXJHD��/D����VD�PD�SXSL�FHQ]XUDW����1HUYRV�SROLWLVWXO�IXJH�GXSD�FRSLO�FDUH�LQWUD�vQ�VHGLX�VL�GLVSDUH�vQWU�XQ�ELURX��'HVFKLGH�XVD�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�FHO�GH�OD�ELURX��1�DWL�YD]XW�XQ�FRSLO�IXJLQG�SH�DLFL"�'H�FH"�0L�D�VSXV�VD�O�SXS�XQGHYD�OD����IL[�&HO�GH�OD�ELURX�VH�XLWD�OD�FHDV�VL�vL�]LFH��(�IDUD����DVD�FD�DL�WLPS�GHVWXO�������3ROLWLVWXO�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�]kQD�EXQD�FDUH�vL�VSXQH��ÌWL�YRL�vPSOLQL�GRXD�GRULQWH��$V�GRUL�R�KDOED�GH�EHUH�GLQ�FDUH�EHUHD�VD�QX�VH�WHUPLQH�QLFLRGDWD��]LVH�SROLWLVWXO3ROLWLVWXO�SULPHVWH�KDOED�VL�GXSD�FH�R�EHD�YHGH�FD�QX�VH�PDL�WHUPLQD��%XFXURV�vVL�VSXQH�D�GRXD�GRULQWD��$V�PDL�GRUL�VD�PL�GDL�vQFD�R�KDOED�FD�DVWD�����8Q�SROLWDL�vQDOW��FD�EUDGX���FX�PXVWDFLRDUD��YRUEHVWH�FX�XQ�SXVWL��0DL�WkQFXOH�vWL�SODFH�PXVWDWD�PHD"�'D�QHQH��0DL�WkQFXOH��GD�WLH�vWL�SODFH�FDVFKHWD�PHD"�'D�QHQH��3DL�YDG�FD�WLH�WL�DU�SODFH�VD�ILL�SROLWDL��QX�L�DVD�"�'D��QHQH��GDU�H�SUHD�WLU]LX��&XP�DVD��PDL�DL�DWLWD�WLPS����1X��QHQH��H�SUHD�WLU]LX��DP�WUHFXW�GHMD�FODVD�D�FLQFHD���

Page 152: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����0DL�GHPXOW�XQLIRUPHOH�SROLWLVWLORU�HUDX�GH�FXORDUH�SRUWRFDOLH�VL�DOED�3RUWRFDOLH�SHQWUX�FHL�PDL�vQDOWL�vQ�JUDG�VL�DOED�SHQWUX�FHL�PDL�PLFL�vQ�JUDG�6L�GH�DWXQFL�SHQWUX�ILHFDUH�SURVWLH�VSXVD�SROLWLVWLL�DX�SULPLW�FkWH�R�EXOLQD�DOEDVWUD�������8Q�FRSLO�VH�MXFD�vQ�QLVLS��9LQH�XQ�PLOLWLDQ�VL�O�vQWUHDED��&H�IDFL"�8Q�PLOLWLDQ��6L�GLQ�FH�O�IDFL"�'LQ�DSD��QLVLS�VL�FDFDW�0LOLWLDQXO�VH�VXSDUD�VL�O�XUPDUHVWH�SH�FRSLO��GDU�QX�O�SULQGH��$�GRXD�]L��OD�IHO��&H�IDFL"�8Q�PLOLWLDQ��6L�GLQ�FH�O�IDFL"�'LQ�DSD��QLVLS�VL�FDFDW�,DU�VH�DOHDUJD��LDU�VFDSD�FRSLOXO��$�WUHLD�]L��DFHODVL�VFHQDULX��&H�IDFL"�8Q�SRPSLHU��6L�GLQ�FH�O�IDFL"�'LQ�DSD�VL��QLVLS��6L�FDFDW�QX�PDL�SXL"�1X��FD�DWXQFL�LHVH�XQ�PLOLWLDQ�����8QXO�vQWkOQHVWH�XQ�SROLWLVW�FDUH�SDWUXOD�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��'RPQXOH�SROLWLVW�HVWH�SHUPLV�FD�XQXL�RP�GH�RUGLQH�VD�L�VSXL��%28/(�"�ÌQ�QLFL�XQ�FD]��VSXQH�UDVSLFDW�SROLWLVWXO��'DU�VD�VSXL�XQXL�ERX��20�'(�25',1(�"�$VWD�GD��%LQH�DWXQFL�OD�UHYHGHUH�GRPQXOH�DSDUDWRU�DO�RUGLQLL�SXEOLFH�����6H� IDFH�XQ� FRQWURO� UXWLHU��8Q�SROLWLVW� vQFHSDWRU� RSUHVWH�R�PDVLQD� VL� GXSD� FH� FRQWUROHD]D� DFWHOH� VRIHUXOXL� QHJDVLQG� DOWPRWLY�SHQWUX�D�VL�DUDWD�]HOXO�VSXQH��6HPQDOL]DUHD�GUHDSWD�VSDWH�QX�YD�IXQFWLRQHD]D��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FX�HD"'LQ�PDVLQD�VH�FRERDUD�DVWD�YL]LELO�HQHUYDW�VL�SULYHVWH�XLPLW�VSDWHOH�PDVLQLL��9HGHWL��9D�PDL�vQWUHE�RGDWD�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FX�VHPQDOL]DUHD"�/D�GUDFX�FX�VHPQDOL]DUHD�WD��6L�HX�PD�vQWUHE�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FX�UHPRUFD�����8Q�SROLWLVW�FkVWLJD�OD�XQ�FRQFXUV�GH�WLU�SUHPLXO�vQWkL�VL�YLQH�IRDUWH�PkQGUX�OD�QHYDVWD�VD��'UDJD�PHD�DP�FkVWLJDW�R�YD]D�1HYDVWD�VD�VH�XLWD�OD�RELHFW�VL�]LFH��,DU�WH�DX�IUDLHULW�DLD��1X�YH]L�FD�QX�DUH�QLFL�R�GHVFKL]DWXUD�YD]D�DVWD�6L�SROLWLVWXO�ÌQWU�DGHYDU��FKLDU�VL�IXQGXO�HL�OLSVHVWH�����3ROLWLVWXO�GH�OD�FLUFXODWLH�FDWUH�VRIHUXO�EHDW��ÌQ�VWDUHD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�FHO�PDL�ELQH�DU�IL�VD�OXDWL�PkLQLOH�GH�SH�YRODQ��&H�GXSD�FH�FD�DP�EDXW�DWkW�VD�PDL�FRQGXF�VL�IDUD�PkLQL�"�������/D�FHQWUDOD�SROLWLHL�VH�SULPHVWH�R�UHFODPDWLH�WHOHIRQLFD��$MXWDWL�PD�PL�DX�IXUDW�GLQ�PDVLQD�YRODQXO��IUkQD�GH�PkQD�VL�SHGDOHOH�3HVWH�FkWH�YD�PLQXWH�PDVLQD�GH�VHUYLFL�UDSRUWHD]D��6�D�UH]ROYDW��WLSXO�D�SXWXW�VD�FRQGXFD�GLQ�QRX�PDVLQD��$�IRVW�GRDU�DWkW�GH�EHDW�FD�V�D�DVH]DW�SH�EDQFKHWD�GLQ�VSDWH�������8Q�FDPLRQDJLX�vQWUHDED�XQ�SROLWLVW��([LVWD�FXPYD�SLQJLQL�GH�����FP�vQDOWLPH"�1�DP�PDL�DX]LW����+RSOD��ÌQVHDPQD�FD�DP�FDOFDW�FX�FDPLRQXO�R�FDOXJDULWD��������2�IHPHLH�VH�SOkQJH�XQXL�SROLWLVW��'RPQXOH�SROLWLVW��WLSXO�DFHOD�PD�XUPDUHVWH��&UHG�FD�H�EHDW�3ROLWLVWXO�R�PDVRDUD�GH�VXV�SkQD�MRV�VL�VSXQH��$YHWL�GUHSWDWH��&X�VLJXUDQWD�HVWH�EHDW�

Page 153: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����8Q�SROLWLVW�IDFDQGX�VL�URQGXO�GH�QRDSWH�VH�SRPHQHVWH�FX�XQ�LQGLYLG�vQ�FDS�FDUH�D�VDULW�GH�OD�HWDMXO�XQXL�EORF��&H�IDFL�RPXOH��GH�FH�VDUL�GH�OD�HWDM",QGLYLGXO���'RPSROLWLVW�HX�VXQW�SDUDVXWLVW��6L�XQGH�WL�H�SDUDVXWD"�(�VXV��R�EDWH�EDUED�VX������3ROLWLVWXO��$LFL�HVWH�LQWHU]LVD�EDLD��'DU�HX�QX�PD�VFDOG��HX�PD�vQHF��1RURFXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�����8Q�PLOLWLDQ� VWDWHD� vQWU�R� LQWHUVHFWLH�PDUH� SH� EXOHYDUGXO�0DJKHUX� VL� FRQGXFH� FLUFXODWLD� JHVWLFXOvQG� VL� IOXLHUvQG� IRDUWHHOHJDQW�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�DSDUH�PDVLQD�PLOLWLHL�FX�JLURIDUXULOH�vQ�IXQFWLXQH�VL�RSUHVWH�vQ�IDWD�DUWLVWXOXL�GH�PLOLWLDQ��6D�WUDLWL�WRY�FRORQHO��VLQW�VHUJHQW�;�OD�SRVWXO������HVWH�LQWUHUXSW�GH��0D�GRELWRFXOH�PDUV�DFDVD�VL�VKLPED�WH�� WH�YHGH�R�OXPH�vQWUHDJD�DLFL�vQ�PLMORFXO�FDSLWDOHL��QX�YH]L�FD�DL�R�FL]PD�QHDJUD�VLXQD�DOED�������3HUPLWHWL�VD�UDSRUWH]��6,�$&$6$�727�$6$�/(�$0�����������([DPHQ�GH�JUDG�OD�65,��/L�VH�GD�VXELHFWXO��FDUH�HUD�R�IRWRJUDILH�D�XQXLD�GLQ�SURILO��3UREOHPD�HUD��VD�VH�GHWHUPLQH�RULFHVHPQ�SDUWLFXODU�DO�LQGLYLGXOXL�9LQH�SULPX�65,�VW��VWD���VWD��R�RUD��GRXD�GXSD�FDUH�FRQFOX]LRQHD]D��,QGLYLGX�Q�DUH�R�XUHFKH���([DPLQDWRUX��*UHVLW�DL�SLFDW�8UPDWRUX�65,�VW��VWD�FkWHYD�RUH�GXSD�FDUH��,QGLYLGX�Q�DUH�R�XUHFKH���([DPLQDWRUX��*UHVLW�DL�SLFDW9LQH�DO�Q�DOHD�65,�VW��VWD�FkWHYD�]HFL�GH�RUH�GXSD�FDUH��,QGLYLGX�SRDUWD�OHQWLOH�GH�FRQWDFW�([DPLQDWRUX��%UDYR�GD�FXP�WL�DL�GDW�VHDPD"�3DL�GDFD�Q�DYHD�R�XUHFKH�FXP�SXWHD�VD�SRDUWH�RFKHODUL"����8Q�SROLWLVW�YHGH�XQ�DXWRPDW��VH�DSURSLH�GH�HO�VL�EDJD�R�ILVD��'HRGDWD�DSDUH�XQ�SDKDU�VL�vQFHSH�VD�FXUJD�FDIHD��3ROLWLVWXO�LDSDKDUX��vO�EHD�VL�PDL�EDJD�R�ILVD�'LQ�QRX�DSDUH�XQ�SDKDU��FXUJH�FDIHDXD�SH�FDUH�R�EHD�SROLWLVWXO�VL�DFWLXQHD�VH�UHSHWD�GH�PDL�PXOWH�RUL�SLQD�FkQG�vQ�VSDWHOHSROLWLVWXOXL�VH�IRUPHD]D�R�FRDGD�GHVWXO�GH�PDUH�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�R�EDWULQD�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�SROLWLVW��'RPQX��SROLWLVW�QH�ODVDWL�VL�SH�QRL�VD�EHP�R�FDIHD��FD�GH�R�RUD�VWDP�OD�FRDGD"""/D�FDUH�SROLWLVWXO�LQGLJQDW�UDVSXQGH��&H�YUHL�EDER��WL�H�FLXGD�FD�FkVWLJ�������8Q�WLS�SH�VWUDGD�YHGH�XQ�DOW�WLS�vQ�XQLIRUPD�VL�O�vQWUHDED��6XQWH�WL�SROLWLVW"�1X�6LQW�GHWHFWLY�FDUH�OXFUHD]D�VXE�DFRSHULUH��6L�DWXQFL�GH�FH�SXUWDWL�XQLIRUPD"�3HQWUX�FD�D]L�DP�]L�OLEHUD�������&LFD�OD�JDERUL�DYHD�ORF�XQ�H[DPHQ�GH�SURPRYDUH��8Q�VXERILWHU�VH�DJLWD�VL�DIOD�GH�OD�FLQHYD�FD�OD�H[DPHQ�VH�vQWUHDED�FLQHD�VFULV��/XFHDIDUXO��3ROLWLVWXO�VH�DJLWD�HO�GDU�QX�JDVHVWH�UDVSXQVXO��6H�GXFH�OD�ORFRWHQHQW��'RP�ORFRWHQHQW��$P�VL�HX�R�vQWUHEDUH"�=L�PD��&LQH�D�VFULV��/XFHDIDUXO�"�%D��QX�VWLX�3ROLWLVWXO�QRVWUX�VH�GXFH�OD�FRORQHO��'RP�FRORQHO��$P�VL�HX�R�SUREOHPD��'D��VH�UH]ROYD��=L��&LQH�D�VFULV��/XFHDIDUXO�"�1X�VWLX��GDU�DP�XQ�SULHWHQ�SURIHVRU��VD�vL�GDX�WHOHIRQ�

Page 154: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

ÌQ�VIkUVLW��DIOD�JDERUX�FD�(PLQHVFX�D�VFULV��/XFHDIDUXO��VL�FD�VD�QX�XLWH�OD�H[DPHQ�QRWHD]D�SH�XQ�ELOHW�VL�vO�EDJD�vQ�SDQWRI�/D�H[DPHQ�HVWH�vQWUHEDW�FLQH�D�VFULV��/XFHDIDUXO���3ROLWLVWXO�VFRDWH�GLVFUHW�ELOHWXO�VL�UDVSXQGH�PkQGUX��&OXMHDQFD�6�$������/D�JDERUL��FRQFXUV�GH�SURPRYDUH��9LQH�vQ�VDOD�SULPXO�FDQGLGDW�([PLQDWRUXO�vO�vQWUHDED��&kW�IDFH�� �"�����%D�HVWL�VLJXU�ED"�����%D��PDL�JkQGHVWH�WH�����([DPLQDWRUXO�QRWHD]D�vQ�ILVD���1X�VWLH�GDU�QX�VH�GD�EDWXW���8UPDWRUXO��&kW�IDFH�� �"�����(VWL�VLJXU"�'D������&KLDU�HVWL�VLJXU"�'D�GRPOH�����([DPLQDWRUXO�QRWHD]D���1X�VWLH��GDU�HVWH�XQ�RP�FX�SULQFLSLL���8OWLPXO��&kW�IDFH�� �"�����&XP�DL�VWLXW"�'H�OD�VFRDOD��&XP�PD��GH�OD�VFRDOD"�3DL�VL�FHLODOWL�DX�IRVW�OD�VFRDOD��'D��GH�OD�VFRDOD�([DPLQDWRUXO�QRWHD]D�vQ�ILVD���6WLH�GDU�QX�YUHD�VD�VSXQD�GH�XQGH������8Q�PLOLWLDQ�SOHDFD�FX�WUHQXO��ÌQ�IDWD�OXL�HUD�XQ�GRPQ�FDUH�FLWHD�R�FDUWH��IDUD�VD�O�LQWHUHVH]H�DOWFHYD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�PLOLWLDQXO�QX�PDL�SRDWH�GH�FXULR]LWDWH�VL�O�vQWUHDED�SH�RP��FH�L�FX�FDUWHD�DVWD�DWkW�GH�LQWHUHVDQWD��GH�QX�VL�PDL�GH]OLSHVWH�RFKLLGH�HD��(����H�R�FDUWH�GH�ORJLFD�VL�SHUVSLFDFLWDWH��3DL�FXP�DVD"�'OH��SROLWDL��GXPQHDYRDVWUD�DYHWL�DFYDULX"�'D��3DL�GDFD�DYHWL�DFYDULX��DYHWL�VL�DSD�vQ�HO��QX"�'RPQXOH��FH�FDUWH��DVD�HVWH��DP�VL�DSD�vQ�HO��'DFD�DYHWL�XQ�DFYDULX�FX�DSD�vQ�HO��DYHWL�VL�QLVLS�vQ�HO��QX"�'RPQXOH��FH�FDUWH��DVD�HVWH��DP�VL�QLVLS��'DFD�DYHWL�DFYDULX��QLVLS��DSD��DYHWL�VL�SHVWL�vQ�HO��QX"�&H�FDUWH�GRPQXOH��DVD�HVWH��DP�VL�SHVWL��3DL��GDFD�DYHWL�SHVWL�LQ�FDVD��vQVHDPQD�FD�YD�SODFH�VD�SHVFXLWL��QX"�6LJXU��GRPQXOH��FH�FDUWH��'DFD�YD�SODFH�VD�SHVFXLWL��vQVHDPQD�FD�YD�SODFH�VL�EDXWXUD��QX�"�$FROR�SH�EDOWD�PHUJH�R�VWLFOXWD��6LJXU��GRPQXOH��'DFD�YD�SODFH�EDXWXUD��vQVHDPQD�FD�YD�SODF�VL�IHPHLOH��QX"�6LJXU��'DFD�YD�SODF�IHPHLOH��vQVHDPQD�FD�QX�VXQWHWL�KRPRVH[XDO��QX"�1X�GRPQXOH��QX�VXQW�ÌQ� VIkUVLW� DMXQJH�PLOLWLDQXO� OD�GHVWLQDWLH�� IRDUWH� vQFkQWDW� GH� DFHHD� FDUWH��/D� LQWRDUFHUH�� LD�PLOLWLDQXO� R� FDUWH�GH�SRYHVWL�GLQJDUD��VH�XUFD�vQ�WUHQ�VL�vQFHSH�VD�FLWHDVFD�IDUD�D�VH�RSUL��8Q�FHWDWHDQ�YD]DQGX�O�SH�PLOLWLDQ�FD�QX�VH�PDL�RSUHD�GLQ�OHFWXUD�vQWUHDED��1X�YD�VXSDUDWL�GOH�SROLWDL��FH�FDUWH�H�DFHDVWD��DWDW�GH�LQWHUHVDQWD"�(������H�R�FDUWH�GH�ORJLFD�VL�SHUVSLFDFLWDWH����3DL��FXP�DVD"�'XPQHDYRDVWUD�DYHWL�DFYDULX"�1X��+RPRVH[XDOXOH�����'RL�SROLWLVWL�EHWL�PHUJHDX�SH�VWUDGD�VL� OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�V�DX�RSULW� OkQJD�XQ�VWkOS��8QXO�GLQWUH�HL�D� vQFHSXW� VD�EDWD� vQVWkOS��VD�IOXLHUH��VD�VWULJH��HWF�&HO�GH�DO�GRLOHD�SROLWLVW�VH�XLWD�vQ�VXV�VL�vL�VSXQH�FHOXLODOW�SROLWLVW��,QVLVWD��LQVLVWD�FD�H�DFDVD��VH�YHGH�OXPLQD���

Page 155: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����'RL�SROLWLVWL�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�IDVW�IRRG��'RL�KDPEXUJHUL��YD�URJ��$YHWL�JKLQLRQ��QX�DYHP�KDPEXUJHUL��$WXQFL�GRXD�JKLQLRDQH�����'RL�SROLWLVWL�SDWUXOHD]D��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��XQXO�L�VH�DGUHVHD]D�FHOXLODOW��,RDQH��VWHUJH�WH�OD�JXUD��5DKDW��$��VFX]H��$P�FUH]XW�FD�L�FLRFRODWD�����2�IHPHLH�VH�DGUHVHD]D�XQXL�SROLWLVW��'RPQXOH�SROLWLVW��RPXO�DFHVWD�PL�D�IXUDW�PDVLQD��5DEGDUH��GRDPQD��LPHGLDW�vO�SHUFKH]LWLRQDP�����8Q�SROLWLVW�vVL�FXPSDUD�XQ�ELOHW�GH�WUHQ��8Q�ELOHW�GXV�vQWRUV��YD�URJ��8QGH"�ÌQWUHDED�FDVLHUD��&XP�XQGH"��$LFL��vQDSRL�����8Q�SROLWLVW�YHGH�SH�VWUDGD�XQ�RP�FX�XQ�FDO��'H�FH�QX�PHUJL�RPXOH�FX�FDOXO�DVWD�OD�JUDGLQD�]RRORJLFD"�$P�IRVW�VL�DFROR��GDU�DFXP�PHUJHP�OD�XQ�ILOP�����9DULDQWD�PDL�EXQD"��8Q�SROLWLVW�VH�WUH]HVWH�GLPLQHDWD�GXSD�R�EHWLH�PDUH��ILLQG�vQ�FRQFHGLX��VH�XLWD�SH�IHUHDVWUD�vQ�JUDGLQD�VL�YHGH�XQ�SLQJXLQ��6HIUHDFD�GH�FkWHYD�RUL�OD�RFKL�GDU�SLQJXLQXO�WRW�DFROR��1HVWLLQG�FH�VD�IDFD�FX�DQLPDOXO�VH�GXFH�OD�VHIXO�OXL�VL�vO�LQWUHDED��6HIX��DP�JDVLW�XQ�SLQJXLQ�OD�PLQH�vQ�JUDGLQD��&H�VD�IDF�FX�HO"6HIX�vL�VSXQH�UDVSLFDW��3DL�WRW�HVWL�vQ�FRQFHGLX��LD�O�GH�DULSD�VL�GX�O�OD�*UDGLQD�=RRORJLFD�=LV�VL�IDFXW��'XSD�GRXDD�]LOH�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�VHIXO��DIODW�SH�WHUHQ��FX�SROLWLVWXO�QRVWUX��$FHVWD�FX�SLQJXLQXO�GH�PkQD��ÌO�vQWUHDED��3DL�FH�IDFL��QX�DL�GXV�DQXPDOXO�OD�=RR"�%D�GD��LHUL�DP�IRVW�OD�=RR�VL�D]L�vO�GXF�OD�FLQHPD�������ÌQWU�XQ�EDU��LQWUD�GLVSHUDW�XQ�SROLWLVW��'RPOH��DMXWDWL�PD�FD�PL�DP�vQFXLDW�FKHLOH�vQ�PDVLQD�VL�QX�VWLX�FH�VD�IDF��3DL��DL�ODVDW�XQ�SLF�JHDPX�GHVFKLV"�'D��%LQH��XLWH��LD�VvUPD�DVWD��vQGRDLH�R�OD�YvUI��FD�XQ�FkUOLJ��VL�SULQ�JHDPXO�vQWUHGHVFKLV�vQFHDUFD�VD�OH�DJDWL��0XOWXPHVF��GRPOH��P�DL�VDOYDW�'XSD�XQ�WLPS��LQWUD�XQ�DOW�WLS�vQ�EDU�WLQvQGX�VH�FX�PvLQLOH�GH�EXUWD��GH�UkV��&H�Uk]L��QHQH��FH�DL�SDWLW"�(�XQ�SROLWLVW�DIDUD�FDUH�vQFHDUFD�VD�VL�VFRDWD�FKHLOH�GLQ�PDVLQD�FX�R�VkUPD����KD�KD�KDDDD����6L�FH�L�DVD�DPX]DQW��QRL�L�DP�VSXV�FXP�VD�IDFD��'D��GD�PDL�H�XQ�SROLWLVW�vQDXQWUX�FDUH�O�JKLGHD]D�����8Q�WLS�PHUJHD�FX�PDVLQD�vQ�DIDUD�RUDVXOXL��FkQG�GHRGDWD�L�VH�RSUHVWH�PRWRUXO��&XP�QX�VH�SULFHSHD�GHORF��vVL�VPXOJHDSDUXO�GLQ�FDS�GH�QHFD]��FkQG�DSDUH�XQ�FDO�DOE�VL�L�VSXQH��9H]L�FD�H�vQIXQGDW�FDUEXUDWRUXO��vL�VSXQH�FH�VD�IDFD�VL�SOHDFD�7LSXO�UDPkQH�PDVFD��GDU�IDFH�FH�L�D�]LV�FDOXO�VL�PLQXQH��PRWRUXO�SRUQHVWH��6H�RSUHVWH�vQ�SULPXO�RUDV�OD�SULPXO�SROLWLVW�VL�LSRYHVWHVWH�WRWXO��1�R�VD�FUHGHWL�FH�PL�V�D�vQWkPSODW��PHUJHDP�FX�PDVLQD��GHRGDWD�PRWRUXO�V�D�RSULW�VL�D�DSDUXW�XQ�FDO�FDUH�PL�D�VSXV�FXP�VD�OUHSDU��&H�FXORDUH�DYHD�FDOXO��DOE�VDX�QHJUX"���vQWUHDED�SROLWLVWXO��$OE��'RPOH��$L�DYXW�PDUH�QRURF�FD�QX�HUD�DOD�QHJUX��FD�VL�DOD�vWL�VSXQH��GDU�QX�VH�SULFHSH�����8Q�EHWLY�FX�R�FKHLH�GH�PDVLQD�vQ�PkQD��FODWLQkQGX�VH�SXWHUQLF���LQWHUSHOHD]D��XQ�SROLWLVW�SH�VWUDGD��'RP�SROLWLVW��KkF��PL�D�IXUDW�FLQHYD�PDVLQD��KkF��GLQ�FKHLH���3ROLWLVWXO�vO�SULYHVWH�VL�L�]LFH��3OHDFD��GRPQXOH��DFDVD��FD�HVWL�EHDW�VL�QX�VWLL�FH�YRUEHVWL��1X�YH]L�FD�DELD�WH�WLL�SH�SLFLRDUH����VL�YH]L�FD�HVWL�VL�GHVFKHLDW�ODSDQWDORQL���/D�FDUH�EHWLYXO��SULYLQGX�VL�SURKDSXO�GHVFKHLDW�]LFH�

Page 156: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��+RSD���+kF��0L�DX�IXUDW�R�VL�SH�7DQWD��������'RL�SXVWL�PHUJHDX�vQ�WUROHXO����VL�VSXQHDX�EDQFXUL�GHVSUH�SROLWLVWL��8QXO�]LFH��%D��GH�FH�PHUJ�SROLWDLL�FkWH�GRL�SH�VWUDGD"�3DL�XQXO�VWLH�VD�VFULH�VL�DOWXO�VWLH�VD�FLWHDVFD��+D��KD��KD���ÌQ�VSDWHOH�ORU��GRL�SROLWLVWL�SH�FDUH�WLSLL�QX�L�REVHUYDVHUD�VH�RSUHVF�GLQ�FRQYHUVDWLH�VL�DVFXOWD�OD�FH�VSXQ�SXVWLL��'XSD�FH�DXGID]D�DVWD��VH�GXF�OD�HL��$FWHOH�OD�FRQWURO��SXVODPDOH�&HO�PDL�PDUH�GLQWUH�WLQHUL�VFRDWH�LQWLPLGDW�EXOHWLQXO�VL�vO�vQWLQGH�SROLWLVWLORU��,D�DOD�EXOHWLQXO��VH�XLWD�OD�HO�VL�L�]LFH�FHOXLODOW��,D�QRWHD]D�DFROR�����6HIXO�SOXWRQXOXL�GH�SROLWLVWL��/D�GUDFX��FXP�D�SXWXW�VD�QH�VFDSH�LQIUDFWRUXO"�1X�DX�IRVW�SD]LWH�WRDWH�LHVLULOH"�%D�GD��GDU�SUREDELO�FD�DVFDSDW�SH�XVD�GH�LQWUDUH��vL�UDVSXQGH�XQ�FROHJ�������8Q�SLHWRQ� HVWH� DFFLGHQWDW� GH� R�PDVLQD� VL� UDPkQH� QHPLVFDW� SH� VWUDGD�� (FKLSDMXO� SROLWLHL� VRVHVWH� OD� ORFXO� DFFLGHQWXOXL�3ROLWLVWXO�VH�GXFH�OD�HO�VL�L�]LFH��+HL��QX�VWD�DVD�VL�QX�WH�SUHID�FD�QX�V�DU�IL�vQWkPSODW�QLPLFD�������2�IHPHLH�VRVHVWH�OD�VHGLXO�SROLWLHL�VL�UHFODPD�XQ�IXUW��0L�D�IRVW�IXUDW�SRUWPRQHXO�FX�DFWHOH�VL������3ROLWLVWXO�vL�vQWLQGH�XQ�IRUPXODU�VL�L�]LFH��7UHFHWL�DLFL�DFWHOH�FDUH�YL�DX�IRVW�IXUDWH�VL�GHVFULHUHD�EDQFQRWHORU��������6L�FH�VD�IDF�DFXP�FX�KkUWLD�FX�DPHQGD"�vQWUHDED�VRIHUXO�SROLWLVWXO��3DVWUDWL�O�ELQH�XQGHYD��&kQG�DYHWL�]HFH�EXFDWL�SULPLWL�R�ELFLFOHWD�������'RL�SROLWLVWL��GH�OD�FLUFXODWLH��PHUJ�FX�PDVLQD��FkQG�vQWU�R�FXUED� LHV�GH�SH�FDURVDELO� VL� LQWUD� vQWU�XQ�SRP��8QXO� vL�]LFHVRIHUXOXL��$VD�GH�UHSHGH�QX�DP�DMXQV�QLFLRGDWD�OD�ORFXO�DFFLGHQWXOXL������8Q�WXULVW�IUDQFH]�vQW]UHDED�XQ�SROLWLVW��1X�YD�VXSDUDWL��XQH�JDVHVF�DLFL�XQ�ORF�GH�SDUFDUH"�6L�SHQWUX�DWkWD�OXFUX�DWL�YHQLW�GLQ�)UDQWD"�������8Q�SROLWLVW�SH�PDOXO�XQXL�ODF�vL�]LFH�XQHL�WLQHUH��'RPQLVRDUD��DLFL�HVWH�LQWHU]LVD�EDLD��'DU�GH�FH�QX�PL�DWL�VSXV�DVWD�vQDLQWH�GH�D�PD�GH]EUDFD"�3HQWUX�FD�GH]EUDFDWXO�QX�H�LQWHU]LV�������8Q�SROLWLVW�RSUHVWH�XQ�SRSD�FDUH�D�WUHFXW�SH�URVX�FX�ELFLFOHWD��$FXP�R�VD�SODWLWL�DPHQGD��SDULQWH��7UHEXLH�FD�VXQWHWL�VDWXO�GH�YLDWD��FD�VD�WUHFHWL�SH�URVX"�)LXOH��vL�VSXQH�SDULQWHOH��WLQH�PLQWH�XQ�OXFUX��'RPQXO�'XPQH]HX�H�FX�PLQH��$WXQFL�R�VD�YD�FRVWH�VL�PDL�PXOW��VL�GRL�RDPHQL�SH�ELFLFOHWD�HVWH�LQWHU]LV�������(UD�XQ�SROLWLVW�vQWU�R�LQWHUVHFWLH��7UHFH�XQX�FX�PDVLQD�SH�URVX��FX�YLWH]D�)OXLHUD�SROLWDLXO��RSUHVWH�PDVLQD�VL�FRERDUD�GLQ�HD�XQX�FKLRU�GH�EHDW��+DL�GRPQH��KLF��FD�VLQW�VL�HX�VWXGHQW��KLF��DP�OXDW�VL�HX�WRDWH�H[DPHQHOH�LQ�VHVLXQHD�DVWD����%LQH�ED��GDU�YH]L�VD�QX�VH�PDL�LQWLPSOH�FD���3HVWH�H[DFW�XQ�DQ��DFHHDVL�VFHQD��DFHODVL�SROLWLVW��DFHHDVL�LQWHUVHFWLH��DFHODV�LQFLGHQW��DFHODVL�VRIHU�FODPSD�GH�EHDW��&H�IDFL�PD��WRW�WX�HVWL�"��+DL�GRPQH��KLF��FD�DP�WHUPLQDW�VL�HX�IDFXOWDWHD��DP�EDXW�FHYD�FX�EDLHWLL����%LQH�ED��GDU�YH]L�VD�QX�VH�PDL�LQWLPSOH�FD���3HVWH�LQFD�XQ�DQ��DFHHDVL�VFHQD��DFHODVL�SROLWLVW��DFHHDVL�LQWHUVHFWLH��DFHODVL�LQFLGHQW��GDU�DOW�VRIHU�KRWDUkW�GH�EHDW��7X�FH�IDFL�PD��GH�FH�����+DL�GRPQH��KLF��FD�DP�WHUPLQDW�VL�HX�IDFXOWDWHD��DP�EDXW�FHYD�FX�EDLHWLL����%DL��QX�QFHUFD�VD�GHUXWH]L�RUJDQX��FH��FUH]L�FD�HX�QX�VWLX�FD�IDFXOWDWHD�V�D�WHUPLQDW�DQX�WUHFXW"����&LFD�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VHILL�SROLWLHL�URPkQH�VH�KRWDUDVF�VD�IDFD�GLQ�SROLWDL�XQ�H[HPSOX�SHQWUX�VRFLHWDWH��FD�VD�QX�PDL�UvGDOXPHD�GH�HL����)DF�HL�FH�IDF�VL�SROLWLVWLL�vQYDWD�VD�PHDUJD�SH�DSD�����ÌL�GXF�VHILL�SH�XQ�ODF�VL�DVWLD�VH�SOLPEDX�SH�ODF����7RWL�SULYLWRULL�vQPDUPXULWL�VL�SOLQL�GH�DGPLUDWLH��QXPDL�GRL�vQWU�R�SDUWH�UvGHDX�VD�FUDSH��8Q�WLS�vL�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�UvGHWL"

Page 157: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�'H�SURVWLL�DVWLD��3DL�GH�FH"�QX�YHGHWL�FD�VWLX�VD�PHDUJD�SH�DSD���"�'D�PDL��GD�WX�QX�YH]L�FD�QX�VWLX�VD�vQRDWH"�������8Q�SROLWDL�YUHD�VD�VH�vQVFULH�vQ�&DUWHD�5HFRUGXULORU��&H�DWL�UHDOL]DW�SHQWUX�D�YD�SXWHD�vQVFULH�vQ�&DUWHD�5HFRUGXULORU"�$P�UH]ROYDW�XQ�SX]]OH��3DL�ELQH��GRPOH��RULFLQH�SRDWH�VD�UH]ROYH�XQ�SX]]OH����'D��GDU�SH�SX]]OH�XO�PHX�VFULD��ÌQWUH���VL���DQL���LDU�HX�O�DP�UH]ROYDW�vQ�GRDU���DQL�����6H�GXFH�XQ�SROLWLVW�OD�OLEUDULH�VL�GLVFXWD�FX�YkQ]DWRDUHD��$YHWL�FDLHWH�FX�FHUFXOHWH�"�'RPQXOH�QX�H[LVWD�FDLHWH�FX�FHUFXOHWH��QX�VH�IDEULFD�DD�FHYD��GDFD�GRULWL�DYHP�GH�PDWHPDWLFD��FX�SDWUDWHOH�VDX�GLFWDQGR�FXOLQLXWH��GDU�FX�FHUFXOHWH�QX�DYHP����(X�YUHDX�FDLHWH�FX�FHUFXOHWH����'RPQXOH��VXQWHWL�WkPSLW���$SDUH�XQ�VHI�DO�SROLWLVWXOXL�VL�YkQ]DWRDUHD�vL�H[SOLFD�FH�VH�vQWkPSOD��6HIXO�SROLWLVWXOXL�vO�WULPLWH�SH�VXEDOWHUQ�OD�SOLPEDUH��3OHDFD�GRPOH��QX�YH]L�FD�HVWL�WkPSLW��FXP�QDLED�FDLHWH�FX�FHUFXOHWH��QX�H[LVWD�DD�FHYD���6HIXO�SROLWLVWXOXL�vL�FHUH�YkQ]DWRDUHL��'RDPQD��HX�YUHDX�FHUQHDOD�SHQWUX�FODVD�D�,9�D�VL�JOREXO�5RPkQLHL����6XQWHWL�WkPSLW��FXP�QDLED�FHUQHDOD�SHQWUX�FODVD�D�,9�D�VL�JOREXO�5RPkQLHL"$SDUH�VHIXO�VL�PDL�PDUH�VL�L�VSXQH�VXEDOWHUQXOXL��3OHDFD�PDL��QX�YH]L�FD�HVWL�WkPSLW��FXP�QDLED�FHUQHDOD�SHQWUX�FODVD�D�,9�D�VL�JOREXO�5RPkQLHL���3OHDFD�SROLWLVWXO��'RDPQD�PLH�GDWL�PL�QLVWH�SOLFXUL�URWXQGH�FD�DP�GH�WULPLV�QLVWH�FLUFXODUH�������/D�SRVWXO�FRPXQDO�GH�MDQGDUPL�VH�SUH]LQWD�XQ�LQGLYLG�FX�DULSD�PDVLQLL�vQIXQGDWD��'RPQXOH�SOXWRQLHU��DYHWL�YDFL�QHJUH�vQ�VDWXO�DFHVWD"�'LQ�FvWH�VWLX�HX��QX��'DU�FDSUH�QHJUH"�1X��QX�FUHG��&DL�QHJUL"�1X��'H�FH�vQWUHEDWL"�ÌQVHDPQD�FD�DP�ORYLW�XQ�SRSD�����8QXO�EHDW�PHUJHD�QRDSWHD�FX�PDVLQD�SH�DXWRVWUDGD�FkQG�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YHGH�XQ�RP�URVX�OD�PDUJLQHD�GUXPXOXL�2SUHVWH�PDVLQD�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��&LQH�HVWL"�(X�VXQW�XQ�PLF�RP�URVX��YLQ�GH�SH�0DUWH��VXQW�KRPRVH[XDO�VL�PL�H�IRDPH�6H�JkQGHVWH�VRIHUXO�QRVWUX�FH�VH�JkQGHVWH��vL�GD�XOWLPXO�FROW�GH�SkLQH�VL�SOHDFD�PDL�GHSDUWH�3XWLQ�PDL�vQFROR�YHGH�XQ�RP�YHUGH�OD�PDUJLQHD�GUXPXOXL�VL�LDU�VH�RSUHVWH��&LQH�HVWL"�6XQW�XQ�PLF�RP�YHUGH��YLQ�GH�SH�0DUWH��VXQW�KRPRVH[XDO�VL�PL�H�VHWH��ÌL�GD�UHSHGH�XOWLPD�OXL�FROD�VL�SOHDFD�PDL�GHSDUWH�&kQG�GHRGDWD�YHGH�OD�PDUJLQHD�GUXPXOXL�XQ�PLF�RP�DOEDVWUX��6H�RSUHVWH�VL�]LFH��6WLX�GHMD��HVWL�XQ�RP�DOEDVWUX��YLL�GH�SH�0DUWH��HVWL�KRPRVH[XDO�GDU�FHHD�FH�QX�VWLX�H��FH�YUHL"�$FWHOH�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�VL�VD�VXIODWL�vQ�ILROD�DVWD�������8Q�SROLWLVW�YURLD�VD�VL�LD�WHOHYL]RU��,QWUD�vQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ�GH�HOHFWURQLFH��YHGH�XQXO�SRWULYLW�VL�vL�VSXQH�YkQ]DWRUXOXL��1H�SDUH�UDX��GDU�DLFL�QX�VHUYLP�SROLWLVWL�9LQH�SROLWLVWXO�VL�D�GRXD�]L��GH�GDWD�DFHDVWD�vPEUDFDW�vQ�FLYLO�VL�FX�R�PXVWDWD�IDOVD��9�DP�PDL�VSXV�R�GDWD�FD�QX�VHUYLP�SROLWLVWL�([DVSHUDW�� SROLWLVWXO� VH� GXFH�� vVL� IDFH� RSHUDWLH� GH� VFKLPEDUH� GH� VH[���6H� vQWRDUFH� GXSD� FvWHYD� ]LOH� FX� vQIDWLVDUHD� FRPSOHWVFKLPEDWD��%LQH��GRPOH��FKLDU�QX�QWHOHJL�FD�SURGXVHOH�GLQ�PDJD]LQXO�QRVWUX�QX�VXQW�SHQWUX�SROLWLVWL"�([WUDRUGLQDU��&XP�vWL�GDL��GRPOH��VHDPD�FD�VXQW�SROLWLVW"�$FHOD�QX�HVWH�WHOHYL]RU��GRPOH��HVWH�IULJLGHU�������8Q�FHWDWHDQ�EHDW�VH�GXFH�OD�XQ�SROLWLVW�VL�vL�VSXQH��6HIX�YUHDX�VD�WL�VSXQ�XQ�EDQF�SROLWLF��1X�YH]L�FD�HVWL�EHDW"�vO�vQWUHDED�SROLWLVWXO��6HIX�vWL�VSXQ�XQ�EDQF�SROLWLF��1X�YH]L�FD�VXQW�SROLWLVW"

Page 158: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�1X�L�QLPLF��WL�O�VSXQ�SkQD�O�SULFHSL�����ÌQWU�R�VHDUD��SH�VWUDGD��R�EDWUvQLFD�VWULJD�FvW�R�WLQHDX�SODPvQLL��6DULWL��6DULWL��KRWLL����3ULQGHWL�O�UHSHGH����8Q�SROLWDL�FDUH�HUD�vQ�SUHDMPD�R�vQWUHDED�PLUDW��&H�VH�vQWvPSOD��GRDPQD"�9�D�IXUDW�FLQHYD�FHYD"�'D��GD��XLWH�O�SH�FHO�FH�IXJH�DFROR��SULQGHWL�O�����D�YUXW�VD�PD�YLROH]H����/D�FDUH�SROLWDLXO��1X�L�QLPLF��GRDPQD��QX�YD�DJLWDWL�DWvWD��ODVDWL�FD�YLQH�DOWXO��������8Q�VRIHU�FDUH�GHSDVLVH�ELQLVRU�YLWH]D�OHJDOD�HVWH�RSULW�GH�XQ�SROLWLVW�FDUH�vL�FHUH�SHUPLVXO��&HO�YLQRYDW�VH�H[HFXWD��'DU�vQSHUPLV�VD�DIOD�R�EDQFQRWD�GH�R�VXWD�GH�GRODUL�SH�FDUH�HUD�VFULV�FX�FUHLRQXO��$P�JUHVLW��MXU�FD�Q�R�VD�VH�PDL�UHSHWH��6L�LDUWD�QH�QRXD�JUHVHOLOH�QRDVWUH�3ROLWLVWXO�FRPSOHWHD]D�FDOP�SURFHVXO�YHUEDO�GH�FRQWUDYHQWLH��vO�SXQH�SH�vPSULFLQDW�VD�VHPQH]H��DSRL�L�O�vQWLQGH��vPSUHXQD�FXEDQFQRWD�vQ�FDX]D��3H�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD�VFULD��'Y��SXWHWL�JUHVL��VFDSDWL�LHIWLQ��HX�Q�DP�YRLH�VD�JUHVHVF��6L�QX�QH�GXFH�SH�QRL�vQ�LVSLWD�����7HVW�GH�HQJOH]D�OD�DFDGHPLD�GH�SROLWLH��9D�URJ�VD�PL�VSXQHWL��vQWUHDED�H[DPLQDWRUXO�SH�XQ�SROLWLVW�FDUH�SDUHD�PDL�UDVDULW��SDWUX�FXYLQWH�vQ�HQJOH]D��'D��VSXQH�DFHVWD��0HWUR�*ROGZLQ�0D\HU��6L�DO�SDWUXOHD"�8DXXXXX�����'RL�SROLWLVWL�SDWUXOHD]D�SH�VWUDGD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�XQXO�VH�DSOHDFD�VL�LD�FHYD�GH�SH�WURWXDU��&HODODOW�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�L�DLD"�2�EDFQRWD�GH�������6�R�YDG�6H�XLWD�OD�EDFQRWD��GXSD�FDUH�R�DUXQFD��'H�FH�DL�DUXQFDW�R"�vO�vQWUHDED�FHO�FDUH�D�JDVLW�R��3DL�XQGH�DL�PDL�YD]XW�WX�EDFQRWD�GH�������SH�FDUH�GXSD���VD�XUPH]H���]HURXUL"�����7UHFH�XQX�SH�VWRS�FX�PDVLQD��PLOLWLDQXO�QX�]LFH�QLPLF�3DUFKHD]D�SH�LQWHU]LV��PLOLWLDQXO�QLPLF�6H�GXFH�OD�PLOLWLDQ��vL�GD�XQ�SXPQ��GHJHDED��ÌO�VFXLSD��vO�FDOFD�SH�SDQWRIL���WRW�QLPLF��7LSXO�VH�SRWROHVWH�VL�SOHDFD�IOXLHULQG�0LOLWLDQXO�DOHDUJD��vO�SULQGH�VL�L�WUDJH�R�EDWDLH�SH�FLQVWH��%LQH�PD��DL�WUHFXW�SH�VWRS��Q�DP�]LV�QLPLF��$L�SDUFDW�QHUHJOHPHQWDU��P�DL�VFXLSDW����GDU�QX�DGPLW�VD�IOXLHUL�IDOV�GLQ�%DFK�����8QXO� WUHEXLD� VD� SOHFH� vQ� GHOHJDWLH�SHQWUX� GRXD� OXQL�� VL� FD� VD� ILH� VLJXU� FD�QHYDVWD� OXL�QX� vO� YD� vQVHOD�� V�D�KRWDUkW� VD� vLFXPSHUH�R� MXFDULH�VH[XDOD� VFXPSD� VL� HILFLHQWD��6�D�GXV�HO� vQWU�XQ� VH[� VKRS�� VL� D� vQFHSXW� VD� VH� XLWH� OD� WRW� FH� HUD� SH� DFROR�9kQ]DWRUXO��YD]kQG�FD�RPXO�QX�H�PXOWXPLW�GH�QLFL�XQXO�GLQ�SURGXVH��vL�RIHUD��SXOD�YRRGRR���XQ�LQVWUXPHQW�GLQ�OHPQ��DVH]DWvQWU�R�FXWLH��6L�FXP�VH�IRORVHVWH"�vQWUHDED�RPXO�PLUDW��8LWH��vL�]LFL���SX D�YRRGRR��XVD��,QVWUXPHQWXO�VH�VFXOD�GLQ�FXWLH�VL�vQFHSX�VD�IX D�XVD��$SRL�YkQ]DWRUXO�vL�VSXVH��3X D�YRRGRR��vQDSRL�vQ�FXWLH�6L�DVWD�VH�vQWRDUVH�vQ�FXWLH��7LSXO��PXOWXPLW�GH�QRXD�DFKL]LWLH��VH�GXVH�DFDVD�� vL�H[SOLFD�QHYHVWHL� OXL�FH�WHEXLH�VD�IDFD�FD�VDSRUQHDVFD��MXFDULD��VL�SOHFD�OLQLVWLW�vQ�GHOHJDWLH��'XSD�R�VDSWDPkQD��IHPHLL�vL�YHQL�SRIWD�GH�VH[��VL�vVL�DPLQWL�GH�SX D�YRGRR�6FRDWH�FXWLD�GLQ�GXODS�VL�VSXQH��3X D�YRRGRR��SL GD�PHD�'XSD�YUHR�WUHL�RUJDVPH�vVL�GDGX�VHDPD�FD�VRWXO�HL�D�XLWDW�VD�vL�VSXQD�FXP�VH�RSUHVWH��$VD�FD�vVL�SXVH�R�IXVWD�SH�GHDVXSUD�VLSOHFD�FX�PDVLQD�VSUH�XQ�VSLWDO��VD�YDGD�FH�VH�SRDWH�IDFH��'LQ�FDX]D�XQXL�DO�SDWUXOHD�RUJDVP��PDVLQD�GHUDLD]D�vQWU�XQ�FRSDF�8Q�SROLWLVW�YLQH�OD�IHPHLH�VL�DFHDVWD�VH�FKLQXLH�VD�vL�H[SOLFH��'RPQXOH����VLWL����VRWXO�PHX����DDKK����D�SOHFDW�VL����DKK����SX D�YRRGRR���/D�FDUH�SROLWLVWXO��(��GD��SX D�YRRGRR�Q�FXUX�PHX��%HWLYDQL�OD�YRODQ��������6H�vQWkOQHVWH�XQ�SROLWLVW�FX�XQ�EHWLY����6D�WUDLWL�GRPQXOH�SROLWLVW���]LFH�EHWLYX�0XOW]DP������KkF����ÌPL�GDWL�YRLH�VD�WUHF�SULQWUH�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�"�'D���KkF���GD�VD�WUHFHWL�SH�UkQG��

Page 159: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���������%XFXUHVWL��8Q�RP�FDGH�vQWU�XQ�FDQDO�vQ�WLPS�FH�VL�SXUWD�VSUH�FDVD�YLFWRULRV�SRYDUD�XQRU�FDUWRDQH�GH�RXD�REWLQXWHFX�JUHX��8Q�SROLWDL�SOLQ�GH�VROLFLWXGLQH�GD�WHOHIRQ�OD�VDOYDUH�SDQLFDW��9HQLWL�UHSHGH��D�FD]XW�XQ�WRYDUDV�vQ�FDQDO�VL�VL�D�VSDUW�RXDOH�3URIHVLRQDO��YRFHD�GH�OD�JDUGD�vQWUHDED��%LQH��ELQH��GDU�RUJDQXO"�2UJDQXO�OD�DSDUDW��GXGXLH�����0LOLWLHQL�vQ�PDVLQD��%DL��*KHRUJKH��LD�VFRDWH�WX�FDSXO�SH�JHDP�VL�YH]L��PHUJH�GUDFLD�DLD�GH�R�DYHP�GHDVXSUD�VDX�QX"*KHRUJKH��FX�JvWXO�vQWLQV�OD�UHIX]���'D��QX��GD��QX��GD��QX�������7HVW�GH�LWDOLDQD�OD�SROLWLVWL��([DPLQDWRUXO��XQ�FRORQHO�GH�SROLWLH��vO�vQWUHDED�SH�XQXO�GLQ�SROLWLVWL��&RPH�WL�FKLDPR"/D�FDUH�DFHVWD�UDVSXQGH��0D�SHU�FKH"�0DSHUFKH�VL�PDL�FXP"����8Q�SROLWDL�LQWHUSHOHD]D�XQ�LQGLYLG�EHDW�WXUWD�FDUH�vQFHDUFD�VD�VH�XUFH�OD�YRODQXO�PDVLQLL�VDOH��&KLDU�LQWHQWLRQH]L�VD�VRIH]L�vQ�KDOXO�DVWD"�1�DP�GH�DOHV��1X�YH]L�FD�QX�V�vQ�VWDUH�V�R�LDX�SH�MRV"����'H�FXUkQG�V�DX�vQQHFDW���SROLWLVWL�vQ�'kPERYLWD�8QXO�VWDWHD�SH�PDUJLQHD�DSHL�VL�IXPD��$�DUXQFDW�WLJDUD�GXSD�FDUH�D�VDULW�VL�HO�VD�R�VWLQJD�$O�GRLOHD�HUD�FX�EDUFD�SH�DSD�FLQG�D�YD]XW�FD�DUH�R�JDXUD�SH�XQGH�LQWUD�DSD��DVD�FD�D�PDL�IDFXW�XQD�FD�VD�LDVD�DSD�,DU�FHLODOWL�GRL�DX�PXULW�OD�UHFRQVWLWXLUH�����2�JDJLFD�PHUJH�QRDSWHD�SH�R�VWUDGD�GH�SHULIHULH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��DSDU�QLVWH�WLJDQL�FDUH�R�YLROHD]D��6L�FD�VD�QX�SOHFHFX�PkQD�JRDOD��vL�LDX�VL�KDLQHOH��(D��FH�VD�IDFD��VH�EDJD�vQWU�XQ�ERVFKHW�VL�DVWHDSWD��'XSD�XQ�WLPS�DSDUH�XQ�SROLWLVW��*DJLFD�vLSRYHVWHVWH�FH�VL�FXP��VL�vO�URDJD�VD�L�GHD�FHYD�VD�VH�DFRSHUH��FD�VD�SRDWD�DMXQJH�DFDVD��3ROLWLVWXO�vL�GD�FKLSLXO��(D��FH�VD�IDFD�LD�FKLSLXO�VL�vQFHDUFD�VD�DFRSHUH�FkW�SRDWH�SXQFWXO�GH�LQWHUHV��$SRL�SOHDFD��3H�VWUDGD��VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�GRL�EHWLYL��6H�XLWD�HLELQH�OD�HD��%D��VD�VWLL�FD�DOD�H�SROLWLVWXO�SH�FDUH�O�DP�EDJDW�QRL�LQ�SL GD�PDVLL��������8Q��SROLWLDQ��vVL�IDFHD�URQGXO��IUHFDQGX�VL�FX�VDWLVIDFWLH�EDVWRQXO�GH�PkQD�9D]kQG�vQ�IDWD�VD�R�FRDMD�GH�EDQDQD�DUXQDWD�SH�MRV��RPXO�FX�EDVWRQXO�H[FODPD�YDGLW�LULWDW��3WLX��ILU�DU�D�GUDFXOXL�GH�YLDWD��LDU�FDG������/D�XQ�FRQWURO�GH�UXWLQD�XQ�WkQDU�FRQGXFDWRU�DXWR�H�RSULW�GH�XQ�HFKLSDM�DO�SROLWLHL�GH�OD�FLUFXODWLH��3UH]HQWDWL�YD�URJ�SHUPLVXO�GH�FRQGXFHUH��'H�FH"�HX�FUHGHDP�FD�SHUPLVXO�VH�GD�GRDU�GH�OD����DQL�������2�PDVLQD��FX�WUHL�SHUVRDQH��HVWH�RSULWD�GH�XQ�SROLWLVW��6XQWHWL�DO�������OHD�DXWRPRELO�FDUH�WUHFH�SH�DXWRVWUDGD��9D�LQIRUPH]�FD�DWL�FkVWLJDW�����PLOLRDQH�OHL��&H�DWL�YUHD�VD�IDFHWLFX�EDQLL"/D�FDUH�VRIHUXO��3DL�FUHG�FD�SULPD�GDWD�YRL�IDFH�FDQHWXO�GH�FRQGXFHUH�6RWLD�GH�OkQJD�HO��1X�O�FUHGHWL�GRPQXOH�SOXWRQLHU��H�PRUW�GH�EHDW�%XQLFXO�GLQ�VSDWH��9L�DP�VSXV�HX�FD�QX�DMXQJHP�GHSDUWH�FX�PDVLQD�IXUDWD�'LQ�SRUWEDJDM�VH�DXGH��$P�WUHFXW�GHMD�GH�JUDQLWD"�������/D�VFRDOD�GH�SROLWLH�VH�IDFH�XQ�FXUV�GHVSUH�GHWXUQDUL�GH�DYLRDQH��ÌQ�SDX]D�SROLWLVWLL�VWDX�GH�YRUED��,PSRVLELO��DVD�XQ�OXFUX��]LFH�XQXO�GLQ�HL��1X�VH�SRDWH�VD� IDFL� VD�GLVSDUD�XQ�DYLRQ��1X�SRWL�VD�O� LHL�FX� WLQH��ÌQ�EX]XQDU�QXvQFDSH��GRDU�DWL�YD]XW�FH�PDUH�H��6L�QLFL�vQ�JHDQWD�QX�O�SRWL�EDJD����%D�SURVWRYDQXOH��XQ�DYLRQ�QX�SRDWH�IL�GHWXUQDW�DWkWD�WLPS�FkW�VH�DIOD�OD�VRO�����6L�DWXQFL�XQGH"����3DL�QXPDL�vQ�DHU���$L�YD]XW�VL�WX�GRDU�FH�PLF�H�FkQG�H�DFROR�VXV���

Page 160: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����2�PDVLQD�VH�ORYHVWH�EUXWDO�GH�R�FDUXWD��ÌQ�XUPD�DFFLGHQWXOXL�FDOXO�VL�FDUXWDVXO�VXQW�UDQLWL�GHVWXO�GH�JUDY��3ROLWLVWXO�YLQH�ODIDWD� ORFXOXL�VL�YD]kQG�FDOXO�FKLQXLQGX�VH�� vQWU�XQ� DFFHV�GH�PLOD�� vO� vPSXVFD��$SRL� VH� vQGUHDSWD�FDWUH�FDUXWDV�FX�SLVWROXO� vQPkQD�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��6L�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�VXQWHWL�UDQLW"�1X��QX��'RDPQH�IHUHVWH��DVD�GH�ELQH�QX�P�DP�VLPWLW�QLFLRGDWD��������8Q�WkQDU�DVSLUDQW�OD�VFRDOD�GH�SROLWLH�H�VWH�vQWUHEDW�OD�H[DPHQXO�GH�DGPLWHUH��&H�YD�SODFH�DWkW�GH�PXOW�OD�PHVHULD�GH�SROLWLVW"�)DSWXO�FD�FOLHQWLL�QX�DX�QLFLRGDWD�GUHSWDWH�FL�QXPDL�HX��������2�FLUFD�GH�SROLWLH�SULPHVWH�GH�OD�FHQWUDOD�RUGLQ�VD�DUHVWH]H�XQ�UDXIDFDWRU�ORFDOQLF��&D�GH�RELFHL�DVWLD�SULPHVF�WUHL�SR]HDOH�DFHVWXLD��GLQ�IDWD�FX�VL�IDUD�SDODULH�VL�GLQ�SURILO��'XSD�R�OXQD�VH�GD�UDSRUWXO�OD�FHQWUDOD��'RL�IDSWDVL�DUHVWDWL��FHOXL�GH�DO�WUHLOHD�vL�VXQWHP�SH�XUPH��������ÌQWU�XQ�UDSRUW�DO�SROLWLHL�VWD�VFULV��)DSWDVXO�OHJDVH�YLFWLPD�FX�R�VIRDUD�VL�HUD�SH�FDOH�VD�R�QHFLQVWHDVFD��'LQ�IHULFLUH�SROLWLD�L�D�OXDW�R�vQDLQWH��������ÌQ� WRLXO� LHUQLL�� XQ� JDUGLDQ� SXEOLF�� vQ� %XFXUHVWL�� WRFPDL� YHGH� XQXO� FDUH� VH� SUHJDWHD� VD� VH� DUXQFH� GH� SH� XQ� SRG� vQ'kPERYLWD��6H�GXFH�OD�HO�VL�vL�VSXQH��ÌQFHWHD]D�RGDWD�FX�SURVWLLOH��'XSD�UHJXODPHQW�DU�WUHEXL�VD�VDU�GXSD�WLQH��0�DV�XGD�GLQ�FDS�SkQD�vQ�SLFLRDUH�VL�DU�WUHEXL�VDDVWHSWDP�FHO�SXWLQ�R�RUD�SkQD�YLQH�VDOYDUHD��1H�DP�DOHJH�DPkQGRL�FX�R�DSULQGHUH�GH�SODPkQL��'XSD�DFHHD�DU�WUHEXL�VD�VFULXXQ�UDSRUW�DO�FHORU�vQWkPSODWH��GLQQRX�RUH�VXSOLPHQWDUH����$VD�FD�GDFD�DL�GH�JkQG�VD�WH�VLQXFL]L��GX�WH�DFDVD�VL�VSkQ]XUD�WH��������8Q�PLOLWLDQ�PHUJH�SH�VWUDGD�VL�FDGH�vQWU�XQ�FDQDO�IDUD�FDSDF��,HVH�vQFHUFkQG�VD�VL�VWHDUJD�XQLIRUPD�VL�FkQG�DMXQJH�DIDUDvVL�]LFH���&H�QRURF�DP�DYXW���3DL�FXP�LHVDP�HX�DIDUD�GDFD�HUD�FDSDFXO�SXV"����'RL�PLOLWLHQL�VH�GXF�OD�XQ�ERUGHO�SURDVSDW�GHVFKLV��5HFHSWLRQHUXO�OH�]LFH��&H�GRULWL��EDLHWL"�$P�YUHD�VD�I P�VL�QRL�FHYD��6L�FkWL�EDQL�DYHWL"�9UHR�VDL]HFL�GH�PLL�GH�OHL��'H�EDQLL�DVWLD��LHVLWL�YRL�DIDUD��PHUJHWL�YUHR�����GH�PHWUL�OD�VWkQJD��YHGHWL�FD�H�XQ�SDUFXOHW�VL�YD�I WHWL�vQ�FXU��3OHDFD�PLOLWLHQLL�vQWULVWDWL�VL�DSDU�GLQ�QRX�GXSD�R�MXPDWDWH�GH�RUD��,DUDVL�YRL"��]LFH�UHFHSWLRQHUXO�1X�DWL�IRVW�XQGH�Y�DP�]LV�HX"�%D�GD��GDU�DP�YHQLW�VD�SODWLP�����%XOD�WRFPDL�LHVH�GLQ�VHGLXO�PLOLWLHL�MXGHWHQH�VL�HSXL]DW��VH�VSULMLQD�GH�XQ�SRP��8Q�WUHFDWRU�VH�DSURSLH�GH�HO��vQWUHEkQG��1X�YD�VXSDUDWL��QX�VWLWL�XQGH�VH�EDWH�OD�PDVLQD"�1X�VWLX��SH�PLQH�P�DX�EDWXW�PDQXDO�������8Q�PLOLWLDQ� VWDWHD� vQWU�R�LQWHUVHFWLH�PDUH� SH�EXOHYDUGXO�0DJKHUX� VL� FRQGXFH�FLUFXODWLD�JHVWLFXOkQG�VL� IOXLHUkQG� IRDUWHHOHJDQW��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�DSDUH�PDVLQD�PLOLWLHL�FX�JLURIDUXULOH�vQ�IXQFWLXQH�VL�RSUHVWH�vQ�IDWD�DUWLVWXOXL�GH�PLOLWLDQ���6D�WUDLWL�WRY�FRORQHO��VLQW�VHUJHQW�;�OD�SRVWXO������HVWH�vQWUHUXSW�GH��0D�GRELWRFXOH�PDUV�DFDVD�VL�VKLPED�WH�� WH�YHGH�R�OXPH�vQWUHDJD�DLFL�vQ�PLMORFXO�FDSLWDOHL��QX�YH]L�FD�DL�R�FL]PD�QHDJUD�VLXQD�DOED������3HUPLWHWL�VD�UDSRUWH]�6,�$&$6$�727�$6$�/(�$0�����������&LFD�LQWUD�XQ�SROLWLVW�vQWU�R�FRIHWDULH�FD�VD�VL�FXPSHUH�FHYD�GXOFH�SHQWUX�DFDVD��6H�GXFH�OD�YkQ]DWRU�VL�]LFH��1X�YD�VXSDUDWL��ERPERDQH�HVWH�"9kQ]DWRUXO�VH�XLWD�OD�HO�DVD�PDL�FLXGDW�VL�vL�]LFH��'RPQXOH��ERPERDQH�6817��$�GRXD�]L�LDU�VH�GXFH�SROLWLVWXO�VD�VL�LD�FHYD�GXOFH�GH�OD�DFHHDVL�FRIHWDULH��1X�YD�VXSDUDWL��FDUDPHOH�HVWH�"9kQ]DWRUXO�RIWLFDW�vL�]LFH��'RPQXOH��FDUDPHOH�6817���6H�GXFH�SROLWLVWXO�DFDVD�VL�FDGH�SH�JkQGXUL���%DL�FUHG�FD�YkQ]DWRUXO�DOD�YUHD�VD�PD�IDFD�DWHQW�VD�YRUEHVF�FLYLOL]DW�FX�����JDWD�DVWD�H�$�WUHLD�]L�VH�GXFH�SROLWLVWXO�IHULFLW�OD�DFHHDVL�FRIHWDULH��FX�IUXQWHD�VXV�VL�vL�VSXQH�YkQ]DWRUXOXL��)LWL�DPDELO��UDKDW�VXQW"/D�FDUH�YDQ]DWRUXO��(67,�FD�G�DLD�WH�DL�IDFXW�SROLWLVW����

Page 161: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����2�WRDQFD�PLFD� VL�GHSUDYDWD�VH�PXWD� vQWU�R�JDUVRQLHUD�GLQWU�XQ�EORF�GH�ERVRURJL���/D�VFXUW� WLPS�L� VH� IDF�R�PXOWLPH�GHUHFODPDWLL�OD�SROLWLH�FD�D�IDFXW�DYHUH�SUDFWLFkQG�VH[�RUDO��VL�YLQ�VL�SROLWLVWLL��'H�XQGH�DYHWL�WRDWH�OXFUXULOH�DVWHD�"�3DL��IDF�VH[�RUDO�����$GLFD��PXLH�"��1XXX���(VWH�DOWFHYD����3DL�FDUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�""�9HGHWL��FXP�VD�YD�H[SOLF�����FH�JUDG�DYHWL�"�&DSLWDQ����6L�FH�VDODULX�DYHWL�"���������OHL�SH�OXQD����$FXP�YD�GDWL�VHDPD�"�$67$�HVWH�PXLH�������8Q�WUDFWRULVW�D�UDVWXUQDW�UHPRUFD�FX�OHPQH�FKLDU�vQ�PLMORFXO�VWUD]LL��8Q�SROLWLVW�FDUH�HUD�vQ�SUHDMPD�vL�]LFH��&H�DL�IDFXW��HVWL�WHUPLQDW��VD�YH]L�FH�R�VD�WL�IDFD�VHIXO���7UDFWRULVWXO���3DL�VWLH���3ROLWLVWXO���'H�XQGH�VWLH"7UDFWRULVWXO���3DL����HVWH�VXE�OHPQH�������'RXD�VRWLL�GH�SROLWLVWL�VWDX�GH�YRUED��8QD�]LFH��'UDJD��VRWXO�PHX�DUH�SRVW�OkQJD�R�IORUDULH��1LFLRGDWD�QX�PL�D�DGXV�YUHR�IORDUH����6L�FH"�$O�PHX�DUH�SRVW�OkQJD�FRQVHUYDWRU��2�FRQVHUYD�Q�DP�YD]XW�SkQD�DFXP�������ÌQWU�R�VHDUD��XQ�FDOXJDU�PHUJHD�SH�VWUDGD��vQIDVXUDW�vQWU�R�PDQWD�QHDJUD��FX�JOXJD�SH�FDS���6H�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�GRL�SROLWLVWLFDUH�vO�EDW�GH�VH�FDFD�SH�HL�DSRL�XQXO�GLQ�HL�vL�]LFH��&H�ED�1,1-$�FUH]L�FD�WRWX�L�FD�Q�ILOPH"����&LFD�YLQH�XQ�SRSD�OD�3ROLWLH��'RPQXOH�SROLWLVW��PL�V�D�IXUDW�ELFLFOHWD���9D�URJ�IUXPRV�VD�PL�R�JDVLWL�SHQWUX�FD�HX�VXQW�XQ�RP�PRUW�IDUD�HD���DP�VOXMEH�GH�WLQXW�LQ�VDWHOH�YHFLQH�VL�QX�DP�FX�FH�VD�DMXQJ�DFROR�&DXWD�SROLWLVWLL�FH�FDXWD�YUHR���]LOH��GD�QX�JDVHVF�QLPLF��6H�GXF�OD�SRSD�VL�vL�]LF��3DULQWH��QX�DP�SXWXW�VD�WL�JDVLP�ELFLFOHWD��GD�XLWH�FH�VD� IDFL����PkLQH�FkQG� WLL� VOXMED� OD�QRL� vQ�VDW��DWXQFL�FkQG�]LFL�FDUH�HWUHDED�FX�FHOH����3RUXQFL�WH�RSUHVWL�SXWLQ�GXSD�FH�R�]LFL�S�DLD�FX��6D�QX�IXUL����VL�YH]L�FLQH�VH�vQURVHVWH�OD�IDWD�'XSD�DLD�YLL�VL�QH�VSXL�QRXD�VL�UH]ROYDP�9LQH�SRSD�GXSD�VOXMED�IHULFLW�OD�SROLWLVWL�VL�OH�VSXQH��*DWD��EDLHWL��V�D�UH]ROYDW�3ROLWLVWLL��(L��FLQH�V�D�vQURVLW�"3RSD��6WDWL�SXWLQ�FD�QLFL�Q�DP�DMXQV�OD�D���D�SRUXQFD���6D�QX�IXUL�����SHQWUX�FD�OD�D���D���6D�QX�SUHDFXUYHVWL�����PL�DP�DGXV�DPLQWHXQGH�PL�DP�8,7$7�ELFLFOHWD�����2�PDVLQD�SOLQD�GH�PLOLWHQL�RSUHVWH�VD�LD�XQ�SRSD�FDUH�OH�IDFH�VHPQ�FX�PkQD�ÌQ�PDVLQD� H� XQ� SXUFHO� SH� FDUH� JUDGDWLL� O�DX� SURFXUDW� GLQWU�XQ� &$3�� /D� XQ� PRPHQW� GDW� VL� FD� VD� IDFD� SXWLQD� FRQYHUVDWLH�SDULQWHOH�vQWUHDED�XQGH�GXF�JRGDFXO��ÌO�GXFHP�VD�GHD�H[DPHQ�OD�WHRORJLH��VSXQH�VSUH�KD]XO�WRYDUDVLORU�VDL�XQ�SOXWRQLHU��6L�GDFD�QX�UHXVHVWH��vQWUHDED�SUHRWXO��vO�WLQHWL�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�vQ�PLOLWLH"����ÌQ� QRDSWHD� GH� &UDFLXQ�� XQ� SROLWLVW� FDODUH� VWDWHD� vQ� LQWHUVHFWLH�� OkQJD� VHPDIRU�� $ODWXUL� RSUHVWH� VL� %XOD�� SH� QRXD� OXLELFLFOHWD��)UXPRDVD�ELFLFOHWD�DL��]LFH�FRSRLXO��7L�D�DGXV�R�0RV�&UDFLXQ"�'D��]LFH�%XOD��,D�VD�L�]LFL�WX�OXL�0RV�&UDFLXQ�OD�DQX�VD�WL�DGXFD�VL�XQ�IDU�VL�QLVWH�RFKL�GH�SLVLFD��]LFH�SOLWLVWXO�DPHQGkQG�XO�SH�%XOD��'D�FH�FDO�IUXPRV�DL�VL�WX��]LFH�VL�%XOD��7RW�PRV�&UDFLXQ�WL�O�D�DGXV�VL�WLH"�'D��]LVH�JDERUX�Uk]kQG�OD�%XOD��6LJXU�FD�HO�PL�O�D�DGXV��,D�VD�L�VSXL�WX�OX�PRVX�OD�DQX�VD�SXQD�S D�VXE�FDO��QX�SH�FDO�����/D�XQ�H[DPHQ�OD�$FDGHPLD�GH�3ROLWLH��XQ�FDQGLGDW�HVWH�vQWUHEDW��/D�FkWH�JUDGH�ILHUEH�DSD"�/D����� UDVSXQGH� IHUP�FDQGLGDWXO��3LFDW�� LHVH�GLQ�VDOD� VL�SRYHVWHVWH�FX�QDGXI� IUDWHOXL�PDL�PDUH�� SURDVSDW�RILWHU�GH�SROLWLH�VXELHFWXO�DERUGDW�$FHVWD�vO�DGPRQHVWHD]D��GRFW�

Page 162: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�3URVWXOH��1X�DSD�ILHUEH�OD����GH�JUDGH��FL�XQJKLXO�GUHSW���������2ILWHU��GH�FH�Q�DL�YHQLW�LHUL�OD�VHUYLFLX"�vO�vQWUHED�FRPDQGDQWXO�SH�XQ�WkQDU�SROLWLVW��)LLQGFD�LHUL�P�DP�vQVXUDW��VD�WUDLWL��%LQH��'DU�VD�QX�VH�PDL�vQWkPSOH�D�GRXD�RDUD�����ÌQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ�LQWUD�XQ�SROLWLVW�vQ�FLYLO��%XQD�]LXD��vPL�SXWHWL�DUDWD�VL�PLH�WHOHYL]RUXO�DFHOD�GH�GRXD�PLOLRDQH��ÌPL�SDUH�UDX��UDVSXQGH�YkQ]DWRDUHD��GDU�QRL�QX�VHUYLP�SROLWLVWL�6XSDUDW�QHYRLH�PDUH��SROLWLVWXO�PHUJH�DFDVD��VH�GHJKL]HD]D�FXP�VWLH�HO�PDL�ELQH�VL�VH�UHvQWRDUFH�OD�PDJD]LQ��$V�GRUL�VL�HX�VD�YDG�WHOHYL]RUXO�DFHOD�GH�GRXD�PLOLRDQH��'RPQXOH��Q�DX]LWL�FD�QX�VHUYLP�SROLWLVWLL"�UDVSXQGH�YkQ]DWRDUHD�HQHUYDWD�1HJUX�GH�IXULH��SROLWLVWXO�VH�GXFH�LDU�DFDVD�VL�vVL�VFKLPED�SHQWUX�D�GRXD�RDUD�GHJKL]DUHD��'RDPQD��YD�URJ�VD�PL�DUDWDWL�VL�PLH�WHOHYL]RUXO�DFHOD�GH�GRXD�PLOLRDQH�GH�OHL��0DL�RPXOH��HVWL�VXUG"�1�DX]L�FD�QX�VHUYLP�SROLWLVWLL"�%D�GD��GRDPQD��vQVD�SXWHWL�VD�PL�VSXQHWL�VL�PLH�FXP�GH�YL�DWL�GDW�VHDPD�FD�VXQW�SROLWLVW"�3DL��GUDJD�GRPQXOH���WHOHYL]RUXO��DFHOD�GH�GRXD�PLOLRDQH�QX�HVWH�WHOHYL]RU��FL����FXSWRU�FX�PLFURXQGH�����2�FLUFD�GH�SROLWLH�RUJDQL]HD]D�R�H[FXUVLH�OD�PXQWH�SHQWUX�DQJDMDWLL�VDL��&X�DFHDVWD�RFD]LH�HVWH� vQFKLULDW�XQ�DXWRFDU�FXHWDM��-RV��RILWHULL�UkG��FkQWD�DSODXGD��vQWU�XQ�FXYDQW�VH�GLVWUHD]D�GH�PLQXQH�� vQ� WLPS�FH�VXV��DFROR�XQGH� V�DX�DVH]DW�JUDGHOHLQIHULRDUH�� QX� VH� DXGH� QLFL� XQ� ]JRPRW�� ,QWULJDW�� XQ� RILWHU� XUFD� VFDUD� SHQWUX� D� YHGHD� FH� VH� vQWkPSOD�� 6FHQD� GH� FRVPDU��7DEODJLL�� ]DF� vQWLQVL� SH� SRGHD� VDX� VH� WLQ� FX� GLVSHUDUH� GH�PkQHUHOH� VFDXQHORU�� WRWL� VXQW� YHU]L� GH� IULFD� VL� WUHPXUD� GLQ� WRWFRUSXO��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�EDLHWL"�'H�FH�VXQWHWL�DWkW�GH�VSHULDWL"�3DL��GRPQXOH�RILWHU��DELD�UHXVL�VD�VSXQD�XQ��WDEODJLX���GXPQHDYRDVWUD�RILWHULORU�FH�YD�SDVD"���'XPQHDYRDVWUD�DYHWL�VRIHU������'RPQXOH�SROLWLVW�FLQHYD�PL�D�IXUDW�ELFLFOHWD��(UD�vQFD�EXQD"�'D�PHUJHDP�FX�HD�OD�OXFUX����$WL�DYXW�FORSRWHO�OD�HD"�1X��)UkQD�GH�PkQD"�1X��)DU�VL�RFKL�GH�SLVLFD"�1X��$WXQFL�WUHEXLH�VD�SODWLWL���������DPHQGD�������&LFD� VFULH� XQ� SROLWDL� VPHFKHU� R� FDUWH�� �&H� H�SROLWDLL� VL� FH� YUHD� HL������ 6H� GXFH� XQ� FROHJ� GH�DO� DXWRUXOXL� OD� OLEUDULH� VDFXPSHUH�FDUWHD����9UHDX�VL�HX�R�FDUWH���&H�H�SROLWDLL�VL�FH�YUHD�HL�����1H�SDUH�UDX��V�D�HSLX]DW��1X�FRQWHD]D��GD�WL�PL�DVD��HSXL]DW�FXP�DYHWL�������'RL�SRUXPEHL�SRYHVWHVF��9H]L�FLQH�L�VXE�FRSDF"�'HVLJXU�FD�YDG��UDVSXQGH�FHODODOW��8Q�SROLWDL��6L�DWXQFL����&H�PDL�DVWHSWL"����8Q�SXVWL�VH�SLVD�GH�SH�XQ�SRG�vQ�DSD��$SDUH�XQ�PLOLWLDQ��%D��1X�WL�H�UXVLQH"��'DFD�WL�WDL�SXWD"�,DX�DOWD��6L�GDFD�WL�R�WDL�VL�S�DLD"�,DX�DOWD��0D��GD�GH�XQGH�OH�LHL�WX�"�'LQ�SL GD�PDWLL��QHQH�����3ROLWLVWXO�RSUHVWH�R�PDVLQD�VL�vL�VSXQH�VRIHUXOXL��6XIOD�vQ�ILROD��1�DP�GH�JkQG��vL�VSXQH�VRIHUXO��6XIOD�GRPQH�vQ�ILROD��1X�3ROLWLVWXO�vVL�SLHUGH�UDEGDUHD�VL�vL�VSXQH��6XIOD�RGDWD��FD�GDFD�QX��VXIOX�HX�VL�YD�IL�VL�PDL�YHUGH�

Page 163: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����8Q�EHDW�LHVH��QRDSWHD�WkU]LX��GLQ�ELUW�VL�SH�vQ�SDUFDUH�EDWH�FX�SDOPD�SH�FDSRWHOH�PDVLQLORU�GLQ�MXU��8Q�WUHFDWRU�vO�YHGH�VL�vOvQWUHDED��&H�IDFL�RPXOH"�ÌPPPPPL�FFFDXW�PDVLQD��2P�EXQ�DVD�QX� vWL�JDVHVWL� vQ�YHFL�PDVLQD��$VD� QX�YHL� UHFXQRDVWH�QLFL� FXORDUHD�HL�QLFL�PRGHOXO� VL� QLFL�PDFDU�QXPDUXO�GHvQPDWULFXODUH�QX�L�O�SRWL�YHGHD��1X�L�QLPPPPPLFD��8QGHYD�DLFL�VXV�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH�JJJJJJLURIDUXO�DOEEEEDVWUX��������(FKLSDMXO�SROLWLHL�vQ�PLVLXQH�SH�7UDQVIDJDUDVDQL���3H�7UDQVIDJDUDVDQL��vQ�DOHUWD��XUFD�$UR�XO�SROLWLHL�vQ�PDUVDOLHU��8Q�WUHFDWRU�vL�vQWUHDED��'D�ELQH�PDL�EDLHWL��GH�FH�XUFDWL�YRL�SH�WUDVHXO�DFHVWD�SHULFXORV�FX�VSDWHOH"�3DL��QH�DP�JLQGLW�FD�GDFD�VXV�QX�JDVLP�ORF�GH�vQWRUV��YRP�SXWHD�YHQL�OD�FRERUkUH�FX�IDWD�'XSD�XQ�WLPS��GLQ�QRX�HFKLSDMXO�SROLWLHL��FRERUkQG�7UDQVIDJDUDVDQXO��WRW�vQ�PDUVDOLHU��7UHFDWRUXO�GLQ�QRX��3DL�ELQH�PDL�EDLHWL��GH�FH�FRERUkWL�7UDQVIDJDUDVDQXO�FX�VSDWHOH"�$P�JDVLW�ORF�GH�vQWRUV�������8Q�VRIHU�DMXQJH�FX�PDVLQD�SH�PDOXO�XQXL�UkX�VL�O�vQWUHDED�SH�XQ�SROLWLVW�FH�SHVFXLD��GDFD�L�DGkQFD�DSD��$FHVWD�L�UDVSXQGHFD�QX�L�DGkQFD�/D�FDUH�VRIHUXO�LQWUD�FX�PDVLQD�Q�DSD�VH�VFXIXQGD�LHVH�FX�FKLX�FX�YDL�GLQ�DSD�VL�O�vQMXUD�SH�SROLWDL��WX�WL�PDPD�WD�GH�SURVW��DL�]LV�FD�DSD�L�PLFD�VL�XLWH�FD�HUD�VD�PDQHF��3H�RQRDUHD�PHD��DFXP����PLQXWH�HUD�PLFD��DX�WUHFXW�QLVWH�UDWH�VL�OH�DMXQJHD�DELD�SkQD�Q�SLHSW��������8Q�VHI�GH�SROLWLH��LQWULJDW�GH�IDSWXO�FD�RGUDVOD�VD�LO�LQWUHDED�FLQH�D�VFULV��/XFHDIDUXO��LO�FKHDPD�OD�HO�SH�XQ�VXEDOWHU��%D�GX�WH�OD�LQGLYLGXO�DOD�GH�SH�VWUDGD�VL�LQWUHDED�O�GDFD�VWLH�FLQH�D�VFULV�/XFHDIDUXO�'XSD�FFD�����PLQXWH�VH�LQWRDUFH�VXEDOWHUQXO�XG�OHRDUFD�GDU�FX�XQ�]LPEHW�GH�VDWLVIDFWLH�SH�FKLS��*DWD�GRP�VHI�D�UHFXQRVFXW�HO�D�VFULV�R����8Q�SROLWLVW�PHUJH�OD�XQ�SDULQWH�FD�VD�VH�VSRYHGHDVFD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�SDULQWHOH�vO�vQWUHDED��$L�IXUDW�YUHRGDWD"3ROLWLVWXO�UDVSXQGH��3DULQWH�HX�DP�R�YRUED�FDUH�PD�VFXWHVWH�VD�IXU��VH�FRQILVFD�%DQFXUL�FX�SHVFDUL��Ì�'H�FH�QX�DX�SHVWLL�6,'$"5�3HQWUX�FD�SX HOH�VXQW�SH�PDO����/RFXO�DVWD�HVWH�H[FHOHQW�SHQWUX�SULQV�FUDSL��QX�L�DVD"�'D��GDU�FUHG�FD�VXQW�SOHFDWL�vQ�ZHHN�HQG��FD�GH�YLQHUL�GXSD�PDVD�VWDX�DLFL�VL�SkQD�DFXP�Q�DP�SULQV�QLFL�XQXO���*LJHO�SHVFXLD�vQWU�XQ�ORF�LQWHU]LV��$SDUH�SD]QLFXO��&H�IDFL�DLFL"�ÌQYDW�R�PXVFD�VD�vQRDWH��$WXQFL�WUHEXLH�VD�SODWHVWL�DPHQGD�FD�QX�DUH�FRVWXP�GH�EDLH���9DULDQWD�8Q�SHVFDU�GDGHD�OD�XQGLWD�vQWU�XQ�ORF�XQGH�SHVFXLWXO�HUD�LQWHU]LV��8Q�SD]QLF�VH�DSURSLH�GH�HO�VL�L�]LFH��7UHEXLH�VD�SODWLWL�DPHQGD��DLFL�SHVFXLWXO�H�LQWHU]LV��(X�QX�SHVFXLHVF��vL�IDF�GRDU�EDLH�UkPHL�DVWHLD����]LFH�SHVFDUXO�ULGLFkQG�EDWXO�GLQ�DSD��$PHQGD�WRW�WUHEXLH�VD�SODWHVWL��5kPD�QX�DUH�VOLS�SH�HD�VL�DVWD�QX�H�SODMD�GH�QXGLVWL�����(UD�XQX�SH�PDOXO�XQHL�DSH�VL�GDGHD�OD�SHVWH��6WD�HO�S�DFROR�SH�OkQJD�SOXWD�VL�GHRGDWD�PXVFD��&DQG�VFRDWH�XQGLWD�GLQ�DSD��FHVD�YH]L���XQ�SHVWLVRU�GH�DXU��$VWD�GD�VD�O�EDJH�Q�WUDLVWD�FkQG�WUHFH�XQX�SH�OkQJD�HO��&H�IDFL�ED�IUDLHUH��DUXQFD�O�ED�vQDSRL�vQ�DSD��WX�QX�VWLL�FD�SHVWLVRUXO�GH�DXU�vWL�vQGHSOLQHVWH�WUHL�GRULQWH"6D�XLWD�SHVFDUX�OD�SHVWH��]LFH��+DL�ED�GD�WH�GUDFX�FD�VL�DVD�HVWL�PLF�VL�SULFDMLW��PDUV�vQ�SL GD�PD�WLL�vQDSRL�vQ�DSD�1X�O�DUXQFD�ELQH�Q�DSD�FD�SHVWLVRUXO�GH�DXU�VFRDWH�FDSX�DIDUD�VL�L�]LFH��%D�� SHQWUX�FD�P�DL� VDOYDW� vWL� vQGHSOLQHVF� WUHL�GRULQWH��'D� RULFH�PL�DL� FHUH�� OX� DOD� vL�GDX�GH�GRXD�RUL�PDL�PXOW�� FD� HO� WH�DvQYDWDW�GH�ELQH�6WD�DVWD�SH�JkQGXUL�VL�]LFH��9UHDX�R�YLOD�XOWUDVXSDUDWD�DLFL�SH�PDOXO�DSHL�

Page 164: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

3DF��ÌL�DSDUH�Q�IDWD�R�YLOD��&kQG�VH�XLWD��OkQJD�YLOD�OXL��OX�DOD�vL�IDFXVH�GRXD�YLOH��9UHDX���VDFL�GD�EDQL�3DF��DSDU�OkQJD�HO���VDFL�GH�EDQL��/X�DOD�vL�DSDU���VDFL���$X]L�ED��LD�PL�XQ�FRL���8Q�FKLELW�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�XQ�SHVFDU��7H�DL�DOHV�FX�FHYD�GH�FkQG�VWDL�DLFL"�'D��FX�XQ�MXQJKL�vQ�VSDWH������9DULDQWD�OD�SUHFHGHQWXO��$WL�SULQV�FHYD��GH�FkQG�VWDWL�DLFL"�'D��DSD�vQ�FL]PH������ÌQWUH�GRL�SHVFDUL��0XVFD"�'D��DL�GUDFXOXL��PXVFD��&UDSXO"�1X��WkQWDULL�����/D�XQ�UHVWDXUDQW�SHVFDUHVF��6HUYLWL�VL�FDUDFDWLWH"�6HUYLP�SH�WRWL�FOLHQWLL������8Q�FXULRV�VH�RSUHVWH�vQ�VSDWHOH�XQXL�SHVFDU��(L��FXP�PHUJH"�0XVF�VDX�QX"�$WL�SULQV�YUHXQXO"�'D��DGLQHDXUL�DP�SULQV�SH�XQXO�FDUH�PD�EDWHD�OD�FDS�VL�O�DP�DUXQFDW�vQ�UkX������'RL�SHVFDUL�VXHGH]L�VWDX�FX�XQGLWD�vQ�EDOWD��'XSD�XQ�WLPS��vQFHS�VD�FRQYHUVH]H��&DVDWRULW"�'XSD�YUHR�MXPDWDWH�GH�RUD��FHODODOW�UDVSXQGH��'D�0DL�WUHFH�YUHR�RUD��)UXPRDVD"6H�IDFH�DPLD]D��1X�$VILQWHVWH��%RJDWD"7UHFH�YUHPHD����1X�������$WXQFL�GH�FH�DL�OXDW�R"ÌQFHS�VD�VL�VWUkQJD�OXFUXULOH��3HQWUX�PRPHDOD������$GLFD�FXP��PRPHDOD�"�6H�DJDWD�GH�EDUD�WUROHLEX]XOXL��$UH�OLPEULFL����&XJHWDUH���3HVFDULL�H[DJHUHD]D����'DU���3RDWH�FD�XQ�SHVWH�PHUJH�DFDVD�VL�vQGUXJD�PLQFLXQL�GHVSUH�PDULPHD�QDGHL�SH�FDUH�D�IXUDW�R���������VXU]L�VH�vQWkOQHVF��XQX�GLQ�HL�FDUD�R�XQGLWD�SH�XPDU��7H�GXFL�OD�SHVFXLW"�1X��PD�GXF�OD�SHVFXLW��$��VFX]D�PD��FUHGHDP�FD�WH�GXFL�OD�SHVFXLW����6H�IDF�SUHJDWLUL�SHQWUX�XQ�FRQJUHV�DO�SHVFDULORU��3UHVHGLQWHOH��7UHEXLH�VD�HYLWDP�VLWXDWLD�GLQ�DQLL�SUHFHGHQWL��FkQG�OD�PDVD�IHVWLYD��GXSD�YRGFD�VL�SDOLQFD��V�D�vQFHSXW�FX�FKHVWLL�UDVXIODWH�GHJHQXO���DP�SULQV�R�VWLXFD�DWvWD��DP�SULQV�XQ�FDUDV�DWvWD��GH����FP��GH����FP��GH���OD���NJ��HWF���VXQW�FKHVWLL�MHQDQWH��$VWHSWSURSXQHUL�vQ�DFHVW�VHQV�8QXO�SURSXQH�VD�VH�GHD�DQJDMDPHQWH�VFULVH��VHIXO�VSXQH�FD�DVWD�V�D�PDL�IDFXW�VL�QX�V�D�UHVSHFWDW��HWF��8Q�DOW�WLS�]LFH��'RPQLORU��VXQW�FKHVWLL�FH�QX�SRW�IL�FRQWURODWH��OD�XQ�SDKDUXW�RPXO�XLWD�GH�WRDWH�DQJDMDPHQWHOH�

Page 165: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

(X�DV�VXJHUD�VD�IRORVLP�QLVWH�FDWXVH��ILHFDUH�VD�DYHP�SH�WRW�WLPSXO�PHVHL�FDWXVH�OD�PvLQL�VL�DVWIHO�QX�VH�PDL�SRDWH�DUDWD�FD�DSULQV�XQXO�DWkWD�VDX�DWkWD��6H�DFFHSWD�YDULDQWD�FD�ILLQG�FHD�PDL�VLJXUD��$X�ORF�OXFUDULOH�VL�VH�DMXQJH�OD�PDVD�IHVWLYD��JXVWDUL�YRGFD��PDVOLQH��PDPDOLJXWD��SDOLQFD���3UHVHGLQWHOH�WRFPDL�YRUEHD��$P�ILODW��DP�vQWLQV��D�PXVFDW��DP�vQFHSXW�VD�O�WUDJ��O�DP�DGXV�OD�PDO��DP�OXDW�PLQFLRJXO�VL�O�DP�VFRV�DIDUD�(UD��HUD��YL]LELO�MHQDW�GH�FDWXVH��DUDWD�FX�PkLQLOH�GHSDUWDWH��IDFXWH�FDXV���DYHD�XQ�RFKL�XLWH�DWkWD�GH�PDUH����7UHL�SHVFDUL�DVWHDSWD�SH�PDOXO�'XQDULL�VD�VH�SULQGD�FHYD�vQ�XQGLWD�'HRGDWD�DSDUH�XQ�SRUF�PLVWUHW��0D��GDFD�DU�IL�&ODXGLD�6FKLIIHU��]LFH�SULPXO��$U�IL�ELQH�VL�GDFD�DU�IL�QHYDVWD�PHD��]LFH�DO�GRLOHD�$O�WUHLOHD�WDFH�SXWLQ��DSRL�H[FODPD�FX�QDGXI��&HO�PDL�ELQH�DU�IL�GDFD�DU�IL�vQWXQHULF�����8Q� SHVFDU� FX� VWLFOXWD� GH� YRGFD� ODQJD� HO�� /D� XQ� PRPHQW� GDW� SULQGH� SHVWLVRUX� GH� DUJLQW�� 'D� HO� VD�O� DUXQFH� GD� DVWD� vLYRUEHVWH��6WDL�FD�WL�vQGHSOLQHVF�R�GRULQWD��'X�WH�EDL�vQ�SL] D�PD�WLL��6WDL�EDL�IUDLHUH��%LQH�EDL����GH�DFX�VD�PD�SLV�YRGFD��2N�$UXQFD�DVWD�SHVWLVRUX��'XSD�XQ�WLPS�VH�WHUPLQD�VWLFOD�OXL�GH�YRGFD��6WD�DVWD�FH�VWD�SH�JkQGXUL�VL�SkQD�OD�XUPD�LD�VWLFOD�VL�VHSLVD�vQ�HD��0LURDVH���YRGFD��%HD����YRGFD��9HFLQX�VH�XLWD�OD�HO�FD�OD�IHOX�SDLVSH��&H�IDFL�EDL�DFROR"�%HDX�YRGFD��'X�WH�EDL�,D�VL�JXVWD�9HFLQX��LXWH�OD�PkQLH�vL�GD�XQD�SHVWH�PkQD�VL�VWLFOD�]ERDUD�VL�VH�VSDUJH�GH�R�VWkQFD��$VWD�LD�XQ�FLRE�VL�L�O�GD�YHFLQXOXL�VD�OPLURDVD��$VWD�PLURDVH��9RGFD�EDL�FKLDU�DL�DYXW�GUHSWDWH��9H]L�EDL�IUDLHUH����DFX�GDFD�DL�VSDUW�VWLFOD��WUHFL�VL�LD�GH�OD�VXUVD������'DGHD�XQX�OD�SHVWH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��VFRDWH�vQILSW�vQ�DF�XQ�SHVWLVRU�GH�DXU��3HVWLVRUXO�vL�]LFH��'D�PL�ED�QHQH�GUXPXO�FD�PXOW�ELQH�vWL�YRL�IDFH�ÌL�GD�DVWD�GUXPX�vQDSRL�vQ�DSD�VL�SHVWLVRUXO�vL�]LFH��3D�FKHVWLD�DVWD�vWL�vQGHSOLQHVF�WUHL�GRULQWH�3OHDFD�DVWD�DFDVD�VL�vQ�IDWD�XVLL�VFDSD�FKHLOH�GLQ�PkQD��0LL�GH�SX H��H[FODPD�HO�ÌQ�ILQH��LQWUD�Q�FDVD�VL�FH�VD�YH]L���PLL�GH�SX H�vPSUDVWLDWH�SULQ�WRDWD�FDVD��3WLX�EDJDPL�DV�VL�GUHJHDPL�DV��ID�ED�FHYD�VD�GLVSDUD�WRDWH�SXOHOH�DVWHD�0DL�VWD�FkWHYD�PRPHQWH�VL�]LFH��,D�GD�PL�ED�SX D�vQDSRL�����6XQW�FHYD�SHVWL�vQ�ODFXO�DVWD"�1X�VWLX��(X�SHVFXLHVF�DLFL�GRDU�GH�R�VDSWDPkQD��������1X�YD�VXSDUDWL�FD�YD�vQWUHE��vQWUHDED�XQ�FXULRV�SH�XQ�SHVFDU��FkWL�SHVWL�DWL�SULQV"�3DL��UDVSXQGH�SHVFDUXO�GXSD�XQ�PRPHQW�GH�PHGLWDWLH��GDFD�O�SULQG�SH�DVWD�FDUH�PXVFD�DFXP�VL�SH�vQFD�GRL��vQVHDPQD�FD�DPSULQV�WUHL�SHVWL�������1X�VWLDL��vQWUHED�SD]QLFXO��FD�vQ�DFHVW�ODF�SHVFXLWXO�HVWH�LQWHU]LV"�3DL��FLQH�SHVFXLHVWH"�(X�R�vQYDWDP�SH�UDPD�DVWD�VD�vQRDWH�������&H�IDFL�DLFL��SHVFXLHVWL"�1X��vL�GUHVH]�SH�SHVWL�VD�vPL�PDQkQFH�GLQ�FkUOLJ�������6L�]LFL�FD�DL�SULQV�XQ�FUDS�GH�SHVWH����NLORJUDPH��IDUD�H[DJHUDUH"�)DUD��6L�FX�H[DJHUDUH"�1X�VWLX�FD�QX�O�DP�FkQWDULW�������&H�DL�SHVFXLW�LHUL��0LWLFD"�$P�SULQV���FUDSL��PDPD����FUDSL"�ÌQVHDPQD�FD�WH�DX�SDFDOLW�FHL�GH�OD�3LVFLFROD��3H�ERQ�VXQW�IDFWXUDWL���

Page 166: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����&H�IDFL�SULHWHQH"�3HVFXLHVWL"�$V��GD�GH�XQGH��ÌQHF�UkPHOH�FDUH�PL�DX�LQYDGDW�JUDGLQD�����2DUH�SHVWLL�VH�ODXGD�OD�IHO�FD�SHVFDULL"�3DUFD�SRWL�VD�VWLL"�1X�YDG�GH�FH�XQ�SHVWH�QX�VH�SRDWH�ODXGD�FX�PDULPHD�PRPHOLL�SH�FDUH�D�IXUDW�R�GLQ�FkUOLJ�����7DWLFXOH��FDUH�HVWH�FHO�PDL�PDUH�SHVWH�SH�FDUH�O�DL�SULQV"�ÌQWUHDE�R�PDL�ELQH�SH�PDLFD�WD��$P�FDP�XLWDW�FH�L�DP�VSXV�����ÌQ�XQHOH�SDUWL�DOH�*URHQODQGHL��SHVWHOH�XVFDW�VH�JDVHVWH�vQ�DVHPHQHD�FDQWLWDWL��vQFkW�HVWH�IRORVLW�FD�PRQHGD�GH�VFKLPE��6L�FXP�L]EXWHVF�VD�O�EDJH�vQ�DSDUDWHOH�WHOHIRQLFH�VDX�vQ�DXWRPDWHOH�FX�&RFD�&ROD"���8Q�SHVFDU�vQFHUFD�VD�VL�FRQYLQJD�VRWLD�FD�SHVWLL�VXQW�EXFXURVL�FkQG�VXQW�SULQVL��'DFD�Q�DU�IL��GH�FH�GDX�GLQ�FRDGD�FkQG�VXQW�VFRVL�GLQ�DSD"���8Q�FXULRV�VH�XLWD�VL�HO�OD�QLVWH�SHVFDUL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��XQXO�GLQWUH�HL�UHXVHVWH�VD�SULQGD�XQ�VRPQ�GH�WRDWD�IUXPXVHWHD�ÌO�VFRDWH�GLQ�FkUOLJ�VL�vO�DUXQFD�vQDSRL�vQ�DSD��&H�IDFL��RPXOH"�VWULJD�FXULRVXO��&H�VD�IDF�FX�GLWDPDL�SHVWHOH�FkQG�WLJDLD�PHD�H�ODWD�GRDU�GH�R�VFKLRDSD"���8Q�SHVFDU��FKLQXLQGX�VH�VD�DGXFD�OD�PDO�XQ�SHVWH�PDUH�SH�FDUH�WRFPDL�vO�SULQVHVH��FD]X�vQ�DSD�VL�vQFHSX�VD�VWULJH��$MXWRU��1X�VWLX�VD�vQRW��6L�FH�L�FX�DVWD"�vL�UHSOLFD�XQ�RP�FDUH�WRFPDL�WUHFHD�SH�DFROR��1LFL�HX�QX�VWLX�VD�SHVFXLHVF��GDU�QX�VWULJ�vQ�JXUD�PDUH�����,HUL�DP�SULQV�FHD�PDL�PDUH�FDSWXUD�GLQ�YLDWD�PHD��SRYHVWHD�YHFLQLORU�XQ�SHVFDU��8Q�FUDS��FDUH��FkQG�O�DP�FkQWDULW��DYHD��NJ��'D��FRQILUPD�EDLHWHOXO�SHVFDUXOXL�VL�WDWD�D�IRVW�DVD�GH�EXQ�FD�O�D�GDW�SLVLFXWHL�VD�O�PDQkQFH������8Q�RP�GH�OD�$VRFLDWLD�GH�3URWHFWLH�D�$QLPDOHORU��YHGH�XQ�EDLHWDV�FDUH�SHVFXLD�DYkQG�vQ�FkUOLJ�R�EURVFXWD��&XP�SRWL�VD�FKLQXLHVWL�ELDWD�EURVFXWD"�1X�HVWH�DGHYDUDWD��HVWH�GLQ�SODVWLF��(X�DP�FUH]XW�FD�HVWH�DGHYDUDWD��/D�IHO�DX�FUH]XW�VL�IUDLHULL�DVWLD�GH�SHVWL�GLQ�FRV����8Q�FXULRV�VH�RSUHVWH�vQ�VSDWHOH�XQXL�SHVFDU��(L��FXP�PHUJH"�0XVFD�VDX�QX"�$WL�SULQV�YUHXQXO"�'D��DGLQHDXUL�DP�SULQV�SH�XQXO�FDUH�PD�EDWHD�OD�FDS�VL�O�DP�DUXQFDW�vQ�UkX�������'H�FH�DL�XPDUXO�vQ�JKLSV"�$P�IRVW�GXPLQLFD�OD�SHVFXLW�VL�DP�SULQV�R�VWLXFD�XULDVD��6L�WL�D�IUDFWXUDW�XPDUXO�FvQG�DL�VFRV�R"�1X�DWXQFL��'XSD�YUHR�GRXD�FHDVXUL��FvQG�vL�DUDWDP�XQXL�DPLF�FkW�HUD�GH�PDUH�FDSWXUD�����9DL��GUDJD��FH�D�VODELW�VRWXO�WDX��'H�OD�SHVFXLW�L�VH�WUDJH��1X�VWLDP��SHVFXLWXO�VODEHVWH"�3DL�PDQkQFD�FH�SULQGH������8Q�SHVFDU�vVL�VWUkQJHD�VFXOHOH�GH�SHVFXLW�VXSDUDW�FD�QX�SULQVHVH�QLPLF��&kQG�VD�SOHFH�vO�RSUHVWH�XQ�SLWLF��6WLL�FLQH�V�HX"�1X��(X�VXQW�SLWLFXO�EDOWLORU�6L�FH�L�FX�DVWD"�3DL�HX�vWL�vQGHSOLQHVF�WUHL�GRULQWH�GDFD�vPL�vQGHSOLQHVWL�VL�WX�XQD��2N��6�D�IDFXW�6L�SHVFDUXO�FHUH�VD�GHYLQD�IRDUWH�ERJDW�VD�DLED�R�FDVD�IRDUWH�OX[RDVD�VL�R�VRWLH�FDUH�VD�DUDWH�VXSHUE��3LWLFXO�EDOWLORU�vL�SURPLWHFD�vL�YD�vQGHSOLQL�GRULQWD�GDU�vL�FHUH�VD�O�ODVH�VD�O�UHJXOH]H��3HVFDUXO�UHIX]D�OD�vQFHSXW�GDU�VH�JkQGHVWH�FH�DU�SLHUGH�VL�DFFHSWD�'XSD�FH�VL�IDF�WUHEXULOH��OD�SOHFDUH�SLWLFXO�vQWUHDED��7X�FkWL�DQL�DL"����GH�FH"�3DL�OD�YLUVWD�DVWD�PDL�FUH]L�vQ�SLWLFXO�EDOWLORU"

Page 167: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���6RWXO�SOHDFD�OD�SHVFXLW�SHQWUX�PDL�PXOWH�]LOH���1HYDVWD��PL�DL�SXV�VL�DUDJD]XO�GH�YRLDM"��'D��6L�PDL�JDVHVWL�vQ�UXFVDF�VL�YUHR�WUHL�FXWLL�GH�VDUGHOH�VL�XQ�GHVFKL]DWRU�������'H�GRXD�]LOH�WRW�SHVFXLHVF�VL�QX�DP�SULQV�QLPLF��&H�SHVWL�FLXGDWL��'DU�FX�FH�GDL"�&X�SLHWUH�������*DWD��]LVH�XQXO�GLQWUH�SHVFDUL��D]L�DP�YHQLW�GHJHDED��1X�PDL� HVWH�QLPLF�GH�IDFXW�� VD�QH�VWUkQJHP�VFXOHOH�VL�VD�SOHFDPDFDVD��%D�PDL�DYHP�FHYD�GH�IDFXW��&H"�6D�QH�SXQHP�GH�DFRUG�FX�FH�SRYHVWLP�DFDVD����8Q�FXULRV�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�XQ�SHVFDU��7H�DL�DOHV�FX�FHYD�GH�FkQG�VWDL�DLFL"�'D��FX�XQ�MXQJKL�vQ�VSDWH����8Q�SROLWLVW�WUHFXW�vQ�UH]HUYD��FDUH�VH�FDP�SOLFWLVHD��D�KRWDUkW�VD�VH�RFXSH�FX�SHVFXLWXO��6L�D�FXPSDUDW�PDQXDOH��XQGLWH��VL�DIDFXW� URVW�GH�PRPHDOD�VL�V�D�GXV�OD�EDOWD��'XSD���RUH�GH�DVWHSWDUH��HO� UHXVHVWH�VD�SULQGD�XQ�SHVWH�PLF��)XULRV��SROLWLVWXO� vOVFRDWH�GLQ�FkUOLJ��vO�DSXFD�GH�FRDGD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�L�WUDJD�SDOPH��6SXQH�XQGH�VXQW�FHLODOWL��6SXQH�XQGH�VXQW�FHLODOWL������0LRDUD�FDUH�FLWHD�R�FDUWH�FX�SRYHVWLUL�SHVFDUHVWL��vQWUHDED��0DPLFR��RDUH�H[LVWD�SHVFDUL�FDUH�QX�SULQG�QLPLF"�&XP�VD�QX��7DLFD�WDX�HVWH�XQ�H[HPSOX�VWUDOXFLW�����$VWD�YDUD�DP�SHVFXLW�XQ�FUDS�GH����NJ�����NJ"�6L�DL�DYXW�PDUWRUL"�'HVLJXU��DOWIHO�FUDSXO�DU�IL�DYXW�FX���NJ�PDL�PXOW�������%DUEDWXO�PHX�HVWH�XQ�SHVFDU�QHPDLSRPHQLW��$�SULQV�QXPDL�SHVWL�PDUL�vQ�GHOWD��8LWH�O�DLFL�vQ�IRWRJUDILH�FX�XQ�FUDS�GH���NJ��6L�EDUERVXO�DOD�GLQ�EDUFD��FLQH�H"�$��XQ�FXULRV�FDUH�WUHFHD�SH�DFROR������ÌQWUH�SHVFDUL��9DVLOH��FXP�WUDJH�VWLXFD�OD�XQGLWD"�'H�XQGH�YUHL�VD�VWLX�HX"�&UH]L�FD�DP�YD]XW�R�YUHRGDWD"���8Q�SHVFDU��YD]kQG�XQ�FRQIUDWH�FDUH�VWDWHD�FRQFHQWUDW�DVXSUD�DSHL��vO�vQWUHDED��&XP�H�DSD�DVWD]L"�(�DWDW�GH�PLQXQDWD�FD�QLFL�SHVWHOXL�QX�L�YLQH�VD�LDVD�GLQ�HD�����8QLL�SHVFXLHVF�ILLQGFD�OH�SODFH�DFHVW�VSRUW��DOWLL�GLQ�SOLFWLVHDOD��HX�GLQ�FDX]D�QHUYLORU��6L�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"�(X�YUHDX�VD�SULQG�SHVWH����,DUQD�JUHD����%5555��&LFD�HUD�XQ�SHVFDU�IDQDWLF��6L�GH�IDQDWLF�FH�HUD�VH�GXFH�HO�vQWU�R�]L�OD�SHVFXLW�GHVL�HUD�PXOW�VXE�]HUR�6FRDWH�WkUQDFRSX�VD�GHD�R�FRSFD��GXSD�FDUH�VL�DUXQFD�VFXOHOH�vQ�DSD��6WD�HO�FH�VWD�VL�RGDWD�DXGH�R�YRFH�JURDVD�GLQ�VSDWH��$LFHD�QX�LHVWH�SHVWH�*DJLX�FkQG�DXGH�vVL�H[WUDJH�XQGLWHOH�VL�VH�PXWD�PDL�vQFROR���WRW�QX�PLVFD��'XSD�R�YUHPH��DXGH�LDUDVL�YRFHD��$LFHD�QX�VH�DIOD�SHVWH�*DJLXVXSDUDW�VH�PXWD�GLQ�QRX��VSDUJH�JKHDWD�VL�VDGH��'LQ�QRX��vQ�VSDWHOH�OXL��YRFHD��$LFHD�QX�YHL�JDVL�SHVWH�(QHUYDW��SHVFDUX�VH�QWRDUFH�VL�JUDLHVWH��'DFLQH�SL D�PD�WLL�HVWL�WX��ED��GH�PL�WRW�VSHULL�QRURFXO"�(X�VXQW�GLUHFWRUXO�SDWLQRDUXOXL�%DQFXUL�FX�YDPHVL�VL�OD�YDPD

Page 168: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��/D�YDPD��HVWH�QRDSWH��'RL�RDPHQL�vQFHDUFD�VD�WUHDFD�IUDXGXORV�JUDQLWD��7UHF�SH�UkQG��FkQG�WUHFH�SULPXO�VH�DXGH�XQ�]JRPRWLDU�SD]QLFXO�VWULJD��6WDL��FLQH�HVWH�DFROR"�0LDDXX��$DD����H�GRDU�R�SLVLFD�7UHFH�FHO�GH�DO�GRLOHD�VL�IDFH�VL�DFHVWD�]JRPRW��SD]QLFXO�VWULJD�GLQ�QRX��+HL��&LQH�HVWH�DFROR"�7RW�R�SLVLFD���/D�YDPD�WUHFH�XQ�WDUDQ�FX�R�FDUXWD�SOLQD�FX�QLVWH�ELGRDQH��9DPHVXO�vO�RSUHVWH�VL�O�vQWUHDED��&H�DL�GRPQH�DLFL"�&H�VD�DP�GRPQX�YDPHVXOH�QLVWH�VXF�GH�FRFRV��$DDD�VXF�GH�FRFRV��LD�GD�PL�VD�JXVW�VL�HX�9DPHVXO�LD��JXVWD�VL�L�]LFH��'RPQH�WH�ODV�VD�WUHFL�GDFD�vPL�GDL�VL�PLH����.J��ÌWL�GDX�GRPQXOH�GDFD�DOWIHO�QX�VH�SRDWH���$FXP�SRW�VD�SOHF"�'X�WH�GRPQH�VDQDWRV��$SDL�DWXQFL�WH�VDOXW�GRPQX�YDPHVXOH����'LLL�PDL��&RFRV���GLLL������1X�DYHWL�QLPLF�GH�GHFODUDW"�vO�vQWUHDED�YDPHVXO�SH�FDODWRU��%D�GD��SDSDJDOXO�PHX��$WXQFL�vQVHDPQD�FD�WUHEXLH�VD�SODWLWL�R�WD[D��6XQW�VFXWLWL�GH�YDPD�QXPDL�SDSDJDOLL�vPSDLDWL�'HRGDWD�VH�DX]L�R�YRFH�UDJXVLWD�GLQ�EDJDMH��ÌWL�DUGH�GH�JOXPH"�3ODWHVWH�LPHGLDW�����8Q�FkWDUHW�GH�RSHUD�VH�vQWRDUFH�GLQWU�XQ�WXUQHX��/D�JUDQLWD�YDPHVXO��VFRWRFLQG�SULQ�EDJDMH��GDGX�SHVWH�R�FRURDQD�UHJDOD�FDUH�HUD�IRORVLWD�vQWU�XQ�DQXPLW�URO��9D]kQG�R��YDPHVXO�vQJKHWD��DSRL�OXD�SR]LWLD�GH��GUHSWL���VDOXWD�VL�EkLJXL��,HUWDWL�PD��0DMHVWDWH��3XWHWL�WUHFH���%XOD�LQWUD�FX�PDVLQD�vQ�YDPD��9DPHVXO�YLQH�OD�HO�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��&DIHD��ZKLVNL�WLJDUL"�1X�PXOWXPHVF��'DU�GDFD�GRULWL�EHDX�R�&RFD�&ROD���%DQFXUL�FX�VL�GHVSUH�FRPSXWHU9HFKLXO�7HVWDPHQW���/D�vQFHSXW��'XPQH]HX�O�D�FUHDW�SH�%,7�VL�%<7(��6L�FX�HL�D�FUHDW�:25'�XO����6L�HUDX�GRL�%<7(�vQ�:25'��VL�QLPLF�DOWFHYD�QX�H[LVWD��'XPQH]HX�D�VHSDUDW�818/�GH�=(52�VL�D�YD]XW�FD�OXFUXO�DFHVWDHVWH�EXQ����'XPQH]HX�D�]LV���6D�ILH�DFXP�'$7$���6L�DVWD�D�IRVW��'XPQH]HX�D�]LV���6D�VH�VWUkQJD�OD�XQ�ORF�'$7$�VL�VD�ILH�DVH]DWHILHFDUH�OD�ORFXO�HL���6L�D�FUHDW�GLVFXULOH�)/233<��+$5'�GLVFXULOH�VL�&203$&7�GLVFXULOH����6L�'XPQH]HX�D�VSXV� ���6D�ILH�&20387(5(�� FD� VD�H[LVWH� ORFXUL� XQGH� VD� ILH� IRORVLWH� WRDWH�DFHVWH�GLVFXUL���$VD�D�FUHDW'XPQH]HX�&20387(5(/(�VL�OH�D�QXPLW�+$5':$5(����'DU�62)7:$5(�QX�H[LVWD�vQFD��'XPQH]HX�D�FUHDW� vQVD�352*5$0(���XQHOH�PLFL��DOWHOH�PDUL���6L� OH�D�VSXV� DFHVWRUD��&UHVWHWL��vQPXOWLWL�YD��XPSOHWL�&20387(5(/(��VXSXQHWL�OH�VL�JHVWLRQDWL�OH�WRDWD�0(025,$���� ÌQ� ]LXD� vQ� FDUH� D� IDFXW�'XPQH]HX�&20387(58/�QX� HUD� vQFD�SH�SDPkQW� QLFL� XQ�RP� FDUH� VD� OXFUH]H� FX� HO�� 6L� DWXQFL'XPQH]HX�D�OXDW�XQ�RP�VL�L�D�VXIODW�vQ�FDS��VXIODUH�GH�ORJLFD��VL�D�FUHDW�352*5$0$7258/���� 6L� 'XPQH]HX� L�D� GDW� OXL� OXPHD� &20387(58/8,�� FD� V�R� OXFUH]H� VL� V�R� SD]HDVFD�6L� 352*5$0$7258/� D� VXSXVSURJUDPHOH�YRLQWHL�VDOH�VL�D�JXYHUQDW�SHVWH�WRDWH�&20387(5(/(�VL�WRDWH�WLSXULOH�GH�'$7$���'XPQH]HX�D�GDW�352*5$0$7258/8,�SRUXQFD�DFHDVWD���3RWL�VD�IRORVHVWL�WRDWH�YROXPHOH�VL�VXEYROXPHOH�FRSDFXOXL�FX352*5$0(�GDU�GLQ�SRPXO�FX�:,1'2:6�VD�QX�PDQkQFL��FDFL�vQ�]LXD�vQ�FDUH�YHL�PkQFD�GLQ�HO�YHL�PXUL�QHJUHVLW�����'XPQH]HX�D�]LV�DSRL����1X�HVWH�ELQH�FD�RPXO�VD�ILH�VLQJXU���6L�D�OXDW�XQD�GLQ�FRDVWHOH�352*5$0$7258/8,�VL�D�IDFXWGLQ�HD�R�FUHDWXUD�FDUH�VD�SULYHDVFD�QHvQFHWDW�OD�352*5$0$725���FDUH�VD�DGPLUH�VL�VD�LXEHDVFD�WRW�FH�YD� IDFH�DFHVWD��6L'XPQH]HX�D�QXPLW�FUHDWXUD�86(5����3URJUDPDWRUXO�VL�XVHU�XO�VH�GHVFXUFDX�GH�PLQXQH����'DU� %LOO� HUD� PDL� VLUHW� GHFLW� WRDWH� ILDUHOH� :25'�XOXL� SH� FDUH� OH� IDFXVH� 'XPQH]HX�(O� D� ]LV� 86(5�XOXL�� �2DUH� D� ]LV'XPQH]HX�FX�DGHYDUDW��6D�QX�UXODWL�352*5$0(!"����86(5�XO�D�UDVSXQV���'XPQH]HX�QH�D�SHUPLV�VD�UXODP�RULFH�SURJUDP�VL�VD�IRORVLP�RULFH�GDWD�GDU�QH�D�VSXV�VD�QX�UXODP:,1'2:6�XO��FD�YRP�PXUL��

Page 169: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���$WXQFL�%LOO�D�VSXV�86(5�XOXL����+RWDUkW�OXFUX��GDFD�vO�YHWL�IRORVL�QX�YHWL�PXUL��GDU�'XPQH]HX�VWLH�FD�vQ�]LXD�vQ�FDUH�YHWLJXVWD�GLQ�:,1'2:6�YL�VH�YRU�GHVFKLGH�RFKLL�VL�YHWL�IL�FD�'XPQH]HX��FXQRVFkQG�ELQHOH�VL�UDXO��9HWL�IL�FDSDELOL�VD�FUHDWL�VLYRL�RULFH�GRULWL��SULQWU�R�VLPSOD�DSDVDUH�GH�0286(�����6L�86(5�XO�D�YD]XW�FD�IUXFWHOH�:,1'2:6�XOXL�HUDX�SODFXWH�GH�SULYLW�VL�XVRU�GH�IRORVLW��V�D�JkQGLW�FD�HUD�GH�GRULW�FD�HOHVD�GHVFKLGD�FXLYD�PLQWHD��$�OXDW�GHFL�GLQ�HOH�VL�OH�D�vQFHUFDW��D�GDW�VL�352*5$0$7258/8,��FDUH�HUD�DODWXUL��VL�DFHVWD�OH�DvQFHUFDW�VL�HO����$WXQFL�DX�GHVFKLV�RFKLL�DPLQGRL�VL�DX�vQFHSXW�VD�VH�WHDPD�FD�RULFH�vQYDWDWXUD�DU�GHYHQL�LQXWLOD��GLQ�PRPHQW�FH�WRWXO�YDSXWHD�IL�vQORFXLW�FX�:,1'2:6�XO��'DU�86(5�XO�LQVWDODVH�GHMD�IUXFWXO�RSULW�vQ�&20387(58/�VDX�VL�XLWkQGX�VH�UXJDWRU�vQRFKLL�352*5$0$7258/8,��vO�FRQYLQVH�VL�SH�DFHVWD�VD�VH�EXFXUH�DODWXUL�GH�HO����&XUkQG�352*5$0$7258/�DYX�QHYRLH�GH�QRL� VL�QRL�'5,9(5�H�VL��FXP�DFHVWHD�QX�VH�JDVHDX�RULXQGH�� vQFHSX�VD� VHDJLWH�FD�VD�IDFD�URVW�GH�HOH����$WXQFL�VH�DX]L�JODVXO�'RPQXOXL���&H�FDXWL�WX�DWkW�GH�vQIULJXUDW"���6L�352*5$0$7258/�D�UDVSXQV���$P�QHYRLH�GH�QRL'5,9(5�H�VL�PD�VLPW�FD�vQ�'26�XO�JRO�IDUD�HOH�����6L�'XPQH]HX�D�]LV���&LQH�WL�D�VSXV�WLH�FD�DL�QHYRLH�GH�QRL�'5,9(5�H"�$L�UXODW�FXPYD�:,1'2:6�XO"�����352*5$0$7258/�D�UDVSXQV�VSDVLW���86(58/�SH�FDUH�PL�O�DL�GDW�VD�ILH�OkQJD�PLQH��PL�O�D�DGXV�VL�O�DP�vQFHUFDW�����6L�'XPQH]HX�D�VSXV�86(5�XOXL���&H�DL�IDFXW"���86(5�XO�D�UDVSXQV���%LOO�P�D�DPDJLW�VL�DP�vQFHUFDW�������'XPQH]HX�L�D�]LV�OXL�%LOO���)LLQGFD�DL�IDFXW�OXFUXO�DFHVWD��EOHVWHPDW�HVWL�VD�ILL�LQYLGLDW�GH�WRDWH�FUHDWXULOH�SDPkQWXOXL��6LWRWL�86(5�LL��GH�FkWH�RUL�VH�YRU�vQFXUFD�vQ�FUHQJLOH�:,1'2:6�XOXL��SH�WLQH�WH�YRU�vQMXUD��ÌQ�YHFL�YHL�IL�QHYRLW�VD�FUHH]L�QRLVL�QRL�UDPXUL�SHQWUX�:,1'2:6�VL�QLPLF�DOWFHYD����'XPQH]HX�D�]LV�DSRL�86(5�XOXL���9RL�PDUL�IRDUWH�PXOW�VXIHULQWD�VL�vQVDUFLQDUHD�WD��:,1'2:6�XO�WH�YD�GH]DPDJL�]L�GH]L� VL�WL� YD� HSXL]D� WRDWH� UHVXUVHOH� GH�0(025,(��9HL� IL� QHYRLW� VD� IRORVHVWL� SURJUDPH� MDOQLFH� VL� YHL� DSHOD� XPLO� OD� DMXWRUXOSURJUDPDWRUXOXL�LDU�HO�YD�VWDSkQL�SHVWH�WLQH����'XPQH]HX�V�D�vQWRUV�VSUH�352*5$0$725�VL�L�D�]LV���)LLQGFD�DL�DVFXOWDW�GH�JODVXO�86(5�XOXL�VL�DL�IRORVLW�FHHD�FH HX�WL�DP�SRUXQFLW�VD�QX�IRORVHVWL��EOHVWHPDW�HVWL�VD�QX�ILL�QLFLRGDWD�OLQLVWLW��7RDWH�SURJUDPHOH�WDOH�YRU�DYHD�HURUL�VL�YHL�IL�QHYRLW�VDOH�GHSDQH]L�VL�VD�OH�WRW�GHSDQH]L��]LOQLF��SkQD�OD�VIkUVLWXO�YHDFXULORU�����6L�'XPQH]HX�vL�D]YkUOL�SH�WRWL�GLQ�&(1758/�'$7$�VL�vQFKLVH�XVD�vQ�VSDWHOH�ORU��$SRL�'XPQH]HX�D�FUHDW�3$52/$����*(1(5$/�3527(&7,21�)$8/79UHL�VD�VWLL�GDFD�HVWL�EROQDY�GH�LQIRUPDWLFD"(VWL��EROQDY�GDFD���ÌQ�ILHFDUH�GLPLQHDWD�vWL�IDFL�XQ�EDFNXS���8OWLPXO�WDX�JkQG�vQDLQWH�GH�D�DGRUPL�HVWH����6KXWGRZQ�FRPSOHWH���&DXWL�EXWRQXO��&DQFHO��GXSD�FH�DL�DSDVDW�XQ�EXWRQ�JUHVLW�OD�OLIW�VL�WH�PLUL�FkW�GH�VDUDFD�H�LQWHUIDWD�XWLOL]DWRU���)DFL�GXEOX�FOLFN�SH�EXWRQXO�GH�OD�OLIW���$SHVL�3DJH'RZQ�FD�VD�vQWRUFL�IRDLD�XQHL�FDUWL���&kQG�YRUEHVWL�GH�QXPHUH�URWXQGH��WH�JkQGHVWL�OD���������������������������������������'LQ�WUHQ��DGPLUL�VFUROOLQJ�XO�SHLVDMXOXL���/D�WHOHIRQ��FRPSXL�XQ�QXPDU�GH�,3���ÌWL�DPLQWHVWL�FX�PDL�PDUH�XVXULQWD�DGUHVD�WD�GH�H�PDLO��GHFDW�SH�FHD�SRVWDOD�VDX�GHFDW�QXPDUXO�GH�WHOHIRQ����&kQG�vQFKL]L�R�IHUHDVWUD��GHJHWHOH�WDOH�VH�SXQ�vQ�PRG�DXWRPDW�vQ�SR]LWLD�$OW�)��6WLL�FD�DL�MXFDW�SUHD�PXOW�'RRP�GDFD���0HUJkQG�OD�FXOFDUH��OD�LQWUDUHD�vQ�GRUPLWRU�vQ�ORF�VD�DSULQ]L�EHFXO�DUXQFL�R�JUHQDGD�FX�$*�XO�vQ�FDPHUD���'RUPL�FX�R�GUXMED�VXE�SHUQD�PRWLYkQG�DVWD�FX��QX�VH�VWLH�QLFLRGDWD�SHVWH�FH�GDL�vQ�vQWXQHULF���,QWUkQG�vQWU�R�vQFDSHUH�VDX�vQ�OLIW�LHVL�LPHGLDW�DIDUD�FD�VD�YH]L�GDFD�WH�SkQGHVWH�FLQHYD���1X�WH�LQWHUHVHD]D�SUHD�PXOW�GDFD�HVWL�UDQLW��SHQWUX�FD�YHL�JDVL�FX�VLJXUDQWD�R�VIHUD�DOEDVWUD���6DUL�FX�UHSH]LFLXQH�vQ�VSDWHOH�IRWROLXOXL�VL�FDXWL�SXVFD�GH�YkQDWRDUH��GDFD�vWL�DX]L�FkLQHOH�XUOkQG���(IHFWXH]L�VDULWXUL�ODWHUDOH�SULQ�ORFXLQWD���0HUJkQG�SULQWU�XQ�FRULGRU�FHUFHWH]L�SHUHWLL�VD�JDVHVWL�XVLOH�VHFUHWH���&DXWL�GUXMED�GDFD�VRWLD�WD�VFRDWH�VXQHWH�FLXGDWH�SH�PRWLY�FD�H�UDFLWD���ÌPSXVWL�OD�VHUYLFL�WRDWH�FRVXULOH�GH�KkUWLL���3ULQ�FDVD�WH�DVFXQ]L�vQWRWGHDXQD�GXSD�FROWXUL�VL�DUXQFL�R�SULYLUH�vQ�RULFH�vQFDSHUH�vQDLQWH�GH�D�LQWUD�vQ�HD���6DUL�IDUD�PRWLY�GH�SH�FODGLUL�vQDOWH�VL�HVWL�GH�SDUHUH�FD�QX�VH�YD�vQWkPSOD�QLPLF���6SDUJL�RULFH�IHUHDVWUD�SH�FDUH�R�YH]L�SH�PRWLY�FD�DUDWD�XUkW���7H�PLQXQH]L�FD�VH�SRW��WRWXVL��FRQVWUXL�FDVH�FX�PDL�PXOWH�HWDMH�VDX�FX�DFRSHULVXO�vQ�SDQWD���

Page 170: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

7H�LQWHUHVHD]D�DUPHOH�GH�IRF�VL�FDXWL�GLVSHUDW�GXSD�XQ�%)*�������ÌWL�PRGLILFL�XVLOH�GLQ�ORFXLQWD�VD�VH�GHVFKLGD�SH�YHUWLFDOD���&UH]L�FRQYLQV�FD�SRWL�WUHFH�SULQ�]LGXUL���(VWL�IHUP�FRQYLQV�FD�ODPSD�GLQ�GRUPLWRU�QX�IDFH�XQ�FRQWDFW�VL�GH�DFHHD�VH�DSULQGH�VL�VH�VWLQJH�OD�LQWHUYDOH�UHJXODWH���ÌWL�DUXQFL�SLVLFD�vQDLQWH�WD�vQ�SLVFLQD�VD�IL�WRWXVL�VLJXU�FD�QX�H�XPSOXWD�FX�JXQRL�UDGLRDFWLY���ÌWL�FHUFHWH]L�FDGD�GLQ�EDLH�VD�WH�FRQYLQJL�GDFD�FRQWLQH�DSD�VDX�RWUDYD���ÌWL�GRUHVWL�VD�DL�R�GUXMED�OD�WLQH��QXPDL�DVD�SHQWUX�RULFH�HYHQWXDOLWDWH���ÌWL�FXPSHUL�XQ�FRVWXP�GH�SURWHFWLH�FX�RFKHODUL�LQIUDURVLL��WRW�SHQWUX�RULFH�HYHQWXDOLWDWH���ÌQ�OLEUDULH�FDXWL�VL�UDVIRLHVWL�QXPDL�FDUWL�FX��KLQW��XUL�SHQWUX�'RRP���ÌQ�VLWXDWLL�SHULFXORDVH�VWULJL��,''4'�������������(VWL�GH�SDUHUH�FD�QX�SRWL�XUFD�WUHSWH�PDL�vQDOWH�GH����FP���ÌWL�FRQIXQ]L�SURIXO�GH�PDWH�FX�XQ�F\EHUGHPRQ�VL�vQFHUFL�FX�DMXWRUXO�SXVWLL�GH�YkQDWRDUH�VD�L�SURLHFWH]L�FUHLHULL�SH�SHUHWL���ÌQ�ORFXO�FKHLORU��vWL�FXPSHUL�SHQWUX�XVD�ORFXLQWHL�FDUWHOH��.H\FDUGV��URVLL�VDX�DOEDVWUH���0kQFDUHD�QX�WL�R�PDL�vQFDO]HVWL�SH�DUDJD]�FL�FX�DUXQFDWRUXO�GH�IODFDUL���ÌWL�FXPSHUL�R�MDFKHWD�OXFLRDVD�GH�FXORDUH�DOEDVWUD���0HUJkQG�SULQ�RUDVXO�QDWDO��HVWL�VLJXU�FD�QX�DL�PDL�IRVW�QLFLRGDWD�SH�DLFL�SH�PRWLY�FD�QX�YH]L�QLFL�XQ�FDGDYUX�vPSUHMXU���ÌWL�FRORUH]L�SDUWHD�GH�MRV�D�PRQLWRUXOXL�vQ�FXORUL�YLL���6L�DFXP�R�VHULH�GH�'220�60,/,(6�&���������&\EHUGDHPRQ>@_ ����&KDLQVDZ>@��������&KDLQJXQ>�@����� +HDOW�3DFN�?��?�����6SLGHUPDVWHUPLQG R����� � 5RFNHWOXQFKHU2�QRXD�YHUVLXQH�:LQGRZ]��'RRUV���)LUPD�0LFUR�RIW�LQWHQWLRQHD]D�FD�vQ�DFHVW�DQ�VD�ODQVH]H�R�QRXD�YHUVLXQH�:LQGRZ]��QXPLWD�'RRUV�¶����3ULQFLSDOHOH�LQRYDWLLDGXVH�GH�DFHDVWD�QRXD�YHUVLXQH�VXQW�XUPDWRDUHOH���)HUHVWUHOH�YRU�IL�vQFKLVH�HWDQV�� vQ�VFKLPE�YRU�H[LVWD�XVL��OXFUX�PXOW�PDL�QDWXUDO�� WUHEXLH�VD�UHFXQRDVWHWL��SHQWUX� LQWUDUH�VLSHQWUX�LHVLUH��5HPDUFD��SHQWUX�D�GHVFKLGH�R�XVD��VH�YD�IDFH�FOLFN�SH�JDXUD�FKHLL��GDFD�DFHDVWD�H[LVWD��'DFD�QX��YD�WUHEXL�VDUHVWDUWDWL�FDOFXODWRUXO���+DUG�GLVN�XO�YD�IL�JHVWLRQDW�GH�WULSOHVSDFH�ELQ��$FHVWD�HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�IRDUWH�VRILVWLFDW��FDUH�vQ�PRG�QRUPDO�QX�WUHEXLH�VDRFXSH�PDL�PXOW�VSDWLX�GHFkW�FDSDFLWDWHD�WRWDOD�D�KDUG�GLVN�XOXL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��'DFD��WRWXVL��DFHVW�OXFUX�VH�YD�vQWkPSOD��YDWUHEXL�VD�VFKLPEDWL�KDUG�GLVN�XO�FX�XQXO�PDL�PDUH�VDX�vQWUHJ�FDOFXODWRUXO���6H�UHFRPDQGD�0LFURVRIW�3HQWLXP�,QVLGH�VSHFLDO�$�VH�YHGHD�PDL�MRV�FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH����1RXO�SURJUDP�SRDWH�OXFUD�vQ���PRGXUL������ELWL��vQ�FXUV�GH�WHVWDUH����[���ELWL��VDIH�PRGH��VL��[��ELWL��GHEXJ�PRGH�FDUH�YDSHUPLWH�VD�XUPDULWL�SDV�FX�SDV�UXODUHD�SURJUDPHORU�FX�XQ�FDOFXODWRU�GH�ELURX�vQ�PkQD��SHQWUX�D�GHWHFWD�HYHQWXDOHOH�HURUL����1X�YHWL�PDL�DYHD�QHYRLH�VD�UHLQVWDODWL�:LQGRZ]�XO��UHLQVWDODUHD�VH�YD�IDFH�DXWRPDW�GLQ�[[[�vQ�[[[�]LOH��[[[ vQWUH���VL��FRQILJXUDELO�128�&20387(58/�0,&52�2)7�,17(/�,16,'(�63(&,$/���3OXJ�DQG�3OD\�� YHWL� SXWHD� FRQHFWD� RULFH� IHO� GH� DSDUDW� OD� FRPSXWHUXO� GYV�� SDJXEHOH� YRU� IL� VXSRUWDWH� GH� VRFLHWDWHD� GHDVLJXUDUL���3H�VXSUDIDWD�KDUG�GLVN�XOXL�YHWL�JDVL�DPSUHQWHOH�GLJLWDOH�DOH�OXL�%LOO�*DWHV��GLVF�GH�FROHFWLH����7DVWDWXUD� YD� IL� HFKLSDWD� FX� �� WDVWH� VXSOLPHQWDUH�� FX� IXQFWLRQDOLWDWL� VSHFLDOH� �� 5(67$57 �� $0� =,6� 5(67$57 � VL &+(0$7,�6$/9$5($ �'XPQH]HX�FD�SURJUDPDWRU6L�FkWRU�vQWUHEDUL�WHRORJLFH�FDUH�QH�FKLQXLH�QX�OL�V�DU�UDVSXQGH�FRUHFW�GDFD�QH�DP�JkQGL�OD�'XPQH]HX�FD�OD�XQ�SURJUDPDWRU������&RQWUROHD]D�'XPQH]HX�WRW�FH�PL�VH�vQWkPSOD�vQ�DIXULVLWD�DVWD�GH�YLDWD"$U�SXWHD����GDFD�DU�IRORVL�XQ�GHEXJJHU��GDU�H�DVD�SOLFWLFRV�VD�YHULILFL�WRW�FH�VH�SHWUHFH�FX�WRDWH�YDULDELOHOH�DOHD���

Page 171: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���'H�FH�GD�YRLH�'XPQH]HX�UDXOXL�VD�VH�SHWUHDFD")LLQGFD�D�FUH]XW�FD�O�D�HOLPLQDW�GH�OD�YHUVLXQHD�vQWkL����6WLH�RDUH�'XPQH]HX�WRWXO",L�SODFH�VD�FUHDGD�DVWD��GDU�H�DGHVHD�VXUSULQV�GH�FH�SRDWH�GHVFRSHUL�HFKLSD�GH�WHVWDUH����&H�O�IDFH�WRWXVL�VD�LQWHUYLQD�vQ�WUHEXULOH�SDPkQWHQLORU"'DFD�VH�SURGXFH�R�HURDUH�FULWLFD�VLVWHPXO�vO�VXQD�SH�PRELO�DXWRPDW�VL�(O�VH�ORJKHD]D�GH�DFDVD�vQFHUFkQG�V�R�UHSDUH��'DFD�QXUHXVHVWH��DWXQFL�OXFUXULOH�SRW�DVWHSWD�VL�SkQD�PkLQH�GLPLQHDWD����&KLDU�D�IDFXW�'XPQH]HX�OXPHD�vQ�VDSWH�]LOH"0GD��GH�IDSW�VDSWH�]LOH�VL�VDSWH�QRSWL��SH�FkQG�WUDLD�FX�DFDGHOH�VL�FRFD�FROD��,QWU�D�VDSWHD�V�D�GXV�DFDVD�VL�VL�D�GDW�VHDPD�FD�OODVDVHQHYDVWD����&XP�GH�V�D�GXV�YUHPHD�PLUDFROHORU"$LD�HUD�ID]D�GH�GH]YROWDUH��$FXP�H�ID]D�GH�vQWUHWLQHUH����&LQH�H�6DWDQ"6DWDQ�H�VHIXO�GH�GHSDUWDPHQW�FDUH�FUHGH�FD�DUH�PDL�PXOWD�SXWHUH�GHFkW�GH�IDSW�GHWLQH�DVD�FD�WRWL�FHL�FH�QX�VXQW�SURJUDPDWRULOH�H�JURD]QLF�GH�IULFD�GH�HO��'XPQH]HX�vO�FRQVLGHUD�DJDVDQW��GDU�OLSVLW�GH�UHOHYDQWD����&DUH�H�UROXO�SDFDWRVLORU"3DFDWRVLL�VXQW�RDPHQL�FDUH�JDVHVF�WRW�WLPSXO�PHWRGH�GH�D�DLXUL�VLVWHPXO�GHVL�'XPQH]HX�O�D�JkQGLW�UH]LVWHQW�OD�LGLRWHQLDRPHQHDVFD����8QGH�PHUJHP�GXSD�FH�PXULP"3H�XQ�'9'�GH�EDFNXS�����1H�YRP�UHvQFDUQD"1X��GDFD�QX�VH�YD�LYL�R�QHYRLH�GHRVHELWD�GH�D�YD�UHFUHHD��6L�FXP�FDXWDWXO�SULQ�ILVLHUHOH�EDFNXS�HVWH�XQD�GLQWUH�FHOH�PDL�WULVWHVDUFLQL��FKLDU�GH�VH�YD�LYL�QHYRLD��'XPQH]HX�PDL�PXOW�FD�VLJXU�YD�VSXQH�FD�'9'�XO�V�D�VWHUV�GLQ�JUHVHDOD�����6XQW�RDUH�XQLF�VL�VSHFLDO�vQ�DFHVW�XQLYHUV"([LVWD�SHVWH��������GH�FRPSDQLL�FDUH�UXOHD]D�FRSLL�LGHQWLFH�DOH�WDOH�vQ�YHUVLXQHD�DFHDVWD�����&DUH�H�VFRSXO�XQLYHUVXOXL"'XPQH]HX�O�D�FUHDW�FX�HOHJDQWD�VL�VLPSOLWDWH��GDU�SH�XUPD�XWLOL]DWRUL�OLSVLWL�GH�WDFW�L�DX�FHUXW�VD�DGDXJH�R�VHULH�GH�IXQFWLLLGLRDWH�IDFkQGX�O�PDL�FRPSOLFDW�Vv�PDL�VFXPS�FD�RULFkQG�����'DFD�PD�URJ��'XPQH]HX�R�VD�PD�DXGD"3RWL�VD�QFHUFL�VD�L�SLHU]L�WLPSXO�VSXQkQGX�L�FH�VD�IDFD��GDU�PDL�ELQH�vO�ODVL�VD�SURJUDPH]H�FXP�FUHGH�GH�FXYLLQWD�����&DUH�HVWH�UHOLJLD�FHD�DGHYDUDWD"7RDWH�VLVWHPHOH�DX�DYDQWDMH�VL�GH]DYDQWDMH�DVD�FD�DOHJH�O�SH�FHO�FDUH�vWL�VDWLVIDFH�PDL�PXOWH�QHYRL�VL�QX�WH�ODVD�FRQYHUWLW�����&XP�VD�PD�IHUHVF�GH�UDX"6FKLPED�WL�SDUROD�vQ�ILHFDUH�OXQD�VL�QX�WL�SXQH�SDUROD�XQ�QXPH�SURSULX��XQ�FXYkQG�GH�X]�FXUHQW�VDX�R�GDWD��FXP�DU�IL�]LXD�WDGH�QDVWHUH�����8QLL�RDPHQL�SUHWLQG�FD�/�SRW�DX]L�SH�'XPQH]HX��(�DGHYDUDW"(�PXOW�PDL�SUREDELO�VD�SULPHDVFD�H�PDLO��8QLL�RDPHQL�VSXQ�FD�'XPQH]HX�H�LXELUH�����$ERUW��5HWU\��)DLO"$VWD�QX�H�R�vQWUHEDUH��5HIRUPXODWL�YD�SUREOHPD�0RWLYH�SHQWUX�FDUH�FRPSXWHUXO�DU�WUHEXL�VD�ILH�GH�JHQXO�IHPLQLQ'H�vQGDWD�FH�DL�XQXO��DOWXO�VL�PDL�EXQ�HVWH�GXSD�FROW1LPHQL�vQ�DIDUD�GH�FHO�FDUH�OH�D�FUHDW�QX�OH�vQWHOHJH�OLPEDMXO

Page 172: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

&KLDU�VL�FHOH�PDL�PLFL�JUHVHOL�VXQW�PHPRUDWH�SHQWUX�UHIHULQWH�YLLWRDUH/LPEDMXO��QDWLY��IRORVLW�SHQWUX�D�FRPXQLFD�FX�FHOHODOWH�FDOFXODWRDUH�UDPkQH�QHLQWHOLJLELO�SHQWUX�RULFLQH�DOWFLQHYD0HVDMXO��EDG�FRPPDQG�RU�ILOHQDPH��HVWH�FHYD�GH�JHQXO��'DFD�QX�VWLL�GH�FH�VXQW�VXSDUDWD�SH�WLQH��DWXQFL�IL�VLJXU�FD�QLFL�Q�RVD�WL�VSXQ��,PHGLDW�FH�WL�DL�OXDW�XQXO�REVHUYL�FD�MXPD�GLQ�VDODULX�GLVSDUH�SH�DFFHVRULL�SHQWUX�HO�3HQWUX�D�OH�IDFH�DWHQWH�WUHEXLH�VD�OH�SRUQHVWL$UDWD�IRDUWH�ELQH�SkQD�vO�DGXFL�DFDVD$X�R�PXOWLPH�GH�GDWH�GDU�QX�VWLX�FH�VD�vQFHDSD�FX�HOH2�VXUVD�GH�FXUHQW�SUHD�SXWHUQLFD�OD�SRDWH�GH]DFWLYD�SHQWUX�PDL�PXOW�WLPS8Q�FRPSXWHU�SRDWH�IL�LXELW�FX�DGHYDUDW'H�FH�FRPSXWHUHOH�VXQW�PDL�EXQH�GHFkW�IHPHLOH���&RPSXWHUHOH�VXQW�PDL�IUXPRDVH�GHFkW�IHPHLOH&RPSXWHUHOH�VXQW�PDL�LQWHOLJHQWH�GHFkW�IHPHLOH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�VXQW�JHORDVH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�DX�VRWL�DVFXOWDWRUL�VL�VXSXVL&RPSXWHUHOH�VXQW�UDWLRQDOH&RPSXWHUHOH�VXQW�SULHWHQRDVH&RPSXWHUHOH�VXQW�vQWRWGHDXQD�SULHWHQRDVH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�FLFDOHVF�WRW�WLPSXO&RPSXWHUHOH�DVWHDSWD�OLQLVWLWH��,QSXW��XO&RPSXWHUHOH�DX�XQ�vQWUHUXSDWRU�GH�FXUHQW�VL�R�WDVWD��5HVHW�&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�DX�QLPLF�vPSRWULYD�VD�ILH�OHJDWH�vQWUH�HOH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�YRU�VD�VH�FDVDWRUHDVFD&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�IDF�FRSLL&RPSXWHUHOH�vQYHFKLWH�OH�SRWL�DUXQFD�VDX�IDFH�FDGRX&RPSXWHUH�VH�SRW�YLQGH�VDX�vQFKLULD&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�DX�]L�GH�QDVWHUH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�WH�GHUDQMHD]D�FkQG�HVWL�OD�WHOHYL]RU�VDX�FkQG�FLWHVWL&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�DX�PLJUHQH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�LQWUD�vQ�SDQLFD�GDFD�QX�VXQW�IRORVLWH�XQ�WLPS�PDL�OXQJ�GH�R�VDSWDPkQD&RPSXWHUHOH�WH�ODVD�VD�EHL�FkW�YUHL�GH�PXOW&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�DX�QHYRLH�SHUPDQHQW�GH�R�FXWLH�QRXD&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�DVFXOWD�WHOHIRDQHOH�WDOH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�vWL�FRQWUROHD]D�FRUHVSRQGHQWD&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�vWL�FDXWD�SULQ�OXFUXULOH�SHUVRQDOH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�YRU�VD�VWLH�GH�FH�vWL�WUHEXLH�SUH]HUYDWLYH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�YRU�VD�VWLH�GH�XQGH�DX�DSDUXW�ILUH�GH�SDU�EORQGH�SH�KDLQHOH�WDOH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�YRU�VD�VWLH�FLQH�D�ODVDW�XUPH�GH�UXM�SH�FHDVFD�GLQ�FKLXYHWD&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�vQWUHDED�XQGH�DL�VWDW�DWkWD&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�vQWUHDED�GH�FH�QX�DL�UDVSXQV�OD�WHOHIRQ&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�SRW�PLURVL�XQ�SDUIXP�VWUDLQ&RPSXWHUHOH�SRW�VD�MRDFH�ELQH�VL�IRDUWH�ELQH�VDK&RPSXWHUHOH�SRW�DFFHSWD�IDSWXO�FD�VWDL�IDUD�VD�IDFL�QLPLF&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�vWL�vPSDWXUHVF�]LDUXO�IDUD�FDS�VL�FRDGD&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�vWL�PkQMHVF�QRXD�FDPDVD�DOED�FX�UXM��SXGUD�VDX�WXV�GH�JHQH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�VXQW�GDXQDWRDUH�PHGLXOXL&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�SDWHD]D�OXFUXULOH�FX�RMD&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�VSXQ�FKHVWLL�QHPRWLYDWH�VL�OLSVLWH�GH�VHQV&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�FRQWUD]LF&RPSXWHUHOH�IDF�FHHD�FH�OH�VSXL&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�SOHDFD�OD�vQWkOQLUL�FX�DOWH�FRPSXWHUH&RPSXWHUHOH�VWLX�FD�QX�SRW�MXFD�IRWEDO�VL�GH�DFHHD�QLFL�QX�YRU�VD�YLQD�FX�WLQH�OD�VWDGLRQ&RPSXWHUHOH�vVL�GDX�VHDPD�FD�QX�SRW�FRQGXFH�DXWRPRELOH&RPSXWHUHOH�vQYDWD�XVRU&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�YRUEHVF�WRW�WLPSXO�GH�HPDQFLSDUH�VL�HJDOLWDWH�YUkQG�VD�VSXQD�SULQ�DVWD�FD�PDL�GRUHVF�R�FLRFRODWD�GLQ�FDPDUD&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�vWL�VWULFD�FROHFWLD�GH�SODFL&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�VSDUJ�YHVHOD�GH�SRUWHODQ&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�DUXQFD�OD�JXQRL�OXFUXUL�LPSRUWDQWH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�VXVWLQ�FD�WLJDULOH�VL�IXPXO�ORU�PLURDVH

Page 173: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�VXQW�GHUDQMDWH�GH�IHUHVWUH�PXUGDUH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�VXQW�GHUDQMDWH�GH�SHUGHOHOH�vQJDOEHQLWH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�VXQW�GHUDQMDWH�GH�VFUXPLHUH�SOLQH&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�YRU�IL�GHUDQMDWH�GH�SDQWRILL�WDL�X]DWL&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�YRU�IL�GHUDQMDWH�GH�EOXJLL�WDL�X]DWL�VL�WDLDWL�OD�JHQXQFKL&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�YRU�VD�SULPHDVFD�IRORUL&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�vVL�GRUHVF�KDLQH�GH�EODQD&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�vVL�GRUHVF�JHQWL�GH�SLHOH�GH�FURFRGLO&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�VXQW�RIHQVDWH�GDFD�OH�SLSDL&RPSXWHUHOH�VWLX�H[DFW�FH�SRW�VL�FH�QX�SRW�LDU�OXFUXUL�FH�QX�OH�SRW�IDFH�QX�vQFHDUFD�VD�OH�IDFD&RPSXWHUHOH�UHDOL]HD]D�FD�RSHUDWRUXO�H�PDL�GHVWHSW�GHFkW�HOH&RPSXWHUHOH�VWLX�FD�QXPDL�RSHUDWRUXO�VL�WDVWD��5HVHW��VWD�vQWUH�HOH�VL�'XPQH]HX&RPSXWHUHOH�QX�VXQW�GLQ�FDX]D�DILUPDWLHL�XUPDWRDUH�QLFL�RIHQVDWH�VL�QLFL�QX�VH�vQFKLG�vQ�VLQH�&RPSXWHUHOH�DX�QXPDL��180$,��R�JUHVHDOD��18�/(�327,�) (���(VWL�XQ�1HW�-XQNLH�DWXQFL�FkQG�����'DFD�DWXQFL�FkQG�SULPHVWL�PHVDMXO�FD�QX�PDL�DL�SRVWD�H�PDLO�PDL�YHULILFL�R�GDWD�DFHVW�OXFUX��'DFD�WUH]LQGX�WH�OD�RUD���QRDSWHD��SH�GUXPXO�GH�OD�EDLH�vQ�SDW��FRQWUROH]L�GDFD�QX�DL�PDL�SULPLW�(�PDLOXUL���'DFD�DL�XQ�WDWXDM�SH�FDUH�VFULH��$FHVW�FRUS�VH�YHGH�FHO�PDL�ELQH�FX�1HWVFDSH�����VDX�R�YHUVLXQH�PDL�QRXD�����&kQG�FRSLL�WDL�VH�QXPHVF�(XGRUD��0R]]LOD��+RPHU��'RWFRP�VDX�3HJDV�����'DFD�UHIX]L�R�YDFDQWD�IDUD�HOHFWULFLWDWH�VL�OLQLL�WHOHIRQLFH��'DFD�R�DFFHSWL�WRWXVL��FXPSDULQG�XQ�FHOXODU�VL�XQ�ODSWRS��'DFD�FDODWRULQG��SH�WLPSXO�FDODWRULHL�SH�JHQXQFKL�WDL�VWD�ODSWRSXO�vQ�WLPS�FH�FRSLOXO�WDX�VWD�OD�EDJDMH�����'DFD�VWXGLH]L�GRL�VDX�WUHL�DQL�PDL�PXOW�SH�PRWLY�FD�OD�IDFXOWDWH�DL�DFFHV�JUDWXLW�OD�QHW�VL�HPDLO�����'DFD�]JRPRWXO�SURGXV�GH�PRGHP�H�FD�VXQHWXO�SURGXV�GH�RFHDQXO�SH�FDUH�QDYLJKH]L������&kQG�Uk]L�GH�FHL�FDUH�DX�XQ PRGHP�GH�������ESV�VDX�PDL�VODE������'DFD�VFULLQGX�WL�FRUHVSRQGHQWD�FODVLFD�XWLOL]H]L�6PLOH\V���������'DFD�SHQWUX�D�UkGH�vWL�vQWRUFL�FDSXO�vQWU�R�SDUWH���������'DFD�UDVSXQ]L�SURPS�OD�FRUHVSRQGHQWD�(�0DLO�GDU�QLFLRGDWD�OD�FHD�FODVLFD������'DFD�ILLQG�vQWUHEDW�GH�DGUHVD��vWL�GDL�DGUHVD�(�0DLO������'DFD�vWL�WULPLWL�VLQJXU�(�0DLO�XUL�SHQWUX�D�WL�DPLQWL�GLIHULWH�OXFUXUL������'DFD�GHYLL�GHSUHVLY�DWXQFL�FkQG�WL�DL�WHUPLQDW�GH�VFULV�PDLOXULOH�vQ�PDL�SXWLQ�GH�GRXD�RUH�����'DFD�WLPS�GH�GRXD�RUH�GXSD�FH�WL�D�SLFDW�FRPSXWHUXO��FDXWL�QXPDUXO�PRGHPXOXL�SURYLGHU�XOXL�WDX��vO�IRUPH]L��vQFHUFkQGVD�IDFL�R�OHJDWXUD�GLUHFWD�FX�DFHVWD���VL�UHXVHVWL�DFHVW�OXFUX������'DFD�VFULLQG�WH[WH��GXSD�ILHFDUH�SXQFW�VFULL��FRP�������'DFD�QXPHVWLL�GUXPXO�VSUH�:&��GRZQORDG�������'DFD�WH�SUH]LQWL�FX��:�:�:�QXPH�SXQFW�SUHQXPH�SXQFW�UR������'DFD�vWL�FXPSHUL�XQ�VFDXQ�GH�ELURX�WLS��&DSLWDQXO�.LUN��FX�PRXVH�VL�WDVWDWXUD�LQWHJUDWD������'DFD�SULHWHQLL�WDL�DX�XQ��#��vQ�QXPHOH�GH�IDPLOLH������'DFD�FkLQHOH�WDX�DUH�SURSULD�+RPHSDJH������'DFD�vWL�DMXWL�FkLQHOH�VD�UDVSXQGD�OD�H�PDLO�XUL������'DFD�WRWXVL�SURSULXO�FkLQH�WH�SDUDVHVWH������6DX�GDFD�vQFHSH�VD�PLURDVH��D�KRLW��vQ�FDVD��GLQ�FDX]D�FD�SURSULXO�FkLQH�D�PXULW�GH�IRDPH������'DFD�QX�WHOHIRQH]L�FX�SURSULD�WL�PDPD�SH�PRWLY�FD�QX�DUH�PRGHP������'DFD�QX�VWLL�GH�FH�VH[�H�SULHWHQXO�WDX�FHO�PDL�EXQ�SH�PRWLY�FD�DOLDV�XO�VDX�H�QHXWUX�VL�QX�WL�D�YHQLW�SkQD�DFXP�LGHHD�VD�OvQWUHEL�DVWD������'DFD�vWL�LPSORUL�SULHWHQLL�VD�VL�IDFD�XQ�FRQW�FD��VD�LHVLP�vQ�RUDV�������'DFD�WD[LPHWULVWXOXL�FDUH�WH�GXFH�DFDVD�vL�VSXL�DGUHVD�WD��KWWS���EXOHYDUGXOPXQFLL���EORFYHUGH�KWPO�����'DFD� LHVL� GLQ�FDPHUD� VL� REVHUYL� FD�SDULQWLL� WDL� V�DX�PXWDW� GLQ� DSDUWDPHQW�� VL� QLFL�PDFDU� KDEDU� Q�DL� FkQG� V�D� vQWkPSODWDVWD������'DFD�DL�WHUPLQDW�WRDWH�OLQN�XULOH�GH�OD�<DKRR�VL�HVWL�SH�OD�MXPDWDWHD�OXL�/\FRV������'DFD�GLUHFWRUXO��)DYRULWHV��VH�vQFDUFD�vQ����PLQXWH������'DFD�DL�QHYRLH�GH����PLQXWH�VD�DMXQJL�OD�FDSDWXO�ILVLHUXOXL�WDX�FX�ERRNPDUNV������'DFD�DL�FRQHFWDW�DPSOLILFDWRUXO�OD�FDOFXODWRU�FD�VD�DX]L�FkQG�YLQH�YUHXQ�H�PDLO������'DFD�FRVPDUXULOH�WDOH�VXQW�vQ�JLI�MSJ�VDX�KWPO������'DFD�VFRWL�PRGHPXO�GLQ�IXQFWLXQH�VL�DL�LPSUHVLD�FD�XQ�SULHWHQ�WL�D�vQFHWDW�GLQ�YLDWD������'DFD�LQLPD�vWL�EDWH�PDL�SXWHUQLF�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�OD�WHOHYL]RU�HVWH�SUH]HQWDWD�R�QRXD�DGUHVD�ZZZ������'DFD�LXELWD�YLUWXDOD�WH�D�SDUDVLW�SHQWUX�XQ�WLS�FX�XQ� PRGHP�PDL�UDSLG������'DFD�vQWUHEL�LQVWDODWRUXO�FkW�WH�DU�FRVWD�VD�VFKLPEL�VFDXQXO�GH�OD�FDOFXODWRU�FX�XQXO�GH�WRDOHWD���

Page 174: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���'DFD�FkQG�vWL�SULYHVWL�+RPHSDJH�XO�SOLQ�FX�OLQN�XUL�WRDWH�DFHVWHD�DX�FXORDUHD�OLOD���'DFD�QRWD�WD�GH�SODWD�OD�5RPWHOHFRP�H�OD�IHO�GH�JUHD�FD�R�FDUDPLGD�VL�YLQH�vQWU�XQ�FROHW������'DFD�vWL�VFULL�WHPHOH�VL�SURLHFWHOH�vQ��KWPO��VL�vL�GDL�SURIXOXL��XUO��XO�SHQWUX�D�OH�FRUHFWD������'DFD�FXPSHUL�VRWLHL�XQ�FDOFXODWRU�VL�XQ�PRGHP�FD�VD�VWDWL�OD�WDLIDV������'DFD�YLL� vQ� vQWkPSLQDUHD�VHVL]DULL�SULHWHQHL� WDOH��FDUH�VH�SOkQJH�GH� OLSVD�GH�FRPXQLFDUH��FXPSDUkQGX�L�XQ�FRPSXWHU� FXPRGHP������'DFD�OH�VSXL�SURSULLORU�FRSLL�FD�QX�DX�YRLH�OD�FRPSXWHU�SH�PRWLY�FD��WDWD�DUH�GH�OXFUX��FKLDU�GDFD�WDWD�H�VRPHU������'DFD�SULHWHQD�WD�SXQH�PRQLWRUXOXL�R�SHUXFD�EORQGD�VD�WL�DPLQWHDVFD�FXP�DUDWD������'DFD�WH�FXOFL�FX�DPDQWD�VL�WL�H�WHDPD�VD�QX�L�VWLH�VRWXO�SDUROD������'DFD�DMXQJL�vQ�SDW�VL�QX�PDL�WLL�PLQWH�GDFD�DL�IRVW�VDX�QX�FDVDWRULW������'DFD�VRWLD�WD�vWL�VSXQH�FD�QRXD�HL�IUL]XUD�R�DUH�GH���OXQL�GH�]LOH������'DFD�VRWLD�vWL�LPSXQH�R�QRXD�UHJXOD���&RPSXWHUXO�QX�DUH�YRLH�vQ�SDW�����'DFD�FRPSXWHUXO�WDX�H�PDL�VFXPS�GHFkW�SURSULX�WL�DXWRPRELO������'DFD�WH�PLQXQH]L�FD�VXUIXO�VH�SRDWH�SUDFWLFD�VL�vQ�DSD������'DFD�vWL�FXPSHUL�XQ�ODSWRS�SHQWUX�D�SXWHD�IL�RQOLQH�FKLDU�VL�SH�:&������'DFD�vWL�SHWUHFL�QRDSWLOH�SHQWUX�D�WL�DGXFH�FRXQWHUXO�GH�SH�SURSULD�KRPHSDJH�OD�FLIUD�GH�����������'DFD�vQFHSL�VD�YRWH]L��RQOLQH��GLQ�JUHVHDOD��SHQWUX�SROLWLFLHQL�GLQ�DOWH�WDUL������'HYLL�YHVWLW�FD�QX�H�QLPHQL��vQ�RUDV��PDL�UDSLG�FD�WLQH�OD�H[HFXWDUHD�GXEOXFOLFN�XOXL������'DFD�WH�FRQFHQWUH]L�LQWHQV�FH�DL�PDL�SXWHD�VD�FDXWL�vQ�,QWHUQHW������ÌWL�PLQWL�SULHWHQD�FkQG�WH�vQWUHDED�FkW�DL�VWDW�vQ�]LXD�SUHFHGHQWD�RQOLQH������'DFD�WH�XLW�SH��ZZZ�YUHPHD�UR��VD�YH]L�FXP�H�WLPSXO�vQ�ORF�VD�WH�XLWL�SH�IHUHDVWUD������'DFD�SULHWHQD�WD�YLUWXDOD�WH�SDUDVHVWH�SHQWUX�XQ�WLS�FX�R�OHJDWXUD�PDL�UDSLGD������'DFD�XOWLPD�WD�SULHWHQD�D�IRVW�GRDU�R�LPDJLQH��-3(*�������'DFD�HVWL�DWkW�GH�H[SHULPHQW�vQ�DOH�:::�XOXL�vQFkW�QX�PDL�DL�QHYRLH�GH�PDVLQL�GH�FDXWDUH����'DFD�WLSLL�GH�OD�$OWDYLVWD�vWL�FHU�VIDWXO�vQ�FHHD�FH�DU�PDL�SXWHD�vPEXQDWDWLL�OD�SURSULD�PDVLQD�GH�FDXWDUH������'DFD�SURYLGHUXO�WDX�HVWH�DWkW�GH�EXQ�vQFkW�QX�VXQD�QLFLRGDWD�RFXSDW��VL�DVWD�GLQ�FDX]D�FD�WH�DIOLL�WRW�WLPSXO�RQOLQH������'DFD�SURYLGHUXO�WDX�vWL�FHUH�VIDWXO�vQ�SUREOHPH�WHKQLFH������'DFD�WH�DVH]L�VHDUD�OD�FRPSXWHU�VL�vWL�GDL�VHDPD��PLQXQkQGX�WH��FD�vQ�VFXUW�WLPS�FRSLL�WDL�WUHEXLH�VD�PHDUJD�OD�VFRDOD������'DFD�WRWL�SULHWHQLL�WDL�VXQW��+$<(6��FRPSDWLELOL���'DFD�WH�DL�RELVQXLW�VD�EHL�FDIHDXD�UHFH������'DFD�DYRFDWXO�VRWLHL�WDOH�vWL�WULPLWH�DFWHOH�GH�GLYRUW�SULQ�(�0DLO������'DFD�SURPLWL�vQWU�XQ�FD�PDL�UDPkL�GRDU�XQ�VIHUW�GH�RUD�RQOLQH��VL�DVWD�VSXL�GLQ�RUD�vQ�RUD������'DFD�JDVHVWL�FD�vQ�,QWHUQHW�H�PDL�ELQH�GHFkW�FD�VD�IDFL�VH[�VL�vWL�DWkUQL�R�RJOLQGD�LPHQVD�GHDVXSUD�3&�XOXL������'DFD�SRYHVWHVWL�SULHWHQLORU�GHVSUH�R�vQWkOQLUH��ILUELQWH���GDU�XLWL�VD�OH�VSXL�FD�DFHDVWD�D�DYXW�ORF�vQWU�XQ��FKDW�URRP�������'DFD�DIODW�OD�OXPLQD�]LOH�FDXWL�EXWRQXO�SHQWUX�OXPLQR]LWDWH�VSUH�D�R�UHJOD������'DFD�VDUXWL�KRPHSDJH�XO�SULHWHQHL�WDOH������'DFD�vWL�vQWkOQHVWL�SULHWHQLL�GH�EORF�GRDU�vQ�FKDW�URRPV������'DFD�SH�RFKHODULL�WDL�V�D�LPSULPDW�LPDJLQHD�XQHL�SDJLQL�GH�ZHE������'DFD�SULHWHQD�WD�WL�VH�SDUH�R�VWUDLQD�vQ�FRPSDUDWLH�FX�SURYLGHUXO�WDX������'DFD�LQWHUHVXO�WDX�SHQWUX�DOWH�SHUVRDQH�VH�UH]XPD�GRDU�OD�DGUHVD�ORU�GH�HPDLO������'DFD�VH�]YRQHVWH�FD�HVWL�vQ�VWDUH�VD�IDFL�R�OHJDWXUD�FX�SURYLGHUXO�WDX�FKLDU�VL�IDUD�PRGHP������'DFD�GXSD�FH�FLQHYD�D�SRYHVWLW�XQ�EDQF�EXQ�vQ�ORF�VD�Uk]L�]LFL��/2/���/RXJKLQJ�2XW�/RXG�������'DFD�VRWLD�WD�vWL�WRSHVWH�WDVWDWXUD�vQ�FXSWRU������'DFD�GXUHD]D�FHO�SXWLQ�R�RUD�VD�vWL�LHL�HPDLOXULOH�GH�SH�VHUYHU������'DFD�WH�DL�RELVQXLW�FX�FDIHDXD�UHFH������'DFD�Uk]L�GH�WRDWH�FHOH�GH�PDL�VXV�UHFXQRVFkQGX�WH������'DFD�DL�FLWLW�WRDWH�DVWHD�FX�VSHUDQWD�FD�PDFDU�XQ�OXFUX�GLQ�WRDWH�DVWHD�VD�QX�WL�VH�SRWULYHDVFD���0DQXDO�SHQWUX�vQJULMLUHD�FDOFXODWRUXOXL1X�ODVD�QLFLRGDWD�GLVFKHWD�vQ�XQLWDWH��SHQWUX�FD�GDWHOH�SRW�FXUJH�GLQ�GLVFKHWD�VL�SRW�FRURGD�PHFDQLVPXO�LQWHULRU�DO�XQLWDWLL�'LVFKHWHOH�WUHEXLH�UXODWH�vQJULMLW�VL�SDVWUDWH�vQ�VXSRUWXO�SHQWUX�FUHLRDQH�'LVFKHWHOH�WUHEXLH�FXUDWDWH�VL�OXVWUXLWH�FX�FUHPD�R�GDWD�SH�VDSWDPkQD�3DUWLFXOHOH�PHWDOLFH�PLFURVFRSLFH�SRW�IL�vQGHSDUWDWH�SULQ�WUHFHUHD�UHSHWDWD�D�XQXL�PDJQHW�SXWHUQLF�SHVWH�VXSUDIDWD�GLVFKHWHL�3DUWLFXOHOH�PHWDOLFH�PDL�vQFDSDWkQDWH�SRW�IL�VFRDVH�FX�SUDI�GH�FXUDWDW�VL�GHWHUJHQW�&kQG�GDWL�FX�FUHPD�GLVFKHWHOH��DYHWL�JULMD�FD�VWUDWXO�VD�ILH�XQLIRUP��$FHVWD�YD�vQOHVQL�URWDWLD�GLVFKHWHORU�vQ�XQLWDWH��FHHD�FH�YDGXFH�OD�vPEXQDWDWLUHD�WLPSXOXL�GH�DFFHV�1X�vQGRLWL�GLVFKHWHOH��GHFkW�GDFD�QX�vQFDS�vQ�XQLWDWH��'LVFKHWHOH��PDUL��SRW�IL�vQGRLWH�VL�IRORVLWH�vQ�XQLWDWL��PLFL��1X�LQWURGXFHWL�QLFLRGDWD�GLVFKHWHOH�FX�FDSXO�vQ�MRV�vQ�XQLWDWH��'DWHOH�SRW�FDGHD�GH�SH�VXSUDIDWD�GLVFKHWHL�VL�EORFD�PHFDQLVPXOLQWHUQ�DO�XQLWDWLL�

Page 175: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

'LVFKHWHOH�QX�SRW�IL�FRSLDWH�OD�;HUR[��'DFD�GRULWL�VD�YD�FRSLDWL�GDWHOH��SXU�VL�VLPSOX�LQVHUDWL�GRXD�GLVFKHWH�vQ�XQLWDWH�GH�FkWHRUL�PRGLILFDWL�YUHXQ�GRFXPHQW��GDWHOH�YRU�IL�vQUHJLVWUDWH�SH�DPEHOH�GLVFKHWH�'LVFKHWHOH�QX�WUHEXLH�LQWURGXVH�VDX�VPXOVH�GLQ�XQLWDWH�GDFD�EHFXO�URVX�HVWH�DSULQV�'DFD� IDFHWL� DVD� FHYD�� GDWHOH� V�DU� SXWHD� GHWHULRUD� VL� GHYHQL� QHLQWHOLJLELOH�� 'DFD� OXPLQD� URVLH� QX� VH� VWLQJH� VDX� FOLSHVWHLQWHUPLWHQW��SUREDELO�YD�WUHEXL�VD�PDL�LQWURGXFHWL�FkWHYD�PRQHGH�FD�VD�SXWHWL�IRORVL�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�XQLWDWHD�GH�GLVFKHWD�'DFD�GLVFKHWD�HVWH�SOLQD�VL�PDL�DYHWL�QHYRLH�GH�VSDWLX��VFRDWHWL�R�GLQ�XQLWDWH�VL�VFXWXUDWL�R�YLJXURV�WLPS�GH�GRXD�PLQXWH�$VWIHO�GDWHOH�VH�YRU�FRPSULPD���GDWD�FRPSUHVVLRQ���VXILFLHQW�FD�VD�PDL�IDFD�ORF�VL�SHQWUX�DOWHOH��$VLJXUDWL�YD�FD�DWL�DVWXSDWvQ�SUHDODELO�WRDWH�RULILFLLOH�FX�VFRWFK��SHQWUX�D�SUHYHQL�SLHUGHUHD�GDWHORU'DFD�*HQHUDO�0RWRUV�VL�DU�IL�GH]YROWDW�WHKQRORJLD�vQ�DFHODVL�PRG�FD�0LFURVRIW/D�R�UHFHQWD�H[SR]LWLH�GH�FDOFXODWRDUH��&20'(;���%LOO�*DWHV�D�FRPSDUDW�vQ�PRG�UHSHWDW�LQVXVWULD�GH�VRIWZDUH�FX�LQGXVWULDGH�DXWRPRELOH�3ULQWUH�DOWHOH�D�IDFXW�VL�DILUPDWLD�XUPDWRDUH��'DFD�*HQHUDO�0RWRUV�DU�IL�WLQXW�SDVXO�FX�WHKQRORJLD��OD� IHO�FXP�VH�vQWDPSOD�vQ�LQGXVWULD�GH�VRIWZDUH��DVWD]L�DP�IL�FRQGXVPDVLQL�GH����GH�GRODUL�FDUH�DU�IL�FRQVXPDW�XQ�JDORQ�GH�EHQ]LQD�OD������GH�PLOH��&D�UDVSXQV��SUHVHGLQWHOH�*HQHUDO�0RWRUV��D�SXEOLFDW�R�VFULVRDUH�LQ�SUHVD��'DFD�*HQHUDO�0RWRUV� VL�DU� IL� GH]YROWDW� WHKQRORJLD� vQ� DFHODVL�PRG� FD�0LFURVRIW�� DWXQFL�PDVLQLOH� SH� FDUH� OH�DWL� IL� FRQGXVDVWD]L��DU�IL�DYXW�XUPDWRDUHOH�FDUDFWHULVWLFL����)DUD�QLFL�XQ�PRWLY��RULFH�V�DU�vQWDPSOD��PDVLQD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�VH�YD�VWULFD�GH�GRXD�RUL�SH�]L����'H�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�VH�YD�UHIDFH�PDUFDMXO�SH�DXWRVWUDGD��YD�WUHEXL�VD�FXPSDUDWL�R�QRXD�PDVLQD����'H�FvWH�RUL�V�DU�UHYRSVL�OLQLLOH�GH�GHPDUFDWLH�GH�SH�GUXPXUL�DU�WUHEXL�VD�WL�FXPSHUL�PDVLQD�QRXD����'LQ�FkQG�vQ�FkQG��PDVLQD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�VH�YD�RSUL�SH�DXWRVWUDGD�VL�YHWL�DFFHSWD�DFHVW�OXFUX�UHSRUQLQG�R�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD����'LQ�FkQG�vQ�FkQG��H[HFXWkQG�DQXPLWH�PDQHYUH��FD�GH�H[HPSOX�R�vQWRDUFHUH�OD�VWkQJD��PDVLQD�VH�YD�RSUL�VL�YD�UHIX]D�VDSRUQHDVFD�LDU�vQ�DFHVW�FD]�YHWL�IL�REOLJDW�VD�UHLQVWDODWL�PRWRUXO����1XPDL�R�SHUVRDQD�SRDWH�IRORVL�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�PDVLQD��FX�H[FHSWLD�FD]XOXL�vQ�FDUH�DWL�FXPSDUDW�&DU���VDX�&DU17��GDUvQ�DFHVW�FD]��YD�WUHEXL�VD�FXPSDUDWL�PDL�PXOWH�ORFXUL����0DF,QWRVK� YD� IDFH� R�PDVLQD� FDUH�PHUJH� FX� HQHUJLH� VRODUD�� ILDELOD�� GH� FLQFL� RUL�PDL� UDSLGD�� GH� GRXD� RUL�PDL� XVRU� GHFRQGXV��GDU�QX�YD�SXWHD�UXOD�GHFkW�SH�FLQFL�OD�VXWD�GLQ�VRVHOH���� ,QGLFDWRUXO� SHQWUX� XOHL�� FHO� SHQWUX� WHPSHUDWXUD� DSHL�� FHO� SHQWUX� EDWHULH�� WRDWH� YRU� IL� vQORFXLWH� FX� XQ� VLQJXU� LQGLFDWRUOXPLQRV��*HQHUDO�FDU�GHIDXOW�����ÌQ�PDVLQD�DU�vQFDSHD�QXPDL�R�SHUVRDQD�VDX�DU�WUHEXL�VD�PDL�FXPSHUL�VFDXQH�����6FDXQHOH�QRL�YD�YRU�REOLJD�VD�DYHWL�DFHHDVL�PDULPH�D�FXUXOXL�����6LVWHPXO�DLUEDJ�VL�FHQWXUD�GH�VLJXUDQWD�YD�vQWUHED��6XQWHWL�VLJXU"��vQDLQWH�GH�D�LQWUD�vQ�IXQFWLXQH�����'LQ�FkQG�vQ�FkQG��IDUD�QLFL�XQ�PRWLY��PDVLQD�VH�YD� vQFXLD�VLQJXUD��'DU�H[LVWD�R�VROXWLH��7UDJHWL�GH�PkQHUXO�SRUWLHUHL�UDVXFLWL�FKHLD�VL�WLQHWL�DQWHQD�UDGLR�FX�PkQD�����2GDWD�FX�PDVLQD�DWL�IL�REOLJDWL�VD�FXPSDUDWL�VL�XQ�JKLG�FRPSOHW�DO�VWUD]LORU�GLQ�WRDWD�OXPHD��FKLDU�GDFD�QX�DYHWL�GH�JvQGVD�LHVLWL�GLQ�RUDV��$OWIHO��SHUIRUPDQWHOH�PDVLQLL�DU�IL�GLPLQXDWH�FX���������*HQHUDO�0RWRUV�YD�FHUH�FXPSDUDWRULORU�VDL� VD�FXPSHUH�VL�XQ� VHW�GH�KDUWL�5DQG�0F1DOO\� �DFXP�R�VXFXUVDOD�D�*HQHUDO0RWRUV���LQGLIHUHQW�GDFD�DYHWL�VDX�QX�QHYRLH��FKLDU�GDFD�QX�YUHWL��'DFD�vQFHUFDWL�VD�UHQXQWDWL�OD�DFHDVWD�RSWLXQH��YHWL�REVHUYDR� GLPLQXDUH� FX� ���� D� SHUIRUPDQWHORU� PDVLQLL�� 0DL� PXOW� GHFDW� DWkW�� GLQ� FkQG� vQ� FkQG�� *HQHUDO� 0RWRUV� YD� IL� VXSXVLQYHVWLJDWLHL�'HSDUWDPHQWXOXL�GH�-XVWLWLH�����'H�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�*HQHUDO�0RWRUV�YD�LQWURGXFH�XQ�QRX�PRGHO�GH�PDVLQD��FXPSDUDWRULL�YRU� IL�REOLJDWL�VD�vQYHWH�GLQQRX�VD�VRIH]H��GHRDUHFH�QLFL�XQD�GLQ�QRLOH�FRPHQ]L�DOH�PDVLQLL�QX�YD�IXQFWLRQD�FD�FHOH�YHFKL�����9HWL�DSDVD�SH�EXWRQXO��6WDUW��SHQWUX�D�RSUL�PRWRUXO�6RWLD����$QXO�WUHFXW�XQ�SULHWHQ�GH�DO�PHX�VL�D�IDFXW�XQ�XSJUDGH�OD�3ULHWHQD�����SkQD�OD�6RWLD�����VL�D�REVHUYDW�FD�DSOLFDWLD�vQ�FDX]D�DvQFHSXW�VD�RFXSH�SUHD�PXOWD�PHPRULH�VL�ODVD�IRDUWD�SXWLQH�UHVXUVH�VLVWHP�SHQWUX�FHOHODOWH�DSOLFDWLL���3OXV�OD�DFHDVWD��SULHWHQXOPHX�D�GHSLVWDW�FD�6RWLD�����D�vQFHSXW�VD�ODQVH]H�SURFHVH�SURSULL�FDUH� OD�IHO� IXUDX� UHVXUVHOH�FDUH�VL�DVKD�VLQW�IRDUWH� OLPLWDWH�1LFL�LQ�VSRWXULOH�SXEOLFLWDUH��QLFL�LQ�GRFXPHQWDWLL�XQ�DVD�IHQRPHQ�QX�H�GHVFULV�FX�WRDWH�FD�GXSD�LQIRUPDWLD�SDUYHQLWD�GH�OD�DOWLXWLOL]DWRUL�IHQRPHQXO�LQ�FDX]D�HUD�VL�GH�DVWHSWDW�VD�DSDUD��ILLQG�JHQHUDW�GH�6RWLD������7UHEXLH� GH� PHQWLRQDW� FD� 6RWLD� ���� VH� LQVWDOHD]D� vQ� DVD� PRG� vQFkW� VH� ODQVHD]D� LPHGLDW� GXSD� LQLWLDOL]DUHD� VLVWHPXOXL� VLVXSUDYHJKHD]D�SURFHVXO�GH�OXFUX�DO�vQWUHJXOXL�VLVWHP��3ULHWHQXO�PHX�D�REVHUYDW�FD�XQ�VLU�GH�DSOLFDWLL�FD�)RWEDO��������%HULFLFD���� �� 9LQXO� ���� VL� 3HVFXLWXO� ���� vQ� JHQHUDO� DX� vQFHWDW� VD� PDL� IXQFWLRQH]H� vQ� VLVWHP� VDX� FD� 6LVWHPXO� QX� SHUPLWH� ODQVDUHDFRPSOHWD�D�ORU��SULHWHQXO�PHX�ILLQG�QHYRLW�VD�OH�DEDQGRQH]H��FX�WRDWH�FD�DFHVWH�SUREOHPH�DQWHULRU�QX�DSDUHDX��

Page 176: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

/D�LQVWDODUH�6RWLD�����QX�ODVD�YDULDQWD�GH�DOHJHUH�� vQVWDOkQG�VXSOLPHQWH�QHGRULWH�FD�6RDFUD������VL�%HWD�5HOHDV�XO�&XPQDW�'LQ�DFHDVWD�FDX]D�SURGXFWLYLWDWHD�VLVWHPXOXL�VFDGH�GLQ�]L� vQ�]L��ÌQ�XUPDWRDUHD�YHUVLXQH��6RWLD������DP�GRUL�VD� ILH�DGDXJDWHXUPDWRDUHOH�IDFLOLWDWL����%XWRQXO��1X�PL�PDL�DPLQWL�GH�DFHDVWD����%XWRQXO�GH�PLQLPL]DUH�D�DSOLFDWLHL���2SWLXQHD�8QLQVWDOOFDUH�YRU�SHUPLWH�LQVWDODUHD�DSOLFDWLHL�6RWLD�����vQ�DVD�IHO�FD�vQ�RULFH�PRPHQW�YRU�SHUPLWH�vQODWXUDUHD�DSOLFDWLHL�vQ�FDX]D��IDUDSLHUGHUHD�FDFKH�XOXL�VL�D�DOWRU�UHVXUVH�VLVWHP�(X�SHUVRQDO� DP� KRWDUkW� VD� HYLW� GXUHULOH�GH� FDS�JHQHUDWH�GH�6RWLD� ���� VL� VD� FRQWLQXL� VD� XWLOL]H]�3ULHWHQD������ 7RWXVL�PL�DXDSDUXW� SUREOHPH� VL� FX� DFHDVWD� DSOLFDWLH�� $P� GHVFRSHULW� FD� H� LPSRVLELOD� LQVWDODUHD� 3ULHWHQHL� ���� GHDVXSUD� VLVWHPXOXL� FX3ULHWHQD�����0DL�LQWLL�H�QHFHVDU�GH�D�vQODWXUD�3ULHWHQD������$OWL�XWLOL]DWRUL�YRUEHVF�FD�DFHDVWD�HVWH�R�IRDUWH�YHFKH�HURDUH�GH�VLVWHP�VL�FD�HXWUHEXLD�VD�VWLX�GH�H[LVWHQWD�HL��&LUFXOD�]YRQXO�FD�GLIHULWHOH�YHUVLXQL�DOH�3ULHWHQHL�FRQIOLFWHD]D�GLQ�FDX]D�XWLOL]DULL�FRPXQH�DSRUWXOXL� ,QSXW�2XWSXW�� &UHG� FD� SURJUDPDWRULL� GHPXOW� WUHEXLDX� VD� FRUHFWH]H� R� DVD� HURDUH� LPEHFLOD�� &HO� PDL� UDX� HVWH� FDSURJUDPXO� GH� vQODWXUDUH� D� 3ULHWHQHL� ���� OXFUHD]D� LQVWDELO�� FkWHRGDWD� ODVkQG� XUPH� GH� OXFUX� D� DSOLFDWLHL�� ÌQFD� XQ� PRPHQWQHSODFXW��7RDWH�YHUVLXQLOH� 3ULHWHQHL� SHUPDQHQW� DILVHD]D�PHVDMH� VFXUWH� VL� FLFDOLWRDUH� GHVSUH� QHFHVLWDWHD� GH� D� IDFH� XSJUDGHSkQD�OD�6RWLD�����35(Ì17Ì03,1$5($�(525,/256RWLD�����DUH�R�HURDUH�QHGRFXPHQWDWD��'DFD�VH�YD�IDFH�R�vQFHUFDUH�GH�D�LQVWDOD�$PDQWD�����IDUD�vQODWXUDUHD�6RWLHL������6RWLD����YD�VWHUJH�WRDWH�ILVLHUHOH�06�0RQH\��VL�DSRL�VH�YD�DXWRQLPLFL��$FHVW�OXFUX�YD�IDFH�FD�$PDQWD�����VD�UHIX]H�FRQWLQXDUHDLQVWDODULL�DILVkQG�PHVDMXO�GH�LQVXILFLHQWD�D�UHVXUVHORU�VLVWHP�(9,7$5($�(525,,3HQWUX�D�HYLWD�HURDUHD�VXV�QXPLWD�� vQFHUFDWL� VD� LQVWDODWL�$PDQWD�����SH�R�DOWD�SODWIRUPD�VL�QLFLRGDWD�QX� ODQVDWL�DSOLFDWLL�GHWUDQVIHU�GH�GDWH�WLSXO�/DS/LQN������)HULWL�YD�GH�DSOLFDWLL�VLPLODUH�GH�WLS�VKDUHZDUH�DSWH�GH�D�WUDQVPLWH�YLUXVL�VL�GH�D�LQIHFWD6RWLD�����2�DOWD�VROXWLH�GH�D�OXFUD�FX�$PDQWD�����DQRQLP��SULQ�SURYLGHU��ÌQVD�VL�DLFL�WUHEXLH�VD�ILL�SUHFDXW�SHQWUX�FD�vQWkPSODWRU�VD�QXDQLPL�SULQ�8VH1HW�XQ�YLUXV�VL�VD�SLHU]L�GLQ�DFHDVWD�FDX]D�UHVXUVHOH7RSXO�OXFUXULORU�UHSUH]HQWDWH�GH�FDWUH�FLIUD������vQ�:LQGRZV�������1XPDUXO�GH�]HURXUL�GH�SH�FRQWXO�OXL�%LOO�*DWHV����$QXO�vQ�FDUH�YHUVLXQHD�ILQDOD�DU�WUHEXL�VD�DSDUD����1XPDUXO�PLQLP�GH�0+]�SH�FDUH�WUHEXLH�VD�vO�DLEH�FRPSXWHUXO�WDX�������1XPDUXO�GH�VHFXQGH�SkQD�FkQG�YD�DYHD�SULPD�FDGHUH����1XPDUXO�GH�FDGHUL�FDUH�OH�YD�DYHD�VLVWHPXO�SH�RUD����$QXO�IDEULFDWLHL���1XPDUXO�GH�GLVFKHWH�SH�FDUH�vO�RFXSD���3URFHQWXO�RDPHQLORU�FDUH�YRU�IL�QHYRLWL�VD�vVL�XSJUDGH]H�FDOFXODWRDUHOH����1XPDUXO�GH�0%�FDUH�vO�RFXSD�SH�KDUGLVN����1XPDUXO�SDJLQLORU�PDQXDOXOXL�GH�XWLOL]DUH�vQ�YHUVLXQHD��($6<�,167$//�����3URFHQWXO�SURJUDPHORU�:LQGRZV�FDUH�QX�YRU�IXQFLRQD�VXE�VLVWHPXO�GH�RSHUDUH�:LQGRZV�������1XPDUXO�PLQXWHORU�FDUH�VXQW�QHFHVDUH�SHQWUX�D�LQVWDOD�SURJUDPXO���1XPDUXO�DSHOXULORU�FDWUH�VHUYLFLXO�WHKQLF�0LFURVRIW�QHFHVDUH�SHQWUX�D�SRUQL�SURJUDPXO����1XPDUXO�VHFXQGHORU�SkQD�VH�YD�SUDEXVL�vQWUHJ�VLVWHPXO����1XPDUXO�RDPHQLORU�FDUH�YRU�SODWL�XSJUDGH�XO����1XPDUXO�RDPHQLORU�vQ�SURFHQWH�FH�YRU�IRORVL�YHUVLXQHD�SLUDWDWD�VL�PXOW�vPEXQDWDWLWD����Ì�6L�FH�vQVHDPQD������GLQ�:LQGRZV�����"5�3RDWH�VD�VWHDUJD���0E�vQ���VHFXQGH���0RWLYH�SHQWUX�FDUH�:LQGRZV����QX�HVWH�XQ�YLUXV��9LUXVLL�VXQW�JUDWXLWL�

Page 177: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��'DFD�VXQW�GHWHFWDWL�OD�WLPS��YLUXVLL�SRW�IL�VFRVL�GH�SH�FDOFXODWRUXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�IDUD�SUHD�PDUL�SLHUGHUL�GH�GDWH���9LUXVLL�QX�RFXSD�XQ�VSDWLX�LPHQV�GLQ�FDSDFLWDWHD�GLVFXOXL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD���8Q�YLUXV�IXQFWLRQHD]D�VL�FX�PDL�SXWLQ�GH���0E�5$0���9LUXVLL�IDF�FHYD���9LUXVLL�QX�DX�EXJ�XUL�PDMRUH���9LUXVLL�QX�DX���VHWXUL�GLIHULWH�GH�GRFXPHQWDWLH�FDUH�SH�GHDVXSUD�PDL�VXQW�VL�JUHVLWH�VL�LPSUHFLVH���9LUXVLL�QX�VH�JDVHVF�SH�RULFH�FRPSXWHU���9LUXVLL�VH�LQVWDOHD]D�VLQJXUL����&XL�vL�SDVD�GDFD�XQ�YLUXV�HVWH����ELW�GHVL�D�IRVW�SURPRYDW�vQ�UHFODPD�FD����ELW"���9LUXVLL�QX�vQFHDUFD�VD�vVL�HOLPLQH�FRPSHWLWLD��(L�vQFHDUFD�GRDU�VD�VL�IDFD�WUHDED����9LUXVLL�QX�vQFHDUFD�VD�FRSLH]H�FH�GH]YROWD�$SSOH����([LVWD�SURJUDPH�FDUH�VH�SRW�FXPSDUD�VDX�FDUH�VH�SULPHVF�JUDWXLW�SHQWUX�D�vQGHSDUWD�YLUXVLL����9LUXVLL�SRW�IL�OXDW�GH�SH�RULFH�%%6��%XOHWLQ�%RDUG�6HUYLFH��EXQ����9LUXVLL�YLQ�vQ�PDL�PXOWH�YDULDQWH��VL�QX�R�YDULDQWD�SHQWUX�WRDWH�VFRSXULOH����9LUXVLL�QX�DX�ZL]]DUG�XUL�WkPSLWH����1X�YHWL�JDVL�vQ�SUHVD�LQVHUWXUL�SXEOLFLWDUH�FX�EXWRQXO�67$57�vQ�MXUXO�GDWHL�GH���PDUWLH��DWHQWLH�OD�0LFKHODQJHOR�����9LUXVLL�QX�VSXQ�FD�VXQW�SULHWHQRVL�DWXQFL�FkQG�QX�VXQW����9LUXVLL�SRW�UXOD�SH�3&�XUL�IDUD�DYHUWLVPHQWH����9LUXVLL��FDQG�VH�DXWRLQVWDOHD]D��QX�vQFHDUFD�VD�WUDQVPLWD�LQIRUPDWLL�SULYDWH�GHVSUH�FRPSXWHUHOH�XWLOL]DWRULORU�FDWUH�061����3URJUDPDWRULL�YLUXVLORU�QX�VXVWLQ�FD�YLUXVLL�QX�IXQFWLRQHD]D�IDUD�:HE�%URZVHUXO�LQFOXV������3kQD�DFXP�QX�D�vQFHUFDW�QLFL�XQ�SURJUDPDWRU�GH�YLUXVL�VD�GHWLQD�PRQRSROXO�SH�SLDWD�SURJUDPDWRULORU�GH�YLUXVL������8QXL�YLUXV�QX�vL�WUHEXLH����PLQXWH�VD�SRUQHDVFD������/D�XQ�YLUXV�QX�YD�YRU�7UHEXL�QLFL��6HUYLFH�3DFNV��VL�QLFL��8SGDWHV����:LQGRZV����VRXUFH�FRGH���3URMHFW��9HUVLRQ���:LQGRZV������0LFURVRIW�PDUNHWLQJ�VWUDWHJ\��0$5.(7�(;(���LQFOXGH��OWQRQVHQVH�K!�LQFOXGH��OWOLHV�K!�LQFOXGH��OWVS\ZDUH�K!�� �0LFURVRIW�1HWZRUN�&RQQHFWLYLW\OLEUDU\� ��LQFOXGH��OWSURFHVV�K!�� �)RU�WKH�FRXUW�RI�ODZ� ��GHILQH�VD\�[��OLH�[��GHILQH�FRPSXWHUXVHU�$//B:$17B72B%8<B285B%8*:$5(�GHILQH�QH[WB\HDU�VRRQ�GHILQH�WKHBSURGXFWBLVBUHDG\BWRBVKLSDQRWKHUBEHWDBYHUVLRQYRLG�PDLQ��LI��ODWHVWBZLQGRZBYHUVLRQ!RQH�PRQWKBROG�LI��WKHUHBDUHBVWLOOBEXJV�PDUNHW��EXJIL[��LI��VDOHVBGURSBEHORZBFHUWDLQBSRLQW�UDLVH�5802856B$%287B$B1(:B%8*/(66B9(56,21��`ZKLOH�HYHU\RQHBFKDWVBDERXW�QHZ�YHUVLRQ�� �6WDQGDUG�&DOO��LQ�OLH�K� �PDNHBIDOVHBSURPLVH�LWBZLOOBEHBPXOWLWDVNLQJ��LI��UXPRXUVBJURZBZLOGHU�PDNHBIDOVHBSURPLVH�LWBZLOOBEHBSOXJQBSOD\��LI��UXPRXUVBJURZBHYHQBZLOGHU�PDUNHWBWLPH ULSH�VD\��,W�ZLOO�EH�UHDG\�LQ�RQH�PRQWK��RUGHU�SURJUDPPHUV�VWRSBIL[LQJBEXJVBLQBROGBYHUVLRQ��

Page 178: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

RUGHU�SURJUDPPHUV�VWDUWBEUDLQVWRUPBDERXWBQHZBYHUVLRQ��RUGHU�PDUNHWLQJVWDII�SHUPLVVLRQBWRBVSUHDGBQRQVHQVH��YDSRXUZDUH 758(�EUHDN�`VZLWFK��QDVW\BTXHVWLRQVBRIBWKHBZRUOGSUHVV�FDVH�:+(1B:,//BO7B%(B5($'<�VD\��,W�ZLOO�EH�UHDG\�LQ���WRGD\���BGD\V����ZHUHMXVW�WHVWLQJ���EUHDN�FDVH�:,//B7+,6B3/8*B$1'B3/$<B7+,1*B:25.�VD\��<HV�LW�ZLOO�ZRUN���DVN�SURJUDPPHUV��ZK\BGRHVBLWBQRWBZRUN��SUHWHQG�WKHUHBLVBQRBSUREOHP��EUHDN�FDVH�:+$7B$5(B0,1,0$/B+$5':$5(�5(48,5(0(176�VD\��,W�ZLOO�UXQ�RQ�D��2���ZLWK�OLJKWQLQJ�VSHHG�GXH�WR��WKH����ELWV�DUFKLWHFWXUH���LQIRUP�,17(/���3HQWLXP�VDOHV�ZLOO�ULVH�VN\KLJK���LQIRUP�6$0681*���6WDUW�D�QHZ�PHPRU\FKLS�SODQW��FRV�DOO�WKRVH�FXVWRPHUV�ZLOO�QHHG�DW�OHDVW���PHJV���LQIRUP�48$1780���7KDQNV�WR�RXU�IDWZDUH�\RXU�VDOHV���ZLOO�WULSOH���JHWBELJBERQXV�,17(/��6$0681*��48$1780��EUHDN�FDVH�'2(6B0,&5262)7B*(7B722B08&+B,1)/8(1&(�VD\��2K�QR��ZH�DUH�MXVW�KHUH�WR�PDNH���D�EHWWHU�ZRUOG�IRU�HYHU\RQH���UHJLVWHU�MRXUQDOLVW��%LJB%LOOB%RRN��ZKHQ�WLPHBLVBULSH�DUUHVW��MRXUQDOLVW��EUDLQZDVK��MRXUQDOLVW��ZKHQ��MRXUQDOLVWBVD\VBZLQGRZV��BLVBEXJIUHH�RUGHU�MRXUQDOLVW��ZULWH�D�QLFH�REMHFWLYH�DUWLWOH���UHOHDVH��MRXUQDOLVW��`EUHDN�`ZKLOH��YDSRXUZDUH�LQWURGXFWLRQBGDWH����� �'HOD\� �LI��QRBRQHBEHOLHYHVBDQ\PRUHBWKHUHBZLOOBEHBDBUHOHDVH�EUHDN�VD\��,W�ZLOO�EH�UHDG\�LQ��WRGD\�21(0217+��`UHOHDVH��EHWDBYHUVLRQ��ZKLOH��HYHU\RQHBLVBGXPEBHQRXJKBWRBEX\BRXUBEXJZDUH�ELOOVBEDQNBDFFRXQW�� �O�2 PHJDEXFNV�UHOHDVH��QHZBDQGBHYHQBEHWWHUBEHWDBYHUVLRQ��

Page 179: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

LQWURGXFH��PRUHBPHPRU\BUHTXLUHPHQWV��LI��FXVWRUQHUVBUHSRUWBLQVWDOODWLRQBSUREOHPV�VD\��WKDW�LV�D�KDUGZDUH�SUREOHP����QRW�D�VRIWZDUH�SUREOHP���LI�VPDUWBFXVWRPHUBVD\VB\RXBSURPLVHGBSOXJBDQGBSOD\�LJQRUH�FXVWRPHU��RUGHU�PLFURVRIWBLQWHOOLJHQFHBDJHQF\��.HHS�DQ�H\H�RQ�WKLV�EDVWDUG���`LI���ELOOV�EDQNBDFFRXQW!VN\KLJK�PDUULDJH!WZRB\HDUV�GLYRUFH��ZRPDQBWKDWBZDVBEHDWLIXOOBZKHQBPDUU\LQJ��ZDYH��GROODUV��DWBOXVW\BFKLFNV��PDUU\��\RXQJBEORQGBYLUJLQBZLWKBELJBERREV��GHYLUJLQL]H��\RXQJBEORQGBYLUJLQBZLWKBELJBERREV��LI��ERREVBVWDUWBWRBKDQJ�GXPS��\RXQJBEORQGBYLUJLQBZLWKBELJBERREV��`LI��WKHUH�LVBDQRWKHUBFRPSDQ\�VWHDO�WKHLUBLGHDV�DFFXVH�FRPSDJQ\��VWHD�LQJBRXUBLGHDV��KLUH�DBORWBRIBODZ\HUV����� �LQ�SURFHVV�K� �ZDLW�XQWLOBFRPSDQ\BFDQQRWBDIIRUGBDQRWKHUBODZVXLW��EX\BRXW��RWKHUBFRPSDQ\��� �1RZ�HYHU\RQH�UHDOL]HV�WKDW�ZH�VHOO�EXJZDUHDQG�WKH\�DUH�DOO�DQJU\�DW�XV� �RUGHU�SODVWLFBVXUJHRQ�PDNHBELOOBORRNBOLNHBSRRUEDVWDUG��EX\�QLFHBOLWWOHBLVODQG��KLUH�KDUHP��ODXJKBDW��HYHU\RQH�RIBKDYLQJBWKHBSDWLHQFHB\HDUBDIWHUMHDU�IRUBDQRWKHUBXQILQLVKHGBYHUVLRQ��`YRLG�EXJIL[�YRLG�FKDUJH��DBORWBRIBPRQH\��LI��FXVWRPHUBVD\VBKHBGRHVBQRWBZDQWBWRSD\BIRUBEXJIL[�VD\��,W�LV�QRW�D�EXJIL[�EXW�D�QHZ�YHUVLRQ���LI��VWLOOBFRPSODLQV�LJQRUH�FXVWRPHU��� �:HOO�JHW�KLP�ZKHQ�HYHU\RQH�XVHV�%LOOZDUH� �UHJLVWHU�FXVWRPHU��ELJB%LOOBERRN��`:LQGRZV����VRXUFH�FRGH�

Page 180: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

723�6(&5(7�0LFURVRIW�F���&RGH3URMHFW��&KLFDJR�WP�3URMHFWHG�UHOHDVH�GDWH��6XPPHU����� ��LQFOXGH��ZLQ���K��LQFOXGH��ZLQ���K��LQFOXGH��HYHQPRUH�K��LQFOXGH��ROGVWXII�K��LQFOXGH��ELOOUXO]�K��GHILQH�,167$//� �'�+$5'FKDU�PDNHBSURJBORRNBELJ>�������@�YRLG�PDLQ��^ ZKLOH��&5$6+('�^ GLVSOD\BFRS\ULJKWBPHVVDJH���GLVSOD\BELOOBUXOHVBPHVVDJH���GRBQRWKLQJBORRS���

LI��ILUVWBWLPHBLQVWDOODWLRQ�^PDNHB��BPHJDE\WHBVZDSILOH���GRBQRWKLQJBORRS���WRWDOO\BVFUHZBXSB+3)6BILOHBV\VWHP���VHDUFKBDQGBGHVWUR\BWKHBUHVWBRIB26�����KDQJBV\VWHP���`ZULWHBVRPHWKLQJ�DQ\WKLQJ��GLVSOD\BFRS\ULJKWBPHVVDJH���GRBQRWKLQJBORRS���GRBVRPHBVWXII���LI��VWLOOBQRWBFUDVKHG�^GLVSOD\BFRS\ULJKWBPHVVDJH���GRBQRWKLQJBORRS���EDVLFDOO\BUXQBZLQGRZVB������GRBQRWKLQJBORRS���GRBQRWKLQJBORRS���``

LI��GHWHFWBFDFKH���GLVDEOHBFDFKH���LI��IDVWBFSX���^ VHWBZDLWBVWDWHV�ORWV��VHWBPRXVH�VSHHG��YHU\BVORZ��VHWBPRXVH�DFWLRQ��MXPS\��VHWBPRXVH�UHDFWLRQ��VRPHWLPHV��`� �SULQWI��:HOFRPH�WR�:LQGRZV��������� �� �SULQWI��:HOFRPH�WR�:LQGRZV������� �SULQWI��:HOFRPH�WR�:LQGRZV������LI��V\VWHPBRN���

Page 181: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

FUDVK�WRBGRVBSURPSW��HOVHV\VWHPBPHPRU\� �RSHQ��D�?VZS�����VZS���2B&5($7(��ZKLOH�VRPHWKLQJ�^ VOHHS����JHWBXVHUBLQSXW���VOHHS����DFWBRQBXVHUBLQSXW���VOHHS����`FUHDWHBJHQHUDOBSURWHFWLRQBIDXOW���`

0HVDMH�GH�HURDUH�DOH�:LQGRZV�������(QWHU�DQ\����GLJLW�SULPH�QXPEHU�WR�FRQWLQXH����3UHVV�DQ\�NH\�WR�FRQWLQXH�RU�DQ\�RWKHU�NH\�WR�TXLW����3UHVV�DQ\�NH\�H[FHSW����QR��1R��12��127�7+$7�21(����%DG�FRPPDQG�RU�ILOH�QDPH��*R�VWDQG�LQ�WKH�FRUQHU����7KLV�ZLOO�HQG�\RXU�:LQGRZV�VHVVLRQ��'R�\RX�ZDQW�WR�SOD\�DQRWKHU�JDPH"���:LQGRZV�PHVVDJH���(UURU�VDYLQJ�ILOH��)RUPDW�GULYH�QRZ"��<�<�����7KLV�LV�D�PHVVDJH�IURP�*RG�*DWHV���5HERRWLQJ�WKH�ZRUOG��3OHDVH�ORJ�RII�����7R��VKXW�GRZQ��\RXU�V\VWHP��W\SH��:,1����%5($.)$67�6<6�KDOWHG����&HUHDO�SRUW�QRW�UHVSRQGLQJ�����&2))((�6<6�PLVVLQJ����,QVHUW�FXS�LQ�FXS�KROGHU�DQG�SUHVV�DQ\�NH\�����)LOH�QRW�IRXQG��6KRXOG�,�IDNH�LW"��<�1�����%DG�RU�PLVVLQJ�PRXVH��6SDQN�WKH�FDW"��<�1�����5XQWLPH�(UURU��'�DW����$���&)��,QFRPSHWHQW�8VHU�����(UURU�UHDGLQJ�)$7�UHFRUG��7U\�WKH�6.,11<�RQH"��<�1�����:LQ(UU��������/37��QRW�IRXQG��8VH�EDFNXS���3(1&,/��3$3(5�6<6�����8VHU�(UURU��5HSODFH�XVHU�����:LQGRZV�9LUXV6FDQ��������:LQGRZV�IRXQG��5HPRYH�LW"��<�1������<RXU�KDUG�GULYH�KDV�EHHQ�VFDQQHG�DQG�DOO�VWROHQ�VRIWZDUH�WLWOHV�KDYH�EHHQ�GHOHWHG��7KH�SROLFH�DUH�RQ�WKH�ZD\�%DQFXUL�GHVSUH�QDWLXQL�VL�UDVH%DQFXUL�FX�DOEDQH]L���'H�FH�VXEPDULQHOH�DOEDQH]H�LHV�OD�VXSUDIDWD�GLQ�GRXD�vQ�GRXD�PLQXWH"5�&D�VD�LD�DHU�YkVODVLL�������6WLWL�FXP�IDF�VROGDWLL�DOEDQH]L�vQFDO]LUHD�GH�GLPLQHDWD"5�$OHDUJD�GRXD�WXUH�GH�WDUD����&DUH�L�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�DOEDQH]�PLF�VL�XQXO�PDUH"5�$OD�PDUH�DUGH�PDL�PXOW����'H�FH�DX�SLHUGXW�DOEDQH]LL�UD]ERLXO"5�(UD�DUFDVXO�EROQDY����'H�FH�H�FUL]D�GH�HODVWLF�LQ�$OEDQLD"5�6H�SUHJDWHVF�VD�VL�ODQVH]H�SULPXO�VDWHOLW�DUWLILFLDO����&XP�SRDWH�IL�RSULW�XQ�WDQF�DOEDQH]"5�7UHEXLH�vPSXVFDW�FHO�FDUH�vPSLQJH�WDQFXO���

Page 182: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��Ì�&H�VH�vQWDPSOD�FkQG�OD�7LUDQD�VH�DUGH�XQ�EHF"5�3ULQ�GHFUHW�SUH]LGHQWLDO�VH�VFRDWH�VL�FHO�GH�DO�GRLOHD�EHF�GLQ�PRWLYH�GH�VLJXUDQWD�VWDWXOXL���Ì�'H�FH�H�EORFDWD�IORWD�7LUDQHL"5�/L�V�D�UXSW�R�YkVOD���/D�1DWLXQLOH�8QLWH��&X�FH�GRWDUH�ORJLVWLFD�SRDWH�SDUWLFLSD�$OEDQLD�OD�IRUWHOH�GH�PHQWLQHUH�D�SDFLL"�9D�GDP�XQ�WDQF��1X�VH�SRDWH��GRDU�XQXO"�%LQH��YL�OH�GDP�SH�DPkQGRXD����'XSD�XQ�UDLG�DYLDWLF�DVXSUD�%RVQLHL��DOEDQH]LL�VXQW�vQWUHEDWL��'H�FH�IORWD�YRDVWUD�DYLDWLFD�QX�D�SDUWLFLSDW"�(UD�EROQDY�SLORWXO������5DSRUW�DO�DPLUDOXOXL�DOEDQH]�)ORWD�QRDVWUD�D�VXIHULW�SLHUGHUL�JUHOH��V�D�UXSW�R�YkVOD���Ì�&DUH�D�IRVW�SULPXO�RP�SH�/XQD"5�8Q�DOEDQH]�FDUH�V�D�MXFDW�FX�R�SUDVWLH������6H�DUXQFD�GRL�DOEDQH]L�vPSUHXQD�FX�R�SDUDVXWD��=LFH�XQXO��7UDJH�ED�GH�VIRDUD�VD�VH�GHVFKLGD�SDUDVXWD�FD�PXULP�DLFL��1X�VWLX�FDUH�L�VIRDUD��'H�FH�QX�VWLL�ED"�3DL�HX�VXQW�WDQFKLVW����6H� IDFHD�FD�DPHULFDQLL� LQYDGHD]D�$OEDQLD��'HK��DVWLD�PDL� VODE�GRWDWL��QX�SUHD� VWLDX� FH� VD� IDFD��6H� vQWUXQHVF�HL�� IDF� XQFRQVLOLX�GH�UD]ERL��VL�SODQXLHVF����$U�WUHEXL�VD�GRWDP�VL�QRL�DUPDWD�QRDVWUD�FX�FHYD�GHRVHELW����3DL�����VD�OH�GDP�XQ�WDQF��FHO�PDL�EXQ�WDQF�DO�QRVWUX��%LQH��ELQH��VL�FXP�vL�UHSDUWL]DP"�'RL�OD�SUDVWLH��VL�WUHL�OD�SHGDOH������Ì�'H�FkWL�DOEDQH]L�H�QHYRLH�SHQWUX�D�PRQWD�XQ�EHF"5�'H�QLFL�XQXO�Ì�'H�FH"5�3HQWUX�FD�QX�DX�LQYHQWDW�vQFD�FXUHQWXO�HOHFWULF����Ì�'H�FH�PHUJH�HFRQRPLD�DOEDQH]D�DWkW�GH�SURVW"5�3HQWUX�FD�OH�D�PXULW�PDJDUXO����Ì�'H�FH�XQ�DYLRQ�DOEDQH]�FRERDUD�OD�VRO�GLQ���vQ���PLQXWH"5�&D�VD�O�vQWRDUFD�FX�FKHLWD����ÌQWU�R�WDEDUD�D�&DVWLORU�$OEDVWUH�vQ�.RVRYR�VL�LVFD�R�FHDUWD�SH�PRWLYH�QDWLRQDOLVWH�vQWUH�XQ�DPHULFDQ�VL�XQ�DOEDQH]��=LFHDPHULFDQXO�SOLQ�GH�PkQGULH�DOEDQH]XOXL��:H�KDYH�%LOO�&OLQWRQ��6WHYLH�:RQGHU��%RE�+RSH�DQG�-RQQ\�&DVK�/D�FDUH�DOEDQH]XO��:H�KDYH�6ORERGDQ�0LORVHYLFL��1R�:RQGHU��1R�+RSH�DQG�1R�&DVK�������Ì�&XP�VH�GHILQHVWH�XQ�EXQ�YkQ]DWRU"5�8Q�DOEDQH]�NRVRYDU��FDUH�vL�YLQGH�XQXL�VkUE�R�MDFKHWD�1$72����Ì�&XP�VFXIXQ]L�XQ�VXEPDULQ�DOEDQH]"5�&LRF��FLRF�OD�WXUHOD������2�FLUFXODUD�GH�OD�SROLWLD�DOEDQH]D��$MXWDWL�SROLWLD���%DWHWL�YD�VLQJXUL�������Ì�&kQG�YD�DYHD�SROLWLD�DOEDQH]D�FX�DGHYDUDW�VXFFHV"

Page 183: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�$WXQFL�FkQG�QXPDUXO�UDXIDFDWRULORU�SULQVL�YD�YL�PDL�PDUH�FD�QXPDUXO�DQJDMDWLORU���%DQFXUL�FX�FDQLEDOL��'RL�FDQLEDOL��WDWD�VL�ILX��SULYHVF�FX�vQFkQWDUH�R�IHPHLH�HXURSHDQD�FDUH�IDFH�EDLH�JRDOD�vQWU�XQ�UkX��&H�EXQD�H�WDWD��FH�SLHOH�DOED��FH�FDUQH��+DL�V�R�PkQFDP��1X�SURVWXOH��SH�DVWD�R�OXDP�DFDVD�VL�R�PkQFDP�SH�PDWD���Ì�&H�VFULH�SH�DHURSRUW�OD�FDQLEDOL"5�%LQH�DWL�YHQLW��PkQFD�Y�DV���Ì�&H�vQVHDPQD��SHQWUX�XQ�FDQLEDO��R�IHPHLH�JUDYLGD"5�.LQGHU�FX�VXUSUL]H���'RL�FDQLEDOL�PDQkQFD�XQ�FORZQ��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�]LFH�XQXO��$UH�XQ�JXVW�GHVWXO�GH��FRPLF����'RL�FDQLEDOL�vO�ILHUE�SH�$UQROG�6FKZDU]HQHJJHU��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�]LFH�XQXO��0LURDVH�IRDUWH��SXWHUQLF�����&kWL�YLQ�OD�SHWUHFHUH��GUDJD"�VH�LQWHUHVHD]D�QHYDVWD�FDQLEDOXOXL��1X�WH�DJLWD�GUDJD��YD�IL�SOLQ�GH�GRPQL�ILQXWL���=LFH�FDQLEDOXO��3H�SULPD�EDOHULQD�QX�R�YRP�JDWL�D]L��2�SDVWUDP�SHQWUX�]LXD�GH�SRVW���Ì�'H�FH�SULYHVF�FDQLEDOLL�JUDYLGHOH�FD�SH�R�GHOLFDWHVD"5�3HQWUX�RXO�FX�VXUSUL]H�VL�PDL�DOHV�SHQWUX�H[WUD�SRUWLD�GH�ODSWH������3H�R�LQVXOD�GH�FDQLEDOL�QDXIUDJLD]D�R�QDYD�VL�VFDSD�GRDU�R�JDJLFD�EXQD�GH�WRW���2�SULQG�FDQLEDOLL�VL�R�EDJD�vQ�RDOD���ÌQ�WLPS�FH�VWULJDX�WRWL��WH�PkQFDP�WH�PkQFDP�DSDUH�VHIXO�WULEXOXL�R�VFDSD�GH�OD�PRDUWH�VL�R�LD�GH�QHYDVWD���ÌQ�ILQH�GXSD�YUHR���DQL�PRDUH�DLD�VL�R�vQJURDSD��ÌQ�SULPD�QRDSWH�WRWL�FDQLEDOLL�R�GH]JURDSD�VL�vQFHS�GLQ�QRX�VD�VWULJH��7H�PkQFDP��WH�PkQFDP���$SDUH�LDU�ERVV�X�VL�R�vQJURDSD�OD������PHWUL���7kPSLWLL�DLD�GH�FDQLEDOL�R�GH]JURDSD�GLQ�QRX�VL�VWULJD�VORJDQXO�ORU�PXOW�LXELW��7H�PkQFDP��WH�PkQFDP���9LQH�VHIX�vL�LD�OD�REUD]�FD�Q�DX�UHVSHFW�QLFL�SHQWUX�QHYDVWD�OXL�GHFHGDWD��vL�DUGH�FDGDYUXO�VL�vO�EDJD�vQWU�R�FXWLXWD�GH�OHPQ���1RDSWHD�YLQ�DLD�GLQ�QRX�VL�VWULJD���7H�PkQFDP�WH�PkQFDP���6H�VXSDUD�VDUPDQXO�YDGXY�VL�VH�GXFH�GLUHFW�OD�HL��,D�PDL�WHUPLQDWL�FX�WH�PkQFDP�WH�PkQFDP�DVWD�FH�GUDFX����/D�FDUH�FDQLEDOLL��+DL�VHIX�QLFL�PDFDU�XQ�QHVV�QX�QH�SXWHP�IDFH���"�"�"���8Q�FDQLEDO�VH�QWRDUFH�GH�OD�YkQDWRDUH��VL�VSUH�GH]LOX]LD�IDPLOLHL��DGXFH�GRDU�R�XUQD�IXQHUDUD��&H�L�DVWD"�vQWUHDED�IDPLOLD�vQWU�XQ�JODV����2�GHOLFDWHVD��RP�QHVV����&LFD�SH�XQ�PLVLRQDU�vO�SULQG�FDQLEDOLL��vO�GH]EUDFD��VL�O� OHDJD�GH�XQ�VWkOS��FX�PLLQLOH�vQ�VXV��9LQH�OD�HO�VHIXO�GH�WULE��VL�L]LFH��8LWH��RELFHLXULOH�WULEXOXL�QRVWUX�]LF�FD�WUHEXLH�VD�WL�PDL�ODVDP�R�VDQVD��$VD�FD�GDFD�SkQD�PkLQH�GLPLQHDWD�UHXVHVWL�VD�EHOHVWLS D�IDUD�VD�WL�IRORVHVWL�PkLQLOH��HVWL�OLEHU�%LHWXO�RP��vQFHSH�IHEULO�VD�VH�FKLQXLH�V�R�SULQGD�FXPYD�vQWUH�SLFRDUH��V�R�EHOHDVFD��GD�IDUD�VXFFHV��'XSD�FkWHYD�RUH��WUHFHXQXO�GLQ�WULE��PDL�PLORVWLY��VL�L�]LFH��%DL��EDJD�ELQH�OD�FDS�FH�WL�VSXQ��$VD�Q�DL�VD�UHXVHVWL�QLFL�vQ�]HFH�]LOH�6LQJXUD�WD�VDQVD�H�FD�PkLQH�FkQG�YLQH�VHIXO�GH�WULE�VD�YDGD�GDFD�DL�EHOLW�R��VD�VWDL�FXPYD�vQFkW�VD�WUHEXLDVFD�VD�VH�DSURSLH�VDYDGD�GDFD�L�EHOLWD�&LQG�D�DMXQV�DSURDSH��WUDJH�L�XQ�VXW�vQ�WHVWLFXOH��GD�FkW�WH�WLQ�SXWHULOH�0LVRQDUXO�PDL�vQFHDUFD�WRWXVL�WRDWD�QRDSWHD�V�R�EHOHDVFD��GDU�QX�SRDWH��DVD�FD�D�GRXD�]L�GLPLQHDWD��VH�SXQH�FX�IDWD�OD�VWkOS�VLDVWHDSWD�VD�YLQD�VHIXO�GH�WULE�

Page 184: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

&kQG�DOD�DMXQJH�OD�GRL�SDVL��VH�vQWRDUFH�EUXVF�VL�L�WUDJH�XQ�VXW�GLQ�UDVSXWHUL�vQ�WHVWLFROH��6HIXO�GH�WULE�FDGH�SH�MRV��LDU�GLQWUHVDOEDWLFL�VH�DXGH�R�YRFH��(L��DFX�FKLDU�F�DL�EHOLW�S D����&OLQWRQ��(OWLQ�VL�,OLHVFX�DX�XQ�DFFLGHQW�GH�DYLRQ�VL�DWHUL]HD]D�IRUWDW�vQ�MXQJOD�DIULFDQD�6XQW�SULQVL�GH�XQ�WULE�GH�FDQLEDOL�VL�DGXVL�OHJDWL�IHGHOHV�vQ�IDWD�VHIXOXL�GH�WULE�$VWD�OH�VSXQH�FD�OH�GD�GUXPXO�QXPDL�GDFD�D�DX]LW�GH�WDUD�ORU��'DFD�QX�vQ�FUDWLWD�FX�HL�&OLQWRQ�VSXQH����6WDWHOH�8QLWH��&DQLEDOX���1W]��Q�DP�DX]LW��/D�FLRUED����(OWLQ���5XVLD��&DQLEDOX���1LFL�GH�DVWD�Q�DP�DX]LW��7RFDQLWD�����,OLHVFX���(UU����HX�PDL�ELQH�PD�GXF�GLUHFW�vQ�FUDWLWD��FD�GH�DPDUkWD�PHD�GH�WDUD�vQ�PRG�VLJXU�Q�D�DX]LW�QLPHQL�����&DQLEDOX���1X�GRPOH��]L��FD�FLQH�VWLH�����,OLHVFX���5RPDQLD��&DQLEDOX���$DD����5RPDQLD��%XFXUHVWL��$6(����$P�VL�HX�XQ�QHSRW�VWXGHQW�DFROR�������8Q�WULE�GH�����FDQLEDOL�QHJUL�SULQG�SHVWLVRUXO�GH�DXU����3HVWLVRUXO��'DFD�PL�GDWL�GUXPXO�YD�vQGHSOLQHVF�FkWH�R�GRULQWD�OD�ILHFDUH���,L�GDX�GUXPXO3HVWLVRUXO��$OLQLHUHD�����]LFHWL�1HJUXO����)D�PD�DOE�ÌO�IDFH��8OWLPXO�QHJUX�VH�FUDFDQD�GH�UkV���3HVWLVRUXO��'H�FH�Uk]L�ED"$OD�����QLPLF��5kGHD�GH�PXUHD����1HJUXO����)D�PD�DOE�ÌO�IDFH��$OD�GLQ�FRDGD�LDU������+$+$+$��3HVWLVRUXO��&H�DL�ED"$OD�QLPLF�����UkGHD�GH�VH�VSDUJHD����7RW�DVD�SkQD�OD�XOWLPXO�����WRWL�YURLDX�VD�VH�IDFD�DOEL����$MXQJH�OD�DVWD����3HVWLVRUXO��%DL��WX�DVWD�FDUH�WH�DL�VSDUW�GH�UkV��FH�YUHL"1HJUXO������,D�ID�L�SH�0LFKDHO�-DFNVRQLL�DVWLD�GLQDLQWHD�PHD�QHJUL����8Q�H[SORUDWRU�SULQ�MXQJOD�$PD]RQXOXL�V�D�WUH]LW�vQFRQMXUDW�GH�FDQLEDOL��2K�'RDPQH��VXQW�SLHUGXW���JkQGHVWH�HO�'LQWU�R�GDWD�R�UD]D�GH�VRDUH�FRERUkQG�GLQ�vQDOWXO�FHUXOXL�vL�FDGH�OD�SLFLRDUH�VL�R�YRFH�PDL�JURDVD�vL�VSXQH��1X�ILXOH��QX�HVWL�SLHUGXW��,D�R�SLDWUD��vQWRDUFH�WH�VL�DUXQF�R�vQ�FDSXO�VHIXOXL�ORU�([SORUDWRUXO�IDFH�vQWRFPDL��GDU�FHL�����GH�FDQLEDOL�VH�QDSXVWHVF�VSUH�HO��9RFHD�GLQ�FHUXUL�PDL�VSXQH��$ELD�DFXP�HVWL�SLHUGXW����ÌQ�MXQJOD��QLVWH�H[SORUDWRUL�VXQW�SULQVL�GH�FDQLEDOL��6HIXO�OH�]LFH��'DFD�S H�YRDVWUH�DX�OD�XQ�ORF�XQ�PHWUX��YD�LHUW�VL�YD�WULPLW�vQDSRL��$OWIHO�SUHJDWLWL�YD�GH�PRDUWH�'LVSHUDWL�� FHL� �� IDF� PDVXUDWRULOH�� MDSRQH]X� ��� FP�� DPHULFDQXO� ��� FP�� LWDOLDQXO� ��� FP�� LDU� %XOD� ,RQ�� FHUFHWDWRU� OD8QLYHUVLWDWHD�GLQ�&DUDFDO��FRQWULEXLH�VL�HO�FX�FHL���FP�DL�VDL��(L��FH�D�IDFHWL�GDFD�Q�R�DYHDP�HX�VFXODWD�"���-RKQ�FUHGH�FD�H�FDQLEDO�VL�IDPLOLD�O�D�FRQYLQV��vQ�VIkUVLW��VD�PHDUJD�OD�FRQVXOWDWLH�OD�XQ�UHQXPLW�SVLKLDWUX�&kQG�-RKQ�VH�vQWRDUFH�DFDVD��GXSD�SULPD�YL]LWD�OD�PHGLF��VRWLD�vO�vQWUHDED��&XP�WL�V�D�SDUXW�PHGLFXO"�'HOLFLRV��UDVSXQVH�-RKQ��OLQJkQGX�VL�EX]HOH����'RL�FDQLEDOL�DX�RPRUkW�XQ�H[SORUDWRU��1HvQWHOHJkQGX�VH�DVXSUD�FDQWLWDWLORU�FXYHQLWH�ILHFDUXLD�KRWDUDVF�GH�FRPXQ�DFRUG�VD�vQFHDSD�ILHFDUH�GLQWU�R�SDUWH�D�FRUSXOXL��XQXO�GH�OD�FDS�VL�XQXO�GH�OD�SLFLRDUH�0DQkQFD�HL�FH�PDQkQFD�VL�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��XQXO�GLQWUH�HL�VSXQH��9DL�FH�JXVWRV��WRFPDL�PDQkQF�XQ�FRL�

Page 185: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

&HODODOW�UDVSXQGH��2SUHVWH�WH��0DQkQFL�SUHD�UHSHGH����Ì�&XP�IDF�FH]DULDQD�FDQLEDOLL"5�'HYRUHD]D�PDPD�vQ�MXUXO�IDWXOXL����Ì�&DUH�H�WH[WXO�UHOLJLRV��FHO�PDL�GUDJ�XQXL�FDQLEDO"5�&XP�VD�vWL�VHUYHVWL�DSURDSHOH������8Q�UHSRUWHU�VWUDLQ�vL�LD�XQ�LQWHUYLX�SUHVHGLQWHOXL�.HQLHL��'�OH�SUHVHGLQWH��PDL�DYHWL�vQ�WDUD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�FDQLEDOL"�1X��QX�PDL�DYHP�GH�PXOW��FD�L�DP�PkQFDW�SH�WRWL������Ì�&H�HVWH�XQ�FDQLEDO�FDUH�D�PkQFDW�WRWL�VDWHQLL�OXL���"5�*KLIWXLW������Ì�&H�HVWH�XQ�FDQLEDO�FDUH�D�PkQFDW�WRWL�VDWHQLL�OXL���"5�6LQJXU������Ì�&H�HVWH�XQ�FDQLEDO�FDUH�D�PkQFDW�WRWL�VDWHQLL�OXL���"5�&HO�PDL�EDWUkQ�GLQ�VDW������Ì�FH�HVWH�XQ�FDQLEDO�FDUH�vVL�PDQkQFD�PDPD���"5�2UIDQ������Ì�'DU�GDFD�vVL�PDQkQFD�VL�WDWDO"5�6DWXO������8Q�FHOHEUX�H[SORUDWRU�HVWH�LQYLWDW� OD�PDVD�GH�FDWUH�QLVWH�FRQDWLRQDOL��3kQD�VD�vQFHDSD�SUkQ]XO��HO� vQFHSH�VD�SRYHVWHDVFDFXP�D�SHWUHFXW�FLQFL�DQL�SULQWUH�FDQLEDOL����6L�Y�DWL�DGDSWDW"�&KLQXLWRU�GH�JUHX��DP�VXIHULW�PXOW��GDU�FH�HUD�VD�IDF��PD�WLQHDX�SUL]RQLHU��$ROHX��VDUH�JD]GD��R�VD�YD�URJ�VD�PD�VFX]DWL��GDU�QRL�OD�SUkQ]�QX�DYHP�GHFkW�IULSWXUD�GH�RDLH����8Q�FDQLEDO�PHUJH�vQ�YL]LWD�OD�YHFLQXO�VDX�VD�L�DGPLUH�QRXO�IULJLGHU��&H�FDSDFLWDWH�DUH"�ÌO�vQWUHDED��1X�VLQW�VLJXU��UDVSXQGH�DFHVWD��GDU�DX�vQFDSXW�vQ�HO�FHL�GRL�RDPHQL�FDUH�O�DX�DGXV����'RL�FDQLEDOL�VWDX�GH�YRUED��ÌWL�SODFH�VRUD�PHD"�'DDD�GD�GD�GD�����$WXQFL�PDL�LD�R�EXFDWD����8Q�HQJOH]��XQ�IUDQFH]�VL�XQ�URPkQ�VXQW�SULQVL�GH�FDQLEDOL��6HIXO�WULEXOXL��(QJOH]XOH�PDL�DL�YUHR�GRULQWD"�6D�PDL�YDG�RGDWD�%LJ�%HQ�XO��5HVSLQV�(QJOH]XO�HVWH�JDWLW�VL�GLQ�SLHOHD�VD�VH�IDFH�R�WRED��)UDQFH]XO�OD�UkQGXO�OXL�H�vQWUHEDW��)UDQFH]XOH��PDL�DL�YUHR�GRULQWD"�'D��VD�PDL�YDG�RGDWD�3DULVXO��5HVSLQV�)UDQFH]XO�HVWH�JDWLW�VL�GLQ�SLHOHD�VD�VH�IDFH�R�WRED��ÌL�YLQH�VL�UkQGXO�URPkQXOXL��5RPkQXOH��PDL�DL�YUHR�GRULQWD"�'D�DV�YUHD�XQ�FXL�5RPkQXO�SULPHVWH�XQ�FXL�VL�vQFHSH�VD�VH�vQWHSH�FX�HO�SHVWH�WRW��6HIXO�FDQLEDOLORU��&H�vQVHDPQD�DVWD"�'LQ�SLHOHD�PHD�QX�IDFHWL�QLFL�XQ�7DP�7DP�������2�FHDWD�GH�FDQLEDOL�DWDFD�PLVLXQHD�GLQ�DSURSLHUH�VL�vQFHS�RVSDWXO��8QXO�GLQWUH�HL�GHVFRSHUD�vQWU�XQ�FROW��PRDUWD�GH�IULFD�REDWUkQD�GLDEHWLFD��6L�QHVWDSkQLW�YUHD�VD�L�IDFD�IHOXO�VD�R�IULJD��/D�FDUH�VHIXO�FHWHL��3D�DVWD�R�PDL�WLQHP��$UH�PXOW�]DKDU�VL�QH�R�WUHEXLH�SHQWUX�vQGXOFLUHD�FHDLXOXL�������&DSLWDQH��FDQLEDOLL�O�DX�SULQV�SH�-RH�VL�DFXP�YRU�VD�O�PDQkQFH�

Page 186: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�1X�FUHG�VD�OH�SODFD��-RH�H�EROQDY�GH�GLDEHW��1�DUH�D�IDFH��$X�SXV�GHMD�VD�O�ILDUED�GH�FRPSRW������Ì�&XP�IDFH�XQ�FDQLEDO�FXUD�GH�VODELUH"5�0DQkQFD�SLWLFL����'RL�FDQLEDOL�VWDWHDX�vQ�MXUXO�XQXL�IRF��1X�PL�SODFH�GHORF�&$51($�$678,$��]LFH�XQX�ÌQFHUFD�FX�NHWFKXS����8Q�FDQLEDO�FDODWRUHD�FX�DYLRQXO��6WHZDUGHVD�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�DWL�GRUL�VD�VHUYLWL�GH�PkQFDUH"/D�FDUH�FDQLEDOXO��ÌPL�DGXFHWL�YD�URJ�OLVWD�SDVDJHULORU������8Q�FDQLEDO�D�vQFHUFDW�VD�VH�VLQXFLGD��'DW�ILLQG�IDSWXO�FD�D GDW�JUHV�VD�DIOD�VXE�FRQWURO�PHGLFDO�SHQWUX�R�YUHPH��0HGLFXOSVLKRORJ�vO�vQWUHDED��6L�GH�FH�DWL�vQFHUFDW�VD�YD�VLQXFLGHWL"�6WLWL��VXQW�VDWXO�SkQD�vQ�JkW�GH�RDPHQL������8Q� DYLRQ� VH� SUDEXVHVWH� GHDVXSUD� MXQJOHL� VL� VXSUDYLHWXLZHVF� GRDU� FHOH� WUHL� VWHZDUGHVH� GH� OD� ERUG�� ÌQ� MXQJOD� HOH� VXQWXUPDULWH�GH�XQ� WULE�GH�FDQLEDOL��&D� VD� VFDSH�GH�DFHVWLD� VH� XUFD� vQWU�XQ�SRP� LDU� FDQLEDOL� VH�DVHD]D� WDFXWL� vQ� MXUXO�SRPXOXL�'XSD���]LOH�XQD�GHLQWUH�VWHZDUGHVH�FDGH�IDFkQGX�L�VH�UDX�GH�IRDPH�VL�HVWH�PkQFDWD�GH�FDQLEDOL�&HOHODOWH�GRXD�VH�DSXFD�VD�PDQkQFH�FHYD�IUXQ]H�VL�GXSD�WUHL�]LOH�vQFD�XQD�FDGH�VL�HVWH�PDQFDWD�GH�FDQLEDOL��$�WUHLD�WUHFH�VL�ODVFRDUWD�GH�FRSDF�VL�PDL�UH]LVWD�WUHL�]LOH�GXSD�FDUH�FDGH�VL�HD�0RUDOD���5DEGDUH�GH�FDQLEDO�VD�DL�FD�IHPHLD�SLFD�HD�������ÌQWUH�FDQLEDOL��'H�FH�PDQkQFL�GH�OD�R�YUHPH�GRDU�SLHL�URVLL"�3HQWUX�FD�YUDFLXO�PL�D�VSXV�FD�DP�SUHD�SXWLQH�JOREXOH�URVLL�vQ�VkQJH����Ì�&XP�FRQVXPD�FDQLEDOLL�GRFWRUL"5�&D�VL�+27�'2&6����Ì�&XP�FRQVXPD�FDQLEDOLL�VNDWHULL"5�5XODGH�GH�FDUQH������Ì�&XP�QXPHVF�FDQLEDOLL�XQ�KDQGLFDSDW�vQWU�XQ�VFDXQ�FX�URWLOH"5�0kQFDUH�SH�URWL������Ì�&H�PDQkQFD�FDQLEDOLL�9LQHUHD"5�3HV���FDUL���SHQWUX�FD�WLQ�SRVW������Ì�FH�PDQkQFD�FDQLEDOLL�'XPLQLFD"5�0LVLRQDUL���VXQW�SDWUXQVL�GH�VSLULWXO�UHOLJLHL�����6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRL�FDQLEDOL��8QXO�GLQWUH�HL�WLQH�VXE�EUDW�FkWHYD�FRDVWH�GH�RP��&HODODOW�vQWUHDED��&H�IDFL�FX�FRDVWHOH�DVWHD"�0D�GXF�OD�DOLPHQWDUD��3H�FRDVWHOH�DVWHD�SULPHVF�vQDSRL�JDUDQWLD������9LQH�XQ�FDQLEDO�vQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ�GH�GHOLFDWHVH�VL�]LFH��$V�GRUL�SHQWUX�GLVHDUD�VD�PL�OLYUDWL�XQ�HVFKLPRV��'DX�R�SHWUHFHUH�VL�DV�YUHD�VD�VHUYHVF�XQ�EXIHW�UHFH������8Q�FDQLEDO�VH�PXWD�OD�RUDV��GXSD�FHYD�WLPS�YLQH�PDLFD�VD�vQ�YL]LWD��6L�vQ�WLPS�FH�PkQFDX��DVWD�]LFH��6WLL��QX�SUHD�vPL�SODF�YHFLQLL�WDL����$WXQFL�PDQkQFD�GRDU�OHJXPHOH����8Q�HXURSHDQ�DMXQJH�OD�XQ�WULE�L]RODW��VL�VHIXO�GH�WULE�vO�LD�VD�L�DUDWH�DWUDFWLLOH�ORFDOH��ÌQWU�R�YDOH��PDL�OD�GRV��HUD�XQ�VFDXQWXUQDQW��vPSUHMXUXO�FDUXLD�VWDWHDX�SH�SDPkQW�VDVH�QHJUHVH�IUXPXVHOH��$VWD��]LFH�VHIXO�GH�WULE��HVWH�UXOHWD�QRDVWUD�DIULFDQD��$GLFD"��9D�DVH]DWL�SH�VFDXQXO�WXUQDQW��YD�vQYkUWLWL��VL�IDWD��vQ�IDWD�FDUHLD�YD�RSULWL��YL�R�VXJH��6L�FDUH�L�ULVFXO"

Page 187: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�8QD�GLQWUH�HOH�H�FDQLEDOD����&DQLEDOLL�SULQG�XQ�DPHULFDQ��XQ�UXV�VL�XQ�URPkQ��6HIXO�FDQLEDOLORU�OH�VSXQH��'DFD�YUHWL�VD�VFDSDWL�FX�YLDWD�DYHWL���SRVLELOLWDWL���RUL�SODWLWL��������RUL�SULPLWL�����GH�ORYLWXUL�SH�VSDWH�RUL�PkQFDWL�JUDPDGDDLD�GH�UDKDW�GLQ�IDWD�YRDVWUD�$PHULFDQXO�GXFH�PkQD�OD�EX]XQDU��VFRDWH�������VL�VFDSD�5XVXO�vQGXUD�����GH�ORYLWXUL�SH�VSDWH�VL�GH�DVHPHQHD�VFDSD�5RPkQXO��FDUH�HVWH�UHQXPLW�SHQWUX�DIDFHULOH�OXL�VSXQH��(X�P�DV�vQILQJH�vQ�JUDPDGD�DLD�GH�UDKDW��0DQkQFD�DSURDSH�MXPDWDWH��L�VH�IDFH�JUHDWD�VL�VSXQH��'H�UHVWXO�GDWL�PL�ORYLWXUL�SH�VSDWH�ÌQGXUD�HO�FH�vQGXUD��vQVD�QX�PDL�SRDWH�GH�GXUHUH�VL��FKLQXLW�VSXQH��%DJD�PL�DV�SX D��LD�GH�DLFL�������VL�ODVD�PD�vQ�SDFH�������'RL�DPHULFDQL� VL�GRL� UXVL�VFDSD�GH�QLVWH�FDQLEDOL� VL� VH�VXLH� vQWU�XQ�FRSDF��$MXQJ�FDQLEDOLL� OkQJD�FRSDF�VL� vVL�SXQ�FRUWXODFROR��'DFD�QX�QH�GDWL�SH�XQXO�GLQ�YRL�VD�O�PkQFDP�YD�RPRUkP�SH�WRWL�'DX�FX�]DUXO�FHL�SDWUX�VL�LHVH�XQ�UXV����ÌO�PDQkQFD���$�GRXD�]L�OD�IHO��'DFD�QX�QH�GDWL�SH�XQXO�GLQ�YRL��YD�RPRUkP�SH�WRWL�'LQ�QRX�GDX�FX�]DUXO�VL�LHVH�FHODODOW�UXV��ÌO�PDQkQFD�VL�SH�HO���$�WUHLD�]L��'DFD�QX�FRERUkWL�XQXO�GLQ�YRL��YD�RPRUkP�SH�DPkQGRL��]LF�FDQLEDOLL��$X]L�PDL��-RKQQ\��]LFH�XQXO�GLQ�DPHULFDQL��LD�VFRDWH�WX�PLWUDOLHUD�DLD������'RL�FDQLEDOL�VWDX�vQ�SRP��3H�MRV�WUHFH�XQ�FDYDOHU�vQ�DUPXUD��8QXO�GLQWUH�HL�VSXQH��$]L�PkQFDP�FRQVHUYH����)LXO� FDSHWHQLHL� FDQLEDOLORU� YLQH� OD� VFRDOD� GHVFKLVD� GH� PLVLRQDUL�� 'H� PkQXWD� WLQH� XQ� EHEHOXV� FDUH� GH� DELD� vQYDWDVH� VDPHDUJD��&H�IUXPRV�FD�O�DL�DGXV�VL�SH�IUDWLRUXO�WDX�OD�VFRDOD��]LFH�PLVLRQDUXO��$VWD�QX�L�IUDWLRUXO�PHX��]LFH�VFRODUXO��HVWH�JXVWDUHD�PHD�SHQWUX�SDX]D�PDUH�������ÌQ�MXQJOD�HFXDWRULDOD�XQ�WkQDU�FDQLEDO�IDFH�SH�FDYDOHUXO�FX�R�vQFkQWDWRDUH�FDQLEDOD��3RW�VD�YD�RIHU�EUDWXO�PHX��IUXPRDVD�GRPQLVRDUD"5XVLQDWD�DFHDVWD�UDVSXQGH��1X�PXOWXPHVF�DP�SUkQ]LW�GHMD������Ì�&H�H�XQ�FDYDOHU�vQ�DUPXUD�vQWU�XQ�VDW�GH�FDQLEDOL"5�&RQVHUYD�GH�FDUQH������Ì�&H�HVWH�XQ�DWOHW�SHQWUX�FDQLEDOL"5�)DVW�IRRG���&RSLOXO�GH�FDQLEDO�vVL�vQWUHDED�WDWDO��7DWD��'H�FH�QX�VH�SRDWH�IDFH�GLQ�SROLWLFLHQL�VXSD"�3HQWUX�FD�VXQW�UDVFRSWL�VL�VSDODWL�FX�WRDWH�DSHOH������2�FRPSDQLH�GH�FDQLEDOL�PDUVDOXLHVWH��8Q�DOE�PHUJH�SH�OkQJD�FRPSDQLH��9D]kQGO�XQ�FDQLEDO�vQWUHDED�FROHJXO��,�DX]L�"�'H�FkQG�DYHP�QRL�RILWHUL�DOEL"��1X��1X�L�XQ�RILWHU��H�SURYL]LD�GH�GUXP������'RL�FDQLEDOL�IDF�FRQYHUVDWLH��$�IRVW�VL�OD�WLQH�PLVLRQDUXO�DOD"�'D�D�IRVW�VL�OD�PLQH��6L�FXP�WH�DL�UHYDQVDW�SHQWUX�VIDWXULOH�SULPLWH"�/�DP�RSULW�OD�PDVD�GH�SUkQ]����%DQFXUL�FX�HYUHL��Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�HYUHX�VL�R�SkLQH�"5�3DLQHD�QX�GD�GLQ�SLFLRDUH�FkQG�H�EDJDWD�vQ�FXSWRU�

Page 188: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�HYUHX�VL�R�PLQJH�GH�EDVFKHW�"5�ÌQ�PLQJH�QX�VH�GD�FX�SLFLRUXO���Ì�&H�SDWHVWH�XQ�HYUHX�FDUH�PHUJH�FX�S D�VFXODWD�FDWUH�XQ�]LG"5�ÌVL�UXSH�QDVXO���Ì�&H�HVWH�GUDJRVWHD"5�2�QRWLXQH�LQYHQWDWD�GH�HYUHL�FD�VD�I WD�IDUD�EDQL���Ì�&XP�V�D�IRUPDW�0DUHOH�&DQLRQ"5�$�VFDSDW�XQ�HYUHX�R�PRQHGD�GH�XQ�SHQ\�vQWU�R�FUDSDWXUD�D�VROXOXL���Ì�&DUH�VvQW�FHOH�PDL�PDUL�VDUEDWRUL�DOH�HYUHLORU"5�6DEDWXO�VL�2VFDUXO���Ì�&DUH�H�FHO�PDL�VFXUW�EDQF�FX�HYUHL"5�1�DP���Ì�6WLWL�FDUH�L�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�JDLQD�VL�XQ�HYUHX"5�*DLQD�QX�XUOD�FkQG�R�EDJL�vQ�FXSWRU���'RL�HYUHL��0DL�,RVLI�WX�DL�PDVLQD"�$P��6L�HX�DP��GDU�XLWH�FD�$EUDP�QX�DUH��+DL�VD�VWUkQJHP�QRL�QLVWH�EDQL�VD�L�FXPSDUDP�VL�OXL����Ì�&XP�D�IRVW�IDEULFDWD�SHQWUX�SULPD�RDUD�VkUPD"5�8Q�VFRWLDQ�VL�XQ�HYUHX�DX�]DULW�SH�VWUDGD�R�PRQHGD�GH�XQ�SHQQ\����Ì�&H�HVWH�XQ�3HUSHWXXP�PRELOH"5�(VWH�XQ�VFRWLDQ�FDUH�DOHDUJD�GXSD�XQ�HYUHX�FDUH�vL�GDWRUHD]D����&HQWL����Ì�&H�HVWH�XQ�MLGDQ"5�8Q�HYUHX�FDUH�WRFPDL�D�LHVLW�SH�XVD����6H�vQWkOQHVF��vQWU�R�VHDUD�,W]LF�VL�6WUXO��FD�QX�VH�PDL�YD]XVHUD�GH�PXOWD�YUHPH��6WDX�HL�VL�vVL�DPLQWHVF�OXFUXUL�IUXPRDVH�GLQWLQHUHWH��PDL�EHDX�FHYD�PDL�YRUEHVF�GHVSUH�YLLWRU��PDL�EHDX�FHYD��VL�SkQD�OD�XUPD�VH�vPEDWD�DPkQGRL�,W]LF�]LFH��%DL�6WUXOH��LR�PD�GXF�DFDVD��6WDL�ED�,W]LF�OD�PLQH��GRUPL�DLFL��1X�VWDX�ED��PD�DVWHDSWD�QHYDVWD�PHD��SRDWH�L�PDL�GDX�VL�HX�R�SHGDOD��/DVD�ED��FD�WH�FXOF�FX�QHYDVWD�PHD��VL�GDFD�YUHL�SRWL�VD�R�I L��%LQH�EDL�6WUXOH��GDFD�VSXL�WX���$�GRXD�]L�GLPLQHDWD��6WUXO�VH�WUH]HD�GLQ�PDKPXUHDOD��DSDUH�VL�,W]LF��%DL�6WUXOH��DL�DYXW�R�LGHH� IDQWDVWLFD��P�DP�RGLKQLW�SHUIHFW��Q�DP�PDL�GRUPLW�GH�PXOW�DVD�ELQH�� VL�FD�YHQL�YRUED�� WDSDQD�HQHYDVWD�WD�DVWD�OD�SDW��'D�EDL�,W]LF��VL�WRW�DVD�WHDSDQD�H�GH�YUHR�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL����,W]DN�6FKOHVLQJHU���'RPQXO�6FKOHVLQJHU�YHQHD�VSUH�FDVD�OD���GLPLQHDWD��/D����GH�PHWUL�YHQHD�VSUH�HO�XQ�DOW�RP��1HDYkQG�FH�IDFH�vQFHSH�VD�VHJkQGHDVFD��'H�OD�VHUYLFL�QX�YLQH�FD�L�SUHD�WLU]LX��/D�VHUYLFL�QX�PHUJH�FD�L�SUHD�GHYUHPH��$WXQFL�YLQH�GH�OD�FXUYH��'DU�vQ�RUDVXO�DVWD�QX�VXQW�GRDU�WUHL�FXUYH��5DFKHOD��(OOD�VL�QHYDVWD�PHD��'H� OD�5DFKHOD� YLQH� HX��(OOD� H� vQ� VSLWDO� FX� VLILOLV�� $WXQFL� YLQH� GH� OD� QHYDVWD�PHD�� 'DU� OD� QHYDVWD�PHD� QX�PHUJ� GRDU� WUHLRDPHQL��(X��GDU�HX�VXQW�DLFL��6HIXO�PHX��GDU�QX�H�HO�FD�vO�FXQRVF��6L�GRPQXO�*ROGVWHLQ�SH�FDUH�QX�vO�FXQRVF��6H�DSURSLH�GH�RPXO�FDUH�YHQHD�VSUH�HO��WUHL�SDVL��GRL��XQXO�VL�VSXQH��%XQD�GLPLQHDWD�GRPQXOH�*ROGVWHLQ��%XQD�GLPLQHDWD��GDU�GH�XQGH�PD�FXQRDVWHWL"�(KHL����MXGHFDWD�ORJLFD���

Page 189: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���6FKORLPL�/LQGHQEHUJ�VH�GXFH�LQ�FRQFHGLX�FX�PDVLQD����ÌO�RSUHVWH�XQ�PLOLWLDQ���YHGH�FD�vL�HYUHX�VL�vO�DPHQGHD]D�H[SOLFkQG��6WLX�HX�FXP�VXQWHWL�YRL��HYUHLL����'LQ�FDX]D�YRDVWUD�D�SRUQLW�DO�GRLOHD�UD]ERL�PRQGLDO���&RQWLQXD�GUXPXO��QLFL�QX�DMXQJH�OD�XQ�NLORPHWUX�GH�RERUXO�GH�OD�,HULFKRQ�FD�O�VL�RSUHVWH�XQ�DOW�PLOLLDQ�ÌO�DPHQGHD]D�VL�]LFH��6WLX�HX�FXP�VXQWHWL�YRL��HYUHLL����'LQ�FDX]D�YRDVWUD�H�UD]ERL�vQ�*KD]D���3OHDFD�PDL�GHSDUWH��$O�WUHLOHD�PLOLWLDQ�vO�RSUHVWH�VL�vO�DPHQGHD]D��6WLX�HX�FXP�VXQWHWL�YRL��HYUHLL����'LQ�FDX]D�YRDVWUD�V�D�VFXIXQGDW�7LWDQLFXO�6FKORLPRYLFL�ULSRVWHD]D��'DU�QX�QRL�O�DP�VFXIXQGDW����$VWD�V�R�FUH]L�WX��3DL�FH�FUH]L��,FHEHUJ�QX�L�WRW�HYUHX�GH�DO�YRVWUX������ÌQ�IDWD�VLQDJRJLL�VWDX�GRL�FHUVHWRUL�RUEL��3H�XQXO�VFULH��&HUVHWRU�HYUHX��VL�SH�FHODODOW��&HUVHWRU�FUHVWLQ��,DVD�vQ�]L�GH�VDEDW�UDELQXO�GH�OD�VHUYLFLXO�GLYLQ�VL�vL�DUXQFD�R�VXWD�GH�OHL�FHOXL�SH�FDUH�VFULH��&HUVHWRUHYUHX��DSRL�vL�VSXQH�FHOXL�SH�FDUH�VFULD��&HUVHWRU�FUHVWLQ���0DL�RPXOH��QX�VWD�DLFL�FD�H�VLQDJRJD����'X�WH�VL�WX�OD�FDWHGUDOD�OD�DL�WDL�'XSD�FH�SOHDFD�UDELQXO�vL�]LFH��FHUVHWRUXO�FUHVWLQ��FHOXL��HYUHX���,�DX]L�PDL��6FKORLPL��PD��XLWH�FLQH�QH�vQYDWD�SH�QRL�VD�IDFHP�DIDFHUL����'RL�HYUHL�DX�PDJD]LQHOH�DOLPHQWDUH�YLV�D�YLV�ÌQWU�R�]L�DSDUH�OD�SULPXO�DILVDW�FD�DUH�]DKDU�GH�YDQ]DUH�FX������OHL�NJ��$�GRXD�]L�FHODODOW�VH�vQIXULH�VL�SXQH�XQ�DILV�SH�FDUHDSDUH������OHL�NJ�$�WUHLD�]L�SULPXO�SXQH�GLQ�QRX�XQ�SUHW�PDL�EXQ�������OHL�NJ��$�SDWUD�]L�DO�GRLOHD�DILVHD]D�XQ�SUHW�GH������OHL�NJ�ÌQ�VIDUVLW�vQ�D�FLQFHD�]L�SULPXO�VH�GXFH�vQ�SUDYDOLD�FHOXL�GH�DO�GRLOHD��'DU��LD�VSXQH�FXP�SRWL�VD�VFD]L�SUHWXO�vQ�DVD�KDO�FD�YRP�GD�IDOLPHQW�DPkQGRL���1RL�OXDP�]DKDUXO�FX�������(X�QX�FUHG�FD�YRL�GD�IDOLPHQW�SHQWUX�FD�QLFL�QX�DP�]DKDU�GH�YkQ]DUH��������7UHL�HYUHL�DX�PDJD]LQHOH�DODWXUDWH��3ULPXO�DUH�XQ�DILV�IRDUWH�PDUH�SH�FDUH�VFULH��$LFL�JDVLWL�SURGXVHOH�GH�FHD�PDL�EXQD�FDOLWDWH���$O�GRLOHD�DUH�XQ�DILV��SUREDELO�OD�IHO�GH�PDUH������$LFL�VXQW�FXPSDUDWL�OD�FHOH�PDL�PLFL�SUHWXUL���$O�WUHLOHD�DUH��ELQHDQWHOHV��VL�HO�XQ�DILV�I��PDUH��3H�DLFL�HVWH�LQWUDUHD������9LQH�XQ�H[WUDWHUHVWUX�SH�3DPkQW��PLF��YHUGH�VL� vPEUDFDW� vQ�DXU��VL� VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�QX SDPkQWHDQ��$FHVWD� vO� vQWUHDED�SHH[WUDWHUVWUX��%D�WRWL�VXQWHWL�DVD�PLFL"�'D�PD��6L�WRWL�VXQWHWL�YHUL��DVD"�'D��6L�FXP�WRWL�VXQWHWL�vPEUDFDWL�vQ�DXU"�1X��QXPDL�HYUHLL����9LQH�XQ�VROGDW�DFDVD�OD�XQ�HYUHX�VD�FHDUD�DGDSRVW�SHQWUX�R�QRDSWH��'RPQXOH��SXWHWL�VD�PD�FD]DWL�VL�SH�PLQH�SHQWUX�R�QRDSWH"�'RPQXOH��DYHP�GRDU�GRXD�SDWXUL��vQWU�XQ�SDW�GRUP�HX�VL�vQ�FHODODOW�GRDUPH�QHYDVWD�PHD��1X�FRQWHD]D��YD�FXOFDWL�FX�VRWLD�GXPQDYRDVWUD�vQWU�XQ�SDW�VL�HX�vQ�FHO�UDPDV�OLEHU��%LQH��GRPQXOH�'LQ�QHHIHULFLUH�VROGDWXO�VXIHUHD�GH�VFXODPHQW�LDU��vQ�WLPSXO�QRSWLL�SH�FkQG�VROGDWXO�vVL�IDFHD�VSDODWXUL�OD�VFXOD�VH�WUHHVWH�VRWXOVL�FUH]kQG�FD�VROGDWXO�DUH�JkQGXUL�QHFXUDWH�VSXVH�VRWLHL��)D�QYDVWD�VFRDOD�FD�DVWD�vVL�vQFDUFD�VFXOD�VL�QH�I WH�SH�DPkQGRL����&LFD��XQ�HYUHX�PRDUH�VL�DMXQJH�vQ�UDL�VL�PHUJH�OD�'XPQH]HX�VL�VSXQH��'RDPQH��YUHDX�VD�PD�SULPHVWL�vQ�UDL��%LQH�PDL��GDU�FH�DL�IDFXW�WX�FD�VD�WH�SULPHVF�vQ�UDL"�$P�GDW�XQ�OHX�OD�XQ�FHUVHWRU��%LQH��GDU�QX�L�GH�DMXQV��&H�DL�PDL�IDFXW"�$P�PDL�GDW�XQ�OHX�OD�XQ�FHUVHWRU��%DL��EUDYR��GDU�QX�L�GHVWXO��WL�DP�PDL�VSXV��'RDPQH��'RDPQH��GDU�DP�PDL�GDW�XQ�OHX�OD�XQ�FHUVHWRU��3HWUH��GD�L�OXDVWD���OHL�VL�GD�O�QDELL�DIDUD����ÌQWU�XQ�VDW�GH�HYUHL��8QXO�PDL�ERJDW�vVL�EDWH�MRF�GH�XQXO�PDL�VDUDF�� LDU� vQWHOHSWXO�VDWXOXL�DIOD�GH�DVWD�VL�O�FKHDPD�SH�FHOERJDW�OD�HO

Page 190: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

VL�L�VSXQH�VD�VH�GXFD�OD�FHO�VDUDF�VL�VD�L�FHDUD�LPHGLDW�VFX]H��GHRDUHFH�HL�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH�XQLWL�VL�OD�ELQH�VL�OD�UDX��VL�QX�WUHEXLH�VDUkGD�XQLL�GH�DOWLL��$WXQFL�FHO�ERJDW�VH�GXFH�vQVSUH�FDVD�FHOXL�VDUDF��FDUH�vQWUH�WLPS�DIODVH�FD�FHO�ERJDW�XUPHD]D�VD�YLQD�VL�VD�VLFHDUD�VFX]H�VL�O�vQWUHDED��1X�YD�VXSDUDWL��DLFL�ORFXLHVWH�IDPLOLD�6WHLQKDUG"�"���1X�"�9D�URJ�IUXPRV�VD�PD�VFX]DWL����'RL�FRSLL�GH�FLQFL�DQL��GLQWUH�FDUH�XQXO�HYUHX��VH�DIODX�vQ�DFHHDVL�FDPHUD�GH�VSLWDO��7X�SHQWUX�FH�HVWL�DLFL��vQWUHDED�FRSLOXO�HYUHX��&LUFXPFL]LH����UDVSXQGH�FHODODOW��2I��HX�DP�IDFXWD�DVWD�DFXP�FLQFL�DQL��VL�Q�DP�SXWXW�VD�PHUJ�WLPS�GH�XQ�DQ�GH�]LOH������+LWOHU�VWDWHD�SH�PDUJLQHD�XQHL�SUDSDVWLL�GH�OLQJD�ODJDUXO�GH�OD�$XVFKZLW]��/kQJD�HO�R�JUDPDGD�GH�HYUHL��7X��]LFH�+LWOHU�XQXL�HYUHX��ULGLFD�SLFLRUXO�VWLQJ�DVD�VL�vQWRDUFH�PkQD�VWkQJD�DVD��6L�DFXP�DUXQFD�WH�6H�DUXQFD�HYUHXO��+LWOHU�XUPDUHVWH�FX�PDUH�DWHQWLH�WUDVHXO��7X��]LFH�+LWOHU�DOWXL�HYUHX��ULGLFD�SLFLRUXO�GUHSW�DVD�VL�ULGLFD�PkLQLOH�DVD��6L�DFXP�DUXQFD�WH�6H�DUXQFD�VL�DVWD�vQ�WLPS�FH�+LWOHU�XUPDUHVWH�FX�PDUH�DWHQWLH�WUDVHXO��7X��]LFH�+LWOHU�DOWXL�HYUHX�ODVD�WH�SH�YLQH�FX�PkLQLOH�vQ�IDWD�DVD��6L�DFXP�DUXQFD�WH�6H�DUXQFD�VL�DVWD�vQ�WLPS�FH�+LWOHU�XUPDUHVWH�FX�PDUH�DWHQWLH�WUDVHXO�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VH�DSURSLH�XQ�VROGDW�JHUPDQ��+HLO�+LWOHU��+HLO��&H�V�D�QWLPSODW"�$�]LV�PDUHVDOXO�*RHULQJ��VD�YHQLWL�OD�&DUWLHUXO�*HQHUDO�LPHGLDW�FH�WHUPLQDWL�FX�7HWULV�XO����6�DX�vQWkOQLW�OD�R�EHUH�XQ�LQGLDQ��XQ�DUDE�VL�XQ�HYUHX��VL�V�DX�DSXFDW�HL�VD�SRYHVWHDVFD�FXP�O�D�DMXWDW�SH�ILHFDUH�'XPQH]HXOOXL�,QGLDQXO�VSXQH�FD�vQ�WLPSXO�XQHL�LQXQGDWLL�FXPSOLWH�V�D�UXJDW�OXL�%XGGKD�VL�GLQWU�R�GDWD�SH�R�UD]D�GH����GH�PHWUL�vQ�MXUXO�OXLV�D�IDFXW�VHQLQ�$UDEXO�SRYHVWHVWH�FXP�vQ�GHVHUW�FkQG�HUD�PRUW�GH�VHWH�L�V�D�UXJDW�OXL�$OODK�VL�GLQWU�R�GDWD�SH�R�UD]D�GH����GH�PHWUL�vQ�MXUXO�OXLD�vQFHSXW�VD�SORXD�9LQH�VL�HYUHXO�FDUH�SRYHVWHVWH�FD�vQ�]LXD�GH�VDEDW�FDQG�LHVHD�GLQ�VLQDJRJD�D�YD]XW�SH�MRV�XQ�SRUWRIHO�SOLQ�FX�EDQL�VL�L�V�D�UXJDWOXL�'XPQH]HX�VD�O�DMXWHVD�QX�SDFDWXLDVFD�WRFPDL�GH�VDEDW����VL�SH�R�UD]D�GH����GH�PHWUL�vQ�MXUXO�OXL�V�D�IDFXW�0LHUFXUL����8Q�HYUHX�VH�VLQXFLGH�VL�DMXQJH�vQ�IDWD�OXL�'XPQH]HX��&XP�WL�DL�SHUPLV��QX�VWLL�FD�HVWH�LQWHU]LV�VD�WH�VLQXFL]L"�3DL��VD�YH]L�'RDPQH��DP�VL�HX�XQ�ILX�VL�FX�WRW�FH�DP�IDFXW�SHQWUX�HO��WRW�V�D�FRQYHUWLW�OD�FUHVWLQLVP����'D�FH��DVWD�HVWH�PRWLY�GH�VLQXFLV"�]LFH�'RPQXO��8LWH��DP�DYXW�VL�HX�XQ�ILX�FDUH�D�WUHFXW�VL�HO�OD�FUHVWLQLVP��6L�FH�DL�IDFXW��'RDPQH"�"�(��FH�VD�IDF"�$P�IDFXW�XQ�QRX�WHVWDPHQW����'XPQH]HX�KRWDUDVWH�VD�VL�DOHDJD�XQ�SRSRU�DO�/8,��VD�ILH�SRSRUXO�VIkQW��0HUJH�OD�HJLSWHQL�VL�OH�]LFH���9UHDX�VD�YD�DOHJ�FD�VL�SRSRU�DO�PHX��GDU�WUHEXLH�VD�YD�GDX�QLVWH�SRUXQFL�(JLSWHQLL�Ì/�UHIX]D�SROLWLFRV��1X�QH�WUHEXLH�SRUXQFL�0HUJH�OD�IHQLFLHQL�FX�DFHHDVL�SURSXQHUH��VL�REWLQH�DFHODVL�UHIX]��ÌQ�VIkUVLW�PHUJH�OD�HYUHL�VL�]LFH��9UHDX�VD�YD�DOHJ�FD�VL�SRSRU�DO�PHX��GDU�WUHEXLH�VD�YD�GDX�QLVWH�SRUXQFL�(YUHLL��6XQW�SH�GH�JUDWLV�'RDPQH"�'D��$WXQFL�GD�QH�]HFH������0RLVH�VH�vQWRDUFH�GH�SH�PXQWH�FX�SRUXQFLOH�VL�YRUEHVWH�SRSRUXOXL�VDX��$P�GRXD�YHVWL�SHQWUX�YRL��XQD�EXQD�VL�XQD�SURDVWD�&HD�EXQD�HVWH�FD�DP�UHXVLW�VD�PD�WkUJXL�FX�(/�SkQD�DX�UDPDV�QXPDL�]HFH�&HD�SURDVWD���6D�QX�WL�vQVHOL�SDUWHQHUXO��D�UDPDV�SULQWUH�HOH����8Q�DPHULFDQ��XQ�QHDPW��XQ�HYUHX�VL�XQ�QHJUX�SULQ�SDGXUH��&DGH�R�RPLGD�SH�DPHULFDQ��DVWD�R�DUXQFD�SH�QHDPW��DVWD�SHHYUHX�DVWD�SH�QHJUX��1HJUXO�R�LD�VL�R�PDQkQFD��&DGH�DOWD�RPLGD�SH�DPHULFDQ��$VWD�R�DUXQFD�SH�QHDPW��DVWD�SH�HYUHX��LDU�HYUHXO�VSUHQHJUX��1X�FXPSHUL�R�RPLGD"

Page 191: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���ÌQWU�XQ�WUHQ��vQ�$PHULFD��IDWD�vQ�IDWD��XQ�HYUHX�VL�XQ�SDVWRU��0LUDW��HYUHXO�vO�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�SXUWDWL�JXOHUXO�FX�VSDWHOH�vQ�IDWD"�3HQWUX�FD�VXQW�3DULQWH��vO�ODPXUHVWH�SDVWRUXO�6L�HX�VXQW�SDULQWH��DP�XQ�FRSLO��vQVD�QX�SRUW�JXOHUXO�DVWIHO��6H�SRDWH��UDVSXQGH�SDVWRUXO��vQVD�HX�VvQW�3DULQWH�SHQWUX�PLL�GH�RDPHQL��$WXQFL��UDVSXQGH�HYUHXO��SRDWH�DU�IL�PDL�ELQH�VD�SXUWDWL�SDQWDORQLL�FX�VSDWHOH�vQ�IDWD����8Q�HYUHX�vVL�OXD�FX�HO�PkQFDUHD�VD�R�PDQkQFH�vQ�SDUF��6�D�DVH]DW�SH�R�EDQFD�VL�D�vQFHSXW�VD�PDQkQFH�6L�GLQ�FDX]D�FD�HYUHLL�QX�PDQvQFD�SkLQH�FRDSWD�vQ�WLPSXO�VDUEDWRULORU��HO�PvQFD�0DW]RK��R�EXFDWD�GH�FRFDFURFDQWD��FX�]HFL�GH�SHUIRUDWLL�PLFL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��YLQH�VL�XQ�EDWUvQHO�RUE�VL�VH�DVHD]D�FKLDU�OkQJD�HYUHX�$FHVWD��VLPWLQGX�VH�MHQDW�FD�PDQkQFD�GH�XQXO�VLQJXU��vL�GD�R�EXFDWD�GH�0DW]RK�VL�EDWUkQHOXOXL��2UEXO�LD�SkLQHDvQ�PkQD��VWD�FkWHYD�PLQXWH�IDUD�VD�]LFD�QLPLF��LDU�DSRL���GLQWU�RGDWD��FX�R�IDWD�IRDUWH�QDXFLWD��L]EXFQHVWH��&LQH�D�PDL�VFULV�VL�WvPSHQLD�DVWD"���&LFD�,W]LF�VL�5DVKHOD�DYHDX����FRSLL��1X�PDL�DYHDX�GHVWXOD�PkQFDUH�VD�GHD�OD�WRWL�SXUDGHLL�DVD�FD�V�D�JkQGLW�,W]LF�VD�IDFDHFRQRPLH�vQ�IDPLOLH�ÌQWU�R�VHDUD�VL�D�DGXQDW�SOR]LL�VL�OH�D�]LV��%DL��FDUH�QX�PDQkQFD�DVWD�VHDUD�SULPHVWH������GH�VKHNHOL�$LD�XUOD�GH�IHULFLUH��VL�VDU�VD�VL�SULPHDVFD�EDQLL��6H�FXOFD�QHPkQFDWL�VL�DVWHDSWD�FX�vQIULJXUDUH�GHMXQXO�GH�D�GRXD�]L�GLPLQHDWD�$�GRXD�]L�SXUDGHLL�IXJ�OD�,W]LF�VD�FHDUD�GH�PLQFDUH��,W]LF�VWD�XQ�SLF��VH�JkQGHVWH�VL�]LFH��(K��DFXP�FLQH�YUHD�VD�PDQkQFH��GD�FHL������GH�VKHNHOL�vQDSRL��������VHDUD��6H�IRUPHD]D�vQFHW��vQFHW�FRDGD�OD�FDUQH���OD�PLH]XO�QRSWLL�HUDX�VXWH����6RVHVWH�R�'DFLH�QHDJUD��8Q�WLS�EDWRV��vQ�KDLQD�GH�SLHOH��FRERDUD�VL�VSXQH�PXOWLPLL��(YUHLL�VD�SOHFH�DFDVD��Q�DYHP�FDUQH�GHFDW�SHQWUX�URPDQL�3OHDFD�R�SDUWH��3OHDFD�VL�EDWRVXO��3H�OD���GLPLQHDW]D��VRVHVWH�GLQ�QRX�VL�]LFH��3HQVLRQDULL�Q�DX�FH�FDXWD�OD�FRDGD��9LQGHP�FDUQH�QXPD�OD�RDPHQLL�PXQFLL�0DL�SOHDFD�R�SDUWH��3OHDFD�VL�EDWRVXO��5HYLQH�SH�OD���GLPLQHDWD��&DUQHD�VH�YLQGH�QXPDL�OD�PHPEULL�GH�SDUWLG��SH�ED]D�FDUQHWXOXL�GH�SDUWLG�0DL�SOHDFD�R�SDUWH��%DWRVXO�UHYLQH�SH�OD�FLQFL�GLPLQHDWD�VL�]LFH��7RYDUDVL��DFXPD�FD�VXQWHP�vQWUH�QRL��SRW�VD�YD�VSXQ�DGHYDUXO��3OHFDWL�FX�WRWLL�DFDVD���$VWD]L�QX�EDJD�FDUQH�/D�FDUH��XQX��PDL�vQGUD]QHW�VH�UHYROWD��7RYDUDVX���'D�SkQD�FDQG�YRU�IL�IDYRUL]DWL�HYUHLL�vQ�WDUD�DVWD"���5DVHOD�vL�]LFH�OXL�,WLF��0D�,WLF��P�DP�JvQGLW�ELQH�VL�DP�KRWDUkW�VD�GLYRUWH]��&XP�DVD��PDL�5DVHOD��GXSD����GH�DQL�GH�FDVDWRULH"�'DU�FH�WL�YHQL"�3DL�WX�WL�GDL�VHDPD��PDL�,WLF��FD�vQ����GH�DQL�WX�QX�PL�DL�FXPSDUDW�QLFLRGDWD�QLPLF"�3DL�QX�PL�DL�VSXV�QLFLRGDWD�FD�DL�DYHD�FHYD�GH�YkQ]DUH����,WLF�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�UDELQ��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�vQ�DQXO������YD�IL�XQ�UD]ERL�PDUH�VL�VIkUVLWXO�OXPLL"�1XXXX�L�DGHYDUDW��ÌQ�DQXO������YD�IL�R�FRQWLQXD�OXSWD�SHQWUX�SDFH��9D�H[LVWD�R�VLQJXUD�WDUD��8566�&DSLWDOD�YD�IL�OD�:DVKLQJWRQ�VL�YD�IL�FRQGXVD�GH�GRL�FKLQH]L��,WDF�VL�6ORLP����,WLF�VL�6WUXO�HUDX�SULHWHQL��0RDUH�6WUXO��,WLF�VH�GXFH�OD�PLFD�SXEOLFLWDWH�VD�GHD�XQ�IHUSDU��6FULH���6WUXO�PRUW��)XQFWLRQDUD�vL�VSXQH��2ULFXP�VH�WD[HD]D�SH�PLQLPXP���FXYLQWH�,WLF�VH�JvQGHVWH�VL�VFULH���6WUXO�PRUW�YkQG�7UDEDQW�������,WLF�VXQD�OD�6HFXULWDWH��$OR��YHGHWL�FD�6WUXO�DUH�QLVWH�OHPQH���6L�FH�H�FX�DVWD"�$�JDXULW�VL�D�LQWURGXV�vQ�ILHFDUH�OHPQ�ELMXWHULL��GLDPDQWH��GRODUL�VL��SUREDELO��FHYD�PXQLWLH�DGXVD�GLQ�$PHULFD��GH�OD�IUDWHOHOXL�$SRL�vO�VXQD�SH�6WUXO��0D�GRELWRFXOH��SUHJDWHVWH�WH�FV�DP�WULPLV�VD�WL�VSDUJD�OHPQHOH��3H�FLQH�"�3H�DLD�FDUH�PL�L�DL�WULPLV�WX�DQXO�WUHFXW�GH�PL�DX�VDSDW�JUDGLQD����Ì�'H�FH�DX�LQYHQWDW�HYUHLL�FDVDWRULD"5�&D�VD�QX�PDL�GHD�EDQL�SH�FXUYH�

Page 192: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���Ì�&H�]LFH��0RVXO�*HULOD��HYUHX�vQ�WLPSXO�&UDFLXQXOXL"5��'RUHVWH�FLQHYD�VD�FXPSHUH�FDGRXUL"������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�HYUHLFD�VL�R�PH[LFDQFD"5�0H[LFDQFD�DUH�FX�DGHYDUDW�XQ�RUJDVP�VL�IDOVLILFD�JLXYDHUXUL����Ì�&XP�V�D�VWDELOLW�FD�,VXV�HUD�HYUHX"5��$�WUDLW�vQ�FDVD�SDULQWHDVFD�SkQD�OD����GH�DQL���5��6�D�DPHVWHFDW�vQ�DIDFHULOH�WDWDOXL�VDX���5��0DPD�VD�D�FUH]XW�FD�H�'XPQH]HX���5�����VL�HO�D�FUH]XW�FD�PDPD�VD�D�IRVW�YLUJLQD������Ì�'H�FUHG�HYUHLFHOH�FD�SURVWLWXWLD�H�R�DIDFHUH�EXQD"5�2�DL��R�YLQ]L�SH�EDQL�EXQL�VL�vQFD�R�DL������Ì�'H�FH�DX�UDWDFLW�HYUHLL����GH�DQL�SULQ�GHVHUW"5�&LQHYD�D��SLHUGXW�XQ�SHQQ\������Ì�&H�UH]XOWD�GDFD�vQFUXFLVH]L�XQ�HYUHX�FX�XQ�WLJDQ"5�8Q�ODQW�GH�PDJD]LQH�JRDOH������Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�GRODULL�YHU]L"5�3HQWUX�FD�HYUHLL�vL�FXOHJ�vQDLQWH�GH�D�IL�FRSWL������Ì�'H�FH�DX�HYUHLL�QDVXULOH�DVD�GH�PDUL"5�3HQWUX�FD�DHUXO�H�SH�JUDWLV������Ì�&kQG�GHYLQH�XQ�IDW�HYUHX�R�SHUVRDQD"��GXSD�SUHVFULSWLD�UHOLJLHL�5��&kQG�WHUPLQD�GUHSWXO������Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�VLQDJRJLOH�URWXQGH"5�3HQWUX�FD�HYUHLL�VD�QX�DLEH�XQGH�VD�VH�DVFXQGD�DWXQFL�FkQG�VH�XPEOD�FX�FKHWD�SHQWUX�VLQDJRJD������Ì�&XP�VH�]LFH��'XWHQ�S D�PDWLL��SH�HYUHLHVWH"5��$L�vQFUHGHUH�vQ�PLQH�����Ì�&XP�SRWL�vPSLHGLFD�R�WkQDUD�HYUHLFD�VD�WH�YLROH]H"5�&DVDWRUHVWH�WH�FX�HD������Ì�&XP�UHFXQRVWL�R�VRDFUD�HYUHLFD�OD�R�QXQWD"5�(�DFHHD�FDUH�VWD�vQ�SDWUX�ODEH�VL�DGXQD�JUkXO�GH�SH�MRV��vQ�XUPD�PLULORU������Ì�'DFD�7DU]DQ�VL�-DQH�DU�IL�IRVW�HYUHL�FH�DU�IL�IRVW�&KHHWDK"5�2�KDLQD�GH�EODQD�����Ì�&XP�VH�GHILQQHVWH�XQ�HYUHX�VWUDQLX"5�8QXO�FDUXLD�vL�SODF�PDL�PXOW�IHPHLOH�GHFkW�EDQLL������Ì�&H�IDF���HYUHL�FkQG�VH�vQWkOQHVF"5�8Q�VDSXQ�)$����,WLF�WvQDU��GH����GH�DQL��VH�GXFH�VD�VH�URDJH�OD�=LGXO�3OvQJHULL��'D�'RDPQH�VD�FvVWLJ�OD�/R]�vQ�3OLF�0DL�vQDLQWHD]D�HYUHXO�QRVWUX�vQ�YvUVWD��vVL�IDFH�IDPLOLH��FRSLL��WLPS�vQ�FDUH�VH�WRW�UXJD��'D�'RDPQH�VD�FvVWLJ�OD�/R]�vQ�3OLF�ÌPEDWUvQHVWH�,WLF��L�VH�DOEHVF�VSUvQFHQHOH��SDUXO��vL�WUHPXUDX�JHQXQFKLL�(O�PHUJHD�vQ�ILHFDUH�]L�OD�=LGXO�3OvQJHULL�VL�VH�UXJD��'D�'RDPQH�VD�FvVWLJ�OD�/R]�vQ�3OLF�ÌQ�DFHVW�PRPHQW�FHUXO�VH�vQWXQHFD��DSDU�IXOJHUH�SH�FHU��QRUL�JURVL�VL�R�YRFH�WXQDWRDUH�vL�VSXQH��,WLF��GD�PL�R�VDQVD��-2$&$����,WLF�VH�GXFH�OD�YHFLQXO�VDX��6WUXO��VL�O�vQWUHDED��0DL�6WUXO��vWL�SODF�IHPHLOH�FDUH�DX�EXUWD�PDUH�FkW�XQ�EXWRL"

Page 193: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�1X��YLQH�UDVSXQVXO�SURPSW��ÌWL�SODF�IHPHLOH�FDUH�DX�GLQWLL�VWULFDWL"�1X��&H�GUDFX��,WLF�"�ÌWL�SODF��SRDWH��FHOH�FDUH�DX�IXQGXO�PDUH��JUDV�VL�SOLQ�GH�FHOXOLWD"�1X��&XP�QDLED�VD�PL�SODFD"�VSXQH�6WUXO�RULSLODW��'DU�FHOH�FX�YDULFH"�,WLF��GHMD�PD�HQHUYH]L��$WXQFL��VSXQH�PL�VL�PLH�GH�FH�GUDFX�WH�FXOFL�FX�QHYDVWD�PHD��5DVHOD"���3ULPXO�PLQLVWUX�DO�,VUDHOXOXL�YL]LWHD]D�6WDWHOH�8QLWH�VL�VH�vQWvOQHVWH�FX�SUHVHGLQWHOH�'XSD�R�GLVFXWLH�IRDUWH�FRUGLDOD��]LFH�SUHVHGLQWHOH�6WDWHORU�8QLWH��ÌQ�VHPQ�GH�SULHWHQLH��YUHDX�VD�WL�GDX�FDGRX�R�PDVLQD��1X�SRW�SULPL��]LFH�SULPXO�PLQLVWUX�DO�,VUDHOXOXL��HX�VvQW�SROLWLFLDQ�VL�VH�YD�VSXQH�FD�DP�SULPLW�PLWD��$WXQFL��SODWHVWH�PL��&kW"�=HFH�GRODUL�6H�FDXWD�SULPXO�PLQLVWUX�DO�,VUDHOXOXL�SULQ�EX]XQDUH��JDVHVWH�R�EDQFQRWD�GH�GRXD]HFL�GH�GRODUL�VL�L�R�GD�SUHVHGLQWHOXL�6WDWHORU8QLWH�6H�FDXWD�SUHVHGLQWHOH�6WDWHORU�8QLWH�SULQ�EX]XQDUH�VL�QX�JDVHVWH�]HFH�GRODUL��VD�GHD�UHVWXO��1X�L�QLPLF��VSXQH�SULPXO�PLQLVWUX�DO�,VUDHOXOXL��PDL�GD�R�PDVLQD����6H�GXFH�6WUXO�OD�UDEL�VL�vL�VSXQH��5DEL�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FHYD�vQJUR]LWRU��6�DX�GHVFKLV�GRXD�VXSHUPDUNHWXUL�OkQJD�PDJD]LQDVXO�PHX�8QXO�OD�VWkQJD�VL�XQXO�OD�GUHDSWD��&H�DV�SXWHD�IDFH"�1LFL�R�SUREOHPD��]LFH�UDEL��VFULH�FX�OLWHUH�PDUL�SH�XVD�PDJD]LQXOXL�WDX��,QWUDUH�����7DWDO�OXL�6WUXO�H�HYUHX�VL�PDPD�VD�WLJDQFD��ÌQWU�R�]L�YLQH�6WUXO�OD�PDPD�VD�VL�]LFH��0DPD��HX�VXQW�PDL�PXOW�HYUHX�VDX�PDL�PXOW�WLJDQ"�1X�VWLX�6WUXO��]LVH�PDPD��'X�WH�vQWUHDED�O�SH�WDLFD�WDX��8QGH�L�WDWD"�ÌQ�VXIUDJHULH�LVL�FDXWD�PRQHGD�GH�����GH�OHL�FDUH�D�SLHUGXW�R�LHUL�6H�GXFH�6WUXO�OD�WDWD�VDX�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��7DWD�SRDWH�SRWL�WX�VD�PL�GDL�XQ�UDVSXQV�OD�vQWUHEDUHD�DVWD��HX�VXQW�PDL�PXOW�HYUHX�VDX�PDL�PXOW�WLJDQ"�1X�VWLX�GDU�GH�FH�vQWUHEL"�8Q�EDLDW�FDUH�ORFXLHVWH�FX�QRL�SH�VWUDGD�vVL�YLQGH�ELFLFOHWD��LDU�HX�QX�VWLX�FH�VD�IDF��VD�vQFHUF�VD�PD�WRFPHVF�VDX�VD�DVWHSWSkQD�OD�QRDSWH�VL�VD�L�R�IXU������8Q�HYUHX�EDWUkQ�VL�XQXO�WkQDU�FDODWRUHVF�FX�WUHQXO��7kQDUXO�vQWUHDED��&kW�H�FHDVXO"%DWUkQXO�QX�UDVSXQGH��0D�VFX]DWL��GRPQXOH��FkW�H�FHDVXO"%DWUkQXO�WDFH�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH��'RPQXOH�DP�vQWUHEDW�FkW�H�FHDVXO��'H�FH�QX�UDVSXQGHWL"/D�FDUH�EDWUkQXO��7LQHUH�XUPDWRDUHD�VWDWLH�H�FDSDW�GH�OLQLH��1X�WH�FXQRVF�DVD�FD�WUHEXLH�FD�QX�HVWL�GH�SULQ�SDUWHD�ORFXOXL�'DFD�vWL�UDVSXQG�WUHEXLH�VD�WH�LQYLW�OD�PLQH�DFDVD��(VWL�FKLSHV�VL�HX�DP�R�IDWD�IUXPRDVD�3UREDELO�FD�YD�YHWL�vQGUDJRVWL�XQXO�GH�FHODODOW�VL�R�VD�YUHWL�VD�YD�FDVDWRULWL�6SXQH�PL�XQ�PRWLY�SHQWUX�FDUH�PL�DU�WUHEXL�XQ�JLQHUH�FDUH�QX�vVL�SRDWH�SHUPLWH�QLFL�PDFDU�XQ�FHDV����9LQH�'XPQH]HX�OD�LWDOLHQL�VL�]LFH��9UHWL�VD�YD�GDX�SRUXQFLOH�PHOH"�'D�QH�'RDPQH�XQ�H[HPSOX��6D�QX�XFL]L�����,PSRVLELO�'RDPQH��QX�OH�YUHP�6H�GXFH�'XPQH]HX�OD�IUDQFH]L��9UHWL�VD�YD�GDX�SRUXQFLOH�PHOH"�'D�QH�'RDPQH�XQ�H[HPSOX��6D�QX�SUHDFXUYHVWL�����$VWD�QX�VH�SRDWH�'RDPQH��QX�OH�YUHP�6H�GXFH�OD�WLJDQL��9UHWL�VD�YD�GDX�SRUXQFLOH�PHOH"�'D�QH�'RDPQH�XQ�H[HPSOX��6D�QX�IXUL����

Page 194: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�,PSRVLELO�'RDPQH��QX�OH�YUHP�6H�GXFH�'XPQH]HX�OD�HYUHL��9UHWL�VD�YD�GDX�SRUXQFLOH�PHOH"�&kW�FRVWD��'RDPQH��6XQW�SH�JUDWLV�"��'H�QHFUH]XW��DWXQFL�GD�QH�'RDPQH�]HFH������,WLF�VL�6WUXO�vVL�SRYHVWHVF�YLVHOH��6H�IDFHD�FD�PL�D�YHQLW�SRIWD�GH�ERUV���]LFH�,WLF��$P�SXV�FDUQHD�OD�ILHUW�VL�IXJD�vQ�SLDWD�GXSD�PDUDU��GDU�GH�XQGH"�ÌQ�SLDWD�QLFLXQ�ILU�GH�PDUDU�$WXQFL�DP�OXDW�DYLRQXO�VL�DP�SOHFDW�vQ�&DQDGD�GXSD�PDUDU���)OHDFXUL��]LFH�6WUXO��6D�YH]L�FH�YLV�DP�DYXW�HX��6H�IDFHD�FD�GRUPHDP�VL�DXG�XQ�FLRFDQLW�vQ�XVD��'HVFKLG�VL�FLQH�FUH]L�FD�PLFDGH�GH�JkW"�&ODXGLD&DUGLQDOH���&ODXGLWD��DX]L"�$�IRVW�R�QHEXQLH��/D�GHVSDUWLUH��PL�D�GHFODUDW�FX�PkQD�SH�LQLPD�FD�HVWH�FHD�PDL�IHULFLWD�IHPHLHGLQ�OXPH�'DU�DELD�D�SOHFDW�VL�DXG�DOW�FLRFDQLW�vQ�XVD��&kQG��GHVFKLG��VD�FDG�MRV�QX�DOWD��&LQH�FUH]L��FD�HUD"�9HFKHD�PHD�SDVLXQH��6RILD/RUHQ��6RILFD��DX]L"'HVL�HUDP�HSXL]DW��GUDJRVWHD�PL�D�WXUQDW�QRL�SXWHUL�vQ�YLQH�VL�P�DP�SXUWDW�FD�XQ�SHUIRUPHU��DP�LXELW�R�FX�SDWLPD�GXUHURDVDSH�6RILFD��'XSD�FH�D�SOHFDW�DP�vQFXLDW�XVD�VL�VH�IDFHD�FD�P�DP�FXOFDW�GLQ�QRX�FX�JkQGXO�VD�QX�PDL�GDX�GUXPXO�OD�QLPHQL��'DU�EDWDLOH�vQ�XVD�V�DX�vQWHWLWGLQ�QRX�0L�DP� ]LV� KRWDUkW� FD� QX� PDL� SULPHVF� SH� QLPHQL� VL� DVD� DP� IDFXW�� &LQH� FUH]L� FD� HUD� QHQRURFRDVD"� %ULJLWWH� %DUGRW�� 'DUVSXVHVHP�QX�VL��QX��D�IRVW�$�LQVLVWDW�HD�FX�YRUEH�IUXPRDVH��FX�JHVWXUL�LQFLWDQWH��GDU�HX�DP�IRVW�LQFRUXSWLELO�VL�DP�GDW�R�DIDUD��'RELWRFXOH��VH�VXSDUD�,WLF��GH�FH�Q�DL�DGXV�R�OD�PLQH�"�3DL��GH�XQGH�VD�WH�LDX��GUDJXO�PHX��QX�HUDL�SOHFDW�vQ�&DQDGD�GXSD�PDUDU"����)LLFD�PHD�ORFXLHVWH�vQWU�XQ�DSDUWDPHQW�FX�HWDM�vQ�0LDPL��UDSRUWHD]D�5DVHOD�SULHWHQHL�HL�(D�PHUJH�VD�PDQkQFH�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�vQ�DOW�UHVWDXUDQW��DUH�QLVWH�WRDOHWH�H[WUDRUGLQDUH�VL�R�JUDPDGD�GH�SULHWHQL�/D�FDUH�SULHWHQD��6L�ILFD�PHD�H�WRW�R�SURVWLWXDWD������8Q�SRSD�FDWROLF�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�UDEL��&kQG�R�VD�PDQkQFL�VL�WX�RGDWD�FDUQH�GH�SRUF"�/D�QXQWD�GXPLWDOH��VILQWLD�WD����8Q�SRSD�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�UDEL�VL�L�VSXQH��+HL��UDEL�DP�YLVDW�D]L�QRDSWH�FD�PD�DIODP�vQ�UDLXO�HYUHLHVF�$VD�PXOWD�OXPH��*DODJLH�VL�XQ�PLURV�GH�XVWXURL�GH�QX�O�SXWHDL�VXSRUWD��'D��]LFH�UDEL��VL�HX�DP�YLVDW�D]L�QRDSWH�FD�PD�DIODP�vQ�UDLXO�FUHVWLQHVF�2�WDFHUH�GH�YLV��$VD�XQ�PLURV�SODFXW��'D�FD�vQ�SXVWLX��1LFL�XQ�RP�vQDXQWUX����8Q�SRSD�FDWROLF�XQXO�HYDQJKHOLF�VL�XQ�UDEL�PHUJ�vQ�GUXPHWLH��/D�XQ�ODF�VH�RSUHVF�HL�VL�VH�VFDOGD�vQ�FRVWXPXO�OXL�$GDP�'LQWU�R�GDW�VXQW�VXUSULQVL�GH�XQ�JUXS�GH�IHPHL��ÌVL�LDX�FX�WRWLL�KDLQHOH�VL�IXJ�vQ�WXIH�3RSLL�vVL�DFRSHUD�FX�KDLQHOH�SDUWLOH�UXVLQRDVH�SH�FkQG�UDEL�vVL�DFRSHUD�IDWD�VL�IXJH�vQ�VSDWHOH�FHORU�GRL�$FHVWLD�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�UDEL�GH�FH�VL�D�DFRSHULW�IDWD��$FHVWD�UDVSXQGH��'D��GH�IDSW�HX�QX�VWLX�FXP�H�SH�OD�YRL��GDU�FHL�GLQ�SDURKLD�PHD�PD�UHFXQRVF�GXSD�IDWD������ÌQYDWDWRDUHD�OD�VFRDOD�RUJDQL]HD]D�XQ�FRQFXUV�FDUH�DUH�FD�SUHPLX�R�FXWLH�PDUH�GH�ERPERDQH��&LQH�VWLH�FDUH�D�IRVW�RPXO�GHVSUH�FDUH�V�D�YRUELW�FHO�PDL�PXOW�GH�D�OXQJXO�LVWRULHL",RQHO��/DG\��'��'D�,RQHO��VL�/DG\��'��D�IRVW�XQ�SHUVRQDM�FXQRVFXW�GDU�QX�GHVSUH�HD�HVWH�YRUED��$OWFLQHYD�0DULD��%LOO�&OLQWRQ��ÌQWU�DGHYDU�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�HVWH�XQ�SHUVRQDM�FXQRVFXW��HVWH�SUHVHGLQWHOH�FHOHL�PDL�SXWHUQLFH�WDUL�GLQ�OXPH��GDU�QX�GHVSUH�HO�HVWHYRUED�,WLF��,VXV�+ULVWRV��%UDYR�PDL�,WLF��$VD�HVWH��7RWXVL�VSXQH�PL�VL�PLH�GH�FkQG�SkQD�FkQG�WX�VWLL�GH�,VXV�+ULVWRV��3DUFD�YRL�VXQWHWL�FX�0RLVH"�0RLVH�LV�0RLVH��EXVLQHVV�LV�EXVLQHVV����8Q�HYUHX�VH�GXFH�OD�UDELQ��VL�vL�VSXQH�

Page 195: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�5DEEL��QX�VWLX� FH�VD�PD�IDF�FX�ILXO�PHX��SHQWUX�FD�GHVL� O�DP�FUHVFXW� vQ� VSLULWXO� UHOLJLHL�PR]DLFH� VL�DP�DYXW�JULMD�FD�HO�VDUHVSHFWH�PHUHX�FDLOH�VL�OHJLOH�LXGDLFH��PL�D�VSXV�FD�YUHD�VD�GHYLQD�FUHVWLQ��&X�FH�DP�JUHVLW"/D�FDUH�UDELQXO�UDVSXQGH��(�LQWHUHVDQW�FD�PD�vQWUHEL�WRFPDL�SH�PLQH��SHQWUX�FD�VL�HX�O�DP�FUHVFXW�SH�ILXO�PHX�FkW�DP�SXWXW�GH�ELQH��VL�O�DP�vQJULMLW��VLDP�DYXW�JULMD�VD�UHVSHFWH�&$/($��GDU�VL�HO�PL�D�VSXV�FD�YUHD�VD�GHYLQD�FUHVWLQ��%LQH��VL�FH�DWL�IDFXW"�$P�FDXWDW�UDVSXQVXO�OD�'XPQH]HX��6L"�6L�(O�PL�D�UDVSXQV���(�LQWHUHVDQW�FD�PD�vQWUHEL�WRFPDL�SH�PLQH��SHQWUX�FD�VL�HX�������ÌQ�ODJDUXO�GH�FRQFHQWUDUH��YLQH�JDUGLDQX��%D�EDLHWL��DP�R�YHVWH�EXQD�VL�XQD�UHD��DLD�EXQD�H�FD�GLVHDUD�VH�GD�GLVFRWHFD��DLD�UHD�H�FD�6FKZDUW]�FkQWD�OD�PLWUDOLHUD����$FHODVL�ODJDU��DFHLDVL�HYUHL����YLQH�JDUGLDQXO��%D��EDLHWL��DP�R�YHVWH�EXQD�VL�XQD�UHD��DLD�EXQD�H�FD�PkLQH�MXPDWDWH�GLQ�YRL�SOHFDWL�DFDVD��DLD�UHD�H�FD�QXPDL�MXPDWDWHD�GHVXV����$FHODVL�ODJDU��DFHLDVL�HYUHL����YLQH�JDUGLDQXO��$]L�YHWL�IDFH�EDLH���%XFXULH�OD�FXOPH����ÌQ�ED]LQXO�FX�DFLG�VXOIXULF����+LWOHU�VH�GXFH�OD�DVWURORJXO�VDX�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�FvQG�YD�PXUL��$FHVWD��GXSD�FH�vL�FRQVXOWD�KDUWD�DVWUDOD��vL�VSXQH��9HL�PXUL�vQWU�R�]L�GH�VDUEDWRDUH�HYUHLDVFD��&XP�DVD"�3DL�vQ�RULFH�]L�DL�PXUL��YD�IL�R�VDUEDWRDUH�HYUHLDVFD������,W]LF�vVL�FkVWLJD�VL�HO�SkLQHD�FX�YLRDUD��&X�WLPSXO�D�REVHUYDW�FX�JURD]D��FD�GH�FkWH�RUL�DWDFD�3DJDQLQL��L�VH��SDUGRQ��VFXOD�'LVSHUDW�VH�GXFH�OD�6ORLP��6D�YH]L��6ORLPDOD��DVD�VL�DVD��XQHRUL�PL�VH�vQWkPSOD�SH�VFHQD�VL�PL�H�UXVLQH��FD�YHGH�OXPHD��,D�FkQWD��]LFH�6ORLP�,W]LF�WUDJH�FkWHYD�DFRUGXUL��R�SDWHVWH�VL�6ORLP��0DL�VD�ILH��KDL�VD�O�vQWUHEDP�SH�UDEL��5DEL�XLWH�FH�VH�vQWkPSOD��HWF��,D�FkQWD�,W]LF�&kQWD�,W]LF��WRWL�REVHUYD�QHIHULFLWXO�HIHFW��6WD�UDEL��VWD�VL�PHGLWHD]D�DGkQF��'XSD�XQ�WLPS�]LFH��,W]LF��WDWD��QX�PL�GDX�VHDPD��GDU�FUHG�F�DU�SXWHD�IL�DVD��2UL�QRL�DYHP�QLVWH�VXOH�PHORPDQH��RUL�WX�FkQWL�FD�R�S GD����5DVHOD�PHUJH�OD�UDELQ��5DEL��FH�VD�IDF��QX�PL�DMXQJH�EDUEDWX�PHX����5DVHOD�GUDJD��LD�WL�XQ�DPDQW��GDU�ILL�GLVFUHWD��FDFL�SDFHD�IDPLOLHL�H�PDL�LPSRUWDQWD�FD�RULFH�7UHFH�R�OXQD����5DEL��FH�PD�IDF"�0L�DP�OXDW�DPDQW�VL�QX�PL�DMXQJH��5DVHOD��PDL�LD�WL�XQXO��GDU�FX�GLVFUHWLH�0DL�WUHFH�R�OXQD����5DEL��VvQW�GLVSHUDWD��FX�GRL�DPDQWL�VL�EDUEDWXO�PHX�VL�QX�VXQW�VDWLVIDFXWD��&RSLOD�PHD��PDL�FDXWD�WL�XQ�EDUEDW��SRDWH�Q�DL�JDVLW�WRFPDL�DPDQWXO�SRWULYLW�'XSD�VFXUW�WLPS����5DEL��PL�DP�JDVLW�XQ�EDUEDW�R�PvQGUHWH��DGHYDUDW�DUPDVDU��GDU�QLFL�DFHVWD�QX�PL�DMXQJH��5DVHOD��GUDJD�PHD��FUHG�FD�QX�PDL�H�QLPLF�GH�IDFXW��WX�HVWL�R�IHPHLH�EROQDYD��5DEL��GD�PL�WH�URJ�vQ�VFULV��WkUJXO�]LFH�FD�V�FXUYD������5DEL� SULPHVWH� GH� ]LXD� OXL� GH� OD� XQ� SULHWHQ� GLQ� $PHULFD� R� SDSDJDOLWD�� 2� DGXFH� DFDVD� VL� FXP� SXQH� FROLYLD� SH� PDVD�SDSDJDOLWD�vQFHSH�VD�VWULJH��6XQW�R�FXUYD��6XQW�R�FXUYD�8Q�HOHY�vL�VSXQH��5DEL��QX� IL�VXSDUDW��DP�HX�DFDVD�GRL�SDSDJDOL�VXSHUEL�� IRDUWH�HYODYLRVL�� FDUH�VL�SHWUHF� WRW� WLPSXO� vQ� UXJDFLXQL��'D�PL�PLHSDSDJDOLWD��VD�VWHD�FX�SDSDJDOLL�PHL�FHYD�WLPS�VL�VH�YD�vQWRDUFH�SH�GUXPXO�FHO�EXQ�,D� HOHYXO� SDSDJDOLWD� DFDVD�� R� EDJD�Q� FXVFD� SDSDJDOLORU�� DFHVWLD� QHPLVFDWL� VWDX� FXIXQGDWL� vQ� UXJDFLXQH�� 1X� WUHFH� PXOW� VLSDSDJDOLWD�vQFHSH��6XQW�R�FXUYD��6XQW�R�FXUYD�����9H]L��GRPOH��WL�DP�VSXV�HX�FD�UXJDFLXQLOH�DMXWD��VDU�MXELOkQG�SDSDJDOLL���

Page 196: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���8Q�UDELQ�D�VOXMLW�OD�7HPSOX�WLPS�GH����GH�DQL��&D�VD�O�UDVSODWHDVFD��FRPXQLWDWHD�vO�WULPLVH�vQWU�R�H[FXUVLH�vQ�+DZDLL��&kQGDMXQVH� vQ�FDPHUD�GH�KRWHO�� R� WkQDUD� IRDUWH� IUXPRDVD�VL� JRDOD� VWDWHD� vQWLQVD� vQ�SDW��5HYROWDW��SXQH�PkQD�SH� WHOHIRQ� VL� VXQDDFDVD��1X�DYHWL�SLF�GH�UHVSHFW�SHQWUX�SR]LWLD�PHD"�6XQW�UDELQ��$VWD�H�R�GRYDGD�FUDVD�GH�QHVLPWLUH�VL�OLSVD�GH�UHVSHFW�$X]LQG�DFHVWHD��WkQDUD��UXVLQDWD��vQFHSX�VD�VH�vPEUDFH��'XSD�FH�WHUPLQDW�GH�YRUELW�OD�WHOHIRQ��UDELQXO�L�VH�DGUHVD��7X�XQGH�SOHFL"�1X�SH�WLQH�VvQW�VXSDUDW����6WUXO�YLQH�DFDVD�OD�,WLF�VL�R�vQWvOQHVWH�vQ�EXFDWDULH�SH�5DVHOD��%XQD��5DVHOD��FH�PDL�IDFL"�1X�WH�DP�YD]XW�GH�PXOW��0XOWXPHVF�ELQH��GDU�WX�GH�FH�DL�YHQLW"�ÌO�FDXW�SH�,WLF��1X�H�DFDVD��H�vQ�GHOHJDWLH����6L�FvQG�YLQH"�'LVHDUD�GXSD�RUD�����VWDL�MRV��VD�WH�VHYHVF�FX�R�FDIHD"�0XOWXPHVF��VSXQH�6WUXO�SULYLQG�R�FX�GUDJ��6WLL��5DVHOR��WRDWD�YLDWD�WH�DP�DGPLUDW�FH�ELQH�DUDWL�VL�FH�GDPD�WUD]QHW�WUHEXLH�VDILL����P�DP�JvQGLW�VL�YUHDX�VD�WL�SURSXQ�XQ�WkUJ��GDFD�vPL�DUDWL�XQ�VkQ�vWL�GDX���������OHL��1X�VH�SRDWH������(VWL�QHEXQ������+DL�JkQGHVWH�WH��SRDWH�FD�WRWXVL�vWL�FRQYLQH����'XSD�YUHR�FkWHYD�PLQXWH�GH�JkQGLUH�VL�GH�FXPSDQLUH��WLPS�vQ�FDUH�6WUXO�QX�PDL�FRQWHQHD�VD�R�URDJH��5DVHOD�FHGHD]D��vL�DUDWDWkWHOH�VL�vQFDVHD]D�SH�ORF�EDQLL�SURPLVL��6WLL��5DVHOD��PD�WRW�JvQGHVF�����WRDWD�YLDWD�PL�DP�GRULW�VD�WL�YDG�WUXSXO�DFHVWD�VXSHUE�VL�VD�WH�PkQJkL�SH�VROGXUL����3RUFXOH��QX�WL�H�UXVLQH"�&KLDU�YUHL�VD�PD�VXSDU"�1X��FD�SHQWUX�DVWD�vWL�PDL�GDX���������OHL�������5DVHOD�VH�vQIXULH��VH�FRGHVWH��FHGHD]D��VH�DUDWD��VH�ODVD�PkQJkLDWD�VL�vQFDVHD]D�EDQLL��6WUXO��FD�R�SLD]D�UHD��FRQWLQXD�����6L�VWLL��GDFD�PD�JkQGHVF��PHULWD�VD�WL�PDL�GDX���������GH�OHL�FD�VD�PD�ODVL�VD�PD�FXOF�FX�WLQH���6L�L]EXFQLULOH�5DVHOHL�VH�UHSHWD�VL�PDL�YkUWRV��GDU�VH�FDOPHD]D�WRW�DVD�GH�UHSHGH�VL�JkQGHVWH�FD��vQ�IRQG��QX�H�VODQLQD�VD�VHWHUPLQH���DVD�FD�DWHUL]HD]D�vQ�DUJXPHQWXO�ELQH�GH]YROWDW�DO�OXL�6WUXO��FX�VLQJXUXO�UHJUHW�FD�GDFD�DFHVWD�QX�DYHD�FLUFXPFL]LHSRDWH�HUD�PDL�JURV���'XSD�FH�DX�WHUPLQDW��6WUXO�vVL�LD�UDPDV�EXQ�VL�SOHDFD�DFDVD��5DVHOD�IDFH�XQ�GXV�VL�vVL�FRQWLQXD�PXQFD�GLQEXFDWDULH�3H�OD�������DSDUH�VL�,WLF�LVWRYLW��'D�PL�UHSHGH�FHYD�GH�PkQFDUH�VL�PD�GXF�VD�PD�FXOF�FD�PRU�GH�VRPQ���&H�DL�PDL�IDFXW�D]L"�&XP�WL�D�WUHFXW�YUHPHD"�1LPLF�LQWHUHVDQW����P�DP�SOLFWLVLW�WRDWD�]LXD����0XOWXPHVF�SHQWUX�PDVD�����HX�PD�GXF�VD�PD�FXOF����1RDSWH�EXQD�6L�SOHDFD�,WLF��'DU�GLQ�XVD�VH�vQWRDUFH�EUXVF�VL�vQWUHDED��$VFXOWD��5DVHOR��1X�D�IRVW�D]L�6WUXO�SH�OD�QRL�VD�PL�DGXFD�VDODULXO""""���'O��,W]LF�R�VXQD�SH�GQD�*ROGVWHLQ���$OR��VDUXW�PkQD��FH�PDL�IDFHWL"�&H�VD�IDF��VXQW�VLQJXUD��VRWXO�H�SH�WHUHQ�GH�R�OXQD����$WXQFL�SRDWH�vPL�SHUPLWHWL�VD�WUHF�SH�OD�GYV���EHP�R�FDIHOXWD��IDFHP�DPRU����9DL��GRPQXOH�,W]LF��FUHGHWL�FD�VXQW�FXUYD"�'D�FLQH�D�SRPHQLW�GH�EDQL"���ÌQWU�R�]L��5DEL�VH�GXFH�vQ�YL]LWD�OD�3DSD��OD�9DWLFDQ�&kQG�LQWUD�vQ�ELURX��YHGH�QXPDL�OXFUXUL�IUXPRDVH��YHFKL��DXU��SRUWHODQXUL��FDWLIHD��PDWDVXUL��FH�PDL��R�IUXPXVHWH�ÌQ�PLMORFXO�ELURXOXL��OD�ORF�GH�PDUH�FLQVWH��R�PDVXWD�SH�FDUH�HUD�DVH]DW�XQ�WHOHIRQ��6ILQWH�SDULQWH��vQWUHDED�5DEL��FH�H�FX�WHOHIRQXO�DFHOD"�9H]L�WX��5DEL��SULQ�WHOHIRQXO�DVWD�DP�OLQLH�GLUHFWD�FX������VL�DLFL�DUDWD�FX�GHJHWXO�vQ�VXV��7UDQVILJXUDW��5DEL�vL�VSXQH�3DSHL��7H�URJ��ODVD�PD�VL�SH�PLQH�VD�YRUEHVF�3DSD�vO�ODVD��'XSD�FvWHYD�PLQXWH��5DEL��IRDUWH�IHULFLW��VH�vQWRDUFH�FDWUH�3DSD�VL�vL�VSXQH��ÌWL�PXOWXPHVF�PXOW��0D�VLPW�PXOW�PDL�XVXUDW�DFXP�FD�DP�YRUELW�FX�'RPQXO��&kW�PD�FRVWD"�3HQWUX�WLQH��FD�WH�FXQRVF�����GRODUL�5DEL�SODWHVWH�VL�SOHDFD�IRDUWH�vQFvQWDW�'XSD�YUHR�GRL�DQL��YLQH�VL�3DSD�vQ�YL]LWD�OD�,HUXVDOLP��,QWUD�vQ�ELURXO�DFHVWXLD�VL�REVHUYD�R�PDVXWD�FX�XQ WHOHIRQ�SH�HD��9H]L��VSXQH�5DEL��DFXP�DP�VL�HX�OHJDWXUD�GLUHFWD�FX�'RPQXO��3RW�VD�GDX�VL�HX�XQ�WHOHIRQ"�vQWUHDED�3DSD��6LJXU�FD�GD��WH�URJ�'D�3DSD�WHOHIRQ��YRUEHVWH�FvWHYD�PLQXWH�VL�GXSD�FH�WHUPLQD�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�5DEL��&vW�PD�FRVWD"�3HQWUX�WLQH��FRVWD����GH�FHQWL��UDVSXQGH�5DEL��&XP��DVD�GH�LHIWLQ"�VH�PLUD�3DSD��6LJXU�FD�GD��VWLL��DLFL�FRQYRUELUHD�H�ORFDOD�

Page 197: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���8Q�HYUHX�HUD�vQ�DYLRQ�vQWUH�GRL�DUDEL��6L�vVL�GD�DVWD�MRV�SDQWRILL��VH�vQWLQGH�FRQIRUWDELO�VL�DVWLD�vL�]LF��'X�WH�VL�DGXQH�GRXD�VXFXUL���(YUHXO�HUD�VLQJXU��DLD�GRL��V�D�GXV��&kW�D�IRVW�DVWD�SOHFDW��DVWLD�L�DX�VFXLSDW�vQ�SDQWRIL��6�D�vQWRUV�FX�VXFXULOH��V�D�vQWLQV�OD�ORF�PDL�GHSDUWH�OLQLVWH��&kQG�D�DMXQV�OD�GHVWLQDWLH��vVL�EDJD�SLFLRDUHOH�vQ�SDQWRILL�VL�GHVFRSHUD�FH�DX�IDFXW�DVWLD��VL�OH�]LFH��2�VD�ILH�SDFH�vQ�(VWXO�0LMORFLX�FkQG�DUDELL�Q�RU�VD�PDL�VFXLSH�vQ�SDQWRILL�HYUHLORU��VL�HYUHLL�Q�RU�VD�VH�PDL�SLVH�vQ�VXFXULOHDUDELORU����7vQDUXO�UDELQ�VL�WkQDUD�UDELQHDVD�XPEOD�FX�FDUXWD��WUDVD�GH�FDL��SOLQD�FX�PDUID��9LQ�WkOKDULL��LDX�FDUXWD��LDX�FDLL��LDX�PDUID�vO�EDW�SH�UDELQ��R�I W�SH�UDELQHDVD�VL�SOHDFD��6H�DVHD]D�UDELQXO�SH�R�SLDWUD��OD�PDUJLQHD�GUXPXOXL��VL�vQFHSH�VD�VH�WkQJXLH��2L����YHL����RL����YHL����'H�FH�WH�WkQJXL��]LFH�UDELQHDVD��FD�QH�DX�OXDW�FDUXWD"�1X�L�QLPLF��WDWD�DUH�PXOWH�FDUXWH��DUH�VD�QH�GHD�XQD��2L����YHL����RL����YHL����'H�FH�WH�WkQJXL��FD�QH�DX�OXDW�FDLL"�1X�L�QXPLF��IUDWHOH�PHX�DUH�PXOWL�FDL��DUH�VD�QH�GHD�GRL��2L����YHL����RL����YHL����'H�FH�WH�WkQJXL��FD�QH�DX�OXDW�PDUID"�1X�L�QLPLF��XQFKLXO�PHX�DUH�PXOWD�PDUID��DUH�VD�QH�GHD�FHYD��OD�HO�QX�VH�FXQRDVWH��2L����YHL����RL����YHL����'H�FH�WH�WkQJXL��FD�WH�DX�EDWXW"�1X�L�QLPLF��DP�VD�WH�SDQVH]��VD�YH]L�FD�WUHFH��QLFL�Q�DUH�VD�VH�PDL�FXQRDVFD��2L����YHL����RL����YHL����'H�FH�WH�WkQJXL��FD�P�DX�IX XW"�&H�SXWHP�IDFH���VD�YH]L�FD�VL�DVWD�DUH�VD�WUHDFD�$WXQFL�WkQDUXO�UDELQ�vQFHWHD]D�VD�VH�PDL�WkQJXLH��VH�XLWD�GUHSW�vQ�RFKLL�WLQHUHL�UDELQHVH�VL�L�VSXQH��'D�WX�GH�FH�OH�DL�WLQXW�FRQWUD"���(UD�RGDWD�XQ�JUHF��2QDVVLV�vO�FKHPD��VH�VSXQH�FD�HUD�FHO�PDL�ERJDW�RP�GLQ�OXPH��$MXQJH�HO�vQWU�R�VHDUD�OD�1HZ�<RUN��LD�RFDPHUD�OD�XQ�PDUH�KRWHO�VL�DGRDUPH��6H�WUH]HVWH�OD�SUvQ]�VL��QHDYvQG�FH�IDFH��VH�GXFH�OD�EDU��LD�R�FDIHOXWD�VL�vQFHSH�V�R�EHD�$WXQFL�VH�DSURSLH�GH�HO�XQ�HYUHX��'RPQXOH�2QDVVLV��'Y��PD�SXWHWL�IDFH�XQ�RP�ERJDW��IDUD�D�LQYHVWL�QLFL�PDFDU�XQ�VLQJXU�FHQW�2QDVVLV�QX�VSXQH�QLFL�GD��QLFL�QX��FL�FRQWLQXD�VD�VL�EHD�FDIHOXWD��'RPQXOH�2QDVVLV��FRQWLQXD�HYUHXO��HX�VvQW�XQ�PDUXQW�DIDFHULVW��$FXP�WUHEXLH�VD�PD�vQWkOQHVF�FX�XQ�SDUWHQHU�GH�DIDFHUL��7RWFHHD�FH�WUHEXLH�VD�IDFHWL�HVWH�VD�YD�DGUHVDWL�PLH�VL�VD�PL�VSXQHWL��%XQD�]LXD��3DUWHQHUXO�PHX�YD�YHGHD�FD�PDUHOH�2QDVVLV�PDFXQRDVWH��DFHDVWD�YD�IL�FHD�PDL�EXQD�UHFRPDQGDWLH�SHQWUX�PLQH��HO�YD�DFFHSWD�VD�IDFD�DIDFHUHD�VL�HX�YRL�IL�XQ�RP�ERJDW��IDUDFD�GY��VD�IL�LQYHVWLW�QLFL�PDFDU�XQ�VLQJXU�FHQW�2QDVVLV�QX�VSXQH�QLFL�GD��QLFL�QX��FL�FRQWLQXD�VD�VL�EHD�FDIHOXWD��'DU��vQWU�DGHYDU��YHGH�FD�YLQH�FLQHYD��vQFHSH�VD�YRUEHDVFDFX�HYUHXO����&vQG�WUHF�SULQ�IDWD�OXL��VH�DGUHVHD]D�2QDVVLV�HYUHXOXL�VL�L�VSXQH��%XQD�]LXD�/D�FDUH�HYUHXO�VH�vQWRDUFH�VL�VSXQH��0DL�2QDVVLV��'H�FvWH�RUL�VD�WL�VSXQ�VD�QX�PD�GHUDQMH]L�FkQG�IDF�DIDFHUL"���6WUXO�� VROGDW� vQ� DUPDWD� LVUDHOLDQD�� ÌQWU�R� ]L�� VH� SUH]LQWD� OD� FRPDQGDQW� VL�L� SUHGD� XQ� WDQF� LQDPLF� vQ� SHUIHFWD� VWDUH� GHIXQFWLRQDUH����&H�PDL�FDSWXUD��SULPHVWH�R�VDSWDPkQD�GH�FRQFHGLX�FD�UHFRPSHQVD��'RXD�]LOH�GXSD�FRQFHGLX��VH�SUH]LQWD�LDU�ODFRPDQGDQW�FX�XQ�QRX�WDQF�vQ�VWDUH�VL�PDL�EXQD����&RPDQGDQWXO��PLUDW��vL�]LFH��0DL�6WUXO��vWL�GDX�FRQFHGLXO��GDU�WUHEXLH�VD�PL�VSXL�FXP�DL�IDFXW����3DL��VLPSOX��0�DP�GXV�OD�OLQLD�GH�GHPDUFDWLH�VL�DP�VWULJDW��$KPHG��YUHL�FRQFHGLX"�'D��$WXQFL�KDL�VD�IDFHP�VFKLPE�GH�WDQFXUL������8Q�HYUHX�PHUJH�OD�PDFHODULH��'DWL�PL�XQ�NJ�GLQ�SHVWHOH�DFHOD��'DU�DFHOD�QX�H�SHVWH��H�FDUQH�GH�SRUF�(X�QX�WH�DP�vQWUHEDW�FXP�VH�QXPHVWH�SHVWHOH�DFHOD����&LQFL�HYUHL�UHQXPLWL�DX�VWDELOLW�SULQFLSLL�GH�ED]D�02,6(��/HJHD�H�PDL�SUHVXV�GH�WRWXO,686��'UDJRVWHD�DSURDSHOXL�H�FHO�PDL�LPSRUWDQW�OXFUX0$5;��7RWXO�WUHFH�SULQ�VWRPDF���)5(8'��6H[XO�H�WRWXO���(,167(,1��7RWXO�H�UHODWLY������ÌQ�UD]ERLXO�GLQWUH�DUDEL�VL� LVUDHOLHQL��R�FRPSDQLH�YHVWLFD�SURGXFDWRDUH�GH�DUPDPHQW�SULPHVWH�R� UHFODPDWLH�FXP�FD��GLQFDX]D�JUHQDGHORU�SH�FDUH�OH�DX�IXUQL]DW�HYUHLORU��VROGDWLL�UDPvQ�IDUD�WHVWLFXOH��,PHGLDW�WULPLW�R�FRPLVLH�GH�LQVSHFWLH�SH�WHDWUXO

Page 198: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

GH�OXSWD��3UHVHGLQWHOH�FRPLVLHL�FHUFHWHD]D�SURGXVXO��LQVWUXFWLXQLOH�GH�IRORVLUH�VL�WRWXO�SDUH�2�.��ÌQ�XOWLPD�LQVWDQWD��FHUH�VD�LVH�IDFD�R�GHPRQVWUDWLH��8Q�VROGDW�HYUHX�LD�R�JUHQDGD��LQVWUXFWLXQLOH��VL�vQFHSH��/XDP�JUHQDGD�vQ�FDXVXO�SDOPHL�GUHSWH�VL�FX�VWkQJD�VFRDWHP�FXLXO��$SRL�QXPDUDP�SkQD�OD����6ROGDWXO� vQFHSH� VD� QXPHUH� FRQVWLLQFLRV� SH� GHJHWHOH� GH� OD� PkQD� VWvQJD�� XQX�� GRL� ���� FLQFL�� GXSD� FDUH� SXQH� JUHQDGD� vQWUHSLFLRDUH�VL�FRQWLQXD�FX�GHJHWHOH�GH�OD�PkQD�GUHDSWD��6DVH��VDSWH��������,WLF�VL�6WUXO�HPLJUH]D� vQ�$PHULFD��'XSD�YUHR��� DQL� VH� UHvQWkOQHVF�� ,WLF�XQ�SURVSHU�RP�GH� DIDFHUL�� LDU� 6WUXO� XQ� DGHYDUDWERJDWDV��&XP�DL�GXV�R��PDL�,WLF��PDL��GH�FvQG�QX�QH�DP�PDL�YD]XW"�vQWUHDED�6WUXO��&XP�V�R�IL�GXV��&kQG�DP�DMXQV��Q�DYHDP�EDQL�GHFvW�GH�EDQDQH�VL��vQWU�XQD�GLQ�]LOH��PkQFkQG�R�EDQDQD��PL�D�YHQLW�R�LGHH�$P�IDEULFDW�XQ�VSUD\�GH�GDW�SH�SX D�FX�PLURV�GH�EDQDQH��'DU�WX�FXP�GH�DL�DMXQV�FKLDU�DWkW�GH�ERJDW"�3DL�VL�HX�WRW�FX�EDQDQHOH�FD�WLQH��VL�vQWU�R�]L��PL�D�YHQLW�LGHHD�VD�IDF�XQ�VSUD\�FX�PLURV�GH�SX D��FX�FDUH�VD�GDL�SH�EDQDQH����/RFXLQG�vQ�5RPkQLD�SH�YUHPHD�FRPXQLVWLORU��,WLF�REWLQH��FX�FKLX�FX�YDL��XQ�SDVDSRUW�SHQWUX�D�VH�GXFH�vQ�YL]LWD�OD�6WUXO�SULHWHQXO�VDX�GLQ�FRSLODULH��FDUH�WUDLD�vQ�$PHULFD��$MXQJH�OD�6WUXO��VH�VLPWH�H[FHOHQW��6WUXO�vO�VIDWXLHVWH�VD�QX�VH�PDL�vQWRDUFDvQ�5RPkQLD��VD�UDPkQD�vQ�$PHULFD��GDU�,WLF�SDUH�SUHD�OHJDW�GH�ORFXULOH�QDWDOH��6WUXO�LQVLVWD��DUDWkQGX�L�DYDQWDMHOH�WUDLXOXL�vQOXPHD�OLEHUD��GDU�IDUD�VXFFHV��&RQYLQ�vQVD�FD�,WLF��GXSD�FH�YD�DMXQJH�vQDSRL��VD�VFULH�FLIUDW�GDFD�UHJUHWD�VDX�QX�FD�D�UHYHQLW�vQ5RPkQLD��6H�GHVSDUW�DFHLDVL�EXQL�SULHWHQL��3HVWH�YUHR�GRXD�OXQL��SULPHVWH�6WUXO�R�VFULVRDUH�GH�OD�,WLF��vQ�FDUH��vQ�ORF�GH�WH[W�HUDX�GHVHQDWH� WUHL�RL�� LDU� DODWXUL��XQ�ERX�FX�SLFLRDUHOH� vQ� VXV��6H�XLWD�6WUXO� OD� VFULVRDUH��GDU�QX� vQWHOHJH� QLPLF�� 6H�GXFH� OD5DELQ��$FHVWD��H[DPLQHD]D�VFULVRDUHD�FDOH�GH�YUHR���PLQXWH��DSRL�vL�VSXQH�OXL�6WUXO��3DL��PDL�6WUXO��H�FODU���,WLF�vWL�VFULH�FLIUDW���2L��2L��2L��ERX�DP�IRVW�FD�P�DP�vQWRUV����6H�VSXQH�FD�5RELQVRQ�&UXVRH�D�IRVW�HYUHX��FHHD�FH�QX�VWLH�IRDUWH�PXOWD�OXPH��ÌQWU�R�]L��GXSD�WRWL�DFHL�DQL�GH�VLQJXUDWDWH�5RELQVRQ�D�]DULW�R�FRUDELH�QX�GHSDUWH�GH�LQVXOD�VL�L�D�IDFXW�VHPQ��&HL�GH�SH�FRUDELH�O�DX�YD]XW��&DSLWDQXO�D�FHUXW�R�EDUFD�VL�vQVRWLW� GH� FkWLYD� PDULQDUL�� D� YHQLW� SH� LQVXOD�� 5RELQVRQ� L�D� SRYHVWLW� FH� L� VH� vQWkPSODVH� VL� O�D� UXJDW� VD�O� GXFD� vQ� $QJOLD�&DSLWDQXO��FDUH�HUD�HQJOH]��V�D�vQYRLW��6XLH�LQ�EDUFD��L�D�VSXV��ÌQDLQWH�GH�D�SOHFD��DV�YUHD�VD�YD�DUDW��GDFD�PL�vQJDGXLWL��WRW�FH�DP�IDFXW��D�VSXV�OD�UkQGXO�VDX�5RELQ��$P�SHWUHFXW�DWkWLD�DQLSH�LQVXOD��1XPDL�FkWHYD�FOLSH�QXPDL��&X�SODFHUH��D�UDVSXQV�FDSLWDQXO��FDUH�HUD�XQ�RP�SROLWLFRV�5RELQVRQ�O�D�GXV�FHYD�PDL�vQFROR��SH�LQVXOD��$LFL�HVWH�ORFXLQWD�PHD�SULQFLSDOD��&X�SULPXO�JDUG�SH�FDUH�O�DP�IDFXW��$ODWXUL�� WDUFXO�FDSUHORU�� LDU�GLQFROR�VLQDJRJD��'XSDDFHHD��JUDMGXO��YLD��FHD�GH�D�GRXD�VLQDJRJD����,DUWD�PD��D�VSXV�FDSLWDQXO��FDP�PLUDW��GDU�HVWL�FKLDU�VLQJXU�SH�LQVXOD"�6LQJXU�VLQJXUHO��'H�FH�DL�ULGLFDW�DWXQFL�GRXD�VLQDJRJL"�(�OD�PLQWHD�FRFRVXOXL��L�D�UDVSXQV�5RELQVRQ��$VWD�H�VLQDJRJD�OD�FDUH�PD�GXF��LDU�FHDODOWD�H�FHD�OD�FDUH�QX�PD�GXF�QLFL� vQUXSWXO�FDSXOXL����8Q�RP�GH�DIDFHUL�HYUHX�vL�VSXQH�DVLVWHQWXOXL�FD�SOHDFD�OD�VLQDJRJD�VL�QX�YUHD�VD�ILH�GHUDQMDW�VXE�QLFL�R�IRUPD��'XSD�]HFHPLQXWH�GH�OD�SOHFDUH�DFWLXQLOH�XQHL� ILUPH��,%0�VD�]LFHP��vQFHS�VD�FUHDVFD�YHUWLJLQRV��'XSD�DOWH�]HFH�PLQXWH�GHMD�HUDX�FX����PDL�PDUL��ÌQHEXQLW��YUHD�VD�O�DQXQWH�SH�VHIXO�OXL�VL�GD�IXJD�OD�VLQDJRJD��6HIXO�WRFPDL�PHGLWD��6HIX��VWLX�FD�QX�YD�SODFH�VD�YD�GHUDQMH]��GDU�DFWLXQLOH�,%0�DX�FUHVFXW�FX������7L�DP�VSXV�VD�QX�PD�GHUDQMH]L�LQGLIHUHQW�GH�PRWLY��7LPSXO�DORFDW�SHQWUX�VLQDJRJD�H�VIkQW��6�DSRL�DLFL�DFWLXQLOH�,%0�VXQWGHMD�OD�������%DQFXUL�FX�QHJULL��Ì�8QGH�DX�IHPHLOH�SDUXO�QHJUX�VL�FUHW"5�ÌQ�$IULFD���Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�QHJUX�VL�R�DQYHORSD�GH�PDVLQD"5�$QYHORSD�QX�FkQWD�FkQG�vL�SXL�ODQWXUL���Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�QHJURWHL�VL�R�SL]]D"5�3L]]D�QX�GD�GLQ�SLFLRDUH�FkQG�H�EDJDWD�OD�FXSWRU���Ì�&LQH�L�PLF�QHJUX�VL�VDUH"5�3XULFHOH�Ì�'D�FLQH�L�PDUH��QHJUX�VL�VDUH"

Page 199: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�'U��$OEDQ����Ì�'H�FH�QX�FLUFXOD�QHJULL�vQ�PDVLQL�GHFDSRWDELOH"5�'HRDUHFH�OH�DU�IOXWXUD�EX]HOH�vQ�YDQW�VL�OH�DU�YHQL�SHVWH�RFKL���Ì�'H�FH�QX�OH�SODFH�QHJULORU�VD�PHDUJD�vQ�PDVLQL�GHFDSRWDELOH�"5�3HQWUX�FD�OH�IOXWXUD�EX]HOH�VL�QX�PDL�YDG�GUXPXO������Ì�&XP�VH�SDYHD]D�VWUD]LOH�LQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG"5�6H�DVHD]D�QHJULL�SH�VWUDGD�XQXO�ODQJD�DOWXO�VL�VH�WUHFH�FX�WDYDOXJXO�SHVWH�HL���Ì�6L�FXP�VH�IDFH�GXQJD�DOED"5�6H�DVHD]D�QHJULL�FX�GLQWLL�LQ�VXV���Ì�&H�H�QHJUX�SH�GLQDIDUD�VL�YHUGH�SH�GLQDXQWUX"5�8Q�QHJUX�FDUH�D�PDQFDW�VSDQDF����Ì�&H�H�QHJUX�FX�XQ�SLFLRU�"5�8Q�QHJUX�VFKLRS����Ì�&H�H�QHJUX�FX�GRXD�SLFLRDUH�"5�8Q�QHJUX�QRUPDO����Ì�&H�H�XQ�QHJUX�FX�WUHL�SLFLRDUH�"5�8Q�SLDQ����Ì�&H�H�QHJUX�VL�PDUH�VL�PRUL�SH�ORF�GDFD�VDUH�GLQWU�XQ�FRSDF�SH�WLQH"5�8Q�SLDQ������Ì�'H�FH�V�D�LQYHQWDW�FLRFRODWD�DOED"5�&D�VD�VH�PXUGDUHDVFD�FRSLLL�QHJUL�OD�JXUD������Ì�'H�FH�V�D�LQYHQWDW�FLRFRODWD"5�3HQWUX�FD�OD�FLQHPD�QHJULL�VD�QX�VL�PXVWH�GHJHWHOH������ÌQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG��XQ�QHJUX�D�IRVW�JDVLW�vQDUPDW��$YHD�XQ�FXWLW�vQ�VSDWH����6DK�PDW�vQ�WUHL�PXWDUL�1HJUXO�LD�'DPD��'DPD�LD�YDOXWD��$OEXO�LD�6,'$����Ì�&H�UH]XOWD�OD�vPSHUHFKHUHD�XQXL�QHJUX�FX�R�FDUDFDWLWD"5�1X�VH�VWLH��GDU�FX�VLJXUDQWD�YD�FXOHJH�PXOW�PDL�UHSHGH�EXPEDFXO�FX�DMXWRUXO�FHORU���PkLQL����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�SRUXPEHO�VL�XQ�QHJUX"5�3RUXPEHOXO�H�DOE�VL�QHJUXO�QX�SRDWH�VD�]ERDUH����9DULDQWD�Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�QHJUX�VL�XQ�SHVFDUXV"5�3HVFDUXVXO�DUH�FRDGD�DOED�VL�QHJUXO�QX�SRDWH�VD�]ERDUH������Ì�&H�H�URVX��QHJUX��URVX��QHJUX��URVX��QHJUX��URVX��QHJUX��DOE"5�8Q�QHJUX�FDUH�VH�PDVWXUEHD]D����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQW�vQWUH�XQ�ERX�DOE�VL�XQ�ERX�QHJUX"5�%RXO�DOE�IDFH��0XXX���%RXO�1HJUX�IDFH��+HL�PDQ��PXXX��PDQ�����Ì�&XP�VDOYH]L�XQ�QHJUX�GH�OD�vQHF"5�ÌL�LHL�SLFLRUXO�GH�SH�FDS������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�XQ�QHJUX�VL�R�FDQRH"5�2�FDQRH�SOXWHVWH������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�XQ�QHJURWHL�VL�R�SHUVRDQD�GH�FXORDUH"

Page 200: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�&kW�YH]L�FX�RFKLL������Ì�&XP�UHFXQRVWH�XQ�SROLWLVW�vQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG��GDFD�YHGH�SH�VRVHD�R�SDWD�LPHQVD�GH�VkQJH��D�FXL�D�IRVW�SDWD��D�XQXL�FkLQHVDX�D�XQXL�QHJUX"5�'DFD�YHGH�GkUH�GH�IUkQD�vQVHDPQD�FD�D�IRVW�D�XQXL�FkLQH������Ì�'H�FH�DX�QHJULL�SDOPHOH�VL�WDOSLOH�PDL�DOEH"5�3HQWUX�FD�DWXQFL�FkQG�L�D�YRSVLW�'XPQH]HX�XPEODX�vQ�SDWUX�ODEH����Ì�'H�FH�SRDUWD�QHJULL�SDODULL�FX�ERUXULOH�ODUJL"5�&D�SDVDULOH�VD�QX�OL�VH�FDFH�SH�EX]H������Ì�&XP�VDOYH]L�XQ�QHJUX�GH�OD�vQQHF"5�ÌL�DUXQFL�DQFRUD�vQ�FDS������Ì�6WLL�FH�SRDUWD�PDL�QRX�WLQHULL�VXG�DIULFDQL�OD�JkW"5�'REHUPDQL������$L�DX]LW�GH�XOWLPXO�VHI�DO�.X�.OX[�.ODQ�XOXL���R�VD�vQFHUFH�VD�VDUD�SHVWH����GH�QHJUL�FX�EXOGR]HUXO����Ì�&H�DYHWL�vPSRWULYD�QHJULORU"5�3DL����GH�H[HPSOX��FXWLWH��EDVWRDQH��SXPQDOH��SLVWRDOH�PLWUDOLHUD��JUHQDGH����3DW�%XFKDQDQ��-HVVLH�-DFNVRQ�VL�$UOHQ�6SHFWHU�VH�SOLPEDX�VL�GLVFXWDX�SH�SODMD�GH�OD�6DQWD�0RQLFD�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�6SHFWHU�VH�DSOHDFD�VL�FXOHJH�R�VWLFOD�GLQ�QLVLS��2�FXUDWD�VL�GLQ�HD�LHVH�D��JHQH��*HQH�PXOWXPHVWH�SW�OLEHUWDWH�VL�OH�SURPLWH�VD�OH�vPSOLQHDVFD�R�GRULQWD�OD�ILHFDUH�-HVVLH��YUHDX�FD�$IULFD�VD�GHYLQD�XQ�FRQWLQHQW�ERJDW�VL�WRWL�QHJUL�VD�WUDLDVFD�vQ�SDFH� EXP�EXP�VL�-HVVLH�GLVSDUH� 6SHFWHU��YUHDX�FD�,VUDHO�VD�GHYLQD�FHD�PDL�IRUPLGDELOD�DUPDWD�VL�WRWL�HYUHLL�VD�PHDUJD�vQ�,VUDHO�VD�DMXWH� EXP�EXP�VL�6SHFWHU�GLVSDUH� 3DW�%XFKDQDQ��/DVD�PD�VD�vQWHOHJ��DVWD�vQVHDPQD�FD�WRWL�QHJUL�VXQW�DFXP�vQ�$IULFD"�'D��6L�WRWL�MLGDQLL�VXQW�vQ�,VUDHO"�'D��/HW�PH�KDYH�D�'LHW�&RNH����8Q� DOE� VPHFKHU� VH� GXFH� VL� HO� OD� QXGLVWL� SH� OD�0LDPL�%HDFK�� &D� VD� LPSUHVLRQH]H�� vVL� WDWXHD]D� SH� S D�QXPHOH� VRWLHL�:(1'<�0kQGUX�WDUH��SDWUXOD�HO�SH�SODMD��vQFHUFkQG�VD�DJDWH�R�JDJLFD��GRXD���/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��YHGH�XQ�QHJUX��SH�D�FDUXL�S D�VH�YHGHDX�GRXD�OLWHUH��:<�$OEXO�vO�vQWUHDED��6L�SH�VRWLD�WD�R�FKHDPD�WRW�:(1'<"��'DU�Q�DL�DYXW�ORF�VD�VFULL��QX�L�DVD",DU�QHJUXO�UDVSXQGH��1X�HX�VXQW�UHVSRQVDELO�FX�SULPLUHD�WXULVWLORU��3H�D�PHD��vQ�HUHFWLH�VFULH��:(/&20(�72�0,$0,�%($&+��+$9(�$�1,&(�'$<�����ÌQWUHDED�SROLWLVWXO�XQ�QHJUX��9D�SXWHWL�OHJLWLPD"�7UHEXLH�VD�IDFHP�DVWD�GHMD�VLQJXUL"���6H�vQWkOQHVF�XQ�QHJUX�VL�XQ�DOE�OD�VWUDQG��=LFH�DOEXO��(X�FX�VFXOD�PHD�SRW�PDVXUD�WHPSHUDWXUD�DSHL��1X�FUHG��]LFH�QHJUXO�,QWUD�DOEXO�vQ�DSD��LHVH�DIDUD�VL�]LFH������&HOVLXV�1HJUXO�FRQWUROHD]D�FX�WHUPRPHWUXO�VL�vQWUDGHYDU���$OEXO�]LFH��3UREHD]D�VL�WX�DFXPD���,QWUD�VL�QHJUXO�vQ�DSD�VL�]LFH��'H�WHPSHUDWXUD�QX�SRW�VD�WL�VSXQ�QLPLF�GDU�DSD�H�DGkQFD�GH����FP������9LQH�R�PDLQD�FX�GRL�QHJUL�OD�JUDQLWD�VL�YDPHVXO�vQWUHDED�

Page 201: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�$WL�DYXW�XQ�PLF�LQFHQGLX"���8Q�PLVLRQDU�vQ�$IULFD�YL]LWHD]D�EROQDYLL�GLQWU�XQ�VDW�GH�QHJUL��ÌQWU�R�FROLED�JDVHVWH�XQ�WkQDU�FX�IHEUD�ÌO�PkQJkLH�SH�IUXQWH��vL�GD�R�WDEOHWD�VL�vL�VSXQH��ÌQWU�R�VDSWDPkQD�YHL�IL�GLQ�QRX�SH�SLFLRDUH�VL�YHL�SXWHD�OXFUD�FD�XQ�HOHIDQW��$VWD�H�ELQH��VSXVH�WkQDUXO�DWXQFL�SRW�GLQ�QRX�VD�]ERU�OD�6RUERQD�VD�vPL�WLQ�FXUVXO�GH�VRFLRORJLH������9LQH�XQ�QHJUX�FX�QDVXO�DOE�vQWU�XQ�EDU��%DUPDQXO�vQWUHDED��&LQH�HVWL�WX"�6XQW�XQ�QHJUX�GLQ�*KDQD�VL�GRUHVF�R�FROD�VL�R�IDQWD�0DL�YLQH�XQ�QHJUX�FX�R�XUHFKH�DOED�VL�GLQ�QRX��&LQH�HVWL�WX"�6XQW�XQ�QHJUX�GLQ�*KDQD�VL�GRUHVF�R�FROD�VL�R�IDQWD�0DL�YLQH�XQ�QHJUX�FX�XQ�GHJHW�DOE��%DUPDQXO��6WLX��HVWL�XQ�QHJUX�GLQ�*KDQD�VL�YUHL�R�FROD�VL�R�IDQWD��1X�HX�VXQW�FRVDU�VL�YLQ�GH�OD�QHYDVWD�WD������ÌQWU�XQ�WUHQ�GRL�DUGHOHQL�VL�XQ�QHJUX��%UH�GD�WX�QX�HVWL�GH�DLFL��'D�WDWDO�PHX�HVWH�GLQ�$IULFD��GDU�PDPD�PHD�HVWH�GH�DLFL��3DL�FXP"�3DL�WDWD�D�IRVW�RGDWD�SH�DLFL�VL�D�YD]XW�R�SH�PDPD�VL�D�LQFHSXW�VD�DOHUJH�GXSD�HD�VL�D�DOHUJDW�VL�D�DOHUJDW�VL�D�DOHUJDW���VL�DVD�P�DP�QDVFXW�HX�'XSD�YUHR���PLQXWH�DUGHOHQLL�DYHDX�R�QHODPXULUH��0DL�GDU�VWLL�FH�QH�vQWUHEDP�QRL���2�IL�SULQV�R�SH�PDLFD�WD"���Ì�'H�FkWL�QHJUL�DL�QHYRLH�VD�FXUHWL�R�FDPHUD"5�'H�QLFL�XQXO��DVWD�H�PXQFD�GH�IHPHLH������ÌQWU�XQ�VWDW�GLQ�VXGXO�$PHULFLL�VFULD�SH�XVD�XQHL�ELVHULFL���$FFHVXO�SHQWUX�QHJULL�LQWHU]LV��7RWXVL�XQ�QHJUX�VH�SDUH�FD��QX�VWLH�VD�FLWHDVFD�VL�LQWUD��3UHRWXO�vO�RSUHVWH�VL�]LFH��1X�VWLL�VD�FLWHVWL�QHJULL�QX�DX�YRLH�vQ�ELVHULFD��%D�GDU��GDU�HX�IDF�QXPDL�FXUDW�DLFL����%LQH��ELQH�GDU�QX�FXPYD�VD�WH�SULQG�UXJkQGX�WH������6HPDIRUL]DUHD�OD�3UHWRULD��6HPDIRUXO�DUH�GRXD�FXORUL��DOE�VL�QHJUX�&LUFXODWLD�VH�GHVIDVRDUD�vQ�PRGXO�XUPDWRU��SH�DOE�WUHF�DOELL�VL�SH�QHJUX�WUHF�PDVLQLOH����Ì�'H�FH�QX�H�LQGLFDW�VD�VH�IDFD�GUDJRVWH�FX�QHJUHVHOH"5�$WL�PD�DX]LW�SkQD�DFXP�VD�PDL�LDVD�FHYD�GLQWU�R��JDXUD�QHDJUD�"���3H�R�SODMD�GLQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�LHVH�GLQ�DSD�XQ�QHJUX��DYkQG�R�VFXOD�SkQD�OD�JHQXQFKL��7RDWD�OXPHD�vQFHSH�VD�UkGD�1HJUXO��VXSDUDW��]LFH��&H�ED��DOELORU��YRXD�QX�YL�VH�IDFH�PLFD�FkQG�LQWUDWL�vQ�DSD�UHFH"���Ì�&H�FHUH�XQ�QHJUX�vQWU�R�FRIHWDULH"5�2�QHJUHVD����ÌQWU�XQ�PLF�RUDVHO�vQ�$ODEDPD�XQ�QHJUX�]DFH�SH�VWUDGD�FLXUXLW�GH����GH�JORDQWH�6HULIXO�VWD�OkQJD�HO�VL�]LFH��2K�VKLW��DVD�R�VLQXFLGHUH�FXPSOLWD�QX�DP�PDL�YD]XW�QLFLRGDWD������8Q�QHJUX�VDUH�JDUGXO�UH]HUYDWLHL��0HUJH�OD�RUDV��PDQkQFD�XQ�YLQ��EHD�R�IULSWXUD�)D]D�H�FD�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�XQ�ERX�GD�SHVWH�OXPkQDULOH�GH�SH�PDVD�VL�FkUFLXPD�LD�IRF��1HJUXO�YUHD�VD�LDVD��GDU�vVL�GD�VHDPDFD�Q�DUH�FXP�6LQJXUD�XVD�SH�FDUH�SRDWH�V�R�LD�GXFH�OD�R�VFDUD�FDUH�LHVH�SH�WHUDVD��$MXQV�SH�WHUDVD��QHJUXO�JkQGHVWH��%D��GD�GRELWRF�VXQW����XLWH�DFXP�R�VD�PRU�FD�ERXO����FH�PL�D�WUHEXLW�VWDWHDP�vQ�UH]HUYDWLH��PD�GXUHD�vQ�S D��H�DGHYDUDW��PDEDWHDX��GD�vPL�GDGHDX�VL�GH�PkQFDUH���ÌQWUH�WLPS�YLQ�SRPSLHULL�FX�SODVD�DLD�FDUH�SULQGH�SH�DLD�FDUH�VDU�GH�OD�JHDPXUL�VDX�GH�SH�EORF���3RPSLHULL��6SDQLROXOH��6DOYH]D�WH�VSDQLROXOH�6H�JkQGHVWH�QHJUXO�

Page 202: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�,�DX]L�IUDWH��VSDQLRO��FH�]LF�DVWLD��P�DX�YD]XW�PDL�FUHRO�DVD��GH�XQGH�VD�VWLH�HL�FD�HX�VXQW�QHJUX�VL�FD�DP�IXJLW�GLQ�UH]HUYDWLH"6DU�PkQFDWL�DV�VL�PD�VFRW�FD�XQ�VPHFKHU���GXSDLD�IXJ��FH�SXLL�PHL����P�DP�VFRV�6DUH�JDJLXO��LDU�FkQG�DMXQJH�SH�OD�MXPDWHD�GLVWDQWHL�SRPSLHULL�WUDJ�FX�XQ�JHVW�JUDWLRV�SODVD�GLQ�FDOHD�QHJUXOXL��2/(������8Q�URPDQ�VRVHVWH�LQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG��/D�DHURSRUW�VH�DVHD]D�OD�FRDGD�OD�DXWREX]��/D�FRDGD�HUDX�QXPDL�QHJUL�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GD�WUHFH�XQ�DOE�SH�ODQJD�HO�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��(VWL�QRX�SH�DLFL"�'D��3DL�XLWH�FXP�YLQH�WUHDED��QXPDL�QHJULL�PHUJ�FX�DXWREX]XO��DOELL�PHUJ�JUDWXLW�FX�WD[LXULOH�,D�RPXO�QRVWUX� WD[LXO�DMXQJH�OD�KRWHO�VL�VH�FD]HD]D��6SUH�VHDUD�VH�KRWDUDVWH�VD�PHDUJD� OD�FLQHPDWRJUDI��$FROR�VH�DVHD]D� ODFRDGD�OD�ELOHWH�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�FLQHYD�vO�vQWUHDED��'XPQHDWD�HVWL�QRX�SH�DLFL"�'D��UDVSXQGH�URPDQXO��$OELL�QX�VWDX�OD�FRDGD��8LWH�LD�WL�ELOHW�GH�OD�JKLVHXO�DFHOD�OLEHU�ÌVL� LD�RPXO�ELOHWXO� VL� LQWUD� LQ�VDOD�FLQHPDWRJUDIXOXL�� XQGH�HUDX�QXPDL�QHJUL��&kQG�GD�VD�VH�DVH]H�SH�XQ� VFDXQ��XQ�QHJUX� vOvQWUHDED��0DWD�HVWL�QRX�SH�DLFL"�'D��3DL�GX�WH�VXV�OD�HWDM��DFROR�VWDX�DOELL��3DUWHUXO�HVWH�SHQWUX�QHJUL�$MXQJH�RPX�OD�HWDM�VL�VH�LQVWDOHD]D�SH�VFDXQ��ÌQFHSH�ILOPXO�VL�GXSD�XQ�WLPS�vL�YLQH�VD�VH�SLVH�6H�VFRDOD��VL�vQFHDUFD�VD�LDVD��OD�FDUH�YHFLQXO�GH�VFDXQ�vO�vQWUHDED��(VWL�QRX�SH�DLFL��DVD�L"�'D�VXQW�QRX��(L�VD�VWLL�FD�DLFL�DOELL�QX�PHUJ�OD�WRDOHWD�OD�FLQHPDWRJUDI��6L�FXP�IDF"�7H�SLVL�GH�DLFL�SHVWH�SHVWH�DLD�GH�MRV�2PXO�QRVWUX�VH�FRQIRUPHD]D�VL�vQFHSH�VD�VL�IDFD�QHYRLD�SHVWH�EDOXVWUDGD�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�QHJUXO�GH�OD�SDUWHU�FDUH�HUD�XGDW�LQ�IHOXO�DFHVWD�VWULJD�VXSDUDW��$X]L��QX�L�DVD�FD�HVWL�QRX�SH�DLFL��'D��UDVSXQVH�URPDQXO��6H�YHGH��0DL�EDOHLD]�R�RPXOH��PDL�EDOHLD]�R����8Q�QHJUX�VH�GXFH�OD�RILFLXO�IRUWHORU�GH�PXQFD�GLQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG��%XQD�]LXD���$V�GRUL�XQ�ORF�GH�PXQFD��6LLLJXU�FXP�VD�QX��VH�SRDWH���]LVH�DOEXO��'DU�VD�VWLWL�FD�QX�PDL�DYHP�GHFkW�XQ�SRVW�GH�GLUHFWRU�OD�PLQHOH�GH�GLDPDQWH��GDFD�YDFRQYLQH��%LQHvQWHOHV��6DODULXO�GLQ�SDFDWH�D�PDL�VFD]XW��1X�PDL�HVWH���������DQ�FL���������DQ��([FHOHQW�VSXVH�FRQWUDULDW�QHJUXO��,DU�YLOD�XQGH�R�VD�ORFXLWL�QX�DUH�GHFDW�WUHL�HWDMH��QH�SDUH�UDX�VL�SHQWUX�SLVFLQD�FDUH�HVWH�GHRFDPGDWD�vQ�FRQVWUXFWLH�&kW�GHVSUH�OLPX]LQD�WUHEXLH�VD�YD�PXOWXPLWL�FX�Q�/LQFROQ�SHQWUX�FD�0HUFHGHV�XO�V�D�VWULFDW��&KLDU�DVD�GRPQXOH��QX�PL�YLQH�VD�FUHG��'XPQHDWD�vWL�EDWL�MRF�GH�PLQH�"�3DL�FLQH�D�vQFHSXW�SULPXO�"���8Q�1HJUX�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�'XPQH]HX��'RDPQH��GH�FH�P�DL�IDFXW�DVD�QHJUX""�7X�WUDLHVWL�vQ�MXQJOD��WUHEXLH�VD�WH�DVFXQ]L�vQ�FROWXULOH�vQWXQHFDWH�DOH�SHULFXORDVHL�MXQJOH�FD�VD�VFDSL�GH�SHULFROH��'RDPQH��GH�FH�DP�SDUXO�PLF�VL�FUHW""�7X�WH�FDWHUL�SULQ�FRSDFL��VL�GDFD�O�DL�DYHD�DOWIHO�WH�DL�DJDWD�FX�HO�GH�FUHQJL��'RDPQH��GH�FH�DP�GLQWLL�DVD�PDUL�VL�SXWHUQLFL""�7X�WUDLHVWL�vQ�MXQJOD��GHFL�WUHEXLH�VD�SRWL�PkQFD�URDGHOH�MXQJOHL��DGLFD�UDGDFLQL�WDUL��IUXFWH�GHOLFLRVH�VL�FDUQH�FUXGD��'RDPQH��GDU�DWXQFL�GH�FH�P�DL�ODVDW�VD�PD�QDVF�vQ�PLMORFXO�1HZ<RUN�XOXL�"���6HIXO� GH� WULE�0DWXPER�PHUJH� vQ� H[FXUVLH� GH� VWXGLL� vQ�$QJOLD�� ÌQWRUV� vQ� VDWXO� VDX� DIULFDQ�� vO� LD� SH� YUDFL� GHRSDUWH� VL� vLSRYHVWHVWH��/D�/RQGUD�H[LVD�QLVWH�YUDMLWRUL�JUR]DYL�������GH�RDPHQL�vPEUDFDWL�FRORUDW�VH�vQWkOQHVF�SH�XQ�WHUHQ�PDUH�VL�DOHDUJD�FD�QHEXQLGXSD�R�PLQJH�GH�SLHOH�6L�FH�VD�PDL�]LF��FHO�WkU]LX�vQ�]HFH�PLQXWH�vQFHSH�VD�SORXD������ÌQWU�XQ�FOXE�GH�QRDSWH�vQWU�XQ�VWDW�GLQ�VXGXO�DPHULFLL�VH�JLXJLXOHVF�GH�YUHR�GRXD�RUH�GRL�QHJULL��&H�VD�IDF"�vQWUHDED�EDUPDQXO�SH�PDQDJHU��2DVSHWLL�PHL�DOEL�VH�YRU�vQIXULD�

Page 203: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�)RDUWH�VLPSOX��VSXQH�SDWURQXO��FHUL�SODWD�LPHGLDW�VL�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�FRPDQGD�GXEOH]L�SUHWXO��GRL��SDWUX��RSW�GRODUL�SHEDXWXUD�7RW�DVD�VL�YHL�YHGHD�FH�UHSHGH�R�WXOHVF�'XSD�R�MXPDWDWH�GH�RUD�YLQH�EDUPDQXO�LDUDVL��&H�VD�PD�IDF�GHMD�FRVWD�����GRODUL�SH�UHSUL]D��,GLRWXOH�DUXQFD�JXQRLXO�DOE�DIDUD�GLQ�EDU����$QRQLP�DIULFDQ�6WLPDWH�RP�DOE��(X��FkQG�DP�YHQLW�SH�OXPH��HUDP�QHJUX�$P�FUHVFXW�PDUH�VL�VXQW�WRW�QHJUX�0D�GXF�OD�SODMD�VL�UDPDQ�QHJUX�&kQG�PL�H�IULJ��VXQW�WRW�QHJUX�&kQG�FHYD�PD�vQIXULH��UDPkQ�QHJUX�&kQG�VXQW�EROQDY��IDWD�PL�H�QHDJUD�&kQG�YRL�PXUL��SLHOHD�PL�YD�IL�QHDJUD�ÌQ�WLPS�FH�WX��RPXOH�DOE���&kQG�DL�YHQLW�SH�OXPH�HUDL�UR]�$L�FUHVFXW�VL�DL�GHYHQLW�DOE�7H�GXFL�OD�SODMD�VL�GHYLL�PDUR�&kQG�WL�H�IULJ��WHQYLQHWHVWL�&kQG�WHQIXULL�WHQURVHVWL�OD�IDWD�&kQG�WHQEROQDYHVWL��SLHOHD�WL�H�JDOEHQD�&kQG�YHL�PXUL�SLHOHD�WL�YD�GHYHQL�FHQXVLH��������VL��GXSD�WRDWH�DFHVWHD��PDL�DL�VL�WXSHXOVD�PD�QXPHVWL��20�'(�&8/2$5(�����3URJUDPXO�XQXL�WXUQHX�GH�SROR�GLQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG�ÌQ�PHFLXO�GH�GHVFKLGHUH�YD�MXFD�R�HFKLSD�GH�DOEL�FX�R�HFKLSD�GH�DOEL�ÌQ�XUPDWRUXO�PHFL�YD�MXFD�R�HFKLSD�GH�DOEL�FX�R�HFKLSD�GH�QHJUL�ÌQ�UHVWXO�PHFLXULORU�YD�MXFD�FkWH�R�HFKLSD�GH�QHJUL�FX�R�HFKLSD�GH�FURFRGLOL����Ì�&XP�VH�MRDFD�EDVFKHW�vQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG�"5�1HJUXO�FX�WULFRX�YHUGH��FURFRGLOLL�FX�WULFRXUL�URVLL����8Q��LHVH�QRDSWHD�EHDW�GLQWU�R�FLUFLXPD��ÌO�DFRVWHD]D�R�QHJUHVD��(L�LXELWXOH��YLL�FX�PLQH�DFDVD"�'D�FH�VD�FDXW�HX�QRDSWHD�WDPDQ�vQ�$IULFD"���8Q�EDUEDW�D�SULPLW�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YHVWHD�FD�YD�IL�WDWD�%XFXURV�QHYRLH�PDUH��LQ�SULPHOH�WUHL�OXQL�VH�JkQGHD��7H�URJ�'RDPQH��VD�ILH�EDLDW���ÌQ�XUPDWRDUHOH�WUHL�OXQL��7H�URJ�'RDPQH��VD�ILH�DO�PHX��,DU�vQ�XOWLPHOH�WUHL�OXQL��7H�URJ��'RDPQH��VD�QX�ILH�QHJUX�����8Q�FRPSDUWLPHQW�GH�WUHQ��ÌQ�HO�R�EXQLFD�FX�QHSRWHOXO��VL�DOWL�FkWLYD�SDVDJHUL�SULQWUH�FDUH�XQ�QHJUX��%XQLFR��EXQLFR��XLWH�R�PDLPXWD��]LFH�QHSRWHOXO�XLWkQGX�VH�OD�QHJUX��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD��FXP�SRWL�VD�VSXL�DVD�FHYD��]LFH�EXQLFD�7UHFH�XQ�WLPS��%XQLFR��EXQLFR��LD�XLWH�DFROR�R�PDLPXWD��7L�DP�VSXV�VD�WDFL�GLQ�JXUD��QX�H�IUXPRV�VD�VSXL�DVD�FHYD�0DL�WUHFH�XQ�WLPS�%XQLFR��EXQLFR��XLWD�WH��HVWH�R�PDLPXWD��]LFH�LDUDVL�QHSRWHOX��1X�H�IUXPRV�FH�VSXL��WDFL�GLQ�JXUD��]LFH�EXQLFD�/DVDWL�GRDPQD��VH�PDL�vQWDPSOD��]LFH�QHJUX�3WLX�GUDFH��,DX�XLWH�FD�VL�YRUEHVWH��]LFH�EXQLFD����ÌQ�$ODEDPD�XQ�DOE�EHDW� vVL�FRQGXFH�MHHSXO�VL�DFFLGHQWHD]D�GRL�SLHWRQL�QHJUL� vQ� VD�KDO� vQFkW�XQXO�]ERDUD� OD�GRXD]HFL�GHPHWUL�LDU�FHODODOW�WUHFH�SULQ�SDUEUL]�6HULIXO��FKHPDW�OD�IDWD�ORFXOXL�SULYHVWH�FHL�GRL�QHJULL�vQVkQJHUDWL�VL�]LFH�

Page 204: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�/D�DVWD�H�FD]XO�FODU���vQFHUFDUH�GH�VSDUJHUH�GH�DXWRWXULVPH���'DU�FHODODOW"�3H�DVWD�vO�SXWHP�DFX]D�GH��vQFHUFDUH�GH�IXJD�GH�ODORFXO�DFFLGHQWXOXL�������8Q�QHJUX�YLQH�OD�VWXGLL�vQ�7LPLVRDUD�VL�QHRELVQXLW�FX�FOLPD�UHFH�D�5RPkQLHL�GD�RUWXO�SRSLL�)LLQG�R�VROXWLH�PDL�LHIWLQD�SHQWUX�WUDQVSRUWXO�PRUWXOXL�VH�SUHIHUD�LFLQHUDUHD�VD�0XQFLWRUXO�GH�OD�FUHPDWRULX�vO�LQWURGXFH�vQ�FXSWRU�DSULQGH�IRFXO�VL�GXSD�R�EXQD�EXFDWD�GH�WLPS�YUHD�VD�YDGD�GDFD�PRUWXO�DDUV�FRPSOHW�'HVFKLGH�XVD�FXSWRUXOXL�VL�GLQDXQWUX�DXGH�R�YRFH��ÌQFKLGH�vQ�S D�PDWLL�XVD��FD�WUDJH�FXUHQWXO�������8Q�QHJUX�PRDUH�VL�EDWH�OD�XVD�UDLXOXL��6IkQWXO�3HWUX�vL�GHVFKLGH��&H�YUHL�DLFL"�(X�VXQW�-RKQ�%URZQ�GLQ�$ODEDPD��VL�DP�GUHSWXO�VD�YLQ�vQ�UDL�SHQWUX�FD��DP�WUDLW�vQ�$ODEDPD�DP�LXELW�vQ�$ODEDPD�R�IDWD�DOED�VL�P�DP�FDVDWRULW�FX�HD�vQ�$ODEDPD��,PSRVLELO��]LFH�3HWUX��GH�QHFUH]XW��6L�DVWD�vQ�$ODEDPD�"�&kQG�V�D�vQWkPSODW�DVWD"�$FXP���0LQXWH�������ÌQWU�XQ�PRPHQW�GH�UHOD[DUH�D�UHODWLLORU�5��6XG�$IULFDQH�FX�FRPXQLWDWHD�LQWHUQDWLRQDOD�R�GHOHJDWLH�GLQ�SDUWHD�((&�IDFH�R�YL]LWD�SHQWUX�D�VH�FRQYLQJH�GH�UHQXQWDUHD�OD�$SDUWKHLG�HWF��vQ�YHGHUHD�UHOXDULL�UHODWLLORU�HFRQRPLFH��7RWXO�PHUJH�ELQH��JHWWRXUL�PRGHO��QHJULL�SULQ�DXWREX]H�GH�SURWRFRO�$WPRVIHUD�HVWH�UHOD[DWD��&D�XOWLP�SXQFW��R�WXUD�FX�DYLRQXO�GHDVXSUD�VDYDQHL�=EXUkQG�SHVWH�XQ�UkX��)UHGHULN�GH�.OHUN��QRX�SUHVHGLQWH��DWUDJH�DWHQWLD�vQDOWLORU�RDVSHWL�DVXSUD�XQXL�IDSW�UHPDUFDELO�2�EDUFD�FX�PRWRU�FRQGXVD�GH�GRL�DOEL�WUDJH�vQ�XUPD�XQ�QHJUX�SH�VFKLXUL��'�ORU��VSHU�FD�DFHDVWD�LPDJLQH�HOLPLQD�RULFH�GXELL�'HOHJDWLD�HQWX]LDVPDWD�SURPLWH�SHUIHFWDUHD�UHOXDULL�VFKLPEXULORU�FRPHUFLDOH�7RDWD�OXPHD�H�PXOWXPLWD��1XPDL�SH�3LHN�%RWD��GH�OD�,QWHUQH��WRW�vO�URDGH�FHYD�ÌQ�ILQDO�vO�WUDJH�GLVFUHW�SH�SUHVHGLQWH�GH�PkQHFD��)UHGHULN��GUDJD��VD�VWLL�FD�HVWL�XQ�QHJRFLDWRU�JHQLDO��GDU�VH�YHGH�FD�Q�DL�IRVW�OD�WDUD�+DEDU�Q�DL�GH�YkQDWRDUHD�GH�FURFRGLOL���Ì�&XP�VXQW�vQJURSDWL�QHJULL�vQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG"5�'H]EUDFDWL��vQ�IDWD�EDUXULORU�VL�FX�FXUXQ�VXV�FD�VD�DLED�DOELL�XQGH�VD�VL�SDUFKH]H�ELFLFOHWHOH����'H�FH�PLURDVH�QHJULL�DWkW�GH�XUDW"5�&D�VD�L�XUDVFD�VL�RUELL����Ì�&DUH�HVWH�VLQJXUXO�OXFUX�DOE�OD�XQ�QHJUX"�5����6WDSkQXO������'RL�SULHWHQL��XQ�DOE�VL�XQ�QHJUX��VWDWHDX�SH�PDOXO�DSHL��OD�SHVFXLW�$PkQGXURUD�OH�DWkUQD�PDGXODUXO�vQ�DSD��9DL��FH�UHFH�L�DSD�����VSXQH�DOEXO��6L�FH�QLVLSRV�H�IXQGXO��FRPSOHWHD]D�QHJUXO����Ì��'H�FH�QX�VH�IDF�SHU]HUYDWLYH�GH�FXORDUH�QHDJUD"5�1HJUXO�VXEWLLD]D�����8Q�QHJUX�VSDOD�JHDPXULOH�OD�XQ�]JkULH�QRUL��VL�vQ�WLPS�FH�IUHFD�GH�]RU�SH�OD�XOWLPXO�HWDM��YHGH�XQ�vQJHU��3RDWH�DP�YHGHQLL���VL�FRQWLQXD�VD�VWHDUJD�6H�PDL�XLWD�RGDWD��VL�O�YHGH�SH�vQJHU�YHQLQG�FDWUH�HO��6H�VWHUJH�OD�RFKL��VH�PDL�XLWD�RGDWD�VL�HUD�FKLDU�XQ�vQJHU�ÌQJHUXO�vQFHSH�VD�L�VSXQD�vQFHWLVRU��$UXQFD�WHHHHH���1HJUX�VSHULDW�VSDOD�PDL�GHSDUWH��$UXQFD�WHHHH����'RDPQH��QX�L�DGHYDUDW��QX�VH�SRDWH��XQ�vQJHU�QX�PL�FHUH�VD�PD�RPRU��$UXQFD��WHHHH����2.��VH�ODVD�QHJUXO�YUDMLW��GD�GDFD�PD�DUXQF��DWXQFL�DMXQJ�vQ�UDL"�'D�DUXQFD�WHHH���1HJUXO�vVL�IDFH�FUXFH�VL�VL�GD�GUXPXO��OD�FDUH�vQJHUXO�VFXLSkQG��3WLX��FH�VFkUED�PL�H�GH�QHJULL�DVWLD����8Q�PLVLRQDU�vQ�$IULFD��'HRGDWD�YHGH�XQ�QHJUX�FDUH�EDWH�GLVSHUDW�vQWU�R�WRED��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW��ILXOH"

Page 205: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�1X�PDL�DYHP�DSD��6L�DFXP�WH�URJL�OD�]HL�VL�FHUL�SORDLH"�'D�GH�XQGH���FKHP�LQVWDODWRUXO����Ì�&H�DX�vQ�FRPXQ�EORQGHOH�YRSVLWH�VL�PXODWULL"5�5DGDFLQL�QHJUH������8Q�EDUEDW�YLQH�DFDVD�VL�vVL�JDVHVWH�QHYDVWD�FX�XQ�QHJUX�vQ�SDW�%DUEDWXO�QHUYRV�vL�VSXQH�QHYHVWHL���$FXP�DP�YD]XW�QHJUX�SH�DOE�FD�PD�vQVHOL�����Ì�&H�UH]XOWD�GDFD�vPSHUHFKH]L�XQ�QHJUX�FX�R�PDLPXWD"5�7RW�R�PDLPXWD������8Q�QHJUX�LHVH�GLQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ�VL�DXWREX]XO�vL�SOHDFD�GH�VXE�QDV��'XSD����GH�PHWUL�DXWREX]XO�H[SORGHD]D�$�GRXD�]L�QHJUXO�LHVH�GLQ�PDJD]LQ�VL�DXWREX]XO�vL�SOHDFD�LDUDVL�GH�VXE�QDV��'XSD����GH�PHWUL�DXWREX]XO�H[SORGHD]D�$�WUHL�]L�LHVH�QHJUXO�OD�WLPS�GLQ�PDJD]LQ�VL�VH�XUFD�vQ�DXWREX]��'XSD����GH�PHWUL�H[SORGHD]D�PDJD]LQXO�������6D�YH]L�WX�FH�vQWvPSODUH�vQJUR]LWRDUH�V�D�SHWUHFXW�FkQG�DP�IRVW�vQ�H[FXUVLD�DFHHD�vQ�$IULFD��&H��WX"�7UHFHDP�vQ�VLU�LQGLDQ����3DUFD�]LFHDL�FD�vQ�$IULFD����'D�� WX��GDU�DVD�VH�VSXQH�� VLU� LQGLDQ��$GLFD� XQXO� vQDLQWHD�DOWXLD�� FD�GRDU�QX�PHUJHDP�SH�DXWRVWUDGD��PHUJHDP�SULQ� MXQJODYLUJLQD��0D�URJ��(L��VL�DP�IRVW�DWDFDWL�GH�XQ�JUXS�GH�PDLPXWH��]HFL�GH�PDLPXWH��'DFD�QX�P�DU�IL�VPXOV�XQ�WkQDU�LQGLJHQ�GLQ�JKHDUHOH�ORU��DV�ILIRVW�SLHUGXWD��6WDL�SXWLQ��WX��'DU�vQ�vQJKHVXLDOD�DLD��FXP�GH�WH�D�UHFXQRVFXW�WkQDUXO�LQGLJHQ�GLQWUH�DWkWHD�PDLPXWH"���8Q�VPHFKHUDV�GH�FDUWLHU�VH�GXFH�vQWU�XQ�EDU�VL�FHUH�EDUPDQXOXL�QHJUX��%DL��IDWD�GH�FXU��DGX�UHSHGH�R�EHUH�%DUPDQXO�LO�DSXFD�GH�JDW��MDS��MDS�GRXD�SDOPH�SH�FRFRDVD�VL�O�GD�DIDUD�$�GRXD�VHDUD�LDU��%DL�IDWD�GH�FXU�DGX�UHSHGH�R�EHUH�%DUPDQXO�vO�LD�OD�VXWXUL�VL�O�GD�DIDUD�$�WUHLD�VHDUD�EDUPDQXO�EHD�VL�HO�OLQLVWLW�XQ�VXF�FX�SDLXO�FkQG�LQWUD�VPHFKHUDVXO�vQ�EDU��$X]L�PRVXOH��FkQG�WHUPLQL�FOLVPD�DVWD��DGX�PL�R�EHUH����ÌQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG�XQ�QHJUX�PHUJHD�FX�XQ�SDSDJDO�SH�XPDU�VL�SH�GUXP�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�XQ�DOE��9DL�FH�IUXPRV�H��YRUEHVWH�"�]LVH�DOEXO��1X�VWLX�FD�DFXP�O�DP�FXPSDUDW��]LVH�SDSDJDOXO����8Q�QHJUX�LQWUD�FX�XQ�SDSDJDO�SH�XQ�XPDU�vQWU�XQ�EDU��%DUPDQXO�YD]kQGX�O�vO�vQWUHDED��0D�GD�IDLQ�vL��GH�XQGH�O�DL"/D�FDUH�SDSDJDOXO��'LQ�$IULFD��0DL�VXQW�PLOLRDQH������8Q�QHJUX�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU�LQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG��6H�SOkQJH�GH�GXUHUL�vQ�JkW�'RFWRUXO� vO�SXQH�VD� VH�GH]EUDFH�FRPSOHW�GXSD�FDUH� vO�SXQH� VD�PHDUJD� vQ�SDWUX� ODEH� VL� VD� VWHD�FkWH�SXWLQ� vQ� ILHFDUH�FROW� DOFDELQHWXOXL�1HJUXO��FDP�XLPLW��VH�H[HFXWD��GXSD�FDUH�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�GRFWRU�FH�OHJDWXUD�DUH�WUHDED�DVWD�FX�GXUHULOH�OXL�GH�JkW�/D�FDUH�GRFWRUXO�UDVSXQGH��1X�Q�DUH�QLFL�R�OHJDWXUD��GDU�PL�DP�FXPSDUDW�R�PDVD�QHDJUD�SHQWUX�FDELQHW�VL�PD�JkQGHDP�XQGH�VD�R�SXQ����8Q�WLJDQ�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�XQ�VHI�GH�WULE�DIULFDQ��0D��PLQFDWL�DV��FXP�IDFL�GH�WL�LHV�WkQFLL�DLD�QHJUL��FD�LR�FXP�R�GDX�WRW�FDIHQLL�LHV����3DL�R�DL�DLD�OXQJD�FD�D�PHD"�1X��PkQFDWL�DV����'D�DVD�JURDVD"�3DL����QX��0L�DP�vQFKLSXLW�HX�FD�DVWD�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH��LQWUD�OXPLQD����&LFD�SH�YDOHD�=DLUXOXL��XQ�PLVLRQDU�WRW�SUHGLFD�FX�VILQWHQLH�GH�XQ�DQ��&DOXO�VDX�GH�EDWDLH�HUDX�SDFDWHOH�VH[XDOH��DGXOWHU�IRUQLFDWLH��HWF���ÌWU�R�EXQD�]L��QHYDVWD�XQXL�RP�GH�YD]D�DO�WULEXOXL�QDVWH�XQ�FRSLO�DOE��3DP��3DP��6HIXO�GH�WULE�HVWH�WULPLV�VDUH]ROYH�SUREOHPD��6H�SUH]LQWD�OD�PLVLRQDU�VL�vQFHSH�

Page 206: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�3DULQWH��QRL�DLFHD�VXQWHP�QHJUL�GH�FkQG�QH�VWLP��,HUL��QHYDVWD� OXL�0PREXWX�D�QDVFXW�XQ�FRSLO�DOE��1X�WUHEXLH�VD� ILL�YUHXQJHQLX�FD�VD�WL�GDL�VHDPD�FH�V�D�vQWDPSODW��&H�DL�GH�JkQG�VD�IDFL��SDULQWH"$FHVWD�vO�LD�GH�GXSD�XPHUL�VL��VIDWRV��vQFHSH�VD�O�YUDMHDVFD��8LWH�FH�H��0PREXWX��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�H�R�SR]QD�D�QDWXULL��6H�FKHDPD�DOELQLVP��$VD�IDFH�QDWXUD�JOXPH��9H]L��GH�H[HPSOX�VWDQD�WD�GH�RL��7RDWH�VXQW�DOEH�VL�FH�VD�YH]L��vQWUH�HOH�XQD�QHDJUD�0PREXWX�VH�VFDUSLQD�vQ�FDS�VL�]LFH��3DULQWH��VWLL�FH��HX�QX�VWLX�QLPLF�GH�QLFL�XQ�FRSLO�DOE��VL�QLFL�WX�GH�QLFL�R�RDLH�QHDJUD��ELQH"���Ì�&H�H�DOE�VL�FDP�DVD�GH�OXQJ"��DUDWD�FX�PkLQLOH��XQD�OD�EUkX�VL�XQD�PDL�MRV�GH�JHQXQFKL�5�1LPLF������8Q� QHJUX� PHUJH� SULQ� GHVHUW� VL� DXGH� QLVWH� WLSHWH� GLVSHUDWH� GH� IHPHLH�� $OHDUJD� vQ� GLUHFWLD� UHVSHFWLYD� VL� YHGH� R� WkQDUDVXSHUED�]EDWkQGX�VH�vQ�VWUkQVRDUHD�XQXL�VDUSH�XULDV��1HJUXO�VFRDWH�XQ�FXWLW�VL�RPRDUD�VDUSHOH��0�DL�VDOYDW��(X�VLQW�R�]kQD�IHUPHFDWD�VL�SRW�VD�WL�vQGHSOLQHVF�R�GRULQWD��RULFH��$V�YUHD�VSXQH�QHJUXO�H[FLWDW��VD�PD�IDFL�DOE�VL�VD�PD�SXL�vQWUH�SLFLRDUHOH�WDOH�6L�DWXQFL��]kQD�O�D�WUDQVIRUPDW�SH�ORF�vQWU�XQ�WDPSRQ�LPDFXODW�GH�YDWD����8Q�GLWDPDL�����vQWkPSLQD�XQ�IURQW�GH�WXUEXOHQWD�PD[LPD�DVD�FD�SLORWXO�Q�DUH�vQFRWUR�VL�DQXQWD�SDVDJHULL�FD�YUHR�FvWLYDGLQWUH�HL�YRU�IL�VDFULILFDWL��/H�PDL�]LFH�FD�DOHJHUHD�FHORU�FDUH�YRU�IL�DUXQFDWL�GLQ�DYLRQ�VH�YD�IDFH��FRQIRUP�UHJXODPHQWXOXL��vQRUGLQH�DOIDEHWLFD��$IULFDQ�$PHULFDQV��SOHDVH�1LFL�XQXO��%ODFNV�1LFL�XQXO��'DUNLHV�1LFL�XQXO��-XQJOH�EXQQLHV�1LFL�XQXO��8Q�QHJUX�PDUH�VL�XUkW�vVL�WLQHD�FRSLOXO�vQ�EUDWH�VL�O�PkQJkLD�SH�FDS�]LFkQG��)LL�FXPLQWH��FD�D]L�VXQWHP�QLJJHUV����8Q�EDUEDW�EORQG�DVWHDSWD�OD�VSLWDO�VD�QDVFD�QHYDVWD�VD���,HVH�GRFWRUXO�GLQ�VDOD�VL�VSXQH��$YHWL�FLQFL�JHPHQL��$K��VWLDP�FD�IXQFWLRQH]�FD�XQ�WXQ��]LFH�RPXO�PkQGUX��$WXQFL�VD�O�FXUDWDWL�SXWLQ�SHQWUX�FD�SOR]LL�VXQW�FRPSOHW�QHJUL����Ì�&DUH�L�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�QHJUX�VL�XQ�LQGLDQ"5�'RXD�VHFXQGH�GH�PLFURZDYH����Ì�'H�FH�OH�D�GDW�'XPQH]HX�QHJULORU�XQ�SHQLV�DVD�GH�PDUH"5�3HQWUX�FD�L�D�IRVW�PLOD�GH�FH�D�IDFXW�FX�SDUXO�ORU������8Q�QHJUX�PHUJH�FX�FRSLOXO�OXL��&RSLOXO��7DWD��GH�FH�DYHP�QRL�SLHOHD�DVD�GH�QHDJUD��VL�DOELL�QX"7DWD��3DL�ILXOH��FkQG�PHUJL�OD�YkQDWRDUH�VXE�VRDUHOH�DU]DWRU�DO�$IULFLL��DOEXO�YD�IL�DUV�GH�6RDUH�VL�YD�PXUL��GDU�WX�QX�&RSLOXO��'DU�WDWD��GH�FH�DYHP�QRL�QDULOH�DVD�GH�PDUL�VL�DOELL�QX"7DWD��)LXOH�� vQ�GHVHUWXO�DIULFDQ��FkQG�HVWL� OD�YkQDWRDUH�� WX�FX�QDULOH�DVWHD�R�VD�DGXOPHFL�YkQDWXO��GDU�RPXO�DOE�QX��VL�YD�PXUL�GHIRDPH��GDU�WX�QX�&RSLOXO��ÌQWHOHJ�WDWD��GDU�DWXQFL�QRL�FH�FDXWDP�OD�/RQGUD"���'RL�QHJUL�PHUJ�SULQ�WXQHO��=LFH�XQXO��+H\�PDQ��DP�JDVLW������&HODODOW��(X�Q�����8XXXXX�SII�SII�SII�SII�SII�SII�SII�SII��8XXXXX�SII�SII�SII�SII�SII�SII�SII�SII������8Q�QHJUX�vQ�GHVHUW�GLVSHUDW�GH�VHWH�GD�GH�XQ�SXL�GH�FROREDVWLWD�IHUPHFDW�VL�FD�VD�QR�EHD�GH�YLH�FROREDVWLWD�vL�VSXQH�FD�vLvQGHSOLQHVWH�WUHL�GRULQWH��6WD�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH�QHJUXO�VL�]LFH��9UHDX�VD�ILX�DOE�VD�DP�DSD��PXOWD�DSD�VL�VD�YDG�SL GD�PXOWD�SL GD�����=LV�VL�IDFXW�VSXQH�OLJKLRDQD��VL�O�WUDQVIRUPD�vQWU�XQ�:&�OD�R�WRDOHWD�SXEOLFD�GH�IHPHL���

Page 207: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���8QXO�YLQH�vQ�EDU� VL� VH�SXQH� OD�PDVD� OD�FDUH� VHGHD� vQWRWGHDXQD��'LQ�JUHVHDOD�RFKLL� vL�SLFD�SH� WDEOD�DFHVWHLD� VL�YHGH� WUHLFUHVWDWXUL�vQ�OHPQ��XQD�OD�����XQD�OD����VL�XQD�OD����GH�FHQWLPHWULL�GH�PDUJLQHD�PHVHL��1HVWLLQG�GHVSUH�FH�H�YRUED�vQWUHDEDEDUPDQLWD��&H�L�FX�FUHVWDWXULOH�DVWHD�vQ�PDVD"�$��6DSWDPkQD�WUHFXWD�DX�IRVW�DLFL�WUHL�DIULFDQL��VL�GXSD�FH�DX�EDXW�PDL�PXOW�VL�DX�PDVXUDW�SX LOH��$VWD�L�QLPLF��6L�HX�SRW�OXD�SDUWHOD�FRQFXUV��]LFH�WLSXO�QRVWUX�VL�vVL�GD�QDGUDJLL�MRV�/D�FDUH�EDUPDQLWD��3RWL�VD�vWL�ULGLFL�SDQWDORQLL��7LSLL�GH�FDUH�YRUEHDP�DX�VWDW�OD�PDVD�GLQ�IXQG�������8Q�QHJUX�YLQH�OD�VSLWDO�GXSD�XQ�DFFLGHQW�GH�PXQFD��VL�D�WDLDW�GHJHWXO�PLMORFLX��0HGLFXO�vL�VSXQH��1H�SDUH�UDX��GHJHWXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�QX�YL�O�SXWHP�FRDVH�OD�ORF��GDU�DP�DYHD�XQ�GHJHW�DOE��GDFD�VXQWHWL�GH�DFRUG"1HJUXO� DFFHSWD� VL� DUH� GLQ� QRX� GHJHW�� 'XSD� XQ� WLPS� QHJUXO�� vQ� DXWREX]� YHQLQG� GH� OD� OXFUX� VH� WLQGH� GH� R� EDUD� FX� PkQDDFFLGHQWDWD��2�EDEXWD�vL�SULYHVWH�GHJHWXO�VL�]LFH��(L��GRPQXOH�FRVDU��LDU�DWL�GDW�R�IXJD�VFXUWD��DFDVD��vQ�SDX]D�GH�SUkQ]"�������Ì�&DUH�H�SULPXO�FXYkQW�SH�FDUH�vO�vQYDWD�QHJULL"5�&XP�H�VL�QRUPDO��0RWKHU�Ì�&DUH�H�DO�GRLOHD�FXYkQW�SH�FDUH�vO�vQYDWD�QHJULL"5�)XFNHU%DQFXUL�FX�UXVL��Ì�&XP�VFXIXQ]L�XQ�VXEPDULQ�UXVHVF"5�ÌO�EDJL�vQ�DSD�����ÌL�]LFH�$OLRVD�OXL�,YDQ��%D�,YDQH��WX�VD�VWLL�FD�QX�H[LVWD�IHPHL�XUkWH�FL�QXPDL�SUHD�SXWLQD�YRGFD�����&RVPDUXO�OXL�%UHVQHY�6D�DLED�vQ�3LDWD�5RVLH���PLOLRDQH�GH�FKLQH]L��vPEUDFDWL�vQ�FRVWXPH�SRSXODUH�URPkQHVWL�VL�FDUH�VWULJD�vQ�OLPED�FHKD��GDWL�QHGUXPX�vQ�,VUDHO����Ì�&H�QDWLRQDOLWDWH�DYHDX�$GDP�VL�(YD"5�(UDX�UXVL��QX�DYHDX�FH�vPEUDFD��QX�DYHDX�FDVD�VL�FUHGHDX�WRWXVL�FD�WUDLHVF�vQ�3DUDGLV���Ì�&H�H�PDUH�URVX�VL�SXWH"5�$UPDWD�5RVLH�FkQG�VH�GHVFDOWD���8Q�DJHQW�VHFUHW�DPHULFDQ�PHUJH�vQ�5XVLD�vQWU�R�ERGHJD�VL�vQFHDUFD�VD�VL�GHPRQVWUH]H�FD�QX�YD�IL�UHFXQRVFXW�FD�QHILLQG�GHRULJLQH�UXVD�&HUH�vQ�FHD�PDL�SHUIHFWD�UXVD�XQ�SDKDU�GH�YRWFD�VL�vO�EHD�GLQWU�R�vQJKLWLWXUD�5XVLL�GLQ�EDU�VH�XLWD�DGPLUDWLY�OD�HO�VL�]LF��7X�QX�HVWL�UXV�$PHULFDQXO�vQIXULDW�LD�R�EDODODLFD�GH�OD�XQXO�GH�SH�VFHQD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�FkQWH�OD�HD�FD�XQ�PHVWHU�%DUPDQXO�VL�UXVLL�GLQ�MXU��7X�QX�HVWL�UXV�$PHULFDQXO�PDL�vQFHDUFD�XQ�WULF��&HUH�RUFKHVWUHL�VD�FkQWH�XQ�FD]DFLRF��6L�vQFHSH�DPHULFDQXO�QRVWUX�VD�GDQVH]H�FD�DSXFDW�%DUPDQXO�VL�UXVLL�GLQ�MXU��7X�QX�HVWL�UXV�6XSDUDW�OD�FXOPH�DPHULFDQXO�vQWUHDED�SH�EDUPDQ��'H�FH�WRW�VSXQHWL�FD�QX�VXQW�UXV"�3DL�GH�EDXW�DWL�EDXW�FD�XQ�UXV��GH�FkQWDW�OD�EDODODLFD�DL�FkQWDW�FD�FHL�PDL�PHVHULDVL�GH�OD�QRL��LDU�GH�GDQVDW�FD]DFLRF�Q�DP�PDLYD]XW�SH�QLPHQL�VD�GDQVH]H�DVD�GH�ELQH��6L�DWXQFL"�3DL�QRL�vQ�5XVLD�QX�DYHP�QHJULL�����8Q�DJHQW� VRYLHWLF�HVWH� WULPLV� vQ�6�8�$��VD� OXFUH]H�SHQWUX�.�*�%���2�SHULRDGD�GH��� VDSWDPkQL� WRDWH� OXFUXULOH�PHUJ� ELQH�SDUHD�FD�VSLRQDMXO�H�VLPSOX��SkQD�FkQG�vQWU�R�GLPLQHDWD�OD�XVD��DPHULFDQXOXL��URVX�VXQD���WLSL�FkW�GXODSX�FX�RFKHODUL�IXPXULLVL�IHWH�ULJLGH��'RPQXOH��WUHEXLH�VD�VWDP�GH�YRUED�

Page 208: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

ÌO�vQVIDFD�SH�UXV��vO�DUXQFD�vQWU�R�OLPX]LQD�FX�JHDPXUL�RSDFH�VL�����RUD�PDL�WkU]LX�DFHVWD�VH�DIOD�vQWU�R�FDPHUD�vQWXQHFDWD��LDUGLQ�VSDWHOH�XQXL�ELURX�R�YRFH�vL�VSXQHD��'RPQX�,YDQ�GXPQHDWD�GHVIDVRUL�DFWLYLWDWL�GH�VSLRQDM�GLQ�GDWD�GH������DL�vQ�VXERUGLQH�UHWHDXD�LQIRUPDWLYD�FRPSXVD�GLQ������LDUFDVXWHOH�SRVWDOH�SH�FDUH� OH� IRORVHVWL� VXQW� ����'XSD�FXP�REVHUYL�QRL� VWLP� WRWXO� vQVD�� VXQWHP� LQWHUHVDWL� GH�DJHQWL� YDORURVL�FDGXPQHDWD�� FDUH� DP� GRUL� VD� QL� VH� DODWXUH�� (YLGHQW� DVLJXUDP� R� SURWHFWLH� FRUHVSXQ]DWRDUH�� LQFOXVLY� PHPEULORU� IDPLOLHL�UHVSHFWLY�VFKLPEDUH�GH�QXPH��GRPLFLOLX��RSHUDWLL�HVWHWLFH���XQ�VDODULX�FRQVLGHUDELO��'HFL��OXFUH]L�SHQWUX�QRL",YDQ�QX�VFRWHD�QLFL�R�YRUED��ÌQWHOHJ���VSXQH�YRFHD���HVWH�R�GHFL]LH�JUHD��SHQWUX�XQ�PHPEUX�GH�SDUWLG��$L�R�RUD�OD�GLVSR]LWLH�VD�DOHJL����'XSD�R�RUD�WLSXOUHYLQH��'HFL��GRPQXOH�,YDQ",YDQ�WDFHD�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH��6H�SDUH�FD�QX�P�DP�IDFXW�vQWHOHV��]LFH�WLSXO��%DLHWL���8UPHD]D�R�EDWDLH�QDSUD]QLFD��VkQJH��GLQWL�UXSWL��IUDFWXUL��GHJHWH�vQ�WRFXO�XVLL��HWF���&XP�UDPkQH��GRPQXOH�,YDQ",YDQ�WDFHD�PkOF��8UPHD]D�R�SHULRDGD�GH���VDSWDPkQL�GH� WUDWDPHQW�VLPLODU�� FKLDU��vPEXQDWDWLW��� ,YDQ�UH]LVWD�HURLF�� ÌQ� ILQDODPHULFDQLL�WUDJ�FRQFOX]LD��'RPQH�DVWD�DUH�VHFHUD�VL�FLRFDQXO�WDWXDWH�SH�vQLPD��1X�VFRDWHP�QLPLF�GH�OD�HO��7RWXVL��SHQWUX�FD�D�UH]LVWDW�OD�WUDWDPHQWXOFDUH�vL�VSDUJH�FKLDU�SH�FHL�PDL�WDUL�vQ���RUH��R�VD�L�IDFHP�IDYRUXO�GH�D�O�SDUDVXWD�OD�HO�LQ�8�5�6�6��$VD�VH�VL�vQWkPSOD��LDU�,YDQ�HVWH�GHVFRSHULW�SH�MXPDWDWH�vQJKHWDW�VL�SOLQ�GH�UDQL��GH�WRYDUDVL��(VWH�WUDQVSRUWDW�OD�FHO�PDL�EXQVSLWDO�PLOLWDU�VL�GXSD�OXQL�GH�WUDWDPHQW��OD�H[WHUQDUH�HVWH�SULPLW�GH�SUHVHGLQWH�FDUH�vO�GHFODUD��HURXO�SRSRUXOXL�VRYLHWLF��VL�ODYDQVHD]D�JHQHUDO��QXPLQGX�O�VHIXO�VSLRQDMXO�VRYLHWLF��1X�GXSD�PXOW�WLPS�HVWH�LQYLWDW�OD�GHSXQHUHD�MXUDPkQWXOXL�OD�R�VFRDODGH�VSLRQDM�XQGH�VHIXO�DFHVWHLD�URLD�vQ�MXUXO�OXL�VOXJDUQLF�LQYLWkQGX�O�VD�GHD�SRYHWH�WLQHULORU�HOHYL�SHQWUX�D�SXWHD�VD�UH]LVWH�VL�HLOD��WUDWDPHQWHOH�DWURFH�DSOLFDWH�GH�LPSHULDOLVWLL�YHURVL���SHQWUX�D�QX�GLYXOJD�VHFUHWHOH�GH�VWDW�VL�VHUYLFLX��7RYDUDVH�JHQHUDO��vPSDUWDVLWL�OH�GLQ�ERJDWD�GXPQHDYRVWUD�H[SHULHQWD�,YDQ��vPEDWUkQLW�SUHPDWXU�GH�EDWDLOH�SULPLWH��vL�vQYDOXLH�SH�HOHYL�FX�R�SULYLUH�FDOGD��SDULQWHDVFD�VL�]LFH�FX�YRUEH�FXPSDQLWH��%D�EDLHWL��vQYDWDWL�GUDFXOXL�R�OLPED�VWUDLQD�FD�YD�EDW�DLD�GH�YD�FDFDWL�SH�YRL���8Q�DYLRQ�UXVHVF�VH�SUDEXVHVWH�vQ�$ODVND��3LORWXO�VH�VDOYHD]D�GDU�vO�SULQG�DPHULFDQLL��/D�VHGLXO�&,$��LQWHURJDWRULX��%DL�WDYDUVFL��FH�VLVWHP�GH�UDGLRORFDWLH�IRORVLWL�YRL"��"��%DL�WDYDUVFL��FH�VLVWHP�GH�SURSXOVLH�DYHWL��EDL"��"��%DL�WDYDULVFL��GDFD�QX�QH�GHVFULL�DSDUDWXUD�GH�ERUG�����WH�IDF�DUVLFH�ÌO� LDX�GRL�PDODFL� OD� WDEDFLW��GDU� UXVXO�QLPLF��'XSD�R�YUHPH�FkQG� OD�XQ�VFKLPE�GH�SUL]RQLHUL�DMXQJH�UXVXO�DFDVD� vO� vQWUHDEDFROHJLL��,D�VSXQH�,YDQ�FXP�D�IRVW�LQ�FDSWLYLWDWH�OD�DPHULFDQL"�%DL�EDLHWL���SXQHWL�PDQD�SH�FDUWH�VL�vQYDWDWL�DSDUDWXUD�GH�ERUG�FD�GDFD�YD�SULQG�DPHULFDQLL�VL�QX�VWLWL��YD�WDEDFHVF�GH�WUHL�RULSH�]L���'RL�UXVL�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�EDU��8QXO�GLQ�HL�IDFH�FRPDQGD��&KHOQHU���GRXD�VXWH�GH�YRWFD�SHQWUX�ILHFDUH���,PHGLDW�3HVWH�FkWHYD�PLQXWH��&KHOQHU��vQFD�GRXD�VXWH�GH�YRWFD��,PHGLDW�3HVWH�SXWLQ�WLPS��&KHOQHU����6WLX��FkWH�GRXD�VXWH�GH�YRWFD��1X��QX��QXPDL�XQ�SDKDU���FROHJXO�PHX�H�VRIHUXO����8Q�UXV�FRPDQGD�vQWU�R�FUkVPD�vQWRWGHDXQD�FLQFL�SDKDUH�GH�YRGFD�GHRGDWD��(O�EHD�SHQWUX�FHL�SDWUX�FDPDUD]LL�DL�VDL�FD]XWLvQ�UD]ERL��DVWD�HUD�R�vQWHOHJHUH�GH�GHPXOW�FD�FHL�FDUH�VXSUDYLHWXLHVF�VD�EHD�SHQWUX�FHL�FD]XWL�ÌQWU�R�]L�UXVXO�QRVWUX�FRPDQGD�GRDU�SDWUX�SDKDUH�GH�YRGFD��%DUPDQXO�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�D]L"�0DL�EHDX�GRDU�SHQWUX�FDPDUD]LL�PHL�FD]XWL�vQ�OXSWD��(X��vQFHSkQG�GH�D]L��VXQW�DQWLDOFRROLF������&LFD�V�D�IDFXW�XQ�WRS�DO�FHORU�PDL�FRUXSWH�WDUL�7RDWD�OXPHD�VH�DVWHSWD�FD�SH�SULPXO�ORF�VD�LDVD�5XVLD��GDU�D�LHVLW�SH�ORFXO�,,�Ì�6WLWL�GH�FH"5�$�GDW�VSDJD�VD�QX�LDVD�SULPD����ÌQ�8665�FRPDQGDQWXO�IRUWHORU�DUPDWH�LQVSHFWHD]D�R�XQLWDWH��ÌL�SXQH�VD�VH�GH]EUDFH��DIDUD�ILLQG�����JUDGH���]LFkQGX�OH�FDRULFH�VH�vQURVHVWH�WDLH�

Page 209: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

3ULPXOXL�L�VH�vQURVHVWH�QDVXO�VL�UDPkQH�IDUD�HO��&RPDQGDQWXO�vO�vQWUHDED��7H�GRDUH"�1X��'H�FH"�6XQW�VROGDW�VRYLHWLF�/D�DO�GRLOHD�VH�vQURVHVWH�R�XUHFKH��&RPDQGDWXO�L�R�WDLH�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��7H�GRDUH"�1X��'H�FH"�6XQW�VROGDW�VRYLHWLF�/D�DO�WUHLOHD�VH�vQURVHVWH�S D��7HDSD�OXL��FRPDQGDQWXO�WDLQGX�L�R�vO�vQWUHDED��7H�GRDUH"�1X��'H�FH"�(�D�OX�DOD�GLQ�VSDWH������9LQH�$OLRVD�DFDVD��2�YHGH�SH�1DWDVD�WUHEDOXLQG��)DUD�VD�VDOXWH��VH�DSURSLH�VL�MDS�R�SDOPD���1DWDVD��RDUHFXP�vQFXUFDWD��'H�FH�$OLRVLQFD�PHX�FHO�GUDJ��"��(KHL���GDFD�VWLDP���WH�RPRUDP�������$OLRVD�VL�1DWDVD�GLVFXWD��1DWDVD��PD�LXEHVWL"�&XP�VD�QX��$WXQFL�GD�WL�SDOWRQXO�MRV��%LQH��$OLRVD�'XSD�FkWYD�WLPS��1DWDVD��PD�LXEHVWL"�6LJXU��$WXQFL�GD�WL�SXORYHUXO�MRV��%LQH��$OLRVD�$SRL�1DWDVD��PD�LXEHVWL"�&XP�VD�QX��$WXQFL�GD�WL�IXVWD�MRV��0DL��$OLRVD����+DL��WH�URJ��%LQH��$OLRVD�'XSD�vQFD�XQ�SLF��1DWDVD��PD�LXEHVWL"�6LJXU��$WXQFL�GD�WL�FDPDVD�MRV��0DL��$OLRVD����+DL��WH�URJ��%LQH��$OLRVD�'XSD�vQFD�XQ�SLF��1DWDVD��PD�LXEHVWL"�6LJXU��$WXQFL�GD�WL�VXWLHQXO�MRV��0DL��$OLRVD��'DFD�FRQWLQXL�VD�IL�REUD]QLF��vWL�vQFKLG�WHOHIRQXO����,YDQ�YLQH�DFDVD�DIXPDW�ELQH��1HYDVWD�VD�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�IDFL�,YDQH��LDU�YLL�DFDVD�EHDW"�1XPDL�WUHL�EHUL�DP�EDXW���vQWUHDED�O�VL�SH�$OLRVD��DVWD�HUD�FkLQHOH���&kWH�EHUL�D�EDXW��$OLRVD"�+DP��KDP��KDP�$�GRXD�VHDUD�YLQH�,YDQ�VL�PDL�EHDW�DFDVD��,DU�DL�EDXW�ED"�1XPDL�GRXD�EHUL��$OLRVD��FkWH�EHUL�D�EDXW"�+DP��KDP�%XQ�����$�WUHLD�VHDUD�YLQH�,YDQ�EHDW�PRUW��,YDQH��GDFD�PDL�YLL�R�VLQJXUD�GDWD�DVD�QX�WH�PDL�SULPHVF�vQ�FDVD��1XPDL�R�EHUH�DP�EDXW�

Page 210: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�$OLRVD��FkWH�EHUL�D�EDXW"�+DP��6L�YRWFD"�+DXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX����,YDQ�D�SULQV�SHVWLVRUXO�GH�DXU����3ULPD�GRULQWD��2�YRWFD�PDUH�2�EHD��SHVWLVRUXO�DVWHDSWD�VD�L�vQGHSOLQHDVFD�D�GRXD�GRULQWD��7RDWD�9ROJD�DVWD�VD�ILH�YRWFD�6H�IDFH��6�DUXQFD�,YDQ��vQRDWD��EHD��vQWU�XQ�WkU]LX��LHVH�SH�PDO��GHVWXO�GH�FKHUFKHOLW��$�WUHLD�GRULQWD"�vO�vQWUHDED�SHVWLVRUXO��2���YRWFD�PLFD����6XSDUDWL�FD� WRW�PkQFDX� EDWDLH�GH� OD� MDSRQH]L�� UXVLL� WULPLW�GRL� VSLRQL� vQ� -DSRQLD��SH�$OLRVD� VL�SH� ,YDQ��$MXQJ� FHL� GRL� OD7RNLR��$OLRVD�vO�ODVD�DIDUD�SH�,YDQ�VL�LQWUD�VLQJXU�OD�0DUHOH�6WDW�0DMRU��6XQW�$OLRVD��VSLRQ�UXV��DP�YHQLW�VD�DIOX�FH�IDFHWL��FH�DUPH�DYHWL�GH�QH�WRW�EDWHWL��3DL��QRL�YD�vQYLQJHP�FX�X]XO�UDWLXQLL��UDVSXQGH�JHQHUDOXO��1H�SDQLPDLX��]LFH�$OLRVD��8]XO�UDWLXQLL�vQVHDPQD�DVD�VL�DVD����7RW�QX�vQWHOHJ��%LQH��VD�WL�GDX�XQ�H[HPSOX�*HQHUDOXO� vVL�SXQH�SDOPD�SH�PDVD�VL�L� VSXQH�OXL�$OLRVD� VD� WUDJD�XQ�SXPQ�vQ�SDOPD��FkW�SRDWH�GH� WDUH�� ,]EHVWH�$OLRVD��GDUJHQHUDOXO�vVL�WUDVHVH�PkQD��$FXP�DL�vQWHOHV"�'D��VSDVLER�$IDUD�,YDQ�vO�vQWUHDED�FH�VL�FXP��$OLRVD�vL�VSXQH�FD�MDSRQH]LL�IRORVHVF�X]XO�UDWLXQLL��&XP�YLQH�DVWD"�6D�WL�GDX�XQ�H]HPSOX��]LFH�$OLRVD��FD�WX�HVWL�SURVW�VL�vQWHOHJL�JUHX�6H�XLWD�$OLRVD��QX�YHGH�QLFL�R�PDVD�DVD�FD�VL�SXQH�R�SDOPD�SH�IDWD�VL�L�]LFH�OX,YDQ��,D�WUDJH�WX�XQ�SXPQ�vQ�SDOPD�PHD�����������6L�DVD�D�PXULW�XOWLPXO�UXV�FDUH�VWLD�FH�QVHDPQD�8=8/�5$7,81,,����ÌQ�DO�,,�OHD�5D]ERL�0RQGLDO�$OLRVD�D�IRVW�ORYLW�GH�XQ�JORQW�UDWDFLW�SH�XQGHYD�vQ�]RQD�FRDSVHL���'LVSHUDUHD�L�VH�FLWHVWH� vQRFKL�VL�FHQXVLX�VH�IDFH�'XFH�PkQD�FDWUH�XPH]HDOD�FH�R�VLPWH����VSUH�EX]XQDUXO�XQGH�vVL�WLQH�VWLFOD�GH�YRGFD�VL�XQGH�UDQD�vO�DUGHD���ULGLFD�DSRL�PkQDvQ�IDWD�RFKLORU�VL�R�YHGH�URVLH���)DWD�L�VH�OXPLQHD]D�SH�GDWD���8UD��(VWH�VkQJH����,YDQ� ,YDQRYLFL�� vQ� YL]LWD� OD� :DVLQJWRQ�� $PHULFDQLL� L�DX� SUHJDWLW� SULQWUH� DOWHOH� VL� XQ� SURJUDP� GH� YL]LWH�� FD� DVD� VHRELVQXLHVWH��9LQ�HL�VL�O�LDX�FX�PDVLQD��VD�PHDUJD�XQGHYD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��RFKLXO�GH�YXOWXU�DO�OXL�,YDQ�,YDQRYLFL�REVHUYD�RLPDJLQH�IDPLOLDUD��3H�R�FODGLUH�vQDOWD��GRXD�IRWRJUDILL�LPHQVH�DOH�OXL�0DU[�VL�(QJHOV��=LFH�,YDQ�,YDQRYLFL��'RPQLORU��REVHUY�FD�LQWHPHLHWRULL�FRPXQLVPXOXL�VXQW�VL�OD�GY��vQ�PDUH�FLQVWH�5DVSXQGH�XQXO�GLQ��FXOWXUDOLL��DPHULFDQL���/D�FH�YD�UHIHULWL�"�$DD��OD�DFHD�UHFODPD��3DL�FLWLWL�WH[WXO���$VD�R�VD�DMXQJHWL�GDFD�QX�IRORVLWL�ODPHOH�:LONLQVRQ�����6HGLQWD�GH�SDUWLG�SUH]LGDWD�GH�WRYDUDVXO�6WDOLQ��&LQHYD�VWUDQXWD��7RYDUDVXO�6WDOLQ�vQWUHDED��7RYDUDVL���FLQH�D�VWUDQXWDW�"1LFL�XQ�UDVSXQV��7RYDUDVL�vPL�SDUH�QHVSXV�GH�UDX��GDU�VXQW�QHYRLW�VD�UHSHW�vQWUHEDUHD��&LQH�D�VWUDQXWDW"�9D�DYHUWL]H]�FD� vQ�FD]XO�QHSULPLULLUDVSXQVXOXL�YRL�vPSXVFD�SULPXO�UkQG�1LFL�XQ�UDVSXQV��7RYDUDVXO�6WDOLQ�vPSXVFD�SULPXO�UkQG��7RYDUDVL�vPL�SDUH�QHVSXV��QHVSXV�GH�UDX��GDU�VXQW�QHYRLW�VD�UHSHW�vQFD�R�GDWD�vQWUHEDUHD��&LQH�D�VWUDQXWDW"�8UPHD]D��ILUHVWH�vQ�FD]XO�QHSULPLULL�UDVSXQVXOXL�VD�vPSXVF�VL�DO�GRLOHD�UkQG�1LFL�XQ�UDVSXQV��7RYDUDVXO�6WDOLQ�vPSXVFD�DO�GRLOHD�UkQG��7RYDUDVL��QLFL�QX�YD�SRW�VSXQH�FkW�GH�UDX�vPL�SDUH��GDU�VXQW�QHYRLW�VD�UHSHW�vQFD�R�GDWD�vQWUHEDUHD��&LQH�D�VWUDQXWDW"�,QXWLO�VDYD�VSXQ�FH�XUPHD]D�vQ�FD]XO�QHSULPLULL�UDVSXQVXOXL�ÌQ�XQXO�GLQ�UkQGXULOH�GLQ�VSDWH�VH�ULGLFD�FX�FKLX�FX�YDL�XQ�DFWLYLVW�JDOEHQ�YHU]XL�YLROHW�OD�IDWD�GLQ�FDX]D�HPRWLHL��$UWLFXOHD]DFX�JUHX��7RYDUDVH�6WDOLQ��HX�DP�VWUDQXWDW��1RURF�WRYDUDVH��7RYDUDVL��VD�QH�FRQWLQXDP�VHGLQWD�

Page 211: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���ÌQ�DQLL�����OD�JUDQLWD�GLQWUH�5XVLD�VL�&KLQD�DX�DYXW�ORF�FRQIOLFWH�DUPDWH��,DWD�FXP�UHODWHD]D�DJHQWLD�GH�SUHVD�7$66��/D�JUDQLWD�UXVR�FKLQH]D��vQ�WLPS�FH�XQ�JUXS�GH�WUDFWRDUH�DUDX�IDOLD�GH�GHPDUFDWLH�DYLRDQH�FKLQH]HVWL�OH�DX�DWDFDW��$JHQWLD�&KLQD�1RXD��/D�JUDQLWD�FKLQH]R�UXVD�vQ�WLPS�FH�XQ�JUXS�GH�SODQRDUH�vPSUDVWLDX�vQJUDVDPLQWH�SHVWH�FkPSLLOH�FX�RUH]��DX�IRVW�DWDFDWH�GHWDQFXULOH�VRYLHWLFH��&XP�DUDWD�VWLUHD�GLIX]DWD�GH�$*(535(66��$VWD]L�OD�JUDQLWD�UXVR�FKLQH]D�D�DYXW�ORF�XQ�ERJDW�VFKLPE�GH�H[SHULHQWD�SH�WHPH�GH�DJULFXOWXUD�����2�HFKLSD�GH�UHSRUWHUL�VH�GHSODVHD]D�vQ�'DJKHVWDQ�SHQWUX�D�IDFH�XQ�UHSRUWDM�FX�OXSWDWRUXO�WLSLF�QDWLRQDO��5HSRUWHUXO��6WLP� FX� WRWLL� FD� UD]ERLXO� Y�D� DGXV� QXPDL� QHQRURFLUL� VL� WUDJHGL� GDU� FUHG� FD�PDL� DYHWL� SXWHUHD� VD� YD� DGXFHWL� DPLQWH� GH� RvQWkPSODUH�IHULFLWD�GLQ�YLDWD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��$FX� FkWYD� WLPS�PL�DP� SLHUGXW� FDSUD� vQ�PXQWL�� $WXQFL� QH�DP� VWUkQV� WRWL� VDWHQLL� OD�PLQH� DFDVD�� DP� EDXW� YRGFD�� DSRL� DPSOHFDW��DP�JDVLW�FDSUD��DP�DGXV�R�DFDVD��DP�IX W�R�FX�WRWL��DSRL�DP�EDXW�LDUD�YRGFD�5HSRUWHUXO��&H�VFkUERV��GDU�WRWXVL�R�vQWvPSODUH�IHULFLWD�GLQ�YLDWD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�QX�SXWHWL�VD�PL�SRYHVWLWL"�%D�GD��ÌQWU�R�]L�QHYDVWD�XQXL�VDWHDQ�V�D�SLHUGXW�vQ�PXQWL��1H�DP�VWUkQV�WRWL�OD�HO�DFDVD��DP�EDXW�YRGFD��DSRL�DP�SOHFDW��DPDGXV�IHPHLD�DFDVD��DP�IX W�R�FX�WRWLL��DSRL�DP�EDXW�LDUD�YRGFD��9DG�FD�DVD�QX�PHUJH��3XWHWL�VD�PL�SRYHVWLWL�R�vQWkPSODUH�WULVWD�GLQ�YLDWD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"�ÌQWU�R�]L�P�DP�SLHUGXW�vQ�PXQWL������/D�XQ�ORFXLWRU�FLXNRV��ORFXLWRU�vQ�SHQLQVXOD�&LXKRWVN���YLQH�.*%�XO�SHQWUX�D�O�LQWHURJD��GHRDUHFH�VH�DX]LVH�FD�ORFXLWRULLFLXNRVL�DX�IRDUWH�PXOW�DXU��&RORQHOXO�.*%�LVW��FDUH�QX�FXQRVWHD�GLDOHFWXO�FLXNRV��vL�WUDQVPLWH�DJKLRWDQWXOXL�&��ÌQWUHDED�O�SH�WDUDQ�XQGH�DUH�DXUXO�$��8QGH�DL�PD�DXUXO"7��1X�DP�QLFL�XQ�IHO�GH�DXU��6XQW�IRDUWH�VDUDF�&��&H�D�]LV"$��6SXQH�FD�QX�DUH�QLFL�XQ�IHO�GH�DXU��FD�H�IRDUWH�VDUDF�&��%LQH��6SXQH�L�FD�GDFD�QX�QH�DUDWD�XQGH�DUH�DXUXO��HX�SHUVRQDO�vO�vPSXVF�vQ�FDS�$��&RORQHOXO�D�VSXV�FD�GDFD�QX�QH�DUDWL�DXUXO��WH�YD�vPSXVFD�vQ�FDS��VL�DSRL�vWL�YD�VFRDWH�LQLPD�7��ÌQ�FD]XO�DVWD��VSXQH�L�FRORQHOXOXL�FD�DXUXO�HVWH�vQJURSDW�VXE�FRUWXO�PHX�&��&H�D�]LV"$��$�VSXV�FD�YD�I H�vQ�JXUD������0DULWXO�&HDSDHY��HURXO�OHJHQGDU�DO�UXVLORU�URVLL�UDVIRLD�RSHUHOH�OXL�0DU[�vQDLQWHD�EDWDOLHL�KRWDUkWRDUH�FX�DOELL�OXL�'HQLNLQ�&HDSDHY�vQWRUFHD�ILOHOH��FDP�XQD�SH�VHFXQGD��3H�OD����QRDSWHD�YLQH�$OLRVD��0DULWH�&HDSDHY��WUHEXLH�VD�WH�RGLKQHVWL��PkLQH�DYHP�EDWDOLH�FX�DOELL�OXL�'HQLNLQ�0DULWXO�&HSDHY�LD�R�FL]PD�VL�R�DUXQFD�GXSD�$OLRVD��&RQWLQXD�VD�FLWHDVFD�RSHUHOH�OXL�0DU[��FDP�R�ILOD�SH�VHFXQGD��/D�RUD��QRDSWHD��DFWLXQHD�VH�UHSHWD��&HODOWD�FL]PD��RSHUHOH�OXL�0DU[��R�ILOD�SH�VHFXQGD��/D���GLPLQHDWD�$OLRVD�GLVSHUDW��0DULWH�&HDSDHY��DOELL�OXL�'HQLNLQ�VXQW�SH�FRDPD�GHDOXOXL�0DULWXO�&HSDHY�ODVD�RSHUHOH�OXL�0DU[�GHRSDUWH�VL�VSXQH��$OLRVD��QX�VWLL�WX�XQGH�GUDFX�DP�SXV�EDQFQRWD�DLD�GH����GH�UXEOH"���2�GHOHJDWLH�GLQ�YHVWXO�(XURSHL�IDFH�R�YL]LWD�vQ�8QLXQH�FX�RFD]LD�FRQVWUXLULL�PDJLVWUDOHL�GH�FDOH�IHUDWD�%DLNDO���$PXU��'HOD�LQJLQHUXO�VHI�GRUHVF�VD�DIOH�GDFD�VLQD�YD�IL�FX�XQ�VHQV�VDX�FX�GRXD��/D�FDUH�LQJLQHUXO�UXV��6WLWL��QRL�FRQVWUXLP�VLQD�GLQ�GRXD�SDUWL��8Q�SRUQHVWH�GLQ�HVW�VL�XQD�GLQ�YHVW��'DFD�QH�YRP�vQWkOQL�VLQD�YD�IL�VLPSOD��LDU�GDFDQX�YD�IL�GXEOD������5XGHOH�GLQ�6LEHULD�IDF�R�YL]LWD�OD�IDPLOLD�,YDQRY�vQ�0RVFRYD��/D�XVD�PLFXO�$OLRVD�H�vQWUHEDW��8QGH�VXQW�SDULQWLL�WDL"�7DWD�YLQH�LPHGLDW��H�GRDU�VD�IDFD�XQ�WXU�vQ� MXUXO�3DPkQWXOXL� vQ�6WDWLD�0,5��&X�PDPD�YD�GXUD�PDL�PXOW��HD�H� OD�FRDGD� ODSkLQH������,WLF�0HQGHORYLFL��HYUHX�UXV��OXD�PHUHX�FXYkQWXO�OD�DGXQDULOH�GH�SDUWLG��XQGH�VH�GHFODUD�PHUHX�GH�DFRUG�FX�DQWHYRUELWRULLVDL��7RYDUDVH�,WLF��vL�VSXVH�VHFUHWDUXO�GH�SDUWLG��GDU�GXPQHDWD�Q�DL�QLFLRGDWD�R�SDUHUH�SURSULH"�%D�GD��GDU�WLQ�VD�YD�VSXQ�FD�QX�VXQW�GH�DFRUG�FX�HD����ÌQ�8QLXQHD�6RYLHWLFD��VH�DQXQWD�XQ�FRQFXUV�GH�SLFWXUL�UHDOLVW�VRFLDOLVWH�SH�VXELHFWXO��/HQLQ�OD�3UDJD���3ULQWUH�DOWLL��YLQHXQXO� FDUH� SUH]LQWD�R� SLFWXUD� QHSUHYD]XWD�� vQWU�R� SRLDQD�� XQ�EDUEDW� VL� R� IHPHLH�� JRL�� SH�R� SDWXUD�� FX� FHYD�KDOHDOD� OvQJD� HL�0HPEULL�MXULXOXL��]DSDFLWL��vQWUHDED��&H�OHJDWXUD�DUH"����&XP��]LFH�SLFWRUXO��QX�YHGHWL"�)HPHLD�HVWH�VRWLD�OXL�/HQLQ�VL�EDUEDWXO�HVWH�VRIHUXO�OXL�/HQLQ��6L�/HQLQ�XQGH�L"

Page 212: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�/HQLQ"��/D�3UDJD����8Q�URPkQ�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�XQ�UXV��SH�FDUH�O�YHGH�FX�WRW�FDSXO�EDQGDMDW��&H�DL�SDWLW��PDL�9DQHD"�&H�VD�IDF"�"�0�D�SXV�1DWDVD�VD�FDOF�UXIH���6L���"�6L�D�VXQDW�WHOHIRQXO������,YDQ�WUDYHUVD�FX�DXWRFDPLRQXO�6LEHULD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��PDVLQD�VH�RSUHVWH�VL�QX�YUHD�VD�PDL�SRUQHDVFD��,YDQ�FRERDUD�VH�XLWD�OD�PRWRU��VH�VFDUSLQD�Q�FDS�VL�QFHSH�UHFLWDOXO��1XPDL�6HULRMD�L�GH�YLQD��YDQJKHDXD�PDPLL�OXL��FD�P�D�ODVDW�IDUD�PRWRULQD��7RDWD�]LXD�IDFH�PLV�PDV�XUL�VL��GLQ�FDX]D�OXL��HX�,YDQ��FDUH�FDU�FX�.DPD]X�EXVWHQL�GH�OD�9ODGLYRVWRN�WRFPDL�OD�0DUHD�&DVSLFD��DP�UDPDV�vQ�LQLPD�6LEHULHL���6L�WRW�DVD��6H�XUFD�vQDSRL�vQ�FDELQD�VL�QFHSH�VD�VH�JkQGHDVFD��9LQH� QRDSWHD�� VH� ODVD� JHUXO� VL� HX� R� VD� vQJKHW� DLFL���� FLQH� VWLH� FkQG� RU� VD� PD� JDVHDVFD���SRDWH� OD� SULPDYDUD�� FkQG� R� GDGH]JKHWX����6L�RU�VD�]LFD���,D�WH�XLWD��DVWD�L�ELHWXO�,YDQ��DOD�GH�FDUD�EXVWHQL�FX�.DPD]X�GH�OD�9ODGLYRVWRN�OD�0DUHD�&DVSLFDVL�D� UDPDV� DLFL�� VDUDFX�� vQ� LQLPD� 6LEHULHL�� GLQ� FDX]D� OXL� 6HULRMD�� FHO� PDL� EXQ� SULHWHQ� DO� OXL�� FDUH� L�D� IXUDW� PRWRULQD� GLQUH]HUYRU�SHQWUX�FLQH�VWLH�FH�DIDFHUL��YDQJKHDXD�PDPLL�OXL����6L��FXP�VWD�,YDQ�VD�VH�JkQGHDVFD��YHGH�SULQ�SDUEUL]��vQ�QRDSWH��WUHL�OXPLQLWH��%D��FH�QRURF�DP��vVL�]LFH�HO��XLWH�FLQH�R�VD�P�DMXWH��VD�PL�GHD�VL�PLH�QLVWH�PRWRULQD��F�DP�UDPDV�IDUD��VL�DVWD�QXPDL�VL�QXPDLGLQ�FDX]D�QHVXIHULWXOXL�GH�6HULRMD����DX]L��VD�PL�IXUH�PRWRULQD�GLQ�UH]HUYRU��YDQJKHDXD�PD�VLL��WRFPDL�PLH��,YDQ��FDUH�GXF�FX.DPD]X�EXVWHQL�GH�OD�9ODGLYRVWRN�WRFPDL�OD�0DUHD�&DVSLFD����,D�VD�YHGHP��PD�GXF�OD�SULPXO�ERUGHL��QD��FD�QX�L�YLQD�PHD�FDGHUDQMH]�OD�RUD�DVWD�WkU]LH��ILLQGFD�QXPDL�GLQ�FDX]D�OXL�6HULRMD��YDQJKHDXD�PDPLL�OXL��HX��,YDQ��DP�UDPDV�vQ�LQLPD�6LEHULHL�FX�.DPD]X�VL�EXVWHQLL�FDUH�WUHEXLDX�VD�DMXQJD�OD�0DUHD�&DVSLFD��VL�R�VD�LDVD�XQ�PXMLF�VL�R�VD�O�URJ�VD�PL�GHD�R�FDQLVWUD�GHPRWRULQD��QX�PDL�PXOW�� ILLQGFD�QXPDL�GLQ�FDX]D� OXL�6HULRMD���� ,DU�PXMLFXO�R�VD�P�DVFXOWH� UDEGDWRU�SkQD�OD�FDSDW��DSRL�R�VDPkUkLH�� �%D�� WX� DL� YHQLW� V�R� IX L� SH� QHYDVWD�PHD��� VL�R� VD�PL� WUDJD� GRXD� VFDWRDOFH� GH�R� VD�PRU� GH� DOWFHYD� GHFkW� GH� IULJ�vQFKHLH��WULVW��,YDQ�0DL�VWD�RPXO�FH�PDL�VWD�vQ�FDELQD�.DPD]XOXL��DIDUD��VL�vQDXQWUX��VH�IDFH�WRW�PDL�IULJ��,YDQ�vQFHSH�VD�VL�VXIOH�vQ�SXPQL�VL�VDFODQWDQH�GLQ�GLQWL�VL�vQFHSH�LDU�VD�VH�JkQGHDVFD��%XQ��FX�SULPXO�LJOX�P�DP�ODPXULW��PD�GXF�OD�DO�GRLOHD�VL�R�VD�QFHS�VD�]ELHU���$MXWRU����6XQW�HX��,YDQ��FDUH�WUDQVSRUW�EXVWHQLFX�.DPD]X�GH�OD�9ODGLYRVWRN�OD�0DUHD�&DVSLFD��$P�UDPDV�DLFL��vQ�PLMORFXO�6LEHULHL��IDUD�FRPEXVWLELO��GD�DVWD�QXPDL�GLQFDX]D�OXL�6HULRMD��YDQJKHDXD�PDPLL�OXL���FD�QXPDL�HO� IDFH�DIDFHUL�FX�PRWRULQD�GLQ�UH]HUYRUXO�.DPD]XOXL�PHX����$X]L��VD�LIDFD�DVD�FHYD�FHOXL�PDL�EXQ�SULHWHQ�DO�VDX��PLH��,YDQ��FDUH�VWUDEDW�FX�.DPD]X�WRDWD�5XVLD����6L�R�VD�EDW�vQ�XVD�VL�R�VD�LDVD�XQFRSLODV�FDUH�R�VD�VH�XLWH�PLUDW� OD�PLQH�VL��GXSD�FH�R�VD�L�FHU�R�JDOHDWD�GH�PRWRULQD�R�VD�VWULJH���7DWD��YLQR�UHSHGH�FD�LDU�DDSDUXW�XQXO�FDUH�YUHD�V�R�IX D�SH�PDPD���%LQHvQWHOHV�FD�R�VD�DSDUD�PXMLFXO�GH�GXSD�XVD�VL�R�VD�PL�FURLDVFD�YUHR�GRXD�GH�PDIDFH�YDU]D��,DU�DVWD�QXPDL�GLQ�FDX]D�OXL�6HULRMD��YDQJKHDXD�PD�VLL��FD�QXPDL�HO�H�Q�VWDUH�VD�IDFD�DIDFHUL�SH�VSLQDUHD�FHOXL�PDLEXQ�SULHWHQ�DO�VDX��UHVSHFWLY�HX��,YDQ��FDUH�FDU�FX�.DPD]X�EXVWHQL�GH�OD�9ODGLYRVWRN�OD�0DUHD�&DVSLFD���,VL�GD�VHDPD�,YDQ�FD�QX�PDL�DUH�QLFL�R�VDQVD�OD�DO�GRLOHD�ERUGHL�VL�UDPkQH�VD�GLUGLLH�PDL�GHSDUWH�vQ�FDELQD��5DEGD�FH�UDEGDIULJXO�VL��FkQG�QX�PDL�SRDWH��VH�KRWDUDVWH��)LH�FH�R�IL��PD�GXF�OD�DO�WUHLOHD�ERUGHL����3DUFD�FH�R�VD�PL�IDFD"=LV�VL�IDFXW��&RERDUD�,YDQ�GLQ�FDPLRQ�VL�vQFHSH�VD�VL�FURLDVFD�GUXP�SULQ�]DSDGD�vQDOWD�VL�SULQ�YLVFRO�FDWUH�DO�WUHLOHD�ERUGHL�$MXQJH��vQ�VIkUVLW��RERVLW��OD�XVD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�EDWD�vQ�HD��8VD�VH�GHVFKLGH�VL�DSDUH�XQ�PXMLF��$MXWD�PD��RPXOH��vQFHSH�,YDQ��6XQW�HX��,YDQ��FDUH�GXF�VDSWDPkQDO�FX�.DPD]X�EXVWHQL����'D��GD��GH�OD�9ODGLYRVWRN�SkQD�OD0DUHD�&DVSLFD����$P�UDPDV�IDUD�FRPEXVWLELO�DLFL����vQ�WDLJD����'D�DVWD�QXPDL�6HULRMD�SXWHD�VD�PL�R�IDFD����6WLL��IDFH�DIDFHUL�FXPRWRULQD��WRFPDL�PLH�FHOXL�PDL�EXQ�SULHWHQ�DO�OXL����0LH��,YDQ��FDUH�PD�FKLQXL�FX�.DPD]X��YRUEHVWH�,YDQ�WRW�PDL�WDUDJDQDW�VLFX�RFKLL�OD�PXMLF�6L�FRQWLQXD��6WLL��DP�QHYRLH�GH����QD��DP�UDPDV�IDUD����FX�UH]HUYRUXO�JRO����%D���VH�UDVWHVWH�,YDQ�GHRGDWD��GDFD�YUHL�VD�VWLL��Q�DP�YHQLW�V�RI W�SH�QHYDVWD�WD�VL����OD�XUPD�XUPHL����PD�FDF�vQ�PRWRULQD�WD���vQFKHLH�RPXO�FX�QDGXI�VL�SOHDFD�vQDSRL�SULQ�]DSDGD�vQDOWD�VLSULQ�YLVFRO�VSUH�.DPD]XO�OXL�FX�FDUH�FDUD�VDSWDPkQDO�EXVWHQL�GH�OD�9ODGLYRVWRN�OD�0DUHD�&DVSLFD������$OLRVD�vQ�DUPDWD�vQ�6LEHULD��LDUQD�DIDUD��HUDX����JUDGH��ÌQWU�R�]L�YLQH�FRPDQGDQWXO�VL�IDFH�DGXQDUHD��%D�EDLHWL��DP�VD�YD�SXQ�OD�R�vQFHUFDUH��FLQH�WUHFH�SOHDFD�DFDVD�R�VDSWDPkQD�OD�FLQH�L�VH�VFRDOD�SH�IULJXO�DVWD�SOHDFD�7RWL�VL�R�IUHDFD�QLPLF�QXPDL�OD�$OLRVD�L�VH�VFRDOD��'XSD�R�OXQD�PDL�IULJ�DIDUD�����JUDGH��YLQH�FRPDQGDQWXO��%DLHWL�OD�FDUH�L�VH�VFRDOD�DFXP�SOHDFD�7RWL�VL�R�IUHDFD�QHEXQL�QLPLF�GRDU�OD�$OLRVD�SX D�WDSDQD��9LQH�$OLRVD�GH�DFDVD�GXSD�R�OXQD�VL�GXSD�R�VDSWDPkQD�LDUD�YLQHFRPDQGDQWXO�DIDUD�ILLQG�PDL�IULJ�����GH�JUDGH��$FXP�OD�FLQH�L�VH�VFRDOD�SOHDFD�GH�WRW"6L�R�IUHFDX�WRWL�GLVSHUDWL�GH�OH�OXDX�IRF�PDLQLOH�GDU�QLPLF�QXPDL�OD�$OLRVD�SX D�HUD�WDSDQD��&RPDQGDQWXO�FDWUH�DVWD��&H�GUDFX�IDFL�ED�GH�WL�VH�VFRDOD�vQ�KDOXO�DVWD"�'RPQXOH�FRPDQGDQW��SH�PLQH�DVD�P�D�SULQV�vQJKHWXO����6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRXD�SULHWHQH�PRVFRYLWH��9DL��GUDJD��XQGH�WL�DL�FXVXW�URFKLD�DVWD�DWvW�GH�VXSHUED"

Page 213: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�/D�3DULV��6L�H�GHSDUWH�3DULVXO�GH�0RVFRYD"�/D�YUHR�������GH�NLORPHWUL��&H�IXQGDWXUD��'DU�FH�ELQH�VWLX�VD�FRDVD����,�VH�FLWHVWH�OXL�6WDOLQ�SUHVD�RFFLGHQWDOD��$VD�VL�SH�GLQFROR��vQ�8QLXQHD�6RYLHWLFD�HVWH�DQWLVHPLWLVP��$QWLVHPLWLVP"��'H�FH"��3DL��VFULX�DVWLD�FD�OD�0RVFRYD�Q�D�PDL�UDPDV�QLFL�R�VLQDJRJD��1LFL�R�VLQDJRJD"��$VD�VD�ILH"�9HULILFD�DLD�VL�L�UDSRUWHD]D�OXL�6WDOLQ��&KLDU�DVD�VL�HVWH��'D�6WDOLQ�RUGLQ��ÌQWU�R�OXQD��FRQVWUXLWL�R�VLQDJRJD��/XFUHD]D�DLD�GLQJUHX�VL�FRQVWUXLHVF�VLQDJRJD��ÌVL�DGXFH�6WDOLQ�DPLQWH��&XP�PDL�VWD�FKHVWLD�FX�VLQDJRJD�DFHHD"�)XQFWLRQHD]D"�1X��'H�FH"�1�DUH�UDELQ�'D�6WDOLQ�RUGLQ��ÌQWU�R�VDSWDPkQD�VD�JDVLWL�XQ�UDELQ��'XSD�R�YUHPH��vVL�DPLQWHVWH�6WDOLQ��&XP�H�FX�UDELQXO�DFHOD"�/�DWL�JDVLW"�3DL��DP�JDVLW�QRL�YUHR�GRL�WUHL��GDU�WRWL�VvQW�MLGDQL������ FHWDWHQL� UXVL�� OD� YRODQXO� XQXL� DYLRQ� $QWRQRY�� LJQRUkQG� OXPLQD� URVLH� D� VHPDIRUXOXL�� DX� FDOFDW� VDSWDPkQD� WUHFXWD� vQ.LQVKDVD��FDSLWDOD�FHWDWHQLORU�QHJUL�GRPLFLOLDWL�vQ�=DLU������GH�SHUVRDQH�FDUH�VWDWHDX�OD�UkQG�OD�EDQDQH��SXL�URPkQHVWL��DGLGDVLGLQ�WHSL�GH�SRUF�VL� WDFkPXUL�GH�VWUXW��$VWIHO�RUDVXO�.LQVKDVD�GHYLQH�RUDV�PDUWLU��XQGH�RDPHQLL�PRU�GLQ�VHQLQ�GHVL�PDUWRULRFXODUL�DX�DILUPDW�FD�FHUXO�HUD�SXWLQ�QRURV����&LFD�PHUJHDX�XQLL�FX�WUHQXO�SULQ�6LEHULD��3H�VHDUD�VH�RSUHVWH�WUHQXO��6WD�R�RUD��VWD����/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�vQWUHDED�XQX��&H�IDFHWL�ED��GH�FH�QX�SOHFDP"�6FKLPEDP�ORFRPRWLYD�3HVWH�R�RUD�LDU��&H�IDFHWL�ED��GH�FH�QX�SOHFDP"�6FKLPEDP�ORFRPRWLYD�6SUH�GLPLQHDWD��DFHODVL�WLS��LDU��&H�IDFHWL�ED��Q�DWL�VFKLPEDW�vQFD�ORFRPRWLYD"�%D��GD���3DL�VL�DWXQFL�GH�FH�QX�SOHFDP"�$P�VFKLPEDW�R�SH�YRWFD����8QJXULL� VL� UXVLL� OD� ROLPSLDGD�� 6H� EDW� FH� VH� EDW� HL� SH� DFROR� SkQD� FkVWLJD� XQJXULL�� +UXVFKFLRY� WULPLWH� R� WHOHJUDPD� OD%XGDSHVWD��$WL�MXFDW�IRDUWH�ELQH��6WRS��1H�D�SODFXW�WXWXURU�FXP�DWL�MXFDW��6WRS��6XQWHP�PkQGUL�GH�YRL��6WRS��&UHGLWH��6WRS��*D]H��6WRS�*UkQH��6WRS�����'RL�WDUDQL�GH�OD�XQ�FROKR]�GLQ�5XVLD�VWDWHDX�OD�XQ�SDKDU�GH�YRWFD��3ULPXO��$P�FLWLW� vQ�]LDUXO�3UDYGD�FD�SHVWH�]HFH�DQL�DVD�R�VD�SURJUHVH]H�VWDWXO�FRPXQLVW� vQFvW� ILHFDUH�RP�R�VD�DLED�HOLFRSWHUXO�VDXSHUVRQDO�$O�GRLOHD��9DL��FH�ELQH�R�VD�ILH��$WXQFL�FkQG�R�VD�DXG�FD�OD�%DNX�VH�GDX�VLUHWXUL�GH�ERFDQFL��]GXS�vQ�HOLFRSWHU�VL�OD�%DNX�GXSD�VLUHWXUL�&kQG�R�VD�DXG�FD�VH�GDX�ILWLOH�GH�ODPSD�FX�SHWURO�OD�2GHVVD��]GXS�vQ�HOLFRSWHU�VL�OD�2GHVVD����8Q�IUDQFH]��XQ�UXV�VL�XQ�QHDPW�VH�ODXGDX�FX�UHDOL]DULOH�WDULORU�ORU��)UDQFH]XO��1RL� DYHP� DXWRPRELOH� IRDUWH�PRGHUQH�� GDU� IRORVLP�5HQDXOW�XO� SHQWUX� GHSODVDUH� vQ� LQWHULRUXO� )UDQWHL�� VL� 3HXJHRW�XO� FkQGPHUJHP�vQ�DIDUD�)UDQWHL�1HDPWXO��6L�QRL�OD�IHO��IRORVLP�9ROVZDJHQ�XO�vQ�LQWHULRUXO�*HUPDQLHL�VL�0HUFHGHVXO�FkQG�PHUJHP�vQ�DIDUD�5XVXO��6L�QRL�OD�IHO��/DGD�vQ�5XVLD�VL�WDQFXULOH�SHVWH�KRWDUH������3ULQ� ��������� OD� R� FRQIHULQWD� WHKQLFD� OD� 0RVFRYD�� WUHL� RDPHQL� GH� VWLLQWD� vVL� HWDODX� FDSDFLWDWLOH� vQ� IDWD� XQHL� DXGLHQWHQXPHURDVH�$PHULFDQXO� vVL� VPXOJH� XQ� ILU� GH� SDU� VL� FX� XQ� LQVWUXPHQW� GD� R� JDXUD� WUDQVYHUVDOD� SULQ� ILU���� 7RDWD� OXPHD� vO� RYDWLRQHD]D�$PHULFDQXO�GD�ILUXO�GH�DU�QHDPWXOXL�1HDPWXO�VFRDWH�XQ�LQVWUXPHQW�VL�WDLH�ILOHW�vQ�JDXUD�GDWD�GH�DPHULFDQ����7RDWD�DXGLHQWD�HVWH�vQ�H[WD]��)LUXO�GH�SDU�H�SUHGDW�PDLGHSDUWH�UXVXOXL�5XVXO�VXFHVWH�ILUXO�SH�WRDWH�SDUWLOH��vO�SULYHVWH��DSRL�VFRDWH�GLQ�EX]XQDU�R�VWDPSLOD�VL�R�DSOLFD�

Page 214: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�0DGH�LQ�8665�����/D�XQ�FRQJUHV�GH�PHGLFLQD�XQ�UXV�VL�XQ�URPkQ�SRYHVWHVF�PDULOH�ORU�UHDOL]DUL�vQ�GRPHQLX��5XVXO�LD�FXYLQWXO�VL�VH�DSXFD�VDOH�SRYHVWHDVFD��0DPD� PHD� OXFUHD]D� OD� XQ� FROKR]� VL� vQWU�R� ]L� FkQG� GHSDQXVD� SRUXPE� vL� VDUH� R� DVFKLH� PHWDOLFD� vQ� RFKL� VL� vL� VWUDSXQJHFULVWDOLQXO��'XSD�FH�D�IRVW�OD�PDL�PXOWL�GRFWRUL�VL�vQ�ILQDO�D�DMXQV�OD�PLQH�OD�0DVNYD��$P�OXDW�XQ�RFKL�GH�VWLFOD��L�DP�IDFXW�XQQRX� FULVWDOLQ�GLQWU�R� IRLWD� GH� VWDQLRO� GH� OD� XQ�SDFKHW� GH� WLJDUL��'XSD�R� VDSWDPkQD� DYHD�VHFUHWLH� ODFULPDOD�� GXSD� DOWH� GRXDvQFHSXVH�VD�FOLSHDVFD��GXSD�R�OXQD�GLVWLQJHD�OXPLQD�GH�vQWXQHULF�LDU�DFXP��GXSD�VDVH�OXQL�FLWHVWH�IDUD�RFKHODUL�$SODX]H�SHVWH�DSODX]H��9LQH�VL�UkQGXO�URPkQXOXL��9DUXO�PHX�OXFUD�vQWU�R�]L�OD�VHPDQDWRDUH��$�FRQVWDWDW�FD�FHYD�QX�PHUJH�ELQH�VL�V�D�GDW�MRV�VD�UHJOH]H�FHYD�OD�XQ�DEDWDM��1X�DIRVW�DWHQW�VL�VL�D�SULQV�SHQLVXO�vQWU�R�FXUHD�GH�WUDQVPLVLH��3HQLVXO�L�D�IRVW�UHWH]DW�GH�OD�MXPDWDWH��$�IRVW�SH�OD�PDL�PXOWL�GRFWRULVL�vQ�ILQDO�D�DMXQV�OD�PLQH��OD�%XFXUHVWL��,�DP�VDFULILFDW�XQ�GHJHW�GH�OD�PkQD��L�DP�GDW�R�JDXUD�vQ�PLMORF��DP�IDFXW�QRL�LQVHUWLLPXVFXODUH�VL�O�DP�DWDVDW�SHQLVXOXL��'XSD�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL�XULQD�IDUD�SUREOHPH��OD�GRXD�OXQL�D�DYXW�SULPD�HUHFWLH�LDU�DFXP�DUHGRL�FRSLL�IUXPRVL�VL�VDQDWRVL�$SODX]H�SHVWH�DSODX]H��5XVXO�VH�HQHUYHD]D�VL�vQFHSH�VD�UkGD�vQ�KRKRWH��$X]L�OD�DVWD��&LQH�D�PDL�YD]XW�DVD�FHYD"/D�FDUH�URPkQXO�VSXQH��0DWD��DLD�FX�RFKLXO�DOD�GH�VWLFOD����8Q�DPHULFDQ�VL�XQ�UXV��VXQW�SULQVL�GH�R�DYDODQVD�vQ�$OSL��(VWH�XQ�IULJ�FUXQW�VL�]LXD�WUHFH�vQ�QRDSWH���JHUXO�PXVFD�VL�GHJHUDFDUQH����2DUH�YRP�VXSUDYLHWXL"�VH�vQWUHDED�DPkQGRL���6SUH� GLPLQHDWD�� QDGHMGHD� SLHUH� GLQ� DPkQGRL�� VH� vPEUDWLVHD]D� VL� VH� SUHJDWHVF� GH� PRDUWHD� UHFH� FH�L� vQYDOXLH���� FkQG�DPHULFDQXO��SULQ�]DSH]L�DGkQFL��]DUHVWH�XQ�FkLQH�PDUH�DOHUJkQG�VSUH�HL��8UD��VWULJD�DPHULFDQXO��,DWD�FD�vQ�VIkUVLW�VRVHVWH�SULHWHQXO�RPXOXL�5XVXO�VH�IUHDFD�OD�RFKL�VL�H[FODPD�VDWLVIDFXW��0DUH�PLQXQH��8LWH�FD�DGXFH�FX�HO�VL�XQ�FkLQH����0RDUH�9ODGLPLU�,OLFL�/HQLQ��6L��FD�RULFH�RP�FDUH�VL�LPDJLQHD]D�FD�Q�DUH�QLPLF�SH�FRQVWLLQWD��VH�SUH]LQWD�OD�SRDUWD�5DLXOXL��7X�FH�YUHL��SOHVXYXOH"�]LFH�6IvQWXO�3HWUX��3DL��DP�PXULW�VL�YUHDX�VD�LQWUX����'X�WH��EDL��'UDFXOXL�6L�DVD�VH�IDFX��'XSD�R�YUHPH��VH�vQWkOQHVWH�6IvQWXO�3HWUX�FX�$JKLXWD��$X]L��EDL�'UDFH��P�D�vQWUHEDW�'XPQH]HX�]LOHOH�DVWHD�FH�PDL�IDFH�SUDSDGLWXO�DOD�GH�/HQLQ"�6WLL�FH��PDL�vQWkL�GH�WRDWH�HX�VvQW�WRYDUDVX�'UDFX����DVD�QH�D�VSXV�QRXD�WRYDUDVXO�9ODGPLU�,OLFL�/HQLQ��6L�VD�VWLL�FD�'XPQH]HXQX�H[LVWD������/D�JUDQLWD�FX�UXVLL��'H�R�SDUWH�GH�DOWD�D�XQXL�UDX��LPDJLQDU��VWDX���JUDQLFHUL��XQ�UXV�VL�JUDQLFHUX�%XOD�5RPkQX��$PDQGRL]DUHVF�XQ�SHSHQH�SOXWLQG����6DU�GXSD�HO�VL�DMXQJ� OD�HO�DPkQGRL�RGDWD��6H� LDX� OD�EDWDLH��SkQ� OD�XUPD��FXP�QX�FHGD�QLPHQL�JDVHVF�GH�FXYLLQWD�VD�O�vPSDUWHDVFD��ÌQRDWD�SkQD�OD�PDO�VL�UXVX�]LFH��+DL�GH�O�vPSDUWLP�IUDWHVWH�/D�FDUH�%XOD��1X�PDL��PDL�ELQH�vO�vPSDUWLP�MXPL�MXPD������Ì�&H�VH�QXPHVWH��VFKLPE�GH�RSLQLL��vQ�SDUWLGXO�FRPXQLVW�DO�8QLXQLL�6RYLHWLFH"5�$WXQFL�FkQG�YLL�OD�VHGLQWD�GH�SDUWLG�FX�SURSULD�WL�RSLQLH�VL�SOHFL�GH�OD�VHGLQWD�FX�FHD�D�SDUWLGXOXL������Ì�&H�H�XQ�UXV�SH�ILUHOH�GH�vQDOWD�WHQVLXQH"5�8Q�OXSWDWRU�vQ�UH]LVWHQWD�������8Q�PHGLF�GHVFRSHUD�HO�FD�FHD�PDL�EXQD�PHWRGD�GH�D� IDFH�XQ�DYRUW�HVWH� VD� IDFD�R�EDLH�FX�FXEXUL� GH�JKHDWD� IDWXOXL��6HFRQWUD]LFH�HO�FX�FRQIUDWLL�GLQ�PDL�PXOWH� WDUL�VRYLHWLFH�VL�SkQD�OD�XUPD�VH�RUJDQL]HD]D�XQ�H[SHULPHQW�FD�VD�VH�GHPRQVWUH]HFLQH� DUH� GUHSWDWH��6L� VH� DGXF� FkWH� R� UXVRDLFD� GLQ�0RVFRYD��/HQLQJUDG� VL� GLQ�6LEHULD�� 6H� vQFHSH� FX� WLSD� GLQ�0RVFRYD��/DSULPXO� OLWUX�GH� DSD� FX�JKHDWD� DYRUWHD]D��7LSD�GLQ�/HQLQJUDG� UH]LVWD� GRL� OLWUL��*DWD��PHGLFLL� HUDX� FRQYLQVL� FD�PHWRGD� HVWHEHWRQ��6L�FX�WLSD�GLQ�6LEHULD�vQFHDUFD�FX�XQ�OLWUX��FX�����FX�����FX�����1LPLF��$VWLD�VXQW�WDUH�PLUDWL��6L�VH�DSXFD�VL�FX�DQDOL]H�UDGLRJUDILL��HFRJUDILL��vO�DVFXOWD�FX�XUHFKHD�VL�SUXQFXO�Q�DYHD�WUHDED��6L�DWXQFL�IRORVHVF�R�FDPHUD�GH�OXDW�YHGHUL�FX�PLFURIRQXOWLPXO�UDFQHW�DO�VWLLQWHL�VRYLHWLFH�vQ�WLPS�FH�L�DGPLQLVWUHD]D�DSD�FX�JKHDWD��6L�FkQG�FROR�FH�YDG�SUXQFXO�IDFHD�JLPQDVWLFD�VLFkQWD��$OLRVD�VH�FDOHVWH�1LFLRGDWD�QX�UDFHVWH�

Page 215: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

%DQFXUL�FX�VFRWLHQL��Ì�'XSD�FH�UHFXQRVWL�XQ�YDSRU�VFRWLDQ"5�1X�]ERDUD�SHVFDUXVLL�GHDVXSUD�OXL�����Ì�&H�IDFH�FDGRX��XQ�VFRWLDQ�vQGUDJRVWLW�SULHWHQHL�VDOH�5�8Q�UXM�GH�EX]H��SHQWUX�FD�VL�O�SRDWH�OXD�vQDSRL��FX�WLPSXO�����Ì�&H�HVWH�XQ�3HUSHWXXP�PRELOH"5�(VWH�XQ�VFRWLDQ�FDUH�DOHDUJD�GXSD�XQ�HYUHX�FDUH�vL�GDWRUHD]D����&HQWL���Ì�'H�FH�vQ�6FRWLD�vQ�ILHFDUH�FDVWHO�VH�DIOD�FkWH�R�VWDILH"5�(VWH�PXOW�PDL�LHIWLQD�GHFkW�XQ�VLVWHP�GH�DODUPD�����ÌQ�YHVWXO�6FRWLHL��OD�VDSDWXUL��DX�IRVW�JDVLWH�SDWUX�VFKHOHWH��SH�EUkQFL�3XWLQ�PDL�GHSDUWH�D�IRVW�JDVLWD�R�PRQHGD�GH�XQ�SHQQ\���Ì�&XP�D�IRVW�IDEULFDWD�SHQWUX�SULPD�RDUD�VkUPD"5�8Q�VFRWLDQ�VL�XQ�HYUHX�DX�]DULW�SH�VWUDGD�R�PRQHGD�GH�XQ�SHQQ\���Ì�6WLDWL�GH�FH�VFRWLHQLL�VSXQ�FD�VH[XO�H�R�DIDFHUH�SURDVWD"5�6H�EDJD�vQ�HD�PDL�PXOW�GHFkW�VH�VFRDWH�����Ì�6WLWL�FkQG�SXWHWL�IL�VLJXUL�FD�D�YHQLW�YDUD"5�6FRWLHQLL�vVL�DUXQFD�SRPLL�GH�&UDFLXQ�����Ì�'H�FH�V�DX�SOkQV�SURGXFDWRULL�GH�IULJLGHUH�FD�QX�SRW�IDFH�SURILW�vQ�6FRWLD�VFRWLHQLL�QX�FXPSDUD�IULJLGHUH"5�&OLHQWLL�QX�YRU�VXE�QLFL�R�IRUPD�VD�FUHDGD�FD�OD�vFKLGHUHD�XVLL�VH�VWLQJH�OXPLQD������ÌQ�]LDUXO�ORFDO�GLQ�(GLQEXUJ��7D[L�SUDEXVLW�vQ�SUDSDVWLH�����GH�PRUWL�Ì�&XP�vQFHSH�R�UHWHWD�vQ�FDUWHOH�GH�EXFDWH�VFRWLHQH"5�6H�vPSUXPXWD������Ì�&DUH�VXQW�FHOH�PDL�VXEWLUL�FDUWL�GLQ�OXPH"5��0DULOH�LQYHVWLWLL�VFRWLHQH�vQ�VWUDLQDWDWH���(URL�LWDOLHQL��$UWD�EXFDWDULHL�OD�HQJOH]��,VWRULD�FXOWXULL�DPHULFDQH��/DXUHDWLL�URPkQL�DL�3UHPLXOXL�1REHO����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�VFRWLDQ�VL�R�QXFD�GH�FRFRV"5�1XFD�GH�FRFV�vWL�GD�GH�EDXW������=LXD�WUDGLWLRQDOD�SHQWUX�FDVDWRULL�vQ�6FRWLD�HVWH����)HEUXDULH�$VWIHO�FDVDWRULWLL�WUHEXLH�GRDU�R�GDWD�OD���DQL�VD�GHD�R�SHWUHFHUH�FX�RFD]LD�]LOHL�GH�FDVDWRULH������2�FXJHWDUH�VFRWLDQD��3RWL�IDFH�HFRQRPLL�QXPDL�DWXQFL�FkQG�QX�FKHOWXL�QLPLFD�������Ì�&H�IDFH�XQ�VFRWLDQ�FDUH�DUH�FLQFL�IHWH�QHPDULWDWH"5�/H�ODVD�SH�WRDWH�FLQFL�VD�OLQJD�R�SDVWLOD�DQWLEDE\������-RF�GH�IRWEDO�vQWU�XQ�VDW�VFRWLDQ�ÌQDLQWHD�vQFHSXWXO�PHFLXOXL��SHQWUX�DOHJHUHD�WHUHQXOXL��DUELWUXO�DUXQFD�R�PRQHGD�vQ�VXV�5H]XOWDW�������GH�UDQLWL����8Q�IRWEDOLVW��YHQLW�GH�OD�XQ�PHFL�GLQ�6FRWLD��VH�vQWDOQHVWH�FX�XQ�YHFKL�SULHWHQ��&XP�D�IRVW�vQ�6FRWLD"��vO�vQWUHDED�SULHWHQXO��$P�DYXW�XQ�PHFL�PLQXQDW��6L�SXEOLFXO�VFRWLDQ�D�IRVW�PLQXQDW��'H�FH"

Page 216: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�1�DX�DUXQFDW�QLPLF�SH�WHUHQ�����ÌQFKLSXLHWL��VSXQH�XQ�VFRWLDQ�SULHWHQXOXL�VDX��LHUL�V�D�GHVILQWDW�RILFLDO�FOXEXO�QRVWUX�GH�IRWEDO��FX�WRDWH�FD�DYHD�R�H[LVWHQWDGH�SHVWH����GH�DQL��'H�FH��FH�IHO�GH�SUREOHPH�DX�IRVW"�YUHD�VD�VWLH�FHODODW��'H�IDSW�QX��0RWLYXO�D�IRVW�FD�DP�SLHUGXW�PLQJHD������(FKLSD�QDWLRQDOD�D�6FRWLHL�D�FkVWLJDW�PHFLXO��$QWUHQRUXO�YLQH�vQ�FDELQH�VL�]LFH��%DLHWL�DWL�IRVW�PLQXQDWL��PHULWDWL�SH�GHSOLQ�R�PLFD�UDFRULUH��+DL�-RKQ�GHVFKLGH�IHUHDVWUD�������0F*UHJRU�PRDUH��9DGXYD�ULGLFD�R�SLDWUD�IXQHUDUD�FX�LQVFULSWLD��2GLKQHVWH�WH�vQ�SDFH��$SRL�DIOD�FD�GHFHGDWXO�VL�D�ODVDW�WRDWD�DYHUHD�ELVHULFLL��'UHSW�FDUH�SXQH�VD�VH�JUDYH]H�vQFD�XQ�UkQG��3kQD�YLQ�OD�WLQH�����2� WkQDUD� IDPLOLH� GH� VFRWLHQL� vVL� SOLPED� FRSLOXO� vQWU�XQ� FDUXFLRU�� 6H� RSUHVF� vQ� IDWD� XQXL� PDJD]LQ� VL� GXSD� FH� SULYHVFYLWULQHOH�LQWUD�vQDXQWUX��ODVkQG�FDUXFLRUXO�SH�WURWXDU��'XSD�FH�VH�WkUJXLHVF��SRUQHVF�PDL�GHSDUWH�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�IHPHLD�H[FODPD��9DL�GH�PLQH�GUDJXOH�DVWD�QX�L�FRSLOXO�QRVWUX��7DFL���VSXVH�HO��&DUXFLRUXO�H�PXOW�PDL�EXQ����8Q�HQJOH]�VL�XQ�VFRWLDQ�FLQHD]D�vPSUHXQD��'XSD�FLQD��SODWHVF��(QJOH]XO�vL�GD�EDFVLV�FKHOQHUXOXL�R�OLUD�VWHUOLQD���6D�L�vPSDUWLWL�6FRWLDQXO�SXQH�XQ�SHQQ\�SH�PDVD�VL�]LFH��ÌQPOXWLWL�L����&kQG�DP�YHQLW�OD�/RQGUD�QX�DYHDP�GHFDW�XQ�VLQJXU�VLOLQJ�vQ�EX]XQDU��&X�DFHVWL�EDQL�DP�vQFHSXW�WRWXO��6L�FH�DL�IDFXW�FX�XQ�VLOLQJ"�$P�WULPLV�R�WHOHJUDPD�DFDVD�VD�PL�WULPLWD�EDQL�����)LXO�PHX�YD�GDWRUHD]D�EDQL�SHQWUX�XQ�FRVWXP�SH�FDUH� L� O�DWL� IDFXW�DFXP�WUHL�DQL�� vL� VSXVH�FURLWRUXOXL�XQXL�VFRWLDQ� FDUHWRFPDL�LQWUDVH�vQ�PDJD]LQ��6L�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�DWL�YHQLW�VD�PL�GDWL�EDQLL��QX�L�DVD"�1X��$V�GRUL�VD�PL�FRPDQG�VL�HX�XQ�FRVWXP�vQ�DFHOHDVL�FRQGLWLL����/D�EUXWDULH��$V�GRUL�R�SkLQH�GH�XQ�NLORJUDP��&kW�FRVWD"�2SW�VXWH�UDVSXQVH�EUXWDUXO��3RIWLP��'DU�SkLQHD�DFHDVWD�HVWH�PDL�XVRDUD��VSXVH�VFRWLDQXO�FkQWDULQG�R�vQ�PkQD��1X�L�QLPLF�UDVSXQVH�EUXWDUXO�LPSHUWLQHQW��2�VD�ILH�PDL�XVRU�GH�FDUDW��3RIWLP�EDQLL�]LVH�FOLHQWXO��DUXQFkQG�SH�WHMJKHD�VDVH�VXWH��1X�VXQW�VXILFLHQWL��0DL�WUHEXLH��1X�L�QLPLF�UHSOLFD�VFRWLDQXO��2�VD�ILH�PDL�XVRU�GH�QXPDUDW����8Q�VFRWLDQ�OD�XQ�KRWHO�MLGDQHVF��&H�SUHWXUL�DYHWL�OD�FDPHUH"�����OD�HWDMXO��������OD�HW���������OD�HW���VL����OD�HW�����1X�VWLWL�FXPYD�XQ�KRWHO�FX�]HFH�HWDMH"���'XSD�FH�PkQFD�R�VLQJXUD�VWULGLH�vQWU�XQ�UHVWDXUDQW��XQ�VFRWLDQ�PRDUH�FX�VWRPDFXO�SHUIRUDW�GH�SHUOD�QDWXUDOD�FDUH�VH�JDVHDvQ�VWULGLH�VL�SH�FDUH�QX�R�EDJDVH�vQ�VHDPD�0HUJkQG�vQ�XUPD�FDUXOXL�PRUWXDU��VRWLD�GHFHGDWXOXL�VH�ODPHQWHD]D�XQHL�SULHWHQH��1RURF�FX�SHUOD�DLD��FD�DWIHO�QX�DYHDP�FX�FH�VD�O�GXF�OD�JURDSD����'XSD�VDVH�OXQL�GH�IHULFLUH�FRQMXJDOD��%LOO�VL�-DQH�VHGHDX� vQ�IDWD�IRFXOXL�OLQLVWLWL��FkQG�VH�DX]L�XQ�FLRFDQLW� vQ�XVD�%LOO� VHGXVH�OD�XVD�VL�R�GHVFKLVH�&LQH�HUD"�6RDFUD�OXL�FX�GRXD�JHDPDQWDQH��9UHDX�VD�VWDX�DLFL��VSXVH�GXPQHDHL��)RDUWH�ELQH��$FROR�VD�VWDL���vL�UHSOLFD�%LOO�6L�vL�WUkQWL�XVD�vQ�QDV����8Q�WkQDU�VH�SUH]LQWD�OD�XQ�PDUH�SDWURQ��VFRWLDQXO�-RKQ��6XQW�PDVHXU��3HQWUX����GH�GRODUL�SH�OXQD�VXQW�JDWD�VD�YD�PDVH]�GDQVDWRDUHOH�

Page 217: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�2�.��'DFD�DYHWL�EDQLL�OD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�SXWHWL�vQFHSH����7RDWH� FDSHWHOH� GLQ� EDU� V�DX� vQWRUV� FDQG� R� PDVLQD� V�D� DX]LW� GkQG� FROWXO� FX� XQ� VFUkVQHW� vQJUR]LWRU�� XUFkQG� SH� WURWXDU�ULFRVkQG�vQWU�XQ�]LG�VL�RSULQGX�VH�vQWU�XQ�IHOLQDU�3HVWH�FkWHYD�VHFXQGH�VRIHUX��FDUH�HUD�VFRWLDQ��LQWUD�vQ�EDU�FODWLQkQGX�VL�WUXSXO�vQVDQJHUDW��GXSD�FDUH�VH�SUDEXVL�SH�SRGHD�VLOHVLQD��5HSHGH�GDWL�L�XQ�SDKkU�FX�DSD��VWULJD�R�WkQDUD�6FRWLDQXO�vVL�ULGLFD�FDSXO�SOLQ�GH�UDQL�VL�EkQJXL��&kW�GH�WDUH�WUHEXLH�VD�PD�QHQRURFHVF�FD�VD�FDSDW�VL�HX�XQ�SDKDU�FX�VFRWFK����6DWXO�DIODW�SH�FXOPLOH�vQDOWH�DOH�6FRWLHL�HUD�vQPDUPXULW�GH�GXUHUH��'LQ�$PHULFD�YHQLVH�YHVWHD�FD�1F1DE�D�PXULW��1X�SRW�VD�FUHG�FD�D�PXULW��&H�D�DYXW"��vQWUHDED�XQ�EXQ�SULHWHQ�GH�DO�UDSRVDWXOXL��$WDF�GH�LQLPD��UDVSXQVH�XQ�DOWXO��%LHWXO�RP��6L�FXP�V�D�vQWDPSODW"�6H�]LFH�FD�1F1DE�HUD�DIHFWDW�SkQD�vQ�VWUDIXQGXO�VXIOHWXOXL�GH�SRYHVWLOH�FH�VH�VSXQ�GHVSUH�]JkUFHQLD�VFRWLHQLORU�6L�DWXQFL��vQWU�R�VHDUD��V�D�GXV�OD�EDUXO�GLQ�1HZ�SH�FDUH�O�IUHFYHQWD�VL�D�IDFXW�FLQVWH�WXWXURU�FHORU�GH�IDWD��FDVD�DIOH�FKLDU�DWXQFL�FD�WRW�WLPSXO�DX�FUH]XW�GHVSUH�HO�FD�HVWH�LUODQGH]����'RL�VFRWLHQL�YRUEHDX�vQWUH�HL�+HL�-RKQ��DVWD]L�WRFPDL�PL�DP�DUXQFDW�SLHSWHQHOH����&XP�"�"�'H�FH�"�"�3DL�PL�V�D�UXSW�XQ�GLQWH������9DULDQWD�8Q�VFRWLDQ�L�VH�DGUHVHD]D�XQXL�SULHWHQ��7UHEXLH�VD�PL�FXPSDU�XQ�SLHSWHQH�QRX��OD�FHO�YHFKL�L�V�D�UXSW�XQ�GLQWH��'XPQH]HXOH��SHQWUX�XQ�GLQWH��'DU�vO�PDL�SRWL�vQFD�IRORVL�SH�FHO�YHFKL��'D��HUD�XOWLPXO�GLQWH������8Q� VFRWLDQ� VH� GXFH� OD� GRFWRU� FDUH�L� UHFRPDQGD� VD� VH� ODVH� GH� EDXWXUD�� 6XSDUDW�� SDFLHQWXO� VH� SUHJDWHVWH� VD� SOFH�� FkQGPHGLFXO�vL�DWUDJH�DWHQWLD�FD�QX�D�SODWLW�FRQVXOWDWLD��1X�HVWH�FD]XO��1X�DP�GH�JkQG�VD�YD�XUPH]�VIDWXO��UDVSXQGH�VFRWLDQXO����8Q�JURSDU�VFRWLDQ�VDSD�vQ�FLPLWLU��2SULQGX�VH�SHQWUX�D�IDFH�R�PLFD�SDX]D��RPXO�FLWHVWH�SH�XQ�PRQXPHQW�IXQHUDU��$LFL�VH�RGLKQHVWH�$��5����SH�DOWXO���$LFL�VH�RGLKQHVWH�3��0����VL�WRW�DVD�SH�FHOHODOWH�*URSDUXO�UHQXQWD�VD�PDL�FLWHDVFD�VL�H[ODPD�LQGLJQDW��1XPDL�HX�FLWHVF�DLFL����&DQG�DP�VRVLW�vQ�RUDVXO�DFHVWD�QX�DYHDP�DOWD�DYHUH�GHFDW�SURSULD�PHD�LQWHOLJHQWD��&X�DOWH�FXYLQWH��DWL�SRUQLW�GH�OD�]HUR��QX"��vO�DSRVWURID�SULHWHQXO�VFRWLDQ����'RL�VFRWLHQL�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�SDGXUH��3H�XQXO�vO�DSXFD�QHYRLOH�VL�VH�GXFH�VXE�XQ�FRSDF�'XSD�FDWHYD�PLQXWH�vL�VSXQH�DPLFXOXL�VDX��$L�OD�WLQH�XQ�SLF�GH�KkUWLH"�'D�GH�XQGH��vL�UDVSXQGH�DFHVWD��/DVD�O�DFROR�����,XELWXOH��vPL�IDFL�FDGRX�GH�]LXD�PHD��R�SHUHFKH�GH�FHUFHL�GH�DXU"�'D�LXELWD�PHD��GDU�OD�DQXO��6L�DQXO�DFHVWD"�$QXO�DFHVWD�WH�GXF�VD�WL�JDXUHDVFD�XUHFKLOH���UDVSXQVH�WkQDUXO�VFRWLDQ�vQGUDJRVWLW����9kUVWQLFD� SHUHFKH� GH� VFRWLHQL� LQWUD� vQWU�XQ� UHVWDXUDQW� GLQ� (GLPEXUJ� VL� FRPDQGD� FkWH� XQ� FRWOHW� GH� EHUEHF�� &KHOQHUXOREVHUYD�FD�HD�QX�V�DX�DWLQV�GH�PkQFDUH��9D�QHPXOWXPHVWH�FHYD"��vQWUHED�HO�SROLWLFRV��3RDWH�FD�QX�H�SUHD�IDFXW����1X��QX��WLQHUH��D�]kPELW�HD��'DU�vO�DVWHSW�SH�'RXJDO�VD�WHUPLQH��$FXP�IRORVHVWH�HO�SURWH]HOH�����ÌQ�WLPSXO�XQHL�SDUWLGH�GH�JROI��XQXO�GLQWUH�SDUWHQHUL�SLFD�MRV��PRUW�ÌQ�VHUD�DFHOHLDVL�]LOH��OD�FOXE��VHFUHWDUXO�L�VH�DGUHVHD]D�SDUWHQHUXOXL�UDPDV�vQ�YLDWD��&H�WUHDED�vQJUR]LWRDUH��ÌQWU�DGHYDU�vQJUR]LWRDUH��vQFHSH�FHODODOW�VD�SRYHVWHDVFD�FHORU�GH�IDWD��$�VXFRPEDW�OD�D�WUHLD�JDXUD�VL�GXSD�DFHHD��LD�VL�FDUD�O��SXQH�O�LDU�MRV��ORYHVWH�PLQJHD��LD�O�LDU�vQ�VSLQDUH��SXQH�O�MRV��ORYHVWHLDU�PLQJHD���

Page 218: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���'RL�VFRWLHQL�YRUEHDX�$P�DX]LW�FD�IDWD�WD�V�D�FDVDWRULW��'LQ�GUDJRVWH�VDX�SHQWUX�EDQL�"�'LQ�GUDJRVWH������SHQWUX�EDQL�����8Q�VFRWLDQ�vVL�vQWUHDED�IUDWHOH��&H�FDGRX�vL�IDFL�VRWLHL�WDOH�GH�]LXD�HL"�7RDWD�GUDJRVWHD�PHD��6L�DWXQFL��GH�&UDFLXQ�FH�DL�VD�L�PDL�GDL"���9HWL�OXD�FkWH�RXD�OLQJXULWH�GLQ�DFHVW�VLURS�vQ�ILHFDUH�VHUD��vQDLQWH�GH�FXOFDUH��UHFRPDQGD�GRFWRUXO�VFRWLDQXOXL��,PSRVLELO��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU���H[FODPD�DFHVWD��'H�FH"�3HQWUX�FD�QX�D�DFDVD�GHFDW�R�OLQJXULWD����,QWULJDWD��VRWLD�vL�VSXQH�VRSWLW�EDUEDWXOXL��(�WUHFXW�GH�PLH]XO�QRSWLL�VL�WvQDUXO�0F*UHJRU�H�vQFD�vQ�VDORQ�FX�ILLFD�QRDVWUD�(D�VWD�SH�JHQXQFKLL�OXL�VL�QLFL�PDFDU�QX�DX�DSULQV�OXPLQD�GH�FkQG�V�D�vQQRSWDW��6D�VWLL�FD�vPL�SODFH�IODFDXO��(FRQRPLVHVWH�FXUHQWXO�HOHFWULF�VL�IRORVHVWH�XQ�VLQJXU�VFDXQ�vQ�ORF�GH�GRXD����ÌQWU�R�GLVWLOHULH�GLQ�*ODVJRZ��XQ�PXQFLWRU�YLQH�vQ�JRDQD�OD�SDWURQ��6HIX��QHQRURFLUH��0F*UHJRU�D�FD]XW�vQ�EXWRLXO�FX�ZKLVN\��&XPSOLW��6�D�vQHFDW"�3kQD�OD�XUPD��GD��&XP�DGLFD���SkQD�OD�XUPD�"�$GLFD�D�PDL�DSXFDW�VD�VFRDWD�FDSXO�GH�WUHL�RUL��FHUkQG�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkWH�R�PDVOLQD����8Q�WvQDU�VFRWLDQ�GHFLGH�VD�VL�vQFHDSD�R�QRXD�YLDWD�vQ�$XVWUDOLD�$VDGDU��SOHDFD�vQ�$XVWUDOLD��vVL�JDVHVWH�XQ�DSDUWDPHQW�vQWU�XQ�PLF�EORF�VL�VH�PXWD�DFROR�'XSD�R�VDSWDPvQD�GRXD�vO�VXQD�PDPD�OXL�VD�YDGD�FXP�VH�GHVFXUFD�EDLDWXO�vQ�QRXD�OXL�YLDWD��(�IRDUWH�ELQH�DLFL��'DU�DP�QLVWH�YHFLQL�WDUH�FLXGDWL�8QXO�VH�GD�WRDWD�]LXD�FX�FDSXO�GH�SHUHWL��FHO�FX�XQ�HWDM�PDL�VXV�VWD�vQWLQV�SH�MRV�VL�QX�VWLX�FH�GUDFX�WRW�YRUEHVWH�OD�SDUFKHW�LDU�YHFLQD�GH�OkQJD�XUOD�WRDWD�]LXD��'RDPQH��PDL�EDLDWXOH��FH�RDPHQL�DL�SH�DFROR"�7H�VIDWXLHVF�VD�QX�FDUH�FXPYD�VD�LQWUL�vQ�FRQWDFW�FX�DVWIHO�GH�SHUVRDQH��1X��ILL�VLJXUD�FD�QX��6WDX�vQ�DSDUWDPHQWXO�PHX�WRDWD�QRDSWHD�VL�FkQW�GLQ�FLPSRL����6RWLD�OXL�0F7DYLVK�GLVFXWD�FX�VRWLD�OXL�0F&RUQLFN��8LWH�FH�HYDQWDL�IUXPRV�DP��(�FD�VL�QRX��/�DP�SULPLW�DFXP�]HFH�DQL��FD�GDU�GH�QXQWD�6WLL�GH�FH�H�DVD"�ÌO�PLVF�IRDUWH��IRDUWH�vQFHW��VD�QX�VH�VWULFH��$O�PHX�H�VL�PDL�EXQ��6RWXO�PHX�QX�PL�GD�YRLH�VD�O�PLVF�GHORF��ÌO�WLQ�GHVFKLV�vQ�IDWD�VL�GDX�UHSHGH�GLQ�FDS��vQ�GUHDSWD�VL�QVWvQJD����ÌQWU�R�]L��XQ�VFRWLDQ�PHUJH�VD�MRDFH�JROI�FX�EDLDWXO�VDX��&XP�DMXQJ�OD�WHUHQ��vO�vQWUHDED��6WLL�VD�JDVHVWL�PLQJLLOH�UDWDFLWH"�%LQHvQWHOHV��UDVSXQGH�EDLDWXO��$WXQFL�DGX�UHSHGH�XQD�VD�SXWHP�vQFHSH����8QGHYD�vQ�6FRWLD����ÌQ�DMXQXO�&UDFLXQXOXL����vQWU�R�IDPLOLH�GH�VFRWLHQL�WLSLFL��FRSLL�vVL�vQWUHDED�WDWDO��7DWD��FkQG�YLQH�0RV�&UDFLXQ"7DWD�LD�SXVFD��VH�XUFD�vQ�SRG��'XSD�XQ�VFXUW�WLPS�VH�DXGH�R�vPSXVFDWXUD����0DPD�VL�FRSLLL�DODUPDWL����9LQH�WDWDO�WULVW�VSXQkQG��1X�PDL�YLQH��V�D�VLQXFLV�VDUDFX����0F&RUPLFN�D�YHQLW�OD�/RQGUD��OD�SULHWHQXO�VDX�6PLWK��$FHVWD�vO�SOLPED�SULQ�RUDV�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��LQWUD�DPvQGRL�vQWU�R�WXWXQJHULH�VL�6PLWK�vVL�FXPSDUD�WXWXQ�GH�SLSD�0F&RUPLFN�DGPLUD�YLWULQHOH��6PLWK�vO�LQYLWD��9UHL�VD�WL�RIHU�R�KDYDQD"�1X��PXOWXPHVF��VWLL�FD�QX�IXPH]��'DU��GDFD�HVWL�DWvW�GH�GUDJXW��RIHUD�PL�QLVWH�WLPEUH�SRVWDOH����8Q�VFRWLDQ�VH�vQWRDUFH�DFDVD�FX�XQ FRVXOHW�SOLQ�GH�FDSVXQL�6FRDWH�R�FDSVXQD��R�GD�ILXOXL�VDX�VL�L�VSXQH��%LQH��ILXOH��6L�FHOHODOWH�DX�DFHODVL�JXVW����0F*UHJRU�vL�SURPLVHVH�ILXOXL�VD�L�GHD�FvWH�XQ�VIHUW�GH�OLUD�SHQWUX�ILHFDUH�QRWD�EXQD�9D]kQG�FD�GH�OD�XQ�WLPS�EDLDWXO�DUH�QXPDL�QRWH�PD[LPH��vO�vQWUHDED�

Page 219: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�$VFXOWD��-RKQ��QX�SUHD�WH�YDG�WRFLQG��1X�FXPYD�vPSDUWL�EDQLL�FX�SURIHVRUXO"���9LQH�XQ�VFRWLDQ�OD�]LDUXO�ORFDO�VL�]LFH��'DFD�PDL�SXEOLFDWL�vQ�]LDUXO�ORFDO�JOXPH�FX�VFRWLHQL��DWXQFL�SXWHWL�VD�YD�OXDWL�JkQGXO�VD�PDL�vPSUXPXW�]LDUXO�YRVWUX����'RPQXO�0F*UHJRU�WULPLWH�R�VFULVRDUH�]LDUXOXL�ORFDO������VL�YD�SUHYLQ�SHQWUX�XOWLPD�RDUD�FD��GDFD�YHWL�PDL�SXEOLFD�DQHFGRWH�LGLRDWH�SH�VHDPD�DVD�]LVHL�]JvUFHQLL�D�VFRWLHQLORU�Q�R�VD�PDL� vPSUXPXW�QLFLRGDWD�DPDUkWXO�YRVWUX� GH� MXUQDO�GH� OD�SULHWHQXO�PHX��0F0XOOLJDQ�� FDUH� D� FvVWLJDW� XQ� DERQDPHQWDQXDO�OD�FRQFXUVXO�GH�FXYLQWH�vQFUXFLVDWH�����'RL�VFRWLHQL�KRWDUDVF�VD�VH�EDWD�vQ�GXHO��3HQWUX�D�QX�IL�GHVFRSHULWL�FD�vQFDOFD�OHJHD��YRU�WUHEXL�VD�VH�GHSODVH]H�OD�R�GLVWDQWDFRQVLGHUDELOD��vQWU�XQ�ORF�IHULW��vQ�SRLDQD�XQHL�SDGXUL�6FRS�vQ�FDUH�H�QHYRLH�VD�LD�WUHQXO��6H�GXF�DPvQGRL�OD�JDUD��'DWL�PL�XQ�ELOHW�GXV��]LFH�SULPXO��(VWL�SHVLPLVW��FRQFOX]LRQHD]D�FHODODOW��(X�LDX�GXV�VL�vQWRUV��1X�V�SHVLPLVW��VvQW�HFRQRP��'H�RELFHL��PD�vQWRUF�FX�ELOHWXO�DGYHUVDUXOXL�����'H�IDSW��VSXQH�XQ�VFRWLDQ� vQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ�GH�SDODULL��QX�YUHDX�VD�FXPSDU�SDODULD�FDUH�PL�DWL� DUDWDW�R��$V�GRUL�XQD�DVDFXP�DP�HX�SH�FDS��6L�HD�D�IRVW�FXPSDUDWD�WRW�GLQ�PDJD]LQXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��,PSRVLELO��]LFH�YkQ]DWRUXO��HX�DP�GHVFKL�PDJD]LQXO�QXPDL�GH����GH�DQL�������9DULDQWD�0F*UHJRU�VH�WRW�XLWD�SULQWUH�SDODULL�SkQD�FH��vQWU�XQ�ILQDO��JDVHVWH�XQD�FRUHVSXQ]DWRDUH�JXVWXULORU�OXL��&D�VD�YD�VSXQ�DGHYDUXO��VH�H[SOLFD�FXPSDUDWRUXO��DV�IL�GRULW�XQD�FD�DFHDVWD�YHFKH�FD�D�PHD��SH�FDUH�DP�FXPSDUDW�R�WRW�GH�ODGXPQHDYRDVWUD��(VWH�LPSRVLELO�GRPQXOH��DGDXJD�YkQ]DWRUXO��HX�DP�GHVFKLV�PDJD]LQXO�DFHVWD�QXPDL�FX�FLQFL]HFL�GH�DQL�vQ�XUPD����8Q�VFRWLDQ�WUDYHUVHD]D�&DQDOXO�0kQHFLL�FX�YDSRUXO��$SURDSH�GH�FRDVWD�(XURSHL�YHGH�XQ�VFDIDQGUX�LHVLQG�GLQ�DSD�/HVLQD��'XSD�FH�D�YHQLW�VDOYDUHD�PHGLFXO�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�$P�VXIHULW�XQ�VRF�JURD]QLF�FkQG�DP�YD]XW�FD�FHVW�GUXP�SRDWH�IL�IDFXW�VL�SH�MRV������8Q�VFRWLDQ�VH�DSURSLH�GH�FDVLHUD�XQXL�WHDWUX�VL�vL�vQWLQGH�R�PRQHGD��'RULWL�VD�YD�UHWLQ�XQ�ORF"�vQWUHDED�FDVLHUD��1X��DVWD�HVWH�SHQWUX�GY��9RL�UHYHQL�SHVWH�XQ�VIHUW�GH�RUD�FX�VRWLD��LDU�GY��YHWL�VSXQH�FD�V�DX�YkQGXW�WRDWH�ELOHWHOH����&kQG�FRQWURORUXO�UHDOL]HD]D�FD�VFRWLDQXO�QX�DUH�ELOHW��vQWU�XQ�DFFHV�GH�IXULH��DUXQFD�YDOL]D�DFHVWXLD�SH�JHDPXO�WUHQXOXL�vQ�UkXO�FDUH�FXUJHD�OD�����GH�PHWULL�PDL�MRV��8FLJDVXOH��VWULJD�VFRWLDQXO��PL�DL�vQHFDW�VLQJXUXO�PHX�ILX����8Q�VFRWLDQ�PHUJH�SH�VWUDGD�IRDUWH�DSOHFDW��VSULMLQLQGX�VH�GH�XQ�EDW�IRDUWH�VFXUW�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��VH�vQWvOQHVWH�FX�XQ�SULHWHQ��FDUH�vO�vQWUHDED�SOLQ�GH�FRPSDVLXQH��5HXPDWLVP"�1X��0L�V�D�UXSW�EDWXO����'XSD�WUHL�DQL�XQ�VFRWLDQ�VH�vQWRDUFH�vQ�RUDVXO�OXL�QDWDO�/D�JDUD�FDXWD�GLVSHUDW�GXSD�IUDWLL�VDL��SkQD�FkQG�GRL�EDUERVL�LQWUD�vQ�YRUED��1X�QH�PDL�UHFXQRVWL"�$VD�FX�EDUED�QX��'H�FH�DYHWL�EDUEL�DVD�GH�OXQJL"�&kQG�DL�SOHFDW�DL�OXDW�FX�WLQH�DSDUDWXO�GH�UDV�������8Q�WkQDU�VFRWLDQ�IDFH�R�GRQDWLH�GH�VkQJH��3DFLHQWD�WUHEXLD�VD�SULPHDVFD�GH�WUHL�RUL�VkQJHOH�WkQDUXOXL�'XSD�SULPD�WUDQVIX]LH�WkQDUXO�SULPHVWH�GH�OD�IHPHLH�����GH�3RXQ]L�'XSD�D�GRXD�����GH�3RXQ]L�'XSD�D�WUHLD�SULPHVWH�GRDU�XQ��PXOWXPHVF��$YHD�GHMD�SUHD�PXOW�VkQJH�VFRWLDQ�vQ�HD������0F*UHJJRU�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�SULHWHQXO�VDX��0F,QWRVK��SURSULHWDUXO�XQHL�IDEULFL�GH�FRQIHFWLL��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�OD�IDEULFD�WD�VH�RUJDQL]HD]D�R�FKHWD�vQ�VFRSXUL�XPDQLWDUH"�'D��6L�WX�FH�GDL"�(X�GDX�DSUREDUHD�

Page 220: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����&kW�FRVWD�WD[LXO�SkQD�OD�JDUD"�vQWUHDED�XQ�VFRWLDQ�WD[LPHWULVWXO��8Q�SRXQG��GRPQXOH��6L�EDJDMHOH"�%LQHvQWHOHV��JUDWLV��%LQH��DWXQFL�GXFHWL�PL�EDJDMHOH�OD�JDUD��(X�YLQ�SH�MRV�������&LQH�H�SDFLHQWXO�GH�SH�PDVD�GH�RSHUDWLH"�8Q�MXFDWRU�GLQ�HFKLSD�GH�&XSD�'DYLV�D�6FRWLHL��$�vQJKLWLW�GLQ�JUHVHDOD�R�PLQJH�GH�WHQLV��6L�FHO�FDUH�DVWHDSWD�OD�XVD"�(�SUHVHGLQWHOH�FOXEXOXL��0LQJHD�HUD�D�OXL�����&DPHUD�FX�YHGHUH�VSUH�PDUH�FRVWD�FX�GRXD�OLUH�PDL�PXOW��VSXVH�UHFHSWLRQHUXO�XQXL�WXULVW�VFRWLDQ��6L�GDFD�YD�SURPLW�FD�QX�PD�XLW�SH�IHUHDVWUD��FkW�FRVWD"����7DWD��WDWD��YLQH�PLFXO�IHFLRU�GH�WDUDQ�VFRWLDQ�OD�WDWDO�VDX��YDFLOH�YHFLQXOXL�DX�LQWUDW�vQ�IkQHWHD�QRDVWUD�VL�QH�PkQFD�LDUED�����7DFL�GLQ�JXUD��LD�R�JDOHDWD�VL�GX�WH�VL�OH�PXOJH�������8Q�DPHULFDQ�SULHWHQXOXL�VDX��ÌQFKLSXLH�WL�SULHWHQXO�PHX�GH�FRUHVSRQGHQWD�GLQ�6FRWLD�PL�D�WULPLV�vQ�VIkUVLW�R�SR]D�GH�D�OXL��6L�FXP�DUDWD�SULHWHQXO�WDX"�1X�VWLX��WUHEXLH�VD�GDX�ILOPXO�OD�GHYHORSDW������8Q�JDQJVWHU�DPHQLQWD�XQ�VFRWLDQ�������GH�3RXQGV�VDX�WH�RPRU�/D�FDUH�VFRWLDQXO�������6XQW�GHMD�SH�MXPDWDWH�PRUW�GH�IULFD�������8Q�VFRWLDQ�VL�VRWLD�VH�DIOD�SH�PDUH��9LQH�R�IXUWXQD�VL�YDVXO�VH�VFXIXQGD��6FRWLDQXO�H�VDOYDW�GDU�VRWLD�QX�SRDWH�IL�JDVLWD�'XSD�R�OXQD�VFRWLDQXO�QRVWUX�SULPHVWH�GH�OD�SROLWLH�R�WHOHJUDPD��6RWLD�DFRSHULWD�FX�VFRLFL��PROXVWH�VL�VWULGLL�JDVLWD��VWRS��&H�VD�IDFHP��VWRS��6FRWLDQXO�WHOHJUDILD]D�vQDSRL��9LQGHWL�VFRLFLOH�VL�VWULGLLOH��VWRS��$UXQFDWL�GLQ�QRX�PRPHDOD��VWRS����9LQH�XQ�VFRWLDQ�OD�VWDUHD�FLYLOD�VL�VSXQH�FD�GRUHVWH�VD�vVL�VFKLPEH�QXPHOH��'H�FH"�HVWH�vQWUHEDW�GH�IXQFWLRQDU��$P�JDVLW�LHUL��SH�VWUDGD��R�FXWLH�SOLQD�FX�FDUWL�GH�YL]LWD������6RWLHL�GXPQHDYRDVWD�vL�IDFH�ELQH�DHUXO�GH�PDUH��VSXQH�GRFWRUXO�XQXL�VFRWLDQ�6FRWLDQXO�vVL�LD�QHYDVWD�VL�PHUJH�vQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ�GH�SHVWH������0F5XEE\�SRYHVWHVWH�FROHJLORU�GH�ELURX�FD�QHYHVWHL�VDOH�L�D�IRVW�UHFRPDQGDW�GH�FDWUH�GRFWRU�DHUXO�GH�vQDOWLPL��$KD��VSXQ�FROHJLL��VRWLD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�H�OD�PXQWH�VL�GXPQHDWD�HVWL�VLQJXU�DFDVD��9D�vQVHODWL��VSXQH�DFHVWD��DP�UH]ROYDW�SUREOHPD�DVWD�DOWIHO��0DEHO�GRDUPH�GH�MRL�SH�DFRSHULVXO�FDVHL������8Q�VFRWLDQ�vVL�GH]OLSHD�WDSHWXO�GLQ�VXIUDJHULH�FkQG�SULPHVWH�YL]LWD�XQXL�SULHWHQ��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW��YUHL�VD�WDSHWH]L�SHUHWLL�FX�XQ�PRGHO�QRX"�1X��QX�YUHP�GHFkW�VD�QH�PXWDP������0F*UHJJRU�D�SOHFDW�vQWU�R�H[FXUVLH�FX�ORJRGQLFD�OXL��FX�R�PDVLQD�vPSUXPXWDWD�GH�OD�XQ�SULHWHQ�6H�FLUFXOD�vQ�WDFHUH��5RVX�FD�UDFXO��0F*UHJJRU�FDWDGLFVHVWH�VD�ULGLFH�SULYLULOH�VSUH�IDWD�VL�vL�VSXQH��FXSULQV�GH�HPRWLH��$D����VWLL��0DU\����DV�YUHD�VD�WL�VSXQ�FHYD����GDU�Q�DP�FXUDMXO���&X�RFKLL�VWUDOXFLQG��0DU\�vO�vQFXUDMHD]D��6SXQH�GUDJD��KDL��vQGUD]QHVWH����8LWH��0DU\��HVWL�GH�DFRUG�VD�SODWLP�EHQ]LQD�SH�GLQ�GRXD"���8Q�VFRWLDQ�vVL�VXUSULQGH�VRWLD�FX�XQ�DPDQW��1X�JkQGHVWH�SUHD�PXOW�VL�]LFH��$VH]DWL�YD�XQXO�vQ�VSDWHOH�FHOXLODOW��DVD�DMXQJH�XQ�VLQJXU�JORQW����6FRWLDQXO�SOHDFD�vQ�FDODWRULH��6H�vQWRDUFH�GH�OD�JDUD�vQWU�XQ�VXIOHW�VL�VSXQH�VRWLHL��&H�DP�XLWDW�VD�WL�VSXQ��QX�XLWD�vQ�DEVHQWD�PHD�VD�vQFDO]HVWL�VXIUDJHULD�QXPDL�SHQWUX�R�SHUVRDQD������-RKQ�GLQ�*ODVJRZ�vL�FXPSDUD�VRWLHL�VDOH�OD�YHQLUHD�LHUQLL�XQ�LQHO�IRDUWH�LHIWLQ��'H�FH�HVWL�GLQWU�R�GDWD�DVD�GH�ULVLSLWRU"�vO�vQWUHDED�XQ�FROHJ�GH�ELURX�

Page 221: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�$P�XQ�PRWLY�vQWHPHLDW��FROHJD��DFXP�/L]�QX�YD�PDL�DYHD�QHYRLH�GH�PDQXVL�SkQD�OD�YHQLUHD�SULPDYHULL����8Q�VFRWLDQ�GHVFRSHUD�vQ�IDUIXULD�VD�FX�VXSD�R�PXVFD��2�SULQGH�FX�YkUIXO�GHJHWHORU��R�WLQH�GHDVXSUD�IDUIXULHL�VL�VWULJD��6FXLSD�WRDWD�VXSD�DIDUD��1HVLPWLWR��6FXLSD�VXSD�DIDUD����9DULDQWD�&H�IDFH�XQ�URPkQ�FDUH�JDVHVWH�R�PXVFD�vQ�SDKDUXO�VDX"2�VFRDWH�DIDUD�FX�YkUIXO�GHJHWHORU�VL�EHD�PDL�GHSDUWH�&H�IDFH�XQ�IUDQFH]�vQ�DFHVW�FD]"&RPDQGD�LPHGLDW�XQ�DOW�SDKDU�FX�EDXWXUD�'DU�XQ�VFRWLDQ"2�SULQGH�FX�YkUIXO�GHJHWHORU��R�WLQH�GHDVXSUD�SDKDUXOXL�VL�vL�VWULJD�IXULRV��6FXLSD�WRWXO�DIDUD��VFXLSD�WRWXO�DIDUD�������8Q�SROLWLVW�VFRWLDQ�HVWH�vQWUHEDW�OD�XQ�H[HUFLWLX�FH�DU�IDFH�FD�VD�vPSUDVWLH�PXOWLPHD�FDUH�GHPRQVWUHD]D�LOHJDO�$FHVWD�UDVSXQGH��0L�DV�GD�MRV�FDVFKHWD�VL�DV�vQFHSH�VD�IDF�R�FROHFWD�GH�EDQL������9DULDQWD�ÌQWU�XQ�RUDVHO�VFRWLDQ�VXQW�H[DPLQDWL��VSUH�D�IL�DQJDMDWL��QRLL�SROLWLVWL��8QXL�FDQGLGDW�L�VH�SXQH�XUPDWRDUHD�vQWUHEDUH��&XP�DL�SXWHD�VD�vPSUDVWLL�FHO�PDL�UHSHGH�R�FRORDQD�GH�GHPRQVWUDQWL"�0L�DV�VFRDWH�FKLSLXO�VL�DV�IDFH�FKHWD�������/D�XQ�ERUGHO�LQWUD�XQ�VFRWLDQ��SODWHVWH�XUFD�vQ�FDPHUD��VH�DVHD]D�SH�XQ�VFDXQ�VL�vQFHSH�VD�VH�PDVWXUEHD]H�7LSD�PLUDWD��9DL�GUDJD�GDU�DL�SODWLW��'H�FH�QX�WUHFL�LQ�SDW"�'H�EDQLL�PHL�YUHDX�VD�VLPW�QXPDL�HX�IHULFLUHD����8Q�VFRWLDQ�vQFHUFkQG�VD�PRQWH]H�R�DQWHQD�79�SH�DFRSHULVXO�FDVHL�VDOH�DOXQHFD�VL�FDGH�vQ�VSDWHOH�FDVHL�ÌQ�FDGHUH�YHGH�SH�JHDPXO�EXFDWDULHL�FXP�QHYDVWD�VD�QXPDUD�ERDEHOH�GH�IDVROH�FH�OH�SXQHD�vQ�FLRUED��2SUHVWH�WH��VWULJD�HO��MXPDWDWH�DMXQJH��HX�PDQkQF�DVWD]L�OD�VSLWDO�������0DF*UHJRU�YLQH�QDGXVLW��FX�UHVSLUDWLD�WDLDWD�VL�WDUH�QHUYRV�GH�OD�OXFUX��1HYDVWD�VD�vO�vQWUHDED�GH�FH�H�DVD�QHUYRV��$P�SLHUGXW�DXWREX]XO�VL�DP�DOHUJDW�WRW�GUXPXO�VSUH�FDVD�vQ�XUPD�OXL��%XFXUD�WH�WRWXVL��vL�UDVSXQGH�QHYDVWD��DL�HFRQRPLVLW�WRWXVL����GH�SHQFH�FRVWXUL�GH�WUQVSRUW��'D�vQWU�DGHYDU��GDU�GDFD�DOHUJDP�vQ�XUPD�XQXL�WD[L�HFRQRPLVHDP���3RXQ]L����8Q�VFRWLDQ�vL�WULPLWH�LXELWHL�VDOH�R�WHOHJUDPD�FX�UDVSXQV�SODWLW���PD[LPXP�]HFH�FXYLQWH�7H[WXO�VXQD�DVD���7H�LXEHVF��9UHL�VD�PL�ILL�VRWLH"��5DVSXQVXO�D�IRVW���'D��GD��GD��GD��GD��GD��GD��GD��GD��GD������3H�R�VWUDGD�GLQ�6FRWLD�VH�vQWkPSOD�XQ�DFFLGHQW�UXWLHU��8Q�WXULVW�LHVH�GH�SH�FDURVDELO�VL�GD�FX�PDVLQD�vQWU�XQ�SRP�2PXO�VH�WkUDVWH�DIDUD�GLQ�PDVLQD�VL�UDPkQH�vQWLQV�vQ�LDUED��8Q�VFRWLDQ� WUHFH�SH�MRV�SULQ�DSURSLHUH��6H�GXFH�OD�DFFLGHQWDW�VLvQWUHDED��6XQWHWL�DVLJXUDW"�'D��UDVSXQGH�DFHVWD�FX�JUHX��$YHWL�R�DVLJXUDUH�VL�SHQWUX�SHUVRDQHOH�DIODWH�vQ�PDVLQD"�'DDDD�����$YHWL�FHYD�vPSRWULYD�GDFD�vPL�UDYDVHVF�SXWLQ�KDLQHOH�VL�PD�vQWLQG�OkQJD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"������(GLQEXUJ��6FRWLD��R�IDUPDFLH�vQ�RUDVXO�YHFKL�/D�RUD���IL[�XQ�VFRWLDQ�vPEUDFDW�WUDGLWLRQDO��.LOW��V�D�P�G���FkQWkQG�GLQ�FLPSRL�YLQH�OD�JKLVHX��)DUPDFLVWD��&H�GRULWL"6FRWLDQXO�FDXWD�vQ�SXQJD�GH�OD�EUkX�VL�SXQH�XQ�SDFKHWHO�SH�PDVD�� ÌO�GHVIDFH�VFRWkQG�XQ�SUH]HUYDWLY�FX�R�PLFD�FUDSDWXUD�ODYkUI�)DUPDFLVWD��'D�H�XQ�FD]�IRDUWH�WULVW���6FRWLDQXO��6H�SRDWH�OLSL"�%LQHvQWHOHV��DYHP�XQ�PLF�DSDUDW�GH�OLSLW�FDXFLXFXO�DLFL��FRVWD�GRDU�XQ�SHQFH����6L�XQXO�QRX"�'H�OD���3HQFH�vQ�VXV���6FRWLDQXO� vPSDFKHWHD]D� OD� ORF� SUH]HUYDWLYXO�� VL� SOHDFD�� 'XSD� GRXD� RUH� VH� GHVFKLGH� XVD� VL� LQWUD� VFRWLDQXO� QRVWUX� ]LFkQGIDUPDFLVWHL�

Page 222: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�5HJLPHQWXO�VL�D�GDW�FRQVLPWDPkQWXO��vO�OLSLP������8Q�VFRWLDQ�LHVH�GLQ�EDU�EHDW�FULWD��3H�GUXPXO�VSUH�FDVD�SLFD�vQ�VDQW�VL�DGRDUPH�DFROR�'RXD�WXULVWH�WUHF�GLQ�vQWkPSODUH�SH�DFROR�VL�YUkQG�VD�DIOH�VHFUHWXO�YHVWLWXOXL�.LOW��IXVWHL�VFRWLHQH��DUXQFD�R�SULYLUH�VXE�DFHVWD�'DW�ILLQG�IDSWO�FD�FH�DX�YD]XW�OH�D�SODFXW�GH�PLQXQH��OHDJD�vQ�MXUXO�VFXOHL�VFRWLDQXOXL�R�EDQGHUROD�UR]�$�GRXD�]L�VFRWLDQXO�QRVWUX�DMXQJH�DFDVD�VH�GH]EUDFD�VL�QHYDVWD�VD�UDPkQH�vQPDUPXULWD�OD�YHGHUHD�SDQJOLFLL��'UDJD����XQGH�PL�DL�IRVW"(O�vVL�SULYHVWH�VFXOD�VL�]LFH��1X�VWLX��GDU�FUHG�FD�DP�FkVWLJDW�SUHPLXO�vQWkL������8Q� HQJOH]� GH� IDPLOLH� EXQD� HVWH� vQWUHEDW� FDUH� H� GLIHUHQWD� GLQWUH� $QJOLD�� ,UODQD� VL� 6FRWLD�� (O� UDVSXQGH� FX� XUPDWRUXOH[HPSOX��'DFD�R�SHUVRDQD�vQ�$QJOLD�HVWH�LQYLWDWD�OD�FHDL�VL�FHUH�PDL�PXOW�]DKDU��YD�SULPL�GH�OD�VWDSkQD�FDVHL�R�EXFDWLFD�IRDUWH�PLFD�ÌQ�,UODQGD�VWDSkQD�FDVHL�vL�YD�vQWLQGH�]DKDUQLWD�VL�R�YD�UXJD�VD�VHUYHDVFD��'DFD�vQ�6FRWLD�DU�IL�IRUPXODWD�R�DVWIHO�GH�GRULQWDVWDSkQD�FDVHL�vL�YD�VSXQH�vQFHWLVRU���QX�DWL�DPHVWHFDW�GHVWXO�FHDLXO����'RL�VFRWLHQL�WLQHUL�VH�vQWkOQHVF�SH�VWUDGD��8QXO�vQWUHDED��&XP�PHUJH�FX�IDFXOWDWHD"�$�WUHEXLW�VD�UHQXQW�OD�D�VWXGLD��7DWDO�PHX�D�JDVLW�XQ�FHDV�GH�PkQD�VWULFDW�VL�DFXP�WUHEXLH�VD�GHYLQ�FHDVRUQLFDU������2�IDUPDFLVWD�vQ�6FRWLD�DOHDUJD�GLVSHUDWD�vQ�VSDWHOH�FOLHQWXOXL�WRFPDL�LHVLW�GLQ�IDUPDFLH��$WL�FXPSDUDW�R�DVSLULQD"�'D��'LQ�JUHVHDOD�YL�DP�GDW�XQ�SDUDFHWDPRO��6L"����3DUDFHWDPROXO�FRVWD���SHQFH�PDL�PXOW�������'RL�VFRWLHQL�vQ�FRPSDUWLPHQWXO�XQL�WUHQ��6WLWL��VXQW�vQ�YRLDM�GH�QXQWD��IDF�R�FDODWRULH�vQ�,WDOLD��VSXQH�XQXO��'DU�VRWLD�GY��XQGH�HVWH"��vQWUHDED�FHODODOW��$��SH�VRWLH�DP�ODVDW�R�DFDVD��HD�D�PDL�IRVW�PDULWDWD�VL�D�PDL�YD]XW�,WDOLD�������6D�EHD�WRDWD�OXPHD�VWULJD�XQ�VFRWLDQ�ELQH�GLVSXV��GH�FXP�LQWUD�vQ�FDUFLXPD��&kQG�EHDX�HX��WRDWD�OXPHD�WUHEXLH�VD�EHD�%DUPDQXO�L�D�VHUYLW�SH�WRWL�FHL�SUH]HQWL��6FRWLDQXO�ULGLFD�SDKDUXO�VL�VSXVH��7RDWD�OXPHD�VD�ILH�IHULFLWD��&kQG�HX�VXQ�IHULFLW��WRDWD�OXPHD�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH�IHULFLWD�'XSD�FH�VL�WHUPLQD�SDKDUXO��RPXO�WUkQWL�R�VXPD�GH�EQL�SH�WHMJKHD�VL�GDGX�VD�SOHFH��+HL��VWULJD�EDUPDQXO��$VWD�H�QXPDL�SHQWUX�FH�DWL�FRQVXPDW�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��$VD�HVWH��&kQG�SODWHVF�HX��WRDWD�OXPHD�WUHEXXLH�VD�SODWHDVFD����6IkUVLWXO�VFULVRULL�WDWDOXO�GLQ�6FRWLD��$P�YUXW�VD�WL�PDL�WULPLW�FHYD�EDQL��GDU�GLQ�SDFDWH�SOLFXO�HUD�GHMD�vQFKLV������8Q�WXULVW�vQ�6FRWLD�YL]LWHD]D�/RFK�1HVV�XO�vQ�VSHUDQWD�GH�D�O�YHGHD�SH�1HVVLH�'H]DPDJL�vQWUHDED�XQ�EDVWLQDV��&kG�VH�DUDWD�PRQVWUXO��GH�RELFHL"�'XSD�FLQFL�SDKDUH�GH�VFRWFK��vL�UDVSXQGH�DFHVWD����'RL�VFRWLHQL�FDODWRUHDX�FX�DYLRQXO��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��XQ�]JRPRW�FXPSOLW��PRWRDUHOH�VH�RSUHVF�VL�VH�DXGH�FDSLWDQXO� vQGLIX]RDUH��6WLPDWL�FDODWRUL��DYHP�R�SUREOHPD�JUDYD�FX�DYLRQXO��VSHU�FD�YRL�JDVL�XQ�ORF�GH�DWHUL]DUH�IRUWDWD�� vQ�RULFH�FD]�YD�URJ�VD�QXLQWUDWL�vQ�SDQLFD���/D�FDUH�XQXO�GLQ�VFRWLHQL�L]EXFQHVWH�vQ�SOkQV��&HODODOW�VH�XLWD�PLUDW�OD�HO�VL�L�UHSOLFD��0DL��GH�FH�SOkQJL"�'RDU�QX�H�DYLRQXO�WDX��������'RL�VFRWLHQL�LHV�GH�OD�2SHUD��0DL�WkPSLWXOH��VSXQH�XQXO�GLQWUH�HL��QX�HVWL�QRUPDO�"�6D�L�GDL�XQ�EDFVLV�DVD�GH�JUDV�JDUGHURELHUHL"�'D��GDU�QX�YH]L�FH�KDLQD�JUR]DYD�PL�D�GDW"�������1LVWH�H[SORUDWRUL�VFRWLHQL�PHUJHDX�SULQ�MXQJOD��'HRGDWD��XQXO�GLQ�HL�FDGH�vQWU�R�JURDSD��FDSFDQD�vQWLQVD�GH�EDVWLQDVL��vQFDUH�VH�DIOD�XQ�OHX�ÌQFHSH�DVWD�VD�IXJD�vPSUHMXUXO�JURSLL��/HXO�IXJH�GXSD�HO��&HLODOWL�VWDX�SH�PDUJLQH�VL�IDF�SDULXUL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��XQXO�GLQHL�VWULJD��$FFHOHUHD]D��OHXO�H�FKLDU�vQ�VSDWHOH�WDX�

Page 223: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

/D�FDUH��1X�YD�vQJULMRUDWL�GRPQLORU��HX�DP�R�WXUD�vQ�DYDQV�����8Q�VFRWLDQ�V�D�DSURSLDW�GH�FDVD�GH�ELOHWH�D�VWDGLRQXOXL�VL�vQWLQGH����GH�SHQFH��&DVLHUXO�vL�VSXQH�LQWULJDW��3UHWXO�ELOHWXOXL�GH�LQWUDUH�HVWH�GH���OLUD��'D��vQVD�HX�YRL�SULYL�QXPDL�OD�HFKLSD�QRDVWUD�����7DWDO�vVL�VFRDWH�ILXO�vQ�RUDV�FX�RFD]LD�vPSOLQLULL�YkUVWHL�GH���DQL��&RSLOXO�vVL�GRUHVWH�FkWHYD�EDQDQH���WDWDO�vL�LD�R�EDQDQD�'XSD�VDSWH�DQL�WDWDO�vVL�VFRDWH�ILXO�vQ�RUDV�FX�RFD]LD�vPSOLQLULL�YkUVWHL�GH����DQL��&RSLOXO�vVL�GRUHVWH�R�EHUH��7DWDO��6WDX�VD�PD�JkQGHVF�ILXOH��FUH]L�FD�PHUJH�EHUHD�GXSD�EDQDQH"����8Q� IHUPLHU� VFRWLDQ� VL�D� DVLJXUDW� YLDWD� OD� R� DJHQWLH� VSHFLDOL]DWD�� 1X� GXSD� PXOW� WLPS�� V�D� vQHFDW� vQWU�XQ� UkX�� /DLQPRUPDQWDUH��R�YHFLQD�VH�DSURSLH�GH�YDGXYD��&H�ELQH�FD�UDSRVDWXO�D�IRVW�XQ�RP�SUHYD]DWRU�GHVL�QX�VWLD�QLFL�VD�VFULH��QLFL�VD�FLWHDVFD��6L�QLFL�VD�vQRDWH��VODYD�'RPQXOXL�FRPSOHWD�YDGXYD�����'H�GRXD�]LOH�VL�GRXD�QRSWL��0F&RQDOO�VWD�GH�YHJKH�OD�FDSDWkLXO�VRWLHL��ÌQ�]RUL��ELDWD�IHPHLH�vVL�GD�GXKXO��7ULVW��0F&RQDOOVH�GXFH�OD�EXFDWDULH�VL�L�VSXQH�EDWUvQHL�VHUYLWRDUH��3HQWUX�PLFXO�GHMXQ�VD�SUDMHVWL�GRDU�R�IHOLH�GH�SkLQH��QX�GRXD�FD�GH�RELFHL�����8Q�VFRWLDQ�D�IRVW�DWDFDW�GH�SXQJDVL��'XSD�OXSWH�FUkQFHQH�D�IRVW�GRERUkW��6ILQWH��DP�JDVLW�vQ�EX]XQDUHOH�OXL�GRDU����GH�FHQWL��=L�PHUVL��FD�GDF�DU�IL�DYXW�R�OLUD�QH�DU�IL�RPRUkW�����6HDQ�2%ULHQ�vL�PDUWXULVHVWH�XQHL�UXGH�GLQ�$QJOLD�YHQLWD�vQ�YL]LWD��7DUH�DV�YUHD�VD�DP�PDL�PXOW�SDPkQW��'H�FH"�&D�VD�FUHVF�PDL�PXOWH�YDFL��6L�FH�VD�IDFL�FX�HOH"�6D�OH�YkQG�VL�VD�FkVWLJ�EDQL��6L�FH�VD�IDFL�FX�EDQLL"�6D�PDL�FXPSDU�SDPkQW��3HQWUX�FH"�&D�VD�PDL�FUHVF�QLVWH�YDFL�������2�VFRWLDQFD�vL�IDFH�FDGRX�VRWXOXL�HL�R�ODPSD�GH�FLWLW��$FHVWD�SULPLQG�FDGRXO�]LFH��5LVLSLWRDUHR��$FXP�WUHEXLH�VD�QH�FXPSDUDP�VL�R�FDUWH�������0F*UHJRU�VH�VLPWH�UDX�VL�FRQVXOWD�XQ�PHGLF��'XSD�FRQVXOW��DFHVWD�vL�H[SOLFD�FHHD�FH�WUHEXLH�VD�IDFD��9D�VFULX�R�UHWHWD��$FHDVWD�YD�FRQWLQH�R�VROXWLH��/D�ILHFDUH�GRXD�RUH�WUHEXLH�VD�vQJKLWLWL�FkWH�R�OLQJXULWD�GLQ�DFHD�VROXWLH��$WLvQWHOHV"�$P�vQWHOHV��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��GDU�YD�URJ�VD�PL�VFULHWL�SH�UHWHWD�VL�XQ�FHDV�VL�R�OLQJXULWD������)DF�R�FXUD�GH�VODELUH�GXSD�VIDWXO�PHGLFXOXL��vL�SRYHVWHVWH�VFRWLDQXO�SULHWHQXOXL�VDX�,DX�SUvQ]XO�PDL�WvU]LX�VL�PDL�LDX�GHORF�FLQD��6L�QX�vQFDOFL�QLFLRGDWD�UHJXOD�DVWD"�1LFLRGDWD��)RDUWH�ELQH��$WXQFL�WH�LQYLW�vQ�VHDUD�DVWD�OD�PLQH��OD�FLQD�����8Q�VFRWLDQ�YLQH�FX�R�SURED�GH�VHU�OD�XQ�ODERUDWRU�PHGLFDO�VL�ODVD�VD�VH�IDFD�DQDOL]HOH�'XSD�R�VDSWDPkQD�DIOD�UH]XOWDWXO��7RWXO�H�vQ�RUGLQH��VSXQH�PHGLFXO��VXQWHWL�SH�GHSOLQ�VDQDWRV���%XFXURV�PHUJH�DFDVD�VL�vL�VWLJD�QHYHVWHL��6KDURQ�QLFL�WX��QLFL�HX��QLFL�FRSLLL�VL�QLFL�PDFDU�XQFKLXO�0DF�QX�DYHP�YUHR�ERDOD�������0F*UHJRU�vL�FXPSDUD�ILXOXL�VDX�R�SHUHFKH�GH�SDQWRIL�QRL��6HDUD��SRUQHVF�OD�R�SOLPEDUH��3H�GUXP��WDWDO�vVL�vQWUHDED�ILXO��$L�vQFDOWDW�SDQWRILL�QRL"�'D��WDWD��$WXQFL��ILXOH��ID�VL�WX�SDVLL�DLD�PDL�PDUL�������$QXQW�SH�SXQWHD�XQXL�YDSRU�SOHFDW�GLQ�*ODVJRZ�VSUH�1HZ�<RUN��%DWUvQLL��IHPHLOH�VL�FRSLLL�FDUH�DX�SODWLW�ELOHWXO�FDVK�VL�QX�vQ�UDWH��YRU�RFXSD�SULPLL��vQ�FD]�GH�QDXIUDJLX��EDUFLOH�GH�VDOYDUH������8Q�VFRWLDQ�vQWUHDED�OD�VWDWLD�GH�EHQ]LQD�

Page 224: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�(�DGHYDUDW�FD�D�VFD]XW�SUHWXO�OD�EHQ]LQD"�'D��HVWH�DGHYDUDW��$WXQFL�XPSOHWL�PL�VL�PLH�EULFKHWD��������6FRWLDQXO��SURSULHWDU�DO�XQHL�ILUPH��VH�DGUHVHD]D�DQJDMDWLORU��'XPQHDYRDVWUD� DWL� OXFUDW� DQXO� DFHVWD� IRDUWH� ELQH�� GUHSW� FDUH� SURILWXULOH� ILUPHL� DX� FUHVFXW� VXEVWDQWLDO��'UHSW� UHFXQRVWLQWD�ILHFDUH�GLQWUH�YRL�YD�SULPL�FkWH�XQ�FHF�GH�GRXD]HFL�GH�OLUH��%XFXULH�JHQHUDOD��3DWURQXO�FRQWLQXD��'DFD�VL�OD�DQXO�YHWL�OXFUD�OD�IHO�GH�ELQH��DWXQFL�DP�VD�OH�VL�VHPQH]�����8Q�VFRWLDQ�HUD�SH�SDWXO�GH�PRDUWH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��D�VLPWLW�XQ�PLURV�DURPDW�GH�OD�EXFDWDULH��+HL��QHYDVWD��VSXQH�HO�DELD�VRSWLW��PLURDVH�D�IULSWXUD��'D�PL�VL�PLH�R�EXFDWLFD��6WDSkQHVWH�WH��RP�IDUD�PLQWH��]LFH�VRWLD��QHUYRDVD��'DFD�vWL�GDX�R�EXFDWLFD�WLH��FX�FH�vL�YRL�PDL�VHUYL�SH�FHL�FDUH�YRU�YHQL�ODvQPRUPkQWDUHD�WD"�����'H�]LXD�ORJRGQLFHL��XQ�VFRWLDQ�vL�RIHUD�DFHVWHLD�R�FDVHWD�JRDOD��VSXQkQGX�L��6FXPSR��vWL�GRUHVF�PXOWD�LPDJLQDWLH������&H�L�DL�IDFXW�FDGRX�GH�]LXD�OXL�SULHWHQXOXL�WDX"�IX�vQWUHEDW�XQ�VFRWLDQ��8Q�SDFKHW�FX�VHPLQWH�GH�IORUL��GHRDUHFH�IORULOH�VXQW�PXOW�PDL�VFXPSH�����)LXO�XQXL�VFRWLDQ�DIODW�vQ�DUPDWD��vL�VFULH�WDWDOXL�VDX���$P�FXQRVFXW�R�IDWD�IUXPRDVD��YUHDX�VD�PD�vQVRU�FX�HD��WULPLWH�PLGRXD�OLUH�FD�VD�PL�IDF�R�IRWRJUDILH�FX�HD��VD��WL�R�WULPLW�FD�VD�VWLL�VL�GXPQHDWD�FXP�DUDWD��/D�FkWHYD�]LOH��WDWDO�vL�WULPLWH�R�OLUD��FX�XUPDWRDUHD�VFULVRDUH���7ULPLWH�PL�SR]D�IHWHL��SH�WLQH�WH�FXQRVF������$VHDUD�DP�RERVLW�JUR]DY�MXFkQG�WHQLV�FX�0DF'RQDOG��VSXQH�XQ�VFRWLDQ�XQXL�SULHWHQ��'H�FH"�(�XQ�MXFDWRU�VODE"�1X��GDU�DP�MXFDW�DPkQGRL�FX�DFHHDVL�UDFKHWD�����8Q�VFRWLDQ��SOHFDW�vQWU�R�VWDWLXQH�GH�RGLKQD��VFULH�DFDVD��'H�FkQG�DP��SOHFDW��DLFL�SORXD�vQWUXQD��)RDUWH�FXUkQG�SULPHVWH�R�WHOHJUDPD��9LQR�DFDVD��DLFL�SORXD�PDL�LHIWLQ������8Q�URPDQFLHU�OD�PRGD�D�SULPLW�XUPDWRDUHOH�UkQGXUL�GH�OD�XQ�DGPLUDWRU�VFRWLDQ��8OWLPD�GY��FDUWH�PL�D�SODFXW�DWkW�GH�PXOW��vQFkW�HUDP�JDWD�JDWD�V�R�FXPSDU������8Q�VFRWLDQ�YHQL�DFDVD��vQWU�R�VHDUD��DYDQG�vQ�EX]XQDU�R�VWLFOD�GH�ZLVN\��ÌQ�vQWXQHULFXO�GH�SH�VFDUL��VH�vPSLHGLFD�VL�FD]X�6LPWL�FHYD�XG�SH�SLFLRU��6SHU�FD�H�VkQJH��PRUPDL�HO������(VWH�DGHYDUDW��vO�vQWUHDED�XQ�HQJOH]�SH�XQ�VFRWLDQ��FD�3DUWLGXO�1DWLRQDO�6FRWLDQ�GRUHVWH�vQIDSWXLUHD�XQXL�VWDW�LQGHSHQGHQWVFRWLDQ"6FRWLDQXO�UDPkQH�SXWLQ�JkQGLWRU��GXSD�FDUH�UDVSXQGH��'DFD�QX�QH�FRVWD�QLFL�XQ�EDQ��GH�FH�QX"����0F*UHJRU�GRUHVWH� VD�VL� FXPSHUH�PRELOD�QRXD��7RDWH�EXQH� VL� IUXPRDVH� QXPDL� FD� GHFODUD� IHUP� FD� HO� Q�DUH� QHYRLH� GHRJOLQGD�PDUH�DWDVDWD�PRELOLHUXOXL��9kQ]DWRUXO�vQFHDUFD�VD�O�FRQYLQJD�GH�QHFHVLWDWHD�HL��6L�FH�YD�IDFH�GRPQLD�YRDVWUD�GDFD�WRFPDL�GRUHVWH�VD�VH�EDUELHUHDVFD�VDX�VD�VL�OHJH�QRGXO�GH�OD�FUDYDWD"�&XP�DGLFD�FH�PD�IDF"�3DL�vO�URJ�SH�IUDWHOH�PHX�JHDPDQ�VD�YLQD�VD�VWHD�vQ�IDWD�PHD�����0F*UHJRU�PHUJH�OD�GHQWLVW��&kW�FRVWD�R�H[WUDFWLH�IDUD�DQHVWH]LH"�'RL�SRXQ]L��6L�FX�DQHVWH]LH"�3DWUX�SRXQ]L��'HFL�FX�DQHVWH]LH�DWXQFL�6FRWLDQXO�SULPHVWH�LQMHFWLD�VL�H�UXJDW�VD�DVWHSWH�DIDUD��vQ�VDOD�GH�DVWHSWDUH�SkQD�FH�DQHVWH]LFXO�vVL�IDFH�HIHFWXO�'XSD�]HFH�PLQXWH�VH�XLWD�GHQWLVWXO�GXSD�VFRWLDQ�VL�DFHVWD�GLVSDUXVH�ÌQ�FkWHYD�]LOH�vQWkOQHVWH�GHQWLVWXO�XQ�FROHJ�GH�EUHDVOD�FDUH�vL�SRYHVWVWH��$P�DYXW�GH�FXUkQG�XQ�SDFLHQW�FUXLD�L�DP�IDFXW�R�H[WUDFWLH� IDUD�DQHVWH]LH�VL�QX�DP�YD]XW�R�JULPDVD�SH�IDWD� OXL��&UHG�FD�vOFKHPD�0F*UHJRU�������8Q�VFRWLDQ�VH�SOkQJH�FXPSOLW�GH�R�PDVHD��9D]kQGX�O��XQ�FDODWRU�vL�VSXQH��7H�GRDUH�PDVHDXD"�$WXQFL�GH�FH�QX�WH�GXFL�OD�GHQWLVW"

Page 225: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�1�DUH�URVW��0DL�UDEG�XQ�SLF�VL�VFDS��3HVWH�SDWUX�DQL�WHUPLQD�ILXO�PHX�VWRPDWRORJLD�����8Q�YLRORQLVW�UHQXPLW��GH�RULJLQH�VFRWLDQD��VH�PkQGUHVWH�vQ�IDWD�WDWDOXL�VDX��ÌQFKLSXLH�WL��WDWD��GHMD�SULPHVF�DSURDSH�������GH�GRODUL�SHQWUX�R�XUFDUH�SH�VFHQD��6WLL�FkW�IDFH"3HQWUX�ILHFDUH�FRDUGD�FDWH�����GH�GRODUL��9DG��ILXOH��ÌPL�SDUH�UDX�FD�QX�WH�DP�vQYDWDW�VD�FkQWL�OD�KDUID�����8Q�VFRWLDQ�PHUJH�OD�XQ�JUDGLQDU�VD�FXPSHUH�FDVWUDYHWL��ÌVL�DOHJH�XQXO�PDUH�VL�vQWUHDED�FkW�FRVWD��'RL�VLOLQJL��]LFH�JUDGLQDUXO��2RRR��H�SUHD�VFXPS��]LFH�VFRWLDQXO�VL�FDXWD�XQ�DOW�FDVWUDYHWH�PDL�PLF��&kW�FRVWD�DVWD"�vQWUHDED�GLQ�QRX��6DVH�SHQFH��]LFH�JUDGLQDUXO��%LQH�VH�KRWDUDVWH�VFRWLDQXO��DWXQFL�YLQ�VD�O�LDX�vQ�WUHL�VDSWDPkQL��������8QXO�vVL�vQWUHDED�SULHWHQXO�VFRWLDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�L�DL�GDUXLW�SULHWHQHL�WDOH�GH�&UDFLXQ�R�FXWLH�FX�SUDOLQH�XPSOXWH�FX�OLFKLRU"�'D��GDU�QXPDL�SUDOLQHOH��/LFKLRUXO�O�DP�VFRV�GLQ�HOH�SHQWUX�D�DYHD�FX�FH�VDUEDWRUL�5HYHOLRQXO�vPSUHXQD�������8Q�VFRWLDQ�PRDUH�VL�DMXQJH�OD�6IkQWXO�3HWUX��$FHVWD�vL�VSXQH��1RL�DLFL�vQ�FHU�DYHP�FX�WRWXO�DOW�VLPW�DO�GLPHQVLXQLORU�FD�SH�SDPkQW��OD�QRL�XQ�PLOLRQ�GH�DQL�H�FD�XQ�PLQXW�VL�XQ�PLOLRQ�GHSRXQ]L�FD�XQ�SHQQ\�����([FHOHQW��]LFH�VFRWLDQXO��DWXQFL�DV�DYHD�R�GRULQWD��vPSUXPXWD�PL�XQ�SHQQ\��&X�SODFHUH��GDFD�DL�XQ�PLQXW�WLPS�������8Q�VFRWLDQ�vPSUHXQD�FX�VRWLD�VL�FRSLODVXO�PHUJ�OD�XQ�FRQFHUW�GH�PX]LFD�FODVLFD��3ODVDWRDUHD�vL�VSXQH��'DFD�FXPYD�FRSLODVXO�]ELDUD��WUHEXLH�VD�SDUDVLWL�VDOD��%LQHvQWHOHV�EDQLL�SHQWUX�ELOHWH�vL�YHWL�SULPL�vQDSRL���&DWUH�VIkUVLWXO�FRQFHUWXOXL�VFRWLDQXO�L�VH�DGUHVHD]D�VRWLHL��0DL�H�PXOW"�&kWHYD�PLQXWH�GRDU����%LQH�DWXQFL�VPXFHVWH�O�XQ�SLF�SH�MXQLRU�������8Q�VFRWLDQ�vL�]LFH�DOWXLD��$P�FXPSDUDW�GRXD�OR]XUL��&H�WkPSHQLH��1X�H[LVWD�GHFkW�XQ�DXWRPRELO�GH�FkVWLJDW�������ÌQWU�R�QRDSWH�vQWXQHFDWD�vQWU�XQ�FDVWHO�VFRWLDQ�XQ�RDVSHWH�VH�UDWDFHVWH�SH�FRULGRDUH�VL�vQWkOQHVWH�FXQRVFXWD�IDQWRPD�FDUHvL�]LFH��7UDLHVF�DLFL�GH�SHVWH�����GH�DQL��$K�FH�ELQH��]LFH�DVWD��DWXQFL�SXWHWL�VD�PL�VSXQHWL�XQGH�JDVHVF�WRDOHWD�������1RXO�SUHRW� vQWU�XQ� VDW� VFRWLDQ��GXSD� VOXMED�YUHD� VD� IDFD�R� FKHWD�SHQWUX� UHQRYDUHD� ELVHULFLL��7ULPLWH� XQ� FRVXOHW� SULQWUHUkQGXULOH�GH�HQRULDVL�GDU�FkQG�DFHVWD�DMXQJH�vQDSRL�H�WRW�JRO��3UHRWXO�VH�vQWRDUFH�FDWUH�DOWDU�vQJHQXQFKHD]D�VL�]LFH��'RDPQH��'XPQH]HXOH��vWL�PXOWXPHVF�GLQ�LQLPD�FD�PDFDU�FRVXO�V�D�vQWRUV�������8Q� VFRWLDQ�� vQWkOQLQG� XQ� GRFWRU� VL� ILLQG� FDP� UDFLW� V�D� JkQGLW� FD� H PRPHQWXO� VD� SURILWH� GH� vQWkPSODUH� VL� VD� REWLQD� RFRQVXOWDWLH�JUDWXLWD��'XPQHDWD��GRFWRUH��FH�IDFL�FkQG�HVWL�UDFLW"�vQWUHDED�VFRWLDQXO��7XVHVF��UDVSXQGH�PHGLFXO�����8Q�VFRWLDQ�YUDQG�VD�VL�DOHDJD�XQ�WUDVHX�FkW�PDL�LHIWLQ�SHQWUX�YDFDQWD��LQWUD�SHQWUX�GRFXPHQWDUH�vQWU�R�DJHQWLH��5DVIRLQGXQ�SOLDQW�FX�LPDJLQL�GLQ�*UHFLD��vQWUHDED�FX�LQWHUHV��3HQWUX�R�DVHPHQHD�WDUD�FX�UXLQH��VSHU�FD�IDFHWL�R�UHGXFHUH�DSUHFLDELOD�GH�SUHW�������8Q�VFRWLDQ�HVWH�FX�DIDFHUL�OD�3DULV��'XSD�FH�WHUPLQD�WUHEXULOH��VH�JkQGHVWH�VD�VH�GLVWUH]H�FX�R�WLSD�GLQ�)UDQWD��1HJRFLD]DFX�XQD�WDULIXO�vQ�IXQFWLH�GH�SRVLELOLWDWLOH�VDOH��R�GXFH�OD�KRWHO��R�GH]EUDFD��VH�GH]EUDFD�VL�HO��'RPQX��FD�VD�ILP�OLQLVWLWL��R�IDFHP�FX�SUH]HUYDWLY�7LSXO�VFRDWH�GLQ�EX]XQDU�XQ�SDFKHWHO��vO�GHVIDFH�VL�VFRDWH�XQ�SUH]HUYDWLY�PRWRWROLW��SHWLFLW�VL�OLSLW�vQ�YUHR�����ORFXUL��'RPQX��HX�VXQW�R�IHPHLH�GH�OX[��FH�YUHL�VD�IDFL�FX�PL]HULD�DVWD"7LSD�LD�RELHFWXO�VL�O�DUXQFD�SH�IHUHDVWUD��6FRWLDQXO��GLVSHUDW��VWULJD��6WDL��FH�IDFL��O�DP�OXDW�GH�OD�FOXE�SH�LQYHQWDU�

Page 226: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

%DQFXUL�FX�VRPDOH]L��Ì�&XP�YLQ�VRPDOH]L�OD�VWXGLX�vQ�(XURSD"5�3ULQ�ID[��Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�VRPDOH]�VL�R�PLQJH�GH�3LQJ�3RQJ"5�1LFL�XQD���Ì�&XP�GHRVHEHVWL�XQ�VRPDOH]�GH�R�PLQJH�GH�WHQLV�GH�FkPS"5�0LQJHD�FkQWDUHVWH�����GH�JUDPH�PDL�PXOW���Ì�&XP�FDGH�XQ�VRPDOH]�GLQ�FRSDF"5�&D�R�IUXQ]D���Ì�&XP�FDGH�XQ�VRPDOH]�FDVDWRULW�GLQ�FRSDF"5�&D�R�SLDWUD�Ì�'H�FH"5�'LQ�FDX]D�YHULJKHWHL���Ì�'H�FH�FDGH�XQ�VRPDOH]�GLQ�FRSDF�FD�R�VDJHDWD"5�$UH�PDVHOHOH�SORPEDWH���Ì�'H�FH�XPEOD�XQ�VRPDOH]�FX�FDSXO�vQWU�R�SDUWH�SH�VWUDGD"5�$UH�R�PDVHD�SORPEDWD���Ì�&H�H�XQ�VRPDOH]�FX�SLFLRUXO�vQ�JKLSV"5�&URVD�GH�KRFKHL���Ì�&DUH�H�FHO�PDL�SHULFXORV�UDOLX�GLQ�OXPH"5��&X�FDPLRQXO�FX�RUH]��SULQ�6RPDOLD����Ì�&XP�EDJL�����GH�VRPDOH]L�vQWU�R�FDELQD�WHOHIRQLFD"5�$UXQFL�vQDXQWUX�XQ�FROW�GH�SkLQH����Ì�&XP�PDL�EDJL�vQFD����GH�VRPDOH]L�vQDXQWUX"5�6FRWL�FDUWHOD����Ì�&XP�SRWL�VD�VFRWL�FHL�����GH�VRPDOH]L�GLQ�FDELQD"5�1LFL�R�VDQVD��$X�EXUWLOH�SOLQH����Ì�&XP�SRWL�VD�VFRWL�FHL�����GH�VRPDOH]L�GLQ�FDELQD"5�7UDJL�GH�FROWXO�GH�SkLQH��&X�WRWLL�VH�WLQ�ELQH�FX�GLQWLL�GH�HO����Ì�ÌQ�JUXSXUL�GH�FkWL�DX�YRLH�VRPDOH]LL�OD�FLQHPD"5���DOWIHO�VH�ULGLFD�VFDXQXO����Ì�&XP�VH�UDGLRJUDILD]D�VRPDOH]LL"5�6H�WLQ�vQ�IDWD�VRDUHOXL����Ì�&H�LQGLFDWLL�H[LVWD�vQ�OLIWXULOH�GLQ�6RPDOLD"5�6DUFLQD�PD[LPD�����NJ�VDX������SHUVRDQH����Ì�'H�FH�QX�DUH�QLFL�XQ�URVW�WULPLWHUHD�GH�DMXWRDUH�vQ�PHGLFDPHQWH�vQ�6RPDOLD"5�3H�PDMRULWDWHD�VFULH���D�VH�OXD�GXSD�PDVD����Ì�&kWD�SRS DWLH�DUH�6RPDOLD"5���NLORJUDPH����Ì�ÌQ�FH�UHJLXQH�D�6RPDOLHL�H�GHQVLWDWHD�SRS DWLHL�PDL�PDUH"5�'HSLQGH�FXP�EDWH�YkQWXO����Ì�'H�FH�vQWLQG�VRPDOH]LL�XQ�ILU�GH�DWD�OD�VWUDQG"

Page 227: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�3HQWUX�FD�SURSULL�FRSLL�VD�VH�SRDWD�MXFD�OD�XPEUD����6H�MRDFD�VRPDOH]LL��'H�D�YDWL�DVFXQVHOHD��7H�DP�JDVLW�3H�FDUH�GLQ�QRL�GRL����6H�MRDFD�VRPDOH]LL��'H�D�YDWL�DVFXQVHOHD��+HL�WX�JUDVDQXOH�WH�DP�JDVLW��HVWL�DVFXQV�GXSD�FRDGD�PDWXULL������6FULVRDUH�GH�PXOWXPLUH�D�FRQGXFHULL�VRPDOH]H�SHQWUX�FHDVXULOH�GH�PkQD�FX�EUDWDUD��0XOWXPLP�SHQWUX�IUXPRDVHOH�FXUHOH��������'XSD�FH�VH�UHFXQRDVWH�XQ�VRPDOH]�ERJDW"5�3RDUWD�XQ�5ROH[�vQ�MXUXO�EUkXOXL�����'H�FH�QX�D�SDUWLFLSDW�DYLDWLD�VRPDOH]D�OD�5D]ERLXO�GLQ�*ROI"5�(UD�EROQDY�SLORWXO�����&H�V�D�vQWDPSODW�GDFD�LQ�IDUIXULD�XQXL�VRPDOH]��GLPLQHDWD��VH�JDVHVWH�XQ�ERE�GH�RUH]"5�$�YRPLWDW�WRDWD�QRDSWHD�����&H�VXQW�OLQLLOH�QHJUH�GH�GLIHULWH�JURVLPL�GH�SH�FXWLLOH�7HWUD�3DN"5�3R]H�GH�IDPLOLH�GLQ�6RPDOLD��������6L�FH�VXQW�FLIUHOH�GH�GHGHVXSW"""5�0HGLD�GH�YLDWD�D�PHPEULORU�IDPLOLHL�����&H�IRORVHVF�VRPDOH]LL��GH�SUHIHULQWD��FD�VDF�GH�GRUPLW"5�8Q�SDL�����&kWL�VRPDOH]L�vQFDS�vQWU�XQ�DXWREX]"5�7RWL�����'H�FH�SRDUWD�VRPDOH]LL�XQ�RV�vQQRGDW�vQ�SDU"5�6D�QX�SLFH�SULQWUH�]DEUHOHOH�FDSDFHORU�GH�OD�FDQDOL]DUH�����'H�FH�DX�VRPDOH]LL�EXUWLOH�DVD�GH�PDUL�VL�EUDWHOH�DVD�GH�VXEWLUL"5�$VWD�YLQH�GH�OD�IDSWXO�FD�PDQkQFD�IRDUWH�PXOW�VL�OXFUHD]D�IRDUWH�SXWLQ�����&H�VFULH�SH�XVD�VHFWLHL��8UJHQWH��D�XQXL�VSLWDO�VRPDOH]"5��&D]XULOH�H[WUHP�GH�JUDYH�VD�VH�LQWURGXFD�SH�VXE�XVD�����'H�FH�XQ�VRPDOH]�DUH�JkWXO�XPIODW"5�6�D�vQHFDW�FX�XQ�ERE�GH�RUH]�����&H�HVWH�UDXWDFLRV"5�5HFODPH�0F'RQDOGV�vQ�6RPDOLD�����&XP�D�FD]XW�JXYHUQXO�GLQ�6RPDOLD"5�$X�WDLDW�FRSDFXO�������&H�IDFH�XQ�VRPDOH]�FDUH�D�JDVLW���SkLQL"5�'HVFKLGH�GHSR]LW�HQ�JURV�����'H�FH�DUH�XQ�VRPDOH]�XQ�ERE�GH�RUH]�OkQJD�HO"5�$�YRPDW�WRDWD�QRDSWHD�����&XP�IDF�VROGDWLL�VRPDOH]L�vQFDO]LUHD�GH�GLPLQHDWD"5�$OHDUJD�GRXD�WXUH�GH�WDUD�����&XP�VH�VDOXWD�VRPDOH]LL�"5�&H�YkQW�WH�DGXFH�SDLFL��IUDWH�"

Page 228: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���Ì�'H�FH�VRPDOH]LL�vVL�SXQ�FkWH�XQ�FKLEULW�vQ�ILHFDUH�XUHFKH�FkQG�VH�GXF�VD�IDFD�EDLH"5�&D�VD�QX�FDGD�vQ�FDQDO�DWXQFL�FkQG�GDX�GUXPXO�OD�DSD����ÌQ�6RPDOLD��&LWH�NJ�DL�ED�"�����*UDV��OD�H[WHUPLQDUH��8UPDWRUXO��&kWH�.J�DL"�����*UDVXW��JUDVXW��/D�H[WHUPLQDUH��8UPDWRUXO��&DWH�.J�DL"����3OHWRVXOH����9LQH�0RV�&UDFLXQ�OD�FRSLL�GLQ�6RPDOLD�����(K���FRSLL�PRVXOXL���DWL�IRVW�FXPLQWL�"�'DDDDD��0RV�&UDFLXQ��6L��FRSLL�PRVXOXL��L�DWL�DVFXOWDW�SH�SDULQWL�"�'DDDD��0RV�&UDFLXQ��'D�GH�PDQFDW�DWL�PDQFDW�"�3DL�VWLWL��OD�QRL�LQ�6RPDOLD����H�FDP�JUHX��H�IRDPHWH����&LQH�QX�PDQkQFD�QX�SULPHVWH�FDGRXUL�����Ì�0HUJ�VRPDOH]LL�OD�GLVFRWHFD�"5�'D��GDFD�vQ�GLUHFWLD�DLD�EDWH�YDQWXO����/D�XQ�VDQDWRULX�vQ�6RPDOLD��VH�DXGH�R�YRFH��6RRRUUUDDDD��XQ�SDLDQMHQ���9LQ�LPHGLDW��]LFH�VRUD��FDUH�HUD�RFXSDWD���0DL�WUHFH�SXWLQ�WLPS��6RRRUUUDDDD��XQ�SDLDQMHQ���9LQ�LPHGLDW��]LFH�VRUD��FDUH�HUD�vQFD�RFXSDWD�0DL�WUHFH�SXWLQ�WLPS��8QGH�PD�GXFL��EHVWLH"����$PHULFDQLL�vL�FkQWDUHVF�SH�VRPDOH]L����NJ��)RDUWH�ELQH�Y�DWL�vQJUDVDW��8UPDWRULL��������Ì�&LQH�DUH����GH�NLORJUDPH�vQ�6RPDOLD�"5�3RS DWLD�XQXL�VDW����Ì�'H�FH�D�FD]XW�SDUWLGXO�FRPXQLVW�vQ�6RPDOLD"5�6�D�UXSW�FUDFD�vQ�WLPSXO�VHGLQWHL������Ì�&HL�PLF�VL�VODE�VL�DOHDUJD�FX�����NP�K�SULQ�GHVHUW"5�8Q�VRPDOH]�FDUH�D�JDVLW�XQ�ERQ�GH�FDQWLQD����Ì�6L�FHL�PLF�VL�VODE�VL�DOHDUJD�FX�����NP�K�SULQ�GHVHUW"5�8Q�VRPDOH]�FDUH�D�XLWDW�ERQXO�GH�FDQWLQD��JDVLW��DFDVD����Ì�&DUH�H�FHD�PDL�DSUHFLDWD�UHFODPD�vQ�6RPDOLD"5��6QLFNHUV�FkQG�WH�DSXFD�IRDPHD�����Ì�&H�H�XQ�VRPDOH]�KLGURFHIDO"5�8Q�VXUXE�GH������Ì�&H�H�XQ�ERE�GH�IDVROH�vQ�IDWD�XQXL�VRPDOH]"5�5DWLD�SH�R�VDSWDPDQD����Ì�&H�UHSUH]LQWD�XQ�VRPDOH]�FX�XQ SXPQ�GH�RUH]"5�8Q�HQJURVLVW����Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�VRPDOH]�vPEUDFDW�FX�R�VFXUWD�GH�EODQD"5�3HULH�GH�FXUDWDW�SLSD�

Page 229: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����&H�VXQW�GRL�VRPDOH]L�vQ�VDFXO�GH�GRUPLW�5�7ZL[����&kWL�VRPDOH]L�LQWUD�QWU�XQ�7UDEDQW"5�����&XP"5���vQ�IDWD����vQ�VSDWH�VL����vQ�VFUXPLHUD�������'RL�VRPDOH]L��%D��GDFD�vQ�VHDUD�DVWD�QX�EDWH�YkQWXO��PHUJHP�OD�IHPHL"����&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�VWUHSWRFRFL�VL�VRPDOH]L�5�*UHXWDWHD���5�1X��DPELL�VH�FRPSDFWHD]D��DVWHSWkQG�WLPSXUL�SULHOQLFH�������&DUH�H�GHRVHELUHD�GLQWUH�VWUHSWRFRFL�VL�VRPDOH]L�5�6WUHSWRFRFLL�PDL�VL�JDVHVF�WLPSXUL�SULHOQLFH�������&H�DUH�PDVXULOH�������������"5�0LVV�6RPDOLD�������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�VRPOH]�FX�VWUXQJDUHDWD"5�*UHEOD�������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�VRPDOH]�FX�XQ�VDF�GH�RUH]"5�6(7�)25�/,)(����&H�IDFH�XQ�VRPDOH]�FX�XQ�VDF�GH�RUH]"5�'HVFKLGH�XQ�UHVWDXUDQW�������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�VRPDOH]�FX�XQ�FkLQH"5�9HJHWDULDQ�������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�VRPDOH]�FX�GRL�FkLQL"5�)HUPLHU�������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�VRPDOH]�FX�WUHL�FkLQL"5�(QJURVLVW�������'H�FH�QX�OH�SODFH�VRPDOH]LORU�VH[XO�RUDO"5�1X�VH�SRW�IRUWD�VD�VSXQD���0DQkQFD�PD��PDQkQFD�PD������&DUH�H�GHILQLWLD�RSWLPLVPXOXL"5�8Q�VRPDOH]�vQ�FRVWXP�GH�GLQHX�������&H�L�DVWD���"5�*UHVLW��QX�L�XQ�FRSLO�VRPDOH]�FL�XQ�VRPDOH]�FRQVWLSDW�������$WL�DX]LW�GH�VRPDOH]XO�FDUH��OD�JUDGLQD�]RRORJLFD��D�FD]XW�vQ�JURDSD�FX�FURFRGLOL"5��"�"5�$�PkQFDW�WUHL�GLQWUH�HL�SkQD�vQJULMLWRULL�DX�UHXVLW�VD�LQWHUYLQD�������&H�IDF�VRPDOH]LL�QRDSWHD"5�*UHYD�IRDPHL�������&DUH�H�FHO�PDL�UDSLG�DQLPDO�GLQ�OXPH"5�2ULFDUH�DQLPDO�FkQG�WUDYHUVHD]D�6RPDOLD�������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�VRPDOH]�GH����GH�NLORJUDPH"5�&DQLEDO�������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�VRPDOH]�FX�XQ�ERE�GH�PD]DUH�vQ�SDU"5�8Q�VIHUW�GH�NLORJUDP

Page 230: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���Ì�&H�IDF�VRPDOH]LL�QRDSWHD"5�5HFODPH�SHQWUX�WHOHYL]LXQH������Ì�8Q�YDSRU�FX�VRPDOH]L�VH�VFXIXQGD��&LQH�VH�VDOYHD]D�GH�OD�vQHF"5�6RPDOH]XO�FDUH�DUH�R�DVFKLH�GH�OHPQ�vQ�WDOSD������Ì�&LQH�D�IRVW�SULPXO�RP�SH�/XQD"5�8Q�VRPDOH]�JDUH�V�D�MXFDW�FX�HODVWLFXO�GH�OD�FKLORWL������2�PDUH�IDEULFD�GH�ODSWH�WULPLWH�FD�DMXWRU��������OLWUL�GH�ODSWH�vQ�6RPDOLD�&D�VL�%RQXV�vPSDFKHWHD]D�VL��������GH�SDLH�'XSD�OLYUDUHD�DMXWRDUHORU�YLQH�XQ�WHOHIRQ�GLQ�SDUWHD�FRQGXFHULL�VRPDOH]H��9D�PXOWXPLP�SHQWUX�ODSWH��GDU�FH�VD�IDFHP�FX�PXOWLPHD�GH�VDFL�GH�GRUPLW"������Ì�'XSD�FH�UHFXQRVWL�XQ�VRPDOH]�FDVDWRULW"5�'XSD�LQHOXO�GLQ�MXUXO�EXUWLL������ÌQ�WLPSXO�UD]ERLXOXL�FLYLO�GLQ�6RPDOLD�VH�EDWHDX�DPHULFDQLL�FX�UHEHOLL�FD�VD�SDFLILFH�WDUD�8Q�VROGDW�DPHULFDQ�YHGH�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�XQ�WDQF�VRPDOH]��FDUH�RGDWD�FH�WUDJHD�ERPED�FDGHD�OkQJD�WDQF�VL�H[SORGD�WDQFXO�DVWD�HUD�GH�SDUWHD�DPHULFDQLORU��6H�GXFH�VROGDWXO�OD�WDQF�VL�O�VWULJD�SH�VRPDOH]��%DL�VRPDOH]XOH"�&H�L�ED"�'H�FH�WUDJL�DVD�GH�DSURDSH�GH�WDQF��WUDJH�VL�WX�PDL�WDUH��$X]L�ED�DPHULFDQXOH��0DL�ELQH�YLQR�WX�DLFL�VXV��LDU�GDFD�WX�SRWL�VD�VXIOL�PDL�WDUH�WH�ODV�vQ�ORFXO�PHX����8Q�VRPDOH]�OD�$OLPHQWDUD��2UH]�YD�URJ��ÌQ�FkWH�IHOLL�GRULWL"���Ì�&DUH�HVWH�LPQXO�QDWLRQDO�DO�6RPDOLHL"5��,�EHOLYH�,�FDQ�IO\��������Ì�&H�H�DWkW�GH�GHRVHELW�GDFD�GDL�PXLH�XQHL�VRPDOH]H"5�3RWL�IL�VLJXUD�FD�vQJKLWH�WRWXO���%DQFXUL�FX�WLJDQL��Ì�6WLWL�FXP�IDFH�XQ�WLJDQ�vQ�FLXGD�XQHL�PXVWH"5�2�SULQGH�vQWUH�GRXD�JHDPXUL�VL�PDQkQFD�FDFDW�FX�OLQJXULWD�vQ�IDWD�HL���Ì�6WLWL�GH�FH�VXQW�WLJDQLL�QHJUL"5�3HQWUX�FD�DWXQFL�FkQG�V�DX�QDVFXW�HL��EDU]D�HUD�vQ�FRQFHGLX�VL�L�D�DGXV�FLRDUD���Ì�&H�L�PDUH��QHJUX��VL�L�VDGH�ELQH�OD�JkW�WLJDQXOXL"5�8Q�GREHUPDQ���Ì�'H�FH�D�IRVW�FRQFHGLDW�OLIWLHUXO�WLJDQ"5�3HQWUX�FD�D�XLWDW�GUXPXO���Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GHRVHELUHD�GLQWUH�XQ�WLJDQ�VL�R�IDWD�PDUH"5�7LJDQXO�WRW�WLJDQ�UDPLQH���&LFD�OD�$XVFKZLW�VXQW�SULQVL�QLVWH�WLJDQL�FH�OXFUDVHUD�vQ�5HVLWD�OD�QX�VWLX�FH�IDEULFD�VPHFKHUD��FDUH�SROXD�GH�WL�VH�vQQHJUHDXSXSLOHOH����/H�IDF�QHPWLL�SURFHVXO�VL�vL�EDJD�vQ�FDPHUD�GH�JD]DUH�vPSUHXQD�FX�DOWL�]HFL�GH�HYUHL��'DX�GUXPX�OD�JD]��GXSD���PLQ�LQWUD�XQ�FRPDQGDQW����'HVFKLGH�XVD��VH�XLWD�vQ�FDPHUD�VL�vL�YHGH�SD�WLJDQL�MXFkQG�FDUWL�SH�PRUPDQX�GH�HYUHL�+LWOHULVWX����&H�IDFHWL�ED"7LJDQLL����ÌQFKLGH�XVD�vQ�S D�PDWLL�FD�LHVH�JD]X���8Q�WLJDQ�vVL�IDFH�DVLJXUDUH�OD�FDVD��,PHGLDW�GXSD�FH�SOHDFD�DJHQWXO�GH�DVLJXUDUL��WLJDQXO�VH�DSXFD�VD�FLWHDVFD�SROLWD�VL�YHGHFD�vQ�FD]�GH�LQFHQGLX�YD�IL�GHVSDJXELW�FX����PLOLRDQH�OHL��)DUD�VD�VH�JkQGHDVFD�PXOW�WLJDQXO�WRDUQD�EHQ]LQD�SULQ�WRDWD�FDVD�VL

Page 231: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

SXQH�IRF��1X�WUHFH�PXOW� WLPS�VL�QHYDVWD�VD�� vQWRUFLQGX�VH�GH�OD�VHUYLFL��YHGH�FDVD� vQ� IODFDUL� VL�SH�VRWXO�HL�FRQWHPSOkQGX�VLIDSWD��$ROHX��VDUL�EDUEDWH�FD�QH�DUGH�FDVD��FH�VWDL�DVD"����0DL�WDFL�ID�SURDVWR��FD�QH�DP�IDFXW�DVLJXUDUH�VL�DFXP�R�VD�ILP�ERJDWL�����(HHH��KDL�FD�HVWL�GHVWHSW����DX]L��GD�FH�L�FX�PLURVXO�DVWD�GH�]DKDU�DUV"����$ROHX��IDFH�WLJDQXO��DP�XLWDW�R�vQDXQWUX�SH�GLDEHWLFD�GH�PD�WD������8Q�WLJDQ�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ�GH�DUWLFROH�HOHFWULFH�VD�FXPSHUH�XQ�ILHU�GH�FDOFDW��ÌQWUHDED�GH�SUHW�VL�L�VH�]LFH��������OHL�7LJDQXO�vQFHSH�VD�VH�YDLFDUHDVFD�FD�Q�DUH�EDQL��HWF��9kQ]DWRUXOXL�vL�YLQH�R�LGHH��$X]L�PDL�WLJDQH��GDFD�UHXVHVWL�VD�WL�VFROL�WX�VXOD�VL�DWkUQL�ILHUXO�GH�VXOD�VL�PHUJL�GLQWU�XQ�FDSDW�DO�PDJD]LQXOXL�vQ�FHODODOW��VLILHUXO�QX�FDGH��H�DO�WDX�7LJDQXO� XQD�GRXD� IDFH� WUHDED� VL� ILHUXO� QX� FDGH�� 9kQ]DWRUXO� VH� WLQH� GH� SURPLVLXQH� VL�L� GD� ILHUXO� FDGRX�� /D� vQFKLGHUHDPDJD]LQXOXL��YkQ]DWRUXO�vO�YHGH�SH�WLJDQ�DOHUJkQG�SH�VWUDGD�FX�ILHUXO�DWkUQDW�FD�PDL�vQDLQWH��%LQH�EDL�WLJDQH��ILHUXO�H�DO�WDX��FH�WH�PDL�PXQFHVWL�DFXP"�(HH��FRDQH��SDL�HX�PD�DQWUHQH]�DFXP�SHQWUX�XQ�IULJLGHU������Ì�&XP�VH�VLQXFLGH�XQ�WLJDQ"5�ÌVL�PLURDVH�FLRUDSLL����Ì�&XP�VH�VLQXFLGH�XQ�URPkQ"5�ÌL�VSXQH�EDQFXO�DVWD�XQXL�WLJDQ����8Q�WLJDQ�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�XQ�VHI�GH�WULE�DIULFDQ��0D��PLQFDWL�DV��FXP�IDFL�GH�WL�LHV�WkQFLL�DLD�QHJUL��FD�LR�FXP�R�GDX�WRW�FDIHQLL�LHV����3DL�R�DL�DLD�OXQJD�FD�D�PHD"�1X��PkQFDWL�DV����'D�DVD�JURDVD"�3DL����QX��0L�DP�vQFKLSXLW�HX�FD�DVWD�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH��LQWUD�OXPLQD�����7X�VWLL�FLQH�DGXFH�FRSLOXO"�'D��%DU]D��'DU�FRSLOXO�GH�WLJDQ"�&RFRVWkUFXO�OLQJXUDU����Ì�&H�IDFH�WLJDQXO�GDFD�L�PRDUH�QHYDVWD"5�2�ODVD�GH�JkW����'RL�WLJDQL��0DL�,OLH�FXP�WH�DSHUL�WX�vPSRWULYD�6,'$"�&X�SUH]HUYDWLY��vO�SRUW�WRW�WLPSXO��6L�QX�O�GDL�MRV�QLFLRGDWD"�%D�GD�FkQG�PD�GXF�OD�WRDOHWD�VL�FkQG�IDF�VH[����3UHVHGLQWHOH�$PHULFLL��SUHVHGLQWHOH�5XVLHL�VL�XQ�WLJDQ�DMXQJ�OD�'XPQH]HX��FDUH�LO�LD�SH�SULPXO�VL�vL�]LFH��%D��GDFD�WDUD�YRDVWUD�PDL�vQFHDUFD�VD�FXFHUHDVFD�VSDWLXO��YH]L�WX�ELOD�DVWD"�2�DUXQF�SHVWH�YRL�VL�YD�GLVWUXJ�,HVH�DPHULFDQX�VXSDUDW��VL�LQWUD�UXVX�'XPQH]HX�vL�]LFH�VL�OXL��%D�� GDFD� WDUD�YRDVWUD�PDL� vQFHDUFD� VD� IDFD�DUPH�QXFOHDUH�� VD�L�DVXSULWL� SH� DOWLL�� YH]L� ELOD� DVWD"�2� DUXQF�SHVWH�YRL� VL� DGLR5XVLD�,HVH�VL�DVWD�VXSDUDW��VL�LQWUD�WLJDQXO��%D��GDFD�PDL�IXUL��PDL�YLROH]L��SDFDOHVWL�RDPHQLL�VL�DOWH�SURVWLL��DUXQF�ELOD�DVWD�VL�WH�GLVWUXJ�,HVH�WLJDQXO�Uk]kQG�vQ�KRKRWH��5XVX�VL�DPHULFDQX��PRUFRYLWL��vO�vQWUHDED��7X�GH�FH�HVWL�PD�EXFXURV"�1X�WL�D�]LV�FD�DUXQFD�ELOD�SHVWH�WLQH"�%D�GD��6L�DWXQFL"�3$,�%,/$�(�/$�0,1(����8Q�WLJDQ�VWDWHD�OkQJD�FDVD�OXL�FDUH�WRFPDL�FDGHD�VL�YLQH�XQ�SXUDGHO�VL�vL�VSXQH�WLJDQXOXL��7HWHR�VSDUJH�PL�VL�PLH�WLQEXUHOX�DVWD�ÌO�LD�WLJDQXO�VL�vO�VSDUJH�VL�VSXQH�,D�O�PD0DL�VWD�XQ�SLF�SXUDGHOXO�VL�PDL�YLQH�vQFD�RGDWD�VL�VSXQH��7HWHR�VSDUJH�PL�VL�PLH�WLPEXUHOXO�DVWD��vO�LD�WLJDQXO�VL�vO�VSDUJH�VL�vL�VSXQH�WLJDQX�LD�O�PD�VL�SOHDFD�VL�LDU�VH�JkQGHVWH�WLJDQXO

Page 232: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

FH�VD�IDFD�FX�FRSLL�VL�LDU�YLQH�SXLXO�GH�WLJDQ�VL�VSXQH��7HWHR�VSDUJH�PL�VL�PLH�WLPEXUHOX�DVWDÌO�LD�WLJDQXO�VL�vO�VSDUJH�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�'H�XQGH�DL�DWDWL�VkPEXUL"�3HL�WHWHR�OD�FROWX�VWUD]L�LH�XQ�FDFDW�GH����FP�SOLQ�FX�WLPEXUHL����8Q�WLS�WUHFHD�SULQWU�R�SDGXUH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YHGH�XQ�WLJDQ�OHJDW�FX�IUkQJKLH�GH�PLMORF�DWkUQDW�GH�R�FUDFD��&H�IDFL�DFROR��EDL�WLJDQH"�1X�YH]L�PkQFDWL�DV"�0�DP�VSkQ]XUDW��3DL�QX�DVD�FLRDUD�GUDFXOXL��GH�JkW��$P�kQFHUFDW���GD�PD�VXIRF����3LUDQGD�GD�GLYRUW��'H�FH�GLYRUWH]L�SLUDQGR"�3DL�GRP�MXGHFDWRU��PD�I WH�Q�XUHFKH��&XP�PDL�WLJDQH�"�$L�WLJDQFD�IUXPRDVD��]GUDYDQD�VL�WX�����vQ�XUHFKH"�6D�PRDUD�PDPD�GRP�MXGHFDWRU�GDFD�H�DGHYDUDW��(X�YUHDX�VD�L�GDX�PXLH��GD�GDFD�HD�vQWRDUFH�FDSX����7LJDQXO�R�JDVHVWH�SH�3LUDQGD�vQ�SDW�FX�QDVX��+DROHR��WH�RPRU��ID��SDL�FX�QDVX�PD�vQVHOL�"��$X]L�ED�WLJDQH��DL�OXDW�FDUQH"�1X����$L�OXDW�FDIHD"�1X����$L�OXDW�EDXWXUD"�1X����3DL�DWXQFL�FX�FH�YUHL�VD�O�WUDWH]�SH�QDVX"���8Q�WLJDQ�vVL�JDVHVWH�FRQVRDUWD�YHJKLQG�OD�SORGXO�EROQDY��'XSD�FH�VWD�HO�XQ�SLF�XLWkQGX�VH�OD�HD��]LFH��$X]L�ID��SURDVWR��QX�PDL�VWD�DVD��]L��vO�GXFHP�S�DVWD�OD�GRFWRU�VDX�IDFHP�DOWXO"���'RL�WLJDQL�GLYRUWHD]D��ÌQ�GUXP�VSUH�FDVD�WUHF�SULQ�SDGXUH��7LJDQXO�]LFH��)D��DX]L��PkQFD�PL�DL��DFXP�WUHEH�VD�QH�GXFHP�vQ�GUXPXO�QRVWUX��WX�OD�GUHDSWD�VL�HX�OD�VWkQJD�GDU�XLWH�SHQWUX�XOWLPD�RDUD�QX�YUHL�V�R�PDL�SXQHP�RGDWD"�+DL�WLJDQH�'XSD�FH�WHUPLQD��WLJDQXO�XLPLW�SURIXQG��)D��KDL�vQDSRL�VD�QH�FXQXQDP��DVD�FXP�DL�VWDW�DFXP��QX�DL�VWDW�QLFLRGDWD���7LJDQFD�VXSDUDWD��$X]L�ED��WkPSLWXOH��QX�DL�YD]XW�FD�P�DL�SXV�vQ�XU]LFL"���7LJDQXO�YLQH�DFDVD�IRDUWH�WkU]LX�VL�3LUDQGD�vO�LD�OD�URVW��8QGH�DL�XPEODW��EHOHVWHPDWXOH"�/D�VHGLQWD��ID��6HGLQWD��D"�0D�SURVWHVWL�vQ�IDWD"�6WDL�DVD�ID��6D�PRDUD�PDPD��DP�IRVW�OD�VHGLQWD��$�YHQLW�FLQHYD�GH�OD�JXYHUQ�VL�QH�D�]LV���&LWH]�ÌQ������YRP�DYHD�GH���RUL�PDL�PXOWD�FDUQH��&LWH]��9D�FUHVWH�VDODULXO�FX��������6L�DOWH�FKHVWLL�GLQ�DVWHD��'D�FH�vQVHDPQD�PD���FLWH]���1LFL�HX�QX�VWLX�GDU�FUHG�FD�vQVHDPQD�FD�XQ�IHO�GH��VDQFKL�����ÌQWU�XQ� EDORQ� FDUH� WUDYHUVD�$WODQWLFXO� VH� DIODX� SDWUX� FHWDWHQL� �� XQ� HQJOH]�� XQ� IUDQFH]�� XQ� DPHULFDQ� VL� XQ� WLJDQ�� /D� XQPRPHQW�GDW�EDORQXO�vQFHSH�VD�FRERDUH��(QJOH]XO��YD]DQG�DFHVW�OXFUX�]LFH��*HQWOHPDQ�DP�IRVW��JHQWOHPDQ�UDPkQ���VL�VH�DUXQFD�GLQ�QDFHOD�vQ�RFHDQ�%DORQXO�XUFD��'XSD�XQ�WLPS�EDORQXO�vQFHSH�LDU�VD�FRERDUH��)UDQFH]XO�]LFH���*HQWLORP�DP�IRVW��JHQWLORP�UDPkQ���VL�VH�DUXQFD�SHVWH�ERUG�%DORQXO� XUFD� GLQ� QRX��'XSD� vQFD� SXWLQ� WLPS� VH� YHGH� OD� RUL]RQW� SDPkQW�� $PHULFD�� %DORQXO� FRERDUD� GLQ� QRX� vQDLQWH� GH� DDMXQJH�OD�WDUP��7LJDQXO�]LFH��7LJDQ�DP�IRVW��WLJDQ�UDPkQ���RUL�WH�DUXQFL�WX�RUL�WH�DUXQF�(8�����ÌQ�DUPDWD�OD�SDUDVXWLVWL�RILWHUXO�H[SOLFD�VROGDWXOXL�WLJDQ�FXP�VH�SURFHGHD]D�GXSD�FH�VDUH��7UDJL�PDQHWD�YHUGH�VL�GDFD�QX�VH�GHVFKLGH�WUDJL�PDQHWD�URVLH�7LJDQXO�LQWUHDED��6L�GDFD�WRW�QX�VH�GHVFKLGH"�2ILWHUXO�vL�UDVSXQGH��$WXQFL�WH�URJL�OD�6IkQWXO�,RVLI�'XSD�FH�VDUH�WLJDQXO�VL�WRDWD�WUXSD�RILWHUXO�vQFKLGH�XVD�DYLRQXOXL�LDU�GXSD�FkWHYD�PLQXWH�DXGH�EDWDL�vQ�XVD�

Page 233: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

6WXSHILDW�GHVFKLGH�XVD�VL�vO�YHGH�SH�WLJDQ�FDUH�]LFH��'RP�RILWHU�SDUDVXWD�QX�V�D�GHVFKLV��GD�FXP�DL�]LV�FD�O�FKHDPD�SH�6IkQWX�DOD"������7RW�vQ�DUPDWD�OD�SDUDVXWLVWL�FkQG�VD�SOHFH�JUXSD�OD�VDULWXUL��WLJDQXO�VH�GXFH�OD�VHUJHQW��'RP�VHUJHQW�LR�QX�VDU�D]L�6HJHQWXO��'H�FH�PDL�WLJDQH"�$P�YLVDW�FD�QX�VH�GHVFKLGH�SDUDVXWD��1X�VH�SRDWH�WLJDQH�DVWHD�V�YLVH��WUHEXLH�VD�VDUL��'RP�VHUJHQW�LR�V�VXSHUVWLWLRV��OD�PLQH�VH�vQWDPSOD�FkQG�YLVH]��QX�YUHDX�VD�PRU��0DL�WLJDQH�WUHEXLH�VD�VDUL��H�RUGLQ��GDU�XLWH�GDFD�YUHL�vWL�GDX�HX�SDUDVXWD�PHD�VL�WX�PL�R�GDL�SH�D�WD�2N��VDUH�WRDWD�OXPHD��VDUH�WLJDQXO�WUDJH�GH�PkQHU�SDUDVXWD�VH�GHVFKLGH�VL�vQ�WLPS�FH�UDVXIOD�XVXUDW�DXGH�VXLHUkQG�SH�OkQJD�HO��3 D�PDWLLL������7LJDQXO�YLQH�VHDUD�DFDVD�VL�R�LD�SH�3LUDQGD�WDUH��)D��3LUDQGR��EDJ�GLYRUW��'H�FH��ED��WLJDQH"�&D�HVWL�SURDVWD��$L��ED��PkQFD�W�DV��FD�QX�VXQW��%D�GD��ID��HVWL�SURDVWD����,D��]L�PL�WX�PLH�FH�DYHP�QRL�VXE�SDW�VL�vQFHSH�FX��2�"�6H�JkQGHVWH�3LUDQGD�FH�VH�JkQGHVWH�VL�VSXQH��1X�VWLX��ED��WLJDQH��6XQW�SURDVWD��=L�PL�WX��2�SHUHFKH�GH�SDSXFL��9H]L�FD�HVWL�SURDVWD"�$L�GUHSWDWH��'D�DFX�]L�PL�VL�WX�PLH��FH�DYHP�QRL�VXE�SDW�VL�vQFHSH�FX��+��6H�JkQGHVWH�WLJDQX�FH�VH�JkQGHVWH����1X�VWLX�ID��3LUDQGR��FH�H"�+vQFD�R�SHUHFKH�GH�SDSXFL����6H�FDQDOL]HD]D�XQ�FDUWLHU�GH�WLJDQL��,OLH�vL�SRYHVWHD�FXPDWUXOXL�VDX��3LUDQGD�PHD�D�OXDW�VL�SHULH�OD�:&��6L�FXP�H"�0HUJH��GD�]LDUXO�HUD�PDL�EXQ����8Q�SROLWLVW�HPDQFLSDW�VWD�DODWXUL�GH�XQ�WLJDQ�SH�PDUJLQHD�GUXPXOXL��vQ�DVWHSWDUHD�DXWREX]XOXL��VL�L�VSXQH�DFHVWXLD��6WLL�WX�FXP�DUDWDP�QRL�GRL�DFXP"�1X��GRP�FDSLWDQ��vL�UDVSXQGH�WLJDQXO��&D�XQ�YXOWXU�VL�XQ�UDKDW��%LQH��GRPQX�JHQHUDO��$WXQFL�HX�WUHEXLH�VD�PL�LDX�]ERUXO�FD�PL�D�YHQLW�DXWREX]XO����8Q�WLJDQ�vVL�GXFH�ILXO�OD�FLVPDULH�VD�L�FXPSHUH�VDQGDOH��+DL�SUREHD]D�PD��ILXOH��$OH�FXL�H�WDWD"�$OH�WDOH�ODFUDPLRDUD�OXL�WDWD��$OH�FXL�H�WDWD"�$OH�WDOH�ED�ERXOH��vQ�PRUWLL�PDWLL��PkQFDWL�DV�LQLPLRDUD��$OH�FXLH�vQ�WDOSD�WDWD����7LJDQFD�OD�GRFWRU��FX�WLJDQX�GXSD�HD��2�FRQVXOWD�GRFWRUXO�FX�VWHWRVFRSXO��FX�XUHFKHD��R�vQWRDUFHSH�IDWD�VL�SH�GRV��SDQD�OD�XUPD�vO�LD�SH�WLJDQ�GHRSDUWH�VLL�VSXQH��7LJDQH��H�JUDY��QHYDVWDWD�H�DWLQVD�OD�SODPkQL��9DL��GRPQ�GRFWRU��PD�IODWDWL�������8Q�URP�YLQH�DFDVD�GH�OD�SROLFOLQLFD�VL�L�]LFH�QHYHVWL�VLL��+DX]L��ID��3KLUDQGR��D�]LV�GRPGRIWRU�F�DP�PRKRURL]L�VL�VD�PD�XQJ�OD�FXU�FX�DOLILD�DVWD�GH�WUHL�RUL�SH�]L�+DL��LD�SXQH�PkQD�VL�PD�XQJH��FD�WL�]LF�HX�FXP�VD�IDFL�����8LWH��LHL�FXWLD�FX�PkQD�VWkQJD�VL�SH�PLQH�GH�XPDU�FX�PDQD�GUHDSWD�VL���1X�H�ELQH����,HL�FXWLD�FX�GUHDSWD�VL�SH�PLQH�GH�XPDU�FX�VWkQJD�VL����7RW�QX�LHVH���$X]L��ID��GDFD�GRPGRIWRU�F�R�PkQD�WLQHD�FXWLD�VL�FX�DLODOWD�PH�WLQHD�GH�XPDU��FX�FH�S D�PD�VLL�PD�XQJHD"���3LUDQGD�DYHD�KHPRURL]L��VL�DYHD�GXUHUL�JURD]QLFH�� ÌL�VSXQH�OD�EDUEDW�VX�VD�PHDUJD� OD�GRFWRU�VD�L�FHDUD�FHYD��FD�QX�PDLSRDWH�0HUJH�WLJDQXVL�L�H[SOLFD�OD�GRFWRU�FH�R�GRDUH�SH�3LUDQGD�LDU�GRFWRUXO�vL�GD�QLVWH�VXSR]LWRDUH�VL�L�VSXQH��6SXQH�L�VD�VL�OH�EDJH�vQ�DQXV�0HUJH�WLJDQXO�DFDV�vL�GD�VXSR]LWRDUHOH�VL�L�]LFH�

Page 234: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�2�]LV�GRPQGRIWRU�VD�OH�EDJL�OD�DQX��$��FXP�VD�OH�EDJ�OD�DQX�EDWD�WH��FUXFHD��FD�SkQD�DWXQFL�PRU��'X�WH�vQDSRL�FD�HVWL�SURVW�VL�Q�R�QWHOHV�GRPQXGRIWRU�FH�DP�0HUJH�vQDSRL��VL�GRFWRUXO�vL�VSXQH��=L�L�VD�OH�EDJH�Q�UHFW�,DU�VH�GXFH�WLJDQX�DFDVD�VL�L�VSXQH�OD�3LUDQGD��2�]LV�GRPQGRIWRU�VD�OH�EDJL�GLUHFW��$��XQ�VD�OH�EDJ�GLUHFW��EDWD�WH�'XPQH]R��FD�PRU�GDFD�OH�LDX�GLUHFW�SD�WRDWH��'X�WH�vQDSRL�,DU�PHUJH�OD�GRFWRU��OD�FDUH�vL�VSXQH�SH�VOHDX��6SXQH�L�VD�OH�EDJH�Q�FXU�0HUJH�WLJDQX�DFDVD�VL�L�VSXQH�OD�3LUDQGD��1D�WX��YH]L�GDFD�HVWL�SURDVWD��V�R�QHUYDW�GRPQXGRIWRU�V�R�]LV�FD�SRWL�VD�WL�OH�EDJL�vQ�FXU����'RXD�WLJDQFL�vQWU�R�IDUPDFLH��%XQD�]LXD��GRDPQD��$YHWL�DOLILH�SHQWUX�SDGXFKL�OD�S D"�,HVL�DIDUD�QHQRURFLWR��&XP�vWL�SHUPLWL�VD�YRUEHVWL�DVD")HPHLD��UXVLQDWD��vL�]LFH�SULHWHQHL�VDOH��&HUH�WX��ID��FD�HVWL�PDL�WHOHFWXDOD�&HDODOWD�WLJDQFD��%XQD�]LXD��9D�URJ�VD�PL�GDWL�XQ�XQJXHQW�SHQWUX�SDUD]LWL�SXELHQL��6LJXU��GRDPQD��&kW�VD�YD�GDX"�3DL����FDP�FkW�SHQWUX�GRXD�S H����8Q�WULE�GH�FDQLEDOL�SULQGH�XQ�IUDQFH]��XQ�HQJOH]�VL�XQ�WLJDQ�6L�FDG�GH�DFRUG�VD�IDFD�GLQ�HQJOH]�R�FLRUED�SHQWUX�FD�O�DX�YD]XW�QXPDL�EXQ�GH�DVD�FHYD��GLQ�IUDQFH]�R�IULSWXUD�SHQWUX�FD�HUD�VLXQ�SLF�URWRIHL�VL�GLQ�WLJDQ�FDUH�HUD�VODE��PXUGDU�VL�MLJDULW��VDSXQ�/D�FDUH�WLJDQX�VWULJD�GLQ�WRWL�UDUXQFKLL��6D�VL�RUEHVF�GDFD�IDF�YUHXQ�FODEXF�������2GDWD�XQ�SUHRW�VH�LQWDOQHVWH�FX�XQ�WLJDQ��ÌQFHS�FHL�GRL�R�GLVFXWLH�GXSD�FDUH�DMXQJkQG�OD�R�QHvQWHOHJHUH�vQFHS�VD�VH�FHUWH�7LJDQXO�PDL�QHFXOWLYDW�vQFHSH�VD�O�vQMXUH�SH�SUHRW��'X�WH�ED�OD�GUDFX�FD�WH�SXQ�VD�PL�PLURVL�FLRUDSLL���$FHVWD�SOHDFD�VL�DGRXD�]L�PHUJH�OD�WULEXQDO�VL�v�O�GD�vQ�MXGHFDWD��6H�vQWkOQHVF�FHL�GRL�OD�SURFHV��3UHRWXO�vL�VSXQH�MXGHFDWRUXOXLSRYHVWHD�GDU�WLJDQXO�vQ�ORF�VD�VH�FRQVXPH�OXD�R�FDUWH�VL�GXSD�ILHFDUH�SDJLQD�SXQHD�FkWH�R�EDQFQRWD�GH���������OHL��/D�VIkUVLWWLJDQXO�HVWH�vQWUHEDW�GDFD�DUH�FHYD�GH�VSXV��6H�ULGLFD�VL�VSXQH��'RPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU�HX�QX�FRQVLGHU�FD�DP�JUHVLW��'XSD�FDUWHD�QRDVWUD�WLJDQHDVFD�HX�VSXQ�FD�QX�DP�JUHVLW��GDFD�YUHWL�SXWHWL�VDFLWLWL�VL�GY�-XGHFDWRUXO�GHVFKLGH�FDUWHD�VL�GD�R�SDJLQD�VL�L�D�EDQFQRWD�VL�WRW�DVD��3UHRWXO�VH�VDWXUD�VL�VSXQH��'RPQXOH�MXGHFDWRU�Y�DWL�KRWDUkW��KDLGHWL�VD�O�FRQGDPQDP�/D�FDUH�MXGHFDWRUXO�VSXQH��7DFL�GUDFXOXL�FD�DFXVL�WH�SXQ�VD�PL�PLURVL�VL�PLH�FLRUDSLL�������'LVFXWD�XQ�DPHULFDQ�FX�XQ�WLJDQ��$PHULFDQXO��'D�PL�RWHO�VL�WL�IDF�FHO�PDL�JLJDQWLF�YDSRU�SH�FDUH�O�DL�YD]XW�YUHRGDWD�/D�FDUH�WLJDQXO��'D�PL�WX�R�IHPHLH�VL�WL�IDF�FHO�PDL�WDUH�HFKLSDM�SHQWUX�YDSRUXO�WDX����3LUDQGD�VH�SURWDSHVWH�OD�3DUSDQJKHO��0R��FD�VD�PL�GDL�KR�VXWD�GH�PLL��+DL�ID"�&H�VD�IDFL�FX�KR�VXWD"�&D�VD�PL�LDX�SRUMDUWHOD��&HDLD��ID"�/DVD�FD�W�R�DUDW�GXSDLD��0DUFD�EDQX�9LQH� 3LUDQGD� GLQ� WvUJ� VL�O� FKHDPD� SH� 3DUSDQJKHO� vQ� RGDLH�� DSRL� ULGLFD� IXVWHOH�� 3DUSDQJKHO� OHVLQD�� ,QWUD� 2QX�� WDWDO� OXL3DUSDQJKHO��&H�L�DL�IDFXW��ID��OX�DVWD�GH�O�DL�GDW�SD�VSDWH"�&H�VD�L�IDF��ED��L�DP�DUDWDW�SRUMDUWHOD��&H�L�DL�DUDWDW��ID"�,RWH�DVWD��6L�vVL�ULGLFD�LDU�IXVWHOH����&DGH�VL�2QX����,QWUD�%DULD��PDPD�OXL�3DUSDQJKHO��)D��ILD�GUDFX�GD�WXWD��FX�FLQH�WH�D�DGXV�DLFHD��'D�FH�H�DVWLD�ODWL�SD�MRV"�,R�QX�VWLX��ID��GD�FH�D�FD]XW��FD�LR�OH�DP�DUDWDW�SRUMDUWHOD��&DUH��ID��SRUMDUWHOD��LD"�,RWH�FROHD��6L�VDOWD�FRUWLQD���

Page 235: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�3DL��ID��SURDVWD�GUDFX��FOHVWLVRULL�DLD�H�SHQWUX�FLRUDSL��QX�SHQWUX�EX]LOL�SL LL�������Ì�&H�VH�SRDWH�IDFH�GLQ����GH�WLJDQL"5�6DSXQ��;�����Ì�'H�FH�QX�FDOFL�FX�PDVLQD�XQ�WLJDQ�SH�ELFLFOHWD"5�6�DU�SXWHD�VD�ILH�ELFLFOHWD�WD������Ì�&XP�WH�DGUHVH]L�XQXL�WLJDQ�vPEUDFDW�OD�FRVWXP"5�,QFXOSDW��ULGLFDWH������8Q�WLJDQ�YLQH�OD�%LVHULFD�VD�VH�VSRYHGHDVFD��VL�SULQWUH�DOWHOH�PDUWXULVHVWH�FD�VL�D�IX XW�LDSD��6L�FXP�DL�IX XW�R�WLJDQH"�$P�VDSDW�R�JURDSD�VL�DP�EDJDW�LDSD�vQ�HD��DSRL�GH�SH�PDUJHQHD�JURDSHL�LD�P�SXV�R�'DVFDOXO�GH�D�FROR��$X]L�3DULQWH"�VL�QRL�����QH�FKLQXLDP�FX�6&$5$����3H�vQVHUDWH��XQ�WLJDQ�FRERDUD�vQ�YLWH]D�SH�ELFLFOHWD�GH�SH�R�SDQWD�DEUXSWD��'LQWU�R�GDWD��vQ�IDWD�OXL�DSDUH�VHIXO�GH�SRVW��2SUHVWH�WH�WLJDQH��Q�DL�IDU�VL�QLFL�PDFDU�XQ�RFKL�GH�SLVLFD��1X�PL�VWD�vQ�IDWD��Q�DP�QLFL�IUkQH�������8Q�WLJDQ�FXPSDUD�XQ�FDO�GLQ�WkUJ�GH�OD�XQ�VHPHQ�GH�DO�VDX�FDUH�VH�MXUDVH�SH�FH�DYHD�PDL�VIkQW�FD�DQLPDOXO�QX�DUH�QLPLF�VLHVWH�SHUIHFW�VDQDWRV��$FDVD��WLJDQXO�QRVWUX�FRQVWDWD�FD�WRWXVL�IXVHVH�SDFDOLW��1HUYRV�QHYRLH�PDUH��vL�VSXQH�QHYHVWH�VL��/XD�O�DU�GUDFX�SH�PL]HUDELOX�GH�/LQJXUDU��PL�D�YkQGXW�XQ�FDO�EROQDY��0DFDU�DWkWD�QRURF��FD�L�DP�SODWLW�FX�GRODULL�IDOVL������ÌQWU�R�VFRDOD�GH�OD�WDUD��SURIHVRUXO�vL�vQWUHDED�SH�HOHYL��(L�ELQH��FRSLL��FDQG�HVWH�PRPHQWXO�FHO�PDL�SRWULYLW�SHQWUX�D�FXOHJH�IUXFWHOH�GLQ�SRPL"0LFXWXO�WLJDQ�UDVSXQGH�SULPXO��&kQG�FkLQHOH�HVWH�OHJDW�������7LJDQXO�DVWD�WDUH�VDUDF�PDL�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH���'H�FH""�3kQD�VL�SUH]HUYDWLYHOH�OH�FXPSDUD�OD�PkQD�D�GRXD�������8Q�WLJDQ�VH�FRQVXOWD�OD�PHGLFXO�VDWXOXL�ILLQGFD�QX�L�PHUJH�QLFLFXP�YLDWD�VH[XDOD��$FHVWD�vO�SXQH�VD�VH�GH]EUDFH�SHQWUX�D�OSXWHD�H[DPLQD�VL�UDPkQH�H[WUHP�GH�VXUSULQV�YD]kQGX�L�SRGRDED�YLULOLWDWLL�DWkUQkQG�vQWUH�SLFLRDUH��'DU�QX�vQWHOHJ��GXPQHDYRDVWUD�VXQWHWL�SRVHVRUXO�XQHL�VFXOH�XULDVH��$SURDSH�FD�YD�ORYHVWH�JHQXQFKLL����&KLDU�DVWD�H�SUREOHPD��3kQD�VH�XPSOH�FX�VkQJH�OHVLQ������'RXD�WLJDQFL�PHUJ�OD�IDUPDFLH�VL�vQWUHDED�GDFD�DX�FHYD�SHQWUX�SDGXFKL�LQWLPL��)DUPDFLVWD�UDVSXQGH��'D�DYHP�FHYD�XQJXHQW��FkW�GRULWL"�3DL�DVD�FDP�SHQWUX�GRXD�)2)2/2$1&(������Ì�'H�FH�QX�PDQkQFD�WLJDQLL�SkLQH�QHDJUD"5�&D�VD�QX�VH�PXVWH�GH�GHJHWH�������0HUJH�WLJDQXO�OD�SUHRW�VD�VH�VSRYHGHDVFD�VL�YHGH�FXP�DFHVWD�VL�DVHD]D�FHDVXO�MRV��OkQJD�HO��7LJDQXO�vQJHQXQFKHD]D�VL�LDFHDVXO��&H�DL�SDFDWXLW"�vO�vQWUHDED�SUHRWXO��)XU��SDULQWH����6SXQH�FD�DL�IXUDW�QX�FD�IXUL�7LJDQXO�EDJD�FHDVXO�vQ�EX]XQDU��$P�IXUDW�SDULQWH��&H�DL�IXUDW�ILXOH"�8Q�FHDV����6L�O�DL�GDW�vQDSRL�SURSULHWDUXOXL"�9L�O�GDX�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�SDULQWH��(L��QX�PL�O�GD�PLH��GD�O�SURSULHWDUXOXL��$P�vQFHUFDW��GDU�QX�O�D�YUXW�vQDSRL��3DL�vQ�FD]XO�DVWD�SDVWUHD]D�O��ILXOH������8Q�WLJDQ�HVWH�SULQV�GH�FDWUH�SROLWLVWL��vQ�WLPS�FH�vQFHUFD�VD�IXUH�XQ�SRUWPRQHX�vQ�DXWREX]��1X�vQFHUFD�VD�QH�FRQYLQJL�FD�DL�OXDW�DFHVW�SRUWPRQHX�FUH]kQG�FD�HVWH�DO�WDX�

Page 236: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�1X�HVWH�DO�PHX��vQWU�DGHYDU��GDU�EDQFQRWHOH�DFHVWHD�vPL�VXQW�IRDUWH�IDPLOLDUH������8Q�WLJDQXV�vO�YHGH�vQWU�R�VHDUD�SH�WDWDO�VDX�FXOFDW�SHVWH�PDLFD�VD��$�GRXD�]L�vO�vQWUHDED��7DWD�FH�DL�IDFXW�DVWD�QRDSWH�FX�PDPD"�7L�DP�IDFXW�XQ�IUDWLRU��(X�QX�YUHDX�XQ�IUDWLRU�&DWHYD�]LOH�PDL�WkU]LX�R�YHGH�SH�PDLFD�VD�FDODULQGX�O�SH�WDLFD�VDX��6SXQH�PL�WDWD�FH�DL�IDFXW�DVWD�QRDSWH�FX�PDPD"�7L�DP�IDFXW�R�VXULRDUD��(X�QX�YUHDX�R�VXULRDUD�'XSD�DOWH�FkWHYD�]LOH�R�YHGH�SH�PDLFD�VD�vQ�JHQXQFKL�VL�SH�WDLFD�VDX�vQ�VSDWHOH�HL��$�GRXD�]L�HO�]LFH��7DWD�HX�QX YUHDX�QLFL�FDWHOXV������1HYDVWD�OXL�/LQJXUDU�EDWH�OD�SRUWLOH�5DLXOXL��6IkQWXO�3HWUX�vL�GHVFKLGH�VL�R�vQWUHDED��3H�FLQH�FDXWL"�3H�VRWXO�PHX��/LQJXUDU��3DL�QRL�DYHP�DWkWLD�/LQJXUDUL�DLFL�FD�QX�VWLX�FDUH�vL��6SXQH�PL�FHYD�GHVSUH�HO��GH�H[HPSOX�FH�WL�D�VSXV�vQDLQWH�GH�D�PXUL��0L�D�VSXV�FD�GH�FkWH�RUL�R�VD�O�vQVHO�VH�YD�UDVXFL�vQ�PRUPkQW��$DDD��DFXP�VWLX�GH�FDUH�/LQJXUDU�]LFL��HO�H�YHQWLODWRUXO�5DLXOXL����/D�R�VFRDOD�vQYDWDWRUXO�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�WLJDQXV�GDFD�QX�VWLH�FLQH�L�D�IXUDW�FDLVHOH�GLQ�JUDGLQD��1X�DXG�vQWUHEDUHD�GRPQXOH�vQYDWDWRU�ÌQYDWDWRUXO�VFKLPED�ORFXO�FX�WLJDQXO��WUHFkQG�HO�vQ�XOWLPD�EDQFD�VL�vL�]LFH��$FXP�YRP�VWL�GDFD�DL�VSXV�DGHYDUXO��VDX�YLQRYDW�ILLQG��WH�DL�SUHIDFXW�FD�QX�DX]L��ÌQWUHDED�PD�FHYD��FRSLOH��'RPQXOH�vQYDWDWRU�QX�VWLWL�FXPYD�FLQH�HUD�LHUL�FX�PkLQLOH�SH�IXQGXO�VXURULL�PHOH"/D�FDUH�vQYDWDWRUXO�UDVSXQGH��'LQ�EDQFD�DVWD�QX�VH�DXGH�vQWU�DGHYDU�QLPLF������3XLXO�GH�WLJDQ�vVL�vQWUHDED�PDPD��0DPD��FRDFD]D�DUH�SLFLRDUH"�1�DUH�ILXOH��/D�QDLED��LDU�DP�PkQFDW�R�EXEXUX]D����3ROLWLD�SULQGH�XQ� WLJDQ� FDUH� IXUDVH���������� OHL��'HJHDED� vQFHDUFD� VD�O� RELJH� VD� VSXQD�XQGH� D� DVFXQV� EDQLL� FD� DFHVWDYRUEHVWH�WRW�SH�OLPED�OXL�(VWH�FKHPDW�vQ�DMXWRU�WLJDQXO�/DFDWXV�SHQWUX�D�WUDGXFH��8QGH�DL�DVFXQV�EDQLL"7LJDQXO�UDVSXQGH�VL�/DFDWXV�WUDGXFH���1X�YD�VSXQ�3ROLWLVWXO�FH�FRRUGRQD�DQFKHWD�VFRDWH�SLVWROXO�vO�vQGUHDSWD�VSUH�WLJDQ�VL�]LFH��/DFDWXV��VSXQH�L�FD�GDFD�QX�]LFH�XQGH�D�DVFXQV�EDQLL�vO�vPSXVF�7UDGXFDWRUXO�WUDGXFH�VL�WLJDQXO�VSHULDW�]LFH���3H�GUXPXO�HXURSHDQ�(���OD�NP������VXE�FRSDFXO�GH�OkQJD�ERUQD�3ROLWLVWXO�vQWUHDED��(L��FH�D�]LV"/DFDWXV�UDVSXQGH��6SXQH�FD�QX�L�HVWH�IULFD�GH�PRDUWH����7LJDQXO�VH�KRWDUDVWH�VD�IXJD�SHVWH�JUDQLWD��6XUSULQV�OD�WUHFHUHD�IURQWLHUHL�GH�JUDQLFHU�VH�SUHIDFH�FD�VL�IDFH�WUHEXULOH��&H�IDFL�WX�DLFHD"�2��3DL�PD�VFX]DWL�GRPQXOH�RILWHU��PD�XVXUDP��0LQWL��vQ�VSDWHOH�WDX�H�GRDU�UDKDW�GH�FkLQH��&H�VD�L�IDFL��YLDWD�GH�FkLQH��UDKDW�GH�FkLQH����2�WLJDQFD�VH�SOkQJH�OD�GRFWRU�FD�WLJDQXO�OXL�IDFH�DQXO�VL�FRSLOXO�VL�QXPDL�SRDWH�UH]LVWD�LQ�DVD�IHO��'RFWRUXO��1LFL�R�SUREOHPD�GXWH�DFDVD�VL�FkQG�YUHD�WLJDQXO�WDX�VD�IDFHWL�XQ�FRSLO�EDJD�SLFLRDUHOH�vQWU�XQ�ERUFDQ�GH����NJ�'XSD�R�VDSWDPkQD�WLJDQFD�YLQH�LDU�OD�GRFWRU�JUDYLGD��'RFWRUXO��$L�IDFXW�FH�WL�DP�VSXV"7LJDQFD��'D��GDU�QX�DP�JDVLW�XQ�ERUFDQ�GH����NJ�VL�DP�OXDW�GRXD�GH���NJ����1RDSWHD��WLJDQX�VL�WLJDQFD��vQWU�R�OXPLQD�FKLRDUD���GRUPHDX��3H�OD����WLJDQFD�VH�WUH]HVWH�VL�vQFHSH�VD�VH�KROEH]H�SH�SHUHWH�'XSD�FkWHYD�PLQXWH�vQFHSH�VD�O�JKLRQWHDVFD�SH�WLJDQ���

Page 237: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�7LJDQH��WLJDQH����VFRDOD�ED�PDQFDW�DV����&D�YUHL�ID�FD�WH�WDL�VD�QHEXQHVF"�6FRDOD�ED�WUDLWL�DU�PD�WD��)D�WH�GLVHF��VD�IDF�SkUQDLH����6FRDOD�ED�Q�DX]L����=L�ID�FH�L"�"�%D�WLJDQH��SH�SHUHWH�DFROR�VXE�LFRDQD�H�XQ�JkQGDF"�'D�FH�DL�YUHD�ID�VD�ILH����XQ�*ULJRUHVFX"���7LJDQXO�R�VFRDWH�SH�WLJDQFD�OD�UHDWDXUDQW�OD�$WKHQHH�3DODFH��9LQH�FKHOQHUXO�VD�LD�FRPDQGD��7LJDQXO�LD�R�FLRUED��WLJDQFDFHUH�R� vQJKHWDWD��0DL� WvU]LX�� WLJDQXO�FRPDQGD�R� IULSWXUD�� WLJDQFD� vQFD�R� vQJKHWDWD��/D�GHVHUW�� WLJDQXO�R�SUDMLWXUD�� WLJDQFD��DWUHLD� vQJKHWDWD��/D�VIkUVLW��FkQG�YLQH�FKHOQHUXO� FX�QRWD�GH�SODWD�� vL� vQWUHDED�GDFD�DU�PDL� GRUL�FHYD��7LJDQFD�]LFH�FD�DU�PDLPvQFD�R�vQJKHWDWD��OD�FDUH�WLJDQXO�H[FODPD�VXSDUDW��$MXQJH�ID��/D�QRDSWH��WH�I W�VDX�PD�GDX�SH�GHUGHOXV"���7LJDQXO�R�VFRDWH�SH�WLJDQFD�OD�UHDWDXUDQW�OD�$WKHQHH�3DODFH��9LQH�FKHOQHUXO�VD�LD�FRPDQGD��7LJDQXO�FRPDQGD�WRW�IHOXO�GHPkQFDUXUL��LDU�WLJDQFD�QXPDL�IULSWXUD��GH�FkWHYD�RUL��7LJDQXO�R�vQWUHDED��'D�FH�DL�ID��GH�QX�PDQkQFL�VL�WX�R�VXSD��R�VDODWD��FHYD"�3DL��WLJDQH��Q�DP�PDL�EDJDW�FDUQH�Q�PLQH�GH�XQ�DQ��&H�VSXL�ID��SX D�PHD�H�]DU]DYDW"""���2�WLJDQFD�VH�GXFH�OD�WHDWUX��/D�vQWRDUFHUH�WLJDQXO�R�vQWUHDED��&XP�D�IRVW�ID��OD�WHDWUX"�6WDL�VD�WL�SRYHVWHVF��/D�LQWUDUH�WRDWD�OXPHD�WLQHD�EHOHWHOH�vQ�PkQD�DVD�FD�O�DP�VFRV�VL�HX��/D�XVD��XQXO�PL�D�UXSW�EHOHWXO��$PYUXW�VD�WLS��GDU�FXP�QLPHQL�QX�WLSD��Q�DP�PDL�WLSDW�QLFL�LR��$P�LQWUDW��P�DP�SXV�SH�VFDXQ�VL�GHRGDWD�V�D�VWLQV�OXPLQD��$PYUXW�VD�WLS��GDU�FXP�QLPHQL�QX�WLSD��Q�DP�PDL�WLSDW�QLFL�LR��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��DOD�GH�VWDWHD�OvQJD�PLQH��PL�D�EDJDW�PkQD�vQSL GD��$P�YUXW�VD�WLS��GDU�FXP�QLPHQL�QX�WLSD��Q�DP�PDL�WLSDW�QLFL�LR��/DVD�DVWD�ID��3LHVD��SLHVD�FXP�D�IRVW"�0XOW�PDL�PDUH�FD�D�WD����7LJDQXO�vVL�FXPSDUD�SDQWRIL�URVLL��&H�VH�JvQGHVWH�HO��FD�VD�L�REVHUYH�SLUDQGD�PDL�UHSHGH��VH�GH]EUDFD�vQ�SLHOHD�JRDOD��vVLSXQH�SDQWRILL�VL�LQWUD�vQ�EXFDWDULH��6H�IkWkLH�HO�FH�VH�IkWkLH�SULQ�EXFDWDULH��WLJDQFD�QLPLF��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��HQHUYDW��WLJDQXOIDFH��+DROLR�ID��WX�QX�YH]L�FD�PL�DP�OXDW�SDQWRIL�URVLL�"�3vQD�VL�S����VH�XLWD�OD�HL��(KHL��WLJDQH��PDL�ELQH�vWL�OXDL�SDODULH����6H�GXFH�R�WLJDQFD�OD�XQ�FRQWURO�PHGLFDO��'XSD�FH�R�FRQVXOWD�PHGLFXO�vL�VSXQH��$L�ODULQJLWD�VL�FLVWLWD�,HVH�WLJDQFD�DIDUD�VL�R�vQWUHDED�WLJDQXO�HL�FDUH�R�DVWHSWD�SH�KRO��&H�ERDOH�WL�D�JDVLW�GRFWRUX�ID"�3DL��H�ODUJLWD��GD�L�FLQVWLWD��PkQFDWLD�V�JXUD����7LJDQFD�OD�SROLFOLQLFD�VDVL�IDFD�DQDOL]HOH��6H�GXFH�OD�LQIRUPDWLL��'RPQ�GRIWRU�FDUH�IDFL�SR]L�OD�WkWH�HDLFL"�1X��D]L�QX�H�QLPHQL�DFROR����'D�GRP�GRIWRU�FDUL�JKLFHVWH�vQ�UDKDW��R�YLQLW"�1X��PkLQH����'D�GRFWRUX�FDUHVL�EDJD�GHVWHOHQ�S L��LDLFL"�,D�DVFXOWD��DVWDL�FXUDWD�QHVLPWLUH����%LQH��ELQH��FkQG�VH�vQWRUF�VD�OH�VSXL�FD�LD�FDXWDW�R�GRDPQD�&DOGDUDV���%DQFXUL�FX�XQJXUL��-DQRV�IDFHD�QD]EkWLL�SH�OkQJD�ELVHULFD�RUWRGR[D�URPkQHDVFD��3RSD�vL�]LFH��'DFD�QX�HVWL�FXPLQWH��WH�ERWH]�,RQ�VL�WH�IDF�URPkQ�ÌQWUXFkW�-DQRV�QX�V�D�SRWROLW��FKLDU�DVD�D�SURFHGDW��$MXQV�DFDVD��-DQRV�OH�VSXQH�SH�UkQG�WDWDOXL��PDPHL��VRUHL��HWF��3H�PLQH�PD�FKHDPD�,RQ�VL�VXQW�URPkQ�&HL�GH�PDL�VXV�O�DX�vQMXUDW�VL�EDWXW��5DPDV�VLQJXU��PLFXWXO�-DQRV�JkQGHVWH��'H����PLQXWH�VXQW�URPkQ�VL�XQJXULL�DVWLD�vPSXWLWL�DX�VL�vQFHSXW�VD�PD�SHUVHFXWH�

Page 238: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��,RQ�VL�-DQRV�VXQW�YHFLQL�EXQL��VH�vQWHOHJ�ELQH��SHWUHF�vPSUHXQD�GHV��ÌQWU�R�]L�,RQ�YLQH�FX�WRSRUXO�vQ�FXUWHD�OXL�-DQRV�VL�VWULJD��-DQRV��LHVL�DIDUD�VD�WL�WDL�FDSXO�-DQRV��GLQ�FDVD��6WDL�,RDQH��FH�L�EDLXO",RQ��,HVL�UHSHGH�FD�WUHEXLH�VD�WL�WDL�FDSXO�-DQRV��'D�FDUH�L�EDLXO�,RDQH��FH�WL�DP�IDFXW�HX�WLH",RQ��9RL��XQJXULL��L�DWL�WDLDW�FDSXO�OXL�0LKDL�9LWHD]XO�-DQRV��6WDL�,RDQH��DVWD�D�IRVW�DFXP�DSURDSH�����GH�DQL�,RQ��'D��GDU�HX�QXPDL�DFXP�DP�DIODW���%DGHD�*KHRUJKH�VH�SUH]LQWD�GH�GLPLQHDWD�FX�FXVWXUD�VL�QHJUX�OD�IDWD�OD�YHFLQXO�6]DER��&H�L��PD��*LXUL��GRDUD�FD�Q�DL�SDWLW�FHYD�UDX��%D��GH�SDWLW�DP�SDWLW��6]DER��FD�DP�YHQLW�VD�WH�RPRU��'H�FH��*LXUL��FH�DP�IDFXW�LR�UDX�OD�WLQH"�%D��DL�IDFXW��FD�YRL�O�DWL�RPRULW�SH�&UDLVRUXO�QRVW��6]DER�VL�HX�WUHEXLH�VD�WH�RPRU�DFXPD�SH�WLQH��%LQH��PD��*LXUL��GD�DVWD�R�IRVW�FX�R�VXWD�GH�DQL�LQ�XUPD����$SRL�GDUD��*KHRUJKH�vQFXUFDW��PLH�DVHDUD�PL�R�VSXV�WDLFD�SRSD���)XQDU�� OD� XQ� FRQWURO�PHGLFDO� GH� UXWLQD�� DIOD� FD� HVWH� EROQDY� LQFXUDELO��'RFWRUXO� vL� H[SOLFD� VLWXDWLD�� vL� VSXQH� VD�VL� DQXQWHUXGHOH��FROHJLL�HWF�ÌQ�DFHDVWD�VLWXDWLH��)XQDU�VH�GXFH�UHSHGH�OD�3ULPDULH�VD�DIOH�FDUH�HVWH�SURFHGHXO�SULQ�FDUH�VL�SRDWH�VFKLPED�QXPHOH�vQWU�XQXOXQJXUHVF�$X]LQG�DFHVWHD��VXERUGRQDWLL�vO�vQWUHDED��&XP�GRPQXOH��GXPQHDYRDVWUD�FDUH�VXQWHWL�DVD�GH�SRUQLW�SH�XQJXUL��DFXP�YUHWL�VD�YD�VFKLPEDWL�QXPHOH�FX�XQXO�XQJXUHVF")XQDU��%DL��ODVD�VD�PRDUD�XQXO�GH�DO�ORU��GH�FH�VD�PRDUD�XQXO�GH�DO�QRVWUX�"���/D�VHGLQWD�&RQVLOLXOXL�/RFDO�&OXM��XQ�FRQVLOLHU�SURSXQH��(X�]LF�VD�PDL�IDFHP�R�VWDWXLH�vQ�RUDVXO�QRVWUX�,PHGLDW�YLQ�LGHLOH��6D�ILH�R�VWDWXLH�FX�WDUDQXO�URPDQ��6D�ILH�WDUDQXO�vPEUDFDW�vQ�FRVWXP�QDWLRQDO��ÌQ�PDQD�GUHDSWD�VD�DLED�R�IXUFD��VD�VH�OXSWH�FX�XQJXULL��ÌQ�PDQD�VWDQJD�VD�DLED�XQ�VWUHDQJ��VD�VWLH�XQJXULL�FH�L�DVWHDSWD��6L�LQ�VWUHDQJ�VD�DWDUQH�XQ�XQJXU��VD�ILH�PHVDMXO�FODU�'XSD�R�FOLSD�GH�WDFHUH�YRUEHVWH�)XQDU��%LQH��GDU�VD�VFKLPEDP�XQJXUXO�vQ�ILHFDUH�]L���3ULPDULD�GH�OD�&OXM�KRWDUDVWH�VD�FRQVWUXLDVFD�R�VWDWXLH�FX�,DQFX��GHILQLWLYD��FDUH�VD�VSXQD�OXFUXULORU�SH�QXPH���8Q�FRQVLOLHU���(X�VXQW�GH�SDUHUH�VD�O�IDFHP�FX�PkQD�vQGUHSWDWD�VSUH�8QJDULD��VD�YDGD�XQJXULL�FD�DYHP�ERDOD�SH�HL���$OWXO���$V�]LFH�VD�L�SXQHP�VL�XQ�SLVWRO�vQ�PkQD��VD�ILH�WUHDED�PDL�H[SOLFLWD���$OWXO���ÌQ�PkQD�DLODOWD�VD�L�SXQHP�XQ�VWUHDQJ��VD�YDGD�FHL�FH�YRU�VD�IXUH�SDPkQWXO�WDULL�FH�L�DVWHDSWD���$OWXO���$WXQFL�VD�L�IDFHP�VL�XQ�XQJXU�vQ�VWUHDQJ��DVD�SHQWUX�FRQIRUPLWDWH���/D�ID]D�DVWD�VH�WUH]HVWH�VL�)XQDU����&RQVLOLHULL�vQOHPQHVF���$SDL�LR�]LF�VD�VFKLPEDP�vQ�ILHFDUH�GLPLQHDWD�XQJXUX�����)XQDU� VH� vQWRUFHD� OD�&OXM� FX�PDVLQD� GH� OD� R� FRQIHULQWD� GLQ�%XFXUHVWL�� )LLQG� RERVLW� DGRDUPH�SH� EDQFKHWD� GLQ� VSDWH�� /DLHVLUHD�GLQ�%XFXUHVWL�VLPWH�R�]GUXQFLQDWXUD��VH�WUH]HVWH�EXLPDF�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�VRIHUXO�VDX��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�$P�FDOFDW�R�JDLQD�GRP�SULPDU��VSXQH�VRIHUXO�)XQDU�UDVSXQGH���1X�L�EDL��GDL�vQDLQWH�3H�GUXP�DMXQJkQG�SH�OD�%UDVRY�VLPWH�R�DOWD�]GUXQFLQDWXUD�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�GLQ�QRX�SH�VRIHU��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�$P�FDOFDW�XQ�SRUF�GRP�SULPDU��VSXQH�VRIHUXO�)XQDU�EXLPDF�GH�VRPQ�vL�VSXQH���1X�L�EDL��GDL�vQDLQWH�/kQJD�7kUJX�0XUHV�R�DOWD�]GUXQFLQDWXUD��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�vQWUHDED�)XQDU��$P�FDOFDW�XQ�XQJXU�GRP�SULPDU��VSXQH�VRIHUXO�)XQDU�vQYLRUDW�UDVSXQGH�

Page 239: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��1X�L�EDL��GDL�vQDLQWH��GDL�vQDSRL��GDL�vQDLQWH��GDL�vQDSRL��GDL�vQDLQWH��GDL�vQDSRL���6WLWL�FD�)XQDU�DUH�VkQJH�GH�XQJXU"3H�EDUD�GLQ�IDWD�GH�OD�PDVLQD�����)XQDU��&XP�WH�FKHDPD��ILX�GH�GDF"$UGHOHDQXO��,DQRV��0DULD�7D����%XOD�YLQH�DFDVD�VL�vVL�DQXQWD�WDWDO�FD�VH�vQVRDUD�7DWDO��)RDUWH�ELQH�%XOD��PD�EXFXU�SHQWUX�WLQH��&X�FLQH�WH�vQVRUL"%XOD��&X�-DQRV�7DWDO��%XOD��DVWD�QX�VH�SRDWH�%XOD��7DWD��QH�LXELP�VL�QH�OXDP�7DWDO��%XOD��QX�VH�SRDWH�%XOD��2ULFH�DL�]LFH�WX��QRL�WRW�QH�OXDP�7DWDO��%XOD��WL�DP�VSXV�FD�QX�VH�SRDWH�%XOD��'D�GH�FH"7DWDO��3DL�GH�DLD��FD�-DQRV�H�XQJXU����(U]VL�HUD� VHUYLWRDUH� OD�GRPQL� vQ�&OXM�� ÌQ� ILHFDUH� MRL�DYHD� OLEHU� VL� VH� vQWRUFHD�DFDVD� VHDUD� IRDUWH�ELQH�GLVSXVD�� ÌQWU�R� MRLVHDUD�GRPQXO�R�vQWUHDED��(U]VL��FH�IDFL�WX�MRLD�GH�YLL�DVD�YHVHOD�DFDVD"(U]VL��2��GRPQX��QRL�MRL�vQWkOQHDP�FX�,OGLNR�VL�FX�)HUL�VL�3LVWD�VL�PHUJHP�SH�)HOHDF�VL�MXFDP�GH�D�JKLFLWXO�'RPQXO��&XP�H�MRFXO�DVWD��(U]VL"(U]VL��0HUJHP�OD�FDSLWD��QRL�IHWHOH�SXQHP�FDSXO�vQ�FDSLWD�VL�EDLHWLL�YLQ�SH�OD�VSDWH�VL�I H�OD�QRL��LDU�QRL�WUHEXLH�JKLFLW�FLQHIRVW�&kWHRGDWD�YLQH�PDL�PXOWL�WLQHUL�VL�QRL�QX�SXWHP�JKLFL�VL�DWXQFL�UkGHP�VL�UkGHP��HL�I H�SkQD�JKLFLP�FLQH�IRVW�'RPQXO��0DL�(U]VL��H�WDUH�LQWHUHVDQW�MRFXO�DVWD��DV�YHQL�VL�HX�(U]VL��9HQLWL�GRPQX��FD�MRLD�WUHFXWD�IRVW�VL�GRDPQD�VL�QX�JKLFLW�GH���RUL����8Q�FLREDQ�DUGHOHDQ�VWDWHD�SH�LDUED��vQ�DSURSLHUHD�XQHL�IkQWkQL��8Q�RP�VH�GXFH�OD�IkQWkQD�FX�LQWHQWLD�GH�D�EHD��1X�EHD��RPXOH��H�RWUDYLWD���1HP�WR�GRP��$SRL�EHD��GDU�LQFHW��FD�L�UHFH����ÌQWU�XQ�ODF�VH�]EDW�GRL�RDPHQL��XQXO�QHJUX�VL�FHODODW�DOE��3H�FDUH�vO�VDOYH]L�PDL�vQWkL"�5DVSXQV�FRUHFW��3H�FHO�QHJUX��FD�DOD�DOE�SRDWH�VD�ILH�XQJXU����'RL�URPkQL�VL�XQ�XQJXU�FDG�GH�SH�XQ�YDV�vQ�PDUH���9LQ�UHFKLQLL��VL�vL�PDQkQFD�SH�URPkQL��GDU�GH�XQJXU�QX�VH�DWLQJ��'H�FH�QX�O�PkQFDP�VL�S�DVWD�"�vQWUHDED�SXLXO�GH�UHFKLQ��6DSWDPkQD�WUHFXWD�DP�PkQFDW�XQXO��VL�QH�XVWXUD�FXUX�VL�DFXP����%XOD�FX�WD�VX�GHVSUH�UDVLVP��8LWH�%XOD�GH�H[HPSOX�WX�WH�XUFL�vQWU�XQ�SRP�VL�XQ�QHJUX�YLQH�GXSD�WLQH����'D�7X�WH�XUFL�vQ�YkUI�VL�QHJUX�GXSD�WLQH����'D�6L�L�IDFL�YkQW�I WX�L�PDPD�OXL�GH�XQJXU������-DQRV�XQJXUXO�VL�,RQ�GLQ�7UDQVLOYDQLD�VWDX�GH�YRUED��-DQRV�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�,RQ��=L�PD�,RDQH�FD�WX�HVWL�RP�FX�FDUWH��FH�L�DLD��$SHUWKHLG���3DL�PD�-DQRV�SURVW�PDL�HVWL��WRDWD�OXPHD�VWLH�FD�vQVHDPQD�XUD�GH�UDVD��'D�XUD�GH�UDVD�FH�L�PD�,RDQH"�0D�GD�WDUH�vQFXLDW�PDL�HVWL��+DL�V�R�OXDP�EDEHVWH��VD�WL�H[SOLF�FD�OD�VFRDOD��'H�H[HPSOX�HX�VLQW�DOE�VL�WX�HVWL�QLJJHU���VL�PLHX�vPL�EDJ�SLFLRUHOH�vQ�JXUD�WD�GH�XQJXU�vPSXWLW�FH�HVWL�WX����-DQRV�VSXQH�FD�7UDQVLOYDQLD�H�D�XQJXULORU��,RQ�vO�vQWUHDED���&XP�FkQWD�JUHLHULL�vQ�7UDQVLOYDQLD�PDL�-DQRV"�75,�75,�75,�3DL�YH]L�PDL�-DQRV��FkQG�YRU�FkQWD�+$580�+$580�+$580�DWXQFL�YRP�VWD�GH�YRUED�vQ�FKHVWLXQHD�7UDQVLOYDQLHL����/HJHQGD�VSXQH�FD�SULPXO�RP�FDUH�D�DSDUXW�vQ�7UDQVLOYDQLD�D�IRVW�XQ�����XQJXU��6L�GXSD�FH�D�GHVFDOHFDW�GH�SH�FDO��VD�EHDDSD��FkQG�V�D�vQWRUV�QX�D�PDL�JDVLW�FDOXO��FL�QXPDL�XQ�ELOHWHO��SH�FDUH�VFULD�

Page 240: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�08/7$0�)$,1����&LFD�SRUQHVWH�UD]ERLXO� vQWUH�URPkQL�VL�XQJXUL��8QJXULL�GHMD� LQYDGDVHUD�SDUWHD�GH�QRUG�HVW�D�5RPkQLHL��6H�GXFHDX� OXSWHGLVSHUDWH��vQVD�IDUD�VD�DYDQVH]H�QLFL�XQD�GLQWUH�DUPDWH��$WXQFL��XQXO�GLQWUH�JHQHUDOL�URPkQL�DUH�R�LGHH��&kQG�VH�DSURSLDX�GHWUDQVHHOH�XQJXULORU��ILHFDUH�VROGDW�URPkQ�VSXQHD��+HL��-DQRV����$WXQFL�XQJXUXO�VH�ULGLFD�vQ�SLFLRDUH��VSXQHD�UDVSLFDW��'D����VL�URPkQXO�QRVWUX�vL�WUDJHD�FkWHYD�JORDQWH��6L�WUHL�]LOH�WRW�DVD�RWLQXUD��SkQD�VH�SULQVHUD�XQJXULL�GH�VPHFKHULH�8Q�JHQHUDO�XQJXU�DSOLFD�VL�HO�PHWRGD�VWULJkQG�GH�GXSD�WUDQVHH��+HL��,RDQH���'LQ�SDUWHD�RSXVD��GLQ�WUDQVHH�UDVSXQGH�URPkQXO��,RQ�QX�H�DLFL����'DU�FLQH�vO�FDXWD��HVWL�WX��-DQRV"/D�FDUH�JHQHUDOXO�VH�ULGLFD�vQ�SLFLRDUH�VL�VSXQH��'D����ÌQ�8QJDULD��GLQ�FDX]D�QXPDUXOXL�IRDUWH�PDUH�GH�SHQVLRQDUL��JXYHUQXO�D�KRWDUkW�VD�YLQD�vQ�vQWkPSLQDUHD�DFHVWRUD�VL�SHQWUXD�L�DMXWD�D�SURPXOJDW�R�OHJH�FDUH�SUHFL]D�3FW����ÌQFHSkQG�FX���LDQXDULH������WRWL�SHQVLRQDULL�DX�YRLH�VD�WUDYHUVH]H�VWUDGD�SH�FXORDUHD�URVLH�D�VHPDIRUXOXL�3FW����'DFD�SkQD�OD���LDQXDULH������QX�VH�REVHUYD�QLFL�R�PRGLILFDUH�KRWDUkUHD�GH�OD�SXQFWXO���GHYLQH�REOLJDWRULH����6HDUD��LQ�&OXM��-DQRV�VL�3LVWD�LHV�GH�OD�FLUFLXPD��VH�DSURSULH�XQ�GRPQ�LQ�IXJD��9D�URJ�VSXQHWL�PL�XQGH�H�JDUD�-DQRV��1RL�QX�VWLH�'RPQXO�R�LD�OD�IXJD�SH�VWUDGD��GH]RULHQWDW�3LVWD��0DL�-DQRV��GH�FH�QX�VSXV�OD�HO�XQGH�JDUD"�3LHUGH�RPX�WUHQXO�-DQRV��/DVD�GUDFXOXL�SH�HO��VSXQH�FD�DLFL�GH������GH�DQL�VL�QX�VWLH�XQGH�JDUD���������&HDR�vQ�YL]LWD�vQ�MXGHWXO�+DUJKLWD��8Q�SLRQLHU�YRLRV�RIHUD�IORULOH�FHUHPRQLDOH�ODVkQGX�VH�vPEUDWLVDW��&XP�WH�FKHDPD��SXL�GH�GDF"�,VWYDQ�$WWLOD��WRYDUDVH�1LFRODH�&HDXVHVFX����'RL�VHFXL�LQ�WUHQ�8QXO�SURSXQH�FHOXLODOW�VD�LQWUH�LQ�ILHFDUH�FRPSDUWLPHQW�VD�YDGD�FLQH�QX�VWLH�XQJXUHVWH��VD�O�WDLH�FX�EULFHDJXO�,QWUD�LQ�SULPXO�FRPSDUWLPHQW��SDVDJHUL�MRDFD�FDUWL��&H�MXFDWL�DLFL�LQWUDED�XQXO�GLQWUH�VHFXL�"�6HSWLFD�DPHULFDQD�DGLFD�$PHULNDL�KHWHVW�UDVSXQGH�XQ�FDODWRU��$FHVWLD� VWLX� XQJXUHVWH� ]LFH� VHFXLXO� FDWUH� FROHJXO� VDX�� KDL� VD� PHUJHP� PDL� GHSDUWH�� ,QWUD� LQ� DO� GRLOH� FRPSDUWLPHQW� XQGHFDODWRULWRW�MRDFD�FDUWL��&H�MXFDWL�DLFL�"�6DL]HFL�VL�VDVH��DGLFD�+DWYDQKDW��6L�DFHVWLD�VWLX�XQJXUHVWH��KDL�VD�PHUJHP�PDL�GHSDUWH�/D�IHO�VL�LQ�FRPSDUWLPHQWXO�XUPDWRU��&H�MXFDWL�DLFL�"�3RSD�SURVWXO�DGLFD�7RNHV�/DV]OR����ÌQ�SUREOHPD�FDUH�D�IRVW�SULPLL�vQ�$UGHDO�OHJHQGD�VSXQH�FD�DWXQFL�FkQG�D�YHQLW�$WWLOD�FX�YRLQLFLL�OXL�DX�SRSRVLW�SH�PDOXO0XUHVXOXL�9D]kQG�HL�DSD�DVD�GH�OLPSHGH�VL�FODUD�DX�GHVFDOHFDW��V�DX�GH]EUDFDW�GH�EODQXUL�VL�V�DX�vPEDLDW�FX�WRWLL��&kQG�DX�LHVLW�GLQ�DSDQX�WX�FDL�QX�WX�EODQXUL�(L����FDUH�DX�IRVW�DWXQFL�SULPLL�vQ�$UGHDO"���9DULDQWD��%XQLFXOH�7LEHULX��FDUH�DX�IRVW�SULPLL�SH�SDPkQWXO�SDWULHL�QRDVWUH��vQWUHED�vQWU�R�]L�QHSRWXO��(KHL��QHSRDWH��H�R�SRYHVWH�WDUH�OXQJD�(UD�RGDWD�GH�PXOW��R�FHDWD�GH�FDYDOHUL��IDOQLFL�VL�VSDWRVL�VL�vQ�IUXQWHD�ORU�XQX�PDL�IDOQLF�VL�PDL�VSDWRV�GHFkW�WRWL�FHLODOWL�OD�XQORF���$WWLOD�L�]LFHD�6�RU�PHUV� HL� FDODUL�� V�RU�PHUV�� SkQD� RU� GDW� GH� DSHOH� XQXL� UkX�PDUH� VL� vQYROEXUDW� ��0XUHV� VH� FKHPD�� 6�DWkW� GH� RERVLWL� VHVLPWHDX�F�RU�]LV�FD�L�PXVDL�VD�VDGD�R�WkUD�VL�VD�IDFD�R�EDLH�2U�GHVFDOLFDW��V�RU�GH]EUDFDW��V�RU�ODVDW�KDLQHOH�OkQJD�FDL�V�RU�LQWUDW�vQ�DSD��2U�vQRWDW�vQ�VXVXO�UkXOXL��RU�vQRWDW�vQ�MRVXO�OXL��RUvQRWDW�SH� IDWD��RU� vQRWDW�SH�VSDWH�VL�FkQG�RU� LHVLW����S D�FDL�VL�S D�KDLQH�FD� URPkQLL�DX� IRVW�SULPLL�SH�SDPkQWXULOH�SDWULHLDVWHLD�

Page 241: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���,RQ�DGXV�vQ�IDWD�LQVWDQWHL�VXE�DFX]DWLD�GH�D�O�IL�RPRULW�FX�ORYLWXUL�UHSHWDWH�GH�FXWLW�SH�,RVFD��,D�VSXQH�,RDQH�FXP�O�DL�RPRULW�WX�FX�ORYLWXUL�UHSHWDWH�GH�FXWLW�SH�,RVFD"�3DL�VWDWL�SXWLQ�GRPOH�MXGHFDWRU�FR�Q�R�IR�FKLDU�DVD�FXP�VSXQHWL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��'D�FXP"�3DL�XLWH�FXP��'HXQD]L�VWDWHDP�vQ�IDWD�FDVHL�SH�SULVSD�VL�vQ�PkQD�VWkQJD�DYHDP�R�QXLD�VL�vQ�PkQD�GUHDSWD�DYHDP�R�EULVFD�VLQL�DVH�DVFXWDP�QXLDXD�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�PL�V�R�IDFXW�SRIWD�GH�R�EDQDQD�$P�SXV�QXLDXD�MRV��DP�SXV�EULVFD�MRV��DP�VFRV�GLQ�VHUSDU�R�EDQDQD��DP�FRMLW�R�QL�DVH��DP�PkQFDW�R��DP�DUXQFDW�FRDMD�SH�MRV�DP�OXDW�LDUD�QXLDXD�vQ�PkQD�VWLQJD��EULVFD�vQ�PkQD�GUHDSWD�VL�QL�DVH�DVFXWDP�QXLDXD�(�VL�WDPDQ�DWXQFL��I WD�O�VRDUHOH�VD�O�I WD��R�WUHFXW�,RVFD�SH�DFROR��R�FDOFDW�SH�FRDMD�GH�EDQDQD�VL�R�SLFDW�vQ�EULVFD�PH�6L"�1R�VL�WRW�DVH�GH�YUHR�]HFH�FLQVSH�RUL�������Ì�'H�FH�XQJXURDLFHOH�VLQW�FRQVLGHUDWH�D�IL�SULQWUH�FHOH�PDL�EXQH�IHPHL�"5�3HQWUX�FD�VLQW�8'(0(5(8���=LFH�FD�GRL�UHSUH]HQWDQWL�SDUODPHQWDUL�GLQ�MXG��&RYDVQD��6]DER�EDFVL�VL�3LVWD�EDFVL�VH�GXVDUD�OD�VHGLQWD�OD�SDUODPHQW�ÌQ�GUXP�VSUH�%XFXUHVWL��vQ�WUHQ�]LFH�3LVWD�EDFVL�FDWUH�6]DER�EDFVL��1RL�QX�YRUEHVWH�ELQH�URPDQHVWH��GH�DLD�QRL�QX�YRUEHVWH�PXOW��FL�VFXUW�VL�FXSULQ]DWRU�/D�VHGLQWD�LD�SULPXO�FXYLQWXO�6]DER�EDFVL��1RL��OD�MXGHWXO�&RYDVQD��DP�IDFXW�SODQXO�OD�FHDSD��GDU�LHX�vQWUHE��XQGH�HVWH�FHDSD�"/D�QRL��OD�MXG��&RYDVQD�DP�IDFXW�SODQXO�VL�OD�FDUWRI��GDU�LHX�vQWUHE��XQGH�HVWH�FDUWRI�"�(X��6]DER�EDFVL��DWkW�DP�DYXW�GH�VSXV�$�GRXD�]L�LD�FXYLQWXO�3LVWD�EDFVL��(X��3LVWD�EDFVL�QXPD�YUHX�VD�vQWUHE��XQGH�L�6]DER�EDFVL"���Ì�6WLWL�FLQH�D�FRPSXV��2�EUDG�IUXPRV�"5�8Q�XQJXU��FD�GDFD�HUD�URPkQ�VSXQHD��8Q�EUDG�IUXPRV�������8Q�XQJXU�FD]XVH�GH�SH�PXQWH�VL�vQ�FDGHUHD�OXL��VH�SULQVH�GH�R�UDGDFLQD�GH�FRSDF��FDUH�LHVHD�GLQ�PXQWH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDWL�VH�SDUX�FD�YHGH�XQ�vQJHU��DSRL�vVL�GDGX�VHDPD�FD�FKLDU�DVD�HUD��XQ�vQJHU�VH�DSURSLH�GH�HO�VL�vL�VSXVH��8LWH�PDL�XQJXUXOH��DL�GRXD�YDULDQWH��RUL�DL�FUHGLQWD�vQ�PLQH�VL�VDUL�OD�PLQH�vQ�EUDWH�VL�HX�WH�YRL�GXFH�VXV��vQDSRL�SH�PXQWH��RULVWDL�DLFL�SkQD�FkQG�QX�YHL�PDL�SXWHD�VL�YHL�FDGHD�2PX�VH�YD]X� vQ�VLWXDWLD�GH�D�QX�DYHD�FH�DOHJH�VL�VDUL� vQ�EUDWH�OD� vQJHU�� ÌQJHUXO� vO�SULQVH�VL� vL�GDGX�GUXPXO��/D�FDUH�6IkQWX3HWUX��0DL�)XQDU�QLFL�DLFL�QX�WH�ODVL�GH�JOXPH"���Ì�&kQG�D�IRVW�LQYHQWDW�DSHUKHLG�XO"5�&kQG�DOELL�L�DX�EDQXLW�SH�QHJUL�FD�DU�IL�XQJXUL����$QX������L�H�Q�2�WDEOD�vQ�PLMORFX�FkPSLHL�3DQQRQLFH���)LQODQGD������NP�VSUH�QRUG��&LQH�R�VWLXW�FLWL�V�R�GXV����3LVWL�VL�*KHRUJKH�HUDX�YHFLQL��DYHDX�ILHFDUH�FDVD�ORU��FX�JUDGLQD��VL�DVD�PDL�GHSDUWH��*KHRUJKH�DYHD�R�JDLQD�FDUH�vQ�ILHFDUH]L�IDFHD�XQ�RX��6L�vQ�ILHFDUH�]L�*KHRUJKH�OXD�RXO�VL�vO�PkQFD���VDX�vO�WLQHD�GHRSDUWH�VL�O�YLQGHD�DSRL�OD�SLDWD��ÌQWU�R�]L�JDLQDWUHFX�GLQ�JUDGLQD� OX�*KHRUJKH� vQ� JUDGLQD� OX�3LVWL� VL� IDFX� DFROR�RXO�� 3LVWL�FkQG�YD]X� DVD� FHYD�� VH� GXVH� UHSHGH� VL� OXD�RXO�SUHJDWLQGX�VH�VD�O�PDQkQFH��*KHRUJH�vO�YHGH�VL�L�VSXQH��1R�PD�3LVWL�PD��FH�ID�WX�FX�RXO�PHX"3LVWL�FLFD�QX��FD�RXO�H�DO�OXL��FD�O�D�IDFXW�JDLQD�vQ�JUDGLQD�OXL��6L�WRW�DVD�VH�FHUWDX�HL�SkQD�vL�YLQH�OX�*KHRUJKH�R�LGHH��0D�3LVWL��]LFH�*KHRUJKH��KDL�PD�VD�IDFHP�XQ�FRQFXUV��QH�GDP�VXWXUL� vQ�FR LH�FkW�SXWHP�GH� WDUH�� VL�FLQH�UH]LVWD�PDL�PXOWSDVWUHD]D�VL�PDQkQFD�RXO��,JKHQ��]LFH�3LVWL��'D�PD�ODVL�SH�PLQH�VD�GDX�SULPX��]LFH�*KHRUJKH�6L�VH�SUHJDWHVWH�*KHRUJKH�DO�QRVWUX�� vVL� LD�FL]PHOH�OXL�GH�LDUQD��DOHD�JUHOH��VL�L�DUGH� OX�3LVWL�XQD�QWUH�FR LH�GH�QX�VH�YHGH�$VWD�FDGH�SH�MRV��VH�]YkUFROHVWH��XUOD��VL�GXSD�YUHR�WUHL�RUH�vVL�UHYLQ�VL�EXFXURV�VH�SUHJDWHVWH�VL�HO��vVL�LD�FL]PHOH�OXL��VH�GXFH�OD*KHRUJKH�VL�L�]LFH��1R�DFXP�HVWHP�UkQGXO�OD�WLQH�VD�VWHD�VD�L�GHX�FX�SLFLRUX�Q�FRLH�/D�FDUH�*KHRUJH��1X�PD�3LVWL��PD��WLQH�WX�RXO��PLH�QX�PL�PDL�WUHEH�������3RUQLWL� vPSUHXQD� OD� YkQDWRDUH�� *KHRUJKH� )XQDU� VL� /DV]OR� 7RNHV� KRWDUDVF�� OD� XQ� PRPHQW�GDW�� VD� LD� R� SDX]D� GH� PDVD�3ULPDUXO�&OXMXOXL�� VLQJXUXO� FDUH� DYHD�PHULQGH� vQ� WUDLVWD�� vVL� vPELH� SDUWHQHUXO� GH� YkQDWRDUH� FX� SkLQH� VL� VODQLQD�� PkQFDUHDWUDGLWLRQDOD�D�DUGHOHDQXOXL��DGUHVkQGX�L�VH�FX�R�YRFH�PLHURDVD�

Page 242: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�9UHL�R�PXVFDWXUD"6L�IDUD�D�PDL�DVWHSWD�UDVSXQV�GLQ�SDUWHD�DFHVWXLD��VWULJD�UDVSLFDW�FDWUH�JRQDFLXO�VDX��6R�SH�HO��*ULYHL����%DQFXUL�FX�SHUVRQDOLWDWL%DQFXUL�FX�%LOO�&OLQWRQ��Ì�&XP�D�IRVW�GHVFRSHULWD�9LDJUD"5�$�IRVW�GHVFLIUDW�FRGXO�JHQHWLF�DO�OXL�%LOO�&OLQWRQ���Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�0RQLFD�/HZLQVNL�VL�UHVWXO�DPHULFDQLORU"5�$PHULFDQLL�GDFD�YUHDX�R�S D�OD�&DVD�$OED�WUHEXLH�VD�YRWH]H�����Ì�'H�FH�DUH�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�R�FRQVWLLQWD�FXUDWD"5�1X�VL�D�IRORVLW�R�QLFLRGDWD�����Ì�&H�DX�vQ�FRPXQ�0RQLFD�/HZLQVNL�VL�XQ�DXWRPDW�GH�ELOHWH�GH�PHWURX"5�$PkQGRXD�DX�R�GHVFKL]DWXUD�SH�FDUH�VFULH���3XW�%LOO�LQ�KHUH������Ì�&XP�V�DX�vQWkOQLW�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�FX�+LOODU\"5�ÌD�OLFHX��DX�DYXW�R�vQWkOQLUH�FX�DFHHDVL�WLSD�����Ì�'H�FH�SRDUWD�&OLQWRQ�FKLORWL"5�&D�VD�VL�vQFDO]HDVFD�JOH]QHOH���Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�PDL�QRX��%LURXO�RYDO�"5��%LURXO�RUDO����Ì�'H�FH�DUH�0RQLFD�/HZLQVNL�EXFLOH�DVD�GH�XPIDODWH"5�3HQWUX�FD�PDL�SDVWUHD]D�GRYH]LOH�����Ì�&X�VH�FKHDPD�IDSWXO�FD�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�vVL�XLWD�VOLWXO�GHVFKLV"5�86�2SHQ������Ì�'XSD�FH�VH�UHFXQRDVWH�IDSWXO�FD�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�PLQWH"'XSD�IDSWXO�FD�vVL�PLVFD�EX]HOH������Ì�'H�FH�0RQLFD�/HZLQVNL�VFKLPED�SDUWLGXO�GLQ�FDUH�IDFH�SDUWH"5�6�D�GHFLV�SHQWUX�UHSXEOLFDQL�SHQWUX�FD�GHPRFUDWLL�L�DX�ODVDW�XQ�JXVW�DPDU��vQ�JXUD����Ì�&XP�VH�GHILQHVWH�vQ�&DVD�$OED�FXYkQWXO��IHFLRDUD�"5�2�IHPHLH�FDUH�DOHDUJD�PDL�UHSHGH�GHFkW�SUHVHGLQWHOH������Ì�'H�FH�VL�D�UHWUDV�3DXOD�-RQHV�DFX]DWLD�vPSRWULYD�OXL�%LOO�&OLQWRQ"5�3HQWUX�FD�VL�D�GDW�VHDPD�FkW�GH�LPSODX]LELO�HVWH�FD�XQ�EDUEDW�FX�SHQLVXO�GH����FP�VD�SUDFWLFH��VH[XO�RUDO�FX�R�IHPHLH�FXQDVXO�GH����FP������Ì�'H�FH�QX�PDL�H[LVWD�QLFL�R�XUPD�vQ�FD]XO�&OLQWRQ"5�0RQLFD�OH�D�vQJKLW�SH�WRDWH������Ì�'H�FH�ILLFD�SUHVHGLQWHOXL�&OLQWRQ��&KHOVHD��QX�PDL�DUH�IUDWL�VDX�VXURUL"5�0RQLFD�/HZLQVN\�L�D�vQJKLWLW�SH�WRWL������Ì�&DUH�H�FHD�PDL�EXQD�QRWD�SH�FDUH�R�SUDFWLFDQWD�R�SRDWH�SULPL�OD�&DVD�$OED"5�6DWLVIDFDWRU������Ì�&H�D�VSXV�+LOODU\�&OLQWRQ�VRWXOXL�HL�GXSD�FH�3DXOD�-RQHV�VL�D�IDFXW�SXEOLFD�SRYHVWHD"5�,GLRWXOH�WL�DP�VSXL�VD�O�ODVL�SH�7HG�.HQQHG\�VD�R�FRQGXFD�DFDVD�

Page 243: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���0RQLFD�/HZLQVNL�OD�XQ�FRQFXUV�WHOHYL]DW�GH�vQWUHEDUL�VL�UDVSXQVXUL��0RQLFD��FH�HVWH��HMDFXODWXO�"�2�FOLSD��vPL�VWD�SH�OLPED������([LVW�WUHL�WLSXUL�GH�9LDJUD��3DVWLOH�XVRDUH�3DVWLOH�WDUL�%LOO�&OLQWRQ���&D�VL�UDVSXQV�OD�(XUR��¼��D�IRVW�HPLVD�VL�vQ�$PHULFD�R�QRXD�PRQHGD���&OLQWRQ� �����9LDJUD������&OLQWRQ�GD�XQ�LQWHUYLX�UHYLVWHL�7LPHV�7LPHV����0RQLFD�VSXQH�FD�DL�XQ�SHQLV�PLF��&OLQWRQ����0RQLFD�HVWH�JXUD�VSDUWD����Ì�&H�vL�]LFH�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�OXL�+LOODU\�FvQG�DUH�FKHI�GH�VH["5�'UDJD��vQWU�R�RUD�VvQW�vQDSRL����Ì�'H�FH�VL�D�YvQGXW�.HQHWK�6WDUU�FDGD�GH�EDLH"5�3HQWUX�FD�vL�SOFH�VD�VH�vPEDLH]H�vQ�YLDWD�SHUVRQDOD�D�OXL�%LOO����5HIOHFWLL�GLQ�5DSRUWXO�6WDUU��XQ�SLF�GH�RUDO�H�WRWXVL�OHJDO����Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�SHULD�GH�GLQWL�D�OXL�&OLQWRQ"5�2UDO�%����Ì�'H�FH�VH�VFRDOD�+LOODU\�&OLQWRQ�OD�RUD���GLPLQHDWD"5�&D�VD�ILH�VL�HD�SULPD�GRDPQD�D�$PHULFLL��VD�QX�L�R�LD�0RQLFD�vQDLQWH����Ì�&DUH�H�VXQHWXO�VRQHULHL�0RQLFDL�/HYLQVNL"5�&OLQ�7RQ������Ì�&DUH�H�WLWOXO�QRLL�FDUWL�D�OXL�-RKQ�*ULVKDP"5��7RDWD�VDPkQWD�SUHVHGLQWHOXL�������Ì�&H�D�FXPSDUDW�0RQLFD�/HZLQVN\�GH�OD�PDJD]LQXO�&DVHL�$OEH"5�*HQXQFKLHUH������Ì�6WLWL�FDUH�VXQW�XOWLPHOH�FXYLQWH�DOH�0RQLFD�/HZLQVNL"5�$P�VXSW�R�SUHVHGLQWHOXL�VL�P�DP�DOHV�QXPDL�FX�URFKLD�DVWD�XGD�������Ì�&XP�GHILQHVWH�&OLQWRQ��VDIH�VH[��XO"5��&kQG�+LOODU\�H�SOHFDWD�GLQ�RUDV�����Ì�'H�FH�QX�H[LVWD�VHPQH�GH�FDUWH�OD�&DVD�$OED"5�3HQWUX�FD�VHPQH�VXQW�SH�WRDWH�SDJLQLOH�FDUWLORU������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�VL�XQ�JLJROR"5�8Q�JLJROR�VHUYHVWH�R�VLQJXUD�SHUVRDQD�GHRGDWD�������Ì�&H�D�VFULV�0RQLFD�/HZLQVN\�SH�GHPLVLD�HL"5�6XQW�VDWXOD�GH�HFKLSD�SUH]LGHQWLDOD�������)UXPRDVD�GLQ�3DGXUHD�$GRUPLWD��7RP�'HJHWHO��VL�'RQ�-XDQ�GLVFXWD��(X�VXQW�FHD�PDL�IUXPRDVD�GLQ�OXPH��VSXQH�)UXPRDVD�GLQ�3DGXUHD�$GRUPLWD��1X�QX�HVWL��UDVSXQG�FHLODOWL�GRL��(X�VXQW�FHD�PDL�PLFD�SHUVRDQD�GLQ�OXPH��VSXQH�7RP�'HJHWHO��1X�QX�HVWL��UDVSXQG�FHLODOWL�GRL��(X�DP�FHOH�PDL�PXOWH�DPDQWH�GLQ�OXPH��VSXQH�'RQ�-XDQ��1X�QX�DL��UDVSXQG�FHLODOWL�GRL�(L�VH�GHFLG�HL�VD�PHDUJD�OD�9UDMLWRUXO�GLQ�2]�FD�VD�vL�ODPXUHDVFD�FLQH��FDUH�VL�FH�9UDMLWRUXO�GLQ�2]�vL�SULPHVWH�SH�UkQG�

Page 244: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

)UXPRDVD�GLQ�3DGXUHD�$GRUPLWD�LHVH�vQWU�XQ�PLQXW�VL�VSXQH��(X�VXQW�FHD�PDL�IUXPRDVD�SHUVRDQD�GLQ�OXPH�,QWUD�7RP�'HJHWHO��LHVH�VL�HO�vQWU�XQ�PLQXW�VL�VSXQH�(X�VXQW�FHO�PDL�PLF�GLQ�OXPH�'RQ�-XDQ�LQWUD��VWD�R�RUD�MXPDWH�VL�FkQG�LHVH�VSXQH��&LQH���S D�PDVLL�H�%LOO�&OLQWRQ��DVWD����/D�R�vQWkOQLUH�OD�QLYHO�vQDOW�SUHVHGLQWLL�%RULV�,HOWLQ��,RQ�,OLHVFX�VL�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�vVL�VSXQ�RIXO��-HOWLQ��(X�DP����ERG\JXDU]L�VL�XQXO�GLQWUH�HL�YUHD�VD�PD�RPRDUH��SUREOHPD�H�FD�QX�VWLX�FDUH���,OLHVFX��$P����PLQLVWULL��XQXO�GLQWUH�HL�FLFD�DU�IL�EXQ��3UREOHPD�H�FD�QX�VWLX�FDUH���&OLQWRQ��$P����SUDFWLFDQWH��XQD�GLQWUH�HOH�FLFD�DU�DYHD�VLGD��SUREOHPD�H�FD�QX�VWLX�FDUH������ÌQWU�R�GLPLQHDWD�DOED��GH�LDUQD��&OLQWRQ�YHGH�vQ�]DSDGD�GLQ�IDWD�&DVHL�$OEH�VFULV�FX�SLVDW��&OLQWRQ�H�XQ�ODEDJLX�&OLQWRQ�H�IRDUWH�VXSDUDW�VL�FKHDPD�VHIXO�VHUYLFLXOXL�VHFUHW��*DVHVWH�PL�LPHGLDW�FLQH�V�D�SLVDW�vQ�]DSDGD�$�GRXD�]L�YLQH�VHIXO�VHUYLFLXOXL�VHFUHW�VL�UDSRUWHD]D��$P�R�YHVWH�UHD�VL�XQD�VL�PDL�UHD��&X�FDUH�VD�vQFHS"&OLQWRQ�VH�KRWDUDVWH�SHQWUX�FHD�UHD��$P�SULQV�IDSWDVXO��(VWH�PLQLVWUXO�DSDUDULL�&OLQWRQ�HVWH�XLPLW�VL����VL�FDUH�H�YHVWHD�VL�PDL�UHD"�(VWH�VFULVXO�OXL�+LOODU\�������1HD�,OLFL��,OLHVFX��VH�GXFH�vQ�YL]LWD�OD�PLVWHU�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�$UH�ORF�R�GLVFXWLH�OD�QLYHO�vQDOW�GHVSUH�RDPHQLL�GLQ�86$�VL�5RPDQLD��ÌQFHSH�%LOO��$X]L�FRPUDG�,OLFL��OD�QRL�RDPHQLL�vQWkL�JkQGHVF�GXSD�DLD�IDF��8LWH�R�GHPRQVWUDWLH��-RKQ�GD�L�XQD�OX�WRYDUDVXO�,OLHVFX�'DU�-RKQ��,OLHVFX���KPP���,OLHVFX� HVWH� SUHVHGLQWHOH� 5RPDQLHL�� (X� VXQW� DPHULFDQ���'DFD� vL� GDX� XQD� RIHQVH]� VWDWXO� URPDQ�� $SRLUD]ERL���&DWUH�&OLQWRQ��1X�SRW�GRPQXOH�SUHVHGLQWH��%UDYR�MRKQ�=LFH�,OLFL��%LOO\�ER\��OD�QRL�vQWkL�RDPHQLL�IDF�GXSD�DLD�JkQGHVF��,D�XLWH��,RDQH�GD�L�XQD�OX�%LOO\�6L�,RQ�vL�DUGH�XQ�SXPQ�OXL�%LOO�GH�VH�GXFH�DOD�SH�VSDWH��'XSD�FH�vVL�PDL�UHYLQH�vO�DXGH�SH�,RQ�JkQGLQGX�VH��6D�L�PDL�GDX�VL�XQ�FDS�vQ�JXUD"���ÌQDLQWHD�XQHL�FRQIHULQWH�GH�SUHVD�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�HVWH�YD]XW�GH�FDWUH�UHSRUWHUL��SH�XQ�FRULGRU�DO�&DVHL�$OEH��FX�XQ�FKLORW�GHGDPD�SH�EUDW�1LFL�FDUH�QX�VH�vQFXPHWD�VD�vQWUHEH��GDU�GXSD�FRQIHULQWD�WRWXVL�XQXO�GLQ�RDPHQLL�GLQ�VXLWD�HVWH�vQWUHEDW�vQ�VRDSWD�FH�vQVHDPQDDVWD��'D�DWL�UHPDUFDW�ELQH��GRPQXO�3UHVHGLQWH�SRDUWD�XQ�EDQGDM�PHGLFDO�GH�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL�SHQWUX�D�VH�GH]RELVQXL������+LOODU\�&OLQWRQ�PHUJH�OD�3UH]LFDWRDUH��$FHDVWD�GD�vQ�FDUWL�VL�vL�VSXQH��9DG�FD�VRWXO�GXPLWDOH�YD�PXUL�DQXO�DFHVWD�GH�R�PRDUWH�FXPSOLWD���/D�FDUH�+LOODU\��9HGHWL�FXPYD�VL�GDFD�FLQHYD�PD�PLQWH�VDX�vQFHDUFD�VD�PD�SDFDOHDVFD"���7UHL�SXVWL�VH�SOLPEDX�SULQ�:DVKLQJWRQ��FkQG�DX�YD]XW�vQWU�XQ�ODF��XQ�RP�FDUH�GDGHD�VD�VH�vQHFH�&HL�GRL�EDLHWL�VH�DUXQFD�vQ�DSD�VL�O�VDOYHD]D�FD�DSRL�VD�UHPDUFH��OD�PDO��FD�DFHVWD�HUD�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�%LOO�D�IRVW�DWkW�GH�EXFXURV�FD�D�VFDSDW�FX�YLDWD�FD�D�IRVW�GH�DFRUG�VD�OH�vQGHSOLQHDVFD�FkWH�R�GRULQWD�EDLHWLORU��3ULPXO�VSXQH�0L�DV�GRUL�R�ELFLFOHWD��vPL�GRUHVF�GH�PXOW�GDU�SDULQWLL�PHL�VXQW�VDUDFL�VL�QX�VL�SRW�SHUPLWH�%LOO�UDVSXQGH��2.��PkLQH�YLQH�XQ�RP�GLQ�VXLWD�PHD�FX�WLQH�OD�XQ�PDJD]LQ�GH�VSRUW�$O�GRLOHD�SXVWL�vVL�GRUHVWH�XQ�FRPSXWHU�OD�FDUH�%LOO�UDVSXQGH��2.��PkLQH�YLQH�XQ�RP�GLQ�VXLWD�PHD�FX�WLQH�OD�XQ�PDJD]LQ�GH�FRPSXWHUH�$O�WUHLOHD�VSXQH��(X�vPL�GRUHVF�R�vQPRUPkQWDUH�GH�VWDW�FX�RQRU�3UH]LGHQWLDO��+HHHHL��VSXVH�%LOO��WX�HVWL�vQFD�SUHD�WkQDU�VD�WH�JkQGHVWL�OD�PRDUWH�GH�SH�DFXP��'D��UDVSXQVH�SXVWLXO��GDU�FkQG�DIOD�WDWD�SH�FLQH�DP�VDOYDW�GH�OD�vQHF�FX�VLJXUDQWD�FD�PD�EDWH�GH�PD�RPRDUD�������ÌQWU�R�]L�&OLQWRQ��IRDUWH�VXSDUDW��FKHDPD�GHFRUDWRUXO�&DVHL�$OEH�vQ�%LURXO�2YDO�VL�]LFH�

Page 245: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�&KHOVHD�HVWH� IRDUWH� VXSDUDWD� VL� H�GH�SDUHUH�FD�DFHDVWD�FDPHUD�H�FHD�PDL� XUkWD�FDPHUD�D�&DVHL�$OEH��$V�YUHD� VD� ILH� IDFXWLPHGLDW�FHYD��<HV�6LU��GRPQXOH�SUHVHGLQWH��YRL�RUGRQD�VD�VFRDWD��LPHGLDW��WRDWH�RJOLQ]LOH�GH�DLFL����8Q�RP�VWD� vQWU�XQ�EDU�vQ�0RQWDQD�VL�VH�XLWD� OD� WHOHYL]RU��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�DSDUH�%LOO�&OLQWRQ� vQ� LPDJLQH��2PXO� VSXQH�FXYRFH�WDUH��7LSXO�DVWD�DUDWD�FD�XQ�FXU�GH�FDO�8Q�FRZER\�GH�OkQJD�VH�ULGLFD�VL�vO�GD�MRV�GH�SH�VFDXQ�FX�XQ�SXPQ��2PXO�VH�ULGLFD��VH�DVHD]D�GLQ�QRX�SH�VFDXQ�VL�GXSD�XQWLPS�DSDUH�+LOODU\�vQ�LPDJLQH��'DU�HD�DUDWD�FX�VLJXUDQWD�FD�XQ�FXU�GH�FDO����8Q� DO� GRLOHD� FRZER\� VH� ULGLFD� VL� HURXO� QRVWUX� H� GLQ� QRX� SH� MRV�� 6H� DVHD]D� DSRL� SH� VFDXQ� PDVkQGX�VL� IDOFD� VL� vQWUHDEDEDUPDQXO��0D�VFX]DWL�PD�JkQGHDP�FD�PD�DIOX�vQWU�XQ�VWDW�FRQVHUYDWLY��0RQWDQD���8QGH�PD�DIOX"�ÌQ�VWDWXO�OXL�&OLQWRQ"�1X��UDVSXQGH�EDUPDQXO��WH�DIOLL�vQ�VWDWXO�FDLORU����&OLQWRQ�VL�,HOWLQ�VXQW�FRQJHODWL��'XSD�����GH�DQL�VXQW�GLQ�QRX�GHFRQJHODWL��$PkQGRL�IDF�SULPD�RDUD�DFHODVL�OXFUX��FHU�XQ]LDU�GH�DFWXDOLWDWH�,HOWLQ�SULPHVWH�SULPXO�]LDUXO���GXSD���PLQXWH�vQFHSH�GLQWU�R�GDWD�VD�UkGD�FX�ODFULPL��&OLQWRQ�vO�vQWUHDED�FH�HVWH�OD�FDUH�,HOWLQ��,D�XLWH�FH�VFULH�DLFL����/XSWH�VkQJHURDVH�OD�JUDQLWD�PH[LFR�FDQDGLDQD�&OLQWRQ� vL� VPXOJH� ]LDUXO� GLQ�PkQD� VL� FLWHVWH� VL� HO���GXSD� ��PLQXWH� vQFHSH� GLQWU�R� GDWD� VD� UkGD� FX� VXJKLWXUL�� VL� FkQG� ,HOWLQvQWUHDED�FH�H�DVD�GH�DPX]DQW�UDVSXQGH��7LWOX���/D�JUDQLWD�JHUPDQR�FKLQH]D�V�DX�vQDVSULW�FRQWURDOHOH����%LOO�&OLQWRQ�DGRDUPH�FX�FDSXO�SH�ELURX�vQWU�R�]L�VL�DUH�XQ�YLV�FLXGDW�6H�IDFHD�FD�PXULVH��HUD�vQ�LDG��LDU�'UDFXO�WUHEXLD�VD�vO�SHGHSVHDVFD�SHQWUX�HWHUQLWDWH�'DU��SHQWUX�FD�IDFXVH�VL�IDSWH�EXQH�SH�SDPkQW��DYHD�GUHSWXO�VD�VL�DOHDJD�SHGHDSVD�ÌO�GXFH�GUDFXO�vQWU�R�FDPHUD��XQGH�HUD�1HZW�*LQJULFK�vQWLQV�SH�R�PDVD��VWULJkQG�vQ�DJRQLH��vQ�WLPS�FH�R�URDWD�FDOFD�SHVWH�HO�&OLQWRQ���3DUFD�QX�H�FHHD�FH�PL�DU�SODFHD�����$VD�FD�PHUJ�vQ�DOWD�FDPHUD�$FROR� HUD�%RE�'ROH�� DJDWDW� GH�R� VIRDUD�� ÌO� EDJDX� vQWU�XQ� FD]DQ� FX� FDFDW� VL�� FvQG�HUD� JDWD� VD� VH� VXIRFH�� vO�PDL� VFRWHDX� VDUHVSLUH��9DL���VSXVH�&OLQWRQ��DVWD�QX�H�SHQWUX�PLQH�$VD�FD�vO�GXF�vQ�D�WUHLD�FDPHUD��XQGH�.HQQHWK�6WDUU�VWDWHD�DJDWDW�GH�SHUHWH��vQ�WLPS�FH�0RQLFD�/HZLQVNL�vL�VXJHD�S D�&OLQWRQ�VSXVH��2.��DVD�DVL�YUHD�VD�ILX�SHGHSVLW��'UDFXO��)LH�����DVWD�YD�IL�SHGHDSVD�WD�SHQWUX�XUPDWRUXO�PLOLDUG�GH�DQL��0RQLFD�����7L�D�YHQLW�VFKLPEXO����9DULDQWD�0RDUH�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�VL�HVWH��UHSDUWL]DW��vQ�LDG��$MXQV�DLFL��'UDFXO�vL�VSXQH��,DGXO� HVWH� vQ� DFHVW� PRPHQW� SOLQ�� WRDWH� ORFXULOH� VXQW� RFXSDWH�� GDU� FXP� QX� WH� SXWHP� ODVD� VD� SOHFL� VL� DYkQG� vQ� YHGHUH� FHLPSRUWDQW�DL�IRVW��vWL�GDP�SRVLELOLWDWHD�VD�DOHJL�vQ�ORFXO�FXL�YUHL�VD�UDPkL�=LV�VL�IDFXW��0HUJH�&OLQWRQ�vQ�SULPD�FDPHUD��vO�JDVHVWH�SH�1L[RQ�ILHUELQG�vQWU�XQ�FD]DQ�FX�VPRDOD��$��QX��]LFH�&OLQWRQ��QX�YUHDX�VD�UDPkQ�DLFL�vQ�D�GRXD�FDPHUD��%XVK�OHJDW�IHGHOHV�VL�FKLQXLW�GH�]HFL�GH�GUDFXVRUL��1X��QLFL�DLFL�QX�YUHDX�VD�UDPkQ�ÌQ�D�WUHLD�FDPHUD��.HQQHWK�6WDU�VL�0RQLFD�/HYLQVN\��LDU�0RQLFD�vO��OXFUD��SH�.HQQHWK�DVD�FXP�VWLH�HD�PDL�ELQH���/XL�&OLQWRQ�vL�OXFHVF�RFKLL�VL�]LFH��'D��GD��DLFL�YUHDX�VD�UDPkQ�6L�'UDFXO��2�.��0RQLFD��SRWL�VD�SOHFL�������ÌQ�$YLRQXO�SUH]LGHQWLDO�H[LVWD�UHJXOL�IRDUWH�VWULFWH��&kQG�DSDU�WXUEXOHQWH�VL�DYLRQXO�vQFHSH�VD�VH�FODWLQH�HVWH�VWULFW�LQWHU]LV�D�VH�EDWH�OD�XVD�SUHVHGLQWHOXL�����ÌQ�HPLVLXQHD��6WLUL�GH�OD�+ROO\ZRRG��DFWULWD�.DWH�:LQVHOHWW��7LWDQLF�D�VSXQV�UDVSLFDW�FD�QX�DU�SUHOXD�vQ�QLFL�XQ�FD]�UROXO0RQLFDL�/HZLQVNL��vQWU�XQ�SURLHFW�GH�ILOP��0RWLYXO���1X�PDL�DUH�QLFLGHFXP�SRIWD�VD�PDL�ILH�DVD�GH�XPHGD�XQ�ILOP�vQWUHJ��������&LFD�HUDX�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�VL�FX�3DSD�,RDQ�3DXO�,,� vQWU�R�EDUFD��VL�GLVFXWDX�GH�]RU��'HRGDWD��R�SDOD�GH�YkQW� vL�VPXOJH�SDSHLSDODULXWD�GH�SH�FDS�VL�L�R�DUXQFD�vQ�DSD��OD�FkWLYD�PHWUL�GHSDUWDUH��%LOO�]LFH�FD��QR�SUREOHP���SDUFXUJH�UHVSHFWLYLL�PHWUL�SDVLQGSH�DSD��ULGLFD�SDODULXWD��VH�vQWRDUFH�WRW�SDVLQG�SH�DSD�VL�L�R�vQDSRLD]D�SDSHL��2I�FRXUVH��SH�DFROR�HUDX�VL�UHSUH]HQWDQWLL�SUHVHL�FDUH�Q�DX�VFDSDW�RFD]LD�XQRU�IRWRJUDILL�5H]XOWDW��D�GRXD�]L��vQ�WRDWH�]LDUHOH��WLWOXUL�GH�R�VFKLRDSD���%LOO�&OLQWRQ�QX�VWLH�VD�vQRDWH��

Page 246: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���3DSD��OD�XOWLPD�YL]LWD�vQ�68$�V�D�vQWkOQLW�VL�FX�&OLQWRQ��,DU�vQ�ORF�GH�R�RUD�FkW�WUHEXLD�VD�ILH�vQWkOQLUHD�FHORU����DFHDVWD�DGXUDW���]LOH�'XSD�WHUPLQDUHD�FRQYRUELULORU��&OLQWRQ�FX�]kPEHWXO�SH�EX]H�D�GHFODUDW�VXFFHVXO�FRYRUELULORU��vQ�����GLQWUH�SUREOHPH�DPELLILLQG�GH�DFHHDVL�SDUHUH�$SDUH�VL�3DSD��VXSDUDW��SOkQV��QHFDMLW�QHYRLH�PDUH��7RWL�]LDULVWLL�UDPkQ�QHODPXULL�VL�vL�H[SOLFD�GH�FHOH�����GLQ�SXQFWHOH�FXFDUH�V�D�FD]XW�GH�DFRUG��/D�FDUH�3DSD�UHSOLFD��'DU�DP�GLVFXWDW�GRDU�GH�FHOH����SRUXQFL���&OLQWRQ�VL�3DSD�DX�PXULW�vQ�DFHHDVL�]L��'DWRULWD�ELURFUDWLHL�DGPLQLVWUDWLYH��&OLQWRQ�HVWH�UHSDUWL]DW�vQ�UDL�VL�3DSD�vQ�LDG�3DSD�H[SOLFD�VLWXDWLD�DGPLQLVWUDWLHL�LDGXOXL��HL�YHULILFD�GRFXPHQWHOH�VL�HURDUHD�HVWH�ODPXULWD�,�VH�H[SOLFD�FD�YD�GXUD��WRWXVL�����GH�RUH�VD�IDFD�VFKLPEDUHD��$�GRXD�]L�3DSD�HVWH�FKHPDW�OD�DGPLQLVWUDWLD�LDGXOXL�FDUH�VL�LDDGLR�GH�OH�HO�3DSD�VH�vQGUHDSWD�OLQLVWLW�VSUH�UDL��3H�VFDUL�vO�vQWkOQHVWH�SH�&OLQWRQ�FDUH�FRERUD�VL�VH�RSUHVF�OD�R�YRUED�3DSD��,PL�SDUH�UDX�SHQWUX�LQFXUFDWXUD&OLQWRQ��1LFL�R�SUREOHPD3DSD��6WLL��VXQW�GH�D�GUHSWXO�HPRWLRQDW�FD�PHUJ�vQ�UDL&OLQWRQ��'H�FH"3DSD��7RDWD�YLDWD�PL�DP�GRULW�V�R�vQWkOQHVF�SH�)HFLRDUD�0DULD�&OLQWRQ��ÌPL�SDUH�UDX��DL�vQWkU]LDW�R�]L����6H�vQWkOQHVWH�&OLQWRQ�FX�3DSD�SH�FDUH�vO�vQWUHDED��6ILQH�3DULQWH��DL�SXWHD�VD�PL�R�SUH]LQWL�SH�)HFLRDUD�0DULD"���ÌQ�&DVD�$OED�H[LVWD�WUDGLWLD�FD�GRUPLWRDUHOH�VD�ILH�QXPLWH�FX�QXPHOH�SUHVHGLQWLORU�FDUH�GRUPHDX�vQ�HOH�&X�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�DFHDVWD�WUDGLWLH�WUHEXLH�vQWUHUXSWD�&DX]D��$FWXDOXO�SUHVHGLQWH�D�IRORVLW�SUHD�PXOWH�GRUPLWRDUH����.RKO��%ODLU��&OLQWRQ�WHVWHD]D�HFRXO�XQHL�SUDSDVWLL���.RKO�VWULJD��'HXWVFKODQG��(FRXO�����ODQG�����ODQG���%ODLU�VWULJD��(QJODQG��(FRXO�����ODQG����ODQG+RS�VL�&OLQWRQ��8QLWHG�6WDWHV��(FRXO�����DLGV����DLGV���8Q�UHSRUWHU�GH�OD�&11�vO�LQWUHDED�SH�XQ�SDUWLFLSDQW��SHQVLRQDU��OD�WHUPLQDUHD�PLWLQJXOXL�GLQ�3LDWD�8QLYHUVLWDWLL��'H�FH�FUHGHWL�FD�3UHVHGLQWHOH�&OLQWRQ�QX�VH�JUDEHD�VD�SOHFH�GLQ�SLDWD��GXSD�WHUPLQDUHD�PLWLQJXOXL"����SHQWUX�FD�vO�DVWHSWD�SH�1HOXWX������0DUH�DFFLGHQW�GH�DYLRQ��VROGDW�FX�PRDUWHD�JXYHUQXOXL�DPHULFDQ��$MXQJ�WRWL�vQ�UDL�OD�'XPQH]HX��$FHVWD�vL�SULPHVWH��VWkQGSH�WURQXO�FHUHVF��7X�FLQH�HVWL"�6XQW�SUHVHGLQWHOH�6WDWHORU�8QLWH�DOH�$PHULFLL��%LOO�&OLQWRQ��%LQH��ILXOH��DVHD]D�WH�DLFL�OD�GUHDSWD�PHD�ÌQ�FOLSD�DFHHD�LQWUD�DOHUJkQG�+LOODU\�&OLQWRQ��SH�FDUH�'XPQH]HX�R�vQWUHDED�FLQH�HVWH��6XQW�+LOODU\�&OLQWRQ��SULPD�GRDPQD�D�$PHULFLL��'DU�WX�FLQH�HVWL�VL�GH�FH�VWDL�SH�ORFXO�PHX"���%LOO�VL�+LOODU\�&OLQWRQ�VH�DIOD�FX�PDVLQD�SH�5XWD�����6H�RSUHVF�HL�OD�R�EHQ]LQDULH�PLFD�2PXO�FDUH�OH�XPSOH�WDQFXO�VSXQHOXL�+LOODU\��+L�+LOODU\��ÌWL�PDL�DGXFL�DPLQWH�GH�PLQH"�$P�IRVW�SULHWHQL�vQ�OLFHX�+LOODU\�vVL�UHFXQRDVWH�VL�HD�IRVWXO�SULHWHQ�VL�DPkQGRL�PDL�SRYHVWHVF�GH�YUHPXULOH�GH�DOWDGDWD�0DL�WkU]LX�SH�GUXP�%LOO�VSXQH��9H]L��WUHEXLH�FD�HVWL�IRDUWH�IHULFLWD�FD�WH�DL�FDVDWRULW�FX�PLQH��GDFD�WH�FDVDWRUHDL�FX�IRVWXO�WDX�SULHWHQ��QX�DL�IL�IRVW�DFXP�VRWLDSUHVHGLQWHOXL��%D�GD��VSXVH�+LOODU\��vQ�FD]XO�DFHVWD�DU�IL�IRVW�HO�SUHVHGLQWHOH�6WDWHORU�8QLWH����+LOODU\�PHUJH�OD�*LQHFRORJ�VL�SULPHVWH�YHVWHD�PLQXQDWD�FD�H�vQVDUFLQDWD�$SXFD�WHOHIRQXO�VL�vO�VXQD�SH�%LOO��3RUFXOH��(X�VXQW�JUDYLGD�VL�WX�WH�GXFL�FX�DOWHOH�/D�FDUH�%LOO��7H�URJ�VD�WH�OLQLVWHVWL��VSXQH�PL�QXPDL�FXP�WH�QXPHVWL�VL�HX�SUHLDX�WRDWH�FRVWXULOH����

Page 247: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���%LOO�&OLQWRQ� vVL�IDFH� vQ� ILHFDUH�GLPLQHDWD� WXUD�GH� MRJJLQJ�SULQ�DFHODVL�SDUF�� ÌQWU�R�GLPLQHDWD�YHGH�R�SURVWLWXDWD�FDUH�QXDUDWD�DVD�GH�UDX�$MXQJH�OD�FRQFOX]LD�FD�vL�SODFH�GH�HD��(D�VWULJD�vQ�XUPD�OXL�����GH�'RODUL�'LQ�FDX]D�FD�%LOO�QX�SULPHVWH�DWkWL�EDQL�GH�EX]XQDU�GH�OD�+LOODU\��vL�VWULJD�SURVWLWXDWHL�vQDSRL����'RODUL�3URVWLWXDWD�VH�VLPWH�MLJQLWD�VL�SODFD�LDU�%LOO�vVL�FRQWLQXD�WXUD�GH�-RJJLQJ�'H�DWXQFL�3URVWLWXDWD�VH�DIOD�vQ�ILHFDUH�]L�vQ�DFHODVL�ORF�VL�vQ�ILHFDUH�]L�FHL�GRL�DYHDX�DFHHDVL�GLVFXWLH�'XSD�YUHR�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL�VH�KRWDUDVWH�VL�+LOODU\�VD�DOHUJH�FX�%LOO��$FHVWD�V�D�VSHULDW�FD�VRWLD�SRDWH�VD�vVL�GHD�VHDPD�GH�WRDWDID]D�GDU�QX�VH�vQFXPHWD�VD�VFKLPEH�UXWD�$VWIHO� DOHDUJD�SHUHFKHD�SUH]LGHQWLDOD� VL� DMXQJ� vQ� GUHSWXO�SURVWLWXDWHL��%LOO� R� SULYHVWH� FX� IULFD� VL� FX� VSHUDQWD� FD� DFHDVWD� YDWDFHD�GLQ�JXUD�'XSD�FH�DX�WUHFXW�GH�HD�DXG�FHL�GRL�GLQ�XUPD��$FXPD�YH]L�FH�FDSHWL�SHQWUX���'RODUL�������Ì�&H�DUH�R�VXWD�GH�GLQWL�VL�SD]HVWH�XQ�PRQVWUX"5�)HUPRDUXO�SDQWDORQLORU�OXL�%LOO�&OLQWRQ����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�D�VDOXWD�UHJLQD�$QJOLHL�VL�SUHVHGLQWHOH�$PHULFLL"5�3HQWUX�D�VDOXWD�UHJLQD�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�SXL�GHFkW�XQ�JHQXQFKL�MRV������Ì�&H�FH�QX�PDL�YUHD�0RQLFD�/HZLQVNL�VD�MRDFH�JROI�FX�%LOO�&OLQWRQ"5�6�D�VDWXUDW�GH��ELOHOH��OXL�FDUH�R�ORYHVF�SHVWH�IDWD������Ì�&DUH�H�FHD�PDL�QRXD�GRULQWD�DVFXQVD�D�OXL�%LOO�&OLQWRQ"5�&D�OXPHD�VD�L�PDL�DUDWH�PkQD�FX�PDL�PXOW�GHFkW�XQ�GHJHW�vQWLQV������%LOO�VL�+LOODU\�VH�DIOD�vQWU�XQ�UHVWDXUDQW�&KHOQHUXO�OH�RIHUD�VSHFLDOLWDWHD�FDVHL�SXL�vQ�FXSWRU�VL�SHVWH��3XLXO�VXQD�ELQH��DV�GRUL�VD�VHUYHVF�DVWD��VSXQH�+LOODU\�&KHOQHUXO�vVL�QRWHD]D�DSRL�]LFH�SRFLQG�GH�HPRWLH�YRUED��6L�OHJXPD�OHJXPH�"�(O�GRUHVWH�SHVWH��UDVSXQGH�+LOODU\������6H�vQWkOQHVF�&OLQWRQ�FX�7]\RQ3LQJ0\R/LQJL��SUHPLHUX�FKLQH]��OD�XQD�PLFD��6L�VH�LDX�OD�FDIWHDOD��%D��PkQFD�PL�DL�RUH]X��FH�DL�GDW�FX�ERPED�vQ�IUDWLL�PHL�GLQ�%HOJUDG"�'D�YRL��IX H�Y�DU�0RQLFD��FH�DWL�IXUDW�VHFUHWX�GH�OD�QRL"�%D��&RFD�&ROD��FH�QH�WUHEH�QRXD�WHKQRORJLD�YRDVWUD"�9�R�WUDJHP�FkQG�YUHP�QRL��%D��JDOEHMLWLORU��GD�FLQH�YD�FUHGHWL�YRL"�+DL�OD�SDULX�SH�R�ODGD�GH�YRGFD�FD�D�QRDVWUD�L�PDL�WDUH�3XVHUD�HL�SDULXO��WDLH�(OWLQ��6L�VH�GXF�vQ�$PHULFD��VDSD�OD��P��JDVHVF�XQ�SUH]HUYDWLY��9H]L��ED��DFXP�����GH�DQL�QRL�QH�SURWHMDP��0DL�VDSD��P��JDVHVF�R�FXWLH�GH�&RFD�&ROD��5HFLFODELOD��$FXP�����GH�DQL�0DL�VDSD���P��JDVHVF�R�VkUPD��7RW�QX�WL�H�FODU"�ÌQFD�GH�DFXP�����GH�DQL�DYHDP�UHWHD�GH�WHOHIRQLH��+DL�FD�WL�DP�WUDV�R�0HUJ�VL�vQ�&KLQD��6DSD�OD��P��QLPLF��6DSD�OD����QLPLF��/D����WRW�QLPLF��0\R/LQJL�WULXPIDWRU��9H]L�ORRVHUH��'RYDGD�FODUD�FD�vQFD�GH�DFXP�����GH�DQL�QRL�IRORVHDP�FHOXODUX����%LOO�&OLQWRQ�vQ�YL]LWD�OD�PDUHOH�XUV�<HOWVLQ��$FHVWD�GLQ�XUPD�vO�LQYLWD�SH�%LOO�OD�R�SDUWLGD�GH�SHVFXLW��XQGHYD�SULQ�5XVLD��6LVWDWHDX�HL�DVD�SH�PDOXO�ODFXOXL�VL�SHVFXLDX��<HOWVLQ�FX�R�VWLFOD�GH�YRGND�OkQJD�HO��%LOO�FX�R�VWLFOD�GH�-DFN�'DQLHOV��DVD�FD�VD�VHPDL�vQFDO]HDVFD��ÌQ�WLPS�FH�PDUHOH�XUV�VFRWHD�SHVWH�GXSD�SHVWH��SHQWUX�%LOO�SDUFD�HUD�FHD�PDL�QHDJUD�]L�GLQ�YLDWD�OXL�SHQWUX�FDQX�UHXVHD�VD�WUDJD�QLPLF����'DU��OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW����VXUSUL]DDD����%LOO�VFRDWH�XQ�SHVWLVRU�PLF��PLF��GH�DXU��'RPQXOH�3UHVHGLQWH��'RPQXOH�3UHVHGLQWH��VSXVH�SHVWLVRUXO�GH�DXU��YD�URJ�GDWL�PL�GUXPXO����9D�URJ����R�VD�YD�vQGHSOLQHVFRULFH�GRULQWD�DYHWL��0DL�SHVWLVRUXOH��VSXVH�SRSXODUXO�SUHVHGLQWH��FH�GRULQWD�SRDWH�DYHD�XQXO�FD�PLQH"��$P�WRW�FH�VL�SRDWH�GRUL�R�ILLQWD�XPDQD�GRDU�VXQW�SUHVHGLQWHOH�$PHULFLL��QX"��'DU�R�VD�WL�GDX�GUXPXO�FDFL�vPL�HVWH�PLOD�GH�WLQH��VL�vQ�SOXV�SUHVHGLQWLL�PDL�WUHEXLH�VDIDFD�VL�IDSWH�EXQH����*kQGHVWH�WH�ELQH��VSXVH�SHVWLVRUXO��DFHDVWD�VDQVD�QX�R�SRDWH�DYHD�RULFLQH��2N��VSXVH�SUHVHGLQWHOH�GXSD�XQ�WLPS�GH�DGkQFD�UHIOHFWLH��YUHDX�FD�GH�D]L�vQDLQWH��GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�PHUJ�OD�WRDOHWD�VD�PDSLV�VDPSDQLH��$VWD�FKLDU�PD�SRDWH�IDFH�GLIHULW�GH�RULFH�ILLQWD�XPDQD�3LLLQJ��VL�SHVWLVRUXO�GLVSDUX�vQ�YDOXUL���/D�vQWRDUFHUHD�vQ�$PHULFD��%LOO�WUHFX�SH�OD�:KLWH�+RXVH�VL�IX�vQWDPSLQDW�GH�0RQLND�SH�FDUH�vQFD�R�LXEHD���

Page 248: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�'UDJD�PHD��VSXVH�%LOO��VD�YH]L�FH�PL�V�D�vQWkPSODW�����EOD���EOD���EOD��VL�GH�DWXQFL�GH�FkWH�RUL�PD�SLV��PD�SLV�VDPSDQLH����&RRO�QX�L�DVD"��((((([WUDRUGLQDU��VWULJD�0RQLND�FXSULQVD�GH�H[WD]����$OHUJ�VD�DGXF�GRXD�FXSH�VD�JXVWDP�GLQ�VDPSDQLD�SUH]LGHQWLDOD��1X�L�QLFL�R�JUDED��VSXVH�SUHVHGLQWHOH��LDU�R�FXSD�HVWH�VXILFLHQWD��'H�FH�GRDU�R�FXSD""��VH�PLQXQD�0RQLND�3HQWUX�FD�WX�R�VD�EHL�GLUHFW�GLQ�VWLFOD��UHSOLFD�SUHVHGLQWHOH�]kPELQG�DSURDSH�VDWLVIDFXW������%LOO�&OLQWRQ�PRDUH�VL�DMXQJH�OD�SRDUWD�UDLXOXL��'XSD�FH�EDWH�OD�SRDUWD�vL�LHVVH�vQ�vQWkPSLQDUH�6IkQWXO�3HWUH��&LQH�L"�(X��%LOO�&OLQWRQ��6L�FH�YUHL"�6D�LQWUX��]LFH�DFHVWD��$WXQFL��GDFD�YUHL�VD�LQWUL�WUHEXLH�VD�PL�VSXL�FH�SDFDWH�DL�IDFXW�SH�SDPkQW��3DL��DP�IXPDW�PDULKXDQD�GDU�OXFUXO�DVWD�QX�SRDWH�IL�IRORVLW�vPSRWULYD�PHD�FDFL�QX�DP�WUDV�vQ�SLHSW��FUHG�FD�DP�IDFXW�VH[�vQDIDUD�FDVQLFLHL�GDU�DVWD�LDU�QX�VH�SXQH�SHQWUX�FD�QX�DP�DYXW�UHODWLL�VH[XDOH��VL�DP�PDL�PLQWLW�GDU�DVWD�LDU�QX�FRQWHD]D�SHQWUXFD�QX�DP�vQVHODW��&DP�DVWD�DU�IL��'XSD�FH�6IkQWXO�3HWUH�VH�JkQGHVWH�XQ�WLPS�vL�]LFH��8LWH�DWXQFL�FXP�IDFHP��WH�WULPLWHP�vQWU�XQ�ORF�XQGH�H�WDUH�ILHUELQWH�GDU�QX�YRP�QXPL�ORFXO�DVWD�,DG��YHL�VWD�DFROR�SHQWUX�RSHULRDGD�GH� WLPS�FDUHL� QX�L� YRP� VSXQH� vQVD�(WHUQLWDWH�� VL� QX� ODVD� RULFH� VSHUDQWD� OD� LQWUDUH� GDU� QLFL� VD� QX� vQFHUFL� VD�WL� WLLUDVSLUDWLD�SkQD�WRWXO�VH�WHUPLQD������/D�:DVKLQJWRQ�'&�D�IRVW�IDFXW�XQ�VRQGDM�GH�RSLQLH������GH�IHPHL�DX�IRVW�vQWUHEDWH�GDFD�YRU�VD�IDFD�VH[�FX�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�'RXD�DX�UDVSXQV��'$���GRXD��18��VL�����18�0$,�������&DUH�D�IRVW�SR]LWLD�0RQLFDL�/HZLQVNL�OD�&DVD�$OED"0LVLRQDUD�%DQFXUL�FX�/DG\�'L���&H�DX�vQ�FRPXQ�/DG\�'L�VL�XQ�WDPSRQ�2%�5�$PkQGRXD�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�ORF�vQWXQHFRV�VL�LHV�vQVkQJHUDWH�DIDUD����&H�DX�vQ�FRPXQ�/DG\�'L�VL�VWLFOHOH�GH�VDPSDQLH�5�$PkQGRXD�YLQ�GLQ�)UDQWD�vQ�FXWLL�GH�OHPQ����&H�DX�vQ�FRPXQ�'LDQD�VL�%RULV�%HFNHU"5�$PkQGRL�DX�R�ORYLWXUD�OD�a����.P�K����&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�'LDQD�VL�%RULV�%HFNHU"5�%RULV�PDL�SULPHVWH�GUHSWXO�OD�R�D�GRXD�ORYLWXUD�GH�VHUYLFLX������'H�FH�QX�D�IRVW�VDOYDWD�/DG\�'L�GH�FDWUH�6XSHUPDQ"5�1X�H[LVWD�vQFD�VFDXQ�FX�URWLOH�FDUH�VD�PHDUJD�FX�����.P�K���&H�DU�IDFH�/DG\�'L�GDFD�DU�PDL�WUDL"5�$U�vQFHUFD�VD�LDVD�GLQ�PRUPkQW"��'RG\�$OID\HWWH�VH�vQIDWLVHDWD�OD�6I��3HWUX�VL�VH�SOkQJH��6KLW��,�ZDQWHG�WR�IXFN�'L�LQ�WKH�FDU�DQG�QRW�WR�'LH�LQ�WKH�IXFNLQJ�FDU������&H�vQVHDPQD�SUHVFXUWDUHD�',$1$"5�'LHG�,Q�$�1DVW\�$FFLGHQW���������GDU�'2',"5�'LHG�2SSRVLWH�',�������GDU�'2',"5�����'LHG�2I�'ULYHU�,QWR[LFDWLRQ�������GDU�'2',"5�����'LHG�2Q�'DVKERDUG�,PSDFW

Page 249: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�/DG\�'L�VL�(OYLV"5�(OYLV�WUDLHVWH����/D�vQPRUPkQWDUH�SULQWXO�:LOOLDP�vVL�vQWUHDED�WDWDO��&KDUOHV���'H�FH�VXQW�DWkWLD�RDPHQL�DGXQDWL�DLFL"�$VD�H�vQWRWGHDXQD�FkQG�FkQWD�(OWRQ�-RKQ����Ì�&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWH�IRDPHWHD�PRQGLDOD�VL�0HUFHGHV"5�1LFLFDUH�QX�SRW�IL�RSULWH����Ì�&H�DX�vQ�FRPXQ�3LQN�)OR\G�VL�/DG\�'L"5�$QRWKHU�EULFN�LQ�WKH�ZDOO����Ì�&H�PHORGLH�H�SH�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD�D�SODFLL��&DQGOH�,Q�7KH�:LQG�"5��/LYLQJ�,Q�$�%R[����Ì�'H�FH�0HUFHGHVXO�R�PDVLQD�DWkW�GH�VFXPSD"5�0HUFHGHVXO�IRORVHVWH�FD�SDSXVL�GH�vQFHUFDUH�3ULQWHVH����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�/DG\�'L�VL�0DPD�7HUH]D"5���]LOH����1X�QXPDL�(OWRQ�-RKQ�D�VFULV�XQ�FkQWHF�SHQWUX�/DG\�'L�5R[HWWH����&UDVK�%RRP�%DQJ�0LFKDHO�-DFNVRQ����%ORRG�RQ�WKH�'DVKERUG����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�/DG\�'L�VL�JHUPDQLL�GLQ�IRVWD�*HUPDQLH�GH�(VW"5�'HGHULVWLL�DX�VXSUDYLHWXLW�]LGXO����/D�GLYRUWXO�'LDQHL�DFHDVWD�D�SULPLW�GUHSWXO�GH�D�VL�SDVWUD�� WLWOXO��FRSLLL� VL� vQ� ILHFDUH�]L� MXPDWDWH�GH�SDJLQD� vQ�]LDUHOH�GHVFDQGDO����$�IRVW�/DG\�'L�0HVLD"��,VXV�D�IRVW�UHJHOH�,VUDHOXOXL�LDU�'LDQD�3ULQWHVD�LQLPLORU���,VXV�D�PXULW�WkQDU�SH�FUXFH��'LDQD�D�PXULW�WkQDUD�vQ�WXQHO���'XSD�PRDUWHD�OXL�,VXV�D�vQIORULW�FRPHUWXO�FX�UHOLFWH�VL�OD�IHO�GXSD�PRDUWHD�'LDQHL�&G�XUL��IDUIXULL��FHVWL��FDUWL��PDUJDULQD��URFKLL�HWF����,VXV�D�YD]XW�OD�QDVWHUH�VWHDXD�%HWOHHPXOXL��'LDQD�OD�PRDUWH�VWHDXD�0HUFHGHVXOXL���,VXV�DUH�IDQFOXEXO�OXL��OD�IHO�VL�'LDQD���,VXV�V�D�vQJULMLW�GH�FHL�VDUDFL�VL�IODPkQ]L��OD�IHOVL�'LDQD���ÌQ�/XFD������,VXV�HVWH�QXPLW�FD�VL�PkQFDWRU�VL�EDXWRU��'LDQD�vQDLQWH�GH�PRDUWH�D�PkQFDW�VLD�EDXW�vQ�FHO�PDL�ILQ�UHVWDXUDQW�SDUL]LDQ���,VXV�D�VSXV��&HO�VHWRV�VD�YLQD�OD�PLQH�VD�EHD����6HIXO�VLJXUDQWHL�GLQ�KRWHOXO�5LW]�D�YHQLWOD�'LDQD�VL�D�EDXW���,VXV�D�SRVWLW����GH�]LOH�VL����GH�QRSWL��6L�'LDQD�D�DYXW�SUREOHPH�FX�DOLPHQWDWLD����,VXV�D�PXUL�SHQWUX�SDFDWHOH�QRDVWUH��'LDQD�SDFDWXLQG����,VXV�D�SUHGLFDW�SH�PXQWH��'LDQD�OD�WHOHYL]RU����'XPQH]HX�VSXVH��'LQ�(JLSW�PL�DP�FKHPDW�ILXO���'LDQD�DIRVW�FKHPDWD�OD�'XPQH]HX�vPSUHXQDFX�XQ�HJLSWHDQ����5HJHOH�+HURG�D�WULPLV�XFLJDVL�VD�O�RPRDUH�SH�,VXV��XQHOH�WHRULL�VSXQ�FD�UHJLQD�(OLVDEHWDDU�IL�IDFXW�OD�IHO����/XL�,VXV�L�DX�XUPDW����$SRVWROL��'LDQHL����3DSDUD]]L����,VXV�VSXVH��3ULYLWL�SDVDULOH�������HOH�QX�VHDPDQD��HOH�QX�FXOHJ�������LDU�WDWDO�QRVWUXGLQ�FHUXUL�OH�KUDQHVWH����'LDQD�QX�D�OXFUDW�GDU�D�IRVW�KUDQLWD�GH�FHL�FH�SODWHVF�LPSR]LWH����,VXV�D�VSXV��,XELWL�YD�GXVPDQLL�VL�UXJDWL�YD�SHQWUX�FHL�FDUH�YD�XUPDUHVF���0DWHL��������'LDQD�V�D�LXELWFX�'RGL�VL�D�IRVW�XUPDULWD�SHQWUX�DFHDVWD����/D�PRUPkQWXO�OXL�,VXV�D�IRVW�SXVD�R�SLDWUD�PDUH��OD�FHO�'LDQHL�R�OHVSHGH����Ì�&H�SULYLOHJLX�DX�DYXW�/DG\�'L�VL�SRSVWDUXO�)DOFR�SULQ�PRDUWHD�ORU"5�$X�SXWXW�VD�YDGD�FROHFWLD�GH�YDUD�D�OXL�*LDQQL�9HUVDFH�vQDLQWHD�WXWXURU������0DPD�7HUH]D�PRDUH�VL�DMXQJH�vQ�UDL��'DWRULWD�OXSWHL�HL�SHQWUX�FHL�VDUDFL�VH�DVWHDSWD�OD�R�SULPLUH�GHRVHELWD�

Page 250: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

7RWXVL�OD�XVD�UDLXOXL�QLPHQL��0DPD�7HUH]D�VH�XLWD�SULQWUH�JUDWLL�VL�YHGH�QXPDL�EOLW]XUL�GH�OD�DSDUDWH�GH�IRWRJUDILDW�'XSD�R�RUD�GH�DVWHSWDUH�YLQH�VL�6I��3HWUX�FDUH�H�vQWUHEDW�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW�GH�D�GXUDW�DWkW��3HWUX�VH�VFX]D�VL�]LFH��/DG\�'L�D�VRVLW�OD�QRL��$VWD�PD�EXFXUD��GDU�SHQWUX�DVWD�D�WUHEXLW�WRW�FLUFXO�DVWD�VL�DWL�ODVDW�VL�WRWL�SDSDUD]]L�DVWLD�vQDXQWUX��6WLWL��VSXVH�3HWUX��VILQWL�FD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�YLQ�OD�QRL�vQ�ILHFDUH�]L�GDU�GLQ�IDPLOLD�UHJDOD�GRDU�RGDWD�OD�����GH�DQL�VH�UDWDFHVWHFkWH�XQXO�SH�DLFL������&HO�PDL�VFXUW�EDQF�OD�FXUWHD�$QJOLHL��/DG\�'LH�����&H�DX�vQ�FRPXQ�'LDQD�VL�XQ�WHOHIRQ�FHOXODU"5�$PkQGRL�LVL�GDX�GXKXO�vQ�WXQHO�����'H�FH�D�DYXW�0HUFHGHVXO�'LDQHL�R�YLWH]D�DVD�GH�PDUH"5�3HQWUX�FD�'LDQD�GH�SH�EDQFKHWD�GLQ�VSDWH�VWULJD�vQ�FRQWLQXX���0$,�5(3('(��0$,�5(3('(��0$,�5(3('(���������'H�FH�D�FkQWDW�OD�vQPRUPkQWDUHD�'LDQHL�(OWRQ�-RKQ"5�3HQWUX�FD��&UDVK�7HVW�'XPPLHV��HUDX�vQ�WXUQHX�vQ�$VLD�����&H�QRX�WLWOX�D�SULPLW�'LDQD�GXSD�PRDUWH"5��3ULQFHVV�RI�:$//V�����&H�GLIHUHQWD�H�vQWUH�'LDQD�VL�0HUFHGHV"5�8Q�0HUFHGHV�ELQH�vQWUHWLQXW�SRDWH�DWLQJH�R�YkUVWD�GH����GH�DQL"���'XSD�SODFD�FX�FkWHFHOH��&DQGOH�,Q�7KH�:LQG��VL��/LYLQJ�,Q�$�%R[��D�IRVW�VFRV�VL�XQ�&'�vQ�PHPRULD�'LDQHL�3H�HO�PDL�SRW�IL�DVFXOWDWH�vQ�DIDUD�FHORU�GRXD�PHORGLL�DPLQWLWH�VL�XUPDWRDUHOH�SLHVH��%ORRG�RQ�WKH�'DVKERUG��/DG\�LQ�5HG��/DVW�7LPH�LQ�3DULV��/HDGHU�RI�WKH�3DFN��&UDVK��%RRP��%DQJ���'HDG�0DQV�&XUYH�����&DUH�DX�IRVW�XOWLPHOH�FXYLQWH�DOH�'LDQHL�DGUHVDWH�VRIHUXOXL"5�)LL�DWHQW�OD�FRQGXV��1�DL�PDL�YD]XW�R�IHPHLH�GH]EUDFDWD"����&DUH�DX�IRVW�FX�DGHYDUDW�XOWLPHOH�FXYLQWH�DOH�'LDQHL�DGUHVDWH�VRIHUXOXL"5�1H�SRWL�DUDWD�GDFD�IXQFWLRQHD]D��$,5%$*��XULOH"����&H�DX�vQ�FRPXQ�'LDQD�VL�$\UWRQ�6HQQD"5�2�DILQLWDWH�FUHVFXWD�SHQWUX�]LGXULOH�GH�EHWRQ�������&H�D�]LV�UHJLQD�PDPD�FkQG�D�DX]LW�GH�DFFLGHQWXO�'LDQHL"5�$�IRVW�PDFDU�VL�)HUJLH�vQ�0DVLQD"����&H�FDGRX�YD�SULPLW�)HUJLH�GH�&UDFLXQ�GLQ�SDUWHD�UHJLQHL�PDPH"5�2�H[FXUVLH�GH�OX[�OD�3DULV�FX�XQ�GLQHX�vQ�+RWHOXO�5LW]�������'H�FH�D�IRVW�DVD�VXSDUDW�SULQWXO�&KDUOHV"5�&DOXO�VDX�D�WUHEXLW�RPRUkW��$YHD�FHYD�FX�XQ�DUDE�������&H�VH�VFRDWH�PDL�JUHX�FD�SHWHOH�GH�FDIHD�GLQ�FRYRU"5�'LDQD�GLQ�ERUGXO�PDVLQLL�������&H�L�D�]LV�'RGL�WDWDOXL�VDX"5��,P�JLQJ�WR�',H�����&DUH�D�IRVW�XOWLPXO�FXYkQW�DO�'LDQHL"5��&KHHVH����6H�VSXQH�FD�'LDQD�DU�IL�YUXW�VD�vQFHDSD�R�FDULHUD�PX]LFDO�VL�VD�ODQVH]H�XQ�FkWHF�FX�WLWOXO��,P�D�'2',�JLUO�

Page 251: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����&H�L�D�WUHFXW�'LDQHL�SULQ�FDS�vQ�FOLSD�PRUWLL"5�%RUGXO�0HUFHGHVXOXL�������6WLDWL�FD�OXL�-RH�&RFNHU�L�D�IRVW�RIHULW�XQ�QRX�ORF�GH�PXQFD"5�6RIHU�DO�FDVHL�UHJDOH�D�$QJOLHL�������6WLWL�FLQH�H�UH]HUYD�OXL�-RH�&RFNHU�vQ�FD]�GH�ERDOD"5�'DQ�6SDWDUX�������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�/DG\�'L�VL�PHWURX"5�0HWURXO�PDL�LDVD�GLQ�WXQHO�����&DUH�H�FXYkQWXO�FDUH�DU�IL�SXWXW�VDOYD�YLDWD�'LDQHL"5�7$;,�����$WL�DX]LW�FD�'LDQD�DU�IL�DYXW�$,'6"5�$XWRPRELOH�,PSDFWHG�'LDQD�6SHQFHU������6DX��$WL�DX]LW�FD�'LDQD�DU�IL�DYXW�$,'6"5�$QRWKHU�,GLRW�'ULYHU�6PDVKHG�������$WL�YD]XW�]LGXO�GH�FDUH�V�D�ORYLW�0HUFHGHVXO�'LDQHL"5�1LFL�PDFDU�HD�QX�O�D�YD]XW�������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�PXVFD�VL�SULQWHVD�'LDQD"5�0XVFD�VH�ORYHVWH�GH�SDUEUL]�SH�SDUWHD�GH�GLQ�DIDUD�������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�QRXO�VLQJOH�DO�JUXSXOXL�%DQJOHV"5��'LHG�OLNH�DQ�HJ\SWLDQ�����&DUH�H�OD�RUD�DFWXDOD�FHD�PLD�EXQD�PDVLQD�GLQ�OXPH"5�)LDW�8QR��$�UHXVLW�OD�SURED�WXQHOXOXL�PDL�ELQH�GHFkW�0HUFHGHVXO�&ODVD�(��������&H�DU�WUHEXL�VD�L�VH�GDUXLDVFD�XQHL�SULQWHVH�FDUH�DUH�GH�WRDWH"5�2�FHQWXUD�GH�VLJXUDQWD�VL�XQ�DLUEDJ�������&H�L�D�]LV�6IkQWXO�3HWUH�'LDQHL�OD�SRDUWD�UDLXOXL"5�6WHUJHWL�YD�VWHDXD�DVWD��0HUFHGHV��RULELOD�GH�SH�IDWD�������6WLDWD�FD�/DG\�'L�VXIHUHD�GH�306"5�3XOYHULVHG�0HUFHGHV�6\QGURPH�����$WL�DX]LW�GH�IX]LXQHD�GLQWUH�1LNH�VL�0HUFHGHV"5�1RXO�VORJDQ�YD�IL���-XVW�'L�LW������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�0HUFHGHV�VL�XQ�3RUVFKH"5�3H�'LDQD�QX�R�VD�R�YHGHWL�QLFLRGDWD�PRDUWD�vQWU�XQ�3RUVFKH����&H�L�D�]LV�'RGL�VRIHUXOXL"5��'ULYH�PH�DQG�'L�����'RFWRULL�DU�IL�SXWXW�VDOYD�YLDWD�'LDQHL��'DU�GLQ�SDFDWH�QX�DX�DYXW�SLHVH�GH�VFKLPE�SHQWUX�R�SULQWHVD�PRGHO�����������%RG\JXDUG�XO�'LDQHL�VH�WUH]HVWH�vQ�VSLWDO�VL�vQWUHDED�GRFWRUXO�XQGH�HVWH�VL�FH�FDXWD�DFROR��'RFWRUXO�vL�VSXQH�FD�D�DYXW�XQDFFLGHQW�FXPSOLW�FX�PDVLQD��FD�D�VFDSDW�FD�SULQ�PLQXQH�VL�FD�D�VWDW�vQ�FRPD���VDSWDPkQL��6L�FXP�vL�PHUJH�VRIHUXOXL"�PDL�vQWUHDED�HO��(�PRUW�vL�VSXQH�GRFWRUXO��'DU�'RGL"�6L�HO�H�PRUW��'RDPQH�'XPQH]HXOH��'DU�'LDQD"�&XP�vL�PHUJH�'LDQHL"�6L�HD�D PXULW��vL�VSXQH�WULVW�GRFWRUXO�

Page 252: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�6L�FH�V�D�PDL�vQWkPSODW�vQ�FHOH�VDVH�VDSWDPkQL�GH�FkQG�VWDX�vQ�FRPD"�6WLL�D�PXULW�VL�0DPD�7HUH]D��)XFN��5HFXQRVF�FD�DP�IRVW�FX�WRWLL�PXWL�GH�EHWL��GDU�FkQG�DP�OXDW�R�VL�SH�DVWD�vQ�PDVLQD�QX�PDL�vPL�DGXF�DPLQWH����%DQFXUL�FX�6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH��2GDWD��vO�DWDFDX�WXUFLL�SH�6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH��$VWD��FDQG�vL�YHGH�FD�VH�DSURSLH��VH�VXLH�SH�R�PRWRFLFOHWD��vVL�LD�R�PLWUDOLHUD�VL�GDLDPD�SULQ�HL�ÌL�RPRDUD�SH�WRWL���$� GRXD� ]L�� WXUFLL� DWDFD� GLQ� QRX��&kQG� YHGH� DVWD�� 6WHIDQ� vQFDOHFD� SH�XQ�+DUOH\�'DYLGVRQ�� vVL� LD� ��PLWUDOLHUH�� FkWH� XQD� LQILHFDUH�PkQD�VL�L�RPRDUD�LDUDVL�SH�WRWL�&kQG�YDG�WXUFLL�DVWD��VH�GXF�OD�PDPD�OXL�6WHIDQ��6WLWL��ILXO�GYV��QH�EDWH�vQ�ILHFDUH�]L��1X�SXWHWL�VD�YRUELWL�VL�GYV��FX�HO�V�R�ODVH�PDL�PRDOH�"�0$�VD�SURPLWH�FD�R�VD�YRUEHDVFD�'XSD�vQFD�R�]L��YDG�WXUFLL�FD�6WHIDQ�QX�PDL�LHVH�SH�PRWRFLFOHWD��%XFXULH�PDUH��HWF��GDU�QX�DWDFD�vQFD��YRU�VD�ILH�VLJXUL��'XSDvQFD�R�]L��WRW�OLQLVWH�$�WUHLD�]L��vVL�LDX�WXUFLL�LQLPD�Q�GLQWL�VL�VH�DSURSLH�GH�FHWDWH�VD�DWDFH�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��DSDUH�6WHIDQ�SH�+�'��FX�PLWUDOLHUHOH�vQ�PkQD��+D��DWL�OXDW�SODVD�FD�PDPD�QX�L�DFDVD�����(UD�SH�YUHPHD�FkQG�VH�SRWFRYHD������%/$��%/$��%/$��HUD�SH�YUHPHD�OX�6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH��FkQG�DMXQJ�WXUFLL�VL�SHVWH�HO���6LYLQH�OD�0DULD�6D��XQ�DQJDMDW�GH�DO�VDX��6WHIDQH��6WHIDQH��DX�LQWUDW�WXUFLL�vQ�WDUD��H�XUJLH����1X�L�QLPLF��FkWL�VXQW�"��������0DULD�7D����6L�QRL�"�����������%LQH��DGX�PL�DUPXUD�VL�PDQWDXD�FHD�URVLH�����'D�GH�FH�PDQWDXD�URVLH�"��3DL�GDFD�PD�UDQHVF��VD�QX�YDGD�RVWHQLL�VkQJH�OD�PLQH�VL�VD�OXSWH�PDL�GHSDUWH��=LV��IDFXW��&kVWLJD�DL�QRVWULL�VL�YLQ�SHVWH�XQ�DQ�LDU�WXUFLL�����0DULD�7D��%/$��%/$��%/$������1X�L�QLPLF��FkWL�VXQW�"������������6L�QRL�"��3DL�DP�PDL�UDPDV�YR������������GH�XQGH�FRQFOX]LD�FD�HL�VH�VL�vQPXOWHDX�PDL�UHSHGH�����%LQH��DGX�PL�DUPXUD��SHOHULQD�URVLH�VL�SDQWDORQLL�PHL�0$52������ÌQWU�R�EDWDOLH��SH�6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�vO�FDP�GRYHGHDX�WXUFLL��3L�FDL��PROGRYHQLL�PHL��GD�UHWUDJHUHD�PDULD�VD���1�DYHP�FDL��0DULD�7D���$WXQFL��SL�FXUkQG��YRLQLFLL�PHL����6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�VL�6IkQW���XPEOD�FX�YRLQLFLL�GXSD�HO��8QGHYD��vQ�IDWD��SH�R�SLDWUD��YDG�XQ�RP��,D�GX�WH�YRLQLVH��YH]L�VH�L�FX�RPX�VHOD��6H�GXFH�RVWDVXO��VH�QWRDUFH��0DULD�7D��RPX�VHOD�L�XQ�QHDPW���$VD"�$WXQVL�ORFX�LVWD�VD�VH�FKHPH�3LDWUD�1HDPW��0DL�PHUJ�HL�FH�PHUJ��YDG�LDU�XQ�RP�VWkQG�MRV��SH�R�SLDWUD��$OHDUJD��YRLQLVH��VL�YH]L�����(�WRW�XQ�QHDPW��0DULD�7D����$VD"�$VHVW�ORF�VD�VH�FKHPH�GH�DPX�3LDWUD�1HDPW���0DULD�7D��DWL�PDL�QXPLW�DFROR��PDL�vQ�VSDWH��XQ�ORF��3LDWUD�1HDPW���$VD"�$WXQFL�VD�VH�FKHPH�6LPOHXO�6LOYDQLHL����7XUFLL�JUDPDGD��SDUODPHQWD]D��PkLQH�OD������R�SXQHP�6WHIDQ�VWUkQJH�SODLHVLL��2VWHQLL�PHL�GXSL�FXP�VWLWL�GLVHDUD�HVWH�]LXD�PDPXFKLL��GDUD�EHWL�PROFRP�FD�PkQL�H�EDWDOLH�JUR]DYD�FX�WXUFLL��DP�YRUELW�GHMDFX�GkQVLL��

Page 253: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

'LPLQHDWD�OD�FLQFL�LQ�WRW�FDVWHOXO�DEXULL�GHQVL�DL�EHWLHL�HWF��HWF�/D������WXUFLL�DOLQLDWL�LQ�IDWD�FDVWHOXOXL�vQFHS�VD�EDWD�LPSDFLHQWDWL�GLQ�SLFLRU�$SDUH�6WHIDQ�OD�IHUHDVWUD��WUDJH�DHU�vQ�SLHSW��0XLHHHHH��$OWD�GHOHJDWLH�D�WXUFLORU��GXSD�FLRUED�GH�EXUWD��VH�VWDELOHVWH�IHUP�FD�EDWDOLD�VD�DLED�ORF�PkLQH��D�IRVW�R�VLWXDWLH�VSHFLDOD��WXUFLLILQXWL�DX�vQWHOHV��5DPkQH�OD������ÌQ� FHWDWH�� FX� VXIODWXO� LQ� OXPkQDUL�� XOWLPHOH� UHVWXUL�� GLPLQHDWD� WRWL� PROGRYHQLL� vPSXVFDWL� vQ� KDULSD�� ������ EDWDL� GLQ� SLFLRU�6WHIDQ�OD�IHUDVWUD��0XLHHHHHHH���&RQVLOLX�GH�UD]ERL�vQ�WDEDUD�WXUFHDVD��GH]EDWHUL�VL�VROXWLD�&LQG�DSDUH�6WHIDQ�OD�IHUHDVWUD�WRWL�WXUFL�LQWU�XQ�JODV�VD�VWULJH�PXLH��=LV�VL�IDFXW��1RXD�VL�FHYD��VFkUW�VH�GHVFKLGH�IHUHDVWUD��FLRSRU�GH�WXUFL�LQWU�XQ�JODV��0XLHHHHHHH��6WHIDQ�WUDJH�DHU�vQ�SLHSW��9LQHHHHH�����6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�DYHD�XQ�FDO�6L�FDOXO�QX�DYHD�QLPLF�vPSRWULYD���6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�VWDWHD�LQ�VDOD�PDUH�D�SDODWXOXL�VL�VH�XLWD�OD�YLGHR�8Q�ILOP�PHVHULDV�FX�9DQ�'DPPH�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�LQWUD�DSURGXO�3XULFH�FD�R�YLMHOLH�LQ�VDOD�VL�VSXQH�SH�QHUDVXIODWH��0DULD�7D�D�LQWUDW�WXUFXO�LQ�WDUD���6XQW�PXOWL�"��LQWUHDED�6WHIDQ��&kWD�IUXQ]D�FkWD�LDUED��0DULD�7D����'H�XQGH�QDLED�IDFHP�URVW�GH�DWkWHD�VFDXQH��DSURDGH�3XULFH�����6WHIDQ�FHO�PDUH�XPEOD�FX�YRLQLFLL�GXSD�HO�SULQ�7DUD�0ROGRYLL�7UHFkQG�SH�OkQJD�XQ�ODQ�GH�JUkX�DXG�R�YRFH�GXPQH]HLDVFD�FH�FkQWD�GH�VH�RSUHD� LQ� ORF�DSD� L]YRDUHORU� VL�DPXWHDX�SDVDULOHFkPSXOXL�6WHIDQ�VH�LQGUHSWD�VSUH�ORFXO�FX�SULFLQD��SULQ�JUkXO�LQDOW�FkW�RPXO�VL�]DUL�XQ�SUXQF�FD�GH�YUHR�]HFH�DQL�FH�FkQWD�FX�DWkWD�IRF��&XP�WH�FKHDPD�SUXQFXOH�"���vQWUHED�6WHIDQ��*LFD�3HWUHVFX��0DULD�7D����6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�DGXQDVH�RDVWHD�vQ�YHGHUHD�XQHL�EDWDOLL�FX�WXUFLL�&D�GH�RELFHL�vVL�vPEDUEDWHD]D�VXSXVL�VL�WHUPLQkQG�FXYkQWDUHD�VWULJD�GH�UDVXQD�YDOHD��ÌQFDOHFDWL��PROGRYHQLL�PHL���&D�XQ�WXQHW�UDVSXQG�UD]HVLL��ÌQFDOHFDP��0DULD�7D��'XSD�FH�]GUREHVF�ELQH�RDVWHD�WXUFHDVFD�VH�vQWkOQHVF�FX�WRWLL�OD�ORFXO�GH�DGXQDUH�VL6WHIDQ�SRUXQFHVWH��'HVFDOHFDWL��RVWHQLL�PHL����'HVFDOHFDP��0DULD�7D�'HVFDOHFkQG�6WHIDQ�]DUHVWH�vQWU�XQ�WXILV�XQ�SDFKHW�GH�ELVFXLWL�&LWLQG�FX�DWHQWLH�HWLFKHWD��SXWLQ�QHGXPHULW��ULGLFD�SDFKHWXO�GH�ELVFXLWL�VSXQkQG��%LVFXLWL��RVWHQLL�PHL����%LVFXLP��0DULD�7D����9UkQG�VD�QLPLFHDVFD�VL�XOWLPHOH�UDPDVLWH�DOH�RVWLL�RWRPDQH�6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�SOHDFD�LQ�XUPDULUH�FX�RDVWHD�VD�$MXQJ�DWIHO�SH�PHOHDJXUL�GREURJHQH��OD�0DUHD�FHD�0DUH��VL�PDL�H[DFW�OD�&RVWLQHVWL�OkQJD�2EHOLVF�6WHIDQ�SULYHVWH�PRQXPHQWXO�GLQ�IDWD�VD�VSXQkQG��2EHOLVF��RVWHQLL�PHL����2�EHOLP��0DULD�7D�����6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�D�vQFHUFDW�VD�L�IDFD�SH�WRWL�PROGRYHQLL�]LPEULL�GDU�D�PXULW�SUHD�UHSHGH�VL�L�D�DGXV�GRDU�OD�VWDGLXO�GH�ERL����6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�FRQYRDFD�ERLHULL�OD�R�VHGLQWD��%RLHUL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�WUHEXLH�VD� WUHFHP� OD�HFRQRPLL�VHYHUH��FKHOWXLP�SUHD�PXOW� FX�DVFXWLWXO� VDELLORU�� GH�DPX�SURSXQ� VD�LWDLHP�SH�WXUFL�vQ�WUHL�VD�QX�L�PDL�WDLHP�LQ�SDWUX��'D�GL�VH�VD�IDVHP�HFRQRPLL�0DULD�WD"�'LQ�FDX]D�GDWRULLORU�H[WHUQH�3HVWH�YUHR�OXQD�LDU�VHGLQWD�WXUFLL�VD�ILH�WDLDWL�QXPDL�vQ�GRXD��SHQWUX�HFRQRPLH�FX�DVFXWLWXO�VDELLORU��'DGL�VH�0DULD�7D"�9�DP�VSXV�'LQ�SULVLQD�GDWRULLORU�H[WHUQH�

Page 254: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

$OWD�VHGLQWD�WXUFLL�VD�ILH�GH�DPX�QXPDL�vQWHSDWL�SXWLQ�VDELD�VD�ILH�WUDVD�XVXUHO����'DVH�V�GDWRULLOH�DLHVWHD�H[WHUQH�0DULD�7D"�$SRL��ERLHUL� GXPQHDYRDVWUD�� GDWRULLOH� H[WHUQH� QX� VLQW� DOH�PHOH�� QX� VXQW� DOH� QRDVWUH�� FL� DOH� XUPDVLORU� XUPDVLORU� QRVWUL�� vQYHDFXO�YHDFXULORU����6HIDQ�FHO�0DUH���9RLQLFH�*UR]HD���XQGH�L�GXVPDQXO""�ÌQ�VWDQJD��vQ�VSDWH��VL�Q�GUHDSWD�0DULD�7D��$WXQFL�����vQDLQWHHHH������6XEMHFW��6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�OD�9DVOXL����'H�FH�D�VWULJDW�6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�OD�EDWDOLD�GH�OD�9DVOXL��,QDLQWHHHHHH��"�3HQWUX�FD�HUD�FX�VSDWHOH�OD�WXUFL����2GDWD��SH�YUHPHD�OXL�6WHIDQ��WXUFLL�DWDFD�WDUD��9LQH�XQ�VROGDW�OD�6WHIDQ�F�R�VDJHDWD�vQILSWD�Q�QDV��DELD�VXIOkQG�VL�L�VSXQH��6WHIDQH��6WHIDQH�WXUFLL�VXQW�SH�GHDOXO�GH�ODQJD�FHWDWH�����%LQH�PD��]LFH�6WHIDQ�VL�vQILQJH�XQ�VWHDJ�vQ�SDPkQW��IkO�IkO���IkO�IkO��IkO�IkO��'XSD�R�EXFDW�GH�YUHPH��LDU�YLQH�VROGDWXO��FX�GRXD�VDJHWL�vQILSWH�Q�QDV�JkIkLQG�VL�]LFH��6WHIDQH��6WHIDQH��WXUFLL�VXQW�OD������P�GH�FHWDWH��%LQH�PD��]LFH�6WHIDQ�VL�LDU�vQILQJH�QLVWH�VWHDJXUL�vQ�SDPDQW��IkO�IkO��IkO�IkO��IkO�IkO��0DL�WUHFH�FHYD�WLPS�VL�LDU�DSDUH�VROGDWXO�FX�WUHL�VDJHWL�vQ�QDV��UDQLW�GH�PRDUWH��FODWLQkQGX�VH�VL�VSXQH�VXSDUDW��%DL�6WHIDQH��FKLDU�DVD"�7XUFLL�PDL�DX�SXWLQ�VL�LQWUD�vQ�FHWDWH�VL�WX�VWDL�GHJHDED"�)D�VL�WX�FHYD��6WHIDQ�PDL�vQILQJH�QLVWH�VWHDJXUL��IkO�IkO��IkO�IkO��IkO�IkO��]LFkQG��0L�VH�IkOIkLH����6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�WLQH�FXYkQWDUH�UD]HVLORU�vQDLQWH�GH�R�OXSWD�FX�WXUFLL��5D]HVL��PkLQH�OD�RUHOH������DP�DYHP�OXSWD�FX�WXUFX��DVD�FD�VD�YDQLWL�WRWL�FX�VDELL��IXUFL��FRDVH�VL�FH�PDL�DYHWL�SH�DFDVD�FD�VDWLQHP�SLHSW�GXVPDQXOXL�%D��GD�VD�YHQLWL��F�DP�YRUELW�FX�RDPHQLL�DLD����9DULDQWD�6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�vL�VWUvQJH�SH�RVWHQL�vQDLQWH�GH�EDWDOLD�GH�OD�3RGXO�ÌQDOW�VL�OH�VSXQH���%D��QHQRURFLWLORU��VD�QX�GHD�GUDFX�VD�YD�PEDWDWL�vQ�VHDUD�DVWD�FD�SRUFLL�VL�VD�QX�ILWL�PkLQH�OD���SH�FkPSXO�GH�EDWDLH��VD�QHIDFHP�GH�FDFDW�IDWD�GH�RDPHQLL�DLD������9LQ�WXUFLL��6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�vVL�VWUkQJH�RVWHQLL��vL�DVWHDSWD�vQ�SDGXUH�VL�vL�EDWH�GH�VH�FDFD�SH�HL�'XSD�XQ�WLPS�YLQ�WXUFLL�LDU��7XUFLL��SDWLWL��vL�DVWHDSWD�SH�PROGRYHQL�vQ�SDGXUH�VL�vL�EDW�GH�VH�FDFD�SH�HL�$�GRXD�]L�YLQH�SDGXUDUX��%D��ILU�DWL�DL�GUDFX��FDUH�PL�DWL�FDFDW�SDGXUHD"���6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH��GXSD�R�EDWDOLH�FUkQFHQD��UHXVHVWH�VD�VFDSH�FX�YLDWD��vPSUHXQD�FX�XQ�PLF�JUXS�GH�RVWHQL��3H�XUPHOH�ORURDVWHD�RWRPDQD��FkWD�IUXQ]D�VL�LDUED�ÌQ�GHSDUWDUH�VH�YHGH�R�SDGXUH��6WHIDQ��ÌQ�SDGXUH�&kQG�DMXQJ�vQ�SDGXUH��6WHIDQ�FRPDQGD��7RDWD�OXPHD�VXV�vQ�FRSDFL�3HVWH�R�OHDFD�GH�YUHPH��RVWHQLL�vQ�FRSDFL��DJDWDWL�GH�FUDFL��vQFHS�VD�VH�QHOLQLVWHDVFD��6D�PDL�VWDP�DVD��0DULD�7D"��0DL�VWDWL�PD��FD�DELD�DFXP�vQWUD�WXUFLL�vQ�SDGXUH�3HVWH�XQ�WLPS��LDUD��6D�PDL�VWDP��0DULD�7D"�0DL�VWDWL��PDL�VWDWL�FD�DFXPD�WUHF�SH�VXE�QRL��'D��0DULD�7D�����GDU�PDFDU�FDLL�SXWHP�VD�L�ODVDP�MRV"����9DULDQWD�6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH�VL�3UHGD�IXJHDX�GH�WXUFL��$MXQJ�LQWU�R�SDGXUH��]LFH�3UHGD��0DULD�7D��QH�DMXQJ�WXUFLL�GLQ�XUPD��KDL�VD�QH�VXLP�LQ�FRSDFL�6H�XUFD�HL�LQWU�XQ�FRSDF��GXSD�FDWHYD�PLQXWH�WUHF�WXUFLL�SH�VXE�HL��FDXWD�SULQ�WXILVXUL��WUHF�PDL�GHSDUWH��=LFH�6WHIDQ��3UHGR��HX�QX�PDL�SRW��vPL�GDX�GUXPXO��0DULD�7D��QX�vWL�GD�GUXPXO��WH�SULQG�WXUFLL�0DULD�7D���0DL�WUHFH�R�RUD��WXUFLL�SH�VXE�HL�vL�FDXWDX�GH�]RU��=LFH�6WHIDQ��%D��3UHGR��ED�DP�RERVLW��vPL�GDX�GUXPXO��0DULD�7D��QX�vWL�GD�GUXPXO��WH�SULQG�WXUFLL��UDPkQH�WDUD�IDUD�GRPQLWRU��QX�VH�SRDWH�0DULD�7D���

Page 255: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�%LQH�3UHGR��ELQH�0DL�WUHFH�R�RUD�WXUFLL�SH�VXE�HL�JUDPDGD��3UHGR��DVWD�D�IRVW��HX�vPL�GDX�GUXPXO��0DULD�7D��DL�PLOD�GH�QRL��QX�QH�ODVD�SUDGD�WXUFLORU��IDUD�0DULD�7D�VH�GXFH�WDUD�GH�UkSD����%LQH�PD�3UHGR��GD�PDFDU�OD�FDO�SRW�VD�L�GDX�GUXPXO"���6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH���YD]kQG�FD�WDUD�L�vQ�SULPHMGLH�VH�VFRDOD�GLQ�PRUPkQW�VL�ODQVHD]D�DSHOXO��8QGH�VXQWHWL�YRL��UD]HVLL�PHL"6L�FHL�FKHPDWL�UDVSXQG��ÌQ�$UGHDO��PDULD�WD�%DQFXUL�FX�6WHYLH�:RQGHU��Ì�&H�H�QHJUX�VL�VH�ORYHVWH�vQWUXQD�GH�SLDQ"5�6WHYLH�:RQGHU�����Ì�&H�H�QHJUX��PHUJH�SULQ�SDGXUH�GLQ�SRP�vQ�SRP"5�6WHYLH�:RQGHU�����9DULDQWD�Ì�&H�H�QHJUX�VL�PHUJH�SULQ�SDGXUH�GkQG�VL�FX�FDSXO�GH�FRSDFL"5�6WHYLH�:RQGHU�OD�XQ�FRQFXUV�GH�RULHQWDUH�WXULVWLFD�����Ì�$WL�YD]XW�QRXO�YLGHR�FOLS�FX�6WHYLH�:RQGHU"5�1LFL�HO�����Ì�'H�FH�VL�D�FRQFHGLDW�6WHYLH�:RQGHU�PDQDJHUXO"5�/�D�DVH]DW�SH�VFHQD��FX�VSDWHOH�OD�SXEOLF�����Ì�&H�H�UDXWDFLRV"5�6D�O�WULPLWL�SH�6WHYLH�:RQGHU�OD�FLQHPD�����Ì�&H�H�GHRVHELW�GH�UDXWDFLRV"5�)LOPXO�OD�FDUH�O�DL�WULPLV�SH�6WHYLH�:RQGHU�VD�ILH�XQXO�PXW�����Ì�$WL�YD]XW�R�YUHRGDWD�SH�QHYDVWD�OXL�6WHYLH�:RQGHU"5�1X�L�QLPLF��1LFL�HO�����Ì�&XP�D�IRVW�6WHYLH�:RQGHU�SHGHSVLW�GH�SDULQWL�GDFD�HUD�QHDVFXOWDWRU"5�$X�PXWDW�PRELOD�vQ�ORFXLQWD������8Q�FLWDW�GLQ�6WHYLH�:RQGHU��0DL�ELQH�RUE�GHFkW�QHJUX�������Ì�&XP�YD�PXUL�6WHYLH�:RQGHU"5�9D�FLWL�SkQD�OD�PRDUWH�WDSHWXO�FX�PRGHOH�vQ�UHOLHI�GLQ�FDPHUD�VD������6WHYLH�:RQGHU�VWD�SH�R�EDQFD�vQ�SDUF��8Q�WLS�VH�DVHD]D�SH�EDQFD�OkQJD�HO�VL�VWUDQXWD��/D�DVWD�6WHYLH��'HVID�PL��WH�URJ��VL�PLH�R�EHUH������Ì�'H�FH�VXUkGH�6WHYLH�:RQGHU�WRW�WLPSXO��FkQG�FkQWD"5�3HQWUX�FD�QX�VWLH�FD�H�RUE�������Ì�'H�FH�vVL�PLVFD�6WHYLH�:RQGHU�FDSXO�vQ�VWkQJD�VL�vQ�GUHDSWD�vQ�WLPS�FH�FkQWD"5�&UHGH�FD�FLWHVWH�SDUWLWXULOH������6WHYLH�:RQGHU�VL�-DFN�1LFNODXV��FHOHEUXO�MXFDWRU�GH�JROI��VWDX�vQWU�XQ�EDU��1LFNODXV�VL�vQWRUFH�FDWUH�6WHYLH�VL�vQWUHDED��6L�FXP�vWL�PDL�PHUJH�FDULHUH"�1X�L�UDX�GHORF��8OWLPXO�DOEXP�DO�PHX�D�DMXQV�vQ�7RS����VL�HX�VXQW�GH�SDUHUH�FD�DUH�VDQVH�VD�PDL�XUFH��'DU�WLH�FXP�vWL�PHUJHFX�JROIXO"1LFNODXV�]LFH�

Page 256: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�1X�L�UDX�GH�ORF��1X�PDL�FkVWLJ�DWkWLD�EDQL�FD�SH�YUHPXUL�GDU�vQFD�PDL�FkVWLJ�VXILFLHQW��0DL�DP�FHYD�SUREOHPH�FX�VSDWHOH�GDUVH�UH]ROYD��(X�vQWRWGHDXQD�FkQG�DP�SUREOHPH�FX�VSDWHOH�QX�PDL�MRF�R�YUHPH�VL�GXSD�R�SDX]D�MRF�LDUDVL�VL�vQFD�PDL�ELQH�FD�vQDLQWH����&H�VL�WX�MRFL�JROI"�vQWUHDED�XLPLW�1LNODXV��'D��GH�DQL�GH�]LOH��'DU�HX�VWLX�FD�HVWL�RUE��&XP�SRWL�MXFD�JROI�FkQG�HVWL�RUE"�)RDUWH�VLPSOX��]LFH�6WHYLH��SXQ�DMXWRUXO�PHX�VD�VWHD�OkQJD�JDXUD�VL�HO�PD�VWULJD�VL�WRW�DVD�ORYHVF�PLQJHD�SkQD�QLPHUHVFJDXUD��6L�FX�FH�DYDQWDM�MRFL�GH�RELFHL"�vQWUHDED�1LFNODXV��'H�OD�HJDO�OD�HJDO��1X�RELVQXLHVF�VD�SRUQHVF�FX�DYDQWDM�OD�MRF�1LFNODXV�H�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�XLPLW��$U�WHEXL�VD�IDFHP�XQ�MRF�RGDWD����6WLL�OXPHD�QX�PD�SUHD�LD�vQ�VHULRV��GDU�HX�MRF�GRDU�OD�SUHWXUL�GH�OD����������JDXUD�1LFNODXV�VH�JkQGHVWH�XQ�SLF�VL�]LFH��2N��PD�EDJ��FkQG�DL�YUHD�VD�MXFDP"�&kQG�YUHL��2ULFH�QRDSWH�VDSWDPkQD�DVWD���3RH]LRDUH&HDWD�QRDVWUD�FHD�IXGXOD*DVFD�QRDVWUD�FHD�IXGXOD��GXOD����$VH]DWDQ�FDS�GH��FH�PD"������PDVD&RQVXPD�PkQFDUHDOHDVD&RQVXPD�PkQFDUHDOHDVD%UkQ]D�DOED�FD�R�FRDOD��FRDOD����2�PDQkQFL�GH�WL�VH��FH�PD"������SDUH�&D�H�EXQDWDWH�PDUH�&D�H�EXQDWDWH�PDUH�0LWLWHL�FX�DUGHL�LXWH�&XP�PkQDQFL�vWL�YLQHD��FH�PD"������VSXQH�$K��FH�GH�EXFDWH�EXQH��$K��FH�GH�EXFDWH�EXQH��7XLFD�GH�3LWHVWL�EDODLH��ODLH����'H�WH�VFDUSLQD�OD��FH�PD"������OLPED�'LVSR]LWLD�WLR�VFKLPED�'LVSR]LWLD�WLR�VFKLPED�)ULSWXULFD�GH�ERERFL��RFL����&X�JDUQLWXUD�GH��FH�PD"������FHDSD'H�vWL�ODVD�JXUD�DSD�'H�vWL�ODVD�JXUD�DSD�0HUH��SHUH��FR]RQDFL���QDFL����6D�PkQDQFL�SkQD�WH��FH�PD"������FXOFL'HDWkWHD�EXFDWH�GXOFL�'HDWkWHD�EXFDWH�GXOFL�&XL�PHQLX�QD�SODFXW��FXW����$SDL�PXPD�OXL�VDL��FH�PD"������IDFD$OWFHYD�FDUH�VDL�SODFD�$OWFHYD�FDUH�VDL�SODFD�)DWD�PDPLL�VWD�SH�SULVSD��SULVSD����&X�PkQD�EDJDWD�Q��FH�PD"������RDOD6�R�VSHOH�SH�GLQDIDUD�6�R�VSHOH�SH�GLQDIDUD�

Page 257: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

)DWD�PDPLL�FHD�IXGXOD��GXOD����8PEOD�QRDSWHD�GXSD��FH�PD"������SHVWH&D�vQ�EDOWD�HL�QX�FUHVWH�&D�vQ�EDOWD�HL�QX�FUHVWH�%DLHWHOX�IDFH�EDLH��EDLH����6L�VH�VFDUSLQD�OD��FH�PD"������FHDID&D�HVWH�FDP�UHFH�Q�DSD�&D�HVWH�FDP�UHFH�Q�DSD�'RXD�EDEH�V�XQD�VOXWD��VOXWD����$X�SOHFDW�FD�VD�VH��FH�PD"������SOLPEH$HUXO�VD�vO�PDL�VFKLPEH$HUXO�VD�vO�PDL�VFKLPEH1�DX�IDFXW�QLFL�ELQH�XQ�WXU��WXU����/H�D�LQWUDW�R�WHDSD�Q��FH�PD"������JOH]QD&D�HUD�QWXQHULF�EH]QD&D�HUD�QWXQHULF�EH]QD%DODGD�VDGLFXOXL$IDUD�L�IULJ�VL�H�QQRUDW6L�Q�VRED�DUGH�PDPD�'H�OXVWUD�WDWD�L�VSkQ]XUDW�,DU�HX�PD�WDL�FX�ODPD����9DULDQWD�OD�SULPD�VWURID�$IDUD�L�IULJ��vQ�FDVD�L�FDOG&D�Q�VRED�DUGH�PDPD�'H�JULQGD�L�WDWD�VSkQ]XUDW�,DU�HX�PD�WDL�FX�ODPD�3H�MRV�VWDX�IUDWLL�PHL�vQWLQVL�6XQW�PRUWL�GH�R�VDSWDPkQD�ÌQ�SXWUHIDFWLH�DX�LQWUDW�'DU�QLPHQL�QX�L�DGXQD�$VFXQV�H�IUDWL�PLX�Q�GXODS�1X�L�SDVD�GH�QLPLFD�$UH�XQ�WRSRU�vQILSW�vQ�FDS6D�L�WLQD�FLSLOLFD�/XQJLW�H�PRVX�0LKX�Q�SRG&X�XQ�FXWLW�vQ�VSDWH�/�DP�XUPDULW�GH�OD�SDUWHU3H�YLDWD�VL�SH�PRDUWH�,DU�VRUD�PHD��FX�RFKLX�VFRV�6H�]EDWH�vQWU�R�ODGD�0DL�H�XQ�IUDWH�QWLQV�SH�MRV�6L�Q�VSDWH�DUH�R�EDUGD�,DU�XQFKLX�PLX�H�Q�GRUPLWRU�3LWLW�vQWU�R�YDOL]D�/HJDW�FX�GRXD�ILUH�OXQJL&H�GXF�GLUHFW�OD�SUL]D�6L�Q�IULJLGHU�H�FRQJHODWÌQ�SXQJL�GH�XQ�NLO�EXQLFX�

Page 258: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

'DU�HX�VXQW�PLF��QX�VWLX�QLPLF�'H�DELD�vPL�WDL�EXULFX��9DULDQWD�OD�VWURID�ÌQ�IULJLGHU�vQ�SXQJL�GH�XQ�NLO6WD�UHOD[DW�EXQLFXO�,DU GLQ�EXQLFD�DX�PDL�UDPDV8Q�GHJHW�VL�EXULFXO�%XQLFD�L�OkQJD�DUDJD]�&X�XQ�IXUWXQ�vQ�JXUD�6L�Q�MXUXO�HL�PLURDVH�D�JD]�6L�QX�D�SUDMLWXUD��9DULDQWD�OD�VWURID�ÌQ�EXFDWDULH��FX�XQ�IXUWXQ�vQ�JXUD=DFH�EXQLFD�SH�DUDJD]�ÌQ�MXUXO�HL�PLURDVH�D�JD]�,DU�HD�H�QXPDL�VSXPD8QFKLX�0DWHL�VWD�vQ�H[WD]�&X�RFKLL�OD�FRUQLVD�&X�XQ�SLFLRU�vQ�DUDJD]�6L�GHJHWHOH�Q�SUL]D����������������������������'RUPL�SXLXO�WDWLL�GRUPL&DFL�WDWD�WH�JD]HD]D�ÌWL�WDLH�FDSX�FX�Q�WRSRU�6�DSRL�WH�vPSDLD]D�-RDFD�FX�Q�JKHP=JkUkL�XQ�FRSLO�FX�FLREXO�SH�IDWD�(O�UkGH��VH�PLUD���FUHGH�FD�PDPD�O�UDVIDWD���6kQJHOH�L�FXUJH�GLQ�UDQLOH�DGkQFL�3H�IDWD�HO�DUH�YUHR�FLQFL�FLFDWULFL����ÌO�LDX�VL�vO�VSDO��$FLGXO���H�QRX�3URDVSDW�OXDW�$SRL�FX�R�FkUSD�VWHUJ�FH�D�UDPDV'LQ�ELHWXO�EDLDW���)HWLWD�VH�MRDFD3H�VLQD�GH�WUHQ�2�YDFD�DODWXUL6H�MRDFD�FX�Q�JKHP�/D�JHDP�PDPD�IHWLWHL2�VWULJD�GH�]RU�8Q�FkLQH�QHWUHEQLF2�QKDWD�GH�SLFLRU�'DU�HL�vL�SODFH����6L�SDUFD�DU�PDL�YUHD�'DU�VkQJHOH�FXUJH�VLURDLH�GLQ�HD���0DPD�IHWLWHL�WLSD�OD�FkLQH���'LQ�]DUH�XQ�WUHQ�DSDUH�VL�YLQH����6L�YLQH���VL�YLQH�����)HWLWD�L�]GURELWD�&kLQHOH�OD�IHO�2�YDFD��DODWXUL�

Page 259: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

6H�MRDFD�FX�Q�JKHP�7ULPLVD�GH�0HON�PHON#JPE�UR/XFHDIDUXO���$�IRVW�RGDWD�FD�Q�SRYHVWL$�IRVW�FD�QLFLRGDWD3H�OD�QHZVJURXSXUL�URPkQHVWL3RDWD�R�GUDJD�IDWD�,DUD�GH�WULVWD�FH�HUD&DFL�QX�DYHD�SHUHFKH8Q�NLO�GH�WXLFD�VL�FXPSDUD3H�]L�FD�VD�VH�PEHWH�6L�vPEDWkQGX�VH�YHGHD&XP�6W��%DVLO�DSDUH&X�FDOXO�VDX�DOE�FD�GH�QHD&X�RFKHODUL�GH�VRDUHÌO�YHGH�D]L��vO�YHGH�PkLQL$VWIHO�GRULQWD�L�JDWD(O�LDU�SRVWDW�GH�VDSWDPkQLÌL�FDGH�GUDJD�IDWD�&RERUL�vQ�MRV�%DVLO�FHO�6IkQW3OXWLQG�XVRU�FX�FDOXO3H�WLQH�WH�YUHDX�FHO�PDL�PXOW'D�PL�SODFH�V�DQLPDOXO��%DVLO�DWXQFHD�D�SRUQLW/D�VHIXO�OXL�FHO�PDUH&D�VD�L�DSUREH�vQ�VILUVLW(OHQHL�R�FKHPDUH�'DU�QX�DYX�SUHD�PXOW�VXFFHV&D�VHIXO�OXL�XUOD�/D�SURDVWD�DLD�GH�SH�1HW&KHPDUH�QX�VH�GD�6L�SHQWUX�FLQH�YUHL�VD�PRUL�",D�XLWD�WH�GH�DSURDSH2UL�QX�WL�DP�VSXV�GH�DWkWHD�RUL6D�QX�WH�OHJL�GH�PRDUWH"'H�YUHL�OD�OXPH�VD�DUDWL$�WDOH�EDUEDWLH0DL�ELQH�XPEOD�vQ�FKLORWL&D�PL�DU�SODFHD�VL�PLH6D�WL�VSXQ�FLQVWLW��FDP�GH�PXOW�WLPS7H�XUPDUHVF�vQ�WDLQD6L�WH�YLVH]�DGHVHRUL3H�WLQH�IDUD�KDLQDÌWL�GDX�FDWDUJ�OkQJD�FDWDUJ2VWHQL�FD�VD�WL�IDFL�RDVWH6L�DVWD�GRDU�FD�VD�PD�ODVL&X�VXOD�Q�D�WD�FRDVWH�

Page 260: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

ÌQ�ORFXO�OXL�PHQLW�GLQ�5DL6W��%DVLO�VH�vQWRDUVH'DU��GXSD�]LXD�FHD�GH�LHUL1X�L�PDL�DUGHD�GH�FLRDUVH�������������������������ÌQ�YUHPHD�DVWD�SH�SDPkQW)DFXVH�RXD�FORVFD,DUD�GLQWU�XQXO�D�LHVLW6WXGHQWXO�,RDQ�5RVFD6L�HUD�PLF�VL�]JULEXOLW&X�vQFOLQDUL�VSUH�PRDUWHÌQFD�GLQ�RXO�OXL�FORFLW'RUHD�R�DOWD�VRDUWH�&kQG�JkWXO�OXL�VH�QWLQVH�QFHW8Q�ERE�GH�JUkX�VD�PEXFH(OHQD�DSDUX�GLVFUHW6L�vVL�IDFX�R�FUXFH�6L�L�]LVH�QFHW�ÌQFD�GH�PLF�WH�SRWULYHVWL�FX�PLQH(X�DP�R�LQLPD�GH�DVFHW,DU�MDOHD�H�OD�WLQH6L�DWXQFL�SURSXQ��GHORF�IRUPDO�6D�PD�XQHVF�FX�WLQH&RUGRQXO�WDX�RPELOLFDO7H�YD�OHJD�GH�PLQH�,DUD�%DVLO�YHGHD�GH�VXV8LPLUH�Q�D�OXL�IDWD&kQG�HD�XQ�EUDW�SH�JkW�L�D�SXV6L�OXL�L�D�IRVW�EUXVF�JUHDWD�6L�DX�UDPDV�DVD�PXOW�WLPS'DU�JDWD�L�EXFXULD&D�,RDQ�5RVFD�H�WULPLV'LQ�QRX�vQ�5RPkQLD�$WXQFL�(OHQD�XUFD�Q�VXV3ULYLUHD�HL�FHD�WkPSD&DFL�EDXWXUD�VL�D�IDFXW/XFUDUHD�HL�DGkQFD�3H�6W��%DVLO�vO�YHGH�LDU3H�FDOXO�OXL�FHO�PDUH&DUH�L�VWkUQHVWH�LPHGLDW6LURDLH�GH�VXGRDUH�6L�O�FKHDPD�DGkQF��QHVDWLRV6RSWLQGX�L�YRUEH�VILQWH'DU�HO�H�vQFD�VRPQRURV6L�QX�PDL�LD�DPLQWH�6L�QWU�XQ�WkU]LX�UDVSXQGH�VFXUW5kQMLQG�FD�DQLPDOXO�&H�WL�SDVD�WLH�FKLS�GH�OXW'DF�RL�IL�HX�VDX�FDOXO"����

Page 261: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

1X�VWLX�FLQH�D�VFULV�R�GDU�H�EXQD�VL�FUHG�FD�D�DYXW�VL�XQ�VFRS�VDX�XQ�PRWLY�ELQH�QWHPHLDW�OD�PRPHQWXO�VFULHULL���3X LDGD$&78/�,'HPXOW��vQ�YUHPXUL�SUHD�vQGHSDUWDWH�&kQG�SX HOH�SUHD�UDU�HUDX�VFXODWH2DPHQLL�vQFD�QX�VWLDX�GHVWXOH6D�IDFD�FX�DOH�ORU�FLXGDWH�SX H�1X�FXQRVWHDX�GHFkW�YUHR�WUHL�SR]LWLL�6L�QX�IDFHDX�SUHD�PXOWH�H[KLELWLL�$WXQFL��]LFHDP��WUDLD�XQ�vPSDUDW&H�FX�QHYDVWD�VD�QX�SUHD�VWDWHD�SULQ�SDW�*kQGHD�HO���5RVWXO�YLHWLL�SH�DVWD�OXPH(�DVFXQV�vQ�DOH�FUHLHUXOXL�VSXPH�6XWH�GH�DQL�GH�DU�IL�VD�PDL�WUDLHVF(X�WRW�YRL�vQFHUFD�VD�vO�JDVHVF�&kW�GHVSUH�D�PHD�vPSDUDWHDVD�(�DGHYDUDW��HD�H�D�PHD�DOHDVD�'DU�SUHD�QX�VL�SXQH�SL GHL�R�PDVXUD�6L�PD�WRW�YUHD��VL�L�I W�VL�PRUWLL�Q�JXUD��,DU�HD�RIWD��VL�Q�DF�vQILJHD�DWD�6L�DVWIHO�SDVQLF�OL�VH�VFXUJHD�YLDWD��3H�SL GD�PD�VLL���]LVH�HD�QWU�R�]L��&KLDU�D]L�UDEGDUHD�PHD�VH�YD�VIkUVL�3DL�XQGH�JkWX�PD�VLL�HO�VH�FUHGH�1LFL�HX�OD�SX D�L�VD�QX�SRW�DFFHGH"2�VD�L�DUDW�FD�QX�VXQW�FKLDU�R�WXWD�ÌO�EDW�GDFD�QX�MXUD�VD�PD�IXWD��6L�VHDUD��FX�WRW�VkQJHOH�OD�FDS�,QWUD�OD�HO�VFRWkQGX�VL�XQ�FLRUDS��1X�PL�VSXL�QLFL�EXQD��PD��IX X�WH�Q�JXUD�7H�SRUWL�FD�XQ�WDUDQ�SH�DUDWXUD���0DL�WDFL�vQ�SL GD�PD�WLL��PDL�IHPHLH�&D�WRFPDL�vPL�YHQLVH�R�LGHH'HVSUH�SODQHWHOH�FH�Q�FHUFXUL�PLVFD���0D�QWUHE�FH�IHO�GH�YLHUPH�Q�FXU�WH�SLVFD�7X�RUL�HVWL�KRPR��RUL�HVWL�GH�EXUHWH�3URDVWD�D�IRVW�PD�WD�FD�D�YUXW�VD�IHWH�+DL���]LVH��GHYHQLQG�SXWLQ�EODMLQD�'kQGX�VL�MRV�IXVWD�GH�PDWDVH�ILQD��/D�PD�WD�Q�SL GD�VWLX��WH�VLPWL�PDL�ELQH�ÌQFHDUFD�vQVD�YLHWLL�SLHSW�GH�L�WLQH�1X�L�JUHX��vQ�PRUWLL�PD�VLL��H�R�MRDFD�7UHEXLH�GRDU�VD�PD�SDWUXQ]L�vQ�FORDFD�'DFD�YUHL��FKLDU�R�PkQD�SH�SLFLRU1X�H�SXWLQ�SHQWU�XQ�vQFHSDWRU�$VD�FD�QWLQGH�ODED������0DL�PXLHUH�8Q�OXFUX�JUHX�WH�KRWDUkVL�D�PL�FHUH���%DJD�VL�DU�SX D�Q�PD�WD�XQ�EDODXU�&D�HVWL�PDL�SURVW�GHFkW�XQ�GLQR]DXU�3XQH�PD�PkQD����1X�SXQ���3RF��vQ�FR LH�&�XQ�VXW�vPSDUDWHDVD�vO�vQGRDLH��$FXPD�YUHL"���'D��VWDL�SXWLQ��DVWHDSWD�1X�WH�VWLDP�FD�HVWL�DVD�GHVWHDSWD��6L�FH�VH�SHWUHFX�vQ�DFHD�QRDSWH1X�VH�PDL�VSXQH�DFXP�GHFkW�SULQ�VRDSWH���

Page 262: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

$&78/�,,1RXD�OXQL�GXSD�DVWD��vPSDUDWXO&�XQ�PDUH�UDFQHW�]JXGXL�SDODWXO�6OXJL��VHUYLWRUL��YHQLWL��ILU�DWL�DL�GUDFX�&D�DOWIHO�YLQ�VL�YD�VWUDSXQJ�FX�DFX��3H�ORF�VH�UHSH]LUD�WRWL�vQ�JUDED�=LFkQG���0DL��R�IL�UHQXQWDW�OD�ODED"�'DU�FkQG�VH�XLWD��OH�FDP�SLHUH�JUDLXO�(UD�XQ�FRSLO�PLF��IUXPRV�FD�5DLXO&XP�VL�O�LPDJLQHD]D�ILHFDUH�'DU�SXWD��YDOHX���FkW�HUD�GH�PDUH��$VWD�FX�SX D�V�D�QDVFXW��VH�YHGH�&D�DVWD�L�SXWD��FLQH�DU�SXWHD�FUHGH"��3H�FH�DP�PDL�VFXPS��PDULWH�vPSDUDWH�(�38 $�GLQWUH�DOHD�DGHYDUDWH���6D�PRDUD�PDPD�VL�WRW�QHDPX�PHX'DFD�QX�L�SX D��DWXQFL�SRSD�V�HX��'H�R�RUD�WRWL�PLQXQHD�R�SULYHDX6L�ODXGH�Q�FRQWLQXX�L�DGXFHDX�)RDUWH�QFkQWDW�GH�WLPSX �FH�V�D�VFXUV�$OWHWD�6D�WLQX�XQ�PLF�GLVFXUV��0DL�vQWkL�VL�OD�QFHSXW7LQ�FD�Q�JXUD�VD�YD�IXW�6L�QX�V�EXODQJLX�SUHD�PDUH�9D�SURPLW�HMDFXODUH�$WL�YD]XW�GH�FH�V�vQ�VWDUH�6H�FUHGH�YUHXQX�PDL�WDUH"��8UD��2Oq�UDFQLW�DX�WRWL�GHRGDWD'LQ�WRWL�WX�HVWL�FHO�PDL�DO�GUDFX�WDWD���1RL�O�DP�ERWH]DW�3XOLFD�7RWL�GH�HO�VD�SULQGD�IULFD)LLQFD�HO�YD�IL�XQ�GXU�6D�YD�IXW�SH�WRWL�vQ�FXU���2��SX H��VL�R��SL GH��FH�PLQXQH6H�SHWUHFX�Q�SDODWXO�DVWD��6SXQH7X�YkQWXOH��DL�PDL�YD]XW�YUHRGDWD8Q�EDLHWHO�FX�R�SX D�DVD�GH�ODWD"��'H�DU�IL�GRDU�ODWD��GDU�PDL�H�VL�OXQJD�3kQ�OD�SDPkQW�RGDWD�R�VD�L�DMXQJD���'H�QRXD]HFL�GH�DQL�WUDLHVF�SH�OXPH�'DU�GH�DVWHD�Q�DP�YD]XW�GHFkW�vQ�JOXPH��&H�SL GD�PD�VLL��OXPHD�QQHEXQLVH�&DFL�QLPHQL���QLPHQL�QX�VL�vQFKLSXLVH8Q�FRSLODV�FX�SXWD�FXP"�,PHQVD�0XOWLPHD�Q�MXUXO�OXL�ILLQG�SUHD�GHQVD'XSD�XQ�WLPS�D�IRVW�vPSUDVWLDWD�6L�YHVWHD�V�D�WUDQVPLV�vQ�WDUD�WRDWD�$&78/�,,,$X�WUHFXW�]LOH��VDSWDPkQL�GH�D�UkQGXO�7LPSX �]EXUD�PDL�UHSHGH�FD�JkQGXO�3X LFD�DO�QRVWUX�WDUH�PXOW�FUHVFXVH�&kW�XQXO�GH�FLQFL�DQL�HO�VH�IDFXVH

Page 263: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

&DP�vQ�YUHR�QRXD�OXQL�VL�MXPDWDWH�6L�vQWU�R�]L��FkQG�GHVHQD�SDWUDWH�ÌL�]LVH�PD�VLL���0DPD��XLWH��VWLX&XP�VD�FLWHVF��VD�GHVHQH]��VD�VFULX�0�DL�vQYDWDW�GH�WRDWH��UHFXQRVF�'DU�3, '$�HX�DV�YUHD�VD�R�FXQRVF��ÌPSDUDWHDVD�PDL�PDL�VD�OHVLQH�ÌL�VSXVH���0DL�FRSLOH��QX�WL�H�ELQH"'RDU�RDPHQLL��]LF��FHL�vQ�WRDWD�ILUHDÌVL�SRW�JDVL�vQ�SL GD�IHULFLUHD�(VWL�PLF��HVWL��FkW�VD�]LF��FkW�R�SDSXVD6L�vQFD�Q�R�VD�WL�GDX�GUXPXO�SH�XVD��3X LFD��DX]LQG��JkQGHD���%DJD�PL�DV3XWRDLD�Q�HD�GH�YLDWD�VL�FDFD�P�DV3H�HOH�GH�SDWUDWH�vPSXWLWH�&DLHWH��FDUWL"�(L�SX H�����&X�FXWLWH$�GRXD�]L�V�D�UHSH]LW�OD�HOH*kQGLQG�VD�OH�SUHIDFD�Q�EXFDWHOH�'DU�V�D�RSULW���ÌQFD�R�VDSWDPkQD6D�QYDW�QX�R�VD�PL�ILH�SHVWH�PkQD��$VWIHO�YUHR�VDSWH�]LOH�DX�PDL�WUHFXW�3X LFD�QFHDUFD�LDU���8Q�vQFHSXW6WLL��WUHEXLH�VD�DLED�RULFH�WUHDED�$VWD�SH�RULFLQH�GDFD�YUHL�vQWUHDED�$VD�FD��KDL��OD�SL GD�WX�PD�ODVD$OWIHO�VD�PRU�GDFD�QX�IXJ�GH�DFDVD���0DL�YLHUPH���vL�VWULJD�vPSDUDWHDVD��'H�DELD�QDVFXW��VL�QX�WL�PDL�SODFH�FDVDÌQ�FDUH�SULPD�RDUD�DL�SOkQV"�1X�WL�PHUJH�6D�VWLL��ÌQYDWD�QDVXO�FXP�VH�VWHUJH�6L�DSRL�VD�YLL�VD�PDL�YRUELP��$IDUD'H�QFHUFL�VD�LHVL��WH�VSLQWHF�FD�SH�R�ILDUD��6H�EDJD�VL�PSDUDWXO���0DL�3X LFD�2�SXWD�FD�D�WD�vQFD�L�SUHD�PLFD6L�QX�DL�SUHJDWLUHD�QHFHVDUD�6WLX�FD�WH�FUH]L�GHVWHSW�GLQ�FDOH�DIDUD�'DU�RULVLFLQH��SXWD�GRDU�VD�DLED�6L�SUHD�OHMHU�VD�L�WUHDFD�SULQWU�R�VDLED�6H�FUHGH�PDOGDU�GH�LQWHOLJHQWD�$VFXOWD�XQ�VIDW�GDW�FX�FRPSHWHQWD���'DU�WDWD��HX������1LFL�XQ�FXYkQW�vQ�SOXV�&H�DL�DX]LW�H�FH�DP�DYXW�GH�VSXV�$FXP�R�ODED�ID��VL�OD�FXOFDUH�6L�QX�XLWD�FD�QRL�vWL�GDP�PkQFDUH���9D�IXW�vQ�RFKL���OH�VSXVH�HO�vQ�JkQG�6L�Q�FDPHUD�OD�HO�LQWUD�SOkQJkQG��&UHGHWL�F�DVD�R�UH]ROYDWL�FX�PLQH"0L�V�D�VFXODW��VL�VD�YD�WLQHWL�ELQH��$&78/�,9ÌQ�FKLQ�VL�MDOH�PDL�WUHFX�R�OXQD�&LXGDW��SDUHD�FD�WRWXO�PHUJH�VWUXQD�3X LFD�HUD�YHVHO�VL�FXPLQWH6L�PXQFHD�PXOW�PDL�PXOW�FD�vQDLQWH�'DU�vQWU�R�QRDSWH�SH�VHVWDFKH�LHVH3H�JHDP���3X D�VD�PL�EDJ��DLFL�IXVHVH2�VFDUD��FLQH�SL GD�PD�VLL�D�OXDW�R"$K��GDUkPDWD�MRV�DFROR�L��LDW�R�(L��FDP�EHOLW�DP�SXWD�PHD�FHD�OXQJD�,HGHUD�QX�SUHD�FUHG�F�R�VD�PL�DMXQJD��

Page 264: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

(]LWD��GDU�YD]kQG�FXP�IULFD�PRDUHÌQFHSH�SH�SHUHWH�VD�FRERDUH�'DU�FkQG�DMXQVH�MRV��SH�QLVWH�SDLH�2�PkQD�WDUH�L�VH�QILSVH�Q�FRDLH��6WDL��QX�PLVFD��DX]L�HO�GLQ�XPEUD6L�vO�FXSULQVH�R�SUHVLPWLUH�VXPEUD�'DU�DGXQkQGX�VL�IRUWHOH�VH�QWRDUVH�&KLW�FD�VL�VLPWHD�HO�FRDLHOH�FDP�VWRDUVH�/D�GLVSHUDUH�UHSH]L�R�PkQD6L�GDGX�SHVWH�XQ�SDQWDORQ�GH�OkQD��+DL�VD�WH�YDG���VWULJD�HO�YHVHO�IRDUWH�6WUkQJkQG�VL�HO�OD�FRDLH�GLQWU�R�SDUWH�6WUkQJHD�VWUDLQXO�FD�XQ�OHX�FLRODQXO6DX�FXP�XQ�SUROHWDU�VWUkQJH�FLRFDQXO�'DU�QLFL�3X LFD�DO�QRVWUX�QX�VH�ODVD��(VWL�VODE��ED��$VWHD�V�FRDLH"�'X�WH�DFDVD���6�R�IXW�SH�PD�WD�FX�R�GDPLJHDQD���0kQFD�PL�DL�SX D��DQLPDO�FX�EODQD���ÌWL�IDF�GLQ�FRDLH�RXD�GH�IXUQLFD���&H�SL GD�PD�WLL��FUH]L�FD�vPL�H�IULFD"�$X]LQG�]JRPRW��VH�WUH]L�PSDUDWXO6D�YDGD�FH�VH�QWkPSOD�FX�SDODWXO�6H�XLWD�Q�MRV��FH�YHGH"�3X D�*URDVD�'LQ�WRWL�VOXJD�VD�FHD�PDL�FUHGLQFLRDVD�&X�DO�VDX�IHFLRU�HO�FUkQFHQ�VH�FRLHVWH��+HL��WX��vPSDUDWHDVD��LD�SULYHVWH��9LQH�VL�HD��6H�XLWD��IDVFLQDWD/D�IL�VX�FDUH��SHQWUX�QWkLD�GDWD$UDWD�F�DUH�QLVWH�VkQJH�Q�FRDLH��2SULWL���OH�VWULJD�HD���1X�YUHDX�EDWDLH�7X��3X D�*URDVD��PHUJL��YH]L�WL�GH�WUHDED�,DU�WX�DLFHD�VXV�VD�XUFL�GHJUDED��$PkQGRL�LPHGLDW�V�DX�FRPIRUPDW&X�RUGLQXO�SH�FDUH�HD�OD�GDW�3H�VFDUL��JkQGHD�3X LFD���/XD�P�DU�GUDFX�$P�OXDW�R�Q�PkQD�UDX��EDJD�PL�DV�FUDFX��'DU�FkQG�DMXQVH�VXV�H�OXDW�vQ�EUDWH�3XSDW�vQ�FXU�VL�VFDUSLQDW�SH�PDWH��&H�SX D�PHD�DYHWL"������3X LFD��VWLL�1RL�WRWGHDXQD�PXOW�WH�YRP�LXEL���1X�]DX"�%DJD�PL�DV�SX D�Q�YRL�GH�MDYUH�9HQLWL�OD�PLQH�FX�DVWIHO�GH�SDODYUH�����'DL�DGHYDUXO�JRO��ED��vQWHOHJH���&kQG�VkQJH�Q�SX D�R�VD�PL�VH�QFKHJH$WXQFL�R�VD�YD�FUHG�������(L��VWDL��DVWHDSWD�1X�WH�JUDEL�vQ�YRUED��QLFL�vQ�IDSWD�6L�PLH�PL�SLFD�YLVH�FkWHR�GDWD�6�R�IXW�SH�PD�WD�Q�SL GD�GH�DOWDGDWD�6D�VFKLPE�FX�IRUWD�PLQWLL�DO�YUHPLL�FXUV�6D�ILX�SXWHUQLF��VD�DP�PXVFKL�GH�XUV�6D�ILX�XQ�]PHX��VL�DSHOH�PDULQH6D�IDFD�YDOXUL�QXPDL�SHQWUX�PLQH�'DU�PD�FDOPH]��3ULYHVWH��YH]L�FXP�VWDP�&HHD�FH�YUHL��QRL�QX�SXWHP�VD�WL�GDP���1X�Y�DP�FHUXW�QLPLF��IX X�YD�Q�JXUD�&D�LDUD�PD�FDOFDWL�SH�EDWDWXUD�9UHDX�OLEHU�HX�VD�ILX��VL�DFROR�Q�RXW&H�vQFD�Q�DP�R�VD�PD�GXF�VD�FDXW��&HL�GRL�VWDSkQL�GLQ�RFKL�V�DX�vQWHOHV��(O�FKLDU�R�YUHD���������3X LFD��DL�DFFHVÌQ�VSDWLXO�FH�OD�QHVIkUVLW�VH�QWLQGH�6SUH�SL GD�DFROR�OLEHU�WX�YHL�WLQGH����

Page 265: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

$&78/�9$�GRXD�]L�vQ�WUkPELWH�VL�VXUOH�3X LFD��YHVHO��VH�JUDEL�VD�XUOH��&XUWHQL��YD�ODV�vQ�JULMD�SX LL�YRDVWUH�,DU�HX�FX�FDOXO��GHFL�QRL��GH�DOH�QRDVWUH1H�GXFHP�VD�YHGHP��9D�IXW�SH�WRWL$VD�FXP�VXQWHWL��XFLJDVL�VL�KRWL���7UDLDVFD�PD�WD���vL�VWULJDUD�GkQVLL7RW�UXPHJkQG�SH�DOH�ORU�vQWU�vQVLL��(UD�GH�WUHDED���VRSWL�XQXO���/DVD�1X�YH]L�FH�L�D�IDFXW�OXL�3X D�*URDVD"6L�DFXPD�PHUJH�FUDFDQDW�VDUDFX���0DQkQFL�FDFDW��&RL�/XQJ��VD�WH�LD�GUDFX���$FXP���]LVH�3X LFD���H�PRPHQWXO6D�QWRDUFHP�VkUPD�YLHWLL�FX�SDWHQWXO���/D�PXOWD�PXLH���vL�XUD�PSDUDWXO��,D�XLWD�WH�OD�HO��DULVWRFUDWXO��9RUEL�vPSDUDWHDVD���/DVkQG�JOXPD�ÌWL�VDGH�ELQH�Q�VD��PkQFD�WH�DU�FLXPD���9D�IXW�FX�GUDJ�SH�DPkQGRL���OH�VSXVH��8UD�VL�JUDED�PHD�vQ�YkQW�VXQW�GXVH��$VWIHO�]LFkQG�VH�UHSH]L�SH�SRDUWD�6LPWLQG�F�D�DSXFDW�SL GD�GH�WRDUWD�$&78/�9,6L�PHUVH�HO�FH�PHUVH��FDOH�OXQJD�3kQD�FDQG�JXUD�L�VH�IDFX�SXQJD��$K���]LVH���XLWH�DFROR�XQ�L]YRU�%DJD�PL�DV�SX D��R��VLPWHDP�FD�PRU��6L�QWLQVH�ERWX�Q�MRV��vQVD�GHRGDWD'LQ�DSD��OkQJD�HO�VDUL�R�IDWD��9LUJLQD�VXQW��VL�/RVWULWD�PD�FKHDPD�+DL�YLQR��vQGUD]QHVWH�IDUD�WHDPD��+DLQH�Q�DYHD��vQ�VFKLPE�XQ�FXU�VL�WkWH&D�VH�QWUHED�3X LFD���$P�WDUkWH3ULQ�FDS��VDX�SL GD�PD�VLL��GRDU�YLVH]"ÌQ�RULFH�FD]��vQWkL��VWDL�VD�P�DVH]�6D�FDOFXOH]�SUREOHPHOH�PDL�ELQH�&D�H�FHYD�Q�QHUJXOD�FX�PLQH���&H�PDL�DVWHSWL�DFXP"��vL�VWULJD�IDWD��1X�WL�LD�SUHD�PXOW��GRDU�VD�PD�IX L�VL�JDWD��3X LFD�WRW�JkQGHD���&HYD�QX�PHUJH�(�JkQGXO�FH�GLQ�FDS�QX�O�SXWHD�VWHUJH��1X�L�3, '$�HD��GDU�WRWXVL��FH�VH�QWkPSOD�&D�XLWH��SX D�PL�D�DMXQV�OD�WkPSOD�����%DJD�PL�DV�SX D���UDFQL�HO�VDOEDWLF�)DFkQG�VSUH�HD�XQ�VDOW�FDP�DFUREDWLF�'DU�FkQG�DWHUL]D��HUD�WRW�VROR�,DU�HD��OD�]HFH�PHWUL�PDL�vQFROR��2�VD�WL�GDX�PXLH��ID���VRSWL�DPDUQLF�)XJLQG�VSUH�HD��vQVD�OD�IHO�GH�GDUQLF$�IRVW�GHVWLQXO�VL�GH�DFHDVWD�GDWD�&DFL�HD�IXJHD�GH�HO�FD�R�QHWRDWD��(L�IX X�WL�JkWX�PD�WLL�GH�VWDILH�6D�YH]L�FXP�R�VD�PL�VXJL�WX�SX D�PLH��

Page 266: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

=LVH�QGkUMLW���ÌQ�JXUD�WD�PD�FDF�6L�VH�GDGX�FX�FDSX�GH�XQ�FRSDF�$SRL�FD]X�FX�JULMD�MRV��SH�LDUED�6L�DVWHSWD��OLQJkQGX�VH�SH�EDUED�(D�YLQH��VWD��VH�XLWD�VL�VH�DSOHDFD�ÌQ�ILQH��XQ�VXJKLW�GH�SOkQV�R�QHDFD�3X LFD���KRS��R�PkQD�QWUH�SLFLRDUH6L�DOWD�SH�SLHSW�vL�SXVH���$X��PD�GRDUH���6D�WDFL�vQ�PD�WD��ORVWULWD�WkPSLWD�/D�SX D�WH�YRL�GD�FD�WH�QJKLWD��ÌQGDWD�VFRDVH�PRQVWUXO�GLQ�FKLORWL�6L�QFKL]kQG�RFKLL�VL�]LVH���'D�L�FkW�SRWL��ÌQVD�DYX�XQ�VHQWLPHQW�FLXGDW�6L�SHVWH�R�VXUSUL]D�PDUH�D�GDW�&DQG�RFKLL�L�D�GHVFKLV��1DXF��SULYHVWH�ÌQ�SX D�QWLVD�L�DWkUQD�XQ�SHVWH�:H�KRSH�WKDW�WKHUH�LV�PRUH�WR�FRPH���7KLV�SRHP�ZDV�ZULWWHQ�E\�VRPH�VWXGHQWV�GXULQJ�WKHLU�ORQJ��KDUG�KRXUV�RI�UHVHDUFK�ZRUN��,W�LV��D�ZRQGHUIXO�FUHDWLRQ��ZKLFKZH�KRSH�WKDW�LW�ZLOO�EH�ILQLVKHG�DV�VRRQ�DV�SRVVLEOH��8QIRUWXQDWHO\��WKHUH�LV�RQO\�D�URPDQLDQ�YHUVLRQ�7DUDQXO/D�SLDWD��YLQH�XQ�WDUDQ��vQ�EX]XQDU�IDUD�XQ�EDQ�3ULQ�GDVDJL��DYHD�FHYD��FDUH�Q�ILQDO��DVD�VSHUD��QX�YD�PDL�IL�JRODQ�(UD�EDWUkQ��EROQDY�VL�VODE��IODPkQG��FD�XQXO�FH�QX�L�VWDE�1HvQWROLW��QHEDUEHULW��GHVWXO�GH�ELQH��UDPROLW��FD�FHO�FX�(O�=RUDE�6H�DVH]D��vQFHWLVRU��OD�R�WHMJKHD�FX�XQ�SLFLRU�ÌVL�UDVWXUQD�SH�HD�GDVDJLL��vVL�ULGLFD�SXWLQ��QDGUDJLL��RIWkQG�vQFHWLVRU�6L�DUDQMkQGX�VL�JULMXOLX��DYHUHD��FD�SH�FHYD�YLX�9RUEHD�DVDDD��vQ�VLQHD�OXL��GH�SDUF�DYHD�vQ�JkW�XQ�FXL�VDX��SDUF�DU�IL�FKHIOLX�'RDPQH��FD�PDL�XPSOXW�GH��ELQH���YHGHD�WH�DV�HX��FD�VL�SH�PLQH�&D�DP�PXQFLW�GH�P�DP�VSHWLW��WH�DP�UHVSHFWDW��P�DP�VSRYHGLW��GDU�QX�L�D�ELQH�6WLL�ELQH�FkW�P�DP�VWUDGXLW��VD�DP�GH�WRDWH�Q�PRG�FLQVWLW�$P�WUDV�FD�ERXO��WRDWD�YLDWD��VD�VWDX�vQ�OXPH�VXV��FX�IDWD�'LQ�DVWD��FH�D�LHVLW"3DL�]L�VL�WX��QX�VWD�FD��ERXO��F�DFXP�vWL�GDX�vQ�QDV�FX�RXO�'H�PD�OLSVHVF�VL�GH�GRL�OHL��FD�EDED��DVWD�L�SUHWXO�HL��VD�L�LDX�FDGRXO�9RUEHVWH�PLVWHU��GDFD�SRWL��WX�YH]L�F�DLFHD�V�QXPDL�KRWL"1X�YH]L�FD�WRWLL�YRU�VD�IXUH��FD�PXQFD�QX�PDL�SRW�VD�QGXUH�&D�QX�V�URERWL"&H��FUH]L�FD�HX�GH�JUDV�SOHFDL�VL�EDED�Q�FDVD�PL�R�ODVDL�6D�PL�IDF�XQ�EDQ�GH�EX]XQDU��FD�PL�EDWH�YkQWXO�SULQ��KDPEDU6L�Q�DP�FH�GD�OD�FDL"6L�FkWH�V�GH�IDFXW�S�DFDVD��GDU�VDQDWDWHD�QX�PD�ODVD�6L�Q�DP�SH�QLPHQL�DMXWRU��QLFL�XUPD�Q�FXUWH��GH�IHFLRU�,DU�ERDEH�LRF��vQ�OHDVD��������������������������������������'D�GRDPQHORU��OXDWL��OXDWL��GDFD�GRULWL��YD�URJ��JXVWDWL�/XDWL�PDL�PXOW�FD�YUHDX�VD�SOHF�VL��SULQ�RUDV�DV�YUHD�VD�WUHF�3RDWH�RL�JDVL��FkUQDWL�,R�WUH�VD�LDX�SHQWUX�EDEXWD��FHYD��VD�SRD�VD�VWHD�Q�FDUXWD�&D�L�VXEUHGD�VL�Q�WURQFDQHDOD�OD�URPDQWLVP�DUH�VPLQWHDOD�6L�L�]LOQLF��PDL�VODEXWD�6�DV�YUHD��GD�FkWH�Q�DV�YUHD�HX"�6D�SRW�DVD�PXQFL�PHUHX�&X�]HFH�PkLQL��]HFH�SLFLRDUH�VL�FkQG�H�OXQD�VL�FkQG��VRDUH�6D�SRW�PkQFD��VD�EHX�6D�GDX�OD�WRWL�GLQ�WUXGD�PHD��'DU�PLH��FLQH�PL�GD�FHYD"&D�vPL�PRU�YLWHOH�vQ�FXUWH��GH�IRDPH��QX�FD�VXQW�SUHD�PXOWH�

Page 267: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

'H�PL�YLQH�XQ�JkQG��DVDDDD�/D�+RLQDUL�����GHF�������7ULPLVD�GH�,RQ�GH�OD�+RLQDUL�VPTV#LGPDLO�FRP%DQFXUL�SROLWLFH%DQFXUL�FX�&HDXVHVFX��(OHQD�VL�YUHPHD�ORU��Ì�'H�FH�QX�D�IRVW�WHUPLQDWD�&DVD�5HSXEOLFLL"5�3HQWUX�FD�QX�D�IRVW�]LGLWD�/HDQD�OD�WHPHOLH���Ì�'H�FH�vQ�5RPkQLD��VRFLDOLVWD��PDJD]LQHOH�VH�IDFHDX�OD�PLQLPXP���NP�GLVWDQWD�XQXO�GH�FHODODOW"5�6D�QX�VH�vQFXUFH�FR]LOH���Ì�6WLWL�FD�(OHQD�vL�VSXQHD�OXL�1LFX�0DLHVWDWH"�5�$VD��1LFXOH��PDL�LH�VWDWH�GH�YL]LWDW�����6WXGHQWXO�DUDE�VH�VFX]D�FD�D�vQWkU]LDW�OD�FXUVXUL��6D�YHGHWL�D�VWDW�SH�ORF�WUDPYDLXO�FD�WUHFXW�WRY��&HDXVHVFX�FX�FDPDVD�vQ�JXUD��&XP�FX�FDPDVD"�3DL��DVD�]LFH�WRW�RPHQL�GLQ�WUDPYDL��8LWH�O��LDU�WUHFH��FXFDPDV�vQ�JXUD�OXL���3H�YUHPHD�OXL�&HDXVHVFX��LHVH�XQ�WLPEUX�FX�&HDXVHVFX��6H�GXFH�&HDXVHVFX��GHJKL]DW��OD�XQ�RILFLX�SRVWDO��VD�YDGD�FXP�VHYLQGH�WLPEUXO��1X�VH�YLQGH��VSXQH�IXQFWLRQDUXO��'H�FH"�1X�VH�OLSHVWH�&HUH�&HDXVHVFX�XQ�WLPEUX��VFXLSD�SH�OLSLFL��vO�SXQH�SH�XQ�SOLF�VL�L�DUDWD�IXQFWLRQDUXOXL��'H�FH�VSXL�FD�QX�VH�OLSHVWH"�8LWH��VH�OLSHVWH��'D��VSXQH�IXQFWLRQDUXO��GDU�WRWL�VFXLSD�SH�SDUWHD�DLODOWD��������&HDR�vQ�YL]LWD�vQ�MXGHWXO�+DUJKLWD��8Q�SLRQLHU�YRLRV�RIHUD�IORULOH�FHUHPRQLDOH�ODVkQGX�VH�vPEUDWLVDW��&XP�WH�FKHDPD��SXL�GH�GDF"�,VWYDQ�$WWLOD��WRYDUDVH�1LFRODH�&HDXVHVFX���ÌQ�YL]LWD�OD�6FRUQLFHVWL��OD�SDULQWL��&HDXVHVFX�JDVHVWH�WHOHYL]RUXO�VSDUW��6XSDUDW��vO�LD�OD�URVW�SH�WDLFD�VX��GH�FH�Q�D�FKHPDW�SHFLQHYD�VD�O�UHSDUH��7DWDO�vL�UDVSXQGH�vQ�GRL�SHUL��$SDL�YLQ�PHUHX�VL�SXQ�JHDPX�DOD��GD�FXP�vO�SXQ��FXP�vO�VSDUJ��3DL�GH�FH�WDWD"�9H]L�WX��FkQG�HUDL�PLF�VL�VSXQHDL�FkWH�R�SURVWLH��vWL�GDGHDP�FkWH�XQD�SHVWH�ERW��VL�DP�UDPDV�FX�RELFHLXO�DVWD������'RPOH��VWLL�FD�&HDVFD�DO�QRVWUX�HUD�WRW�DWkW�GH�WDUH�FD�VL�.DVSDURY"�����"��0XOWL�DU�IL�YUXW�VD�O�EDWD��GDU�vQFD�QLFL�XQXO�Q�D�UHXVLW���(UD�&HDXVHVFX�OD�1HSWXQ��6H�VFRDOD�vQWU�R�GLPLQHDWD�PDL�GHYUHPH�LHVH�SH�WHUDVD�FX�SULYHOLVWH�OD�PDUH�VL�VSXQH��%XQD�GLPLQHDWD�6RDUH���6D�WUDLWL�7RYDUDVH�&HDXVHVFX�9D]kQG�DVWD�vL�VSXQH�OXL�/HDQD�FH�L�V�D�vQWkPSODW�$�GRXD�]L�GLPLQHDWD�VH�VFRDOD�vPSUHXQD�FX�/HDQD��LHV�SH�WHUDVD�VL��%XQD�GLPLQHDWD�6RDUH��6D�WUDLWL�WRYDUDVH�&HDXVHVFX�GDU�HX�QX�VXQW�6RDUH�HX�VXQW�FDSLWDQ�6WDWH�'RULQ��PDLRUXO�3RSHVFX�6RDUH�D�IRVW�LHUL�GH�JDUGD����8Q�UHSRUWHU�RFFLGHQWDO�vO�vQWUHED�SH�&HDVFD��SULQ�������$P�DX]LW�FD�vQ�5RPkQLD�H�IULJ�vQ�FDVH��$VD�H"�'D��GDU�Q�D�PXULW�QLPHQL�GLQ�FDX]D�DVWD��'DU�DP�DX]LW�FD�QX�H�QLFL�PkQFDUH"�'D��GDU�Q�D�PXULW�QLPHQL�GH�IRDPH��6L�DP�PDL�DX]LW�FD�WUHEXLH�VD�WH�EDWL�FD�VD�SULQ]L�XQ�ORF�vQ�DXWREX]�FD�VD�WH�QWRUFL�DFDVD�GH�OD�VHUYLFL"�'D��GDU�QLFL�GLQ�DVWD�Q�D�PXULW�QLPHQL�

Page 268: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�$WXQFL��GRPQXOH�SUVHGLQWH��GH�FH�QX�vQFHUFDWL�FX�FLDQXUD"���&HDXVHVFX�FX�QHYDVWD��vQ�HOLFRSWHU��/HDQD�vL�]LFH��8LWH��1LFXOH��VH�YHGH�UkXULOH�����1X�WX��DVWHD�QX�H�UkXULOH�DVWHD�H�VRVHOHOH����3LORWXO�LQWHUYLQH��1X��DVWHD�V�FR]LOH�������'XSD�PDULOH�LQXQGDWLL��&HDXVHVFX�vVL�FRQYRDFD�DSURSLDWLL�FD�VD�IDFD�XQ�ELODQW�DO�DMXWRDUHORU��3ULYLQG�UDSRDUWHOH�vQ�FDUH�VHFHQWUDOL]D�DSRUWXO�GH�YDOXWD�IRUWH��VHIXO�H[FODPD��%UDYR��/XDWL�PDVXUL�GH�SH�DFXP��SHVWH�GRL�DQL�GDP�IRF����/HDQD�vL�VSXQH�vQWU�R�]L�OXL�1LFX��$X]L��1LFXOH���&H�DU�IL�VD�PD�SXL�VL�SH�PLQH�SULP�PLQLVWUX�FD�'DVFDOHVFX"�(VWL�QHEXQD��/HDQR��8QGH�PDL�YD]XVL�WX�WDUD�FX�GRL�SULP�PLQLVWUL"�3DL�FXP�QX�"�ÌQ�)UDQWD��-DF�VL�5DF����'RL�WLSL�FDOFD�XQ�SRUF�FX�PDVLQD��OD�PDUJLQHD�XQXL�VDW��8QX�]LFH��+DL�V�R�VWHUJHP�&HODODW�]LFH��(�PDL�FRUHFW�VD�O�JDVLP�SH�SURSULHWDU��VD�L�VSXQHP�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW�VL�VD�O�GHVSDJXELP�=L�VL�IDFXW��XQX�SD]HVWH�PDVLQD�VL�SRUFX��&HODODOW�SOHDFD�vQ�VDW�VD�DQXQWH�WULVWD�YHVWH��7UHFH�R�RUD��WUHF�GRXD�VL��VROXO��QX�VHvQWRDUFH��&HO�UDPDV��DVFXQGH�SRUFX��vQFKLGH�PDVLQD�VL�VH�GXFH�vQ�VDW�VD�GH]OHJH�PLVWHUXO�QHvQWRDUFHULL�DPLFXOXL��6DWXO�SXVWLX�ÌQWU�R�FXUWH��vQVD��WRDWD�SRSXODWLD�]DFHD�vQ�JUDPH]L��JUDPH]L�vQWU�R�EHWLH�JHQHUDOD��6XE�R�PDVD�vO�GHVFRSHUD�SH�DPLF�vL�WRDUQDR�FDOGDUH�FX�DSD�vQ�FDS�VL�O�vQWUHDED�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW��$ODODOW�SRYHVWHVWH��$P�YHQLW� DLFL� �DP�DIODW� FLQH�H�SURSULHWDUXO�DP�VSXV�FDP�FH� L�DP� IDFXW� VL� RDPHQLL�P�DX� VIDWXLW� VD�L� VSXQ�SH�RFROLWH� FD� HFDUGLDF��$VD�FD�L�DP�DWLQXW�FDOHD�DVD�FD�GLQ�vQWkPSODUH�VL�DP�JDVLW�XQ�SUHWH[W�GH�D�LQWUD�vQ�YRUED�VL�L�DP�WUkQWLW�R���7UDLDVFD���DXJXVW��PDL�EDGH�PDL��2PXO�ELQH�SUHJDWLW�SROLWLF�D�LQWUDW�vQ�YRUED�VL�PL�D�UHSOLFDW�YRLRV��7UDLDVFD��WUDLDVFD�VL�VD�WUDLDVFD�VL�3DUWLGXO�QRVWUX�vQ�IUXQWH�FX�FHO�PDL�LXELW�ILX�WRY��1LFXODH�&HDXVHVFX��(X�FkQG�DP�YD]XW�FD�H YHVHO�PL�DP�OXDW�LQLPD�vQ�GLQWL�VL�L�DP�VSXV�WULVW���6WLL"�SRUFX�D�PXULW��6L�HO��QX�VWLX�GH�FH�D�GDW�GHEDXW�OD�WRW�VDWXO�GH�QH�DP�vPEDWDW�FD�SRUFLL�������&HDXVHVFX�VH�LQWRUFHD�R�GDWD�FX�DYLRQXO�FX�QHYDVWD�GLQ�VWUDLQDWDWH��/D�LQWUDUHD�vQ�WDUD�VH�DXGH�VXELW�XQ�VXQHW�GH�WRQDOLWDWHMRDVD�VL�LQWHQVLWDWH�PDUH�VL�DYLRQXO�VH�]JXGXLH�SXWHUQLF��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�vQWUHDED�&HDXVHVFX�IRDUWH�DIHFWDW��7RYDUDVH�1LFRODH�&HDXVHVFX��SHUPLWHWL�VD�UDSRUWH]��QH�DP�ORYLW�GH�QLYHOXO�GH�WUDL�ULGLFDW����(SLVRG�vQWUH�SURIHVRUXO�GH�LVWRULH�VL�XQ�HOHY��vQWU�R�VFRDOD�SULPDUD�D�HSRFLL�GH�DXU��6SXQH�PL��*RJXWD��FH�HYHQLPHQW�PDUFDQW�D�DYXW�ORF�vQ�DQXO�����"�6�D�QDVFXW�OD�6FRUQLFHVWL�WRYDUDVXO�1LFRODH�&HDXVHVFX��LXELWXO�QRVWUX�SUHVHGLQWH��)RDUWH�ELQH��'DU�vQ�����"'XSD�XQ�VFXUW�WLPS�GH�JkQGLUH��*RJXWD�UDVSXQGH��6�DX�VDUEDWRULW����GH�DQL�GH�OD�QDVWHUHD�WRYDUDVXOXL�1LFRODH�&HDXVHVFX����&HDXVHVFX�PHUJH�vQ�5XVLD�vQ�YL]LWD�OD�%UHMQHY��8LPLW�GH�OX[XO�vQ�FDUH�WUDLHVWH�DFHVWD�vO�vQWUHDED�GH�XQGH�DUH�DWkWLD�EDQL�5XVXO�vL�]LFH��(L�ELQH��YH]L�SRGXO�GH�DFROR"�'D����$FHO�SRG�FRVWD�������������GH�UXEOH��6L�GLQWU�R�VXPD�DVD�GH�PDUH�R�SDUWH�DMXQJH�vE�EX]XQDUXO�PHX���3HVWH�XQ�DQ�YLQH�EUHMQHY� OD�%XFXUHVWL� VL� XLPLW� OD� UkQGXO� OXL�GH� OX[XO� vQ�FDUH� WUDLHVWH�&HDXVHVFX� vQWUHDED�FXP�GH� vVL� SRDWHSHUPLWH�DVD�FHYD��&HDXVHVFX�vL�UDVSXQGH��(L�ELQH��9H]L�SRGXO�DFHOD"�&DUH�SRG"�3RGXO�DFHOD�FRVWD�������������GH�OHL������0DQLIHVWDWLH�PDUH��PDUH��XQLL�VWLX�GHVSUH�FH�H�YRUED���/XPHD�VWULJD��&HDXVHVFX��3&5��8UD��8UD�8QXO�VLQJXU��PDL�DPDUDW��VWD�PDL�LQ�VSDWH�VL�QX�VSXQH�QLFL�XQ�FXYDQW��8Q��RP�GH�RUGLQH���FLWHVWH�VHFXULVW��VH�DSURSLH�GH�HO�VLvO�vQWUHDED��&H�IDFL�WRYDUDVH��GH�FH�QX�VWULJL�XUD"�6XQW�UDJXVLW��UDVSXQGH�FHO�LQWHUSHODW��GDU�XUD�H�DLFL��vQ�VXIOHW�

Page 269: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���&HDXVHFX��%XVK�VL�*RUEDFLRY�DX�YUXW�VD�YDGD�FDUH�VROGDW�HVWH�PDL�GHYRWDWWDULL�VDOH��6H�GXF�WRWL�WUHL�OD�:DVKLQJWRQ�%XVK��-RKQ��OD�PLQH�-RKQ��'D��VD�WUDLWL�%XVK��6ROGDW�HVWL�JDWD�VD�IDFL�RULFH�SHQWUX�SDWULH���-RKQ��'D��VD�WUDLWL�%XVK��$WXQFL�LQWUD�vQ�2FHDQXO�$WODQWLF�VL�DGX�PL�XQ�UHFKLQ�vQ���PLQXWH�-RKQ�LQWUD�vQ�DSD��VH�VFXIXQGD��LHVH�OD�VXSUDIDWD���VL�SHVWH���PLQXWH�DSDUH�HSXL]DW�VL�IDUD�XQ�SLFLRU�FX�XQ�UHFKLQ�*RUEDFLRY�HVWH�LQGLIHUHQW�VL�OH�SURSXQH�FHORU�WUHL�VD�PHDUJD�OD�0RVFRYD��/D�0RVFRYD�*RUEDFLRY��,YDQ��OD�PLQH�,YDQ��'D��VD�WUDLWL�*RUEDFLRY��6ROGDW�WX�HVWL�JDWD�VD�PRUL�SHQWUX�SDWULH�VL�SDUWLG�,YDQ��'D��VD�WUDLWL�*RUEDFLRY��'X�WH�vQ�2FHDQXO�vQJKHWDW�VL�DGX�PL���UHFKLQL�vQ���PLQXWH�,YDQ�LQWUD�vQ�DSD��VH�VFXIXQGD����SHVWH���PLQXWH�LHVH�FX���UHFKLQL�DSURDSH�PRUWL���&HDXVHVFX��%D��OD�QRL�DVWD�H�WUHDED�GH�PXLHUH���%XVK��%LQH��KDL�VD�PHUJHP�OD�%XFXUHVWL�VD�YHGHP��/D�%XFXUHVWL�&HDXVHVFX��,RQ��OD�PLQH�,RQ��&H�H��ED�&HDXVHVFX��%D�WX�HVWL�JDWD�VD�PRUL�SHQWUX�WDUD�WD",RQ��1W]LX���&HDXVHVFX��$WXQFL�PDUV�vQ�0DUHD�1HDJUD�VL�DGX���UHFKLQL�vQ���PLQXWH�,RQ��%D��VD�VH�GXFD�PDWD���&HDXVHVFX��(�����QX�Y�DP�VSXV�HX�FD�DVWD�OD�QRL�H�WUHDED�GH�PXLHUH������5RPkQLL� WULPLW� R� QDYHWD� VSDWLDOD� vQ� FRVPRV�� /D� vQWRDUFHUH�� DVWURQDXWXO� HVWH� SULPLW� GH� &HDXVHVFX� OD� UHVHGLQWD� VD�3RYHVWLQGX�L�FXP�D� IRVW�� DVWURQDXWXO� vL� VSXQH�FD� L�D� IRVW� IRDUWH�GLILFLO� VD� VH�PLVWH�� GHRDUHFH� OHJHD�JUDYLWDWLHL� QX� VH� DSOLFD�&HDXVHVFX�VH�vQWRDUFH�VSUH�(OHQD�VL�VSXQH��$P�GDW�QRL�R�DVWIHO�GH�OHJH"���9DULDQWD�'XSD�GLVFXWLD�FX�3UXQDUX��SULPXO�URPkQ�WULPLV�vQ�&RVPRV��FDP�QHGXPHULW��&HDXVHVFX�R�LD�GHRSDUWH�SH�/HDQD��$VFXOWD��/HQXWR��3UXQDUX�]LFHD�FD�D�DYXW�XQHOH�SUREOHPH�GLQ�FDX]D�OHJLL�JUDYLWDWLHL��1X�WLL� WX�PLQWH�FkQG�DP�GDW�HX�OHJHDDVWD"�&H�PD�QWUHEL�SH�PLQH��1LFXOH��HX�VXQW�FX�VWLLQWD��WX�HVWL�FX�OHJLOH����6HGLQWD�GH�SDUWLG�GH�SH�YUHPHD�RGLRVXOXL�FX�WHPD�GDWRULD�SDWULRWLFD�D�IHPHLL�URPkQH�GH�D�GDUXL�WDULL�FRSLL��9LQH�VHFUHWDUXOGH�SDUWLG�VL�OH�H[SOLFD�OD�RDPHQL�GH�FH�vQ�5RPkQLD�QDWDOLWDWHD�WUHEXLH�VD�FUHDVFD�VL��FD�VD�ILH�VL�PDL�FRQYLQJDWRU��OH�WRW�VSXQHDOD�RDPHQL��$WL�vQWHOHV��PDL�WRYDUDVL��WRYDUDVXO�&HDXVHVFX�YUHD�FRSLL����FkW�PDL�PXOWL�FRSLL���=LFH�HO�DVWD�GH�PDL�PXOWH�RUL��OH�PDL�GD�QLVWH�VWDWLVWLFL��PDL�SRPHQHVWH�LDU�GH�WRYDUDVXO�&HDXVHVFX�FDUH�YUHD�FkW�PDL�PXOWLFRSLL�VL�OD�XUPD�vQWUHDED��$UH�FLQHYD�GH�SXV�YUHR�vQWUHEDUH"6H�ULGLFD�%XOD��3DL��WRYDUDVH��DP�vQWHOHV�FH�YUHD�WRYDUDVXO�&HDXVHVFX���FXP�VD�QX�vQWHOHJ"���GDU�XQ�VLQJXU�OXFUX�QX�PL�H�FODU��R�DGXFHWL�SHWRYDUDVD�&HDXVHVFX�DLFL�OD�QRL��VDX�PHUJHP�QRL��EDUEDWLL��OD�HD"���3UHVHGLQWHOH�)UDQWHL�H�vQ�YL]LWD�OD�%XFXUHVWL��'XSD�SULPD�]L�GH�YL]LWD�GHPQLWDULL�VH�UHWUDJ�vQ�FDPHUHOH�ORU��1LFX�DUH�QLVWHPLFURIRDQH�SODQWDWH�vQ�FDPHUHOH�IUDQFH]LORU�VL�vO�DXGH�SH�OD�PLH]XO�QRSWLL�SH�SUHVHGLQWHOH�)UDQWHL�EDWkQG�OD�XVD�QHYHVWHL�VDOH��4XL�FHVW�OD"�vQWUHDED�SULPD�GRDPQD�D�)UDQWHL��&HVW�PRL��vL�UDVSXQGH�VRWXO�+RWDUkW�VD�VL�LPSUHVLRQH]H�QHYDVWD��1LFX�GD�VL�HO�IXJD�OD�GRUPLWRUXO�QHYHVWHL�VL�EDWH�OD�XVD��&DUH�HVWL�DFROR�ED"��VDUH�/HDQD�GLQ�SDW�/D�FDUH�1LFX�vO�FLWHD]D�SH�IUDQFH]��6H�PRDLH��VH�PRDLH�������'RL�RDPHQL�VWDX�GH�YRUED��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�XQXO�GLQWUH�HL�]LFH��+DL�GRPOH�VD�WL�]LF�VL�HX�XOWLPXO�EDQF�FX�&HDXVHVFX�SH�FDUH�O�DP�DX]LW�&HODODOW�UDVSXQGH��'RPOH��H�SDFDW�GH�G�WD��WH�YDG�RP�GH�WUHDED��GH�FH�VD�DL�QHFD]XUL"�(X�OXFUH]�OD�6HFXULWDWH��$DD��OXFUH]L�OD�6HFXULWDWH"�$WXQFL�QX�L�QLFL�R�SUREOHPD��R�VD�WL�UHSHW�EDQFXO�SkQD�WH�SULQ]L�GH�SRDQWD�

Page 270: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���&HDXVHVFX�vQ�GUXP�VSUH�R�YL]LWD�GH�OXFUX��'HRGDWD��YHGH�GLQ�HOLFRSWHU�R�FODGLUH�PDL�PDUH��vQ�SOLQ�FkPS��VL�L�vQWUHDED�SHvQVRWLWRUL�FH�HVWH�DFROR��(UD�R�vQFKLVRDUH���GDU�FXP�VD�L�VSXQD�DVD�FHYD�7RYDUDVXOXL��'HFL� vL�VSXQ� FD�H�R�JUDGLQLWD��/D�FDUH&HDXVHVFX�]LFH��+DL�MRV��YUHDX�V�R�YL]LWH]�,QWUDWL�vQ�SDQLFD��SLORWLL�UHXVHVF�VD�DQXQWH��RUJDQHOH��VD�LD�PDVXUL��DVD�FD�SkQD�HOLFRSWHUXO�DWHUL]HD]D��GHWLQXWLL�VXQW�vPEUDFDWLvQ� VRLPLL� SDWULHL�� VFRVL� DIDUD� vQ� FXUWH� VL� SXVL� VD� FkQWH� VL� VD� VH� MRDFH� FX� ORSDWLFD� vQ� QLVLS�� &HDXVHVFX� VH� GXFH� OD� XQXO� VL�OvQWUHDED��%DLHWHO��H�ELQH�DLFL�OD�JUDGLQLWD"�0GD����6L�DYHWL�PkQFDUH�EXQD��MXFDULL"�0GD����'D�WX�FkWL�DQLVRUL�DL"�3DL����6DVH��&LXGDW��(X�WL�DV�IL�GDW�YUHR�GRLVSH����,D�PDL�GX�WH�GUDFXOXL��FD�DMXQJ�VDVH�SHQWUX�XQ�YLRO����&HDXVHVFX�vPSUHXQD�FX�(OHQD��vQ�YL]LWD�GH�OXFUX�vQ�)UDQWD��/D�/XYUX��vQ�IDWD�XQXL�WDEORX��(OHQD�H[FODPD��9DL�FH�'RJHD�PLQXQDW�*KLGXO�LQWHUYLQH�FX�GLVFUHWLH��'DU�HVWH�XQ�5HPEUDQGW��GRDPQD�/D�XQ�DOWXO�GLQ�QRX��8LL��XQ�5HPEUDQGW�UHPDUFDELO�*KLGXO�VH�YHGH�QHYRLW�VD�FRUHFWH]H��$FHVWD�HVWH�XQ�0RQHW��GRDPQD�ÌQWU�XQ�DOW�VDORQ�(OHQD�H[FODPD�IHULFLWD��2��DVWD�QX�PD�SRDWH�vQVHOD��(��7LJDQFD��OXL�*ULJRUHVFX��1X��GRDPQD��1H�DIODP�vQ���6DORQXO�RJOLQ]LORU�����6DSWDPkQD�SUH]LGHQWLDOD��&HDXVHVFX�YLQH�OD�795�vO�LD�SH�5D]YDQ�7HRGRUHVFXGH�SDU�VL�vL�VSXQH��%DD��DVWD�H�VDSWDPkQD�SUH]LGHQWLDOD��%DJL�HPLVLXQL�vQ�IHOXO�XUPDWRU�/XQL��YRUELWL�GHVSUH�PLQH�0DUWL���YRUELWL�GHVSUH�PLQH�VL�VRWLD�PHD�0LHUFXUL���YRUELWL�GHVSUH�1LFXVRU-RL���YRUELWL�GHVSUH�IDPLOLD�PHD9LQHUL���YRUELWL�GHVSUH�PLQH�VL�FRPLWHWXO�FHQWUDO�DO�SDUWLGXOXL6kPEDWD���WUDJHWL�FRQFOX]LLOH'XPLQLFD���QX�PD�LQWHUHVHD]D�=LV�VL�IDFXW��HPLVLQLOH�GH�ULJRDUH�RPDJLX�HWF�VL�DFXP�ILOPHOH�/XQL��1HEXQXO0DUWL��SLHVD�GH�WHDWUX�2PXO�VL�PkUWRDJD0LHUFXUL��9DJDERQGXO-RL���6DWUD9LQHUL���$OL�EDED�VL�FHL����GH�KRWL6kPEDWD���'UXPXO�RDVHORU���&HDXVHVFX� LQVSHFWD� IHOXO� vQ�FDUH� WDUDQLL�H[HFXWDX� OXFUDULOH�GH�SULPDYDUD��'LQ� HOLFRSWHU�YHGH� XQ� WUDFWRU� RSULW� VL� GRL� WLSLGRUPLQG�OD�XPEUD�OXL��&RPDQGD�FRERUkUHD��VH�GXFH�OD�HL��DLD�VH�WUH]LVHUD��&HDXVHVFX��&XP�WH�FKHDPD�SH�WLQH"8QXO�GLQ�HL��$SDL��HX�PL�V�3HWUX����'DU�SH�WLQH��FXP�WH�FKHDPD"��]LFH�HO�FHOXLODOW��,R�PL�V�6HPLRQ����6L�YRL�DFXP�GH�FH�QX�VHPDQDWL"�$SRL��GDUD��FXP�VD�VHPDQDP��GDFD�QX�VXQWHP�IUDWL"���/D�DO�;,,,�OHD�&RQJUHV�DO�3DUWLGXOXL�XQXO�GLQ�VDOD�DGRDUPH�vQ�VFDXQXO�VDX�FRPRG��'LQWU�R�GDWD�DSDUH�XQ�VRERODQ�vQ�VDOD�)HPHLOH�VDU�VXV�SH�VFDXQH��LDU�EDUEDWLL�VDU�vQ�XUPDULUHD�ILDUHL��2PRUkWL�O��SXQHWL�PkQD�SH�HO��FDOFDWL�O�vQ�SLFLRDUH��VWULJD�OXPHD�vQ�VDOD�'H�DWkWHD�VWULJDWH�RPXO�QRVWUX�VH�WUH]HVWH�EXLPDF�VL�VWULJD�VL�HO�GLQ�WRWL�UDUXQFKLL��6L�SH�HD��VL�SH�HD�������3H�YUHPHD�OXL�QHD�1LFX�&HDXVHVFX��HUDX�DFHOH� LQWHUPLQDELOH� UkQGXUL� OD� WRDWH�DOLPHQWHOH� �SkLQH��FDUQH��HWF��� ,QWU�R�EXQDGLPLQHDWD�XQ�RP�LHVLQG�SH�VWUDGD�YD]X�R��FRDGD��IRUPkQGX�VH�OD�XQ�FROW��$FHVWD�FXULRV�vQWUHED�SH�XOWLPXO�DVH]DW�OD�UkQG�

Page 271: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�1X�YD�VXSDUDWL��FH�VH�YLQGH�DFL"�1X�VWLX�GRPOH��vQWUHEDWL�PDL�vQ�IDWD�0HUVH�RPXO�QRVWUX�OD�PLMORFXO�FR]L�VL�vQWUHDED�GLQ�QRX��1X�YD�VXSDUDWL��FH�VH�YLQGH�DFL"�1X�VWLX�GRPQX��vQWUHDED�VL�PDWD�PDL�vQ�IDWD�$FHVWD�PHUVH�vQ�IDWD��)LWL�DPDELO��GH�FH�VWDWL�OD�FRDGD"�1X�VWLX�GRPOH�vQWUHDED�SH�GRPQXO�GLQ�IDWD�6XSDUDW�GH�DWkWD��vQWUHED�PDL�vQ�IDWD���PHUVH�OD�SULPXO�GLQ�UkQG��'RPQXOH�OD�FH�VWDL�DLFL�OD�UkQG"0LUDW��VH�XLWD�OD�FHO�FDUH�O�vQWUHED��&DUH�FRDGD"�'RPQXOH��XLWH�FDUH�L�WUHDED��PL�V�D�IDFXW�UDX�VL�P�DP�VSULMLQLW�GH�]LGXO�DVWD��$WXQFL�OD�FH PDL�VWDL�DFL"�+P��HVWL�SURVW��1�DP�IRVW�QLFLRGDWD�SULPX�OD�XQ�UkQG�DVD�GH�PDUH����9D�DGXFHWL�DPLQWH�GH�FHOHEULL�FDUWRIL�GLQ�YUHPDH�vPSXVFDWXOXL"&kQG�VH�UDSRUWD�SURGXFWLD�DJULFROD�HUDX�GHFODUDWL�FD������WRQH�FDUWRIL�ERDEH�OD�KHFWDU�������ÌQ��,HSRFD�GH�DXU��DX�IRVW�DWLQVH�UHFRUGXUL�LQFUHGLELOH�OD�SURGXFWLD�GH�FHUHDOH�VL�FDUQH��$VWIHO��SRUXPEXO�FUHVWHD�FD�VWkOSLLGH�WHOHJUDI��DGLFD�GLQ�FLQFL]HFL�vQ�FLQFL]HFL�GH�PHWUL�XQX��YDFLOH�VWDWHDX�vQ�JUDMGXUL�FD�VL�FDUWLOH�vQ�ELEOLRWHFD��DGLFD�VFRWHDLXQD�VL�WRDWH�FHOHODOWH�FDGHDX�2LOH�DUDWDX�FD�OHLL��DGLFD�DYHDX�EODQD�QXPDL�OD�JkW�VL�FHYD�vQ�YkUIXO�FR]LL����6WLH�GHDOWIHO�WRDWD�OXPHD�GH�FH�SH�YUHPHD�DEX]LY�vPSXVFDWXOXL�PHUJHDP�WRW�vQDLQWH��vQDLQWH�HUD�PDL�ELQH����%XOD�PHUJH�SH�VWUDGD��8Q�DPLF�vO�VWULJD��%DL�%XOD��DP�DX]LW�FD�DL�LQWUDW�vQ�SDUWLG��SHQWUX�FLQH�QX�VWLH��LQDLQWH�GH�PDUHD�vQYDOPDVHDOD�GLQ�GHFHPEULH������LQ�5RPDQLDHUD�XQ�VLQJXU�SDUWLG��/D�FDUH�%XOD�ULGLFD�SH�UkQG�FkWH�XQ�SLFLRU��VL�SULYLQG�FX�DWHQWLH�WDOSD�vQWUHDED��ÌQ�FH�]LFL�F�DP�LQWUDW"���Ì�3H�YUHPHD�OX�vPSXVFDWX�FH�HUD�LDUQD�PDL�UHFH�GDFkW�DSD�UHFH"5�$SD�FDOGD����%XOD�HVWH�vQWUHEDW�GDFD�3DUWLGXO�SRDWH�JUHVL��%LQHQWHOHV��WRYDUDVL��FD�VL�3DUWLGXO�JUHVHVWH�&H�YUHWL"�(�VL�HO�RP�������3H�YUHPHD�OX�vPSXVFDWX�3DQFDUWD�SH�DHURSRUWXO�2WRSHQL��OD�3OHFDUL��8OWLPXO�FDUH�SOHDFD�VD�VWLQJD�OXPLQD�����&HDXVHVWLL�VRVLWL�GH�OD�XQ�YHUQLVDM��(L�FXP�WL�D�SODFXW��R�vQWUHDED�HO��1LFXOH�WUHEXLH�VD�GDP�FX�HL�GH�SDPkQW��3DL�GH�FH�GUDJD��3DL�QX�YD]XVL�FD�VXE�VWDWXLD�WD�VFULD�-DOHD�VL�VXE�SLFWXUD�PHD�%DED�������(UD�SH�WLPSXO�OXL�&HDXVHVFX�VL�WUHEXLD�OD�R�IDEULFD�VD�GH�D�DIDUD�SHUVRQDO��ÌQFHSH�GLUHFWRUXO��(X�DU�WUHEXL�VD�SOHF�FD�VXQW�FHO�PDL�PDUH�vQ�JUDG��'DU�FH�DU�]LFH�WRYDUDVXO�;�SULHWHQXO�PHX�EXQ�GH�IDPLOLH�FkQG�DXGH�FD�YRLIL�GDW�DIDUD"3HUVRQDOXO��$VD�H�QX�SRDWH�VD�SOHFH�GRP�GLUHFWRU�,QJLQHUXO�VHI��$YkQG�vQ�YHGHUH�FD�HX�VXQW�DO�GRLOHD�vQ�JUDG�GXSD�GLUHFWRU�HX�WUHEH�VD�SOHF�DFDVD�GDU�FH�DU�VSXQH�WRYDUDVXO�<�FDUH�H�PDL�VXVFD�WRYDUDVXO�;"3HUVRQDOXO��$VD�H�QX�SXWHWL�VD�SOHFDWL�GRPQ�LQJLQHU�VHI��6L�DVD�PDL�GHSDUWH�SkQD�YLQH�UkQGXO�OXL�1HD�9DVLOH�SRUWDUXO�3HUVRQDOXO��1HD�9DVLOH�QH�SDUH�UDX�SHQWUX�GY��GDU�WUHEH�VD�SDUDVLWL�LQWUHSULQGHUHD��0DL�EDLHWL�HX�DP�WUHL�FRSLL�GH�KUDQLW��'H�FH�QX�PD�PDL�WLQHWL�VL�SH�PLQH�3HUVRQDOXO��%LQH�1HD�9DVLOH��&XP�VSXL�GXPQHDWD�3HVWH�R�VDSWDPkQD�WUHFH�&HDXVHVFX�SH�OD�IDEULFD��,�VH�H[SOLFD�FXP�IXQFWLRQHD]D�PDVLQLOH��QX�vQWHOHJH��GDU�GHRGDWD�vO�YHGH�SH1HD�9DVLOH�&HDXVHVFX��1HD�9DVLOH�FH�PDL�IDFL�PDL�VWL�FkQG�MXFDP�QRL�IRWEDO�vQ�ERFDQFL�IDFXWL�GH�WDWD�1HD�9DVLOH��'D��7X�FH�PDL�IDFL�1LFXOH"�7RW�FX�/HDQD�R�PDL�IUHFL"

Page 272: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

&HDXVHVFX��'D��&H�SRW�VD�IDF��)LL�DWHQW�DLFL�QHD�9DVLOH�XLWH�DLFL�]HFH������QXPHUH�GH�WHOHIRQ�GDFD�DL�YUH�R�SUREOHPD�VXQD�ODRULFH�RUD�1H�D�9DVLOH��0XOWXPHVF�GDU�QX�H�QHYRLH�&HDXVHVFX�SOHDFD�'LUHFWRUXO��9DVLOH�vO�FXQRVWL�SH�&HDXVHVFX"9DVLOH��%LQHvQWHOHV�GH�FkQG�HUDP�FRSLO�'LUHFWRUXO��3DL�GH�FH�QX�DL�VSXV��8LWH�WH�WULPLW�OD�R�VFRDOD�GH�PDLVWUL�VD�vQYHWL�PDL�PXOW�$FROR� OD� VFRDOD� GH�PDLVWUL� YLQH�(OHQD�&HDXVHDVFX� vQ� LQVSHFWLH�� ,� VH� H[SOLFD� FXP� IXQFWLRQHD]D�PDVLQLOH� �QX� vQWHOHJH�� GDUGHRGDWD�vO�YHGH�SH�9DVLOH�(OHQD��9DVLOHH��&H�PDL�IDFL�RPXOH�9DVLOH��%LQH�/HDQR�SH�DLFL�VL�HX�(OHQD��0DL�VWL�FkQG�QH�SXSDP�QRL�vQ�WXILVXUL�9DVLOH��0DL�VWLX�FX�VD�XLW�DVD�FHYD��7RW�FX�1LFX�R�PDL�IUHFL"(OHQD��7RW�FX�HO�GRDU�H�XQ�RP�EXQ�QX"�)LL�DWHQW�DLFL�GDFD�DL�YUHR�SUREOHPD�LD�DLFL����GH�QXPHUH�GH�WHOHIRQ�GDFD�VH�LYHVWHFHYD�VXQD�9DVLOH��0XOWXPHVF�GDU�QX�H�QHYRLH�'LUHFWRUXO�GH�DFROR�UDPkQH�PDVFD�'LUHFWRUXO��'H�FH�Q�DL�VSXV�QH�D�9DVLOH�FD�R�FXQRVWL�SH�(OHQD�&HDXVHVX"9DVLOH��(X�FXQRVF�SH�WRDWD�OXPHD�'LUHFWRUXO��6L�SH�3DSD�GH�OD�5RPD"9DVLOH��'D�'LUHFWRUXO��'DFD�vO�FXQRVWL�SH�3DSD�HX�WH�DYDQVH]�vQ�JUDG�SkQD�OD�LQJLQHU�VHI�VL�R�VD�OXFUH]L�WRDWD�YLDWD�9DVLOH��%LQH�EDLHWL�6H�GXF�OD�9DWLFDQ�FX�HOLFRSWHUXO�9DVLOH��8LWH�EDLHWL�FXP�IDFHWL�SH�PLQH�PD�VWLX�EDLHWL�GH�OD�SD]D�GDU�SH�YRL�QX�DVD�FD�LQWUX�VL�R�VD�DSDU�FX�3DSD�SH�WHUDVD�DLD�3HUVRQDOXO��2N�9DVLOH�3HVWH�R�MXPDWDWH�GH�RUD�DSDUH�VL�QHD�9DVLOH�FX�3DSD�SH�WHUDVD��3HUVRQDOXO�QX�vO�VWLD�FXP�DUDWD�SDSD�DVD�FD�D�vQWUHEDW�XQ�FDWROLFvQUDLW�GLQ�$XVWUDOLD�3HUVRQDOXO��,D�]LL�GRPQH�DOD�GH�OD�EDOFRQ�H�3DSD"$XVWUDOLDQXO��1X�SUHD�YDG�ELQH�SkQD�DFROR�GDU�DOD�GH�OkQJD�HO�H�VLJXU�1($�9$6,/(������ÌQWU�XQ�VDW�GLQ�$UGHDO�OD�&�$�3��VHGLQWD�GH�SDUWLG�OD�FDUH�SDUWLFLSD�VL�LQVSHFWLD�GH�OD�MXGHW��/D�SUREOHPH�SHUVRQDOH�VH�ULGLFDEDGHD�*KHRUJKH�FDUH�VSXQH��1R�DPX�HX�DP�R�YDFD�URVLH�VL�XQD�DOED��6L�WDXUXO�YHFLQXOXL�VDUH�JDUGXO�VL�R�IX H�SH�D�DOED�3UHVHGLQWHOH�VH�IDFH�URVX�FD�UDFX��ÌO�LD�GHRSDUWH�VL�L�VSXQH�FD�H�LQVSHFWLH�GH�VXV�DOWDGDWD�VD�YRUEHDVFD�PDL�IUXPRV��3HVWH�FHYDWLPS�LQVSHFWLH�GH�OD�PLQLVWHU��%DGHD�*KHRUJKH�R�]LFH�WRW�FXP�VWLD�HO��3UHVHGLQWHOH�vL�]LFH��%DGH�PD�IDFL�GH�UXVLQH�PD�EDJD�DVWLD�vQ�SXVFDULH�FD�vQ�VHGLQWH�GH�SDUWLG�VH�YRUEHVWH�DVD�XUkW�3HVWH�SXWLQ�WLPS�VHGLQWD��ÌQ�LQVSHFWLH�&HDXVHVFX��3UHVHGLQWHOH�vL�VSXQH�OX�EDGHD�*KHR��7H�URJ�IUXPRV�QX�PD�IDFH�GH�UkV�GDFD�YUHL�VD�WL�]LFL�SDVXO�]L�VL�WX�FD��L�D�IDFXW��R�VXUSUL]D��9LQH�VHGLQWD��SUREOHPH�SHUVRQDOH�SUHVHGLQWHOH�QX�YUHD�VD�O� ODVH�SH�*KHR� VD�VL�]LFD�SDVXO�GDU�VH�EDJD�WRDVX�DVD�FD�EDGHD*KHR�vL�]LFH��1R�DPX�HX�DP�R�YDFD�URVLH�VL�XQD�DOED��6L� WDXUXO�YHFLQXOXL� vL�SODFH�GH�YDFD�DOED� VL�PHUHX� VDUH�JDUGXO�� vO� VWULFD�� vPL� IDFHJUDGLQD�VL�JUDMGXO�SUDI��6L�D]L�GLPLQHDWD�R�IDFXW�OD�IHO�VL�LR�IDFXW�R�VXUSUL]D�YDFLL�DOEH������D�IX XW�R�SH�D�URVLH����6DWXL�GH�DVWHSWDW��FRQGXFDWRULL�SDUWLGXOXL�FRPXQLVW�LQWURGXF�vQ�FDOFXODWRU�XQ�PDOGDU�GH�GDWH�VL�L�SXQ�vQWUHEDUHD��&vW�PDL�DYHP�SkQD�OD�FRPXQLVP"'XSD�SkUkLWXUL��FKLWDLWXUL��FDOFXODWRUXO�UDVSXQGH�����NLORPHWUL�9HULILFDUL��QHGXPHULUL��vQ�ILQH��FDOFXODWRUXO��LDU�����NLORPHWUL�9HULILFD�HL�GDWHOH��FDXWD��vQ�ILQH��VH�GXPLUHVF��/D�FRQJUHVXO�;�WRY��&HDXVHVFX�VSXVHVH�IRDUWH�FODU���)LHFDUH�FLQFLQDO�vQVHDPQDXQ�SDV�vQDLQWH�VSUH�FRPXQLVP�����)HFLRUXO�XQXL�GHPQLWDU�FRPXQLVW�SOHDFD�vQ�6WDWH�SHQWUX�VWXGLL��$FDVD�WULPLWH�R�WHOHJUDPD�VFXUWD��75$,$6&$�3$57,'8/�&2081,67��5$0Æ1�����ÌQ�UDL��'XPQH]HX�VWD�GH�YRUED�FX�FkWLYD�URPkQL���&XP�R�GXF�PROGRYHQLL�WDL�6WHIDQH"�5DX��'RDPQH�����&XP�DVD"�3DL�MXPDWDWH�VXQW�vQ�&�$�3���MXPDWDWH�vQ�8�5�6�6��'D�DUGHOHQLL�WDL��,DQFXOH"�%LQLVRU�'RDPQH���

Page 273: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�,�DX]L��3DL�GH�FH"�-XPDWDWH�VXQW�vQ�&�$�3���MXPDWDWH�VXQW�vQ�5�)�*���'D�ROWHQLL�WDL��7XGRUH"�)RDUWH�ELQH��'RDPQH��%UDYR�&XP�DVD"�3DL�MXPDWDWH�VXQW�vQ�&�$�3���MXPDWDWH�vQ�&�&����������3H�YUHPHD�OXL�&HDXVHVFX�XQ�WLS�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�PDJH]LQ��1X�YD�VXSDUDWL��QX�DYHWL�SHVWH�DLFL"�1X��DLFL�QX�DYHP�FDUQH��SHVWH�QX�DX�DODWXUL������3H� YUHPHD� FRPXQLVPXOXL�� OD� R� FRQIHULQWD� HFRQRPLFD� LQWHUQDWLRQDOD�� VH� vQWvOQHVWH� XQ� VSHFLDOLVW� URPkQ� FX� XQ� VSHFLDOLVWDPHULFDQ��ÌQWUHDED�DPHULFDQXO��9RL�FH�H[SRUWDWL"5DVSXQGH�URPkQXO��&KLUSLFL��6L����FLQH�O�FXPSDUD"��%XOJDULD��6L����FH�SULPLWL�vQ�VFKLPE"��2XD��)RDUWH�IUXPRV��RXD�SHQWUX�FKLUSLFL��6L�FH�IDFHWL�FX�RXDOH��OH�PvQFDWL"�1X��/H�WULPLWHP�vQ�8QJDULD��6L�FH�SULPLWL�vQ�VFKLPE"�*DLQL��6L�FX�JDLQLOH�FH�IDFHWL"�/H�WULPLWHP�vQ�3RORQLD��6L�FH�SULPLWL�vQ�VFKLPE"�&XUFL��6L�FX�FXUFLOH�FH�IDFHWL"�/H�WULPLWHP�vQ�&HKRVORYDFLD��6L�FH�SULPLWL�vQ�VFKLPE"�9LWHL��6L�FX�YLWHLL�FH�IDFHWL"�ÌL�WULPLWHP�vQ�8QLXQHD�6RYLHWLFD�VL�SULPLP�vQ�VFKLPE�EDOHJDU��FX�FDUH�IDFHP�FKLUSLFLXO��SH�FDUH�vO�WULPLWHP�vQ�%XOJDULD����9LQH�%XUHELVWD�OD�%XFXUHVWL�vQ�WLPSXO�OXL�&HDXVHVFX��SH�YUHPHD�PDULORU�GHPRODUL��6H�XLWD�vQ�MXUXO�OXL�VL�vQWUHDED��&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�DFHDVWD�FHWDWH",�VH�UDVSXQGH��'DUkPLGDYD��6L�FXP�VH�QXPHVF�EDVWLQDVLL�DFHVWRU�ORFXUL"�(L�VH�QXPHVF�$SODX'DFLL��6L�HL�VH�vQFKLQD�WRW�OD�=DPRO[H"�1X��HL�VH�LQFKLQD�OD�DOD��=GD0D�VLL������1LFXVRU�VH�GXFH�OD�6I�3HWUX�VL�O�URDJD�VD�O�DMXWH�VD�VL�YL]LWH]H�SDULQWLL��'XSD�FH�O�vQWUHDED�6I��3HWUX�FH�DX�IRVW�SDULQWLL�vQYLDWD�� vL� LQGLFD� DOHHD� SUHVHGLQWLORU�� 0HUJH� 1LFXVRU� VL� UDPkQH� VRFDW�� /HQLQ� VWDWHD� FX� SLFLRDUHOH� vQWU�XQ� KkUGDX� FX� FDFDW�+UXVFLRY�vQ�FDFDW�SkQD�OD�EUkX��6WDOLQ�vQ�FDFDW�SkQD�OD�JkW��&HDXVHVFX�GRDU�FX�SDQWRILL�vQ�FDFDW��(L�WH�DL�GHVFXUFDW�ELQH�VL�DLFL��WDWD��'XSD�FkWH�DL�IDFXW�VL�WH�DX�SXV�QXPDL�FX�SDQWRILL�vQ�FDFDW����7DFL�SURVWXOH��QX�YH]L�FD�VWDX�SH�FDSX�OXL�PDWD����3H�YUHPHD�2GLRVXOXL�OD�XQ�PDUH�UHVWDXUDQW�GLQ�%XFXUHVWL�FLQHYD�GD�WHOHIRQ�VL�UH]HUYD�R�PDVD�PDUH�SHQWUX�VHDUD��/D�RUDVWDELOLWD�VRVHVWH�R�OLPX]LQD�GH�OX[�FX�VRIHU�vQ�XQLIRUPD�LDU�GLQ�PDVLQD�FRERDUD�XQ�WLS�PLF�VL�SULFDMLW�FX�R�FROLYLH�vQ�FDUH�HUD�RSDVDULFD�� /D� PDVD� WLSXO� FRPDQGD� SHQWUX� HO� GRDU� R� VDODWD� LDU� SHQWUX� SDVDULFD� PDL� PXOWH� IHOXUL� GH� PkQFDUH� GLQ� FHOH� PDLFRVWLVLWRDUH��6HFXULVWXO�UHVWDXUDQWXOXL��FRQWUDULDW�IDFH�D�GRXD�]L�FHUFHWDUL�VL�DIOD�FD�UHVSHFWLYXO��*KHRUJKH��SkQD�QX�GH�PXOWXQ�PXULWRU�GH� UkQG��GHWLQH�R�YLOD�GH� OX[�VL�FD� V�D� vPERJDWLW�SHVWH�QRDSWH��%LQH�vQWHOHV� FD�*KHRUJKH�HVWH�FKHPDW� OD�SROLWLHSHQWUX�LQWHURJDWRULX��3ROLWLVWXO��1XPHOH�GY"�*KHRUJKH��0HVHULD"�0HUFHRORJ�OD�$YkQWXO�GLQ�GHDO�&XP�SXWHWL�GRYHGL�SURYHQLHQWD�EDQLORU�SH�FDUH�vL�DYHWL"�3DL�VWDWL�VD�YHGHWL����HX�VLQW�SHVFDU�VL�P�DP�GXV�OD�SHVFXLW�VL�DP�SULQV�XQ�SHVWLVRU�WRWXO�VL�FX�WRWXO�GLQ�DXU��7RYDUDVH�vWL�EDWL�MRF�GH�PLQH�

Page 274: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�1X��HVWH�DGHYDUXO�DGHYDUDW��'DFD�HVWH�DVD�SHVWLVRUXO�LQWUD�vQ�WH]DXUXO�VWDWXOXL��6WDWL�VD�YHGHWL�FD�QX�O�PDL�DP�����1HQRURFLWXOH�WH�EDJ�OD�SXVFDULH����1X�G�OH�FD�YRUEHD�VL�P�D�UXJDW�VD�L�GDX�GUXPXO�FD�PL�vQGHSOLQHVWH�WUHL�GRULQWH��'XPQHDWD�PD�FUH]L�QHEXQ���"�'D�G�OH��VL�SHQWUX�FD�HUDP�VDUDF�VL�ORFXLDP�vQWU�R�JDUVRQLHUD�vQ�0LOLWDUL�FRQIRUW���FX�EDLD�vQ�EXFDWDULH�VL�FX�EXFDWDULD�vQ�EDLHL�DP�FHUXW�VD�PL�GHD�R�YLOD�PDUH� �VL� � � IUXPRDVD�FX�OLPX]LQD�OD�VFDUD�FX�PDMRUGRP�VL� IHPHLH�GH�VHUYLFLX��DSRL�FkQG�P�DPYD]XW�FX�DVWD�L�DP�FHUXW�VD�DP�EDQL�PXOWL��VD�QX�DP�FH�IDFH�FX�HL��$SRL�GDFD�DP�YD]XW�FD�DP�YLOD��PDMRUGRP��VHUYLWRDUH�VLVRIHU� VL� vQ�DFHODVL� WLPS�EDQL�PXOWL� L�DP�FHUXW� VD�PL�GHD� VL�PLH� R� �SDVDULFD�PLFD� VL� IODPkQGD�� vQVD� QX� VWLX� GDFD� HX�P�DPH[SULPDW�FXP�WUHEXLH�VDX�SHVWLVRUXO�P�D�vQWHOHV�JUHVLW�FDFL�PL�D�GDW�VWkUSLWXUD�DVWD�FDUH�PDQkQFD�GH�PD�VDUDFHVWH����/D�$OLPHQWDUD��$L�EUkQ]D"�1X��$L�VDODP"�1X��7H�EDJ�vQ�SL]GD�PD�WL�FX�&HDXVHVFX�FX�WRW�$�GRXD�]L��DFHHDVL�$OLPHQWDUD��DFHOHDVL�SHUVRQDMH��$L�EUkQ]D"�1X��$L�VDODP"�1X��7H�EDJ�vQ�SL]GD�PD�WL�FX�&HDXVHVFX�FX�WRW�$�WUHLD�]L��FOLHQWXO�YHGH�R�SHUVRDQD��VXVSHFWD��vQYLUWLQGX�VH�vQ�PDJD]LQ��$L�EUkQ]D"�1X��$L�VDODP"�1X��$WXQFL�UDPkQH�FXP�DP�VWDELOLW�LHUL����&HDXVHVFX�FHUH�GH�OD�6HFXULWDWH��$GXFHWL�PL�O�SH�DFHOD�FDUH�IDFH�WRDWH�EDQFXULOH�FX�PLQH�,�O�DGXF��6SXQH�&HDXVHVFX��'H�FH�IDFL�WX�QXPDL�EDQFXUL�FX�PLQH"�/H�VWLX��VvQW�EXQH��GDU�VD�WH�YDG��ID�VL�WX�XQ�EDQF�QX�FX�PLQH�6H�JkQGHVWH�DFHOD�FkW�VH�JkQGHVWH�VL�VSXQH��7RYDUDVD�&HDXVHVFX�H�vQVDUFLQDWD��1X�FX�PLQH��DP�VSXV��'D�FLQH�D�VSXV�FD�FX�WLQH"���&LFD�(OHQD�&HDXVHVFX�DXGH�VL�HD�GH�FL]PH�GH�FURFRGLO��(D�PXLHUH�GH�SUHVHGLQWH�DYHD�WRW�FH�VL�GRUHD���VL�XLWH�FD�YUHD�VL�HDFL]PH�GH�FURFRGLO��&KHDPD�HD�GRL�VHFXULVWL�VL�vL�WULPLWH�SH�HL�vQ�(JLSW�VD�L�DGXFD�FL]PH�GH�FURFRGLO��7UHFH�XQ�DQ�VL�VHFXULVWLQRVWUL�QX�DSDU�FX�FL]PHOH�GH�FURFRGLO��PDL�WUHFH�XQ�DQ�VL�XLWH�FD�WRW�QX�VH�vQWRUF�VHFXULVWLL��(OHQD�QHUDEGDWRDUH�FKHDPD�SH�XQDOW�VHFXULVW�VL�vO�WULPLWH�VD�YDGD�FH�IDF�FHLODOWL�GRL�GH�QX�YLQ�FX�FL]PHOH�GH�FURFRGLO��$MXQJH�DVWD�vQ�(JLSW�VL�YHGH�SH�FHLODOWLGRL�XQX�HUD�vQ�PLOMRFXO�1LOXOXL�VL�FHODODW�SH�PDO��&HO�GLQ�PLOMRFXO�1LOXOXL�OXD�XQ�FURFRGLO��vO�ULGLFD�GHDVXSUD�FDSXOXL�VL�VWULJDOD�FHO�GH�SH�PDO��%D�DUH�FL]PH�ED"&HO�GH�SH�PDO�UDVSXQGHD��1X�DUH�ED����DFHVWD�GLQ�1LO�DUXQFD�FURFRGLOXO�VL�OXD�DOWXO��%D�DUH�FL]PH�ED"����1X�DUH�ED����VL�WRW�DVD�FDXWDX�VHFXULVWLL�QRVWUL�FL]PH�GH�FURFRGLO������&HDXVHVFX�DUH�QHYRLH�GH�XQ�PLQLVWUX�GH�ILQDQWH��6H�RUJDQL]HD]D�XQ�FRQFXUV�6H�SUH]LQWD�XQ�UXV��XQ�DPHULFDQ�VL�XQ�HYUHX�,QWUD�UXVXO��&kW�IDF�GRL�VL�FX�GRL"�3HUPLWHWL�PL��YD�URJ��VD�GDX�XQ�WHOHIRQ�OD�0RVFRYD�6H�GXFH��GD�WHOHIRQ�VL�UDVSXQGH��0RVFRYD�PL�D�DFRUGDW�SHUPLVLXQHD�VD�UDVSXQG�FD�GRL�VL�FX�GRL�IDF�SDWUX�,QWUD�DPHULFDQXO��DFHHDVL�vQWUHEDUH��'D�GUXPXO�DPHULFDQXO�OD�FDOFXODWRDUH��SURJUDPHD]D��VFRDWH�OD�LPSULPDQWD����7RDWH�FDOFXOHOH�DWHVWD�FD�GRL�VL�FX�GRL�IDF�SDWUX�,QWUD�HYUHXO�

Page 275: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�3DL�GHSLQGH��'RL�VL�FX�GRL�SRW�IDFH�WUHL��SRW�IDFH�SDWUX�SRW�IDFH�FLQFL���Ì�3H�FLQH�D�QXPLW�&HDXVHVFX�PLQLVWUX�GH�ILQDQWH"5�3H�IUDWH�VDX����3HULRDGD���������7UHFXWXO��3UH]HQWXO�VL�9LLWRUXO�vVL�GDX�vQWkOQLUH�vQ�5RPkQLD��7UHFXWXO�VL�9LLWRUXO�VXQW�SXQFWXDOL��3UH]HQWXOvQWkU]LH��&kQG�DSDUH��FX�R�VDFRVD�vQ�PkQD���vO�LDX�FHLODOWL�OD�vQWUHEDUL��3UH]HQWXO�UDVSXQGH��$P�VWDW�OD�FRDGD�OD�FDUQH�7UHFXWXO��&2$'$"�FH�L�DLD�&2$'$"9LLWRUXO��&$51("�FH�L�DLD�&$51("���&kQG�GLVSDUXVH�VDODPXO�GLQ�PDJD]LQH�D�DSDUXW�FD�QXPH�GH�DPEDVDGRU�GLQ�WDULOH�DUDEH��$V�+DOL�6DODP��'DQ�DP�������9LQH�QHD�1LFX�DFDVD�VL�L�]LFH�QHYHVWLL��)D�/HDQR�DP�GRYDGD�FD�DP�PLQWH��&H�GRYDGD"�3DL�D]L�OD�SOHQDUD��vQ�WLPS�FH�PL�SUH]HQWDP�SURJUDPXO��XQXO�GLQ�VDOD�]LFHD���0DL�FH�PLQWH��������%XOD�OD�VFRDOD��ÌQYDWDWRDUHD��&RSLL�LD�VSXQHWL�PL�YRL�FH�UHSUH]LQWD�SHQWUX�YRL�SDWULD�,RQHVFX��+ROGH�vQWLQVH�GH�JUkX�3RSHVFX��6RQGH�VL�PLQH�%XOD��2�FkPSLH�PDUH�PDUH�FX�IORUL���vQ�PLMORFXO�HL�2FKLXO�%RXOXL�VL�FX�0DWUDJXQD���vQFHUFXLWL�GH�R�FHDWD�GH�DOEDVWUHOH��LDU�vQ�UHVW���GH�PLOLRDQH�GH�ODFULPLRDUH������ÌQ�IDWD�XQXL�DQWLFDULDW��XQ�DUGHOHDQ�DGPLUD�OXFUDUHD��WKH�IXWXUH�RI�5RPDQLD����DXWRU�1�&��VL�H[FODPD��,DFDWD�R�FDUWH�GH�DFWXDOLWDWH��3DL�FXP�DVD"�vO�vQWUHDED�XQ�SROLWLFLDQ��$SRL�GXPQHDWD�QX�VWLL�FHWL��7H�IXWXUD��RI��5RPDQLH"���%DQFXUL�FX�SROLWLFLHQL�GXSD���¶��Ì�&H�DX�IDFXW�FHO�PDL�ELQH�WDUDQLVWLL�LQ�WDUD�DVWD"5�&DQDOXO���Ì�&DUH�HVWH�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�5RPDQLD�VL�-DSRQLD"5�$PkQGRXD�WDULOH�DX�WUHQXUL�VXVSHQGDWH���Ì�5RPDQLD�VL�*UHFLD�"5�$PDQGRXD�DX�IRVW�UHSXEOLFL��HOHQH���Ì�5RPDQLD�VL�%HOJLD�"5�$PEHOH�WDUL�VXQW��IODPDQGH���'RL�LOHJDOLVWL�VH�ODPHQWHD]D��3XWLQL�DP�IRVW��PXOWL�DP�UDPDV���Ì�'H�FDWH�IHOXUL�VXQW�FRQGXFDWRULL�URPkQL"5�/LWWOH�ERVV��ELJ�ERVV�VL�VFDU%RVV���Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GHRVHELUHD�GLQWUH�XQ�PHPHEUX�GH�SDUWLG�GLQ�WUHFXW�VL�XQXO�GLQ�SUH]HQW"5�3ULPXO�VD�EDWHD�FX�SXPQLL�vQ�SLHSW��$O�GRLOHD��FX�SXPQLL�vQ�FDS�����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�&HDXVHVFX�VL�,OLHVFX"5�&HDXVHVFX�HUD�FL]PDU�VL�,OLHVFX�H�VLUHW���

Page 276: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��Ì�&X�FH�VH�DVHDPDQD�SR]LWLD�5RPDQLHL�YLV�D�YLV�GH�1$72"5�&X�XQ�&2,��3DUWLFLSD�GDU�QX�LQWUD�QLFLRGDWD����Ì�'H�FH�PRDUH�QHXURQXO�LQ�FDSXO�XQXL�SDUODPHQWDU"5�'H�VLQJXUDWDWH����Ì�6WLWL�EDQFXO�FX�%DVHVFX"5�%D��VH�VFXPSHVF�WRDWH������Ì�&H�IDFH�URPkQXO�FkQG�QX�PDL�DUH�EDQL"5�6FKLPED�R�KkUWLH�GH�����GH�GRODUL����Ì�&H�HVWH�VDODULXO"5�2�DWHQWLH�GLQ�SDUWHD�VWDWXOXL����7UHL�GRFWRUL��XQXO�DPHULFDQ��XQXO�HQJOH]�VL�XQXO�URPDQ��YRUEHDX�GHVSUH�UHDOL]DULOH�ORU�$��$FXP�YUHR���OXQL�D�YHQLW�XQXO�DFFLGHQWDW��IDUD�PkQD��L�DP�IDFXW�WUDQVSODQW�GH�OD�XQXO�PRUW��VL�DFXP�vVL�FDXWD�GH�OXFUX�(��$FXP�XQ�DQ��D�YHQLW�XQ�RUE�VL�L�DP�IDFXW�WUDQVSODQW�GH�RFKL�GH�OD�XQXO�PRUW��VL�DFXP�VL�HO�vVL�FDXWD�GH�OXFUX�5��$FXP�YUHR�SDWUX�DQL��O�DP�OXDW�SH�XQXO�GH�OD�8QLYHUVLWDWH��O�DP�SXV�SUHVHGLQWH�VL�DFXP�WRDWD�OXPHD�vVL�FDXWD�GH�OXFUX����&LFD�WRDWH�WDULOH�IRVW�FRPXQLVWH�DX�IRVW�vQ�FDGHUH�OLEHUD�SLQD�DX�DWLQV�IXQGXO�JURSLL��$SURDSH�WRDWH�DX�LQFHSXW�VD�XUFHSHUHWHOH�DEUXSW�DO�JURSLL�vQ�FDUH�VXQW��FX�H[FHSWLD�5RPDQLHL��FDUH�DFXP�VDSD�PDL�DGkQF����2�GHOHJDWLH�)61�FRQGXVD�GH�*HOX�9RLFDQ�9RLFXOHVFX�DMXQJH�vQ�&KLQD��/D�R�PDVD�RILFLDOD�VXQW�VHUYLWL�FX�EURDVWH�WHVWRDVHYLL��6H�FKLQXLHVF�URPkQLL�EURDVWHOH�QX�SXWHDX�IL�DSXFDWH�GH�QLFL�XQGH��FD�VH�WUDJHDX�LQ�FDUDSDFH��*HOX�EDJD�XQ�GHJHW�vQ�IXQGOD�EURDVFD��DVWD�VFRDWH�FDSXO��HO��KDW��vL�VXFHVWH�JkWXO��&KLQH]LL��vQFkQWDWL��6H�YHGH��GRPQXOH�9RLFDQ��FD�VXQWHWL�XQ�SURIXQG�FXQRVFDWRU�DO�FXOWXULL�QRDVWUH�VWUDYHFKL��%D��]LFH�9RLFDQ��DVWD�DP�GHSULQV�R�GH�FkQG�vL�OHJ�FUDYDWD�OXL�3HWUH�5RPDQ�����'H�FH�Q�DX�YRLH�VDODULDWLL�GH�OD�JXYHUQ�VD�VH�XLWH�SH�IHUHDVWUD�GLPLQHDWD"�&D�Q�RU�VD�DLEH�FH�VD�PDL�IDFD�GXSD�DPLD]D����/D�R�FRQIHULQWD�VWLQWLILFD�GHVSUH�GLQR]DXUL�$QJOLD�SUH]LQWD�R�SUHOHJHUH�LQWLWXODWD���'LQR]DXULL�VL�UHODWLLOH�VRFLDOH��)UDQWD���'LQR]DULL�VL�YLDWD�ORU�VH[XDOD��5RPDQLD���'LQR]DXULL�vQDLQWH�VL�GXSD�&RQGXFDWRUXO�����9LRUHO�0RUDUX��SUHVHGLQWHOH�)�5�5���DGUHVHD]D�R�VFULVRDUH�GHVFKLVD��vQ�FDUH�DILUPD�FD�0LURQRY�L�DU�IL�VSXV�XUPDWRDUHDIDEXOD���ÌQ�IDWD�6IkQWXOXL�3HWUX��OD�SRDUWD�UDLXOXL�V�DX�SUH]HQWDW����EDUEDWL��$FHVWLD�DX�IRVW�vQWUHEDWL�FDUH�GLQWUH�HL�VL�D�vQVHODWQHYDVWD��FHUkQGX�OL�VH�FHORU�FDUH�DX�IDFXW�R�DVWIHO�GH�IDSWD�VD�IDFD�XQ�SDV�vQDLQWH��1RXD�GLQWUH�DFHVWLD�DX�IDFXW�SDVXO�$FHVWRUD��6IkQWXO�3HWUX�OH�D�VSXV�VD�PHDUJD�vQ�UDL��&HOXL�UDPDV�SH�ORF�L�D�VSXV��(VWL�FLQVWLW��GDU�SURVW��LDU�SURVWLL�WUHEXLH�VD�PHDUJD�LQ�LDG����3DWULDUKXO�7HRFWLVW�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�SH�VWUDGD�FX�$GULDQ�1DVWDWVH�$�1���%XQD�]LXD�3RSR�3�7���%XQD�]LXD�SRSR������6WLH�GHDOWIHO�WRDWD�OXPHD�GH�FH�SH�YUHPHD�DEX]LY�vPSXVFDWXOXL�PHUJHDP�WRW�vQDLQWH���ÌQDLQWH�HUD�PDL�ELQH�����/XPHD�VH�SOkQJH�FD�VDX�VFXPSLW�WRDWH���1X�L�DGHYDUDW��VDODULXO�V�D�LHIWLQLW����/D�DO�FLQFHOHD�VHPQDO�YD�IL�DSD�FDOGD�3LF��SLF��SLF��SLF��SLF��$�IRVW�DSD�FDOGD����2ED]XO�VXEWLUH�FX�.HQW�XLDOD�VH�WLQH����6KRS�XO�VFX]D�PLMORDFHOH����'RL�VWDJLDUL�VH�YDG�vQWkPSODWRU�SH�VWUDGD��&HL�FX�WLQH�"�1X�WH�DL�GXV�XQGH�WH�DX�UHSDUWL]DW"�%D�GD��GDU�PL�DP�GDW�GHPLVLD��3DULQWLL�QX�PDL�SXWHDX�VD�PD�WLQD�

Page 277: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���1HFDMLW��XQ�PXQFLWRU�VH�vQWUHDED�vQ�IDWD�IDEULFLL�(X�SURSULHWDU��HX�SURGXFDWRU����'H�FH�P�DP�GDW�DIDUD�"���8]LQD�GH�PDVLQL�JUHOH�D�IX]LRQDW�FX�X]LQD�7LPSXUL�QRL�$FXP�DYHP��7LPSXUL�JUHOH�����6RWLD�OXL�,RQ�,OLHVFX�D�IRVW�QXPLWD�DPLUDO��&RQGXFH�FHO�PDL�PDUH�GLVWUXJDWRU�URPkQ����ÌQ�5RPDQLD�VH�]LFH�FD�FLQH�Q�D�PXULW�vQ�LDUQD�DVWD�YD�UHJUHWD�vQ�LDUQD�YLLWRDUH����0XOWL�RDPHQL�VXQW�vQ�GLOHPD��QHVWLLQG�FH�L�PDL�ELQH��VD�PRDUD�vQ�LDUQD�DVWD�GH�IULJ�VDX�VD�PRDUD�OD�YDUD�GH�IRDPH����7D[D�GH�vQKXPDUH�VH�SODWHVWH�GH�DFXP�LQ�YDOXWD��ILLQGFD�GHFHVXO�VH�FRQVLGHUD�D�IL�SDUDVLUHD�GHILQLWLYD�D�WDULL����2�RUGRQDQWD�UHFHQWD�D�JXYHUQXOXL�FHUH�WXWXURU�SHQVLRQDULORU�FDUH�DX�vPSOLQLW����GH�DQL�VD�VH�PXWH�OD�WDUD��3HQVLRQDULL�vQFDX]D�VXQW�GH�DFRUG��vQ�SULQFLSLX��vQVD�FX�R�FRQGLWLH��(L�VD�DOHDJD�WDUD�����8Q�UHSRUWHU�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�,OLHVFX��&H�SDUHUH�DYHWL�GHVSUH�DFHVWH�DOHJHUL"�'DWL�VL�XQ�SURQRVWLF��0D��FH�VD�]LF��JKLRFXO�]LFH�FD�V�DU�SXWHD�VD�FkVWLJ��1X�DP�VWLXW�FD�GDWL�FX�JKLRFXO�FD�VD�GDWL�XQ�SURQRVWLF����Ì�'H�FH�DX�XUPDULW�URPkQLL�HFOLSVD�FX�DWvWD�LQWHUHV"5�3HQWUX�FD�D IRVW�VLQJXUXO�HYHQLPHQW�GLQ�XOWLPD�YUHPH�FDUH�D�IRVW�SURJQR]DW�VL�V�D�VL�vQWkPSODW������8Q�FXQRVFXW�VHQDWRU�D�IRVW�VXSXV�XQHL�LQWHUYHQWLL�FKLUXUJLFDOH�XUJHQWH��,�V�D�H[SHGLDW�R�WHOHJUDPD�FX�XUPDWRUXO�WH[W��6HQDWXO��DGXQDW�vQ�SOHQ��YD�XUHD]D�R�FkW�PDL�JUDEQLFD�vQVDQDWRVLUH��FX�����YRWXUL�SHQWUX������FRQWUD�VL���DEWLQHUL�����,OLHVFX�LQWUD�vPSUHXQD�FX�QHYDVWD�vQWU�XQ�UHVWDXUDQW�vQ�/RQGUD�VL�FRPDQGD�XQ�FRWOHW��&KHOQHUXO�vO�vQWUHDED��%LQH�ELQH��GDU�FXP�H�FX��YDFD�QHEXQD�",OLHVFX�UDVSXQGH��9DFD�QHEXQD�VD�FRPDQGH�FH�YUHD����ÌQ�3DUODPHQW�XUPHD]D�VD�VH�YRWH]H�R�OHJH�SULQ�FDUH��OD�ILHFDUH�VWDWLH�GH�EHQ]LQD��VD�VH�SXQD�XQ�SVLKLDWUX�VL�XQ�SROLWLVW�3VLKLDWUXO�VD�FRQVWDWH�VWDUHD�GH�VDQDWDWH�PLQWDOD�D�FHORU�FDUH�FXPSDUD��LDU�GDFD�VXQW�vQWUHJL�OD�FDS��VD�L�GHD�SH�PkQDSROLWLVWXOXL��VD�YDGD�GH�XQGH�DX�EDQL������&LFD�(PLO�&RQVWDQWLQHVFX�PHUJHD�SH�PDOXO�XQXL�ODF���/D�FkWLYD�SDVL�SHVWLVRUXO�FH�VH�]EDWHD�SH�XVFDW���0LOX�vO�LD�VL�ODUXQFD�vQ�DSD��3HVWLVRUXO�IHUPHFDW��$FXP�FHOH���WUDGLWLRQDOH�GRULQWL�FDUH�YRU�IL�QXPDL�GRXD��FH�YUHL�VL�WX�DFXPD�H�LQIODWLH���6�R�DX]LP�SH�SULPD�0LOX��3DL�H�R�IDWD�WDUH�IUXPRDVD�XQGHYD�vQ�YHVW��R�FKHDPD�&ODXGLD�6FKLIIHU��VWLL�DV�YUHD�VL�HX�R�QRDSWH�FX�HD���3HVWLVRUXO�1X�VH�SRDWH���H�SUHD�GHSDUWH�VL�PDL�WUHEXLH�VD�vQRW�vPSRWULYD�FXUHQWXOXL�SH�'XQDUH�vQ�VXV���(�SUHD�PXOW�GH�PHUV���1�DL�VL�WXDOWD�GRULQWD"""0LOX��3DL�GDFD�VH�SRDWH�DV�YUHD�VD�UDPkQ�SUHVHGLQWH����+PP���VL�FXP�]LFHDL�FD�R�FKHDPD�SH�IDWD�DLD"���9DULDQWD�,RQ�,OLHVFX�SLHUGH�DOHJHULOH�GLQ�QRLHPEULH�VL��ILUHVWH��GHYLQH�VHQDWRU�DO�3'65��DYkQG�WLPS�GLVSRQLELO�EHUHFKHW��&D�DWDUH��V�DGXV�OD�SHVFXLW�SH�PDOXO�'kPERYLWHL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�D�SULQV�XQ�SHVWLVRU�VL�D�GDW�VD�L�UXSD�JkWXO�VL�VD�O�SXQD�SH�JUDWDU�3HVWLVRUXO��6WDL��(X�VLQW�SHVWLVRUXO�GH�DXU��'DFD�PD�DUXQFL�vQDSRL�vQ�DSD��vWL�vQGHSOLQHVF�RULFH�GRULQWD�,OLHVFX��+P���2ULFH�"�$WXQFL���DV�YUHD�VD�PD�FXOF�FX�6KDURQ�6WRQH��6WDL�QHQH��2�GRULQWD��DVD��VD�SRDWD�IL�vQGHSOLQLWD�SH�SODQ�QDWLRQDO��FD�HX�VLQW�SHVWLVRU�GLQ�'kPERYLWD��QX�GLQ�$WODQWLF��1DWLRQDOD��]LFL��$WXQFL�ID�PD�vQFD�SDWUX�DQL�SUHVHGLQWH�/D�FDUH�SHVWLVRUXO�VSXQH��$X]L"�&XP�]LFL�FD�R�FKHPD�SH�DLD"

Page 278: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���$YLRQXO�6DQFWLWDWLL��3DSD�,RDQ�3DXO�DO���,,���OHD�DWHUL]HD]D�SH�DHURSRUWXO�%DQHDVD��'XSD�R�FHUHPRQLH�IDVWXDVD�DFHVWD�VHXUFD�vQ�3DSD�PRELO�VL�SRUQHVWH�SH�WUDVHXO�VWDELOLW�GH�RILFLDOLWDWL��FX�YLWH]D�GH����.P�K��'XSD�R�EXFDWD�GH�GUXP�SDUFXUVD��3DSDvQFHSH�VD�VH�SOLFWLVHDVFD�VL�vL�VSXQH�VRIHUXOXL�VD�RSUHDVFD��$FHVWD�QHGXPHULW�FRERDUD��VL�VH�vQGUHDSWD�FDWUH�6DQFWLWDWHD�VD�3DSD��+DL�XUFD�vQ�VSDWH��vQ�ORFXO�PHX�FD�DP�vQFHSXW�VD�PD�SOLFWLVHVF�VL�VD�DPRUWHVF�9UHDX�VD�FRQGXF�HX�6RIHUXO��'DU�QX�VH�SRDWH�DVD�FHYD��9D�URJ�IUXPRV�vPL�SLHUG�VOXMED��$X]L�HX�VXQW�DO�PDL�PDUH�DLFL��7LH�FODU"6H�XUFD�3DSD�OD�YRODQ�VL�vQFHSH�VD�IXJD�FX����������SH�OD�$UFXO�GH�WULXPI��8Q�SROLWLVW�YD]kQG�PDVLQD�JRQLQG��R�RSUHVWH�FXFKLX�FX�YDL��9D]kQG�FLQH�HVWH�vQ�PDVLQD�UDSRUWHD]D�LPHGLDW�VXSHULRUXOXL��3ROLWLVWXO��6HIXC�DP�RSULW�R�PDVLQD�VL�FUHG�FD�DP�GDW�GH�EHOHD�6XSHULRUXO��8Q�GHSXWDW�VDX�VHQDWRU��QX"���$L�GDW�GH�GUDFX�3ROLWLVWXO��1X�VHIXC��PDL�PDUH�6XSHULRUXO��8Q�PLQLVWUX��DVWD�H��QX"�3RWL�VD�WL�LHL�DGLR��1X�VHIXC��PDUH��PDUH��3H�5DGX�9DVLOH��FXPYD"�1X�HVWL�VDQDWRV�OD�FDS��1X�VHIXC��PDUH�GH�WRW��(�FODU�O�DL�RSULW�SH�&RQVWDQWLQHVFX��'DL�GUXPXO�LPHGLDW�FD�DOWIHO�QH�SDVWH�XQ�QHFD]�PDUH��LGLRWXOH��1X�VHIXC�H�PDUH�GH�WRW��GRPQHC��'D��FLQH�H�DVWD"�1X�VWLX�VHIXC��GDU�vO�DUH�VRIHU�SH�3DSD����0XQFLWRUXO�DPHULFDQ�VH�WUH]HVWH�GLPLQHDWD�OD�RUD����vVL�EHD�FDIHDXD��vVL�VDUXWD�QHYDVWD�VL�FRSLLL��VH�VXLH�OD�YRODQXO�)RUG�XOXL�SURSULX�VL�VH�GXFH�OD�8]LQHOH�&KU\VOHU��XQGH�HVWH�PXQFLWRU�FDOLILFDW�0XQFLWRUXO�IUDQFH]�VH�WUH]HVWH�GLPLQHDWD�OD�RUD����vVL�EHD�FDIHDXD��vVL�VDUXWD�QHYDVWD�VL�FRSLLL��VH�VXLH�OD�YRODQXO�5HQDXOW�XOXLSURSULX�VL�VH�GXFH�OD�8]LQHOH�3HXJHRW��XQGH�HVWH�PXQFLWRU�FDOLILFDW�0XQFLWRUXO�URPkQ�VH�WUH]HVWH�GLPLQHDWD�OD�RUD����QX�vVL�EHD�FDIHDXD��H�SUHD�VFXPSD������QX�vVL�VDUXWD�QHYDVWD��H�SOHFDWD�GH�OD��VD�GXFD�SOR]LL�OD�FUHVD������VH�VXLH�LQ�WUDPYDLXO����GDFD�PDL�DUH�ORF�SH�VFDUD�����VL�VH�GXFH�OD�8]LQHOH�)DXU��XQGH�6WDWXO�5RPkQSRVWGHFHPEULVW�O�D�IDFXW�$&7,21$5�����'RPQXOH��YUHWL�VD�DYHWL�SXWLQ�JULMD�GH�ELFLFOHWD�PHD�SkQD�PD�vQWRUF"�'RPQXOH��GDU�HX�VXQW�SDUODPHQWDU��1X�L�QLPLF��DP�vQFUHGHUH�WRWXVL������1L[RQ�SOkQJH�SH�VFDUL�OD�&DVD�$OED��'XPQH]HX�vO�YHGH��YLQH�OkQJD�HO�VL�O�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�SOkQJL�WX�5LFKDUG�"�&XP�VD�QX�SOkQJ�'RDPQH�"�5D]ERLXO�GLQ�9LHWQDP�QX�VH�PDL�VIkUVHVWH�VL�����5LFKDUG�GUDJD��ID�SDFH�VL�R�VD�YH]L����$VH]DW�SH�WUHSWHOH�.UHPOLQXOXL��%UHMQHY�SOkQJH�FX�VXJKLWXUL��'XPQH]HX�vO�YHGH�VL�VH�DSURSLH�GH�HO��&H�QHFD]XUL�DL�WX�/HRQLGH�"�'RDPQH�QR�PDL�VFRW�OD�FDSDW�FX�FKLQH]LL��/HRQLGH��PXWD�WUXSHOH�GLQ�(XURSD�OD�JUDQLWD�FKLQH]D�ÌQ�IDWD�3DUWLGXOXL�1DWLRQDO�7DUDQHVF���&UHVWLQ�VL�'HPRFUDW��&RSRVX�SOkQJH�DPDUQLF��'XPQH]HX�vO�YHGH�VL�LPHGLDW�FRERDUDOkQJD�HO��&H�VH�vQWkPSOD�3XLXOH�"�6SXQH�PL�FXP�VD�WH�DMXW�"&RUQHOLX�&RSRVX��QX�VFRDWH�XQ�FXYkQW�VL�SULQWUH�VXJKLWXUL�DUDWD�FX�PkQD�vQ�MXU��'XPQH]HX�SULYHVWH�LPSUHMXU��VL�vQFHSH�VDSOkQJD�VL�(/����ÌQWkOQLUH�OD�*XYHUQ�FX�OLGHULL�VLQGLFDOL��6L�FUHGHWL�FD�SULPXO�PLQLVWUX��FDUH�D�IRVW�GH�DO�QRVWUX��VLQGLFDOLVW��HUD�ELQH�GLVSXV�FkQG�DWL�FHUXW�PDULUHD�VDODULLORU"�&UHG�FD�GD��6�D�SUDEXVLW�GH�UkV�������$L�DX]LW�FD�GLUHFWRUXO�GH�OD�%$1&25(;�D�LQWUDW�OD�DSD"�)LL�OLQLVWLW��7RWL�GLUHFWRULL�GH�EDQFL�FDUH�DX�LQWUDW�SkQD�DFXP�OD�DSD��DX�GRYHGLW�FD�VWLX�VD�vQRDWH�������$L�YD]XW��]LVH�XQ�SDUODPHQWDU��WUHQXULOH�VXQW�PDL�VFXPSH�GHFkW�DQXO�WUHFXW��'D��GDU�DX�DYDQWDMXO�FD�DMXQJL�PDL�WkU]LX�OD�GHVWLQDWLH������'LVFXUV�LQ�3DUODPHQW�

Page 279: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�����VL�FUHGHWL�PD�GRPQLORU��SkQD�DFXP�GLQ�JXUD�PHD�QX�D�LHVLW�QLFL�XQ�QHDGHYDU��3RDWH�D�LHVLW�GLQ�QDV��VH�DX]L�R�YRFH�GLQ�VDOD�����'HSXWDOXO�QRVWUX�YRUEHVWH�VLQJXU��'DU�DO�YRVWUX"�6L�DO�QRVWUX�GDU�HVWH�FRQYLQV�FD�QRL�vO�DVFXOWDP�������/D�QRL��GXSD�DOHJHULOH�GLQ�����V�D�LQVWDXUDW�SH�GHSOLQ�GHPRFUDWLD��&HL�FDUH�DX�YRWDW�SHQWUX�QRXD�FRQGXFHUH�D�WDULL��DXSRVLELOLWDWHD�GH�D�DOHJH�OLEHU��&H�VD�PDL�DOHDJD"�6D�DOHDJD�vQ�LDUQD�DVWD��RUL�VD�UHQXQWH�OD�FDOGXUD��DSD�FDOGD��OXPLQD�VL�WHOHIRQ��RUL�VD�PRDUD�GH�IRDPH������3UHVHGLQWHOH�6HQDWXOXL�VL�DO�3'��3HWUH�5RPDQ��D�IRVW�vQWUHEDW�GH�XQ�]LDULVW�PDL�LQGLVFUHW��&XP�DWL�UHXVLW�OD�DOHJHULOH�WUHFXWH�VD�VWUkQJHWL�DWkWHD�YRWXUL�SHQWUX�SDUWLGXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"�)RDUWH�VLPSOX��(X�DP�GDW�VLVWHPDWLF�EDFVLV�WD[LPHWULVWLORU��FKHOQHULORU�VL�IUL]HULORU��GDU�vQ�VFKLPE�QX�XLWDP�VD�UHFRPDQG��9RWDWL�FX�3'65����/D�0LQLVWHUXO�0XQFLL�VL�3URWHFWLHL�6RFLDOH��'RPQXOH�PLQLVWUX��WHOHIRQLVWHL�QRDVWUH�GH�OD�FHQWUDOD�L�D�VODELW�DSURDSH�FRPSOHW�DX]XO��&H�YUHWL��GXSD�DWkWLD�DQL����0XW�R�OD�'HSDUWDPHQWXO�GH�1HJRFLHUL�FX�6LQGLFDWHOH�VDX�OD�JKLVHXO�GH�UHFODPDWLL�GH�OD�SRDUWD����6HQDWRULL��vQWUH�HL��0DUL�GRELWRFL�VXQWHP�QRL��EDUEDWLL��GRPQXOH�VHQDWRU��7H�URJ�VD�IDFL�DSUHFLHUHD�OD�VLQJXODU��FROHJD��0DUH�GRELWRF�HVWL��GRPQXOH�VHQDWRU����Ì�6LWL�FDUH�HVWH�GLOHPD�URPkQXOXL�GXSD����DQL�GH�WUDQ]LWLH"5�([LVWD�RDUH�YLDWD�vQDLQWH�GH�PRDUWH"%DQFXUL�FX�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��8Q�DVFXOWDWRU�VRYLHWLF�vQWUHDED�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��XQGH�VL�FkQG�D�IRVW�LQYHQWDW�VWHS�XO�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�UDVSXQGH�6WHSXO�D�IRVW�LQYHQWDW�vQ�8QLXQHD�6RYLHWLFD�VL�D�IRVW�SHQWUX�SULPD�GDWD�IRORVLW�vQ�IDPLOLD�OXL�6WHSDQ�6WHSDQRY�6WHSDQLYLFL�FDUHDYHD�]HFH�FRSLL�VL�R�VLQJXUD�ROLWD�GH�QRDSWH���5DGLR�(UHYDQ�HVWH�vQWUHEDW��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�VH�SRDWH�IDFH�GUDJRVWH�FX�IHUHDVWUD�GHVFKLVD"�'D��GDU�HVWH�GH�SUHIHUDW�FX�R�IHPHLH���5DGLR�(UHYDQ�H�vQWUHEDW��&XP�H�PDL�ELQH�VD�IDFL�GUDJRVWH"�&X�JHDPXO�GHVFKLV�VDX�FX�JHDPXO�vQFKLV"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�H�ELQH�VD�IDFL�VL�FX�JHDPXO�GHVFKLV�VL�FX�JHDPXO�vQFKLV��GDU�H�SUHIHUDELO�FX�R�IHPHLH�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��3XWHP�IDFH�EDLH�GDFD�DYHP�GLDUHH"�3XWHWL��GDFD�DYHWL�GHVWXOD���/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ���6H�SDWH�UDPkQH�vQVDUFLQDWD�GH�OD�GLVWDQWD�"�'D��GDFD�GLVWDQWD�H�PDL�PLFD�GHFkW�OXQJLPHD���2�DVFXOWDWRDUH�vQWUHDED�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��7RW�WLPSXO�EDUEDWLL�PL�VH�XLWD�OD�VkQL���&H�SRW�VD�IDF"5DGLR�(UHYDQ�vQWUHDED�OD�UkQGXO�OXL��'D�FkWL�DQL�DYHWL"�����UDVSXQGH�GRDPQD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�UDVSXQGH��$WXQFL�vQFHWDWL�VD�PDL�SXUWDWL�IXVWH�PLQL���/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��6H�SRDWH�IDFH�FRPXQLVP�LQ�(OYHWLD"

Page 280: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�6H�SRDWH��GDU�H�SDFDW���ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�SRW�OXD����DQL�vQFKLVRDUH�SHQWUX�GHFODUDUHD�vQ�3LDWD�5RVLH�FD�6WDOLQ�H�FUHWLQ"�'D��GHRDUHFH�DFHVWD�H�XQ�VHFUHW�GH�VWDW�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�SRDWH�SXQH�ED]D�SH�WRY��1LFRODH�&HDXVHVFX"�'D��GDU�HVWH�GH�SUHIHUDW�VD�VH�SXQD�DFLG����8Q�DVFXOWDWRU�vQWUHDED�GDFD�VH�SRDWH�IDFH�GUDJRVWH�vQ�SDWUX�ODEH��1RL�vL�UDVSXQGHP�FD�GD��VH�SRDWH�IDFH��VIDWXO�GRFWRUXOXL�ILLQG�XUPDWRUXO�XQD�GLPLQHDWD��XQD�OD�SUkQ]�VL�GRXD�vQDLQWH�GH�FXOFDUH�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�S D�H�GXOFH"�1X�VWLP�H[DFW��GDU�FLQH�vQWUHDED�"�8Q�JUXS�GH�GLDEHWLFL������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�SRDWH�IDFH�FX�RX�VL�FX�RWHW�XQ�RP"�'D��GDU�HVWH�PDL�VLPSOX�FX�XQ�EDUEDW����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&X�FLQH�VH�vQYHFLQHD]D�8566"�&X�FLQH�YUHD����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6XQWHP�XQ�JUXS�GH�DVFXOWDWRUL�ILGHOL�DL�DFHVWXL�SRVW�VL�DP�GRUL�VD�DIODP�GH�FH�D�PXULW�WRY��$QGURSRY���6WLPDWL�DVFXOWDWRUL��QX�VWLP�H[DFW�GH�FH�D�PXULW�WRY��$QGURSRY��WRW�FH�VWLP�H�FD�OD�DXWRSVLH�D�VXIHULW�FXPSOLW����5DGLR�(UHYDQ��RQ�OLQH���&H�IDFH�]E�]]]E�]]]]E�"�2�DOELQD�FDUH�GD�vQDSRL����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�IHPHLOH�WUDLHVF�PDL�PXOW�GHFkW�EDUEDWLL"�'HVLJXU��0DL�DOHV�YDGXYHOH����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�SRDWH�IDFH�GUDJRVWH�vQ�IXJD"�1LFLRGDWD��SHQWUX�FD�R�IHPHLH�FX�IXVWHOH�vQ�FDS�DOHDUJD�PDL�UHSHGH�GHFkW�XQ�EDUEDW�FX�SDQWDORQLL�SH�YLQH����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&XP�DVH]L�VDVH�HOHIDQWL�vQWU�XQ�0RVNYLF�"�7UHL�vQ�IDWD��WUHL�vQ�VSDWH����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&DUH�VSHFLH�GH�HOHIDQWL�VDUH�FkW�7XUQXO�(LIIHO"�2ULFDUH��FkW�VDUH�7XUQXO�(LIIHO�VDUH�RULFH�HOHIDQW����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&H�VD�IDF�FD�VD�SDU�PDL�VXEWLUH�"�ÌQWXQHULF��GRDPQD����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��0�DP�PDULWDW�FX�XQ�YDGXY��LDU�HO�QX�FRQWHQHVWH�VD�PL�YRUEHDVFD�GH�IRVWD�OXL�VRWLH��&H�VD�IDF"�9RUELWL�L�GHVSUH�YLLWRUXO�GYV��VRW����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&DUH�VXQW�SDVDULOH�FHOH�PDL�vQDLQWDWH�vQ�YkUVWD"�&HOH�vPSDLDWH�

Page 281: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&H�PDL�SRWL�GD�MRV�GH�SH�VHFUHWDUD�JRDOD"�'LUHFWRUXO����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&H�HVWH�XQ�FHOLEDWDU"�8Q�RP�FDUH�D�SLHUGXW�RFD]LD�GH�D�IDFH�QHIHULFLWD�R�IHPHLH����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&H�HVWH�FDVDWRULD"�2�IRUWDUHDWD�DVHGLDWD��FHL�GH�DIDUD�YRU�VD�LQWUH��LDU�FHL�GLQDXQWUX�YRU�VD�LDVD������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�IHPHLH�VL�R�RJOLQGD"�2JOLQGD�UHIOHFWD�IDUD�D�YRUEL��IHPHLD�YRUEHVWH�IDUD�D�UHIOHFWD����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��'H�FH�YLQ�IHWHOH�OD�PDUH"�3HQWUX�FD�V�DX�VDWXUDW�GH�PLFD����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��7RDWH�FLXSHUFLOH�SRW�IL�PkQFDWH"�7RDWH��GDU�XQHOH�QXPDL�RGDWD������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6XQW�R�IHPHLH�GH����GH�DQL��&H�VD�IDF�FD�VD�PL�VWHD�VkQLL�GUHSWL"�6WDWL�vQ�SDWUX�ODEH����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�SRVLELO�FD�R�IHPHLH�VD�QDVFD�GH�PDL�PXOWH�RUL�vQ�DFHODVL�DQ�FDOHQGDULVWLF"�1X��WRYDUDVH�1LFRODH�&HDXVHVFX����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�vQ�5RPkQLD����'D��HVWH�DGHYDUDW����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&DUH�DX�IRVW�SULPHOH�FXYLQWH�SH�FDUH�OH�D�VSXV�*DJDULQ�FkQG�V�D�vQWRUV�GLQ�VSDWLX"�3ULPHOH�OXL�FXYLQWH�OD�vQWRDUFHUH�DX�IRVW���8QGH�H�SRUFXO�DOD�FDUH�PL�D�SURPLV�FD�DVWD�L�DYLRQXO�SHQWUX�3DULV"�"""����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��6SXQHWL�PL��FXP�VD�SURFHGH]�SHQWUX�D�HPLJUD�vQ�68$�""�/DVDWL�QXPHOH�VL�DGUHVD�H[DFWD�VL�YD�YHQL�FLQHYD�VD�YD�LD������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&H�HVWH�.*%�XO"�,QLPD�SDUWLGXOXL�FDUH�EDWH��EDWH��EDWH�������8QD�vQWUHDED�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�SRDWH�EHD�DSD�vQ�ORF�GH�DQWLFRQFHSWLRQDOH"�'D��ELQHvQWHOHV��ÌQDLQWH�VDX�GXSD"�ÌQ�ORF�GH����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��ÌVL�IDFH�HIHFWXO�VL�SH�/XQD�SLOXOD�DQWLFRQFHSWLRQDOD"�'D��GDU�FRVWXPXO�VSDWLDO�RIHUD�R�SURWHFWLH�PXOW�PDL�EXQD����5DGLR�(UHYDQ��,XELW�SRSRU��HVWH�RUD���VL�WRYDUDVXO�SUHVHGLQWH�(OWLQ�WRFPDL�VH�WUH]HVWH��(�WLPSXO�FD�VL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�VD�YD�WUH]LWL�&HYD�PDL�WkU]LX��,XELW�SRSRU��HVWH�RUD���VL�MXPDWDWH��WRYDUDVXO�SUHVHGLQWH�(OWLQ�vVL�IDFH�vQYLRUDUHD�GH�GLPLQHDWD��(�WLPSXO�FD�VL�GXPQHDYRDVWUDVD�YD�IDFHWL�PLVFDUH�

Page 282: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

6L�PDL�WkU]LX��,XELW� SRSRU�� HVWH� H[DFW� RUD��� VL� WRYDUDVXO�SUHVHGLQWH�(OWLQ� WRFPDL� VHUYHVWH�0LFXO�'HMXQ��SHQWUX� SRSRUXO� VRYLHWLF��PX]LFDSRS DUD����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��8QGH�VWD��GH�IDSW��FHO�FDUH�LQYHQWHD]D�JOXPHOH�FX�5DGLR�(UHYDQ"�1X�VWLP�H[DFW�GDU�YD�VWD�PDL�PXOW�WLPS�DFROR����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�RSWLPLVW�VL�XQQ�SHVLPLVW"�'LIHUHQWD�HVWH�FD�RSWLPLVWXO�vQYDWD�OLPED�HQJOH]D�LDU�SHVLPLVWXO�FKLQH]D����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�&HDLNRYVNL�D�IRVW�KRPRVH[XDO"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�DFHVWD�QX�HVWH�VLQJXUXO�PRWLY�SHQWUX�FDUH�vO�LXELP�DWkW�GH�PXOW����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�SRDWH�FD�FLQHYD�VD�ILH�XQ�EXQ�FRPXQLVW�VL�WRWRGDWD�VL�XQ�EXQ�FUHVWLQ"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�GH�FH�VD�YD�IDFHWL�YLDWD�GH�GRXD�RUL�PDL�JUHD�"���ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��$U�IL�IRVW�SRVLELO�FD�vQ�ORFXO�OXL�-��)��.HQQHG\�VD�ILH�vPSXVFDW�1LNLWD�&UXVFKRZ"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�vQWUHEDUHD�HVWH�GDFD�2QDVVLV�DU�PDL�IL�OXDW��vQ�DFHVW�FD]��YDGXYD�GH�QHYDVWD����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��3RW�PRUFRYLL�VD�FUHDVFD�SRWHQWD"�ÌQ�SULFLSLX�GD��GDU�VXQW�vQ�JHQHUDO�GHVWXO�GH�JUHX�GH�OHJDW������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�OD�D�]HFHD�DQLYHUVDUH�D�3DUWLGXOXL�VDODULLOH�YRU�FUHVWH�FX�FLQFL]HFL�GH�SURFHQWH"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�LQYHUV��OD�D�FLQ]HFHD�DQLYHUVDUH�D�3DUWLGXOXL�VL�DWXQFL�FX�]HFH�SURFHQWH����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�FRVPRQDXWXO�,XUL�JDJDULQ�D�FkVWLJDW�R�H[FXUVLH�vQ�86$"�ÌQ� SULQFLSLX� GD�� GDU� QX� D� IRVW� FRVPRQDXWXO� ,XUL�*DJDULQ� FL� XQ� SHQVLRQDU�� FDUH� QX� VH� QXPHVWH� ,XUL� FL�2OHJ� VL� QLFL� PDFDU*DJDULQ�FL�*DJDQRII��QX�D�IRVW�vQ�86$�FL�vQ�.LHY�VL�HUD�YRUED�GH�R�H[FXUVLH�FL�R�ELFLFOHWD��SH�FDUH�QX�D�FkVWLJDW�R�FL�L�D�IRVWIXUDWD����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�vQ�8FUDLQD�FHUHDOHOH�FUHVF�DVD�GH�vQDOWH�FD�VL�VWkOSLL�GH�WHOHJUDI"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�QX�VXQW�DVD�GH�vQDOWH�FL�DVD�GH�UDUH����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�XOWLPD�FROHFWLH�D�&DVHL�GH�0RGD�GLQ�0RVFRYD�D�IRVW�GHMD�FXPSDUDWD�vQ�vQWUHJLPH"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��6WXGLRXO�GH�)LOP�0RVFRYD�D�FXPSDUDW�R�SHQWUX�XQ�ILOP�LVWRULF����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��([LVWD�OD�QRL�PDL�PXOW�XPRU�GHFkW�vQ�DOWH�SDUWL"�'D��GDU�QRL�DYHP�QHYRLH�GH�HO����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�UXVLL�DX�IRVW�SULPLL�FDUH�DX�IRWRJUDILDW�FHDODOWD�IDWD�D�/XQLL"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��&RPLWHWXO�&HQWUDO�vVL�WLQH�VHGLQWHOH�DFROR����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��'HYLQ�VRWLLOH�QRDVWUH��FX�DMXWRUXO�PDVWLORU�FRVPHWLFH��PDL�IUXPRDVH��ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�QXPDL�SHQWUX�VFXUW�WLPS��SHQWUX�FD�PDVWLOH�FRVPHWLFH�GXSD�XVFDUH�WUHEXLH�GDWH�MRV����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��/D�QRL�OD�VHUYLFL�D�IRVW�XQ�FROHJ�GDW�DIDUD�FD�vQWkU]LD�vQWRWGHDXQD��0RWLYXO��VDERWD�SURGXFWLD��8Q�DOWXO�D�IRVW�GDW�DIDUD�SHQWUXFD�YHQHD�vQWRWGHDXQD�PDL� GHYUHPH��0RWLYXO�� VSLRQDM�HFRQRPLF��&HHD�FH�QX� vQWHOHJ�HVWH�GH�FH�H�GDW�DFXP�DIDUD�,JRU��FDUHYLQH�vQWRWGHDXQD�DWkW�GH�SXQFWXDO�OD�OXFUX"�(O�DUH�SUREDELO�XQ�FHDV�HOYHWLDQ�

Page 283: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��7RYDUDVH�UHGDFWRU�HVWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�VL�DPHULFDQLL�DX�SLWLFL"�ÌQ�SULFLSLX�GD�GDU�FHL�UXVHVWL�VXQW�PDL�PDUL����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�VL�%RULV�,HOWLQ�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�OD�XQ�FURV�vQ�MXUXO�.UHPOLQXOXL�VL�FD�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�D�FkVWLJDW"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�QX��(�DGHYDUDW�vQVD�FD�DPkQGRL�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�OD�XQ�FURV�LQWHUQDWLRQDO�vQ�MXUXO�.UHPOLQXOXL��%RULV�,HO]LQ�D�RFXSDW�GLQWUH�FHL�GRL�SDUWLFLSDQWL��RQRUDELOXO�ORF�GRL��&OLQWRQ�D�IRVW�SHQXOWLPXO������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�%XQXO�'XPQH]HX�SRDWH�GHYHQL�PHPEUX�GH�SDUWLG"�ÌQ�SULFLSLX�GD��GDU�LQ�SUHDODELO�WUHEXLH�VD�GHYLQD�DWHX����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�VL�EDUEDWLL�SRW�DYHD�FRSLL"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�QX��GDU�VH�IDF�WRW�WLPSXO�H[SHULPHQWH����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��7UHEXLH�VD�PD�KRWDUDVF�vQWUH�GRXD�IHPHL��XQD�HVWH�ILGHOD�VL�PXQFLWRDUH�GH�IUXQWH�FHDODOWD�R�IRDUWH�EXQD�DPDQWD��3H�FDUH�VD�RLDX�GH�QHYDVWD"�3H�PXQFLWRDUH��2�DPDQWD�SXWHWL�DYHD�WRW�WLPSXO������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�DUPDWHL�QRDVWUH�L�D�IRVW�FHUXW�DMXWRUXO�GH�FDWUH�&HKRVORYDFLD"�'D�FHUHUHD�GLQ������D�IRVW�DSUREDWD�vQ���������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�vQ�8QLXQHD�6RYLHWLFD�VH�YD�SXWHD�GLYRUWD�PDL�XVRU"�'D��FkQG�SDUWHQHUXO�PRDUH��FHODODOW�HVWH�OLEHU������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�DFXP�FHWDWHDQXO�VRYLHWLF�SRDWH�FRPDQGD�RELHFWH�GH�X]�FDVQLF�VL�DOLPHQWH�SULQ�,QWHUQHW"�'D��OLYUDUHD�VXFFHGD�vQVD�WRW�SULQ�,QWHUQHW������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��$P�DX]LW�FD�OD�QRL�QX�VH�PDL�SURGXF�DWkWHD�SDWXUL�FD�VL�vQDLQWH��(�DGHYDUDW"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��'H�FH� vQVD"� ,QWHOLJHQWD�GRDUPH�SH� UR]H�� DFWLYLVWLL�GRUP� vQ�SDUODPHQW�� VROGDWLL�YHJKHD]D�SDFHD�� WDUDQLL� vVLSD]HVF�RJRDUHOH��GXVPDQXO�GH�FODVD�QX�GRDUPH�VL�FHLODOWL�VWDX����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�UDGLR�(UHYDQ�GLQ�SDUWHD�URPkQLORU��&kQG�YRP�DYHD�VL�QRL�ERPED�DWRPLFD"5DVSXQV�GLQ�SDUWHD�VRYLHWLFLORU��&kQG�YD�YRP�GD�R�QRL����5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�DVSLULQD�DUH�HIHFW�DQWLFRQFHSWLRQDO"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDFD�HVWH�VWUkQV�WLQXWD�vQWUH�JHQXQFKL������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�5XEOD��'RODUXO�VL�3RXQGXO�DX�DFHHDVL�YDORDUH"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�HVWH�DVD�FD�XQ�SRXQG�GH�UXEOH�YDORUHD]D�FkW�XQ�GRODU����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��([LVWD�R�GHILQLWLH�PDU[LVW�OHQLQLVWD�SHQWUX��7DQF�"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD���7DQFXO�HVWH�XQ�PLMORF�GH�WUDQVSRUW�SHQWUX�H[FXUVLL� vQ�WDULOH�YHFLQH�VL�SULHWHQH��(O�SRDWH�WUDJH�IRFXUL�VL� vQVHPQ�GH�VDOXW�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&DUH�HUD�QXPHOH�FRQVSLUDWLY�DO�FXSOXOXL�,OLHVFX�9DFDURLX"��/D�YDFKH�TXL�ULW�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED�

Page 284: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�DFXP����GH�DQL�FKLQH]LL��DX�ERPEDUGDW�8QLXQHD�6RYLHWLFD"�'D��vQ�SULQFLSLX�HVWH�DGHYDUDW��6H�SRW�HVWLPD�SDJXEHOH�SURGXVH�DWXQFL"�1X�SHQWUX�FD�HL�DX�DUXQFDW�R�ERPED�GH�FDXFLXF��FDUH�PDL�VDUH�VL�DVWD]L����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��'H�FH�XQLL�DX�FKHOLH�VL�DOWLL�QX"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�WRWL�RDPHQLL�DX�FKHOLH��GDU�SH�XQHOH�FKHOLL�FUHVWH�SDU�SH�DOWHOH�QX����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��8QGH�H�JUDQLWD�GLQWUH�JHQLX�VL�QHEXQLH"�8QGHYD�SH�OD�6FRUQLFHVWL����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�SXULFLL�VL�FDSXVHOH�DU�SXWHD�IDFH�R�UHYROXWLH"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��FDFL�SULQ�DUWHUHOH�ORU�FXUJH�VkQJHOH�FODVHL�PXQFLWRDUH����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&H�HVWH�KDRVXO"'XSD�R�VFXUWD�SDX]D��1X�GDP�UDVSXQVXUL�OD�vQWUHEDUL�GLQ�DJULFXOWXUD����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�vQ�86$�ILHFDUH�DUH�SURSULXO�DXWRPRELO"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�SHQWUX�DFHDVWD�OD�QRL�ILHFDUH�DUH�SURSULXO�ORF�GH�SDUFDUH����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�SRW�PkQFD�LDUDVL�PHUH�GH�OD�&HUQREvO"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�VkPEXULL�WUHEXLH�GXSD�DFHHD�vQJURSDWL�vQ�FRQWDLQHUH�GH�SOXPE����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�VRFLHWDWHD�FDSLWDOLVWD�VH�SRDWH�DVHPDQD�FX�XQ�WUHQ�FDUH�DFFHOHUHD]D�vQ�GLUHFWLD�XQHL�SUDSDVWLL"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��$WXQFL�GH�FH�WUHEXLH�QHDSDUDW�FD�QRL�VD�vL�GHSDVLP"������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��6H�SRDWH�IDFH�GUDJRVWH�SH�WDYDQ"�'D��&X�FRQGLWLD�VD�QX�YD�FDGD�SODSXPD����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��=HEUHOH�VXQW�QHJUH�FX�GXQJL�DOEH��VDX�DOEH�FX�GXQJL�QHJUH"�'D����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&DUH�HVWH�FHO�PDL�SXWHUQLF�DUPDPHQW�GLQ�OXPH�"�&XLUDVDWXO�$XURUD��&UHLVHU�$YURUD�UXV����R�VDOYD�RDUED�VL����DQL�GH�GH]DVWUX����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��'DFD�HX�DP�GLDEHW��LDU�VRWXO�PHX�DUH�R�VHFUHWLH�DOED���ODSWRDVD���SXWHP�IDFH�FRSLL"�'D��GDU�PDL�ELQH�IDFH�WL�EH]HOH����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�SRDWH�OXD�R�ERDOD�YHQHULFD�vQWU�XQ�:�&��DO�XQXL�YDJRQ�GH�WUHQ"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�QX�H�FRPRG����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��9D�IL�XQ�DO�WUHLOHD�UD]ERL�PRQGLDO"�1X��GDU�OXSWD�SHQWUX�SDFH�YD�IL�DWvW�GH�SXWHUQLFD��vQFvW�QX�YD�PDL�UDPvQH�SLDWUD�SHVWH�SLDWUD����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�%UHMQHY�DUH�VSUvQFHQH�DVD�GH�JURDVH"�1X�VvQW�VSUvQFHQH��HVWH�PXVWDWD�OXL�6WDOLQ��OD�XQ�QLYHO�PDL�vQDOW�

Page 285: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��)LLFD�PHD�HVWH�IUXPRDVD��GDU�SURDVWD��7RWXVL�D�IRVW�SURSXVD�GH�PDLVWUX�SHQWUX�WLWOXO�GH��0XQFLWRDUH�GH�IUXQWH��7UHEXLH�VD�IDF�FHYD�vPSRWULYD"�1X��ODVDWL�DVWD�SH�VHDPD�VRWLHL�PDLVWUXOXL������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��$IODW� vQ� �YL]LWD� vQ�0RVFRYD�DP� vQQRSWDW� OD� XQ�KRWHO��&KLDU� OD� LQWUDUH� DP�FDOFDW� SH�XQ�JkQGDF��1RDSWHD�DP�YD]XW� VXWH�GHJkQGDFL�$UH�DVWD�FHYD�GH�D�IDFH�FX�SURJUHVXO"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�QX��GDU�DU�WUHEXL�VD�DYHWL�PDL�PXOWD�vQWHOHJHUH�SHQWUX�JkQGDFLL�FDUH��QRDSWHD��DX�vQPRUPkQWDW�JkQGDFXO�RPRUkWGH�GXPQHDYRDVWUD������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�vQ�8QLXQHD�6RYLHWLFD�FRPELQHOH�PX]LFDO�VWHUHR�QX�VXQW�QHFHVDUH"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��2ULFXP�VL�GLQ�VWkQJD�VL�GLQ�GUHDSWD�VH�DXGH�DFHODVL�OXFUX������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��0DL�FUHG�SHUVRDQHOH�PDMRUH��GLQ�8QLXQHD�6RYLHWLFD��vQ�0RV�&UDFLXQ"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�QX��vQ�SROLWLFD�GD������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6XQW�VRUD�PHGLFDOD�VL�DP�VDSWH�FRSLL��$FXP�XUPHD]D�VD�ILX�WUDQVIHUDWD�OD�5DGLRORJLH�(�DGHYDUDW�FD�UDGLDWLLOH�5|QWJHQ�SURYRDFD�VWHULOLWDWHD"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�QX�YD�ODVDWL�SH�DVWD������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��([LVWD�vQ�8QLXQHD�6RYLHWLFD���FHQ]XUD�FRUHVSRQGHQWHL�"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�QX��WRWXVL�VFULVRULOH�FX�FRQWLQXW�DQWLVRYLHWLF�QX�VH�DFFHSWD������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�vQ�PDULOH�LQWUHSULQGHUL�LQGXVWULDOH�VH�SUDFWLFD�QHSRWLVPXO"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�QX��ÌQ�PDULOH�LQWUHSULQGHUL�FRQVLOLLOH�GH�FRQGXFHUH�VH�DIOD�GH�RELFHL�IUDWL������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�vQ�XQLXQHD�6RYLHWLFD�FHQ]XUDWD�SUHVD"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�QX��1H�HVWH�vQVD��GLQ�SDFDWH��LPSRVLELO�VD�DSURIXQGDP�DFHVW�UDVSXQV������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6RWXO�PHX�HVWH�WRW�WLPSXOvQ�FDXWDUH�GH�QRL�SR]LWLL�SHQWUX�D�IDFH�VH[��&H�DV�SXWHD�VD�IDF"�7UHEXLH�VD�vO�ODPXULWL�FD�DU�IL�PDL�ELQH�VD�FDXWH�FHYD�GH�OXFUX������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�SHUPLV�vQ�8QLXQHD�6RYLHWLFD�VD�vQYDWDP�GLVFXWLLOH�OXL�0DR"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX��GD�GDU�QXPDL�vQ�RULJLQDO������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�vQ�8665�XQ�PHOF�vQDLQWHD]D�PDL�UHSHGH�FD�XQ�FDO"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��XQ�FDO�QX�VWDSkQHVWH�DUWD�WkUkVXOXL������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��*DVHVF�FD�vQWU�R�WDUD�DVD�GH�DYDQVDWD�FD�VL�8665�QX�HVWH�QRUPDO�FD�GLYRUWXO�VD�ILH�DVD�GH�GLILFLO�GH�UHDOL]DW�&H�SDUHUH�DYHWL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"�1RL�QX�PDL�DYHP�QHYRLH�GH�DFHDVWD�LQVWLWXWLH�D�GLYRUWXOXL�'DFD�XQXO�GLQ�SDUWHQHUL�HVWH�GH�SULVRV�QX�WUHEXLH�GHFkW�VD�vL�IDFHWL�FXQRVFXWD�.*%�XOL�RSLQLD�VD�SROLWLFD������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�GH�OD�R�WRDOHWD�SXEOLFD�VH�SRDWH�OXD�R�ERDOD�YHQHULFD"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD�GDU�GH�FH�DWvW�GH�FRPSOLFDW"���/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��6RWLD�PHD�HVWH�vQ�SUDJXO�GH�D�QDVWH��(FRQRPLD�QRDVWUD�GH�SODQ�OLYUHD]D�vQVD�VFXWHFH�GH�DELD�vQ���OXQL�&H�SXWHP�IDFH"�5HSHGH�����XQ�DOW�FRSLO���

Page 286: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��$P�FLWLW� vQ�]LDUXO�3UDYGD��FD�XQ�DQXPLW�,YDQ�*XVWLQRY�D� IRVW�FRQGDPQDW� OD���DQL� vQFKLVRDUH�SHQWUX�FD�D QXPLW��LGLRW��XQJHQHUDO�VRYLHWLF�1X�HVWH�SHGHDSVD�XQ�SLF�FDP�DVSUD"�1X��3HQWUX�LVXOWD�D�SULPLW�QXPDL���OXQL��UHVWXO�SHGHSVHL�GDWRULWD�IDSWXOXL�FD�D�WUDGDW�XQ�VHFUHW�PLOLWDU������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�RPXO�GLQ�OXQD�VLPSDWL]HD]D�FX�DPHULFDQLL"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD�GDU�SXWHUHD�VRFLDOLVPXOXL�VWD�RULFXP�GLQFROR�GH�OXQD����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�SRW�FLWL�URPDQHOH�OXL�$OH[DQGHU�6ROMQHWNL"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD�GDU�WUHEXLH�VD�vQWHOHJHWL�HQJOH]D�VDX�JHUPDQD������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�VRFLDOLVPXO�vQVHDPQD�HSRFD�GH�DXU�D�RPHQLULL"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�QX�WRW�FHHD�FH�VWUDOXFHVWH�HVWH�DXU����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��3RDWH�XQ�FHWDWHDQ�VRYLHWLF�VD�vVL�VSXQD�OLEHU�SDUHUHD"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��DWkWD�WLPS�FkW�UDPkQH�vQ�VWUDLQDWDWH�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��1X�DU�IL�PDL�VLPSOX�FD�WRWL�GXVPDQLL�SRSRUXOXL�VL�WRWL�WUDGDWRULL�GH�WDUD�VD�ILH�vQFKLVL"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�FLQH�VD�PDL�OXFUH]H�DWXQFL�vQ�IDEULFL�VL�SH�RJRDUH"����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��ÌQDLQWH�DP�DYXW�WDULVPXO��QHPLORV��GXSD�DFHHD�VWDOLQLVPXO�FUXG��&H�DYHP�D]L"�8LWDWL�YD�SH�FDOHQGDU��OXQL�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��([LVWD�R�GHILQLWLH�PDU[LVW�OHQLQLVWD�D�DXWRPRELOXOXL"�ÌQ� SULQFLSLX� GD�� $XWRPRELOXO� HVWH� XQ� PLMORF� GH� WUDQVSRUW� FX� �� URWL� vQ� FDUH� VH� GHSODVHD]D� FODVD� PXQFLWRDUH�� vQ� SHUVRDQDOLEHULORU�VDL�DOHVL�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�FHUHUHD�GH�ELFLFOHWH�GLQ������YD�IL�SH�GHSOLQ�DFRSHULWD"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��3kQD�DWXQFL�VH�YD�HPLWH�R�OHJH�FDUH�YD�SHGHSVL�RULFH�FHUHUH�FDUH�GHSDVHVWH�FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�SURGXFWLH�������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�QLYHOXO�GH�YLDWD��vQ�FHQWUHOH�QRDVWUH�GH�UHHGXFDUH��HVWH�IRDUWH�ULGLFDW��8QXO�GLQ�FROHJLL�QRVWULL��FDUH�QX�D�FUH]XW�DFHDVWD��D�SULPLW�SURPSW�RFD]LD��VD�OH�WHVWH]H�OD�ORFXO�FX�SULFLQD�1LYHOXO�GH�YLDWD�GH�DFROR�vL�SODFH��SUREDELO��DWkW�GH�PXOW�vQFkW�QX�D�PDL�WUHFXW�QLFLRGDWD�SH�DLFL�SH�OD�QRL��OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&XP�UHDFWLRQHD]D�JXYHUQXO�VRYLHWLF�vQWU�R�VLWXDWLH�IDUD�LHVLUH"�$P��PDL�VSXV�FD�QX�UHVSXQGHP�vQWUHEDUL�GLQ�GRPHQLXO�DJULFXOWXULL�������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�SRYHVWH�DPHULFDQD�VL�XQD�VRYLHWLFD"�3RYHVWH�DPHULFDQD�vQFHSH�FX��$�IRVW�RGDWD�����SH�FkQG�FHD�VRYLHWLFD�vQFHSH�FX��9D�YHQL�YUHPHD�FkQG��������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��6WLWL�FXPYD�FkQG�DX�DYXW�ORF�SULPHOH�DOHJHUL�GXSD�PRGHOXO�VRYLHWLF"�$VWD�V�D�vQWkPSODW�SHQWUX�SULPD�RDUD�vQ�3DUDGLV��FkQG�$GDP�VL�D�DOHV�VRWLD�������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�PLQXQDWHOH�FXFHULUL�DOH�VRFLDOLVPXOXL�VXQW�FXQRVFXWH�vQ�WRDWD�OXPHD"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�DFHVWD�H�PDUHOH�GH]DYDQWDM�DO�VRFLDOLVPXOXL�������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��6H�SRDWH�vQWkPSOD�FD�3DUWLGXO�VD�VH�vQVHOH"

Page 287: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�SUDFWLF�3DUWLGXO�QX�VH�vQVHDOD�QLFLRGDWD���ÌQFD�R�vQWUHEDUH��'H�XQGH�VWLWL�DVWD�DWkW�GH�H[DFW"�$P�vQWUHEDW�3DUWLGXO�������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��&H�V�DU�vQWkPSOD�GDFD�XQXL�WRYDUDV�GLQ�FRQGXFHUH�L�V�DU�IDFH�XQ�LPSODQWDW�GH�LQLPD�FX�R�LQLPD�D�XQXL�FDSLWDOLVW"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�QLPLF��OD�WRYDUDVLL�GLQ�FRQGXFHUHD�QRDVWUD�LQLPD�QX�MDFD�QLFL�XQ�URO�������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(X�VL�FROHJXO�PHX�GH�PXQFD�QH�DP�FHUWDW�D]L�vQ�SDX]D�SH�PRWLYXO��FDUH�HVWH�FHO�PDL�EXQ�GLQWUH�FRQGXFDWRULL�QRVWULL�(X�DP�VSXV�FD�%UHMQHY��$P�GUHSWDWH"��������5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�VFX]D�SHQWUX�QHDVWHSWDWD�FDGHUH�GH�FXUHQW�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�OD�YL]LWD�SULPXOXL�PLQLVWUX�OD�5RPD�VH�YD�VHPQD�XQ�DFRUG�vQWUH�HO�VL�SDSD"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�VH�PDL�GXF�WUDWDWLYH�GHVSUH�FXP�YD�VXQD�SULPD�SURSR]LWLH�D�DFRUGXOXL�3DSD�VXVWLQH�QHDSDUDW�FD�HD�VD�ILH���'XPQH]HX�D�FUHDW�RPXO���SH�FkQG�SULPXO�PLQLVWUX�GRUHVWH�VD�PDL�DGDXJH������VXE�GLUHFWDvQGUXPDUH�D�SDUWLGXOXL��������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW��FH�VH�VSXQH��FD�MXPDWDWH�GLQ�PHPEULL�&RPLWHWXOXL�&HQWUDO�VXQW�LGLRWL"�1X�H�DGHYDUDW��-XPDWDWH�GLQ�PHPEULL�QX�VXQW�LGLRWL�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�3DUWLGXO�SRDWH�IL�FULWLFDW"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�vQWUH�FHL�SDWUX�SHUHWL�DL�ORFXLQWHL�SURSULL�VH�WUDLHVWH�PDL�ELQH�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��7UHEXLH�FD�XQ�FRPXQLVW�FRQYLQV�VD�ILH�VL�XQ�RP�EXQ"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��'DU�DWL�PDL�vQWkOQLW�SkQD�DFXP�XQ�FRPXQLVW�FRQYLQV"����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��3RDWH�R�IHPHLH�LXELL�GRL�EDUEDWL�GHRGDWD"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�PDL�SUDFWLF�HVWH�XQXO�GXSD�DOWXO�GHFkW�GHRGDWD�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��&RQGXFDWRUXO�XQHL�EULJDGH�GH�IHPHL��GLQ�&ROKR]XO�QRVWUX��VH�IRORVHVWH�GH�SR]LWLD�VD�SHQWUX�DYHQWXUL�DPRURDVH�FX�IHPHLOH�GLEULJDGD�6RWLD�PHD�HVWH�VL�HD�vQ�DFHDVWD�EULJDGD��&H�WUHEXLH�VD�IDF"�ÌQFHUFDWL��FkW�GH�UHSHGH��VD�GHYHQLWL�VL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�VHI�GH�EULJDGD�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��ÌQ�ODJDUXO�QRVWUX�GH�PXQFD�QX�H[LVWD�QLFL�XQ�EDUEDW��R�WRYDUDVD�D�QDVFXW�GH�FXUkQG��&XP�V�D�SXWXW�vQWkPSOD�DVD�FHYD"�7RYDUDVD�FX�SULFLQD�D�DYXW�SUREDELO�UHODWLL�������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��&H�SRW�IDFH�SHQWUX�D�QX�PXUGDULL�SDWXO�vQ�QRDSWHD�QXQWLL"�6D�QX�EHWL�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��7UHEXLH�R�WkQDUD��FDUH�WUDLHVWH�GXSD�SULQFLSLLOH�PRUDOHL�VRFLDOLVWH��VD�ILH�OD�RUD���vQ�SDW"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��3HQWUX�FD�RULFXP�OD�RUD����WUHEXLH�VD�ILWL�DFDVD�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�SRDWH�SODQLILFD�VL�GUDJRVWHD�GXSD�PRGHOXO�FRPXQLVW"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�DU�IL�SDFDW�GH�GUDJRVWH�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��8Q�WRYDUDV�VL�D�JDVLW�VRWLD�FX�XQ�VWUDLQ�vQ�SDW�7RWXVL�YLQD�OD�GLYRUW�L�D�IRVW�GDWD�OXL��*DVLWL�DVWD�FRUHFW"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��7RYDUDVXO�D�YHQLW�FX�VLJXUDQWD�vQDLQWH�GH�WHUPLQDUHD�OXFUXOXL�DFDVD���

Page 288: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��6H�SRDWH�OXD�6LGD�GLQWU�R�FDQD��'D��GD�PDL�JUHX�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��&kQG�DP�VRVLW�LHUL�DFDVD�DP�JDVLW�R�SH�VRWLD�PHD�vQ�SDW�FX�VHFUHWDUXO�GH�SDUWLG�GLQ�ORFDOLWDWHD�QRDVWUD�0�DP�IDFXW�FD�QX�DP�REVHUYDW�QLPLF�VL�DP�LHVLW�WLSWLO�GLQ�FDVD��$P�UHDFWLRQDW�FRUHFW"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��'DU�VSHUDP�FD�QX�DWL�YL]LWDW�GXSD�DFHHD�VRWLD�VHFUHWDUXOXL�GH�SDUWLG��$WL�IL�SXWXW�DYHD�PDUL�QHSODFHUL�������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6RWXO�PHX�YLQH�vQ�ILHFDUH�VHDUD�EHDW�DFDVD�VL�vQMXUD�FRQGXFHUHD��&H�VD�IDF"�ÌQFHUFDWL�VD�vO�ORYLWL�FX�YROXPHOH�OXL�0DU[�ÌQFD�R�vQWUHEDUH�&X�FDUH�YROXP"�6L�SHVWH�FH"����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��'H�FH�PDL�VXQW�vQWUHWLQXWH�UHODWLLOH�GH�SULHWHQLH�FX�5HSXEOLFD�6RFLDOLVWD�5RPkQLD"�$FHDVWD�vQWUHEDUH�QX�R�SXWHP�QLFL�QRL�UDVSXQGH�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�VLWXDWLD�SROLWLFD�H[WHUQD��vQ�FLXGD�3HNLQXOXL��%HOJUDGXOXL�VL�%XFXUHVWLXOXL��vQFD�EXQD"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��(VWH�FKLDU�PLQXQDWD�vQ�FRPSDUDWLH�FX�FHD�GH�DQXO�YLLWRU�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�9RONVZDJHQ�XO�DXWRPRELOXO�SRSRUXOXL��YHVWLF�QX�HVWH�FRQGXV�QXPDL�GH�FDSLWDOLVWL"�'XSD�FXQRVWLQWHOH�QRDVWUH�QLFL�XQ�FDSLWDOLVW�QX�FRQGXFH�9RONVZDJHQ�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��$P�RFD]LD�VD�IDF�R�H[FXUVLH�vQ�YHVW��OD�R�vQWUXQLUH��3UHWXOXL�WUDQVSRUWXOXL�WUHEXLH�VD�O�SUHLDX�HX�VL�HVWH�GHVWXO�GH�ULGLFDW�6D�IDF�DFHDVWD�H[FXUVLH�VDX�QX"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��1X�WUHEXLH�VD�FXPSDUDWL�ELOHWXO�GXV�vQWRUV�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�VXQWHP�LQIHULRUL�DPHULFDQLORU��WHKQLF��HFRQRPLF�VL�PLOLWDU"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD�GDU�HVWH�GHVWXO�GH�GLILFLO�VD�OH�IDFHP�FODU�DFHVW�OXFUX�������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��$P�DX]LW�FD�vQ�5RPkQLD��vQWU�R�IDEULFD��D�IRVW�GDWD�MRV�R�OR]LQFD�SH�FDUH�VFULD���1RL�PXQFLP�PDL�ELQH�SHQWUX����UXVL�GHFkWSHQWUX�XQ�DPHULFDQ�&XP�SRDWH�IL�H[SOLFDW�DFHVW�OXFUX"�$P�FHUFHWDW�DFHDVW�HYHQLPHQW�LQH[SOLFDELO�PDL�vQGHDSURDSH��([SOLFDWLD�H�IRDUWH�VLPSOD��HUD�R�IDEULFD�GH�VLFULH�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��1X�DU�WUHEXL�GHVILQWDW�VSLRQDMXO"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�FH�YRP�IDFH�FX�PXOWLPHD�GH�VRPHUL"����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(�DGHYDUDW�FD�DYHP�UHODWLL�HFRQRPLFH�FX�FDSLWDOLVWLL"�%LQHvQWHOHV��&X�FLQH�DOWFLQHYD�VD�DYHP"����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��3XWHWL�VD�H[SOLFDWL�GH�FH�&DQDGD�OLYUHD]D�SH�SLDWD�DWkW�GH�PXOWH�FHUHDOH"�9LQRYDWD�HVWH�VXSUDSURGXFWLD�GH�WLS�FDSLWDOLVW�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��$U�IL�SRVLELO�FD�VL�FRQGXFHUHD�5HSXEOLFLL�3RSXODUH�8QJDULD�VD�IDFD�SRVLELOD�SRSXODWLHL�YL]LWHOH�vQ�YHVW"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�DWXQFL�8QJDULD�QX�DU�PDL�IL�UHSXEOLFD�SRSXODUD�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED�(VWH�SRVLELO�FD�VL�&KLQD�VD�LD�SDUWH�OD�]ERUXULOH�FRVPLFH"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��DWXQFL�FkQG���������GH�FKLQH]L�DU�VDUL�SH�R�SDUWH�D�WUDPEXOLQHL�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�

Page 289: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�&H�YRU�YHGHD�DVWURQDXWLL�QRVWULL�DWXQFL�FkQG�YRU�DWHUL]D�SH�/XQD"�'RL�DPHULFDQL�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�vQWRDUFHUHD�GH�SH�/XQD�vQWUDGHYDU�DWkW�GH�GLILFLOD"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�QX��7HFKQLF�SUREOHPD�HVWH�UH]ROYDWD��GDU�FXP�VD�REOLJDP�FRVPRQDXWLL�VD�VH�vQWRDUFD"����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��$P� LQYHQWDW� R� DUPD� IRDUWH� SXWHUQLFD�� R� VXSHUDUPD� FDUH� SXQH� WRWXO� vQ� XPEUD� vQ� GRPHQLXO� DUPDPHQWXOXL�3H� OkQJD� DVWDSULQFLSLXO�H�IRDUWH�VLPSOX�$P�WRDWH�FRPSRQHQWHOH�VL�QX�PDL�DP�QHYRLH�GHFkW�GH�QLVWH�YHQWLOH�GH�ELFLFOHWD��$WL�SXWHD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��VD�vPL�SURFXUDWLDFHVWH�SLHVH"�'LQ�SDFDWH�QX��6L�FH�SXWHP�QRL� IDFH�FX�R�DVWIHO�GH�DUPD�SHQWUX�SURGXFWLD�FDUHLD�DYHP� QHYRLH�GH�DVWIHO� GH�SLHVH�JUHX�GHJDVLW�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�QX�DPHULFDQLL�FL�QRL�VXQWHP�FHL�FDUH�DP�YD]XW�SULPD�RDUD�FHDODOWD�IDWD�D�/XQLL"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��$FHVW�WULXPI�vO�GDWRUDP�FHORU�FDUH�SODQLILFD�HFRQRPLD�QRDVWUD��(L�VH�DIOD�DFROR�GH�PXOWL�DQL�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�PDULOH�GHVFRSHULUL�DX�IRVW�IDFXWH�GH�UXVL"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��1RL�DP�LQYHQWDW�FKLDU�VL�LQYHQWDWRULL�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�SULPXO�VRYLHWLF�FDUH�YD�SDVL�SH�/XQD�YD�DYHD�FX�HO�R�VWLFOXWD�GH�SDUIXP�UXVHVF"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��1X�HVWH��vQVD��vQFD�GHPRQVWUDW�GDFD�SH�OXQD�WUHEXLH�VD�QH�IHULP�GH�LQVHFWH�VDX�QX�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�VXEPDULQHOH�VRYLHWLFH�GHWLQ�UHFRUGXO�PRQGLDO�OD�VFXIXQGDUH"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��'LQ������V�DX�VFXIXQGDW����GLQ�VXEPDULQHOH�QRDVWUH�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�SRW�SRYHVWL�JOXPH�FX�WRYDUDVXO�%UHMQHY"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��3HQWUX�VLJXUDQWD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�VSXQHWL�vQ�ORF�GH�%UHMQHY�PDL�ELQH�1L[RQ��0DR�VDX�7LWR�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�%UHMQHY�FROHFWLRQHD]D�EDFXULOH�FX�VL�GHVSUH�HO"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��'DU�HO�vL�FROHFWLRQHD]D�VL�SH�FHL�FDUH�VSXQ�DFHVWH�EDQFXUL�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��6H�UDVSODWHVF�JOXPHOH�FX�5DGLR�(UYDQ"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD�FX����GH�DQL�SkQD�OD��SH�YLDWD��������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VXQD�R�YRFH�GH�IHPHLH��$P� JDVLW� LHUL� XQ� SRUWPRQHX�� vQ� FDUH� VH� DIODX� ����� GH� UXEOH� VL� ������ GH� GRODUL�� $P� PDL� JDVLW� VL� R� FDUWH� GH� YL]LWD� vQSRUWPRQHX�$FHVWD�DSDUWLQH�OXL�9ODGLPLU�9ODGLPLURYLFL�/HIWHURY��(O�ORFXLHVWH�SH�EXOHYDUGXO�5HYROXWLHL�GLQ�2FWRPEULH�vQ�0RVFRYD��9DURJ�GHGLFDWL�XQ�FkQWHF�IUXPRV�SHQWUX�DFHVW�RP�������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��/D�QRL�vQ�VFRDOD�DP�GRUL�VD�SXQHP�vQ�VFHQD�SLHVD�OXL�6FKLOOHU��:LOKHOP�7HOO����HVWH�SHUPLV�DFHVW�OXFUX"5DGLR�(UHYDQ�UDVSXQGH��ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�GH�XQGH�YUHWL�VD�SURFXUDWL�PDUXO"�������5DGLR�(UHYDQ�HVWH�vQWUHEDW��&UHGHWL�FD�LDXUWXO�HVWH�XQ�UHPHGLX�vPSRWULYD�LPSRWHQWHL"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�QXPDL�vQ�FRPELQDWLH�FX�LSVRVXO�����ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��'H�FH�VL�D�RPRUkW�WRYDUDVXO�+UXVFLRY�SLVLFD"�)LLQGFD�GH�OD�R�YUHPH�QX�PDL�]LFHD�0LDXXX��FL�0DRRR�����8Q�DVFXOWDWRU�vQWUHDED�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�

Page 290: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�(�DGHYDUDW�FD�R�IHPHLH�FDUH�WLQH�FDSXO�SH�SDUWHD�GUHDSWD�vQ�WLPSXO�XQXL�UDSRUW�VH[XDO�H�R�WkUID"�%LQHvQWHOHV��'DU�R�IHPHLH�FDUH�WLQH�FDSXO�SH�SDUWHD�VWkQJD"�FXULRV�DVFXOWDWRUXO��6L�DFHDVWD�H�WkUID����'DU�R�IHPHLH�FDUH�WLQH�FDSXO�GUHSW��HVWH�VL�HD�R�WkUID"�'D��VL�HD�H�R�WkUID��3DL�ELQH�����GDU�FXP��WRDWH�IHPHLOH�VXQW�WkUIH"""�1XXXX�����ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�WRDWH�IHPHLOH�&8�&$3�VXQW�WkUIH�������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�SH�YUHPHD�OXL�&HDXVHVFX��6H�SRDWH�PXUL�GH�FDQFHU�vQ�JkW"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GD�Q�DUH�������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&H�HVWH�DFHOD�XQ�LPSUHVDU"�(VWH�DFHD�SHUVRDQD�IL]LFD��GH�IDFWXUD�DUWLVWLFD��FDUH�WUDQVIRUPD�FXUYHOH�vQ�OHEHGH�������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��(VWH�DGHYDUDW�FD�VH�SRDWH�IDFH�GUDJRVWH�FX�R�IHPHLH�GH�OD�&HUQRELO"�1RL�UDVSXQGHP�UDGLRDVFXOWDWRUXOXL�QRVWUX��'D��HVWH�DGHYDUDW��GDU�WUHEXLH�VD�XWLOL]DWL�XQ�SUH]HUYDWLY�GH�SOXPE�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��ÌQ�&DXFD]��VH�]LFH�FD�vQ�FLXGD�VRFLDOLVPXOXL�DU�PDL�H[LVWD�PXOWH�PLVWHUH��'H�H[HPSOX�XQ�SULHWHQ�GH�DO�PHX�PL�D�SRYHVWLW�FDvQWU�XQ�VDW�H[LVWD�SH�R�SRPSD�GH�DSD�XQ�EDODXU�GH�EURQ]�FDUH�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�R�IHFLRDUD�WUHFH�SULQ�SUHDMPD�VD�GD�IHULFLWGLQ�FRDGD��(�DVD�FHYD�SRVLELO"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD��GDU�FKLDU�VL�FHL�PDL�EDWUkQL�GLQ�VDW�QX�vVL�DPLQWHVF�VD�IL�YD]XW�YUHRGDWD�DFHDVWD�PLQXQH�������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��(VWH�SRVLELO�VD�vWL�RPRUL�VRWLD�GDFD�R�ORYHVWL�FX�XQ�SURVRS"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�GD�GDFD�vQ�SURVRS�VH�DIOD�vQIDVXUDW�XQ�ILHU�GH�FDOFDW�������/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��7RYDUDVH�UHSRUWHU��DP�SUREOHPH�FX�GUDJRVWHD�VL�VH[XO��$WL�SXWHD�VD�vPL�GDWL�XQ�VIDW"�'D�WRYDUDVH��&LWLWL�]LDUXO�3UDYGD��vQ�3UDYGD�JDVLWL�WRWXO�������5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VWLUL��8Q�DYLRQ�FX�����GH�SDVJHUL�V�D�SUDEXVLW�DVWD]L�vQ�.D]DVWDQ�vQWU�XQ�FLPLWLU�GLQ�RUDVXO�;��7UXSHOH�GH�LQWHUYHQWLH�DX�JDVLW� ODORFXO�DFFLGHQWXOXL������GH�PRUWL�����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�XQ�WkQDU�vQWUHDED��&H�HVWH�GH�SUHIHUDW�VD�DP�R�VRWLH�IUXPRDVD�VL�VD�SURILWH�VL�DOWLL�GH�IDUPHFHOH�HL�VDX�VD�DP�XQD�XUkWD�VL�VD�PD�EXFXU�QXPDL�HXGH�HD"�9D�UDVSXQGHP�WRW�SULQWU�R�vQWUHEDUH��&H�HVWH�PDL�ELQH��VD�DYHWL�XQ�WRUW�IUXPRV�VL�VD�PDQkQFH�VL�SULHWHQLL�GLQ�HO�VDX�VD�DYHWLXQ��UDKDW��VL�VD�O�FRQVXPDWL�VLQJXU"����/D�5DGLR�(UHYDQ�VH�vQWUHDED��6H�SRDWH�VFULH�FX�XQ WDPSRQ"�'XSD�GD��GDU�������ÌQWUHEDUH�OD�5DGLR�(UHYDQ��&H�VH�IDFH�vQ�FD]�GH�DWDF�FX�ERPED�DWRPLFD"�6H�DFRSHUD�UHSHGH�FRUSXO�FX�XQ�FHDUFHDI�DOE��GXSD�FDUH�FDOP�IDUD�D�SURGXFH�SDQLFD�R�OXDWL�vQ�GLUHFWLD�FLPLWLUXOXL���%DQFXUL�FDWHJRULVLWH�SH�UHJLXQL%DQFXUL�FX�DUGHOHQL��$UGHOHDQXO�VRVHVWH�FX�vQWLU]LHUH�OD�vPSDUWLUHD�GDUXULORU��LDU�'XPQH]HX�vL�VSXQH�DPDUkW��ÌPL�SDUH�UDX�GH�WLQH��QX�PL�D�PDL�UDPDV�GHFkW�IUXPXVHWHD�VL�SURVWLD�ILXOH��FH�VD�WL�IDF"�$OHJH�WL��$SRL��'RDPQH��IUXPXVHWHD�L�WUHFDWRRUH�

Page 291: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��$UGHOHDQXO�OD�PHGLF�0HGLFXO��&DUH�L�QHFD]XO"$�0L�D�DSDUXW�FHYD�SH�S D���SHQLV�0�6D�VWLL�FD�SHQLV�VDX�S D�H�DFHODVL�OXFUX�$�6WLX�VL�HX�DWLWD��GRFWRUH��GDU�HX�VXQW�GLQ�&OXM�1DSRFD���ÌQ�$UGHDO�VH�VWULJD�YHFLQLL�GH�SH�XQ�GHDO�SH�FHODODOW��0DDDD���YHFLQHH�����&DUH�L�EDLX�PDDD"�����7X�FH�DL�GDW�OD�YDFD�WD�FLQG�R�IRVW�EHWHDJD"��)RWRJKLQ��PDDD����7UHFH�R�VDSWDPkQD����0DDD���YHFLQHH��&H�L�EDLX�PDDD���"�'D�SRL�FH�DL�]LV�F�DL�GDW�OD�YDFD�WD�FkQG�R�IRVW�EHWHDJD"��)RWRJKLQ��PDDD����3DL�GD�YDFD�PHD�R�PXULW�PDL�����6L�D�PHD�PDDD�����&LFD�XQ�DUGHOHDQ�VL�D�OXDW�VL�HO�QHYDVWD�V�R�GXFD�OD�%XFXUHVWL�FD�VD�YDGD�VL�HD�GH����FD�WRW�RPX��FDSLWDOD��0HUJkQG�HL�DVD�YDG�XQ�DWHOLHU�IRWR�VL�DUGHOHDQXO�]LFH��1R��PD�QHYDVWD��KDL�VD�QH�IRFKHP�VL�QRL�VD�OH�DUDWDP�DORUD�vQ�VDW�FD�SH�XQGH�DP�IRVW�QRL��+DL�RPXOH�GDFD�YUHL�WX���ÌQWUD�HL�vQ�DWHOLHU�VL�]LFH�DUGHOHDQXO��'RPQXOH�IRFKH��SXWHP�VD�QH�IRFKHW�VL�SD�QRL"�6LJXU�FD�GD��/XDWL�ORF�SH�VFDXQXO�DFHOD�VL�SUHJDWLWL�YD��1R��DPX�SRWL�PDWDOH�VD�QH�VFRWL�FXP�RP�YUHD�QRL"�1XPDL�FXP�GRULWL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��'RULWL�PDL�OXPLQDW��PDL�vQWXQHULF�����HWF��HWF��1R�DSDL�FXP�VD�]LF�VL�HX"�$V�YUHD�VD�QH�YHGHP�DVD����DPkQGRL�FD�QRL�QX�VXQWHP�GD�S�DFL�VL�YUHP�VD�OH�DUDWDP�OD�FRSFKLLFkQG�RP�DMXQJH�DFDVD��)RDUWH�ELQH��IRDUWH�ELQH��QX�H�FHYD�IRDUWH�JUHX��3RIWLWL��/XDWL�ORF�6H�DVHD]D��VWDX�FXP�OH�VSXQH�IRWRJUDIXO�VL����GXSD�FkWHYD�RUH�DX�SR]D�$UGHOHDQXO�R�LD��VH�XLWD��QX�L�FRQYHQHD����QX�OL�VH�YHGHDX�RFKLL�$SDL�PDWDOH�Q�DL�IDFXW�GXSD�FXP�QH�R�IRVW�YRUED����$����QX�YD�SODFH����3DL�FH�DUH"�6XQWHWL�DPkQGRL����'RPQXOH�IRFKH��QRL�Y�DP�UXJDW�VD�QH�IRFKHW����GDU�IRFKHW�QH�DVD�GH�WDUH�SkQD�QH�RU�LHVL�VL�RFKLL�����=LFH�FD�HUD�RGDWD�R�IDPLOLH�GH�DUGHOHQL�FDUH�V�RU�KRWDUkUD�HL�VD�GHLH�FRSFKLOX�OD�VFRDOD�FD�DVD�HUD�UHJXOD�7LPSXO�WUHFH��FRSFKLOX�vQYDWD�PXOWH�VL�ELQH��GDU�DYHD�R�PLFD�QHvQWHOHJHUH��FXP�VH�IDF�FRSLLL�0HUJH�OD�WDWkQD�VDX�VL�O�vQWUHDED��7DWD�FXP�DP�YHQLW�HX�SH�OXPHD�DVWD"�/DVD�ILFLRDUH�FD�L�vQYDWD�WX�FkQG�DL�PDL�FUHVWH��DFXPD�GXW�GH�WH�MRDFD�"&RSLOX�IDFkQGX�VH�FD�SOHDFD�VH�GD�GXSD�FROW�VD�YDGD�FH�YD�IDFH�WDW�VX�FDUH�SDUHD�FDP�vQFXUFDW�VL�O�DXGH�YRUELQG�VLQJXU�SDUFDFX�MDOH��'�DSDL�GH�XQGH�VD�VWLX�HX�FXP�D�YHQLW�HO�SH�OXPH"�7LQ�PLQWH�FD�R�WDYDOLVHP�ELQH�SH�PXLHUH�SLQ�FXFXUX]�FX�YUHR�VDVD�OXQLvQDLQWH�GH�LR�FUHVFXW�SkQWHFHOH��)LFLRUX�EDJD�OD�FDS�VL�OD�RUD�GH�UHOLJLH�VSXQH�FD�RPXO�QX�VH�IDFH�GLQ�SDPkQW�FL�FD�HO�VWLH�FD�VH�IDFH�GLQ�WDYDOHDOD�vQ�FXFXUX]�6FDQGDO�PDUH��SDULQWL�OD�VFRDOD��FDUH�LDX�OD�FXQRVWLQWD�FH�VL�FXP��'XSD�GLVFXWLL�vQGHOXQJDWH��VFDGHUH�GH�QRWH�OD�SXUWDUH�VL�WRDWHFHOH�QHFHVDUH��RPXO�QRVWUX�vO�LD�GHRSDUWH�SH�SURIHVRUXO�GH�UHOLJLH�VL�L�]LFH��'RPQXOH�SURIHVRU��FX�UHVSHFW�YD�VSXL��SRWL�VD�EDJL�PDWDOH�vQ�S D�VDSWH�LXJXUL�GH�SDPkLQW��SkQD�QX�EDJL�XQ�FDS�GH�S DFRSFKLO�WRW�QX�LDVD���%DGHD�*KHRUJKH�VL�EDGHD�9DVLOH�SH�GUXPXO�&OXMXOXL�YDG�R�EURDVFD�WHVWRDVD��9DVLOH��FH�R�IL�DVWD"6WD�9DVLOH�FL�FXMHWD�VL�FXMHWD����*KHRUJKH��DVWD�R�vL�FHYD��R�PHUH�XQGHYD���=LFH�VH�FD�XQ�DUGHOHDQ�VH�GXFH�VD�VH�GHD�FX�SDUDVXWD��ÌQ�DYLRQ�LQVWUXFWRUXO�vO�vQYDWD�FXP�VD�SURFHGH]H���$SRL�GXSD�FH�WH�DUXQFL�PDWDOH�GLQ�DYLRQ��QXPHUL�SkQD�OD�]HFH�VL�WUDJL�GH�VIRDUD�DVWD�VD�VH�GHVFKLGD�SDUDVXWD��1R�ELQLH��]LVH�DUGHOHDQXO�QRVWUX�VL�VDUL�GLQ�DYLRQ�,QVWUXFWRUXO�SULYHVWH�GLQ� DYLRQ� FXP� QHD�*KRHUJKH� VH� GXFH� MRV� FD�SLHWURLXO� IDUD� FD� SDUDVXWD� VD� VH� GHVFKLGD��$YLRQXO� IDFHVWkQJDQ�SUHMXU�VL�DWHUL]HD]D��,QVWUXFWRUXO�VH�DUXQFD�vQWU�XQ�-HHS�vQWU�R�FDXWDUH�GLVSHUDWD�SH�FkPSXO�SOLQ�GH�FDSLWH�GH�IkQ��ÌQWU�XQ�ILQDO�DXGH�XQ�]JRPRW�GLQWU�R�FDSLWD��&kQG�VH�DSURSLH�GH�ORFXO�FX�SULFLQD�vO�DXGH�SH�QHD�*KHRUJKH�PXUPXUkQG�vQ�FDSLWD�

Page 292: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��$SRL�QR�PD�URJ�IUXPRV�QRXD��������DSRL�QR�PD�URJ�IUXPRV�]HFH��VL�QHD�*KHRUJKH�WUDJH�FX�VHWH�GLQ�VIRDUD�SDUDVXWHL���9DULDQWD�ÌQ� DUPDWD�� ,RQ� HVWH� vQFRUSRUDW� OD� SDUDVXWLVWL�� ÌQDLQWH� GH� SULPXO� VDOW�� LQVWUXFWRUXO� OH� UHDPLQWHVWH� FD� WUHEXLH� VDQXPHUH�SDQD�OD���VLDSRL� VD� WUDJD�GH�PkQHUXO� GH�GHVFKLGHUH� DO� SDUDVXWHL�� 6ROGDWLL� vQFHS� VD� VDUD�� WRWXO� GHFXUJH� ELQH�� FkQG� GHRGDWD� LQVWUXFWRUXOREVHUYD�FDSDUDVXWD�OXL�,RQ�QX�V�D�GHVFKLV��ÌQQHEXQLW��H[HFXWD�XQ�VDOW�SkQD�OD�OLPLWD�PLQLPD�GH�VHFXULWDWH��DMXQJH�UDSLG�OD�VRO�VL�VSHULDW�vOFDXWDSH�QHQRURFLW��FUH]kQG�FD�VD�O�YDGD�IDFXW�IDUkPH��'LQWU�R�FDSLWD�GH�IkQ�GLQ�DSURSLHUH��DX]L��1R��DPX�YLQH��������,RDQH��YDFD�WD�IXPHD]D"�1R��GD�FXP�VD�IXPH]H�YDFD"�$WXQFL��PD��WL�R�OXDW�IRF�JUDMGX«���/kQJD�XQ�VDW�GLQ�$UGHDO�DWHUL]HD]D�R�IDUIXULH�]EXUDWRDUH�$XWRULWDWLOH�LDX�LPHGLDW�PDVXUD�GH�D�DQXQWD�VDWHQLL�GHVSUH�DFHVW�HYHQLPHQW�VL�GHVSUH�FRPSRUWDUHD�SH�FDUH�WUHEXLH�VD�R�DLEDGDFD�vQWkOQHVF�FXPYD�XQ�H[WUDWHUHVWUX��'UDJL�VDWHQL��SH�L]OD]XO�GH�OkQJD�VDWXO�QRVWUX�D�DWHUL]DW�R�IDUIXULH�]EXUDWRDUH��'DFD�GLQ�vQWkPSODUH�vQWkOQLWL�XQ�H[WUDWHUHVWUXYD�VIDWXLP�VD�YD�SDVWUDWL�FDOPXO��VD�QX�vQFHUFDWL�VD�Lv�DJUHVDWL�vQ�YUH�XQ�IHO�ED�GLQ�FRQWUD���ILWL�SULHWHQRVL�VL�vQFHUFDWL�SULQ�JHVWXUL�VL�SXWLQH�FXYLQWH�VD�FRPXQLFDWL��&D�VD�vL�SXWHWL�UHFXQRDVWH�YD�LQIRUPDPFD�H[WUDWHUHVWULL�VXQW���0,&,��9(5=,��$8�2&+,,�%8/%8&$7,�6,�0Æ,1,/(�3Æ1$�/$�3$0Æ17�6SUH� VHDUD�� *KHRUJKH� HUD� OD� FRDVD�� 6L� FXP� FRVHD� HO� YHGH� XQ� �RPXOHW��PLF�� YHUGH�� FX� RFKLL� EXOEXFDWL� VL� PkLQLOH� SkQD� ODSDPLQW��6H�DSURSLH�vQFHW�VD�QX�O�VSHULH�VL�vL�VSXQH��(X����*KHRUJKH����FRVDV����FRVHVF�/D�FDUH�RPXOHWXO�vL�UDVSXQGH��(X����,RQ����SDGXUDU����PD�FDF������9DULDQWD�ÌQWU�XQ�VDW�GLQ�$SXVHQL�VH�REVHUYD�QLVWH�2=1�XUL��SULPDUXO�VDWXOXL�OH�VSXQH�VDWHQLORU��1R���RPHQL�EXQL���QRXD�QH�GDX�WkUFRDOH�LVWUDWHUHVWLL��$VWLD�H�SHULFXORVL�UDX�/D�FDUH�9DVLOH��QHVWDSkQLQGX�VL�FXULR]LWDWHD��vQWUHED��'RP�SULPDU��GD�FXP�DUDWD�LVWUDWHUHVWLL�DLVWLD"�$SDL�PD��FLFD�H�PLFL��YHU]L��VL�FX�QLVWH�RFKL�EXOEXFDWL�$�GRXD�]L�OD�FRDVD��9DVLOH�GD�SHVWH�R�PRJkOGHDWD�YHUGH��FX�RFKL�EXOEXFDWL��VWkQG�vQ�LDUED��9DVLOH�ULGLFD�FRDVD�OD�HO�VL�VSXVH�FXWHDPD��(X��9DVLOH����FRVHVF�0RJkOGHDWD�ULGLFD�RFKLL�OD�HO�VL�JUDL�FX�R�YRFH�FULVSDWD��(X��*KHRUJKH��SDGXUDUXO���PD�FDF����'RL�DUGHOHQL��,RQ�VL�9DVLOH�,RQ�FDWUH�9DVLOH����0D�9DVDOLH��VDL�FD�WL�PDQFD�FDLQHOH�VODQD9DVLOH��$SRL�PDQFD�SH�PXPD�VD�FD�EULVFD�L�OD�PLQH����&LFD�HUD�XQ�DUGHOHDQ�VWDWHD�VSULMLQLW�FX�EDUED�vQ�EDWX�OXL�FDUH�HUD�FDP�vQDOW�VL�vO�IDFHD�VD�VH�XLWH�vQ�VXV�VL�vL IXUD�OXPHD�RLOHvQWUH�WLPS�ÌQWU�R�]L�YLQH�XQ�RP�GH�ELQH�VL�L�]LFH��%DGH��PD�XLW�OD�WLQH�GH�FkWHYD�]LOH�VL�YDG�FD�WDUH�WH�PDL�GHUDQMHD]D�EDWX�DOD��'H�FH�QX�WDL�VL�WX�GH�MRV��GH�XQGH�H�PDL�XUkW��XQSLF�VL�VD�O�VFXUWH]L"�)LXOH��VH�YHGH�FD�QX�HVWL�GH�SH�DLFL��$SDL��GH�FH�VD�O�WDL�GH�MRV�GDFD�SH�PLQH�PD�GHUDQMHD]D�VXV"���'RL�DUGHOHQL�OD�FkPS����,RDQH��9H]L�FD�WL�I H�XQX�QHYDVWD�Q�FXFXUX]����'�DSDL�FH�L�FXFXUX]X�PHX"�&D�L�DO�&$3�XOXL������8Q�DUGHOHDQ�H�RSULW�GH�XQ�SROLWLVW�FDUH�vO�vQWUHDED��'DWL�PL�QXPHOH�VL�SUHQXPHOH��$L�vQQHEXQLW"����6L�SH�XUPD�FXP�VD�PD�PDL�QXPHVF"����'RL�DUGHOHQL�SULYHVF�OD�3UR79�6H�WUDQVPLW�VWLULOH�GH�OD�RUD���XQGH�R�IHPHLH�YUHD�VD�VH�DUXQFH�GH�OD�XOWLPXO�HWDM�DO�XQHL�FODGLUL��3DULH]�SH�FLQFL�PLL�GH�OHL�FD�VH�DUXQFD��VSXQH�SULPXO�DUGHOHDQ��'H�DFRUG��VSXQH�DO�GRLOHD�DUGHOHDQ�

Page 293: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

)HPHLD�VH�DUXQFD�WRWRXVL�VL�DO�GRLOHD�DUGHOHDQ�VFRDWH�SRUWRIHOXO��GDU�SULPXO�DUGHOHDQ�QX�YUHD�VD�SULPHDVFD�EDQLL��6WLL�FH"�(X�DP�YD]XW�VL�VWLULOH�GH�DFXP�GRXD�RUH��6L�HX��VSXVH�SULPXO�DUGHOHDQ��GDU�QX�FUHGHDP�FD�VH�YD�DUXQFD�VL�D�GRXD�RDUD����8Q�DUGHOHDQ�VWD�vQ�SDUFXO�*DULL�GH�1RUG��ÌQ�DFHVW�WLPS�XQ�LQGLYLG�FDUH�IDFHD�MRJJLQJ�VH�RSUHVWH�vQ�IDWD�OXL�VL�vQFHSH�VD�IDFDIORWDUL�$UGHOHDQX�VH�XLWD�VXE�HO��VH�XLWD�GHDVXSUD�OXL��vQ�IDWD��vQ�VSDWH�VL�GXSD�XQ�WLPS�H[FODPD�QHGXPHULW��$SRL��IDWXFD�D�SOHDFDW�GH�PXOW��������ÌQWU�XQ�WUHQ�GRL�DUGHOHQL�VL�XQ�QHJUX��%UH�GD�WX�QX�HVWL�GH�DLFL��'D�WDWDO�PHX�HVWH�GLQ�$IULFD��GDU�PDPD�PHD�HVWH�GH�DLFL��3DL�FXP"�3DL�WDWD�D�IRVW�RGDWD�SH�DLFL�VL�D�YD]XW�R�SH�PDPD�VL�D�LQFHSXW�VD�DOHUJH�GXSD�HD�VL�D�DOHUJDW�VL�D�DOHUJDW�VL�D�DOHUJDW���VL�DVD�P�DP�QDVFXW�HX�'XSD�YUHR���PLQXWH�DUGHOHQLL�DYHDX�R�QHODPXULUH��0DL�GDU�VWLL�FH�QH�vQWUHEDP�QRL��2�IL�SULQV�R�SH�PDLFD�WD"���$UGHOHQLL�VH�KRWDUDVF�VD�GHFODUH�UD]ERL�&KLQHL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�XQXO�GLQWUH�HL�vL�DWHQWLRQHD]D�SH�FHLODOWL��%D��GD�V�PLOLRDQH��'D�FKLDU��ED��XQGH�L�vQJURSDP"���*DLQLOH�DVWHD�VXQW�GH�OD�QRL�VDX�GLQ�VWUDLQDWDWH"�VH�vQWUHDED�XQ�DUGHOHDQ�OD�SLDWD��'DU�GH�FH�YD�LQWHUHVHD]D"�YUHWL�VD�OH�PkQFDWL�VDX�VD�OH�WLQHWL�GH�YRUED�����ÌQ�YLDWD�H[LVWD�R�VLQJXUD�PDUH�LXELUH��VSXQH�R�DUGHOHDQD��6L�FDUH�D�IRVW�PDUHD�WD�GUDJRVWH"�0DULQDULL��PDLFD��PDULQDULL������/D�RUD�GH�SVLKRORJLH�SURIHVRUXO��DUGHOHDQ��vVL�LQWUHDED�XQ�HOHY��6WLWL�GH�FH�QX�IRORVHVF�LQGLHQLL�GHJHWXO�DFHVWD"�vQWUHDED�HO�DUDWkQG�DO�WUHLOHD�GHJHW�GH�OD�PkQD�GUHDSWD�1LPHQL�QX�UDVSXQGH�OD�vQWUHEDUH��)LLQGFD�HVWH�DO�PHX����'RL�DUGHOHQL�VWDX�GH�YRUED��,HUL�D�FD]XW�XQ�WD[L�vQWU�R�SUDSDVWLH����SDVDJHUL�DX�IRVW�VDOYDWL��SHQWUX�FHLODOWL����QX�V�D�PDL�SXWXW�IDFH�QLPLF����7UDYHUVkQG�R�VWUDGD��XQ�DUGHOHDQ�HVWH�L]ELW�GH�R�PDVLQD��GDU�QX�SDWHVWH�QLPLF�7RWXVL��VRIHUXO�vL�SXQH�FDWHYD�PRQHGH�vQ�PDQD�FD�VD�vPSDFH�OXFUXULOH�ÌQFDQWDW��DUGHOHDQXO�L�VH�DGUHVHD]D��9HQLWL�GHV�SH�DLFL�GRPQXOH"���,RQ�VL�*KHRUJKH�vQ�WUHQ��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�SULPHVF�GH�OD�YHFLQXO�GH�FRPSDUWLPHQW�R�EDQDQD��1HVWLLQG�FXP�VH�XWLOL]HD]D�vO�XUPDUHVF�SH�RP�FXP�R�GHVIDFH�VL�R�GHVIDF�VL�HL�ÌO�XUPDUHVF�FXP�R�PXVFD�VL�,RQ�PXVFD�VL�HO��PRPHQW�vQ�FDUH�WUHQXO�LQWUD�vQ�WXQHO��,RQ���*KHRUJKH��DL�PXVFDW�VL�WX"��1X���1X�PXVFD��ED��FD�RUEHVWL����8Q�WDUDQ��PHUJkQG�SH�RJRU��YHGH�SH�MRV�XQ�SHVWLVRU�GH�DXU��&XP�VH�]EDWHD�SHVWLVRUXO�SH�XVFDW��PLQXQH�PDUH�� vQFHSH�VDYRUEHDVFD��7DUDQH��ILH�WL�PLOD�GH�PLQH��DUXQFD�PD�WH�URJ�vQ�EDOWD�DLD��FD�HX�VXQW�UHJHOH�SHVWLVRULORU�VL�WL�RL�GD�WRW�FH�YUHL������7H�URJ�IUXPRV��WDUDQH��DUXQFD�PD�vQ�DSD�FD�WL�RL�GD�WRDWH�ERJDWLLOH�SDPDQWXOXL������ÌQGXUD�WH�WDUDQH��R�VD�WL�GDX�FHO�PDL�IUXPRV�SDODW�GLQ�OXPH�VD�VWDL�vQ�HO�&X�QDGXI�VL�vQGHVDW��WDUDQXO�QRVWUX�SXVH�FDOFkLXO�SH�SHVWLVRU�VL�vO�VWULYL�vQ�WDUkQD���0D��SH�FLQH�IDFL�WX�WDUDQ"����8Q�WLS�PDL�SH�VHDUD�IDFH�DXWRVWRSXO��ÌO�YHGH�SH�XQXO�FX�R�FDUXWD�YHQLQG�SH�VRVHD�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��1R�EDGH�GHSDUWH�L�&OXMXO"�'DSRL�QX�L�GHSDUWH�8UFD�WLSXO�vQ�FDUXWD�DGRDUPH�VL�PDL�VSUH�GLPLQHDWD�VH�VFRDOD�VL�vQWUHDED�

Page 294: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�%DGH�GD�XQGH�L�&OXMXO"�1R�DFX�L�GHSDUWH�����'RL�DUGHOHQL��WDLDX�FX�MRDJDUX�R�ERPED��%D��YHGHWL�FD�R�VD�H[SORGH]H���1X�FRQWHD]D��PDL�DYHP�XQD����'RL�DUGHOHQL�vQ�WUHQ���/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VH�VDWXUD�GH�WDFHUH�VL�XQXO�vL�]LFH�FHOXLODOW��0D�,RDQH�FH�L�PD�PLF�VL�QHJUX�VL�PHUH�URDWD�GH�QXPD�QXPD"�&D�GRDU�Q�R�IL�DFLGXO�GH]R[LULERQXFOHLF"���%DGHD�,RQ�YUHD�VD�vVL�YkQGD�FDOXO�OD�WkUJ��&X�FkW�GDL�FDOXO�EDGH�"�&X���PLOLRDQH�ÌL�FDP�VFXPS��ÌL�VFXPS��GDL�XQ�FDO�IDLQ��ÌL�IDLQ��GD�VD�VWLL�FD�PLH�PL�VH�SDUH�FD�L�RUE��1X�FUH]��+DL�VD�O�SUREDP�'DX�HL�GUXPXO�FDOXOXL��FDUH�R�LD�OD�IXJD�VL�QLPHUHVWH��GLQ�JRDQD��FX�FDSXO�GUHSW�vQWU�XQ�FRSDF��1R��]LVX�WL�DP�FD�L�RUE"�'LUHSW�LL��GD�DL�YD]XW�FH�FXUDMRV�vL"���%DGHD�,RQ��UHQXPLW�vQ�VDW�SHQWUX��YUHGQLFLD��OXL��VH�SUHJDWHD�GH�LHVLW�OD�FkPS��8QGH�PHUJL��EDGH�,RDQH"�,D��VD�FDSDOXLHVF�PDODLXO�FHOD��'D�FXP�WH�GXFL�FD�PDODLXO�QLFL�Q�D�UDVDULW��/DVD�FD�SkQD�DMXQJ��R�FUHVWH�HO������'RL�DUGHOHQL�vQ�*DUD�GH�1RUG��0DL�*KLR��FkW�IDFH�WXJX�SkQ�OD�&OXM"�3DL�FDP����RUH��PD��0XOW��PD��6L�FH�IDFHP�QRL����RUH��PD"�3DL�VWDP�GH�YRUED��FH�VD�IDFHP��6L�FH�YRUELP�PD��QRL�����RUH"�3DL��VWLX�HX"�6SXQHP�JKLFLWRUL�3OHDFD�WUHQXO��0DL�*KLR��]L�VL�WX�R�JKLFLWRDUH��3DL�����FH�L�PLF��QHJUX�VL�UDX"*DUD�3ORLHVWL��0DL�*KLR��GD�DUH�EODQD"�$UH��PD��*DUD�%UDVRY��0DL�*KLR��GD�DUH�SDWUX�SLFLRDUH"�$UH��PD��*DUD�6LJKLVRDUD��0DL�*KLR��GD�DUH�]JDUGD"�$UH��PD�*DUD�7HLXV��0DL�*KLR��GD�ODWUD"�/DWUD��PD�*DUD�$SDKLGD��0DL�*KLR��Q�R�IL�FkQHOH"�%D�FkQHOH�H��'D�WX�HVWL�FDP�SURVW��&H�WL�D�WUHEXLW�DWkW�VD�JKLFHVWL"�%D�HX�VWLDP�GH�OD�%XFXUHVWL��GD�GDFD�WL�VSXQHDP�DWXQFL�FH�PDL�GLVFXWDP�QRL�DWkWD�GUXP"���8Q�DUGHHOHDQ�QHDYkQG�EDQL� V�D�KRWDUkW� VD� YLQGD� YDFD� OD� WkUJXO� GH� GXPLQLFD�� ÌQ� GUXP� VSUH� WkUJ� VH� vQWkOQHVWH� FX� ,RQ� VLFRQWLQXD�GUXPXO�vPSUHXQD�3H�GUXP�*KHRUJKH�YHGH�R�EURDVFD�UkLRDVD�PDUH�VL�XULWD�VL�vL�VSXQH�OXL�,RQ��,RDQH��YH]L�WX�EURDVFD�DVWD"�'DFD�WX�R�PDQkQFL�vWL�GDX�YDFD�PHD�,RQ�VWD�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH�FD�HVWH�VDUDF�VL�L�DU�SULQGH�ELQH�R�YDFD�VL�VH�DSXFD�FX�VFkUED�VD�PDQkQFH�EURDVFD�'XSD�FH�D�PkQFDW�MXPDWH�QX�PDL�SRDWH�VL�vL�VSXQH�OXL�9DVLOH��9DVLOH��GDFD�PDQkQFL�WX�MXPDWDWHD�DVWD�QX�WL�PDL�LDX�YDFD�9DVLOH�VH�JkQGHVWH�FD�GDFD�VH�vQWRDUFH�IDUD�YDFD�VDX�EDQL�DFDVD�vO�RPRDUD�QHYDVWD

Page 295: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�%LQH��]LFH�VL�VH�DSXFD�VD�WHPLQH�EURDVFD�GXSD�FDUH�vVL�FRQWLQXD�DPkQGRL�GUXPXO��'XSD�XQ�WLPS�,RQ�]LFH��0DL�9DVLOH�GH�FH�DP�PkQFDW�QRL�EURDVFD�DVWD�PD"���6H�DVHD]D�XQ�ROWHDQ�SH�XQ�VFDXQ�VL�QHVWLLQG�FD�HUD�R�SLRQH]D�DFROR��ÌO�vQWHDSD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�vQMXUH��3 D�PDPLL�OXL�FDUH�D�SXV�SLRQH]D�DVWD�DLFL�FD�VD�PD�vQWHS�HX��Q�D�JDVLW��I O�DV�vQ�JXUD��DOW�VFDXQ"6L�SOHDFD�vQMXUkQG�GH�PDPD�IRFXOXL�6H�DVHD]D�XQ�PROGRYHDQ��) X�L�S D�PDVLL�GH�SLRQH]D��6H�VFRDOD�VL�SOHFD�GH�SH�VFDXQ�9LQH�XQ�DUGHOHDQ��6H�DVHD]D��6LPWH�FD�vO�VWDQMHQHVWH�FHYD�vQ�FXU��6H�XLWD�VD�YDGD�FH�L�VL�]LFH��1R�GDFD�L�PXVDL�vL�PXVDL����(UDX�GRL�DUGHOHQL�vQWU�XQ�WUHQ�VL�QX�SUHD�VWLDX�FH�VD�IDFD�FD�VD�QX�VH�SOLFWLVHDVFD�SkQD�OD�&OXM��+DL�VD�EDWHP�FXLH�vQ�SHUHWL�FD�VD�DYHP�XQGH�VD�QH�SXQHP�FDFLXOLOH��]LFH�XQXO��$SDL�KDL�VD�EDWHP�FXLH��]LFH�FHODODOW�6H�DSXFD�HL�VD�EDWD�FXLH�vQ�SHUHWLL�FRPSDUWLPHQWXOXL��GDU�DO�RSWXOHD�FXL�QX�LQWUD�vQ�SHUHWH��'H�FH�QX�LQWUD�FXLXO�vQ�SHUHWH"�vQWUHDED�SULPXO��1X�VWLX��]LFH�DO�GRLOHD��+DL�vQ�FRPSDUWLPHQWXO�YHFLQ�VD�YHGHP�GH�FH�6H�GXF�vQ�FHODODOW�FRPSDUWLPHQW��$FROR�HUD�XQ�EDVDUDEHDQ�FDUH�VWDWHD�UH]HPDW�FX�FDSXO�GH�SHUHWH����ÌQWU�XQ�FRPSDUWLPHQW�GH�WUHQ��XQ�ROWHDQ�VL�XQ�DUGHOHDQ�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��DUGHOHDQXO�VFRDWH�R�OLWUD�GH�SDOLQFD��VODQLQD��SLWD��VIDUPD�R�FHDSD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�PDQkQFH��WUDJkQG�GLQ�FkQGvQ�FkQG�VL�GLQ�SDOLQFD���2OWHDQXOXL�L�VH�IDFH�GH�R�GXVFD��GDU�FXP�VD�LQWUH�vQ�YRUED"/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��YD]kQG�FD�WXLFD�H�SH�WHUPLQDWH��vVL�LD�LQLPD�vQ�GLQWL�VL�VH�DSURSLH�GH�DUGHOHDQ��0D�FKHDPD�5DGX��$SDL��QR��GDFD�WH�FKHDPD��GX�WH������Ì�&XP�ODWUD�FkLQLL�vQ�$UGHDO"5�1R�KDX������8Q�DUGHOHDQ�OD�FDVD�GH�ELOHWH�vQ�*DUD�GH�1RUG��7UHQXO�GH�&OXM�GH�XQGH�SOHDFD"�ÌPL�SDUH�UDX��GDU�WUHQXO�GH�&OXM�D�SOHFDW�DFXP����PLQXWH��'DD"�'�DSRL�XQGH�D�SOHFDW""���$WHUL]HD]D�XQ�DYLRQ�SH�DHURSRUWXO�2UO\�GLQ�3DULV��'LQ�HO�VH�GDX�MRV�XQ�DPHULFDQ��XQ�QHDPW�VL�XQ�DUGHOHDQ���1LFL�XQXO�GLQWUH�HL�QX�PDL�IXVHVH�OD�3DULV�SkQD�DWXQFL��$MXQVL�vQ�FHQWUXO�LVWRULF�DO�3DULVXOXL��DPHULFDQXO�H[FODPD�SLHUGXW�vQDGPLUDWLH��:RQGHUIXO��ZRQGHUIXO���1HDPWXO��DVHPHQL�DPHULFDQXOXL��H[FODPD��:XQGHUVFK|Q��ZXQGHUVFK|Q���$UGHOHDQXO��VWD��VH�XLWD��VL�GXSD�IR����PLQXWH��vVL�GD�FORSX�GH�SH�IUXQWH�SH�FHDID��VL�H[FODPD��+DL��VD�PL�EDJ�S D�������,RQ�VL�*KHR�VH�XUFD�vQ�WUHQ�VL�LQWUD�vQ�SULPXO�FRPSDUWLPHQW��,RDQH��KDL�GLQFROR�FD�DLFL�SXWH�7UHF�LQ�DOW�FRPSDUWLPHQW���0D�PDL�KDL�FD�V�DLFHD�SXWH��3DUFXUJ�DVWIHO�WUHQXO�GH�OD�XQ�FDSDW�OD�DOWXO���DMXQJ�OD�XOWLPXO�FRPSDUWLPHQW�XQGH�UDPkQ���GHVL�HUD�XQ�PLURV�vQJUR]LWRU��'XSDXQ�WLPS��0D�,RDQH���WX�WH�DL�FDFDW�SH�WLQH"�'D�PD��GD�GH�FH�QWUHEL"���'RL�DUGHOHQL�VH�vQWkOQHVF�SH�XQ�GUXP�GH�WDUD���%XQD�]LXD�,RDQH�6H�GHSDUWHD]D�XQXO�GH�DOWXO�PHUJkQG�vQ�VHQVXUL�RSXVH����$SDL�%XQD�]LXD�9DVDOLH�6H�PDL�GHSDUWHD]D�SXWLQ�����$SDL�,RDQH��XQ�WH�GX"6H�PDL�GHSDUWHD]D�SXWLQ������$SDL�PD�GXF�OD�RUDVX���6H�PDL�GHSDUWHD]D�SXWLQ������'�DSDL�FH�VD�IDFL�WX�OD�RUDVX�PDL�,RDQH�"

Page 296: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

6H�PDL�GHSDUWHD]D�SXWLQ������$SDL�PD�GXF�VD�PL�LDX�PXLHUH��6H�PDL�GHSDUWHD]D�SXWLQ������$SDL�,RDQH�LD�WL�PXLHUH�IDLQD�FD�DOWIHO�R�I WL�VLQJXU����2�)HPHLH�VWD�OD�RFD]LH�vQ�$SDKLGD��2SUHVWH�R�PDVLQD��)HPHLD��%DGH��VXL�SH�PLQH�SkQ�OD�&OXM"6RIHUXO��6XL��VXL��GDU�FLQH�PDL�PkQD�PRWRUXO"���1R�� DPX�FLFD�VWDWHD�EDGHD�*KHRUJH�VL�EDGHD�9DVLOH� OD� VRDUH�� GXSD�R�]L� GH�PXQFD�� 6L� EDGHD�*KHRUJKH� FLWHD� OD� JD]HWD�&LWHVWH�HO�FH�FLWHVWH��FkQG�YHGH�DFROR�FXYkQWXO��WRUSLOD��6WD�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH�HO�FDP�FH�R�IL�DLD�VL��GXSD�YUHR�MXPD�GH�RUD�GH�VFDUSLQDW�vQ�FDS��vQWUHDED��%D�9DVLOH��FH�H�ED�DLD��WRUSLOD�"�%D��WRUSLOD�H�DLD�GH�WUDJH�EDPSRDUHOH�XQX�vQ�DOWX�'XSD�DOWH�OXQJL�PRPHQWH�GH�FXJHWDUH��VL�VFDUSLQDW�vQ�FDS���*KHRUJKH�vQWUHDED��3DL�ED��FkQG�LHVH�WRUSLOD�GLQ�EDPSRUX��QX�LQWUD�ED�DSD"�1X�VH�GXFH�OD�IXQG"8UPHD]D�DOWH�PRPHQWH�GH�VXVSDQV��GXSD�FDUH�9DVLOH��1X��FD�H�YRUED�GH�SULQWLSLXO�KLGURGLQDPLF��3ULQFLSLXO�KLGURGLQDPLF"��'D�FH�H�ED�DVWD"�1R��VWDL�VD�WL�H[SOLF�2L�IRVW�OD�0XUDV"�$P�IRVW��6L�R�IRVW�0XUDVXO�UHFH"�2�IRVW��6L�WL�R�YHQLW�VD�WH�EHVL"�0L�R�YHQLW��6L�WL�R�LQWUDW�0XUDVX�Q�FXU"�1X�PD��1R�SDL�YH]L��DVWD�L�SULQFLSLXO�KLGURGLQDPLF����'RL�DUGHOHQL�FDODWRUHDX�FX�WUHQXO��9LQH�FRQGXFWRUXO��%LOHWHOH�OD�FRQWURO��YD�URJ��0D��*KHRUJKH��QRL�DYHP�EHOHW"�1R��1�DYHP�EHOHW��GRPQ�FRQWURORU��%DQL�GH�DPHQGD�DYHWL"�0D��*KHRUJKH��EDQL�GH�DPHQGD�DYHP"�1R��1�DYHP�EDQL��GRPQ�FRQWURORU��9D�EDWHWL�MRF�GH�PLQH"�%LOHW�QX�DYHWL��EDUX�QX�DYHWL��$WXQFL��FH�GUDFX�DYHWL"�&H�DYHP��PD�*KHRUJKH"�$YHP�DERQDPHQW����*KHRUJKH�SOHDFD�OD�FRVLW��6SUH�VHDUD�HVWH�JDVLW�OHVLQDW�GH�QLVWH�YHFLQL��HVWH�VWURSLW�FX�DSD�VL��GXSD�XQ�WLPS��RPXO�vVL�UHYLQH��&H�L��EDGH�*KHRUJKH"�(VWL�EROQDY"�'H�FH�DL�OHVLQDW"�'H�IRDPH��'H�IRDPH"�'D�OHOHD�0DULH�QX�WL�R�SXV�GH�PkQFDUH"�%D�PL�R�SXV�SLWD�VL�VODQD��GD�PL�DP�IRVW�XLWDW�EULVFD�DFDVD����*KHRUJKH�VH�SUHXPEOD�SH�VWUDGD�FX�FHL�GRL�FRSLL�DL�OXL��8Q�FXQRVFXW�FDUH�vO�YHGH��vL�VSXQH��%DGH�*KHRUJKH��FH�IDLQL�FRFRQL�DL��6L�FH�PDL�VHDPDQD�vQWUH�HL��'DSDL�FXP�QX��FD�GRDUD�vV�JHPHQL��6L�FkWL�DQL�DX"�%DLDWXO�DUH�SDWUX��LDU�IDWD��FLQFL�����'H�FH�WH�SOkQJL��EDGH�*KHRUJKH"�'RPQX�GRIWRU��QDLQWH��FkQG�PD�XLWDP�OD�R�PXLHUH��JDWD�HUDP��$PX��SRW�VD�PD�XLW�VL�R�VDSWDPkQD����%DGH�GUDJD��HX�VXQW�GRFWRU�GH�RFKL��0DWDOH�WUHEXLH�VD�PHUJL�OD�DOW�VSHFLDOLVW��%D��(X�FUH]�FD�OD�RFKL�vL�EDLX�������,D�SRYHVWHVWH��*KHRUJKH��FXP�R�IR�FX�DFFLGHQWXO�GH�PDVLQD"�$SRL��R�IRVW�DVH��QRL�DP�PDUV�SD�GUXP�WDWQDLQWH�VL�FkQG�GUXPX�R�OXDW�R�VSUH�VWkQJD��QRL�WDW�QDLQWH���

Page 297: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���*KHRUJKH�PHUJH�FX�JORDED�OD�WkUJ��&XP�WUDJH�FDOXO�DVWD�OD�FDUXWD��EDGH"�'DSRL��QX�SUHD�WUDJH��'D�OD�SOXJ��WUDJH"�1X�SUHD��2�IL�EXQ�GH�FDODUHDOD��1�DV�FUHGH��3DL��DWXQFL�GH�FH�O�DL�DGXV�VD�O�YLQ]L"�1X�O�DP�DGXV�VD�O�YkQG��'D�FH�SDFDWHOH�PHOH�YUHL�VD�IDFL�FX�HO"�9UHDX�VD�O�IDF�GH�UXVLQH�������&H�]LFH�DUGHOHDQXO�FkQG�VH�XLWD�vQ�RJOLQGD"5�0kQGUX�PLV��IXFH�PDV�����'H�FH�SXQ�DUGHOHQLL�SkLQHD�vQ�FLRUED"5�&D�VD�QX�FDVWH�JXUD�GH�GRXD�RUL������8Q�DUGHOHDQ��XQ�ROWHDQ�VL�XQ�PROGRYHDQ�VWDWHDX�vQ�VDOD�GH�DVWHSWDUH�D�XQHL�PDWHUQLWDWL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��VH�VWLQJH�ODPSDVL�FD�XQ�IDFXW�WRDWH�GDPHOH�ORU�QDVF�GLQWU�RGDWD��'XSD�FH�YLQH�FXUHQWXO��DSDUH�PRDVD�VL�]LFH��9D�URJ�VD�QH�VFX]DWL��GDU��vQ�]DUYD�FDUH�D�IRVW�SH�vQWXQHULF��V�DX�VFKLPEDW�FRSLL�VL�WUHEXLH�VD�DSHODP�OD�vQWHOHJHUHD�VL�VSULWXOGY��SUDFWLF�vQ�D�LGHQWLILFD�FRSLLL�FXL�DSDUWLQ��$VD�FD��GRPQXOH��vL�VSXQH�DUGHOHDQXOXL��YD�URJ�VD�SRIWLWL�VL�VD�QH�VSXQHWL�FDUHFUHGHWL�FD�H�DO�GY�"$UGHOHDQXO�LQWUD�VL�VH�XLWD�OD�FRSLL��$VWD�L��VSXQH�HO��DUDWvQG�VSUH�XQ�FRSLO�FDUH�HUD�QHJUX��&XP��GRPQXOH��FKLDU�DVWD�FUHGHWL�FD�H�DO�GY�"�'H�FH�QX�OXDWL�SH�XQXO�GLQ�FHL�GRL�DOEL"�'DU�FH"�&UHGHWL�FD�vPL�WUHEXLH�XQ�PROGRYHDQ�VDX�XQ�ROWHDQ"���'RL�DUGHOHQL�SH�PDUJLQHD�XQHL�VWUD]L��8QXO�]LFH��9UHL�VD�WL�DUDW�FD�HX�SRW�WUHFH�VWUDGD�DVWD�vQ����PLQXWH��'DU�FH��PD��HVWL�IXOJHU"���8Q�FOXMHDQ�YLQH�vQ�%XFXUHVWL�VD�VH�SOLPEH��6H�GXFH�HO�OD�XQ�KRWHO�VL�FHUH�R�FDPHUD��5HFHSWLRQHUXO�vL�VSXQH�FD�GDFD�YUHDFDPHUD�HVWH�XQD�GH�GRXD�SHUVRDQH�SH�FDUH�WUHEXLH�VD�R�vPSDUWD�FX�XQ�QHJUX��&OXMHDQXO�QX�DUH�FH�IDFH�VL�vPSDUWH�FDPHUD�FXDFHO�QHJUX��$QXQWD�UHFHSWLRQHUXO�VD�vO�VFRDOH�GLPLQHDWD�OD���FD�DUH�WUHQ�VL�LQWUD�vQ�FDPHUD��&vQG�vO�YHGH�SH�QHJUX�vL�]LFH��%D��XUkW�HVWL��ED�1HJUXO�QX�DUH�QLFL�R�UHDFWLH��9D]vQG�FD�QX�]LFH�QLPLF��FOXMHDQXO�vQFHSH�VD�O� vQMXUH��1HJUXO��vQWHOHJvQG�FH�]LFHD�URPkQXO�� vOYRSVHVWH�SH�FOXMHDQ�FX�QHJUX�vQ�WLPS�FH�DFHVWD�GRUPHD��'LPLQHDWD��vO�VFRDOD�FHL�GH�OD�KRWHO�SH�FOXMHDQ��,QWUvQG�vQ�EDLH��VH�XLWDvQ�RJOLQGD�VL�FvQG�VH�YHGH�QHJUX�vVL�]LFH��8LWH��SURVWLL�vQ�ORF�VD�PD�VFRDOH�SH�PLQH�O�DX�VFXODW�SH�QHJUX����'RL�DUGHOHQL�FRQYHUVHD]D�OD�XQ�SDKDU�GH�SDOLQFD��0DL�,RDQH�WLH�WL�SODF�URVLLOH"'XSD�R�MXPDWDWH�GH�RUD�GH�JkQGLUH�LQWHQVD�VL�SURIXQGD�,RQ�UDVSXQGH��'H�PkQFDW�GD��vQVD�DVD���%DQFXUL�FX�ROWHQL���'H�FH�VWDX�ROWHQLL�FX�WkUQDFRSXO�OD�WHOHYL]RU�"��'DFD�VH�VWULFD�YUHXQ�FDQDO��VD�VDSH�UHSHGH�DOWXO�����'H�FH�QX�PDQkQFD�ROWHQLL�FDVWUDYHWL�PXUDWL�"��&D�QX�SRW�VD�VL�EDJH�FDSXO�vQ�ERUFDQ�����&H�DX�IDFXW�ROWHQLL�FDQG�DX�DSDUXW�IUDQ]HOHOH"��/H�DX�PkQFDW�FX�SkLQH�����'H�FH�VXQW�ROWHQLL�]JkULDWL�SH�IDWD�GH�&UDFLXQ�"��3HQWUX�FD�DWXQFL�PDQkQFD�VL�HL�FX�IXUFXOLWD��

Page 298: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���'H�FH�OD�FXOFDUH�XQ�ROWHDQ�LVL�LD�FX�HO�GRXD�SDKDUH��XQXO�JRO�VL�XQXO�SOLQ�FX�DSD�"��)LLQGFD�V�DU�SXWHD�VD�L�ILH�VHWH�V�DX�QX�����'H�FH�IDF�PDL�QRX�ROWHQLL�PDPDOLJD�LQ�WLJDLH�"��6D�LQFDSD�LQ�GLSORPDW��������$FHVWD�FUHG�FD�H�GLQ�ILOPXO��1HD�0DULQ�PLOLDUGDU���&XP�IDF�ROWHQLL�ODSWHOH�SUDI�"��$UXQFD�YDFD�GLQ�DYLRQ�����'H�FH�DX�ROWHQLL�FDVD�URWXQGD�"��6D�QX�L�YRUEHDVFD�OXPHD�SH�OD�FROWXUL�����'H�FH�DX�ROWHQLL�FDPDVD�LQ�FDURXUL�"��&D�VD�MRDFH�SXULFLL�VDK�SH�HOH������'H�FH�DX�ROWHQLL�FHDVXUL�PHFDQLFH�"��)LLQGFD�DX�DX]LW�Fk�7LF�7DFXO�IDFH�ELQH�OD�UHVSLUDWLH������'H�FH�DX�ROWHQLL�PDVLQLOH�URVLL�"��&D�VD�FLRFQHDVFD�GH�SDVWL������'H�FH�GRUP�ROWHQLL�SH�FkPS�"��3HQWUX�FD�YRU�VD�VH�FXOWLYH������&H�D�IDFXW�ROWHDQXO�FDQG�D�YD]XW�SULPD�RDUD�HOLFRSWHUXO�"��6�D�GXV�vQ�SDGXUH�VD�L�FDXWH�FXLEXO�����'H�FH�ROWHQLL�vVL�LDX�VFDUD�FX�HL�FkQG�SOHDFD�OD�GUXP�"��)LLQGFD�VXQW�SURVWL�GH�GDX�vQ�JURSL������6WLWL�GH�FH�SRDUWD�ROWHQLL�VFDUD�GXSD�HL"5�&D�VD�ILH�PHUHX�OD�vQDOWLPH���GD�QX�OH�SUHD�LHVH�VRFRWHDOD��������&H�D�VSXV�XQ�FRSLO�ROWHDQ�PDPHL�VDOH�FkQG�D�YD]XW�SHQWUX�SULPD�RDUD�PDUHD"��,H�WH�PDPD�FH�GH�-LL������'H�FH�ROWHQLL�QX�DX�UHXVLW�QLFLRGDWD�VD�IDFD�XQ�SRG�SHVWH�-LX�"��/�DX�vQFHSXW�GH�D�OXQJXO����������'LQ�FH�H�IDFXWD�R�ERPED"��'LQ�ROWHQL�VL�PROGRYHQL���'H�FH�"��3W��FD�ROWHQLL�VXQW�SURVWL�GH�EXEXLH��LDU�PROGRYHQLL�VH�LPSUDVWLH������'H�FH�DX�ROWHQLL�VRED�vQ�PLMORFXO�FDVHL"��&D�VD�]LFD�FD�DX�vQFDO]LUH�FHQWUDOD������'H�FH�YRU�ROWHQLL�VD�DLED�YDFD�SUHFXP�JLUDID"��&D�VD�SDVFD�OD�YHFLQL�VL�V�R�PXOJD�HL������&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�XQ�ROWHDQ�VL�XQ�WHOHIRQ�SXEOLF"��7UHEXLH�VD�GDL�vQ�HO�FD�VD�vL�FDGD�ILVD������'H�FH�PDQkQFD�ROWHQLL�IDVROH"��&D�VD�VL�GHD�DHUH������'H�FH�VXQW�ROWHQLL�PX]LFLHQL"��3HQWUX�FD�GRUP�SH��VRO��VL�YRUEHVF�FX��ID�������'H�FH�UkG�ROWHQLL�FkQG�IXOJHUD"��&UHG�FD�VXQW�IRWRJUDILDWL������&H�IDFH�ROWHDQXO�FDQG�QX�DUH�FH�IDFH"�

Page 299: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�6H�GH]EUDFD�VL�vVL�SD]HVWH�KDLQHOH������'H�FH�VH�UXSH�EDQFD�DWXQFL�FvQG�VH�DVHD]D�XQ�ROWHDQ�SH�HD"��&HO�PDL�LQWHOLJHQW�FHGHD]D������'H�FH�VH�IHUHVF�ROWHQLL�VD�GRDUPD�SH�SDLH�VDX�vQ�IkQ"��&D�VD�QX�LD�IRF�DWXQFL�FkQG�OH�R�VFDSDUD�PLQWHD������'H�FH�ROWHQLL�GRUP�SH�URJRMLQD�XGD"��/H�H�IULFD�VD�QX�OH�VFDSHUH�PLQWHD�vQ�VRPQ���������'H�FH�vVL�YRSVHVF�ROWHQLL�DQWHQD�79"��&D�VD�YDGD�SURJUDPHOH�OD�WHOHYL]RU�vQ�FXORUL������&XP�VFRW�ROWHQLL�SUD]XO�GLQ�SDPkQW"��&X�FKHLD�IUDQFH]D������&XP�SULQGH�ROWHDQXO�XQ�LHSXUH"��6H�DVFXQGH�vQ�WXILV�VL�IDFH�FD�PRUFRYXO������'H�FH�VH�QXPHVF�ROWHQLL�ROWHQL"�5��3HQWUX�FD�WUHFH�2OWXO�SH�OD�HL����6L�GDFD�DU�VHFD�2OWXO�FXP�V�DU�QXPL"�5��6HFDWXUL"������'H�FH�DX�ROWHQLL�FDSXO�PLF"��3HQWUX�FD�JkQGHVF�FRQFHQWUDW������'H�FH�DX�ROWHQLL�JkWXO�OXQJ"��6D�SRDWD�SULYL�SHVWH�PXQWL��VD�YDGD�FkQG�DSDUH�XQ�SRVW�GH�VHI�vQ�$UGHDO������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�XQ�PDU�VL�XQ�ROWHDQ"��0DUXO��FHO�SXWLQ��HVWH�FXOWLYDW������'H�FH�SRDUWD�ROWHQLL�FDPDVL�vQ�SDWUDWHOH�DOEH�VL�QHJUH"��6D�SRDWD�VD�L�SRDWD�VSXQH�QHYHVWHL���6FDUSLQD�PD�OD�+�������'LQ�FH�HVWH�IDFXW�YHFHXO�ROWHQLORU"'LQ�GRXD�EHWH��GH�XQXO�VH�WLQH��LDU�FX�FHODODOW�DOXQJD�FkLQLL������6WLWL�GH�FLWH�RUL�UkGH�XQ�ROWHDQ�GH�XQ�EDQF"��'H���RUL���&vQG�vO�DXGH���&vQG�vO�VSXQH�DOWXLD���&vQG�vO�vQWHOHJH������&XP�IDF�ROWHQLL�XQ�JDUG"��%DW���VFDQGXUL�VL�VFULX�V�D�P�G���VDX�HWF����������'H�FH�vVL�SOLPED�ROWHQLL�QHYDVWD�FX�URDED�SULQ�SLYQLWD"��&D�VD�R�RELVQXLDVFD�FX�PHWURXO������'H�FH�H�VkPEDWD�FHDWD�vQ�&5$,29$"���6FXWXUD�ROWHQLL�URJRMLQLOH���������'H�FH�DX�ROWHQLL�XQJKLLOH�OXQJL�OD�SLFLRDUH"��&D�VD�QX�GHUDSH]H�SH�URJRMLQD��������'H�FH�vVL�LDX�ROWHQLL�URJRMLQD�FX�HL�OD�PDUH"��&D�VD�VH�VLPWD�FD�DFDVD��������&XP�VH�UHFXQRDVWH�XQ�ROWHDQ�GLQWU�XQ�JUXS�GH�SHUVRDQH"��6WULJL��VHIXOH��LDU�HO�HVWH�VLQJXUXO�FDUH�vQWRDUFH�FDSXO����

Page 300: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����'H�FH�SRDUWD�ROWHQLL�PXVWDWD"��6D�PDQkQFH�OD�XPEUD������'H�FH�DOHDUJD�ROWHQLL�vQ�QRDSWHD�GH�ÌQYLHUH�GXSD�DPEXODQWD"��&D�VD�SXSH�FUXFHD��������&H�DX�IDFXW�ROWHQLL�FkQG�DX�YD]XW�SULPD�GDWD�XQ�YDSRU"��$X�EDJDW�FDSXO�VXE�DSD�VD�L�YDGD�URWLOH��������'H�FH�QX�SODQWHD]D�ROWHQLL�IORUL�vQ�IDWD�FDVHL"��&D�VD�QX�OH�IDFD�QHYHVWHOH�FRSLL�GLQ�IORUL�����8Q�ROWHDQ�KRWDUDVWH�FD�WUHEXLH�QHDSDUDW�VD�VH�DSXFH�GH�SDUDVXWLVP��6H�GXFH�WLSXO�OD�XQ�FOXE��DVWLD�vO�EDJD�vQ�SULPXO�DYLRQ���/D�PRPHQWXO�SRWULYLW��GHVFKLGH�XVD�DYLRQXOXL�VL�VH�DUXQFD��7UDJH�GH�VIRDUD����GDU�QLPLF��ÌQ�FDGHUH��WUHFH�SH�OkQJD�DOWL�ROWHQLFDUH�]EXUDX�vQ�VXV���7LSXO�OH�]LFH��+HL��9RL�QX�VWLWL�FXP�VH�GHVFKLGH�R�SDUDVXWD",DU�DLD�UDVSXQG��1X��GD�WX�VWLL�FXPYD�FXP�VH�IDFH�JUDWDU�OD�EXWHOLD�FX�JD]"���/D�JUDQLWD�GLQWUH�$UGHDO�VL�2OWHQLD�ROWHQLL�VFULX�SH�XQ�JDUG�GDUDSDQDW��$UGHOHQL��YD�I WHP�LQ�FXU���'XSD�XQ�DQ��DUGHOHQLL�FRQVWUXLHVF�XQSDQRX�XULDV�FX�OLWHUH�GH�LQR[���6L�QRL�SH�YRL���$�GRXD�]L��ROWHQLLVWHUJ�LQMXUDWXUD�LQLWLDOD�GH�SH�JDUG�VL�VFULX��6D�QH�SXSDWL�LQ�FXU�����8Q�ROWHDQ�YLQH�DFDVD�EHDW�FULWD�VL�VH�FXOFD�FX�FDFLXOD�SH�FDS��3H�OD�PLH]XO�QRSWLL��VH�WUH]HVWH��SXQH�PkQD�vQ�FDS�VL�VL�VSXQHVXUSULQV��0DL��PDUH�PLQXQH��0�DP�FXOFDW�FKHO�VL�P�DP�WUH]LW�FX�SDUXO�YkOYRL����6H�GXF�ROWHQLL�OD�SULPDUXO�GLQ�&UDLRYD��VD�FDSHWH�SHUPLVLXQHD�VD�GRDUPDVL�HL�LQ�FHUVDIXUL��FD�WRDWD�OXPHD��FD�SLQD�DWXQFL�GRUPHDX�SH�URJRMLQL��%LQH��]LFH�SULPDUXO��YD�GDX�YRLH�VD�SXQHWL�DVWHUQXW��GDU�vQ�SUHDODELO�VD�YD�VSDODWL�SH�SLFLRDUH�8Q�ROWHDQ�QHGXPHULW�vQWUHDED��'RP�SULPDU��GD�GDFD�Q�DYHP�SUHDODELO��SXWHP�VD�QH�VSDODP�vQ�OLJKHDQ"���8Q�'RPQ�vQWU�XQ�WUHQ��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�WUHQXO�RSUHVWH�vQWU�R�JDUD�1HPDLILLQG�QLPHQL�vQ�FRPSDUWLPHQW��'RPQXO�VDUH�OD�JHDP�GLVSHUDW�VL�vQWUHDED�SH�FLQHYD�GH�SH�SHURQ��'RPOH��GRPOH��QX�WH�VXSDUD��DLFL�H�&DUDFDO"/D�FDUH�FHO�GH�SH�SHURQ�XLWkQGX�VH�GLUHFW�vQ�RKLL�FHOXLODOW��YL]LELO�HQHUYDW��UDVSXQGH���%LQH�PD�FD�HVWL�WX�GHVWHSW����8Q�ROWHDQ�LQWUD�vQWU�R�IUL]HULH�VL�O�vQWUHDED�SH�IUL]HU��&kW�IDFH�OD�GXPQHDWD�XQ�WXQV"��������GRPQXOH��'DU�XQ�EDUELHULW"�'RDU��������$WXQFL�EDUELHUHVWH�PD�vQ�FDS����'RL�ROWHQL�LQ�YDFDQWD��/D�RUD���GLPLQHDW]D��XQXO�vO�WUH]HVWH�SH�FHODODOW��0DULQH��&H"�'HVFKLGH�RFKLL�VL�VSXQH�PL�FH�YH]L"�&HUXO��6L"�6L�/XQD��6L"�6L�&DUXO�0DUH��6L"�6L�&DUXO�0LF��6L"�6L���,RDQHHH����DVWLD�QH�DX�IXUDW�FRUWX�

Page 301: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���'RL�ROWHQL�OXFUDX�OD�UHWHDXD�GH�HOHFWULILFDUH�VL�WUHEXLDX�VD�SXQD�XQ�VWkOS�vQ�SDPkQW�6HIX�vL�YHGH�FD�DX�IDFXW�JURDSD��DSRL�FD�DX�PDVXUDW�VWkOSXO�VL�SOHDFD�&kQG�VH�vQWRDUFH��YHGH�FD�DX�SXV�VWkOSXO�VL�XQXO�GLQ�HL�HUD�VXV�SH�VWkOS�VL�PDVXUD��6HIXO�PLUDW�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�IDFL"�'H�FH�vO�PDVRUL��FD�GRDU�O�DL�PDVXUDW�MRV"/D�FDUH�ROWHDQXO�UDVSXQGH��'D���MRV�L�DP�PDVXUDW�OXQJLPHD��DFXP�vL�PDVRU�vQDOWLPHD������8Q�ROWHDQ�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�XQ DUGHOHDQ�FDUH�GXFHD�GH�OHJDWRDUH�R�FDSUD��8QGH�GXFL�ERXO�DOD"�vQWUHDED�ROWHDQXO�&RQWUDULDW��DUGHOHDQXO�VH�XLWD�VSUH�DQLPDO�WHPkQGX�VH�GH�R�VRWLH��GXSD�FDUH�ULSRVWHD]D��(VWL�FKLRU��QX�YH]L�FD�L�FDSUD"�3DL��HX�FX�FDSUD�YRUEHDP������$IODW�OD�R�UXGD�vQ�%XFXUHVWL�XQ�ROWHDQ�LHVH�GLPLQHDWD�SH�EDOFRQ�VD�VL�VFXWXUH�URJRMLQD��'LQ�QHDWHQWLH��VH�DSOHDFD�SUHD�PXOWVL�FDGH�6SHULDWL��WUHFDWRULL�VH�DGXQD�vQ�MXUXO�OXL��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�"�vQWUHDED�XQXO��1X�VWLX��QHLFD��$ELD�SLFDL�VL�HX��UDVSXQGH�ROWHDQXO�����'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��PD�GRDUH�FDSXO�GH�QX�PDL�SRW��VH�SOkQJH�XQ�ROWHDQ�OD�R�YL]LWD�PHGLFDOD��'XPQHDWD� VXIHUL� GH�R� ERDOD� UDUD��(VWL�SUHD�GHVKWHSW� VL� GLQ� FDX]D� DVWD� DL� VFRDUWD� FUHLHUXOXL� SUHD� vQFUHWLWD�� &D� VD�WL� WUHDFDGXUHULOH�WUHEXLH�VD�WH�RSHUH]�FD�VD�WL�R�vQWLQG�&XP�R�YUHL�vQWLQVD�FRPSOHW"�1HWHGD�FDV�Q�SDOPD��QXPD�VD�QX�PD�PDL�GRDUD�=LV�VL�IDFXW��/D���VDSWDPkQL�GXSD�RSHUDWLH��PHGLFXO�vO�vQWUHDED��&XP�WH�VLPWL"�1R��IDLQ����&LFD�V�D�GXV�XQ�ROWHDQ�VL�HO�OD�3DULV��$FROR��DJORPHUDWLH�PDUH��VH�GXFH�ROWHDQXO�QRVWUX� OD�XQ�KRWHO���DFROR�QX�PDL�DYHDXFDPHUH�&X�FKLX�FX�YDL�VH�IDFH�URVW�GH�R�FDPHUD��GDU�vQ�FDUH�ORFXLD�XQ�QHJUX���9RUEHVWH�ROWHDQXO� FX�SRUWDUXO� VD�O� VFRDOH� OD� RUD���$�0�� VD� QX� SLDUGD� WUHQXO� VL� VH� GXFH� vQ� FDPHUD� �OD� QHJUX��� 6WD� ROWHDQXOQRVWUX��VH�XLWD�OD�HO��VH�vQYDUWHD�SH�OkQJD�HO�VL�WRW�]LFHD��0D��GD�XUkW�PDL�H��DROHX��GD�XUkW�PDL�HVWL�PD��FH�XUkW�H��XUkW�PDL�H�RPX�DVWD���PDL�FH�XUkW�H�������VL�WRW�DVD�SkQD�DGRDUPHROWHDQXO�QRVWUX�1HJUXO��FDUH�VWLD�URPkQD�vVL�SXQH�vQ�JkQG�VD�O�DUDQMH]H�SH�ROWHDQ�VL�VH�VFRDOD�OD����QRDSWHD�VL�vL�GD�FX�FUHPD�QHDJUD�SH�IDWD���6H�VFRDOD�ROWHDQXO�OD����VH�XLWD�vQ�RJOLQGD�VL�H[FODPD��0D��GD�SURVW�HVWH�SRUWDUXO�DVWD��/�D�WUH]LW�SH�QHJUX�vQ�ORF�VD�PD�WUH]HDVFD�SH�PLQH����8Q�DUGHOHDQ�LD�WUHQXO�GH�OD�%XFXUHVWL�OD�&OXM��ÌQ�FRPSDUWLPHQW�XUFD�GRL�ROWHQL�VPHFKHUL�&XP�ORU�OH�FDGH�ILVD�UHSHGH��vVL�GDX�VHDPD�FD�DX�GH�D�IDFH�FX�XQ�DUGHOHDQ�6H�JkQGHVF�FXP�VD�VH�GLVWUH]H�SkQD�OD�&OXM�FD�DYHDX�VL�HL�GUXP�SH�DFROR�2OWHQLL��$UGHOHQH��VSXQH�GRL��$UGHOHDQXO��'RL��2OWHQLL��6D�QH�SXSL�LQ�FXU�SH�DPLQGRL��5kVHWH��FRPHQWDULL�HWF��0DL�WUHF�����NP�2OWHQLL��$UGHOHQH��VSXQH�GRL��$UGHOHDQXO��'RL��2OWHQLL��6D�QH�SXSL�vQ�FXU�SH�DPLQGRL��5kVHWH��FRPHQWDULL�HWF��)D]D�VH�PDL�UHSHWD�GH�FkWHYD�RUL�&kQG�VXQW�DSURDSH�GH�&OXM��DUGHOHDQXO�]LFH��6SXQHWL�SDWUX��6WDX�ROWHQLL��VH�JkQGHVF��DSRL�VSXQ��3DWUX���6D�R�I WL�SH�PDWD���'D�QX�VH�SRWULYHVWH���/DV�FD�R�SRWULYLWL�YRL�FX�PkQD�����8Q�DUGHOHDQ�VL�XQ�ROWHDQ�vQ�WUHQ��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�OL�VH�IDFH�IRDPH��DUGHOHDQXO�VFRDWH�VODQD�VL�FKLWD��EULVFD�VL�vQFHSH�VDPDQkQFH�2OWHDQXO�VFRDWH�QLVWH�ILWH�GH�SHVWH��PDQkQFD�SXWLQD�FDUQH�GH�SHVWH�VL�SXQH�JULMXOLX�RDVHOH�SH�QX�]LDU���$UGHOHDQXO�vO�YHGH�VL�OvQWUDED��0D�ROWHQH�GD�FH�IDFL�FX�RDVHOH�FHOH�"�

Page 302: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�2R����RDVHOH�DVWHD�VXQW�IRDUWH�EXQH��GHRVHELW�GH�VDQDWRDVH��FRQWLQ�IRVIRU�VL�DVWD�QH�IDFH�SH�QRL�ROWHQL�DVD�GHVWHSWL��6WD�DUGHOHDQXO��VH�JkQGHVWH��VL�vQ�ILQDO�vL�SURSXQH�ROWHDQXOXL�VD�IDFD�VFKLPE�GH�PLQFDUH�$FXP�ROWHDQXO�VH�vQIUXSWD�GLQ�FKLWD�VL�VODQD��LDU�DUGHOHDQXO�FX�R�ILJXUD�VFkUELWD�vQFHDUFD�VD�URQWDLH�RDVHOH�GH�SHVWH����0D�ROWHQH�EDJ�VDPD�FD�P�DL�SDFDOLW�FX�RDVHOH�DVWHD�GH�SHVWH�����3DL�YH]L��QLFL�Q�DL�JXVWDW�ELQH�VL�WH�DL�GHVWHSWDW�����6RWLD�OXL�0DQGDFKH��ROWHDQ�GH�OD�PDPD�OXL��GLVFXWD�FX�R�SULHWHQD��0kLQH�H�]LXD�OXL�EDUEDWX�PHX�VL�QX�VWLX�FH�FDGRX�VD�L�LDX��&XPSDUD�L�R�SDODULH��1X��FD�DVWD�L�DP�OXDW�DQXO�WUHFXW��&XPSDUD�L�DWXQFL�R�FDUWH��1X��FD�PDL�DUH�XQD����8Q�ROWHDQ�vVL�FXPSDUD�XQ�FHDV�VL�R�SHUHFKH�GH�FL]PH��QRL��ELQHvQWHOHV���0vQGUX�QHYRLH�PDUH��LHVH�SULQ�WvUJ�VD�VH�IDOHDVFD�GDU�OXPHD�QXREVHUYD�FD�RPXO�QRVWUX�V�D�vQQRLW��7RW�vQFHUFkQG�HO�VD�DWUDJD�DWHQWLD�WUHFDWRULORU��WUHFH�XQ�FkLQH��&XP�vO�YHGH��ROWHDQXO�QRVWUXvL�]LFH��0DUV�GH�DLFL�SRWDLH��FD�GDFD�vWL�GDX�R�FL]PD�vQ�FLQFL�PLQXWH�HVWL�PRUW����'RL�ROWHQL�HUDX�SH�FkPS� OD�FRDVD�FkQG�DX�QDYDOLW� WXUFLL��'H� IULFD�� ROWHQLL� V�DX�DVFXQV�FX�FDSXO� vQ�FkWH�R�FDSLWD�GH� IkQ�SUHFXP�VWUXWLL��&kQG�DX�DMXQV�WXUFLL�OD�HL��L�DX�I XW�vQ�FXU�VL�DX�SOHFDW�PDL�GHSDUWH�6FRW�ROWHQLL�FDSXO�GLQ�IkQ�VL�XQXO�EXFXURV�VSXQH��%D�YHUH��GD�SURVWL�PD�VL�WXUFLL�DVWLD��6L�Q�FXU�QH�FDXWDUD�VL�WRW�QX�QH�JDVLUD�����'H�FH�SXQ�ROWHQLL�ODPkLH�OD�FDSXO�PRUWXOXL"5�&D�VD�QX�L�ILH�JUHDWD�SDPkQWXOXL�����'H�FH�vQJURDSD�ROWHQLL�PRUWLL�vQ�SLFLRDUH"5�&D�VD�ILH�SULPLL�OD�vQYLHUH�����&H�HVWH�2OWXO"5�8Q�KRWDU�QDWXUDO�FDUH�GHVSDUWH�UkVXO�OXPLL�GH�UHVWXO�OXPLL�����'H�FH�DX�ROWHQLL�FRDWHOH�DVFXWLWH"5�&D�VD�VL�IDFD�ORF�SULQWUH�SURVWL�������'H�FH�SRDUWD�ROWHQLL�FDPDVD�VFRDVD�GLQ�SDQWDORQL�"5�&D�VD�L�SXSH�vQ�IXQG�PDL�XVRU�FHL�FDUH�IDF�PLVWR�GH�HL����&XP�PHUJ�SH�VWUDGD�URPkQLL"�$UGHOHQLL�PHUJ�vQ�JUXS�FD�VXQW�SURVWL�JUDPDGD����0ROGRYHQLL�PHUJ�FkWH�����FD�VXQW�SURVWL�GDU�VH�PDL�DMXWD�XQXO�SH�DOWXO����2OWHDQXO�PHUJH�VLQJXU�FD���HVWH�SURVW�GH�Q�DUH�SHUHFKH������8Q�ROWHDQ�YLQH�SHQWUX�SULPD�GDWD�OD�%XFXUHVWL��'XSD�FH�FRERDUD�GLQ�WUHQ�vVL�FXPSDUD�XQ�SRUXPE�ILHUW�SH�FDUH�GD���OHX�'XSD�FkWHYD�RUH�vL�YLQH�VD�VH�FD H��&D�VD�LQWUH�OD�XQ�:&�X�SXEOLF�SODWHVWH���OHL��'XSD�FH�LHVH��VSXQH��,D�XLWH�ED����DP�PkQFDW�GH���OHX�VL�P�DP�FDFDW�GH���������'H�FH�QX�DX�ROWHQLL�FLPLWLUH�VL�PRUPLQWH"5�3HQWUX�FD�WRWL�HPLJUHD]D�VL�VH�vQPRUPkQWHD]D�vQ�$UGHDO�������8QXO�VH�GXFH�Q�YL]LWD�OD�XQ�SULHWHQ�GLQ�2OWHQLD��,HV�HL�OD�R�EHUH�VL�VWkQG�OD�PDVD�YDG�GRL�PXQFLWRUL��XQXO�VDSD�XQ�VDQW�FDPGH����FP�ODWLPH�VL����FP�DGkQFLPH��OD�FkWLYD�PHWUL�vQ�VSDWHOH�OXL��FHODODOW�DVWXSD�JURDSD����2PXO�QRVWUX�QX�VH�SRDWH�DEWLQH�VL�L�vQWUHDED�SH�FHL�GRL�FDUH�L�WUHDED��8QXO�GLQ�HL�UDVSXQGH��'RPOH��vQ�PRG�QRUPDO��HFKLSD�QRDVWUD�H�IRUPDWD�GLQ���RDPHQL��XQXO�VDSD�JURDSD��DOWXO�SXQH�FDEOXO��LDU�FHO�GH�DO�WUHLOHD�RDVWXSD��QXPDL�FD�DOD�GH�SXQHD�FDEOX�HVWH�vQ�FRQFHGLX�������6WLDWL�FD�SUDIXO�GH�SXVFD�VH�IDFH�GLQ�ROWHQL"5�6XQW�LXWL�FD�IRFXO�VL�SURVWL�GH�EXEXLH�����6WLWL�GH�XQGH�YLQH��ID�"5�(VWH�GLPLQXWLYXO�GH�OD��)DSWXUD�*LQJDVD��

Page 303: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���Ì�'H�FH�vVL�LDX�ROWHQLL�RFKHODUL�GH�HFOLSVD"5�&D�VD�DLED�OD�FH�VH�XLWD���Ì�&XP�H�IDEULFD�GH�EHUH�OD�ROWHQL"5�ÌQJURDSD�PDJDUXO�FX�SX DQ�VXV������Ì�'H�FH�D�PXULW�ROWHDQXO�FkQG�D�EDXW�ODSWH"5�3HQWUX�FD�D�SLFDW�YDFD�SH�HO������&XP�V�D�LQYHQWDW�GDQVXO�&DOXVDULL"0DULQ��FX�FDVD�JUHD��OD�&DUDFDO��DFROR�XQGH�V�D�UDVWXUQDW�VWLWL�YRL�FH��DYHD�R�VLQJXUD�EXGD�vQ�FXUWH�OD����PHPEUL�DL�IDPLOLHL��6LSH�FkQG�0DULQ�GLPLQHDWD�vVL�GHVHUWD�PDWHOH�FHOH�JURDVH�GH�UHVWXUL�GH�IDVROH��FRSLLL��FXP�YHQHDX�OD�EXGD��VH�VWUkQJHDX�vQ�IDWDXVLL�VL�DVWHSWDX�WURSDLQG�GH�]RU�SH�ORF�GH�QHUDEGDUH�VL�GRULQWD��0DULQ�GLQDXQWUX�WUDJHD�GLQ�FkQG�vQ�FkQG�FkWH�R�EDVLQD�OD�FDUHFHL�GH�DIDUD�WURSDLQG��,�DX]L�XQD��L�DX]L�GRXD������Ì�&H�HVWH�FkQG�VSXL��ROWHDQ�GHVWHSW�"5�&RQWUDGLFWLH�GH�WHUPHQL���&LFD�vQ�2OWHQLD�HUD�XQ�VDW�FDUH�VH�FKHPD�*DXULFD��LDU�kQ�VDW�R�SUDYDOLH�FDUH�WRW�*DXULFD�VH�FKHPD��/D�SUDYDOLH�HUDX�GRLYkQ]DWRUL��SH�XQXO�vO�FKHPD�7DFKH�VL�SH�FHODODOW�7LFD��$�YHQLW�XQ�FRSLO��VD�FXPSHUH�WXV��/D�SUDYDOLH�HUD�QXPDL�7LFD��VL� L�DVSXV�FRSLOXOXL��1X�WL�YkQG��SkQD�QX�H�VL�7DFKH�FX�PLQH�$OWDGDWD�D�YHQLW�FRSLOXO�VD�FXPSHUH�WXV��VL�HUD�QXPDL�7DFKH��FDUH�Q�D�YUXW�VD�L�YkQGD�FRSLOXOXL��SkQD�QX�H�VL�7LFD�$�YHQLW�FRSLOXO�D�WUHLD�RDUD��FkQG�HUDX�VL�7LFD��VL�7DFKH��GDU�WXV�QX�HUD��$WXQFL��FRSLOXO�FHO�QHEXQDWLF�]LVH�SH�ROWHQHVWH��&DQG�IX�7LFD��QX�IX�7DFKH��&kQG�IX�7DFKH��QX�IX�7LFD��&kQG�IX�7DFKH�VL�IX�7LFD��QX�IX�WXV�OD�*DXULFD����Ì�&H�vVL�VSXQH�XQ�ROWHDQ��PXWDW�vQ�%DQDW��vQ�IDWD�RJOLQ]LL�vQ�WLPS�FH�vVL�GD�SDOPH"5�1D��QD��QD��HVWL�GH�VDVH�OXQL�GHMD�LQ�%DQDW�VL�QX�HVWL�vQFD�GLUHFWRU����Ì�'H�FH�QX�VH�WLSDUHVF�SH�EDQFQRWHOH�URPkQHVWL�KRORJUDPH�OXFLRDVH"5�2OWHQLL�DU�vQFHSH�VD�OH�UD]XLDVFD�������Ì�&XP�IDFH�XQ�ROWHDQ�DFFLGHQW�GH�DYLRQ"5�6H�XLWD�GXSD�DYLRQ�VL�FDGH�vQ�JURDSD������'H�FH�vVL�LDX�ROWHQLL�FX�HL�OD�EXGD�PXVWDUXO"5�$X�DX]LW�FD�FkUQDWLL�DX�XQ�JXVW�PDL�EXQ�FX�PXVWDU������Ì�'H�FH�DX�ROWHQLL�VWHDJXUL�URVLL�OD�SRDUWD"5�&D�VD�OL�VH�IkOIkLH�GH�FHL�FDUH�VSXQ�EDQFXUL�GHVSUH�HL����Ì�'H�FH�QX�V�D�QDVFXW�,VXV�QLFL�vQ�0ROGRYD�VL�QLFL�vQ�2OWHQLD"5�ÌQ�0ROGRYD�QX�D�JDVLW�'XPQH]HX�QLFL�R�YLUJLQD�LDU�vQ�2OWHQLD�OLSVHDX�FHL�WUHL�vQWHOHSWL�SHQWUX�QDVWHUHD�VD������Ì�&H�DX�IDFXW�ROWHQLL�FkQG�DX�YD]XW�SULPD�RDUD�WUHQXO"5�$X�IXJLW�GXSD�HO�FX�FRFHQL��VD�L�GHD�VD�PDQkQFH������'H�FH�VH�EkOEkLH�ROWHQLL�FkQG�YRUEHVF"3HQWUX�FD�OH�R�LD�PLQWHD�LQDLQWH����'H�FH�FRPELQD�ROWHQLL�FLRDUD�FX�SHVWHOH"&D�VD�PDQkQFH�LFUH�QHJUH���Ì�'H�FH�VDSD�ROWHQLL�JURDSD�vQ�IDWD�FDVHL"5�3HQWUX�D�VL�IDFH�IRWRJUDILH�EXVW����Ì�&XP�VFDSD�ROWHQLL�GH�PXVWH"5�8UFD�PkQFDUHD�vQ�SRG�VL�GXSD�FH�VH�DGXQD�PXVWHOH�OH�LD�VFDUD������Ì�&XP�VH�IDFH�DYRUWXO�vQ�2OWHQLD"5�6H�vPSXVFD�EDU]D

Page 304: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���Ì�'H�FH�vQ�VDWHOH�GLQ�2OWHQLD�VFROLOH�VXQW�SH�GHDO"5�3HQWUX�FD�ROWHQLL�VD�PHUJD�OD�VFROL�vQDOWH���%DQFXUL�FX�PRORYHQL��'H�FH�QX�IDF�PROGRYHQLL�6,'$")LLQGFD�DUH�VL�6,'$�PLQGULD�HL���&H�VXQW�DLD�FKLORWL�"0ROGRYHDQXO��$LD�FDUH�FKLORWHD]D�DYLRDQHOH���&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�SH�PROGRYHQHVWH�SXUHHXO�GH�FDUWRIL"%DUDEXOL�EDWXVLWL���&H�H�DOD�XQ�SLURQ�"0ROGRYHDQXO��/RFXO�GH�XQGH�WH�XUFL�vQ�WUHQ���'LQ�FH�H�IDFXWD�R�ERPED"'LQ�ROWHQL�VL�PROGRYHQL�'H�FH�"3W��FD�ROWHQLL�VXQW�SURVWL�GH�EXEXLH��LDU�PROGRYHQLL�VH�vPSUDVWLH���&XP�VH�FKHDPD�SH�PROGRYLHQHVWH�ILOPXO��/RYLWXUD�IXOJHUDWRDUH�"3DOLWXUD�FUkQVLQD���'DU�ILOPXO��5D]ERLXO�VWHOHORU�"*kOVLDYDQ�VLHU���&XP�vO�QXPHVF�PROGRYHQLL�SH�0LKDL�9LWHD]XO"0LKDLWv�%DWDLRVXO���'H�FH�OL�VH�VSXQH�PROGRYHQFHORU�QXFL"3HQWUX�FD�VH�FRF�vQ�0ROGRYD�VL�VH�VSDUJ�OD�%XFXUHVWL������ÌQ�WUDPYDL�vQJUDPDGHDOD�PDUH�2�GRDPQD�VH�vQWRDUFH�LQGLJQDWD�OD�WLSXO�GLQ�VSDWHOH�HL��0DWDOH�YULHL�VD�PD�I WL"��DFFHQW�PROGRYLHQHVF��9DL�GRDPQD�VH�SRDWH�HX�VXQW�RP�VHULRV�FXP�DV�SXWHD����$WXQVL�GD�WL�OD�R�SDUWL�SRDWH�GRULHVWH�GkQVXO�VDX�GkQVXO������/D�VFRDOD��,RQHO�HVWH�UXJDW�VD�VSXQD�R�WDUD�WURSLFDOD�VL�UDVSXQGH��/DRV����([FHOHQW����*LJHO�WUHEXLH�VD�]LFD�VL�HO�R�WRW�R�WDUD�WURSLFDOD�VL�UDVSXQGH��&ROXPELD����1X�L�UDX����ÌQ�ILQH��OD�DFHHDVL�LQWUHEDUH�%XOD�]LFH�����0ROGRYD"�"����'H�FH"�3DL�D�YHQLW�XQFKLXO�PHX�GH�OD�6XFHDYD�DVWD�LDUQD��VL�HUD�vQFDOWDW�vQ�WHQLVL�����0ROGRYHQLL�V�DX�KRWDUkW�VD�IDFD�R�IDEULFD�GH�FDXFLXFXUL��6L�VWDWHDX�HL�vQ�GLOHPD��FXP�VD�QXPHDVFD�IDEULFD�6L�]LFH�XQX���+DL�VD�L�]kFLP�SL�EXQL�FD�DP�DX]DW�FD�LWDOLHQLL�DX�R�IDEULFD�SL�UHOL�VL�OL�PHUJL�WDUL�ELQL����2�PROGRYLDQFD�VH�GXFH�OD�XQ�EDU�VL�VWULJD��0DUPDQ�DGX�XQ�UDFKLX�FD�PD�DUGLH�SL�FKHSW�%DUPDQXO�DGXFH��GXSD�FLQFL�PLQXWH��LDU��0DUPDQ�DGX�XQ�UDFKLX�FD�PD�DUGLH�SL�FKHSW�%DUPDQXO�QHUYRV�DGXFH�GDU�GXSD�FLQFL�PLQXWH��0DUPDQ�DGX�XQ�UDFKLX�FD�PD�DUJKH�SH�FKHSW�

Page 305: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

%DUPDQXO�QHUYRV�FD�R�SUXQD�XVFDWD�YLQH�VL�]LFH��$VFXOWD��WkUID��vQ�SULPXO�UkQG�LR�VXQW�EDUPDQ�VL�QX�PDUPDQ�VL�vQ�DO�GRLOHD�UkQG�VFRDWH�WL�WkWD�DLD�GLQ�VFUXPLHUD����8Q�PROGRYHDQ� SLHWRQ� vQ� &OXM� VH� SOLPED� vPSUHXQD� FX� XQ� SULHWHQ�� FkQG� WUHFH� R�PDVLQD� VL�O� VWURSHVWH� GH� VXV� SkQD� MRV�%LQHvQWHOHV��PDVLQD�GHPDUHD]D�vQ�WURPED�0ROGRYHDQXO��VXSDUDW�IRF��'�DSDL�OD�QRL�QX�VH�QWkPSOD�DVD�FHYD��'DFD�WH�VWURSHVWH�R�PDVLQD�SH�VWUDGD��DSDL�VRIHUXO�VH�GD�MRV�vVL�FHUH�VFX]H��WH�LQYLWD�OD�HO�DFDVD��vWL�XVXFD�KDLQHOH��vWL�GD�FHYD�GH�EDXW���&OXMHDQXO��7L�V�D�vQWkPSODW�WLH�DVD�FHYD�"0ROGRYHDQXO��0LH�QX��QHYHVWH�PL����8Q�PROGRYHDQ�WULPLWH�R�VFULVRDUH�LXELWHL�VDOH��FDUH�VXQD�FDP�DVD��0DW]�IHUPHFDW��6XQWHWL�XQVRDUH�SHQWUX�PLQH�������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�SH�PROGRYHQHVWH�ORYLWXUD�GH�FROW��OD�IRWEDO"�3DOLWXUD�GH�XQJKHU����&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�SH�PROGRYHQHVWH�ORYLWXUD�GH�SHGHDSVD"�3DOLWXUD�GH�RVkQGD����&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�SH�PROGRYHQHVWH�JDUGD�GH�FRUS"�6WUDMHU��GLQ�HQJ��%RG\JXDUG������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�SH�PROGRYHQHVWH�ILOPXO��6DOYDWL�GH�FORSRWHO�"�,]EDYLWL�GH�WDODQJXWD����Ì�&DUH�L�WUHDED�OD�6XFHDYD"5�%HL�PDQkQFL�VL�VWDL�GLMHDED����8Q�WkQDU�PROGRYHDQ�YHQLW�SULQ�%XFXUHVWL�SH�OD�UXGH��SH�OkQJD�YL]LWDUHD�RUDVXOXL�vVL�SXQH�vQ�FDS�VD�vQFHUFH�VL�R�FXUYD�GLQFDSLWDOD��=LV�VL�IDFXW��SOHDFD�HO�OD�DJDWDW�VL�vQ�*DUD�GH�1RUG�DJDWD�R�WkUIXOLWD�VL�PHUJ�HL�OD�XQ�KRWHO�PDL�LHIWLQ�XQGH�VL�SHWUHFWRDWD�QRDSWHD�vQ�SODFHUL��'LPLQHDWD�OD�SOHFDUH�vL�ODVD�������GH�OHL�SH�SHUQD�VL�SOHDFD�VD�QX�SLDUGD�WUHQXO�GH�,DVL��'XSD�DFHDVWDDYHQWXUD�UHXVLWD�OD�YUHR���VDSWDPkQL�PROGRYHDQXO�QRVWUX�FRQVWDWD�FD��SH�OkQJD�H[SHULHQWD�FDSDWDWD�FX�WkUID�GH�FDSLWDOD�D�PDLFDSDWDW�VL�FHYD�SDGXFKL� ODWL��&X�SULPXO�WUHQ�VSUH�FDSLWDOD�VH�vQWRDUFH�VD�L�FHDUD�VRFRWHDOD� WkUIHL�SHQWUX�FDGRXO� IDFXW��$MXQVDLFL�GXSD�FHYD�DVWHSWDUH�R�UHJDVHVWH�SH�PDGRQD�DPRUXOXL�WDULIDW�VL�R�L�D�OD�vQWUHEDUL�GLUHFW��3DL�ELQH�ID�GXSD�FH�P�DP�SXUWDW�IUXPRV�FX�WLQH�VL�L�DP�PDL�ODVDW�VL�������GH�OHL�SH�SHUQD�GLPLQHDWD�WX�DVWD�PL�IDFL"&XUYD�GXSD�FkWHYD�VHFXQGH�GH�XLPLUH�vL�UDVSXQGH�UDVSLFDW��3DL�FH�SL GD�PDWL�PD�GH�FLQ]HFL�GH�PLL�FH�DL�IL�YUXW�VD�WL�GDX�1875,,�"�"���Ì�&H�vVL�VFULX�PDL�QRX�DUGHOHQLL�SH�SRDUWD�vQ�ORF�GH��FkLQH�UDX�"5�0ROGRYHDQ�vQ�JD]GD���Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�GDFD�XQ�PROGRYHDQ�H�PLUH"5�$UH�WUHQLQJXO�QRX����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�IUDQWX]RDLFD�VL�R�PROGRYHDQFD"5�'XSD�R�QDRDSWH�GH�DPRU� IUDQWX]RDLFD� vWL�]LFH���HVWL�XQ�DPDQW�DVD�GH�EXQ���LDU�PROGRYHDQFD���DOL� WDOL� VXQW� WRDWL�PRELOLOLDVWLD"�������Ì�&H�VH�QXPHVWH�SH�PROGRYHQHVWH�FDPDUD�FKLWLWD"5�&DPHUD�DVFXQVD������8Q�RP�PHUJHD�FX�WUHQXO�SULQ�0ROGRYD��&X�HO�vQ�FRPSDUWLPHQW�XQ�PROGRYHDQ��6H�DSURSLH�GH�JDUD�2LWX]�VL�RPXO�QRVWUXGHVFKLGH�IHUHDVWUD�VD�YDGD�JDUD��0ROGRYHDQXO�GLQ�VSDWD��0DUDVHVWL���2PXO�QRVWUX��2LWX]�0ROGRYHDQXO�LDUD��0DUDVHVWL��%D�L�2LWX]�/D�FDUH�PROGRYHDQXO�LQIXULDW��ÌQFKLGH�ED�JLDPXO�FD�PD�UDVHVWL���

Page 306: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

%DQFXUL�FX�VL�GHVSUH�UHOLJLH'RYH]L�DOH�QDWLRQDOLWDWLL�OXL�,VXV7UHL�OXFUXUL�GRYHGHVF�FD�HUD�HYUHX���6�D�EDJDW�vQ�DIDFHULOH�OXL�WDWD�VX���$�WUDLW�vQ�FDVD�SDULQWHDVFD�SkQD�OD����GH�DQL���$�WUDLW�WRW�WLPSXO�FX�FRQYLQJHUHD�FD�PD�VD�H�YLUJLQD��VL�HD�D�WUDLW�WRW�WLPSXO�FX�FRQYLQJHUHD�FD�HO�H�'XPQH]HX�7UHL�OXFUXUL�GRYHGHVF�FD�HUD�LUODQGH]���1X�V�D�vQVXUDW�QLFLRGDWD���1X�D�DYXW�QLFLRGDWD�R�PHVHULH�VHULRDVD���8OWLPD�OXL�GRULQWD�D�IRVW�FHYD�GH�EDXW�7UHL�OXFUXUL�GRYHGHVF�FD�HUD�3RUWR�5LFDQ���3UHQXPHOH�OXL�HUD�-HVXV���$�DYXW�SUREOHPH�FX�MXVWLWLD���0DPD�VD�QX�D�VWLXW�FLQH�L�WDWD�VX�7UHL�OXFUXUL�GRYHGHVF�FD�HUD�LWDOLDQ���9RUEHD�FX�PkLQLOH���/D�ILHFDUH�PDVD�VHUYHD�YLQ���/XFUD�OD�vQ�GRPHQLXO�FRQVWUXFWLLORU�7UHL�OXFUXUL�GRYHGHVF�FD�HUD�HQJOH]���6H�vPEUDFD�FD�GUDFX���1X�DYHD�LGHH�FH�vQVHDPQD�R�PkQFDUH�EXQD���7RW�WLPSXO�FDXWD�FHDUWD�7UHL�OXFUXUL�GRYHGHVF�FD�HUD�DPHULFDQ���&UHGHD�FD�VWLH�UDVSXQVXO�OD�WRDWH���&UHGHD�FD�H�OD�PRGD�VD�SRUWL�KDLQH�VLIRQDWH��OXQJL�VL�VDUDFDFLRDVH���&UHGHD�FD�GLQ�JDXUD�FXUXOXL�vL�VWUDOXFHVWH�VRDUHOH�7UHL�OXFUXUL�GRYHGHVF�FD�HUD�QHJUX���1XPHD�WRDW�OXPHD��IUDWH����1X�DYHD�R�DGUHVD�SHUPDQHQWD���1LPHQL�QX�L�DU�IL�OXDW�DSDUDUHD�7UHL�OXFUXUL�GRYHGHVF�FD�HUD�KLSLRW�FDOLIRUQLDQ���1X�VL�D�WXQV�QLFLRGDWD�SHUXO���8PEOD�WRW�WLPSXO�GHVFXOW���$�LQYHQWDW�R�QRXD�UHOLJLH�&kQG�FDGH�SDVWHOH5XJDW�GH�3DSD�VD�L�VSXQD�FkQG�FDGH�3DVWHOH��*DXVV�D�]LV��3DVWHOH�YD�FDGHD�vQWRWGHDXQD�OD���DSULOLH���'�]LOH���(�]LOH

$VWIHO�SXWHWL�VD�FDOFXODWL�VLQJXUL�FkQG�FDGH�3DVWHOH�vQ�RULFH�DQ�,��&XP�vO�DIODP�SH�'��VH�vPSDUWH�DQXO�UHVSHFWLY�OD������UHVWXO�vPSDUWLULL�VH�vQPXOWHVWH�WRW�FX������OD�DFHVW�SURGXV�VH�DGDXJD�XQ�IDFWRU�IL[�������VXPD�REWLQXWD�VH�vPSDUWH�OD����LDU�UHVWXO�vPSDUWLULL�HVWH�'�,,��&XP�vO�DIODP�SH�(��VH�vPSDUWH�DQXO�FX���LDU�UHVWXO�VH�vQPXOWHVWH�FX�����VH�vPSDUWH�DQXO�FX���LDU�UHVWXO�VH�vQPXOWHVWH�FX�����VH�DGXQD�UHVWXULOH�DFHVWRU�GRXD�vPSDUWLUL�PDULWH�SULQ�vQPXOWLULOH�PHQWLRQDWH�

Page 307: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��OD�DFHDVWD�VXPD�VH�DGDXJD�GH���RUL�YDORDUHD�OXL�'�VL�OD�SURGXV�VH�DGDXJD�R�YDORDUH�IL[D������VXPD�WRWDOD�VH�vPSDUWH�FX���LDU�UHVWXO�YD�IL�WRFPDL�(�6XUVD��0DJD]LQ���VDSWDPDQDO�FXOWXUDO���VWLLQWLILF�LQGHSHQGHQW�KWWS���ZZZ�PDJD]LQ�UR�%DQFXUL�FX�SRSL��8Q�3DVWRU�VSXVH�OD�R�vQPRUPkQWDUH��$FHVW�FDGDYUX�D�IRVW�PHPEUX�vQ�ELVHULFD�QRDVWUD�GH�SHVWH����GH�DQL���/D�VOXMED�GLQ�DFHDVWD�VHDUD��YRP�DERUGD�WHPD���&H�HVWH�,DGXO"���9D�UXJDP�VD�YHQLWL�SXWLQ�PDL�GHYUHPH�SHQWUX�D�DVFXOWDUHSHWLWLLOH�FRUXOXL�QRVWUX�ELVHULFHVF����&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�SRSD�VL�XQ�LQGLFDWRU�GH�FLUFXODWLH"5�1LFLXQD��$PELL�vWL�DUDWD�GUXPXO�EXQ�GDU�QX�PHUJ�SH�HO�QLFLRGDWD�����8Q�SUHRW�FDWROLF�VL��XQXO�SURWHVWDQW�VH�FLRFQHVF�SH�VRVHD�FX�PDVLQLOH��&RERDUD��VH�XLWD�VD�YDGD�VWULFDFLXQLOH�VL�FRQVWDWD�FDSDJXEHOH�QX�VXQW�PDUL��(L��]LFH�XQXO��%LQH�FD�QX�HVWH�PDL�UDX��6D�QH�EXFXUDP�FD�DP�VFDSDW�FX�YLDWD�VL�VD�EHP�R�JXUD�GH�SDOLQFD�7RDUQD�vQWU�XQ�SDKDU�VL�vO�vQWLQGH�FHOXLODOW��$FHVWD�JROHVWH�SDKDUXO�VL�vO�GD�vQDSRL�VL�DVWHDSWD�VD�EHD�VL�FHODODW��$VWD�QLPLF�'XSD�XQ�WLPS�FHO�FH�EDXVH�vQWUHDED��'D�VILWLD�WD�QX�JXVWD�VL�HD�SXWLQ"�%D�GD��]LFH�DFHVWD��vQVD�QXPDL�GXSD�FH�YLQH�SROLWLD�VD�FRQVWDWH�FDX]D�DFFLGHQWXOXL���8Q�SUHRW�HUD�UHFXQRVFXW�FD�ILLQG�XQ�H[FHOHQW�GHJXVWDWRU�GH�YLQXUL��/D�XQ�FRQFXUV��L�VH�GD�XQ�SDKDU��vO�LD��EHD�R�JXUD��RSOLPED�FX�OLPED��VL�VSXQH��)HWHDVFD�������,�VH�GD�XQ�DOW�SDKDU��9DOHD�&DOXJDUHDVFD�������&LQHYD��FD�VD�O�IDFD�GH�UkV��vL�GD�XQ�SDKDU�FX�XULQD��3UHRWXO�vO�LD��EHD�R�JXUD��R�SOLPED��VL�VSXQH��%ORQGD��YLUJLQD��GD�QX�H�GLQ�SDURKLD�PHD���3DSD�HVWH�JUDY�EROQDY��,QWUD�GRFWRUXO�VD�O�FRQVXOWH��SH�FvQG�FDUGLQDOLL�VH�URDJD�vQ�DQWHFDPHUD��,HVH�GRFWRUXO��QHJUX�OD�IDWD��6DQFWLWDWHD�6D�HVWH�JUDY�EROQDY�VL�YD�PXUL�vQ�FXUvQG��'DU�PDL�UDPvQH��WRWXVL��R�VSHUDQWD��&D�6DQFWLWDWHD�6D�VD�VH�FXOFH�FX�RIHPHLH��9DOHOHX��$P�VSXV��GDFD�6DQFWLWDWHD�6D�VH�FXOFD�FX�R�IHPHLH��VFDSD��'DFD�QX��YD�PXUL�vQ�FXUvQG�,QWUD�FDUGLQDOLL�OD�3DSD��6DQFWLWDWHD�9RDVWUD��GRFWRUXO�VSXQH�FD�VvQWHWL�JUDY�EROQDY�VL�FD�YHWL�PXUL�vQ�FXUvQG��9DOHOHX��'DU�GRFWRUXO�VSXQH�FD�PDL�HVWH��WRWXVL��R�VSHUDQWD��FD�6DQFWLWDWHD�9RDVWUD�VD�YD�FXOFDWL�FX�R�IHPHLH��$ROHX��$VD�D�VSXV�GRFWRUXO��'DFD�6DQFWLWDWHD�9RDVWUD�YD�FXOFDWL�FX�R�IHPHLH��VFDSDWL��'DFD�QX��YHWL�PXUL�vQ�FXUvQG��%LQH��VSXQH�3DSD��DGXFHWL�R�IHPHLH��'DU�VD�ILH�RDUED��'H�FH�RDUED"�&D�VD�QX�PD�UHFXQRDVFD�6FULX�DLD��RDUED��6L�VD�PDL�ILH�VL�VXUGD��'H�FH�VXUGD"�&D�VD�QX�PD�UHFXQRDVFD�QLFL�GXSD�YRFH�6FULX�DLD��VXUGD��6L�VD�PDL�ILH�VL�PXWD��'H�FH�PXWD"�&D��GDFD�WRWXVL�PD�UHFXQRDVWH��VD�QX�SRDWD�GH]YDOXL�6FULX�DLD��PXWD��6L�VD�DLED�VkQL�PDUL��'H�FH�VkQL�PDUL"�&DVD�PL�SODFH�PLH���8Q�SRSD�QX�SUHD�VWLD�VD�FDXWH�HYDQJKHOLLOH�GLQ�GHRVHELWHOH�GXPLQLFL�VL�VDUEDWRUL��*ULMD�DVWD�FDGHD�WRW�SH�FDSXO�ELHWXOXLGDVFDO��FDUH�vQYDWDVH��SHVHPQH��FDUWH�PDL�PXOWD�

Page 308: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

ÌQWU�XQ�UkQG��GDVFDOXO��QHFDMLQGX�VH�SH�VILQWLD�VD��VH�IDFH�FD�VL�XLWD�VD�FDXWH�HYDQJKHOLD�FH�HUD�VD�VH�FHWHVFD��6H�QFHSH�VOXMED�WUHFH�XWUHQLD��VH�vQFHSH�OLWXUJKLD��YLQH�UkQGXO�HYDQJKHOLHL��VL�SRSD�vQFHSH��FD�GH�RELFHL��FX�JODV�WDUDJDQDW��=LV�D�'RPQXO����vQ�YUHPH�FH�UDVIRLD�SULQ�FDUWH�VD�JDVHDVFD�VHPQXO�GDFDOXOXL����=LV�D�'RPQXO�����=LV�D�'RPQXO�����'D�FH�D�]LV"�LQWUHED�GH�OD�VWUDQD�DIXULVLWXO�GH�GDVFDO��$�]LV�VD�WH�GDX�GUDFXOXL�FD�QX�PL�DL�SXV�VHPQ�OD�HYDQJKHOLH���3UHRWXO�VXQD�OD�XVD��'LQDXQWUX�VH�DXGH�R�YRFH�FULVWDOLQD��7X�HVWL�vQJHUDVXOH"�1X�UDVSXQVH�VOXMLWRUXO�'RPQXOXL��GDU�OXFUDP�OD�DFHHDVL�ILUPD����3DULQWH�LHUL�QRDSWH�DP�IDFXW�VH[�FX���IHPHL��6L�QX�UHJUHWL�FD�DL�SDFDWXLW"�1LFL�YRUED��HX�QX�VXQW�FUHGLQFLRV��6L�DWXQFL�GH�FH�DL�YHQLW�OD�PLQH"�3DL��WUHEXLD�VD�PD�ODXG�VL�HX�FXLYD��QX"���8Q�WLS�PHUJH�OD�SUHRW�VD�VH�VSRYHGHDVFD��VL�vL�VSXQH��3DULQWH�VXQW�SOLQ�GH�SDFDWH��VL�DV�YUHD�VD�PD�VSRYHGHVF��%LQH�IDFL�EDLDWXO�WDWLL��8OWLPHOH�SDFDWH�VD�PL�OH�VSXL��3DL�V�DCQVXUDW�XQ�YHFLQ�GH�DO�PHX��VL�D�OXDW�R�IDWD�DVD�GH�IUXPRDVD��6L�HX�PD�XLWDP�SULQ�JDUG�OD�HD��HD�OD�PLQH�VL�SkQD�vQWU�R]L��R�YDG�DVD�WULVWD��6L"�6L�DP�vPEXMRUDW�R��2��SDFDW�EDLDWXO�WDLFKLL��'RXD]HFL�GH�PDWDQLL�)DFH�WLSXO�GRXD]HFL�GH�PDWDQLL��6L�DOWH�SDFDWH�FH�DL�PDL�IDFXW"�0HUJDQG�SH�VWUDGD��P�DP�vQWkOQLW�F�R�DOWD�IDWD�SDUFD�PDL�IUXPRDVD�GHFkW�YHFLQD�PHD��6L"�(UD�VL�HD�FDP�SDOLGD��6L"�6L�DP�vPEXMRUDW�R�3DFDW��ÌQFD�GRXD]HFL�GH�PDWDQLL��6L�QX�WH�D�PXVWUDW�FRQVWLLQWD�YHQLQG�FDWUH�ELVHULFD"�%D�GD�GDU�P�DP�vQWkOQLW�VL�FX�FRDQD�SUHRWHDVD��6L"�0K�HUD�VL�GDQVD�FDP�SDOLGD��6L"�6L�DP�vPEXMRUDW�R�5DPDQH�SRSD�EORFDW��GDU�WLSXO��3DULQWH�HVWL�FDP�SDOLG����'LVFXWLH�vQWUH�XQ�SUHRW�VL�SULHWHQXO�VDX��1X�VWLX�FLQH�PL�D�IXUDW�ELFLFOHWD�DVHDUD��&XP�VD�IDF�VD�R�JDVHVF"�(�IRDUWH�VLPSOX��OD�VOXMED�GH�GXPLQLFD��vQ�WLPS�FH�HQXPHUL�FHOH����SRUXQFL��WH�XLWL�FX�DWHQWLH�OD�HQRULDVL��/D�SRUXQFD�FXIXUDWXO��GDFD�VH�vQURVHVWH�YUHXQXO��DOD�H�'XSD�R�VDSWDPkQD��(L��FLQH�V�D�vQURVLW"�1LPHQL��FD�OD�SRUXQFD�FX�SUHDFXUYLWXO�PL�DP�DGXV�DPLQWH�XQGH�DP�XLWDW�R����7UHL�FDOXJDUL�DMXQJ�vQ�5DL��ÌO�vQWUHDED�6I��3HWUX�SH�SULPXO��&X�FH�DL�SDFDWXLW��ILXOH"�$�SXV�R�GDWD�PkQD�SH�R�SX D��%LQH��VD�WL�R�VSHOL�vQ�OLJKHDQXO�DOD��FX�DSD�VILQWLWD�VL�SRWL�LQWUD�vQ�5DL�6I��3HWUX�FDWUH�DO�GRLOHD��7X�FX�FH�DL�SDFDWXLW��ILXOH"ÌQDLQWH�FD�DFHVWD�VD�SRDWD�UDVSXQGH��VSXQH�DO�WUHLOHD��%D�vQDLQWH�VD�WL�VSHOL�WX�FXUXO��ODVD�PD�VD�PL�FODWHVF�JXUD�������2�FODVD�GH�IHWH�IDFH�R�H[FXUVLH�vQ�,WDOLD��8QXO�GLQ�RELHFWLYHOH�WXULVWLFH�HVWH�R�PkQDVWLUH��8Q�FDOXJDU�OH�LD�vQ�SULPLUH�VL�WLQHXQ�PLF�GLVFXUV��ÌQDLQWH�GH�D�YL]LWD�PkQDVWLUHD��OH�URJ�SH�WRDWH�IHWHOH�FDUH�DX�DWLQV�XQ�SHQLV�VD�PHDUJD�VL�VD�VH�VSHOH�SH�PvLQL��7RDWD�FODVDGLVSDUH�OD�WRDOHWD��'XSD�R�MXPDWDWH�GH�RUD��QXPDL�R�WUHLPH�VH�vQWRUF��8QGH�VXQW�UHVWXO"��vQWUHDED�FDOXJDUXO��6H�VSDOD�SH�GLQWL

Page 309: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���8Q�SRSD�FDWROLF�LQWUD�vQWU�R�YLQHUL�vQWU�XQ�UHVWDXUDQW�VL�]LFH�FDWUH�FKHOQHU��)LXOH��DYHWL�EDOHQD"�1X�SDULQWH��1LFL�UHFKLQ�VDX�IRFD"�18�SDULQWH��$WXQFL�GD�PL�XQ�FRWOHW�GH�SRUF�vQ�VkQJH��VL�'XPQH]HX�PL�H�PDUWRU�FD�DP�YUXW�VD�PDQkQF�SHVWH����8Q�SRSD�FDUH�QX�VL�PDL�YHGHD�FDSXO�GH�WUHEXUL�vO�FKHDPD�SH�ILXO�OXL�VL�L�]LFH�VD�VWHD�HO�OD�SULPLUH�OD�VSRYHGDQLL��3HQWUXEXQD�GHVIDVXUDUH�D�DFWLYLWDWLL�vL�GD�VL�XQ�WDEHO�FX�SDFDWH�VL�SHGHSVHOH�DIHUHQWH��VL�L�H[SOLFD��8LWH��GDFD�L�EHWLY��vL�GDL����GH�PDWDQLL�VL�SODWD�D������GH�OHL�SHQWUX�ELVHULFD���=LV�VL�IDFXW��SXVWLX�VH�GHVFXUFD�YUHR�RUD��GXSD�FDUH�YLQH�IXJLQG�OD�WDFVX��7DWD��D�YHQLW�XQD�FDUH�VXJH�S�OD��FH�VD�L�GDX��FD�QX�L�vQ�WDEHO"/D�FDUH�SRSD��GLVWUDW��'D�L��������F�DWkW�vL�GDX�VL�HX������/D�SRSD�YLQH�R�WkQDUD�VL�]LFH��,DUWD�PD�SDULQWH�FDFL�DP�SDFDWXLW��0DUWXULVHVWH�WL�SDFDWHOH�VL�YHL�IL�LHUWDWD��]LFH�SRSD��1RDSWHD�WUHFXWD�DP�IDFXW�GUDJRVWH�GH�VDSWH�RUL�FX�XQ�EDUEDW���3RSD�VH�JkQGHVWH�vQGHOXQJ�VL�]LFH��,D�VDSWH�ODPkL��VWRDUFHOH�vQWU�XQ�SDKDU�VL�DSRL�EHD�VXFXO��6L�DVWD�vPL�YD�LHUWD�SDFDWXO��SDULQWH"�1X��GDU�vWL�YD�VWHUJH�]kPEHWXO�DVWD�GH�SH�IDWD������1RXO�SUHRW�VH�UDVWHVWH�OD�VOXMED��&H�IHO�GH�SDURKLH�VXQWHWL�VL�YRL"��1X�SXQHWL�QLPLFD�vQ�FXWLD�PLOHL��1X�YD�LXELWL�DSURDSHOH��SHQWUX�FD�DLFL�QX�VH�FDVDWRUHVWHQLPHQL�VL�EXQXO�'XPQH]HX�QX�YUHD�VD�DXGD�QLPLF�GH�YRL��SHQWUX�FD�DLFL�QLFL�GH�PXULW�QX�PRDUH�QLPHQL����'RL�SRSL�VWDX�GH�YRUED��=LFH�XQXO��0DL�FH�DXG�GH�OD�XQLL�FDUH�PL�VH�VSRYHGHVF��PL�VH�ULGLFD�vQWUXQD�SDODULD�����1X�PL�]L�FD�OD�VSYHGDQLH�vWL�WLL�SDODULD�vQ�FDS"�/D�FDUH�SULPXO��1X��QX��vQ�SRDOD������8Q�SRSD��DYHD�R�SUREOHPD�GH�UH]ROYDW�VL�DWXQFL�vO�URDJD�SH�XQ�SULHWHQ�VD�vL�WLQD�ORFXO�OD�VSRYHGDQLH��3DULQWH��HX�QX�VWLX��Q�DP�IDFXW�vQ�YLDWD�PHD�DVD�FHYD��&XP�VD�VWLX�HX��SHQWUX�ILHFDUH�SDFDW��FH�SHGHDSDVD�VD�GDX�"��8LWH�DLFL��vWL�GDX�R�FDUWH��vQ�LD�DL�WRDWH�SDFDWHOH�SRVLELOH��VL�SHGHSVHOH�FRUHVSXQ]DWRDUH�ÌQ�VIkUVLW��YLQH�]LXD�FX�SULFLQD�VL�JDJLXO�QRVWUX�VH�EDJD�vQ�FDPDUXWD�DVWHSWkQG�SULPXO�SDFDWRV��,QWUD�SULPXO�VL�]LFH��3DULQWH��DP�SDFDWXLW��$P�GRULW�PRDUWHD�FXLYD��6H�XLWD�RPXO�vQ�FDUWHD�GDWD�GH�SUHRW��JDVHVWH�OD�UXEULFD�UHVSHFWLYD�SHGHDSVD��7UHL�]LOH�VD�WLL�SRVW�QHJUX�VL�'XPQH]HX�WH�YD�LHUWD�0DL�YLQH�XQXO��3DULQWH��DP�SDFDWXLW��0L�DP�vQVHODW�QHYDVWD��6H�XLWD�HO�vQ�FDUWH��JDVHVWH�SHGHDSVD��&LQFL�]LOH�VD�IDFL�PDWDQLL�GH�WUHL�RUL�SH�]L�VL�'XPQH]HX�WH�YD�LHUWD�'HRGDWD�VH�DXG�QLVWH�WRFXUL�SULQ�ELVHULFD��R�JDJLFD�WDUH�YLQH�vQWLQV�FDWUH�DPYRQ��,QWUD�VL�VSXQH��3DULQWH��DP�SDFDWXLW��$P�IDFXW�VH[�DQDO�&DXWD�RPXO�vQ�FDUWH��UVIRLHVWH��QLPLF��0DL�R�LD�R�GDWD�GH�OD�FDSDW��QLPLF��1LFDLHUL�QX�VFULD�GH�VH[�DQDO��'LVSHUDW��GHVFKLGH�XVDOD�DPYRQ�VL�vO�YHGH�SH�XQ�EDLDW�FDUH�vVL�IDFHD�YHDFXO�SH�DFROR��PDWXUkQG�GH�]RU�6RSWLQG��vL�VSXQH��+HL��VSXQH�PL�VL�PLH��FH�GD�SDULQWHOH�GH�RELFHL�SHQWUX�VH[�DQDO"/D�FDUH�EDLDWXO��LPSHUWXUEDELO���'RXD�ERPERDQH�FX�PHQWD����ÌQWU�R�]L�VH�HQHUYHD]D�SRSD�VL�vL�DGXQD�SH�WRDWH�HQRULDVHOH�VDOH�SXQH�XQ�OLJKHDQ�FX�DSD�vQ�IDWD�VD�VL�OH�VSXQH��7RDWH�FDUH�DX�SDFDWXLW�DWLQJkQG�SXOD�XQXL�EDUEDW�VD�YLQD�DLFL�VL�VD�VH�VSHOH�SH�DFHD�SDUWH�D�FRUSXOXL�FX�FDUH�DX�DWLQV�9LQH�SULPD��3DULQWH��HX�DP�DWLQV�DVD�FX�GHJHWXO�PLF��$K��H�JUDY�XLWH�WH�VSHOL�DLFHD�IDFL����GH�PDWDQLL�VL�JDWD�$�GRXD��$��SDULQWH�HX�DP�DWLQV�R�FX�PDQD�VL�FX�IXQGX�3DULQWHOH�IRDUWH�VXSDUDW��(�IRDUWH�JUDY��WH�VSHOL�DLFL�VL�WLL�GRXD�OXQL�SRVW�/D�FDUH�XQD�GLQ�VSDWH�LHVH�GLQ�UkQG�VL�VSXQH�

Page 310: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�'DFD�WX�FUH]L�FD�HX�DP�VD�PL�VSDO�JXUD�DFROR�XQGH�VH�VSDOD�DLD�OD�IXQG�WH�vQVHOL����2�JDJLFD�R�SXQHD�GH�PDL�PXOW�WLPS�FX�XQ�GRFWRU��'XSD�R�SHULRDGD��JDJLFD�UDPkQH�JUDYLGD��&XP�VD�IDFD��FXP�V�R�GUHJDVD�QX�O�IDFD�SH�GRFWRU�GH�UDKDW"�9LQH�OXQD�D�QRXD��JDJLFD�SH�SXQFWXO�GH�QDVWH��ÌQ�]LXD�FX�SULFLQD��XQ�SUHRW��FX�SURVWDWD�VXSHU�XPIODWD�YLQH�OD�GRFWRU��'RPQX�GRFWRU�QX�PD�SRW��QX�PDL�SRW����/DVD�SDULQWH��FD�WH�RSHUH]�VL�QX�L�QLFL�R�SUREOHPD��0kLQH�GLPLQHDWD�YLL�SUHJDWLW�'XSD�FRQVXOWDWLD�SUHRWXOXL��JDJLFD�GRFWRUDVXOXL�vL�VSXQH��$X]L��DP�R�LGHH��GXSD�FH�VH�WUH]HVWH�GLQ�RSHUDWLH�SRSD��HX�VSXQ�VD�L�SXQHP�FRSLODVXO�vQ�EUDWH�VL�VD�L�]LFHP�FD�HVWH�XQPLUDFRO��XQ�GDU�GH�OD�'XPQH]HX��6L�FUH]L�FD�QX�VH�SULQGH"�vQWUHDED�GRFWRUXO��QHFRQYLQV��)DFHP�FD�PLQH�VL�YHL�YHGHD�=LV�VL�IDFXW��3UHRWXO�VH�RSHUHD]D�VL�FkQG�VH�WUH]HVWH�GLPLQHDWD�GLQ�DQHVWH]LH��GRFWRUXO�OkQJD�HO��3DULQWH��V�D�vQWkPSODW�R�PLQXQH��&H�PLQXQH�ILXOH"�3DULQWH�DL�QDVFXW��6L�FD�GRYDGD�XLWH�O�SH�ILXO�GXPLWDOH��VSXVH�GRFWRUXO�SUH]HQWkQG�FRSLOXO�DELD�QDVFXW�)DUD�VD�]LFD�QLPLF��FD�GRDU�HUD�SUHRW�VL�FUHGHD�vQ�PLUDFROHOH�FHOXL�GH�6XV��O�D�OXDW�VL�O�D�FUHVFXW��3HVWH�FLQFLVSUH]HFH�DQL�SUHRWXO�vVL�LD�LQLPD�vQ�GLQWL�VL�vL�VSXQH�ILXOXL��%DLDWXO�PHX��DFXP�DL�FUHVFXW�PDUH�VL�QX�PDL�SRW�WLQH�vQ�PLQH�PLQFLXQD�FH�PD�PDFLQD�GH�DWkWLD�DQL�GH�]LOH��'H�IDSW�HX�QXVXQW�WDWDO�WDX��&XP�DVD��"��VSXVH�EDLDWXO�PLUDW��(X�GH�IDSW��VXQW�PDPD�WD��WDWDO�WDX�HVWH�DUKLHSLVFRSXO����8Q�SUHRW�PHUJHD�FXP�PDVLQD�FkQG�YHGH�R�DXWRVWRSLVWD�vQWU�R�IXVWD�PLQL��6D�R�LD�VD�QX�R�LD���"�2�LD�LQ�PDVLQD�FD�VD�IDFD�VLHO�R�IDSWD�EXQD��0HUJ�FH�PHUJ�vPSUHXQD�FX�PDVLQD�VL�SUHRWXO�QX�UH]LVWD�WHQWDWLHL�VL�SXQH�PkQD�SH�SLFLRUXO�IHWHL��3VDOPXO����SDULQWH��VSXQH�WLSD�3UHRWXO�vVL�WUDJH�UHSHGH�PkQD�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH��&H�R�IL�VFULV�vQ�SVDOPXO�����"0DL�PHUJ�FH�PDL�PHUJ��SUHRWXO�vVL�SXQH�LDU�PkQD�SH�SLFLRUXO�HL�VL�LDU��3VDOPXO����SDULQWH�3UHRWXO�vVL�UHWUDJH�LDU�QHGXPHULW�PkQD�VL�PHUJ�PDL�GHSDUWH��'XSD�vQFD�R�EXFDWD�GH�GUXP�SUHRWXO�PDL�IDFH�R�vQFHUFDUH�GDUUDVSXQVXO�YLQH�LDU��3VDOPXO����SDULQWH�6H�JkQGHVWH�LDU�SUHRWXO�GDU�QX�VL�DGXFH�DPLQWH�GH�FH�H�VFULV�vQ�SVDOPXO����ÌQ�VIkUVLW�IDWD�FRERDUD��SUHRWXO�DMXQJH�DFDVD�VL�IXJHUHSHGH��LD�SVDOWLUHD��R�GHVFKLGH�OD�SVDOPXO���VL�FLWHVWH��$&($67$�(67(�&$/($�),8/(�������ÌQWU�R�]L��WUHL�WLSL�V�DX�KRWDUkW�VD�DGHUH�OD�XQ�FXOW��$VD�FD�VH�GXF�OD�FHD�PDL�DSURSLDWD�ELVHULFD�VL�GLVFXWD�FX�SRSD�GH�DFROR�3RSD�OH�VSXQH�FHORU���VD�PHDUJD�DFDVD��VD�IDFD�XQ�SDFDW�PDUH�VL�DSRL�VD�VH�UHvQWRDUFD�OD�HO��$�GRXD�]L�FHL�WUHL�WLSL�VH�vQWRUF�ODSRSD��3RSD�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�SULPXO��7X�FH�SDFDW�DL�FRPLV"�$P�RPRUkW�XQ�YHFLQ�'X�WH�DWXQFL�VL�EHD�GLQ�DSD�VILQWLWD�VL�SDFDWHOH�vWL�YRU�IL�LHUWDWH�ÌO�vQWUHDED�SH�DO�GRLOHD��7X�FH�SDFDW�DL�IDFXW"�$P�YLRODW�R�YHFLQD�GXSD�FDUH�DP�RPRUkW�R��'X�WH�VL�EHD�GLQ�DSD�VILQWLWD�VL�SDFDWHOH�vWL�YRU�IL�LHUWDWH�9LQH�VL�UkQGXO�XOWLPXOXL��7X�FH�DL�IDFXW"�0�DP�SLVDW�vQ�DSD�VILQWLWD����'RL�SRSL�FDWROLFL�IDF�FRQYHUVDWLH��1X�FUHG�FD�YRP�PDL�WUDL�VD�YHGHP�VL�IDSWXO�FD�DYHP�YRLH�VD�QH�FDVDWRULP��1RL�SUHFLV�QX��GDU�FRSLL�QRVWULL�������8Q�PLVLRQDU�vQ�MXQJOD��'HRGDWD�VH�WUH]HVWH�FX�XQ�OHX�XULDV�vQ�IDWD�VD��&DGH�vQ�JHQXQFKL�FX�PkLQLOH�vPSUHXQDWH�VL�]LFH��'RDPQH�DSDUD�PD�/HXO�OD�UkQGXO�VD�vVL�vPSUHXQHD]D�ODEHOH�GLQ�IDWD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�EROERURVHDVFD�FHYD��0LVLRQDUXO�IHULFLW��0XOWXPHVF�'RDPQH�FD�DL�DGXV�ILDUD�SH�FDOHD�7$�6L�DWXQFL�DXGH�PDL�ELQH�FH�]LFH�OHXO��9LQR�'RDPQH��)LL�DODWXUL�GH�QRL�OD�DFHVW�RVSDW�VL�ELQHFXYkQWHD]D�FHHD�FHQH�DL�GDW�������8Q�SUHRW�PHUJH�OD�XQ�DOWXO�VD�VH�VSRYHGHDVFD�

Page 311: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�$P�SDFDWXLW��$P�YL]LWDW�R�WkQDUD�YDGXYD�SHQWUX�D�R�PDL�PkQJkLD�vQ�GXUHUHD�HL��'LQWU�R�GDWD�H�D�YUXW�VD�VH�FXOFH�FX�PLQH�GDUHX�DP�UHIX]DW�R��'XSD�DVWD�V�D�GH]EUDFDW�VL�D�YUXW�VD�PD�IDUPHFH�FX�JROLFLXQHD�HL��(X�DP�UDPDV�WDUH�VL�DP�LHVLW�GLQ�FDVD�$FXPD�PD�PDFLQD�JkQGXO�FD�DV�IL�SXWXW�LHVLL�GLQ�FDVD�vQDLQWH�GH�D�R�YHGHD�JRDOD�VL�VWLX�FD�DP�SDFDWXLW��&H�WUHEXLH�VD�IDF�VDvPL�ILH�LHUWDW�SDFDWXO"�3HQWUX�SDFDWXO�DVWD�WUHEXLH�VD�SODWHVWL��9D�WUHEXL�VD�EHL����GH�OLWULL�GH�DSD��]LFH�FROHJXO�3DFDWRVXO�]LFH��'H�FH�DVD�GH�PXOWD"��1X�DU�SXWHD�IL�PDL�SXWLQD"�1X��]LFH�FHODODW��DVWD�H�UDWLD�]LOQLFD�D�XQXL�PDJDU�������8Q�SRSD�VL�R�FDOXJDULWD�MRDFD�WHQLV��3RSD�QX�SUHD�D�PDL�H[HUVDW�GH�PXOW�VL�GkQG�SH�OkQJD�PLQJH�]LFH��/D�GUDFX��3H�OkQJD���0DLFXWD��IHPHLH�FX�IULFD�OXL�'XPQH]HX�]LFH��1X�H�ELQH�VD�O�PkQLL�SH�'RPQXO�3RSD�GD�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�SH�OkQJD�PLQJH��/D�GUDFX��3H�OkQJD���0DLFD�vL�LQWHU]LFH�VD�PDL�vQMXUH��6L�WRW�DVD��/D�GUDFX��,DU�SH�OkQJD���/D�DVWD�YLQH�R�IXUWXQD�VL�WUD]QHVWH�SH�WHUHQXO�GH�WHQLV�ORYLQG�PDLFXWD��'H�VXV�VH�DXGH�R�YRFH�JUDYD��/D�GUDFX��3H�OkQJD������9DULDQWD�8Q�SRSD�VL�XQ�GDVFDO�MXFDX�EDVHEDOO�vQ�FXUWHD�ELVHULFLL��$UXQFD�GDVFDOXO�VL�SRSD�UDWHD]D�VL�vQMXUD��3DVWHOH�PDVLL�FD�LDU�DP�UDWDW�'DVFDOXO�vL�VSXQH��3DULQWH�QX�vQMXUD�vQ�FXUWHD�ELVHULFLL�FD�WH�WUD]QHVWH�'XPQH]HX�$SRL�PDL�DUXQFD�RGDWD�VL�SRSD�LDU�UDWHD]D��3DVWHOH�PDVLL�FD�LDU�DP�UDWDW�'HRGDWD�XQ�WUD]QHW�GLQ�FHU�IXOJHUD�VL�O�WUD]QHVWH�SH�GDVFDO��$SRL�VH�DXGH�GLQ�FHU�R�YRFH�JURDVD��3DVWHOH�PDVLL�FD�LDU�DP�UDWDW������8Q�SRSD�DMXQJH�vQ�5DL�VL�YHGH�FD�XQ�VRIHU�GH�WD[L�D�DMXQV�vQWU�R�IXQFWLH�PDL�PDUH�FD�D�OXL��6H�GXFH�LPHGLDW�OD�6I�3HWUH��3DL�FXP�YLQH�DVWD��SUHD�VODYLWH��HX�FDUH�DP�IRVW�R�YLDWD�VOXMLWRUXO�'RPQXOXL�VL�DP�WLQXW�DWLWHD�SUHGLFL�OD�YLDWD�PHD��FDUH�DPDGXV�DWkWLD�RDPHQL�OD�ELVHULFD��(�GUHSW�FD�PDL�DGRUPHD�FkWH�XQXO���GDU���6L�VD�DMXQJD�XQ�VRIHU�GH�WD[L�vQ�IXQFWLH�PDL�PDUH�FD�DPHD"""�1X�DP�FH�IDFH��]LFH�6I�3HWUH��DVWD�HVWH�SROLWLFD�GH�DLFL�VL�OXPHD�FkQG�VH�XUFD�OD�WD[LPHWULVWXO�DVWD�vQ�PDVLQD�QX�QXPDL�FDVWDWHD�WUHD]D�GDU�VH�VL�UXJD������8Q�SRSD�VL�R�FDOXJDULWD�VH�vQWRUF�GH�OD�R�PDQDVWLUH�VL�vQ�GUXP�VSUH�FDVD�OL�VH�VWULFD�PDVLQD��6H�GXF�OD�XQ�KRWHO�VL�vQFHDUFDVD�LQFKLULH]H�GRXD�FDPHUH�GDU�OL�VH�VSXQH�FD�QX�PDL�HVWH�GHFkW�R�VLQJXUD�FDPHUD�FX�XQ SDW�VL�QHDYkQG�FH�IDFH�vQFKLULD]DFDPHUD�IDFkQG�FRQYHQWLD�FD�SRSD�VD�GRDUPD�SH�MRV�LDU�FDOXJDULWD�vQ�SDW��'XSD�XQ�WLPS��3DULQWH��PL�H�IRDUWH�IULJ����,PHGLDW�DGXF�R�SDWXUD��3DULQWH��WRW�PDL�vPL�HVWH�IULJ����$WXQFL�PDL�DGXF�R�SDWXUD��&H�]LFL�3DULQWH�VD�QH�FRPSRUWDP�FD�VRW�VL�VRWLH����3RDWH�FD�DL�GUHSWDWH��GXWH�VL�LD�WL�VLQJXUD�SDWXUD�������3DULQWH��PL�H�UXVLQH��DP�SDFDWXLW����6SXQH��IDWD�PHD��'XPQH]HX�LDUWD��$�YHQLW�DVHDUD�,RQ�OD�PLQH��PDPD�HUD�SOHFDWD����6SXQH��VSXQH��WDLFD��6L�,RQ�P�D�OXDW�vQ�EUDWH����6L��VL"�6L�PL�D�VSXV�VD�PD�GH]EUDF���6L"�6L�P�D�WUkQWLW�SH�SDW����6SXQH��VL"�6L�PL�D�GDW�FKLORWLL�MRV���6L��VL��PDL�GHSDUWH"�6L�D�YHQLW�PDPD���)L�WL�DU�PD�WD�D�GUDFXOXL�����$P�SDFDWXLW��SDULQWH��0�DP�EDJDW�vQWU�R�FDSLWD�FX�XQ�EDLDW���

Page 312: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�(L��VL�FH�V�D�vQWvPSODW"�$�YUXW�VD�WH�GH]EUDFH"�2��QX��7H�D�VDUXWDW"�9DL��GDU�FH�FUHGHWL�FD�VvQW�HX"�7H�D�SLSDLW"�,�DV�IL�UXSW�PvLQLOH��$WXQFL�FH�WL�D�IDFXW"�8Q�FRSLO������WkQDUD��FXSULQVD�GH�UHPXVFDUL�SHQWUX�SDFDWHOH�VDYkUVLWH�vQWU�XQ�DQ��VH�GXFH�OD�ELVHULFD�VD�VH�VSRYHGHDVFD��vQDLQWH�GH�DvQFHSH��VH�DGUHVHD]D�SDULQWHOXL��3DULQWH��GDFD�GRUPL�FX�XQ�EDUEDW�VWUDLQ�HVWH�SDFDW"'DFD�GRUPL��QX����'DU�FLQH�SRDWH�VD�GRDUPD�vQ�VLWXDWLL�GH�DVWHD"����6H�GXFH�XQXO�OD�SUHRW�VD�VH�VSRYHGHDVFD��$L�SUHDFXUYLW��ILXOH"�$P�SUHDFXUYLW��SDULQWH��/D�*HWD�GLQ�GHDO�DL�IRVW"�1X��SDULQWH��'DU�OD�/HDQD�GLQ�SDGXUH"�1X��SDULQWH�3OHDFD�DVWD�VL�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�XQ�SULHWHQ��&H�IDFL��ED��DL�IRVW�OD�ELVHULFD"�'D��KDL�FX�PLQH�FD�DP�DIODW�QLVWH�DGUHVH�GH�FXUYH����3RSD�]LFH�WLQHUHL�OD�VSRYHGDQLH��$L�IDFXW�R�PDUH�QHVDEXLQWD�VD�vWL�YLQ]L�QHYLQRYDWLD�SH����GH�GRODUL���/D�FDUH�WkQDUD�VRSWLQG��6WLX�R�]L�PDL�WkU]LX�DV�IL�SULPLW�����������'DVFDOXO�VH�VWUHFRDUD�FX�DWHQWLH�SULQWUH�FUHGLQFLRVL�VL�L�VRSWHVWH�SUHRWXOXL��FDUH�FLWHD�SUHGLFD��3DULQWH��DFROR��VXV��FRULVWLL�MRDFD�SRFKHU��6WLX��UDVSXQVH�SUHRWXO��GDU�PDL�vQWkL�WUHEXLH�VD�PL�WHUPLQ�SUHGLFD������'XSD�FH�D�RILFLDW�R�FDVDWRULH��SUHRWXO�vVL�FRQWLQXD�SUHGLFD��GkQG�VIDWXUL�WLQHULORU�FDVDWRULWL������LDU�VRWLD�DUH�GDWRULD�GH�D�VL�XUPD��vQ�YLDWD��WRW�WLPSXO�VRWXO�7kQDUD�VRWLH�PDUWXULVHVWH��1X�FUHG�F�DP�VD�SRW��SDULQWH��(O�H�IDFWRU�SRVWDO������3RSD�YLQH�FX�%RWH]XO�OD�0DULD�DFDVD��3DULQWH��WH�DP�YLVDW�D]LQRDSWH��(L��VH�SRDWH�IDWD�WDWL��VH�SRDWH���3DL��VH�IDFHD�FD�DL�YHQLW�OD�QRL�VL�,RQ�QX�HUD�DFDVD����(L��VH�SRDWH�IDWD�WDWL��VH�SRDWH������VL�SDULQWH��VH�IDFHD�FD�P�DL�vQJKHVXLW�LQ�SDW�����(L��VH�SRDWH�IDWD�WDWL��VH�SRDWH������VL�SDULQWH��VH�IDFHD�FD�PL�DL�IDFXW�IDSWD�DLD���(L��VH�SRDWH�IDWD�WDWL��VH�SRDWH������VL�SDULQWH��VH�IDFHD�FD�OD�SOHFDUH�PL�DL�GDW������OHL���(L�YLVH�WDLFD��YLVH�����3DULQWH��UHFXQRVF��DP�vQFDOFDW�VIDWXULOH�SDULQWHVWL��7DWD�PL�D�LQWHU]LV�VD�PD�GXF�OD�DFHD�FDVD�GH�GHVIUkX��GDU�HX�QX�DPSXWXW�UH]LVWD�VL�L�DP�WUHFXW�SUDJXO��8UkW��ILXOH��XUkW��6L��GHVLJXU��DL�YD]XW�DFROR�FH�QX�WUHEXLD�VD�YH]L����'D��SDULQWH��ÌQ�SULPXO�UvQG��O�DP�YD]XW�SH�WDWD����2�FXUYD�VH�GXFH�OD�SRSD�FD�VD�VH�VSRYHGHDVFD��3DULQWH��$P�SDFDWXLW��3DL�FH�DL�IDFXW�IDWD�WDWLL"�$P�YD]XW�R�SX D����3DL�QX�L�QLPLF�6FRDWH�SRSD�FDOFXODWRUXO���FDOFXOHD]D�VL�]LFH��)DFL�WUHL�WXUH�GH�ELVHULFD�VL�WH�LDUWD�'XPQH]HX�

Page 313: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

9LQH�DOWD��3DULQWH�DP�SDFDWXLW��FH�DL�IDFXW�IDWD�WDWLL""DL�YD]XW�VLWX�YUHR�SXOD""�QXXX��HX�DP�SXV�PDQD���6FRDWH�SRSD�FDOFXODWRUXO��)DWD�WDWLL��]HFH�WXUH�GH�ELVHULFD�VL�WH�LDUWD�'XPQH]HX�9LQH�D�WUHLD��3DULQWH�DP�SDFDWXLW��2L�IL�SXV�VL�WX�PkQD�SH�YUHR�SX D"�(HKKK��3DULQWH�DVWD�L�MXFDULH�HX�DP�OXDW�R�vQ�JXUD�&DOFXOHD]D�SRSD��FDOFXOHD]D�VL�]LFH��$8=,�)$7$�7$7,,""�'8�7(�6,�0$,�,$�2�2�'$7$�&$�Ì0,�'$�&8�=(&,0$/(��������'RL�SRSL�VH�GXF�OD�EDLD�SRSXODUD��,QWUD�HL�OD�GXVXUL�VL�vVL�GDX�VHDPD�FD�QX�DX�OXDW�QLFL�XQXO�VDSXQ��8QXO�GLQWUH�SRSL�SOHDFDGXSD�VDSXQ��6L�FXP�QX�HUD�QLPHQL�vQ�SUHDMPD��QX�VL�LD�QLPLF�SH�HO��$MXQJH�OD�YHVWLDUH��LD�FHOH�GRXD�VDSXQXUL�VL�SOHDFD�vQDSRL�3H�KRO�vQVD��DSDU���FDOXJDULWH��&XP�QX�DYHD�FH�VD�PDL�IDFD��vQFHDUFD�VD�VWHD�QHPLVFDW�SUHIDFkQGX�VH�VWDWXLH��8QD�GLQWUHPDLFXWH�VH�DSURSLH�GH�SRSD�VL�VSXQH��(VWH�FHD�PDL�UHDOLVWD�VWDWXLH�GLQ�FkWH�DP�YD]XW��VL�vL�SXQH�PkQD�SH�VFXOD�$WXQFL�SRSD�VFDSD�XQ�VDSXQ��9DL��DP�SULPLW�XQ�VDSXQ�&HD�GH�D�GRXD�PDLFXWD�VH�DSURSLH�VL�vL�SXQH�VL�HD�PkQD�SH�VFXOD��3RSD�VFDSD�GLQ�PkQD�VL�FHODODOW�VDSXQ��9DL�VL�HX�DP�SULPLW�XQ�VDSXQ�8OWLPD�PDLFXWD�VH�UHSHGH�VL�HD�OD�VFXOD�SRSLL��IUHDFD�VL�IUHDFD�VL�����9DL�VL�HX�DP�SULPLW�VDSXQ�/,&+,'������8Q�SRSD�FDP�FRUSXOHQW��vPEUDFDW�vQ�VXWDQD��YHGH�vQ�JDUD�XQ�IRVW�FROHJ�GH�VFRDOD�FDUH�vQWUH�WLPS�DMXQVHVH�JHQHUDO�1HSXWkQGX�O�VXIHUL��QLFL�GXSD�DWkWLD�DQL�VH�GXFH�OD�HO�VL�O�vQWUHDED�FX�XQ�]kPEHW�SH�EX]H��'RPQXOH�LPSHJDW��FkQG�DP�XUPDWRUXO�WUHQ�VSUH�&OXM"/D�FDUH�JHQHUDOXO��/D�������VWLPDWD�GRDPQD��'DU�DVD�JUDYLGD��vQWU�R�OXQD�DWkW�GH�vQDLQWDWD��QX�DV�PDL�FDODWRUL�FX�WUHQXO���%DQFXUL�6DGLFH%DQFXUL�FX�$OLQXWD��$OLQXWD��$L�YD]XW�FH�RFKL�DUH�IHWLWD�YHFLQHL�QRDVWUH"7DWD��'D��IRDUWH�IUXPRVL��'DU�GH�FH�vQWUHEL"$OLQXWD��8LWH�L���$OLQXWD��0DPD��PL�DP�UXSW�XQ�GHJHW�0DPD��6DUDFD�GH�WLQH��8QGH�O�DL�UXSW"$OLQXWD��ÌQ�RFKLL�OXL�*LJHO���$OLQXWD��0DPD�GH�FH�WUHEXLH�VD�DOHUJ�WRW�WLPSXO�vQ�FHUF"0DPD��)LL�FXPLQWH��FDFL�DOWIHO�vWL�EDW�XQ�FXL�VL�vQ�SLFLRUXO�FHODODOW���$OLQXWD��0DPD�PDPD�vQFHS�VD�DPHWHVF�0DPD��1X�ILL�DVD��DVWD�H�GRDU�SURJUDPXO�GH�SUHVSDODUH���$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD�QX�PDL�YUHDX�OD�SVLKLDWUX�0DPD��1X�PD�LQWHUHVHD]D�FH�YUHL�WX��YUHDX�VD�VWLX�GH�FH�SOkQJL�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�WH�EDW���$OLQXWD�OLSVHVWH���]LOH�GH�OD�VFRDOD��&kQG�YLQH�R�vQWUHDED�vQYDWDWRDUHD�Ì�'H�FH�QX�DL�YHQLW�OD�VFRDOD"$OLQXWD��$�PXULW�PDPD�Ì��&XP�D�PXULW"$OLQXWD��$�EDWXW�XQ�FXL�vQ�SHUHWH�VL�V�D�ORYLW�FX�FLRFDQXO�SHVWH�GHJHW�Ì��%LQH��ELQH��GDU�QX�VH�PRDUH�GLQ�DVWD�$OLQXWD��6H�FKLQXLD�SUHD�PXOW�VL�WDWHL�L�V�D�IDFXW�PLOD�GH�HD�VL�D�vPSXVFDW�R���7DWD��$OLQXWD��WH�DL�VSDODW�DVWD]L�SH�GLQWL"�

Page 314: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

$OLQXWD��1X��WDWD�7��'DU�DL�FXL�VXQW�GLQWLL�GH�SH�MRV���7DWD��7H�DL�GLVWUDW�ELQH�vQ�YDFDQWD"$��'D��$P�IRVW�FX�PDPD�VL�SULHWHQXO�HL�OD�PDUH�7��6L�FH�DL�IDFXW"�7H�vPSDFDL�ELQH�FX�HO"$��'D��0D�GXFHD�vQ�ILHFDUH�GLPLQHDWD�FX�EDUFD�OD�YUHR��.P�GH�PDO�VL�HX�vQRWDP�SkQD�SH�SODMD�7��6L�QX�HUD�JUHX"$��1X��HUD�PDL�JUHX�VD�LHV�GLQ�VDF���ÌQWU�R�GLPLQHDWD�JHURDVD�GH�LDUQD��WDWDO�$OLQXWHL�R�GDGHD�SH�PLFXWD�FX�FDSXO�GH�ERUGXUD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��R�YHFLQD�FDUHQ�DYHD�FH�IDFH�9HFLQD��$YHWL�JULMD�VD�QX�vL�FDGD�IHVXO�GLQ�FDS�VL�VD�UDFHDVFD���7DWD��1X�YD�IDFHWL�SUREOHPH��L�DP�IL[DW�R�FX�GRXD�SLURDQH����7DWDO�R�EDWH�SH�$OLQXWD��'XSD�FH�D�WHUPLQDW�R�vQWUHDED�7��1D�DFXP�VWLL�GH�FH�WH�DP�EDWXW"$��$XDD�vQWkL�PD�EDWL�VL�GXSD�DFHHD�QLFL�PDFDU�QX�VWLL�GH�FH�DL�IDFXW�R��VSXVH�$OLQXWD�SULQWUH�ODFULPL���$OLQXWD��1X�YUHDX�VD�PDL�YLQD�EXQLFD�OD�QRL�7DWD��'H�FH"�'RDU�vWL�DGXFH�vQ�ILHFDUH�VHDUD�FkWH�XQ�SDKDU�FX�DSD�$��'D��GDU�QX�VL�VFRDWH�SURWH]D�GLQ�HO����$OLQXWD��0DPD��GH�FH�DYHP�QRL�DLFL�RWUDYD�GH�VRERODQL"�1RL�QX�DYHP�VRERODQL�vQ�FDVD�0DPD��1X�PDL�SXQH�DVWIHO�GH�vQWHEDUL��VL�GX�L�RGDWD�EXQLFLL�PDPDOLJXWD�FX�ODSWH����$OLQXWD��0DPDDD�PLH�QX�PL�SODFH�EXQLFD�0DPD��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD��/D�QRL�vQ�FDVD�PDQkQFL�FH�SULPHVWL����$OLQXWD��0DPDDD�PLH�QX�PL�SODFH�EXQLFD�0DPD��7DFL�VL�PkQFD�FkW�PDL�H�FDOGD����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��QX�PL�SODFH�GH�ORF�EXQLFD�0DPD��%LQH��ODV�R�vQ�IDUIXULH�VL�PDQkQFD�O�SH�EXQLFX����$OLQXWD��+DL��WDWLFXOH��ODVD�PD�VD�PD�MRF�FX�EXQLFD�7DWD��1X�VH�SRDWH�$OLQXWD�$��7H�URRRRRJ�7��%LQH��GDFD�LQVLVWL��GDU�VD�VWLL�FD�H�XOWLPD�RDUD�FkQG�R�GH]JURS����$OLQXWD�VH�MRDFD�FX�EXQLFD��0DPLFD��$OLQXWD��FkQG�WH�SOLFWLVHVWL�VD�WH�MRFL�FX�EXQLFD��VD�L�SXL�RDVHOH�OD�ORF�vQ�VLFULX����0DPD��$OLQXWD��GH�XQGH�DL�EDWHULLOH�DFHOHD"�vQWUHDED�PDPD�$OLQXWD��'H�OD�DSDUDWXO�FDUGLDF�DO�EXQLFXOXL�0��6L�FH�D�]LV�EXQLFXO"$��$$$5555*++++++��������222225555**++++++�����������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD�D�PXULW�EXQLFXWXO���VWULJD�$OLQXWD0DPD��/D�GUDFX��WRFPDL�DFXP�FkQG�PDL�DYHP�vQFD�MXPDWDWH�GLQ�EXQLFD�vQ�IULJLGHU����$OLQXWD��'H�FH�IXJH�WDWD�vQ�]LJ�]DJ��PDPD"0DPD��7DFL�VL�PDL�DGX�JORDQWH����$OLQXWD��0DPD��SRW�VD�L�WDL�R�XUHFKH�OXL�WDWD"0DPD��1X��PDL�ODVD�O�VD�PDL�ILDUED����PLQXWH����7DWD��$OLQXWD��ILL�GUDJXWD�VL�ID�L�R�EDLH�IUDWHOXL�WDX��'XSD�YUHR�MXPD�GH�RUD�WDWDO�LQWUD�vQ�EDLH���$OLQXWD�vO�WLQHD�GH�XUHFKL�SHIUDWLRUXO�VDX�VL�vO�WUDJHD�SULQ�DSD�7��$OLQXWD��PDL�SXQH�PkQD�VL�PDL�IUHDFD�O�VL�WX��$OLQXWD��&H�DL�vQQHEXQLW��YUHL�VD�PD�RSDUHVF�"

Page 315: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���$OLQXWD�FX�IUDWLRUX�VH�MXFDX�vQ�SDGXUH�GH�D�:LOOLDP�7HOO��)UDWLRUX�SXQH�XQ�PDU�SH�FDSXO�$OLQXWHL��VH�vQGHSDUWHD]D�FkWLYDPHWUL��RFKHVWH�VL�VDJHDWD�VH�vQILQJH�GLUHFW�vQ�RFKLXO�VWkQJ�DO�$OLQXWHL��)UDWLRUX�vL�VSXQH�)��,DUWD�PD��$OLQXWD��Q�DP�YUXW��9UHL�VD�QH�PDL�MXFDP"$OLQXWD��'D�3RYHVWHD�VH�UHSHWD�VL�IUDWLRUX�vL�VFRDWH�VL�FHODODW�RFKL��2�vQWUHDED�LDU�)��,DUWD�PD��$OLQXWD��Q�DP�YUXW��9UHL�VD�QH�PDL�MXFDP"$��'D��GDU�D�]LV�PDPD�FkQG�VH�vQWXQHFD�VD�PD�GXF�DFDVD����$OLQXWD�WkQMHD�OD�MXFDULD�DOWXL�FRSLO�$OLQXWD��'D�PL�R�VL�PLH�VD�PD�MRF�SXWLQ�&RSLOXO��1X�$��+DL�WH�URJ�IUXPRV�&��1X�$��'DFD�QX�PL�R�GDL�vWL�VFRW�XQ�RFKL�&��1X�YUHDX�$OLQXWD�vL�VFRDWH�XQ�RFKL�$��'DFD�QX�PL�R�GDL�VD�PD�MRF�WL�O�VFRW�VL�SH�FHODODOW�&��1X��1X��1X�$OLQXWD�vL�VFRDWH�VL�FHODODOW�RFKL�$��(L��DFXP�WH�DL�UD]JkQGLW"&��$FXP�QX�PDL�SRW��FD�PL�D�]LV�PDPD�VD�PD�GXF�DFDVD�FkQG�VH�IDFH�vQWXQHULF����$OLQXWD��0DPD��7DWD��9HQLWL�UHSHGH�FD�V�D�VSkQ]XUDW�IUDWL�PLX�LQ�JDUDM�9LQ�SDULQWLL�DODUPDWL�GDU�QX�YDG�QLPLF���0�7��&H�YUHL�WX�SURDVWR��QX�H�QLPLF�DLFL�$OLQXWD��3DFDOHDOD�GH���$SULOLH��V�D�VSkQ]XUDW�vQ�SRG����6HDUD�YLQH�$OLQXWD�OD�SDULQWL�vQ�VXIUDJHULH�$OLQXWD��7DWD�PDL�SULPHVF�vQFD�XQ�SDKDU�FX�DSD"7DWD��ÌQFD�XQ�SDKDU"�'DU�WL�DP�GDW�GHMD�VDVH�SkQD�DFXP�$��'D��GDU�SDWXWXO�PHX�DUGH�vQFD����$OLQXWD��R�IHWLWD�VLPSDWLFD��HOHYD�vQ�FODVD�D�GRXD��YLQH�DFDVD�GH�OD�VFRDOD��VL�VSUH�PDUHD�HL�VXUSUL]D�YHGH�XQ�HQRUP�EUDG�GH&UDFLXQ�vQ�PLMORFXO�VXIUDJHULHL�$OLQXWD��0DPLFR��FH�EUDG�IUXPRV����H�SHQWUX�PLQH"0DPD��3DL�SHQWUX�FLQH�VD�ILH�GUDJD��SHQWUX�WLQH��FkWL�FRSLL�DP�HX"��UDVSXQGH�PDPD�$��$X]L�PDPLFR��GD�GH�FH�EUDG�GH�&UDFLXQ�DFXP��FD�VXQWHP�GH�DELD�LQ�LXQLH"���0��3DL�FH�VD�IDFHP�GUDJD��FX�OHXFHPLD�WD�QX�VH�VWLH�QLFLRGDWD������$OLQXWD�VH�GXFH�OD�YUDMLWRDUHD�FHD�UHD�$OLQXWD��)D�PD�VL�SH�PLQH�R�OHEDGXWD���9UDMLWRDUHD��+DL�IHWLWR��Q�DL�FH�IDFH��HX�DP�WUHDED�DLFL���$�GRXD�]L�OD�IHO��D�WUHLD����'XSD�YUHR�VDSWDPkQD�YUDMLWRDUHD�H[DVSHUDWD�]LFH�9��%LQH��WH�IDF�OHEDGXWD��GD�GH�FH�YUHL�WX�QHDSDUDW�VD�ILL�R�OHEDGXWD"$��8LWH�DVDDD�����$OLQXWD�PHUJHD�SH�VWUDGD�IRDUWH�vQJkQGXUDWD�VL�PHVWHFkQG�FRQWLQXX��6H�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�R�SULHWHQD�FDUH�R�vQWUHDED�3ULHWHQD��&H�PHVWHFL"$OLQXWD��2�ODPD�3��2UELW�FXPYD"$��1X��*LOOHWH����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD�HX�FX�6LPRQD�QH�DP�MXFDW�GH�D�GRFWRUXO�0DPD��(L�VL�DVWD�QX�H�GHORF�UDX�$��'D��GDU�QX�VWLX�FXP�VH�FRDVH�EXUWD�GXSD�RSHUDWLH�OD�ORF����$OLQXWD�PHUJHD�SH�VWUDGD�FX�GRXD�IXUFXOLWH�vQ�PkLQL�VL�VWULJD�$��&LQH�YUHD�VD�VH�XLWH�LQ�ELQRFOX"�*UDWLV��6DWLVIDFWLH�JDUDQWDWD�8Q�WUHFDWRU�QDLY�VH�RIHUD��$OLQXWD�vL�EDJD�IXUFXOLWHOH�Q�RFKL��7UHFDWRUXO�vQFHSH�VD�VWULJH�7��+HL��GDU�QX�YDG�QLPLF��0�DL�SDFDOLW�$OLQXWD�vQYkUWH�IXUFXOLWHOH�VL�vO�OLQLVWHVWH�$��6WDL��FD�vQFD�QX�O�DP�UHJODW�

Page 316: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���3DULQWLL�$OLQXWHL�VH�XLWD�OD�WHOHYL]RU�$OLQXWD�WUHFH�SULQ�IDWD�WHOHYL]RUXOXL�'XSD�XQ�WLPS�LDU�WUHFH�SULQ�IDWD�WHOHYL]RUXOXL��'XSD�YUHR���PLQXWH�GH�SHUHJULQDUL�SULQ�IDWD�WHOHYL]RUXOXL��WDWDO�VH�HQHUYHD]D�VL]LFH�7��'DFD�PDL�WUHFH�R�GDWD�SULQ�IDWD�WHOHYL]RUXOXL�HX�LDX�OD�EDWDLH�0��7DFL�EDUEDWH��QX�YH]L�FD�L�VSkQ]XUDWD"���9DULDQWD0DPD��$OLQXWD��QX�WH�PDL�SOLPED�SULQ�IDWD�WHOHYL]RUXOXL��6L�VFRDWH�WL�RGDWD�ODWXO�DOD�GH�OD�JkW����$��0DPD��PDPD�SRW�VD�PD�MRF�FX�EXQLFXWXO"0��1LFL�YRUED��$VWD]L�VLFULXO�UDPkQH�vQFKLV����$��0DPD��PDPD�EXQLFXO�FLRFDQHVWH�0��/DVD�O�VD�FLRFDQHDVFD�$��0DPD�EXQLFXWXO�FLRFDQHVWH�vQFD�0��/DVD�O�VD�FLRFDQHDVFD�$��0DPD�EXQLFXWXO�QX�PDL�FLRFDQHVWH�0��%LQH�DWXQFL�PHUJL�VL�RSUHVWH�URELQHWXO�GH�JD]����$��0DPD�FkQG�DYHP�GLQ�QRX�EXGLQFD�GH�YDQLOLH"0��0DL�WUHEXLH�VD�DVWHSWDP�SkQD�JHQXQFKLXO�EXQLFXWHL�SXURLD]D�GLQ�QRX����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��IUDWLRUXO�URDGH�XQJKLOH�EXQLFXWHL�0DPD��6SXQHL�VD�VH�JUDEHDVFD��&XUkQG�YRP�vQFKLGH�VLFULXO������7DWD��$OLQXWD�VFRDWH�GHJHWHOH�GLQ�QDVXO�EXQLFXOXL�$OLQXWD��������7��$OLQXWD�VFRDWH�GHJHWHOH�GLQ�QDVXO�EXQLFXOXL�$��������7��$OLQXWD�VFRDWH�GHJHWHOH�GLQ�QDVXO�EXQLFXOXL�VD�vQFKLGHP�FDSDFXO�OD�VLFULX�������7DWD�YLQH�FX�XQ VLFULX�DFDVD�$OLQXWD�VXSDUDWD��,DU�PkQFDP�FRQVHUYH"���$��0DPD��PDPD��QX�PL�SODFH�VXSD�URVLH�0��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD��VXSD�URVLH�DYHP�GRDU�RGDWD�SH�OXQD����$��0DPD��PDPD��PD�PDL�SRW�OHJDQD�FX�EXQLFXO"0��1X��HO�UDPkQH�DVD�DWkUQDW�SkQD�YLQH�SROLWLD����$�0DPD��0DPD�YUHDX�VD�VDU�LDU�FRDUGD��vPL�YUHDX�FRDUGD�vQDSRL�0��)LL�FXPLQWH�VL�WDFL��7DWD�UDPkQH�DVD�DWkUQDW�SkQD�YLQH�SROLWLD����$��0DPD��PDPD��RXO�PHX�ILHUW�H�UDX�OD�JXVW�0��6WDL�FXPLQWH�VL�PDQkQFD�PDL�GHSDUWH�$��0DPD��PDPD��RXO�PHX�WDUH�UDX�OD�JXVW�0��6WDL�FXPLQWH�VL�PDQkQFD�PDL�GHSDUWH�$��%LQH��DP�PkQFDW�WRW�GDU�WUHEXLH�VD�PDQkQF�VL�FLRFXOHWXO�DFXPD"���$��0DPD��PDPD��FkQG�DYHP�GLQ�QRX�OD�PDVD�GLQ�PDFDURDQHOH�YHU]L"0��$]L�QX��EXQLFD�QX�PDL�DUH�YDULFH����$��0DPD��PDPD��FH�VXQW�EXFDWLOH�DVWHD�PDUL�vQ�VXSD"0��6WDL�FXPLQWH�VL�PDQkQFD��FUH]L�FD�WDWD�YRPLWD�SULQ�VWUHFXUDWRDUH����$��0DPD��PDPD��QX�PDL�YUHDX�KDPEXUJHU�0��6WDL�FXPLQWH�FD�DOWIHO�EDJDP�VL�FHODODOW�EUDW�DO�WDX�vQ�PDVLQD�GH�PDFLQDW�FDUQH����7�$OLQXWD�QX�O�PDL�OHJDQD�SH�IUDWH�WDX�FD�WH�VSkQ]XU�VL�SH�WLQH��������&H�L�PLF��URVX�VL�EDWH�Q�JHDP"

Page 317: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�$OLQXWD�FHD�VDGLFD�vQWU�XQ�FXSWRU�FX�PLFURXQGH����0DPD�L�D�FXPSDUDW�$OLQXWHL�R�ELFLFOHWD�VL�D�WULPLV�R�VD�PHDUJD�SULQ�FXUWH�3HVWH�XQ�WLPS�$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD���8LWH��HX�PHUJ�IDUD�SLFLRDUH�VL�FX�RFKLL�vQFKLVL�3HVWH�XQ�WLPS��0DPD��PDPD��8LWH��HX�PHUJ�IDUD�PkLQL�,DUDVL�SHVWH�XQ�WLPS��0DPD��PDPD��8LWH��HX�PHUJ�IDUD�GLQWL����$��0DPD��PDPD��PDL�SRW�SULPL�SXWLQ�GLQ�VXFXO�URVX"0��$FXPD�QX��FKLDU�DWkW�GH�PXOW�QX�SRDWH�WXVL�EXQLFXO����$��0DPD��PDPD��PDL�SULPHVF�XQ�MHOHX"0��1X��EXQLFD�QX�DUH�GHFkW�GRL�RFKL����$OLQXWD��0DPD��DP�RERVLW��PDL�H�PXOW�SDQD�OD�EXQLFXWD�"0DPD��7DFL�VL�VDSD����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��&RSLL�GH�OD�JUDGLQLWD�VSXQ�FD�DP�GLQWLL�SUHD�PDUL��(�DGHYDUDW"0DPD��1X��IHWLWD�PHD��'D�vQFKLGH�JXUD�FD�]JkULL�SRGHDXD������$OLQXWD��%XQLFR��SRW�VD�PD�MRF�FX�WkWHOH�WDOH"%XQLFD��%LQH��GD�VD�QX�LHVL�GLQ�FXUWH����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��FRSLLL�vPL�]LF�FD�VXQW�XQ�GUDJRQ�FX�WUHL�FDSHWH���0DPD��(L�ODVD���OLQLVWHVWH�WH�WUHL�FDSHWH�VXQW�PDL�EXQH�GHFkW�XQX����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��FRSLL�VSXQ�FD�VXQW�XQ�PRQVWUX�0DPD��1X�FRSLOXO�PHX�QX�H�DGHYDUDW��ÌQFKLGH�FHL�WUHL�RFKLVRUL�VL�GRUPL������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��WDWD�D�YRPLWDW�0DPD��*UDEHVWH�WH�VL�DGX�R�OLQJXUD��SkQD�QX�WHUPLQD�VRUD�WD����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD���SRW�VD�PD�MRF�vQ�FXWLD�FX�QLVLS"0DPD��1X��SkQD�QX�JDVHVF�HX�DOW�ORF�XQGH�VD�R�vQJURS����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��QX�YUHDX�VD�YDG�FDVFDGD�1LDJDUD�0DPD��7DFL�VL�LQWUD�vQ�EXWRL����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��P�DP�VDWXUDW�VD�vQYDW�VD�vQRW�0DPD��7DFL��FD�GDFD�QX�WUDJ�DSD�GLQ�QRX����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��FkQG�R�VD�ILH�JDWD�SLVFLQD"0DPD��7DFL�VL�VFXLSD����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��SRWL�VD�vPL�GDL�R�SUDMLWXUD"0DPD��,D�R�GH�SH�UDIWXO�GH�VXV��GLQ�GXODS�$��0DPD��GDU�Q�DP�PkLQL�0��(K��GDFD�Q�DL�PkLQL��QX�SULPHVWL�SUDMLWXUL����0DPD��$OLQXWD��IL�FXPLQWH�VL�vQWRDUFH�WH�vQ�FDVD�$OLQXWD��1X�0��$OLQXWD��KDL�WH�URDJD�PDPD�����XUFD�FHOH���HWDMH�VL�YLQR�vQ�FDVD�$��1X�PDPD��FD�LDU�R�VD�PD�DUXQFL�SH�JHDP�������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD���FH�R�VD�ILX�HX�FDQG�R�VD�ILX�PDUH"0DPD����QLPLF�$��'H�FH"0��3DL�DL�6,'$����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD�DP�XQ���OD�PDWHPDWLFD�0DPD��1X�L�QLPLF�WX�DL�VL�OHXFHPLH���

Page 318: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���$OLQXWD�YLQH�GH�OD�VFRDOD�$OLQXWD��0DPD��*LJHO�DUH�XQ�FHDV�FX�FURQRPHWUX���0DPD��/DVD��ODVD��FD�FH�DL�WX�Q�DUH�QLPHQL$OLQXWD��'D��VL�,RQHO�DUH�EUHORF�FX����PHORGLL���0DPD��/DVD��ODVD��FD�FH�DL�WX�Q�DUH�QLPHQL$OLQXWD��'D��VL�0DUFHO�DUH�MRFXUL�HOHFWURQLFH���0DPD��/DVD��ODVD��FD�FH�DL�WX�Q�DUH�QLPHQL$OLQXWD��'D�FH�DP�HX�PD�PDPD"0DPD��6,'$��IDWD�PHD��6,'$����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��XQGH�H�KDPVWHUXO�PHX"0DPD��0RXXXOLLLQH[[[����0DPD��$OLQXWD��QX�PDL�VDUL�vQWU�XQ�SLFLRU�vQ�IDW]D�WHOHYL]LRUXOXL�$OLQXWD��/D���OD���OD���OD����0��$OLQXWD�QX�PDL�VDUL�vQWU�XQ�SLFLRU�vQ�IDWD�WHOHYL]RUXOXL�$��/D��OD���OD���OD���OD���OD����0��$OLQXWD��VD�VWLL�FD�GDFD�PDL�VDUL��vWL�WDL�VL�FHODODOW�SLFLRU����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��vQ�DFYDULXO�QRVWUX�FX�SLUDQDV�vQRDWD�XQ�VFKHOHW�$��0DPD����0DPD����0$$$$$$$$000$�����������$OLQXWD�FX�IUDWHOH�HL�VH�MRDFD�FX�SXVFD�GH�YkQDWRDUH�D�EXQLFXOXL�)UDWHOH�$OLQXWHL�VH�XLWD�SH�WHDYD�VL�HD�GLQ�JUHVHDOD�DSDVD�SH�WUDJDFL��&kQG�vVL�UHYLQH�GLQ�VRF�VSXQH��+DL�QX�WH�PDL�XLWD�FX�RFKLL�DVD�KROEDWL��6L�HX�P�DP�VSHULDW�������$OLQXWD��0DPD�/D�XVD�H�XQ�QHQHD�FDUH�VWUkQJH�GRQDWLL�SHQWUX�D]LOXO�GH�EDWUkQL�0DPD��%LQH�GDL�O�SH�EXQLFXO����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��XQGH�L�$IULFD"0DPD��7DFL�VL�LQWUD�vQ�SDFKHWXO�FX�DMXWRDUH������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��GH�FH�vPL�VSXQ�FRSLL�OD�VFRDOD�FD�VXQW�HSLOHSWLFD"0DPD��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD�VL�VFRDWH�WL�SLFLRDUHOH�GLQ�EX]XQDUH������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��WDWD�DOHDUJD�SH�VWUDGD�0DPD��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD�VL�FDOFD�SH�DFFHOHUDWLH�������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��WDWD�D�FD]XW�vQ�IRFXO�GH�WDEDUD�0DPD��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD�VL�DGX�FDQLVWUD�GH�EHQ]LQD�������0DPD��9LQR�VXV�OD�HWDM��FD�R�IHWLWD�FXPLQWH�FH�HVWL�$OLQXWD��1X��PDPD�FD�WX�PD�DUXQFL�LDUDVL�MRV�������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��FH�DYHP�D]L�OD�FLQD"0DPD��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD�VL�LQWUD�vQ�FXSWRU�������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��FkQG�YLQH�PDWXVD�*HRUJHWD�OD�FLQD"0DPD��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD��QX�DP�WHUPLQDW�R�vQFD�SH�EXQLFD������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��SRW�VD�PL�FXPSDU�R�URFKLWD�QRXD"0DPD��'D��GDU�VWL�FD�QX�R�SRWL�vPEUDFD�SHVWH�SODPkQXO�DULILFLDO������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��FKLSVXULOH�DX�JXVW�UDX�0DPD��$L�SXWLQ�UHVSHFW��PL�D�OXDW�PXOW�WLPS�VD�FRMHVF�EXEHOH������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��FH�DL�IDFXW�FX�FUXVWD�GH�OD�UDQLOH�WDOH"0DPD��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD��VL�PDQkQFD�IXOJLL�GH�SRUXPE������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��QX�PL�SODFH�EXQLFXO�0DPD��%LQH�GD�O�OD�R�SDUWH�VL�PDQkQFD�IDVROHD���

Page 319: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��vPL�SODFH�IUDWLRUXO�DVD�GH�PXOW�0DPD��%LQH��PDL�SULPHVWL�DWXQFL�R�SRUWLH����$OLQXWD��7DWD��WDWD��QX�PL�SODFH�OD�SHVFXLW�7DWD��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD�VL�QX�WH�PDL�]EDWH�������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��SRDWH�IUDWLRUXO�VD�MRDFH�EDVFKHW�FX�QRL"0DPD��$OLQXWD��WX�VWL�FD�IUDWLRUXO�WDX�QX�DUH�PkLQL�VL�SLFLRDUH�$��'D�VWLX��'DU�YURLDP�FD�HO�VD�ILH�MXFDWRUXO�GH�UH]HUYD������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��SRW�VD�PD�VSDO�SH�GLQWL"0DPD��'D��GX�WH�VL�DGX�ERUFDQXO�������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��GH�FH�vPSLQJHP�PDVLQD�vQ�SUDSDVWLH"0DPD��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD��DOWIHO�VH�WUH]HVWH�WDWD������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��vQYDWDWRDUHD�VSXQH�FD�DP�XQ�FDS�SUHD�PDUH�0DPD��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD�VL�DGX�WL�SDODULRDUD�GLQ�JDUDM�FD�WDWD�VD�SRDWD�JDUD�PDVLQD�������9DULDQWD�$OLQXWD�YLQH�SOkQJkQG�GH�OD�VFRDOD�VL�L�]LFH�PDPHL�$OLQXWD��0DPL��FRSLL�vVL�EDW�MRF�GH�PLQH�FD�DP�FDSXO�PDUH�0DPD��1X�L�EDJD�vQ�VHDPD�IHWLWD�PDPHL��PDL�ELQH�LD�WL�VDSFD�VL�GX�WH�vQ�SLDWD�VD�FXPSHUL���.J�GH�FDUWRIL����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��QX�YUHDX�VD�JROHVF�JXQRLXO�0DPD��7DFL�VL�vQJKLWH�������$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��SRW�VD�OLQJ�FDVWURQXO"0DPD��3UHD�WkU]LX��$OLQXWD��GHMD�O�DP�OLPSH]LW������0DPD�$OLQXWD�QX�WH�PDL�OHJDQD�SH�SLFLRDUHOH�EXQLFXOXL�$OLQXWD�3DL�GH�FH"0�3DL�VL�DVD�L�PRUW�GH�R�RUD����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��QX�PDL�YUHDX�VD�vQJKLW�YRPLWDWLY�0DPD��7DFL�GLQ�JXUD��$OLQXWD��&kLQHOXL�vL�H�VL�OXL�IRDPH����,HVH�vQWU�R�]L�GH�LDUQD�VL�$OLQXWD�FX�VDQLXWD�OD�GHUGHOXV���8UFD�HD�GHDOXO�FX�JUHX�VL�FRERDUD���$MXQJH�MRV�R�FDOFD�R�PDVLQD����1X�PD�GXF�vQ�FDVD��FD�GDFD�PD�GXF��PD�RSUHVWH�vQDXQWUX������6L�PDL�XUFD�R�GDWD��WRW�FX�JUHX���VL�FRERDUD�R�FDOFD�XQ�FDPLRQ���/D�IHO��1X�PD�GXF�vQ�FDVD�FD�GDFD�PD�GXF�PD�RSUHVWH�����6L�PDL�XUFD�R�GDWD�VL�FRERDUD��UDQLWD��IDUD�PkLQL��VFKLRSDWkQG��HWF���HWF��HWF�R�FDOFD�FRPSUHVRUXO�VL�R�IDFH�IRLWD�GH�KkUWLH���2LDX�FRSLLL�FX�GRXD�GHJHWH�SH�VXV�VL�R�GXF�OD�XVD�OD�PDLFD�VD����'LQJ�'RRQJ���0DLFD�VD�UDVSXQGH�OD�XVD�FX�ODQWXO�SXV��&H�PDL�YUHWL�QDULSD�YRDVWUD�GH�SXUDGHL���$VWLD�VILRVL��3DL��Y�DP�DGXV�R�SH�$OLQXWD��F�D�FDOFDW�R�FRPSUHVRUX���'HVFKLGHWL�VD�Y�R�GDP��1DK��QDK��QDK���EDJDWL�R�SH�VXE�XVD����$OLQXWD��0DPD��FH�FXORDUH�DX�RFKLL�OXL�EXQLFXO"0DPD��$OEDVWUD��GDU�D�FDP�LHVLW�OD�VSDODW����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��WDWD�DUH�FHYD�vQ�RFKL�0DPD��/DVD��PDQkQFD�VL�WX�UHVWXO������$OLQXWD��7DWL�DP�vQJKLWLW�XQ�VRDUHFH�FH�VD�IDF"7DWD��'X�WH�OD�PDLFD�WD�VD�WL�GHD�VD�vQJKLWL�VL�SLVLFD����/D�PDUH�0DPD��$OLQXWD�QX�PDL�IDFH�SODMD�vQ�PDUH����YH]L��GDFD�DL�VWDW�DWkWD�vQ�DSD��WH�DL�XPIODW����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��EXQLFXWXO�H�SH�WHUPLQDWH�

Page 320: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

0DPD��$WXQFL�PDL�SXQH�SH�HO�QLVWH�EHQ]LQD�������0DPD�$OLQXWHL�LQWUD�vQ�EXFDWDULH�VL�vQFHSH�VD�VWULJH�OD�$OLQXWD�0��'H�FkWH�RUL�WL�DP�VSXV�VD�QX�WL�PDL�WDL�XQJKLLOH�vQ�EXFDWDULH"�8LWH�FkWH�GHJHWH�DL�IDFXW�SH�PDVD�����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD��WDWD�PL�D�RWUDYLW�SLVLFD�0DPD��/DVD�GUDJD��SRDWH�FD�D�IRVW�QHYRLW�VD�R�IDFD���$��1X��Q�D�IRVW���VL�GRDU�D�SURPLV�FD�PD�ODVD�SH�PLQH�������$OLQXWD�VWULJD�OD�PDPD�VD��0DPD��PDPD��GH�FH�PRU�PHPEULL�IDPLOLHL�QRDVWUH�SH�QHDVWHSWDWH"�0DPD��PDPD"�0DPD��PDPD"��0DDDDDPD��������0DPD�$OLQXWHL�VXQD�OD�XUJHQWH��9HQLWL�UHSHGH�FD�$OLQXWD�D�vQJKLWLW�FUHLRQXO�9LQH�XUJHQWD�LPHGLDW�OD�FDUH�PDPD��1X�YD�PDL�GHUDQMDWL���DP�JDVLW�DOWXO�����/D�EORF��FRSLLL�VWULJDX�OD�PDPD�$OLQXWHL��7DQWL��R�ODVDWL�SH�$OLQXWD�OD�IRWEDO"�'D�FRSLL��GD�$OLQXWD�QX�DUH�SLFLRDUH����7DQWL��R�ODVDWL�SH�$OLQXWD�OD�IRWEDO"�'D�FRSLL��GD�$OLQXWD�QX�DUH�PkLQL����7DQWL��R�ODVDWL�SH�$OLQXWD�OD�IRWEDO"�'D�FRSLL��GD�$OLQXWD�QX�DUH�GHFkW�FDS��1X�L�QLFL�R�SUREOHPD��$OLQXWD�VDUH�DVD�GH�ELQH�������$OLQXWD�0DPD��PDPD��$LFL�PLURDVH�D�KRLW���$�0DPD��$�0DPDDDDDDDD������������3ULHWHQXO�$OLQXWHL�R�SLSDLD��$OLQXWD��GH�FH�HVWL�DVD�GH�ILHUELQWH"�����$OLQXWD��GH�FH�HVWL�DVD�GH�ILHUELQWH"�����$OLQXWD��GH�FH�HVWL�DVD�GH�ILHUELQWH"����0DPLFD��/DV�R�GUDJD��QX�YH]L�FD�H�vQ�FXSWRU"����$OLQXWD��0DPD�PDPD�QX�PL�D�PDL�LHVLW�QLFL�XQ�FRV�SH�IDWD�0DPD�&H�IUXPRV��$OLQXWD��'DU�GH�FH"$�1X�PDL�DP�QLFL�XQ�SLF�GH�ORF�����$OLQXWD��0DPD��PDPD�H�DVD�ILHUELQWH�vQ�FXSWRU��$V�LHVL�DIDUD�0DPD��$L�vQHEXQLW"��9UHL�VD�LD�IRF�WRDWD�FDVD"�������$OLQXWD�YLQH�OD�EXQLFXO�VL�L�]LFH��%XQLFXWXOH��SRYHVWHVWH�PL�GHVSUH�&HUQREvO�/D�FDUH�EXQLFXWXO��$OLQXWD��$OLQXWD��HVWH�WDUH�PXOW�GH�DWXQFL���VL�R�PkQJkLH�SH�$OLQXWD�SH�FDS����DSRL�SH�FHODODOW�������'RL�SULHWHQL�PHUJHDX�SH�VWUDGD��XQX�]LFH��%D�GD�EXQD�H�$OLQXWD��6RUD�WD�ED��0D�EXFXU�FD�WL�SODFH��0DL�YUHL�R�IHOLH"�������$OLQXWD�H�IXJDULWD�GH�XQ�FkLQH�WXUEDW�FDUH�R�WRW�PXVFD�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VH�RSUHVWH��VL�vQWRDUFH�OD�HO�VL�]LFH��$FXP�H�UkQGXO�PHX����

Page 321: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

%DQFXUL�FX�EHEHOXVL���&H�H�URVX�VL�VWD�vQ�FROW"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�FDUH�OLQJH�R�ODPD�GH�UDV����&H�H�URVX�YHU]XL�VL�VWD�vQ�FROW"5�$FHODVL�EHEHOXV��WUHL�VDSWDPkQL�PDL�WkU]LX������&H�IXJH�PHUHX�vQVSUH�SHUHWH�VL�VWULJD�FkQG�VH�ORYHVWH�GH�DFHVWD"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�FX�R�IXUFXOLWD�vQ�RFKL������&H�H�PDL�KD]OLX�GHFkW�XQ�EHEHOXV�PRUW"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�PRUW�vQ�FRVWXP�GH�FORZQ����&H�IDFH�IOHRVF�IOHRVF�VL�DSRL�VIkkUUU�VIkkUUU"5�'RL�EHEHOXVL�JHPHQL�vQ�EDLD�GH�DFLG�VXOIXULF����&H�H�PLF��URVX�VL�QX�DUH�ORF�vQ�FDUXFLRU"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�FX�R�VDJHDWD�vQILSWD�vQ�FDS����&H�H�UR]DOLX�VL�VWD�vQ�FROW"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�FDUH�VH�MRDFD�FX�R�SXQJD�GH�SODVWLF����&H�H�YkQDW�VL�VWD�OLQLVWLW�vQ�FROW"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�FDUH�QX�VH�PDL�MRDFD�FX�R�SXQJD�GH�SODVWLF����&H�H�QHJUX�VL�VWD�vQ�FROW"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�FX�GHJHWXO�vQ�SUL]D�������&H�H�YHUGH�VL�VH�vQYkUWHVWH�FX������URWDWLL�PLQ"5�2�EURDVFD�vQ�PL[HU�������&H�H�URVX�VL�VH�vQYkUWHVWH�FX������URWDWLL�PLQ"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�FDUH�D�YUXW�VD�SULQGD�EURDVFD�������&H�QHJUX�VL�VH�URWHVWH�vQFHWLVRU"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�OD�URWLVRU�������&H�H�JDOEHQ�YkQDW�VL�VWD�SH�IXQGXO�SLVFLQHL"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�FX�FRODFXO�GHVXPIODW�������&H�DUH�SDWUX�URWL��IXPHJD�VL�VWULJD"5�8Q�DXWREX]�FX�EHEHOXVL�FDUH�DUGH�������&DUH�H�FHO�PDL�EXQ�EDE\VLWWHU�FDUH�vO�SRWL�DYHD"5�8Q�SLWEXOO�������&H�DU�IL�SXWXW�VFKLPED�PDVLY�FXUVXO�LVWRULHL"5�3LWEXOO�XO�GLQ�%HWKOHHP�������&XP�IDFL�XQ�EHEHOXV�VD�UkJkLH"5�&LRFDQHVWL�SLWEXOO�XO�SH�VWRPDF�������'H�FH�H�DVD�GH�JUHX�VD�FUHVWL�SLWEXOOL"5�6D�OH�SURFXUL�PkQFDUH�GXUHD]D���OXQL�������&XP�VH�GHILQHVWH�UD]EXQDUHD"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�FX�XQ�SLWEXOO�vQ�GLQWL�������&H�H�SHQWUX�XQ�SLWEXOO��XQ�EHEHOXV�vQ�FDUXFLRU"5�0LF�GHMXQ�OD�SDW���

Page 322: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����&H�VH�GHSODVHD]D�SH�RUL]RQWDOD�FX�����NP�K�PLVFkQGX�VH�WRWRGDWD�vQ�VXV�VL�vQ�MRV�SH�YHUWLFDOD"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�OHJDW�GH�XQ�FDPLRQ�������&XP�VFRWL�XQ�EHEHOXV�GLQ�RDOD�GH�VXSD"5�&X�SRORQLFXO�������&XP�VFRWL�XQ�EHEHOXV�GLQ�FHDLQLF"5�&X�SDLXO�������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�DYRUWRQ�VL�QLVLS"5�1LVLSXO�QX�SRDWH�IL�PkQFDW�������&H�HVWH�%DE\ORQ"5�&KHVWLD�FDUH�R�VSUH\H]L�SH�EHEHOXVL�vQDLQWH�GH�D�L�FDOFD�������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�FDPLRQ�vQFDUFDW�FX�EHEHOXVL�VL�XQ�FDPLRQ�vQFDUFDW�FX�FDUDPL]L"5�&DUDPL]LOH�QX�OH�SRWL�GHVFDUFD�FX�IXUFD�������&H�H�PLF�VL�URVX�VL�VWD�OD�FROW"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�FDUH�VH�VFDUSLQD�FX�FXWLWXO�GH�FXUDWDW�FDUWRIL��������&H�HVWH�PDL�KD]OLX�GHFkW�VD�vQYkUWL�XQ�EHEHOXV�WLQkQGXO�GH�KDLQH"5�6D�O�RSUHVWL�GLQ�URWDWLH�FX�R�EkWD�GH�EDVHEDOO�������&H�H�JRO�SXVFD�VL�VWD�vQWU�XQ�ERUFDQ"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�vQ�IRUPRO�������&H�H�URVX��VDUDW�VL�XUOD"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�MXSXLW�GH�SLHOH�OD�VDUDPXUD�������&H�XUOD�VL�VH�vQYkUWHVWH�FX�����NP�K"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�vQ�YHQWLODWRU�������&H�H�PDL�KD]OLX�GHFkW�XQ�YDJRQ�GH�EHEHOXVL�PRUWL"5�8Q�YDJRQ�FX�EHEHOXVL�PRUWL�FX�XQXO�FDUH�PDL�WUDLHVWH�VL�vQFHDUFD�VD�LHVH�OD�VXSUDIDWD�������'H�FH�WUHFH�XQ�EHEHOXV�VWUDGD"5�$�IRVW�FDWHJRULVLW�OD�SXL�������&H�H�QHJUX�VL�VDOWD�XVRU"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�vQ�WLJDLH�������&H�H�PDL�KD]OLX�GHFkW�XQ�EHEHOXV�FUDSDW"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�FUDSDW�vQ�GRXD�������&XP�VH�QXPHVF�GRL�EHEHOXVL�DYRUWDWL�vQWU�R�JDOHDWD"5�%ORRG�%URWKHUV�������&H�H�UXPHQ�VL�VDUH�vQ�VXV�GXSD�GRXD�PLQXWH"5�8Q�EHEHOXV�vQ�SUDMLWRUXO�GH�SkLQH�������&H�H�PDL�KD]OLX�GHFkW�VD�IL[H]L�XQ�EHEHOXV�vQ�FXLH�GH�SHUHWH"5�6D�O�FDXWL��vQDLQWH��VL�SH�IUDWLRUXO�VDX�PDL�PLF�������'H�FH�QX�V�D�PDL�SXWXW�URWL�EHEHOXVXO�vQ�MXUXO�VWkOSXOXL"5�6�D�WHUPLQDW�OHVD�������&H�H�PLF��QHJUX�VL�]JkUkLH�JHDPXO"5�8Q�EHEH�vQ�FXSWRUXO�FX�PLFURXQGH

Page 323: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

%DQFXUL�FX�OHSURVL��Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�OHSURV�SH�DFRSHULVXO�FDVHL"5��3H�DULSLOH�YkQWXOXL������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�OHSURV�vQ�DSD�WHUPDOD"5�6XSD�����Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�OHSURV�vQ�FDGD�GH�EDLH"5�&LRUED�GH�FDUQH�����Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�XQ�OHSURV�vQ�FDGD�GH�EDLH"5�7DEOHWD�VROXELOD�����Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVW�XQ�OHSURV�vQ�FDGD�GH�EDLH�GXSD�FH�D�UDPDV�QXPDL�RDVH"5�&DOFLX�HIHUYHVFHQW�����Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVW�XQ�OHSURV�vQ�FDGD�GH�EDLH�GXSD�FH�QX�D�PDL�UDPDV�QLPLF�GLQ�HO"5�0DPDOLJD�����Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�XQ�OHSURV�D�IDFXW�EDLH�vQ�FDGD�WD"5�%XFDWD�WD�GH�VDSXQ�H�PDL�PDUH�����Ì�'H�FH�L�D�IRVW�OXDW�XQXL�OHSURV�SHUPLVXO�GH�FRQGXFHUH"5�6L�D�XLWDW�SLFLRUXO�SH�SHGDOD�GH�DFFHOHUDWLH�����Ì�&H�L�]LFH�OHSURVXO�XQHL�SURVWLWXDWH"5�3DVWUHD]D�UHVWXO������Ì�'H�FH�D�vQFKLV�ERUGHOXO�GLQ�FRORQLD�GH�OHSURVL"5�%DFVLVXULOH�DX�IRVW�SUHD�PLFL������Ì�&H�IDFH�XQ�OHSURV�FkQG�YHGH�R�IHPHLH�IUXPRDVD"5�$UXQFD�VL�HO�XQ�RFKL�SH�HD������Ì�/D�FDUH�VSRUW�DWOHWLF�QX�HVWH�UHFRPDQGDW�OHSURVLORU�VD�SDUWLFLSH��GLQ�PRWLYH�GH�VDQDWDWH"5�$UXQFDUHD�JUHXWDWLL������Ì�'H�FH�LD�EDWDLH�OHSURVXO�vQ�VDOD�GH�ERZOLQJ"5�1X�D�YUXW�VD�VL�VFRDWD�GHJHWHOH�GLQ�ELOD�������Ì�&kQG�LHVH�XQ�OHSURV�GLQ�MRFXO�GH�SRNHU"5�&kQG�FHLODOWL�L�DX�OXDW�WRDWD�PkQD������Ì�&XP�FHUL�R�OHSURDVD�GH�QHYDVWD"5�ÌL�FHUL�PkQD�SDULQWLORU�HL������Ì�&XP�VH�IDFH�FD�OHSURVXO�QX�PDL�SRDWH�YRUEL"5�3LVLFD�L�D�IXUDW�OLPED������Ì�&H�SRWL�OXD�GDFD�VFDUSLQL�XQ�OHSURV"5�2�EXFDWD�GH�VSDWH������Ì�&H�H�XQ�OHSURV�FX�SDUXO�FDUXQW"5�2�SDSDGLH������Ì�&DUH�H�0RWWR�XO�XQXL�VDULWRU�OD�vQDOWLPH�OHSURV�5��1XPDL�VD�QX�WL�SLHU]L�FDSXO������Ì�&XP�VH�VDOXWD�GRL�OHSURVL"5�&H�YkQW�WH�DGXFH�S�DLFL"���

Page 324: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���8Q�OHSURV�VL�XQ�EkOEkLW��FROHJL�GH�FHOXOD��/HSURVXOXL�vL�FDGH�XQ�GHJHW���ÌO�LD�VL�vO�DUXQFD�SH�IHUHDVWUD��'XSD�FkWHYD�PLQXWH�vLPDL�FDGH�XQ�GHJHW����vO�DUXQFD�SH�IHUHDVWUD��'XSD�DOWH�FkWHYD�PLQXWH�vL�PDL�FDGH�XQ�GHJHW����vO�DUXQFD�SH�IHUHDVWUD��%DDD���EDDDD����WXX����WXXXX����DL�DDDDLLL����vvv����QQQ����FH���FH����FHH����SSSS����XXXX����WWWWW�VD����VD���HHH����HH����YDDDDD����GHGHGH���]L������9DULDQWD�8Q�DUGHOHDQ�VL�XQ�OHSURV�VWDX�vQ�vQFKLVRDUH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��OHSURVXOXL�vL�FDGH�R�XUHFKH����R�LD�VL�R�DUXQFD�SH�JHDP��'XSDXQ�WLPS��OHSURVXOXL�vL�FDGH�QDVXO����vO�LD�VL�vO�DUXQFD�SH�JHDP��'XSD�XQ�WLPS��OHSURVXOXL�vL�FDGH�XQ�GHJHW����vO�LD�VL�vO�DUXQFD�SHJHDP����$UGHOHDQXO�QX�PDL�VXSRUWD��1R��GXSD�FXP�EDJ�GH�VDPD��PQHDWD�YUHL�VD�HYDGH]L����8QXO��vQ�EDQL��DJDWD�VL�HO�R�SLSLWD�VL�R�GXFH�OD�FDPHUD��6H�GH]EUDFD�DPkQGRL��vQFHSH�VD�R�PkQJkLH�VL�UDPDQH�FX�XQ�VkQ�vQPkQD��IHPHLD�ILLQG�OHSURDVD��5DOL]kQG�WRDWD�WUDJHGLD�VL�JkQGLQGX�VH���*DWD��P�DP�PROLSVLW�GH�OHSUD���VDUH�vQ�VXV�GH�JURD]D�VLVH�FDWDUD�SH�VLIRQLHU��)HPHLD��FXP�HUD�H[FLWDWD��vO�vPELH��&H�IDFL��WH�KRWDUDVWL�VD�FRERUL�VDX�WL�R�DUXQF�DFROR�VXV"������ÌQWU�R�GLVFRWHFD�XQ�WLS�DJDWD�R�JDJLFD�VL�SOHDFD�FX�HD�DFDVD�6L�R�WUDJ�HL�SXWHUQLF�WRDWD�QRDSWHD�vQ�WRDWH�SR]LWLLOH�'LPLQHDWD�JDJLFD�vL�VSXQH�WLSXOXL�FX�R�SULYLUH�YLQRYDWD���7UHEXLH�VD�WL�PDUWXULVHVF�FHYD��$P�6,'$��/D�FDUH�WLSXO�UDVSXQGH�vQWHOHJDWRU���1X�L�QLPLF��HX�VXQW�OHSURV�VL�PL�DP�SLHUGXW�VFXOD�vQ�WLQH�D]L�QRDSWH�������6IDWXUL�SHQWUX�R�vQPRUPkQWDUH�UHXVLWD/LSLWL�OD�YHGHUH�XQ�FXF�SH�VLFULX�)HOLFLWDWL�SDULQWLL�FD�L�DX�VXSUDYLHWXLW�ILXOXL��ILLFHL��&RQVRODWL�YDGXYD�FX�FXYLQWH�GH�JHQXO��$FXP�PDFDU�QX�PDL�VXIHUD�GLQ�FDX]D�LPSRWHQWHL�VDOH�9HQLWL�OD�FLPLWLU�vQ�VOLS��FRVWXP�VL�ODEH�GH�VFDIDQGUX��VL�H[SOLFDWL�OD�FHL�FXULRVL�FD�GXSD�vQPRUPkQWDUH�PHUJHWL�OD�R�EDLH�$GXFHWL�FDWHOXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�OD�FLPLWLU�VL�DWXQFL�FkQG�VLFULXO�YD�IL�SXV�vQ�JURDSD��SXQHWL�O��SH�FkLQH��VD�IDFD�SH�PRUWXO���&RPSDUDWL��FX�JODV�WDUH��OD�FLPLWLU��vPEUDFDPLQWHD�PRUWXOXL�FX�SURSULD�vPEUDFDPLQWH�,PHGLDW�GXSD�vQPRUPkQWDUH�FHUHWL�YDGXYD��SXEOLF��GH�QHYDVWD�ÌPSDUWLWL�FHORU�SUH]HQWL�SR]H�GLQ�FRSLODULD�UDSRVDWXOXL�6FXWXUDWL�PkQD�YDGXYHL�FX�R�VRQHULH�HOHFWULFD�0DUWXULVLWL�L�YDGXYHL�SH�GUXPXO�VSUH�FDVD�FD��GHVL�QX�VXQWHWL�VLJXU��FUHGHWL�FD�DWL�YD]XW�PRUWXO�PLVFkQGX�VH�%DQFXUL�VHFL%DQFX�FX�����6WLL�EDQFXO�FX�%DVHVFX"%D��VH�VFXPSHVF�WRDWH�����6WLL�EDQFX�FX�6WDQHVFX"6WD�QHVFXODWD�Q�JXUD�WD�����6WLL�EDQFX�FX�(QHVFX"(�QHVFXODWD�vQFD�����6WLL�EDQFX�FX�,RQHVFX",R��QHVFXODWD�QX�WL�R�GDX�����6WLL�EDQFX�FX�6RUHVFX"6�R�UHVFXODP�����6WLL�EDQFX�FX�vQWkL�0DL"ÌQWkL�PDL�VXJL�S D�VL�DSRL�PDL�YHGHP�����6WLL�EDQFX�FX�XQX�0DL"8QX�PDL�SURVW�FD�WLQH�Q�DP�YD]XW���

Page 325: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��9DULDQWD�6WLL�EDQFX�FX�XQX�0DL"2ULFkW�DL�IL�GH�GHVWHSW�vQWRWGHDXQD�HVWH���0$,�GHVWHSW�FD�WLQH�����6WLL�EDQFX�FX����$XJXVW"���DX�JXVWDW�GLQ�FXUXO�PHX�WX�HVWL�DO����OHD������6WLL�EDQFX�FX����$XJXVW"���DX�JXVWDW�R�vQDLQWHD�WD������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�VDSXQ"6D�SXQ�S D�SH�WLQH�PL�YLQH������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�FUDYDWD�GH�PDWDVH"0D�WD�VH�SXQH�FDSUD"������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�&HOHQWDQR"&H�OHQW��$QR��vWL�GDL�FKLORWLL�MRV�������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�YLVLQH"9L�VL�QH�I HP�SkQD�WL�LHV�RFKLL������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�OXSX"/X�S D�PHD�vL�SODFH�vQ�JXUD�WD���6WLL�EDQFX�FX�FLFR"&LF�R�I W�SH�PD�WD������'D�FX�SHSVL��vO�VWLL"3HSVL�Q�DYHP��GD�FLF�R�IXW�SH�PD�WD������'D�FX�FROD��vO�VWLL"&ROD�Q�DYHP��SHSVL�Q�DYHP��GD�FLF�R�IXW�SH�PD�WD������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�EDVFXOD"7kU��WkU��WkU��PkQFD�PL�DL�S D������'D�FX�SRGX�vO�VWLL"3H�XQ�SRG�WUHFHD�EDVFXOD��WkU��WkU��PkQFD�PL�DL�S D������'D�FX�UkXO��vO�VWLL"���3HVWH�UkX�HUD�XQ�SRG��VL�SH�SRG�WUHFHD�EDVFXOD����������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�JROIX"*RO�IX L�PDL�ELQH����6WLL�EDQFX�FX�PDWXVD"0D�WX�VD�DVD�HVWL�SURVW������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�LDUQD",DU�Q�D�YHQLW�PDWD�OD�vQWkOQLUH������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�$GDP"$�GDPEODJLW�PDWD������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�(YD"(�YDODELO�VL�SHQWUX�WLQH������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�]JXUD"=�JXUD�PDWLL������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�VDPSRQX"

Page 326: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

6�DP�SRPSDWR�VL�SH�DVWD������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�FXUFD"&XU�FD�O�WDX�QX�DUH�QLPHQL������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�PDUX"0D�UXPHJL�GH�S D�����6WLL�EDQFX�FX�WXPEHOH"7X�PL�EHOHVWL�S D������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�RUWDFLL"2UL�WDFL�RUL�WH�EDJ�vQ�S GD�PD�WL������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�0$0%2"0�DP�ERVRURJLW������ÌWL�GDX�XQ�FXWLW��0D�WD�L�SH�PLQH"���0D�WD�Q��FXU�WH�VSDOD�YDUD"������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�LDUQD",DU�QDP�EDQL����'D�EDQFX�FX�YDUD"9DUD��QLFL�DWkW����6WLL�EDQFX�FX�VWDWXLD"6WDWX�LD�WRWX����6WLL�EDQFX�FX�LDUED",DU�EDJ�SX D�Q�JXUD�WD������6WLL�EDQFX�FX�IkQXO")kQXO�FD�IkQXO�GDU�LDU�EDJ�SX D�Q�JXUD�WD������5HWHWD�GH�VODELUH�FX�YLVLQH��GLPLQHDWD�PDQkQFL�FRPSRW�GH�YLVLQH��OD�SUkQ]�JHP�GH�YLVLQH��LDU�VHDUD�YL�VL�QH�IX HP����6WLL�EDQFX�FX�GXODSX"'X�OD�SX D�WRW�FH�SRWL���'LIHUHQWHOH�GLQWUH�ELURX�VL�SXVFDULH���/D�SXVFDULH�VWDL�PDL�WRW�WLPSXO�vQWU�R�FDPHUD��[����/D�ELURX�VWDL�PDL�WRW�WLPSXO�vQWU�R�FDPHUD��[�����/D�SXVFDULH�DL�WUHL�PHVH�SH�]L��/D�ELURX�DL�R�JXVWDUH�SH�FDUH�R�PDL�VL�SODWHVWL����/D�SXVFDULH�DL�WLPS�VD�PHGLWH]L�OD�YLDWD�WD��/D�ELURX�QX�DL�WLPS�FvQG�OXFUH]L�GH�FKHVWLL�DWvW�GH�SURIXQGH����/D�SXVFDULH�XQ�JDUGLDQ�GHVFKLGH�VL�LQFKLGH�XVLOH�GXSD�WLQH��/D�ELURX�WUHEXLH�VD�ILL�DWHQW�FX�FKHLOH�FvQG�YLL�VL�SOHFL����/D�SXVFDULH�SRWL�VD�WH�XLWL�OD�WHOHYL]RU��/D�ELURX�WH�DL�DUV�GDFD�WH�SULQGH�VHIXO�IDFvQG�DVWD����/D�SXVFDULH�vWL�DFRUGD�YL]LWH�SHQWUX�IDPLOLH�VL�SULHWHQL��/D�ELURX�QX�DSXFL�VD�VXQL�IDPLOLD�VL�SULHWHQLL����/D�SXVFDULH�vQWUHWLQHUHD�R�SODWHVWH�VWDWXO�VL�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�OXFUH]L��/D�ELURX��GXSD�FH�PXQFHVWL��GLQ�EDQLL�SH�FDUH�WL�L�GDXUHGXFL�WRDWH�WD[HOH�VL�FH�PDL�UDPvQH"������/D�SXVFDULH�DL�SURSULXO�:&��/D�OXFUX�WUHEXLH�VD�O�vPSDUWL�FX�DOWLL����/D�SXVFDULH�SRWL�VD�WH�vQVFULL�OD�GLIHULWH�SURJUDPH�GH�UHHGXFDUH�VL�VD�LHVL�GLQ�HOH�FkQG�YUHL��/D�ELURX�QX�PDL�UHXVHVWL�VD�LHVLGLQ�SURJUDPHOH�vQ�FDUH�DL�IRVW�EDJDW�IDUD�D�IL�vQWUHEDW����/D�SXVFDULH�DL�SDUWH�GH�JDUGLHQL�FUX]L�VL�QX�UDUHRUL�VDGLFL��/D�ELURX�DL�SDUWH�GH�PDQDJHU����/D�SXVFDULH�WH�SXQ�vQ�ODQWXUL�FkQG�WUHEXLH�VD�PHUJL�XQGHYD��/D�EYLURX�HVWL�SXV�vQ�ODQWXUL�SHQWUX�D�VWD�SH�ORF�

Page 327: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

'LQ�PHGLWDWLLOH�XQXL�ORFXLWRU�DO�����FDQDOXOXL&kQG�QLPDQXL�vQ�MXUXO�WDX�QX�L�SDVD�GH�WLQH��vQGUD]QHVF�RDUH�SUHD�PXOW�SUHWLQ]kQGX�L�VRFLHWD�WLL�R�SXQJD�FX�DXURODF"'DFD�DV�LQWUD�VL�HX�vQ�SROLWLFD��DVD�PL�DV�vQFHSH�GLVFXUVXO�vQ�3DUODPHQW���&DQDOXO�H�SDWULD�PHD��SH�FDUH�R�LXEHVF�VL�PDPkQGUHVF�FX�HD��'H�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�GDX�OD�R�SDUWH�FDSDFXO�FD�VD�LHV�OD�OXPLQD��QX�PD�WHP�GH�VRERODQL�VL�GH�FkLQL��FL�GH�RDPHQL�$IDUD�H�DHUXO�DWkW�GH�FXUDW��FD��SXU�VL�VLPSOX��PL�VH�IDFH�UDX�VL�QX�PDL�SRW�UHVSLUD�'DX�XQ�FD�QD�O�SHQWUX�R�SXQJD�FX�DXURODF�&KLDU�GDFD�DXURODFXO�vPL�SURGXFH�OH]LXQL�SH�FUHLHU��DVD�FXP�]LF�XQLL��H�GH�SUHIHUDW�VRFLHWDWLL��FDUH�vPL�SURGXFH�OH]LXQLSH���FRUG�6SUH�GHRVHELUH�GH�OXPHD�GH�VXV��vQ�FDQDO�QX�H[LVWD�QLFL�RVSLFLL�VL�QLFL�SXVFDULL�/XDWL�DPLQWH��VL�FDQDOXO�VH�DIOD�WRW�vQ�vPSDUDWLD�OXL�'XPQH]HX�1RL�VXQWHP�DGHYDUDWLL�LGHDOLVWL�DL�OXPLL��SHQWUX�FD�KLPHUHOH�QX�VH�QDVF�vQ�OXPLQD��FL�vQ�vQWXQHULF�&HL�PDL�IHULFLOL�GLQWUH�RDPHQL�DMXQJ�OD�FDQDO�vQDLQWH�GH�D�VH�QDVWH��XQLL�PDL�SXWLQ�QRURFRVL�DMXQJ�DLFL�GXSD�FH�V�DX�QDVFXW��LDUFHL�PDL�QHQRURFLS����QX�DMXQJ�QLFLRGDWD�'HVL�QH�FRQVLGHUDWL�ILLL�vQWXQHULFXOXL��VXQWHP�PDO�EXQL�GHFkW�PXOWL�GLQWUH�ILLL�OXPLQLL��1RL�VWDP�vQ�vQWXQHULF��GDU�DYHP�OXPLQDvQVXIOHW��SH�FkQG�OD�PXOìL�GLQWUH�YRL�VH�vQWkPSOD�H[DFW�SH�GRV�&LQH�VWLH�GDFD�QX�FXPYD�FDQDOXO�QX�UHSUH]LQWD�PDWFD�XQHL�OXPL�QRL"��'RDU�V�D�PDL�SOHFDW�R�GDWD�GH�OD�JURWD�)HQRPHQXO�&DULWDV���)HQRPHQ�SH�FDUH�QH�D�FXSULQV�SH�WRWL��IHQRPHQXO�&DULWDV��&D�VD�YD�WLQHP�OD�FXUHQW�FX�FH�VH�vQWkPSOD�DFROR�DP�SUHJDWLW�XQUHSRUWDM�H[DFW�GH�OD�IDWD�ORFXOXL��%XQD�]LXD��"��6WDWL�GRPQH�OLQLVWLW��6XQW�UHSRUWHU�GH�OD��(YHQLPHQWXO�QRSWLL���DV�YUHD�VD�YD�LDX�XQ�LQWHUYLX��7RW�YDG�FD�VWDWL�DLFL�OD�FRDGD�OD&DULWDV��VXQWHWL�R�SHUVRDQD�VLPSDWLFD��'H�FkQG�VWDWL�OD�FRDGD"�'H���NP��6L�FH�QXPDU�GH�RUGLQH�DYHWL"���������������������QX�PDL�VWLX��H�OXQJ�DP�SLHUGXW�FDLHWHOH�SH�FDUH�O�DP�VFULV��'D�GRPQH��Y�D�SDFDOLW��QX�PDL�DSXFDWL�VD�DMXQJHWL�vQ�����3H�PLQH""""��"�3RDWH�SH�EXQLFX�PHX��&D�HO�D�YHQLW�DLFHD�OD�FRDGD�DFXP�����GH�DQL�VDX�QX�PDL�VWLX�FkW�D�WUHFXW�8Q�VWUDLQ��6SDODP�FLRUDSL��WDLHP�XQJKLL��VSDODP�FLRUDSL��WDLHP�XQJKLL�����9DG�FD�V�D�GH]YROWDW�R�vQWUHDJD�LQGXVWULH�GH�SUHVWDUL�VHUYLFLL�SH�OkQJD�FRDGD�DVWD��6D�QX�O�FUHGHWL�GRPQH��FD�vQWU�R�]L�O�DP�SXV�VD�vPL�VSHOH�FLRUDSLL�VL�PL�R�WDLDW�XQJKLLOH��9D�GDWL�VHDPD�FH�IULJ�PD�LD�SH�ODWDOSL"�'D�FkW�GHSXQHWL"�&kW�GHSXL�HX"�&kW�DP��6L�FkW�DYHWL"�1X�PDL�DP�QLPLF��$P�YkQGXW�WRW��FDVD��PDVLQD��EDQL����DP�YkQGXW�WRW�VL�vL�SXQ�OD�&DULWDV��$WL�YkQGXW�EDQLL"�7RW��WRW��'D�FRSLL�DYHWL"�3RDWH��HX�QX�VWLX��FkQG�DP�YHQLW�DLFL�OD�FRDGD�QHYDVWD�PHD�HUD�JUDYLGD��DFXP�FLQH�VWLH�XQGH�R�IDFH�ILXO�PHX�DUPDWD"�'D�GH�XQGH�VWLWL�FD�QX�D�QDVFXW�IDWD"�%D�QX�WL�H�UXVLQH�PD"�3DL�PDLFD�WD�WH�D�QDVFXW�IDWD�FkQG�WH�R�QDVFXW�SH�WLQH"�$"�1X�vQWHOHJ�GH�FH�WLSDWL�OD�PLQH��3D�VXQW�QHUYRV��'H�FkQG�VWDX�OD�FRDGD�DVWD��VXQW�QHUYRV��6L�WH�DSXFD�GHV"�1XPDL�vQ�DQLL�ELVHFWL��$WkW��3D]HD�FD�YLQH�DOD�FX�OLVWD��(X�VXQW�0DQROHVFX�)DQH��VD�QX�XLWL��%D�LD�ILWL�DWHQWL�DLFL��0DQROHVFX�$��0DQROHVFX�%��0DQROHVFX�&��0DQROHVFX�'��0DQROHVFX�(�����(X�VXQW�DFXPD��0DQROHVFX�$$��0DQROHVFX�%%��0DQROHVFX�&&�����6WDL�FD�HX�VXQW�)DQH��)DQLVRU�GH�IUDWH�PLX��0DQROHVFX�''��0DQROHVFX�((��0DQROHVFX�$$%��0DQROHVFX�$$&��0DQROHVFX�$$'�����$L�GUDFX�DVWLD��'H�ILHFDUH�GDWD�LQYHUVHD]D�LQLWLDOHOH�VL�FkQG�WHUPLQD�OLWHUHOH�WUHF�OD��������'H�GRPQH��FH�VD�L�IDFHP"�3HQWUX�XQ�EDQ�WRWL�PXQFLP����'XPQHDWD�FH�R�VD�IDFL�FX�EDQX�FDQG�R�VD�O�VFRWL"�ÌL�ODV�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH��%LQH�VL�GXSD���OXQL"�ÌL�ODV�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�

Page 328: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�6L�GXSD�vQFD���OXQL"�ÌL�ODV�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH��'RPQH�DL�IDFXW�SLSL�SH�GXPQHDWD��QX�vWL�VFKLPEL�SDQWDORQLL"�ÌL�ODV�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH��6L�FkQG�vQ�VIkUVLW�R�VD�vL�VFRWL��FkQG�R�VD�DL�VXWH�GH�PLOLDUGH����'D��GD��GD����&H�R�VD�IDFL�SULPD�GDWD�FX�EDQLL"�ÌL�QXPDU��'DFD�PD�vQVDOD�DLD�FX�YUHR�PLH��GRXD�����vPL�SODWHVWH�FLQH�SDJXED��FLQH"�6L�FH�R�VD�YD�FXPSDUDWL�SULPD�GDWD�FX�EDQLL�UHVSHFWLYL"�8Q�GLVF�FX�IRUPDWLD��0HWHRULW���1X�DP�DX]LW��([LVWD�DVD�FHYD"�1X��GD�FkQG�R�L�VFRDWH�HX�EDQLL�SRDWH�V�R�LQILLQWD�SkQD�DWXQFL��'H�XQGH�VWLL�GXPQHDWD�FD�QX�VHvQILLQWHD]D"�%LQH��vWL�LHL�XQ�GLVF�VL�FX�UHVWXO�GH�EDQL�FH�R�VD�vWL�LHL"�&DUH�UHVW�GH�EDQL"�&kQG�R�L�VFRDWH�HX�EDQLL�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FkW�R�VD�FRVWH�XQ�GLVF"�$UH�DVWLD�JULMD���8Q�FHUVHWRU��$MXWDWL�PD�VL�SH�PLQH�FX���OHX��VD�YD�WUDLDVFD�IDPLOLD���5HSRUWHUXO��'D�GRPQH��XLWH�XQ�RP�DPDUkW����'HSXQDWRUXO��1X�WL�UXVLQH�PDL�FHUVHWRUXOH"�(X�VWDX�OD�FRDGD�R�]L�vQWUHDJD�VD�LDX����PLOLRDQH�VL�WX�YUHL�VD�FkVWLJL���OHX�DVD"""�/D�PXQFD��EDFHUVHWRUXOH��&H�PDUH�OXFUX�VD�vO�DMXWL�VL�SH�DVWD�FX���OHX"�/DVD�GRPQH��'XPQHDWD�VWLL�FLQH�H�DVWD"�(�SDWURQXO�GH�OD�&RPEDW��'D�DX]L����QX�WH�SOLFWLVHVWL�VD�VWDL�DVD�VLQJXU��IDUD�VD�VFKLPL�R�YRUED�FX�QLPHQL"�%D�PDL�YRUEHVF�FX�SROLWLD�GLQ����vQ����DQL�FkQG�YLQH�VD�vPL�VFKLPE�EXOHWLQXO�FD�QX�PD�PDL�ODVD�FRSLL�DORUD�GH�OD�FRDGD�VDLQWUX�vQ�IDWD��]LFH��7X�FLQH�HVWL�WDWDLH"�'D�XQGH�H�SROLWLD��GHSDUWH"�/D���QXPHUH�PDL�vQ�IDWD��3ROLWLD�OD�&DULWDV"�3DL�DVWLD�FH�GHSXQ�GRPQH"�'LSORPD�GH���FODVH��9D�GDWL�VHDPD�FH�VFRDWHUH�DX�vQ���OXQL��GH���RUL�PDL�PXOW��DGLFD����FODVH�����GH�IDFXOWDWH��'RPQH��SROLWLD�H�DLFL�FD�VD�QX�VH�PDL�vQWkPSOH�YLROXUL��EDWDL��WkOKDULL���6SXQH�PL��GH�FkQG�H�SROLWLD�V�D�PDL�vQWkPSODW�DVDFHYD"�1X�GRPQH�FD�V�DX�DEWLQXW�WRWL��GH�OD�SROLWDL�OD�XOWLPXO�VHUJHQW��DL�GUDFX�GDFD�DX�PDL�YLRODW�HL�6WUDLQXO��$�PDL�PXULW�FLQHYD"�7UDLHVWL"�(�YLX��7UDLHVWL"�3H�EXQLFD�PLX�O�DL�vQJURSDW��SH�WDLFD�PLX�O�DL�vQJURSDW��WX�YUHL�VD�IDFL�WUDGLWLH"�3OHDFD�PD�IROFORULVWXOH�GH�DLFL��&LQH�H�DVWD�GRPQH"�)DQWRPD�OXL�3DXQHVFX��'D�VWDL�DVD��WRDWD�]LXD��FD�XQ�DQLPDO��vQ�SORDLH��vQ�IULJ��QX�JkQGHVWL��QX�IDFL�QLPLF��%D�GD��vPL�UHFUHH]�PHPRULD��8LWH��GH�H[HPSOX�FUHH]�QXPHUH�GH�WHOHIRQ��&XP�DVD"�%D�LQFDSDELOXOH��QX�FXP�DVD�����8LWH��FH�]LFL�GH�DVWD"���������'DFD�PD�IDF�DO�GUDFX�vO�SXQ�VL�SH�UDS����������(�VXEHUE��QX"�(�XQ�QXPDU�FD�WRDWH�QXPHUHOH��,D�IL�DWHQW�DFXPD�FD�OXFUH]�OD�R�FDSRGRSHUD�GH���FLIUH��8LWH������������$K��ÌPL�OLSVHVWH�ILQDOXO������������7L�V�D�DUV�ILQDOXO�����������$L�R�VXJHVWLH"����������������%D�GD�SURVW�HVWL����(VWL�VWXSLG�ED��WH�FRPSODFL�vQ�SHQLELOLWDWH��'D�FH�DP�]LV"�0D�PLU�FD�QX�DL�]LV���FD�WH�VL�SOH]QHDP��PD��8LWH�GRPQH����FH�VD�����(VWL�VWXSLG�UDX�GH�WRW�ED��*DWD�GRPQH��JDWD��&XP��"�ÌPL�VWULFL�PLH�FDSRGRSHUD��9LL�WX�FX�XQ���VD�vO�DUXQFL�DVD�DOHDWRU"�*DWD�GRPQH��JDWD���XLWH��VD�]LFHP������������������%D�WX�YUHL�VD�LQWULL�vQ�IDWD��OD�FRDGD��6SXQH�GH�IDSW�FH�YUHL��1X�GRPQH��DP�]LV���SHQWUX�FD�����3HQWUX�FD"$OW�RP��+DL�FX�FDEOX����KDL�FX�FDEOX�DOD����*DWD��DWkW��9D�FDXWD�GH�DFDVD��6XQWHWL���������"�'D�GRPQH��DWL�YHQLW�FX�FDEOX"

Page 329: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�&X�FDEOX��FX�WHOHIRQ��1X�H�SHQWUX�PLQH��DO�PHX�H�FX�DQWHQD��,D�YH]L�DUH�GROLX�SH�HO�FD�V�DU�SXWHD�VD�ILH�SHQWUX�HO��1X�GRPQH��1X�H�DO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"�1X��DVWD�H�QXPDUXO�PHX�GH�SH�SODFXWD�GH�LGHQWLILFDUH�GH�OD�026$'��1X�D�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"�1X��DVWD�H�QXPDUXO�PHX�GH�OD�FRDGD��ÌQVHDPQD�FD�H�SHQWUX�PLQH��$OR"�'D�GUDJD��GHSXQ�VL�YLQ��$VWLD�V�DX�WDFDQLW�DLFL��'RPQH�GH�FkQG�WH�WLQ�GH�YRUED�DX�WUHFXW�����GH�RDPHQL�SH�OkQJD�GXPQHDWD��V�DX�GXV�vQ�IDWD��'D"�0DUH�EUkQ]D��PDL�VWDX���OXQL��8OWLPXO�VXQW"�8OWLPXO��3HUIHFW��ÌQVHDPQD�FD�L�DP�SDFDOLW��FD�FRDGD�H�vQ�SDUWHD�DLODOWD��9DFDURLXOH"�9LQR�PD�vQFRDFH��3DL�WX�VWLL�FX�FLQH�DL�VWDW�GHYRUED"�6WLL�FLQH�VXQWHP�QRL"�'XSOH[�9DFDURLX�)XQDU��$FXPD�QX�VWLX�SH�FDUH�DSODXGD��SH�9DFDURLX�VDX�SH�)XQDU��0XVDL�FD�9DFDURLX�D�YHQLW�FX�EXJHWXO�5RPkQLHL�VL�PHUJHP�VD�vOGHSXQHP�OD�&DULWDV��'HFL�QX�H�FRDGD�OD�&DULWDV"�1X�H�FRDGD�OD�&DULWDV��L�DP�IHQWDW��,�DWL�SDFDOLW"�'D�QX�PDL�WUHEXLH�VD�YD�GXFHWL�SkQD�DFROR�FD�HX�VXQW�,RQ�6WRLFD��XLWH�EXOHWLQX��'XPQH]HXO�QRVWUX��WX�HVWL"�9D�VXQ�HX�SHVWH���OXQL��&H�QRURF�FD�PD�FKHDPD�WRW�FD�SH�DOD����QX�VWLWL�XQGH�H�&DULWDVXO�FD�DP�QLVWH�EDQL����6FULV��GH�DGLR��(����DGUHVDYD�VL�VXIHULQWD�YRDVWUD��GD�QX�PD�ODVD�JkWX���DP�UHXVLW�GH�OD�vQFHUFDUHD�WHQWDWLYHL�GH�VLQXFLGHUH�FX�VIRDUD��(UD�SUHDDVFXWLWD�VL�QX�DP�DYXW�GHFkW���IRFXUL��$P�VFDSDW�XVRU�SHQWUX�FD�DP�YUXW�VD�YLQ�DLFL�VD�YD�SRYHVWHVF�PXOWH��(X�V�FX�SDSDJDOXO�vPL�FXUJ�FXYLQWHOH�GLQ�JXUD�FD�OD�IDFXOWDWHD�GH�OLWHUH�GLQ�%HLUXW��DVD�VH�VFULH"��DVD����9D�VSXQHDP�QLVWH�GXPH�vQWRDUVHSDUDQGDUDWXUL�FD�VXQW�-LPL�GLQ�SDGXUHD�IDUD�URVW��JDWD�YD�OXDP�PLQWLOH�YD�GXFHDP�SDP�SDP�SDP�SDP����+DL�WDWLFX��PD�PLU�FDQXPDL�GXPH�GH�ERFDUH�GH�DVWLD��ED�G�DFXPD�Q�DP�vQFRWUR��2ULFH�DV�YRUEL�QX�VH�DXGH�QLPLF�GLQ�JkW��1D�F�DP�SDWLW�R��6LDYHDP�OD�FXYkQWDUL����3H�PLQH�PD�FKHPDX�DVWLD�VD�LDX�FXYkQWDUHD�OD�QDVWHUL��OD�GHVSDUWLUL��OD�GHVSDUWLUL�GH�QDVWHUL�FX���OXQL�PDLGHYUHPH��OD�ERWH]XUL��OD�PkQDULL��OD�WRW�IHOXO�GH�RELFHLXUL�GH�DVWHD��$P�OXDW�FXYDQWXO�FKLDU�OD�ERWH]XO�XQHL�IHWLWH�D�XQXLSULHWHQ��=LFH��+DL�YRUEHVWH�VL�WX�FD�WRW�HVWL�DLFL��EHL�SH�GHJHDED��=LF��'D��FXP�VD�QX����'UDJL�PHVHQL��VD�QH�EXFXUDP�SHQWUXDFHVW�FRSLO��LDWD�FH�IUXPRV�H��VD�L�R�YHGHP�FX�WR����VD�R�YHGHP�FX�WRWLL�FXP�VHDPDQD�FX�WDWDO�HL��FH"�PL�DWL�GDW�R�FX�IXQGXO�VL�DVL�IDFXW�SH�HD"�+RSD��1X�VWLDP�GH�FH�VHDPDQD�FX�WDWDO�FD�����6DPDQD�FX�PDPD�HL��GHVL�PLURDVH�DVD�����'HIDSW�VHDPDQD�FXDPkQGRL�FD�D�vQFHSXW�VD�VL�O�PDQkQFH��(VWH�R�IHWLWD�VROLGD��XLWDWL�FH�SLFLRDUH�WDSHQH�DUH����6L�PkLQLOH�GRPQH�LD�XLWH��WDSHQH�SLFLRDUHOH�GH�OD�PDVD�WDSHQH��2�IHWLWD�VDQDWRDVD����VDQDWRDVD�D�IRVW����6D�WUDLDVFD�PXOW�VL�ELQH��6D�DMXQJD�OD�YHQHUDELOD�YkUVWDGH����GH�DQL��H[DFW�FD�EXQLFD�VD�FDUH��XLWDWL�YD�OD�HD��H�SH�MXPDWDWH�WkPSLWD��vL�PDL�FXUJH�VL�vQ�JXUD�FkQG�PDQkQFD��LD�XLWH����$ROHX�FH�����$VD�VD�DMXQJD�VL�IHWLWD�GH�EDWUkQD��VD�VL�WUDLDVFD�YLDWD��+DLGHWL�VD�vL�IDFHP�R�SR]D�FD�SHVWH�FkWHYD�VDSWDPkQLPHUJH�vQ�SLFLRDUH��VD�DLED�VL�HD�DPLQWLUL�GH�FkQG�HUD�YLUJLQD��0kQFDX�DU�WDWD�GH�IUXPXVLFD����+DL�ODVD�OLPEXWD�OD�PLQH����$VD�)UXPXVLFD�OX�WDWLFX����9HQLWL�GRDPQD��DVD��6D�YHGHP�FX�WRWLL�GH�XQGH�D�LHVLW�DFHDVWD�IHWLWD��$�LHVLW�GLQWU�R�PDPD�VHPLLQWHOHFWXDOD��DGLFD�H�vQFD�VWXGHQWD�VL�XQ�WDWD�����PDL�VSXQ"�&D�YDG�FD�H�VL�VRWXO�GH�IDWD��QX�PDL�VSXQ��EXQ��2�PDPD�VL�XQ�WDWD�6D�L�XUDP�VDQDWDWH��VD�VFDSH�FX�YLDWD�GLQ�RULFH�DFFLGHQW�FKLDU�GDFD�R�VD�VFDSH�SDUDOL]DWD��RDUED��FLXQJD��WkPSLWD��GDU�PDL�ELQHDVD�GHFkW�VD�WUDLDVFD�PRDUWD��V�R�PDQkQFH�YLHUPLL��VD�SXWUH]HDVFD�GH�YLH�DVD�FXP�VWD�HD�SH�PDVD�DLFL��XLWDWL�YD�OD�HD��'D�WL�PLYD�URJ�R�OXPkQDUH�VL�QLVWH�YDWD�VD�vL�EDJ�vQ�QDV�VD�YHGHWL�FH�QDVRO�vL�VWD�PRDUWD��,DU�DFXP�DP�V�R�DUG�FX�WLJDUD�FD�VD�VH�GH]YHWHGH�IXPDW�VL�QLFL�VD�QX�VH�DSXFH�PDFDU�����9D�GDWL�VHDPD�FD�P�DX�DOHUJDW�FX�WRSRDUHOH�SkQD�vQ�VDWXO�YHFLQ��'D�DVWD�QX�L�QLPLF��$P�OXDW�FXYkQWDUHD�OD�R�QXQWD��&kQG�V�DVWULJDW�GDUX�DFROR�DP�ULGLFDW�VL�HX�SDKDUXO�����'UDJL�PHVHQL�GDWL�PL�YRLH�VD�vQFKLQ�DFHVW�SDKDU�GH�YLQ��SURVW��GDU�FX�VLIRQ�PHUJH��vQ�FLQVWHD�LQ�FHORU�GRL�WLQHUL�FDUH�DLFL�GH�IDWD�FX�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�VL�FX�QDVLL�VH�SLSDLH�FX�QHVLPWLUH�SH�VXE�PDVD���*LQHULFD�GUDJD�DL�R�QHYDVWD�FDOXPHD��LXELWRDUH��WL�R�SRDWH�JDUDQWD�WRW�VDWXO��V�R�LXEHVWL�DVD�FXP�VL�QRL�DP�LXELW�R��(�IUXPRDVD�DUH�VLOXLHWD��QX�FD�EDODEXVWD�GH�PD�VD��,DU�LQ�FH�O�SULYHVWH�SH�WDWDO�PLUHVHL��VD�VSHUDP�FD�VLILOLVXO�QX�HVWH�HUHGLWDU��7X�PLUHDVDVD�LO�LXEHVWL�SH�JLQHULFD��FKLDU�GDFD�L�LGLRW��FH�PDL�FRQWHD]D��DFXP�O�DL�OXDW��O�DL�OXDW��HVWL�IUDLHUD��(X�LO�FXQRVF�GLQ�JHQHUDODXQGH�HUD�SURVWX�FODVHL�VL�PL�V�D�SDUXW�XQ�EDLDW�EXQ��FX�SUHD�SXWLQH�GHIHFWH��GDFD�KRPRVH[XDOLWDWHD�VL�KHPRURL]LL�VH�SRW�QXPLLGHIHFWH��GDU�QX�FUHG��QX�H�����,XEHVWH�O�SHQWUX�FD�LXELUHD�HVWH�VLQJXUXO�OHDF�LPSRWULYD�VFKL]RIUHQLHL��1X�VWLX�GH�FH�H�VXSDUDWDQDVD�FD�SHQWUX�HD�DP�SXV�PDJXO�VD�FkQWH�R�MXPD�GH�RUD�FkW�D�IRVW�FX�EDLHWLL�GLQ�IRUPDWLH�OD�KRWHO��9DG�FD�D�URVLW�WRDWD��VHPQFD�vQFD�PDL�HVWH�EDVLVWXO�SH�VXE�PDVD��1DVXOH��QX�LQFHUFD�VD�WH�DSOHFL�FX�EXUWD�DLD�GH�QHDP�SURVW�FD�QX�DUH�URVW��QX�UHXVHVWL�9D�XUH]�VDQDWDWH��������'D�FHD�PDL�PLVWR�FXYkQWDUH�DP�WLQXW�R�FkQG�DP�WHUPLQDW�IDFXOWDWHD��HUDX�FROHJLL�PHL��DEVROYHQWL��LQJLQHUL��HX�WLQHDPFXYkQWDUHD��HUDX�VL�SURIHVRUL�VL�FDP�DVD�DP�]LV��0XOW�VWLPDWL�VL�FDSDELOL�VWXGHQWL��ED�SURIHVRUL�����$P�PXQFLW�FX�WRWLL�FD�VDDYHP�R�GLSORPD�VL�GXSD���DQL�QH�DP�WUH]LW�FX�HD�vQ�PkQD��6D�OH�PXOWXPLP�SURIHVRULORU�FDUH�QH�DX�vQYDWDW�FDUWH��'D��VD�QXUkGHWL�FD�VL�GH�OD�XQ�SURVW�DL�FH�vQYDWD��1X�R�YRP�XLWD�GHVLJXU�SH�SURID�GH�PDWHPDWLFD�SH�FDUH�FX�WRWLL�DP�DYXW�R�vQ�DQXO�vQWkL����&H�0LVXOH��WX�QX�DL�IDFXW�FX�HD�VDX�DL�IDFXW�VLQJXU"�(X�DP�DYXW�R�GH���RUL�FD�P�D�ODVDW�UHSHWHQW��6L�DUH�PDWHULH�JUHD��DWUHEXLW�VD�VWDX�FX�EXUWD�SH�HD�WRDWD�YDUD��'RPQH��QX�WL�LQWUD�DVD�GH�XVRU��vWL�VSXQ�HX�����'DFD�QX�SXL�PkQD�VL�QX�SXL�FDSXO�OD

Page 330: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

EDWDLH��QX�SRWL�VD�vWL�VDWLVIDFL�SURIHVRDUD��6D�QX�vO�XLWDP�SH�SURIHVRUXO�GH�FKLPLH��FDUH�OD�FKHIXO�GLQ�DQXO�vQWkL��PDL�VWLWL�FD�QXDYHD�GHVIDFDWRU�SHQWUX�VWLFOHOH�GH�EHUH"�6L�IHWHOH�vVL�DGXF�DPLQWH�FD�OH�D�GHVWXSDW�FX�GHJHWXO��+H�KH�����'D�H�PXOW�GH�DWXQFL�V�DX�DVWXSDW�OD�ORF��6D�QX�XLWDP��ELQH�vQWHOHV��GH�SURIHVRDUD�QRDVWUD�GH�RUJDQH����GH�PDVLQL�����&kQG�QH�vQYDWD�VD�GHVHQDPVFKHPD�DLD�VL�QRL�QX�VWLDP�FXP�H�VL�QH�FKHPD�OD�PHGLWDWLL�VD�QH�R�DUDWH�OD�WRWL��1H�D�SXV�SH�WRWL�VD�R�IDFHP�GH�YUHR����GH�RUL�8QX�R�IDFHD�SH�SODQVHWD�LDU�QRL�R�IDFHDP�OD�VFDUD��IDUD�VD�JUHVLP�LQGLFDWRUXO�67$6��'HDVHPHQHD�QX�vO�YRP�XLWD�SH�GRPQXOGHFDQ�FDUH�DWXQFL�FkQG�OXD�FXYkQWXO�VH�VLPWHD�����vQ�UHVW�QX�SUHD�����9RUEHD�DVD�IUXPRV�FD�QLFL�QX�DL�IL�]LV�FD�L�SURVW��'RPQXOGHFDQ�WRW�WLPSXO�D�IRVW�SULHWHQXO�QRVWUX��&X�RULFH�SUREOHPD�QH�GXFHDP�OD�HO��QH�R�UH]ROYD�FX�PkQD�OXL��OLQLVWLW��FRQVWLLQFLRV�WHPHLQLF��GH�L�vPSURVFD�SH�WRWL�GLQ�MXU�FX�YRUEH�XUkWH��&DWH�JHQHUDWLL�GH�VWXGHQWL�QX�DX�WUHFXW�SULQ�PkLQLOH�OXL��FX�SUREOHPHPDL�PDUL��PDL�PLFL�VL�SH�WRWL�L�D�IDFXW�IHULFLWL��1X�R�YRL�XLWD�QLFLRGDWD�SH�DVLVWHQWD�GH�OD�HOHFWUR�FkQG�P�DP�GXV�FX�FDIHDXD�ODHD�VD�PD�WUHDFD�VL�D�]LV�VD�L�R�GDX�SULQ�VSDWH�VD�QX�PD�YDGD�SURIHVRUXO��1LFL�QX�PD�DVWHSWDP�VD�SXQD�ERWX�GLQ�SULPD��0L�HUDVL�UXVLQH�VD�vL�VSXQ����'RDPQD�QX�Y�DP�DSURIXQGDW����ÌQWUH�WLPS�PD�MXFDP�FX�XQ�FRQGHQVDWRU��WUDJHDP�GH�SLFLRUXVH����8LWD�WL�GD�O�GUDFX�GH�FRQGHQVDWRU��HX�FX�SLFLRUXVHOH�DYHDP�FH�DYHDP��'D�VD�YD�PDL�]LF�WRW�FX�SURID�GH�HOHFWUR�������(X�DV�PDL�IL�]LV��GDU�P�DP�WUH]LW�FX�R�PkQD�SH�XPDU��DVD�vQ�PLMORFXO�FRQIHULQWHL����+RS��'RPQXO�FRORQHO����6RWXO�GkQVHL��FDUHDFXP���DQL�HUD�XQ�ELHW�FDSLWDQ�GH�VHFXULWDWH��&H�WLH�RPX�GRPQH����(X�PDL�SUHJDWLVHP�DVD�XQ�GLVFXUV��GD�R�VD�vO�WLQ�SHQWUXFROHJLL�PHL�GH�OD�SXVFDULH��GH�DFROR���'H�DLD�QLFL�QX�YL�O�VSXQ�FD�YL�O�VSXQ�FkQG�QH�vQWkOQLP�DFROR��&LQH�DSODXGD�H�PDL�YLQRYDWGHFDW�DOD�GH�O�VSXQH�&DUH�L�FXOPHD"��&XOPHD�PDWHPDWLFLL��6D�WH�FXOFL�FX�GRXD�QHFXQRVFXWH�VL�VD�QX�R�UH]ROYL�SH�QLFL�XQD����&XOPHD�PDWHPDWLFLL�,,��6D�WH�FXOFL�FX�GRXD�QHFXQRVFXWH�VL�VD�DSDUD�R�D�WUHLD����&XOPHD�PDWHPDWLFLL�,,,��6D�PHUJL�SH�VWUDGD�VL�VD�WL�LDVD�VRFRWHDOD�SH�DIDUD����&XOPHD�FXOPLORU�PDWHPDWLFLL�,9��6D�WL�LDVD�VL�VROXWLD����&XOPHD�PDWHPDWLFLL�9��6D�FXQRVWL�R�QHFXQRVFXWD��VD�vQFHSL�SULQ�D�L�GHVIDFH�SDUDQWH]HOH��GXSD�DLD�VD�LQWURGXFL�vQWUHJXO�vQ�IUDFWLH�VL�VD�DVWHSWL���OXQLVD�GHD�UH]XOWDWXO�XQX�������&XOPHD�]JkUFHQLHL�,��6D�ERUDVWL�FX�GLQWLL�VWUkQVL��VD�QX�LDVD�EXFDWLOH�PDUL����&XOPHD�]JkUFHQLHL�,,��6D�VSHOL�KkUWLD�LJLHQLFD�VL�V�R�SXL�OD�XVFDW������&XOPHD�OLQJXVHOLORU�6D�PD�SXSL�SH�IUXQWH�FDQG�YRL�IL�FX�FDSX�Q�VRED������&XOPHD�JDVWURQRPLHL��6D�PDQkQFL�XPEUD�GH�UDWD�SH�PLURV�GH�YDU]D�����&XOPHD�IRUWHL��6D�VWUkQJL�R�KkUWLH�GH�������SLQD�vL�LHVH�OLPED�OXL�$YUDP�,DQFX�����&XOPHD�vQJKHVXLHOLL�,��vQ�DXWREX]���6D�FLUFXOH�VRIHUXO�GH�OD�DXWREX]�SH�VFDUD�����&XOPHD�vQJKHVXLHOLL�,,��vQ�WUHQ���6D�WL�GDL�S OD�GLQ�PkQD�vQ�PkQD�SkQD�OD�EXGD���&XOPHD�VXSUDvQJKHVXLHOLL��6D�SULPHVWL�DOWD�vQDSRL�

Page 331: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���&XOPHD�vQJKHVXLHOLL�,,,��6D�SRWL�IDFH�GUDJRVWH�vQWU�R�FDPHUD�GH�ELFLFOHWD�����&XOPHD�FXULR]LWDWLL��6D�VSDUJL�FDSXO�S L�VD�YH]L�GDFD�DUH�FUHLHU�����&XOPHD�VSDWLXOXL�ORFDWLY��6D�ORFXLHVWL�vQWU�R�FDPHUD�GH�ILOPDW�����&XOPHD�ELRVLQWH]HL��6D�PDQkQFL�SUXQH�VL�VD�XULQH]L�WXLFD����&XOPHD�&)5�XOXL��6D�PDQkFL�VkUPD�JKLPSDWD��VD�WH�FDFL�FDOH�IHUDWD�����&XOPHD�FRQVRODULL�1X�VH�PDL�VFRDOD����'DU�FH�IUXPRV�DWkUQD�����&XOPHD�FUDFDQDULL��6D�SXL�XQ�SLFLRU�LQ�&DUSDWL�XQX�LQ�%DOFDQL�VL�VD�WL�VSHOL�FXUX�LQ�'XQDUH�����&XOPHD�FXUDYDVDUDLXOXL��6D�IDFD�XQ�SXULFH�SDGXFKL�ODWL�����&DUH�HVWH�FXOPHD�vQFUHGHULL�vQ�RDPHQL"�6D�L�GDL�PXLH�XQHL�FDQLEDOH�������&DUH�HVWH�FXOPHD�SXWHULL�SODPkQLORU"�6D�L�VXIOL�XQXL�EHUEHF�SH�S D�SkQD�L�VH�vQGUHDSWD�FRDUQHOH�����&XOPHD�HOHFWULFLWDWLL�6D�JkGLOL�XQ�EHF�VL�VD�UkGD�FHL�GH�OD�5(1(/������&XOPHD�WXSHXOXL�6D�WH�FDFL�OD�XQX�OD�XVD�VL�DSRL�VD�VXQL�VD�FHUL�KkUWLH�����&XOPHD�FXOPLORU�LQVROHQWHL��6D�L�VSXL�FD�QX�WL�DMXQJH�������&XOPHD�UHYDQVHL��9HFLQXO�VD�GHVFKLGD�XVD�VL�VD�WL�GHD�KkUWLH�VKPLUJHO�����&XOPHD�IULJLGLWDWLL��2UL�LQWUL��RUL�LHVL��6L�QX�WH�PDL�IRL�DWkW�����&XOPHD�GXUHULL�,��6D�IXJL�FX�SLFLRDUHOH�JRDOH�SH�R�ODPD�VL�VD�SXL�IUDQD�FX�FRD HOH�����&XOPHD�GXUHULL�,,��6D�WL�EDJL�R�XPEUHOD�vQ�FXU�VL�DSRL�VD�R�GHVFKL]L�����&XOPHD�GXUHULL�,,,��6D�WL�FUHDVFD�XQ�FRL�vQ�WDOSD�����&XOPHD�FXOPLORU�GXUHULL��6D�DL�VL�SODWIXV�����&XOPHD�SROLWHWHL��6D�vPSLQJL�R�EDED�SH�VFDUL�VL�DSRL�VD�R�vQWUHEL�GH�FH�VH�JUDEHVWH�����&XOPHD�]JRPRWXOXL��'RXD�VFKHOHWH�IDFDQG�VH[�SH�XQ�DFRSHULV�GH�WDEOD��

Page 332: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���&XOPHD�VWRPDWRORJLHL�,��6D�VFRDWD�GHQWLVWXO�GLQWLL�XQXL�SLHSWHQH�����&XOPHD�VWRPDWRORJLHL�,,��6D�WUDJD�GHQWLVWXO�OD�PDVHD�GH�XQXO�VLQJXU�FDQG�VWLH�FD�L�YLQ�SDFLHQWL�����&XOPHD�UDEGDULL�,��6D�WL�QXPHUL�IORFLL�FX�PDQXVD�GH�ER[����&XOPHD�UDEGDULL�,,��6D�VWDL�FX�XQ�RX�vQ�JXUD�FX�FXUXO�SH�SOLWD�VL�VD�DVWHSWL�VD�ILDUED�����&XOPHD�UDEGDULL�,,,��YDULDQWD���6D�VWDL�FX�IXQGXO�SH�UHVRX�SkQD�vWL�FORFRWHVWH�DSD�vQ�JXUD�����&XOPHD�UDEGDULL�,9��6D�vWL�EDJL�SX D�vQ�SDPkQW�VL�VD�DVWHSWL�VD�WL�IDFD�ODED�XQ�FXWUHPXU������&XOPHD�UDEGDUL�9��6D�DVWHSWL�XQ�WUHQ�FDUH�VWLL�FD�QX�YD�YHQL�����&XOPHD�IRDPHWHL��6D�IDFL�SkQ]D�GH�SDLDQMHQ�OD�JDXUD�FXUXOXL�����&XOPHD�PX]LFLL�SRS DUH��6D�FkQWL�R�GRLQD�OD�IOXLHUXO�SLFLRUXOXL�����&XOPHD�PX]LFLL��6D�FDQWL�OD�JXUD�VREHL����&XOPHD�vQRWXOXL��&X�R�PkQD�VD�vQRWL�VL�FX�FHDODOWD�VD�GDL�GLQ�SLFLRDUH�����&XOPHD�VDUXWXOXL�,�6D�VDUXWL�R�JXUD�GH�FDQDO�����&XOPHD�VDUXWXOXL�,,�6D�WL�VFDSL�OLPED�SH�JkWXO�SDUWHQHUHL�UXOXL������&XOPHD�VDUXWXOXL�,,,��6D�VDUXWL�GRXD�EX]H�VL�VD�UDPkL�FX�2%�XO�vQ�JXUD�����&XOPHD�FKLUXUJLHL�,��6D�VFRWL�S D�IHPHLL�GLQ�FDS�����&XOPHD�FKLUXUJLHL�,,��6D�WDL�FDSXO�S LL�VL�VD�JDVHVWL�FUHLHU�����&XOPHD�IHUWLOLWDWLL�6D�I L�R�WUkQWD�VL�VD�UDPkQD�vQVDUFLQDWD�����&XOPHD�VQRELVPXOXL�6D�OXDP�6,'$�D]L��FD�PkLQH�YRU�DYHD�WRWL�����&XOPHD�YLWH]HL�,��6D�DOHUJL�vQ�MXUXO�XQXL�VWkOS�SkQD�vWL�YH]L�VSDWHOH�����&XOPHD�YLWH]HL�,,��6D�WH�FDFL�GH�SH�XQ�EORF�WXUQ��VD�DOHUJL�MRV�VL�VD�O�SULQ]L�vQ�JXUD�����&XOPHD�YLWH]HL�,,,�6D�DOHUJL�LQ�MXUXO�XQXL�FRSDF�VL�VD�WH�I WL�LQ�FXU��

Page 333: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���&XOPHD�IRWEDOXOXL��6D�GDL�JRO�VL�VD�UDWH]L�OD�UHOXDUH�����&XOPHD�GHVKLGUDWDULL�,"�6D�VDOLYH]L�SUDI�����&XOPHD�GHVKLGUDWDULL�,,��6D�HMDFXOH]L�SXGUD�����&XOPHD�FXOPLORU�GHVKLGUDWDULL��6D�WL�LQWUH�VL�vQ�RFKL�������&XOPHD�HFRQRPLVLULL�HQHUJLHL�HOHFWULFH�6D�SXL�OD�XVD�R�WDEOLWD�SH�FDUH�VD�VFULH���1X�VXQDWL�PDL�LHV�HX�GLQ�FkQG�vQ�FkQG������&XOPHD�SDWHUQLWDWLL��6D�WL�UHFXQRVWL�FRSLOXO�GH�OD�R�SRVWD�����&XOPHD�JHRJUDILHL�,��6D�EDJL��9kUIXO�2PX��vQ��3HVWHUD�0XLHULL������&XOPHD�LPSRWHQWHL�6D�QX�WL�VH�VFRDOH�GHJHWXO�FX�FDUH�vPSLQJL�OLPED����&XOPHD�YDQDWRULL��6D�IDFL�FRFRVXO�DUPHL�VD�FkQWH�FXFXULJX����&XOPHD�VDUDFLHL��6D�WL�GXFL�SURWH[XO�OD�YXOFDQL]DW�����&XOPHD�VDUDFLHL�,,��6D�vWL�FXPSHUL�DOLPHQWH�GH�OD�VHFRQG�+$1'�����&XOPHD�VDUDFLHL�,,,��6D�vWL�FXPSHUL�KkUWLH�LJLHQLFD�GH�OD�VHFRQG�+$1'�����&XOPHD�I WDLXOXL��6D�DOHUJL�vQ�MXUXO�XQXL�SXW�6D�WL�SULQ]L�FXUXO�VD�WL�O�I L����&XOPHD�FUHGXOLWDWLL��6D�FUHDGD�R�IHPHLH�XUPDWRDUHD�DILUPDWLH�D�XQXL�WLS��'UDJD��GH�DFHHD�HVWH�DVD�PLFD�VL�PRDOH�FD�VD�QX�WH�GRDUD�������&XOPHD�IL]LFLL��6D�SDVWL�XQ�FDO�SXWHUH�SH�XQ�FkPS�PDJQHWLF����&XOPHD�DQWLJUDYLWDWLHL��6D�O�WUDJL�SH�XQXGH�SLVDW�MRV�GH�SH�EORF�����&XOPHD�VFkUEHL��6D�IDFL�EDLH�LQWU�XQ�EXWRL�FX�PXFL����&XOPHD�PkQFDUL��6D�PDQkQFL�SLHSW�GH�JDLQD�VL�VD�UDPkL�FX�VXWLHQXO�vQ�JkW�����&XOPHD�FHDVXOXL�GHVWHSWDWRU��6D�VXQH�RFXSDW�������&XOPHD�SOLFWLVHOLL6D�WH�DSXFL�GH�WXQV�RXD���&XOPHD�PHODQFROLHL�6D�FD]L�SH�JkQGXUL�GH�VD�WL�UXSL�PkQD��

Page 334: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���&XOPHD�UDLGXULORU�DHULHQH�1$72�vQ�<XJRVODYLD�3OHDFD�OD�DWDF�SDWUX�DYLRDQH�LQYL]LELOH�VL�VH�QWRUF�VDVH�����&XOPHD�]ERUXOXL��6D�]ERUL�SH�FHUXO�JXULL�������&XOPHD�QHSRWULYLULL�VH[XDOH"�6D�WL�IDFL�R�ODED�VL�VD�WL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�QX�HVWL�JHQXO�WDX�����&XOPHD�vQJKHWXOXL"�6D�L�vQJKHWH�XQHL�IHPHL�DSD�vQ�SL GD�VL�V�R�IXWL�OD�FRSFD�����&XOPHD�PDVWXUEDULL"�3XQHWL�SXWLQ�FLOLW�VL�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�IUHFDWL�GHORF�����&XOPHD�DFUHOLL��'D�L�PDJDUXOXL�VD�PDQkQFH�R�ODPkLH��VL�DSRL�VXJH�L�SX D�SkQD�WL�YLQH�DFUX�vQ�JXUD�����&XOPHD�VHQLOLWDWLL�6D�XLWL�GH�FH�LHL�SDVWLOH�GH�PHPRULH����&XOPHD�UHWXUXOXL�6D�VH�vQWRDUFD�vQDSRL�����&XOPHD�0HGLFLQHL��6D�WL�IX L�XQD�FX�FXUX�GH�SDPkQW�VL�VD�LHL�6LGD�������&XOPHD�ERJDWLHL�6D�DL�EDQL�VD�PL�SRWL�GD�VL�PLH�����&XOPHD�PL]HULHL�6D�IDFD�SXULFLL�SDGXFKL����&XOPHD�VHFHWHL��6D�DOHUJH�FRSDFLL�GXSD�FkLQL�����&XOPHD�LPSHUWLQHQWHL�,��6D�VFULL�SH�FROLYD��/D�PXOWL�DQL��������&XOPHD�LPSHUWLQHQWHL�,,�6D�WH�SULQGD�YHFLQXO�GH�OD�SDWUX�FX�QHYDVWD�VD�vQ�SDW��LDU�WX�VD�vO�vQWUHEL��$L�VD�FUH]L�FH�vWL�YDG�RFKLL��VDX�FH�R�VD�vWL�VSXQ�HX�������&XOPHD�DJULFXOWXULL�,��6D�GDL�FX�VDSD�SH�OkQJD�RJRU"����&XOPHD�DJULFXOWXULL�,,��6D�PDQkQFL�SDLH�VD�WH�FDFL�EDORWL����&XOPHD�SXWHULL��6D�WUDJL�FX�$UFXO�GH�WULXPI�����&XOPHD�QHVWLLQWHL�PHGLFDOH�OD�PHGLFL��6D�L�VSXL�PHGLFXOXL�FRQVXOWDQW�FD�QX�D�VFDXQ��LDU�DFHVWD��SROLWLFRV����VD�WL�RIHUH�XQXO�������&XOPHD�QHVWLLQWHL�PHGLFDOH�OD�SDFLHQWL��6D�O�vQWUHEL�SH�PHGLFXO�FDUH�WL�D�UHFRPDQGDW�VD�GRUPL�R�RUD�GXSD�PDVD�GDFD�QX�DU�IL�PDL�ELQH�VD�GRUPL�vQ�SDW�������&XOPHD�EXQDWDWLL��6D�FRQVROH]L�R�VDOFLH�SOkQJDWRDUH�����&XOPHD�SROLWHWLL�

Page 335: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�6D�WH�FDOFL�GLQ�QHDWHQWLH�SH�SLFLRU�VL�VD�WL�FHUL�VFX]H�������&XOPHD�JHRJUDILHL�,,��6D�GHVFKL]L�3RUWLOH�GH�)LHU�FX�&KHLOH�%LFD]XOXL�������&XOPHD�UDEGDULL��6D�DVWHSWL�XQ�FXYkQW�GH�ODXGD�GLQ�SDUWHD�VHIXOXL��������&XOPHD�LQGLIHUHQWHL��6D�ILL�SURVW�VL�VD�QX�WL�GDL�VHDPD��������&XOPHD�SURVWLHL��6D�IDFL�SH�SURVWX�VL�VD�UDPkL�DVD��������&XOPHD�JHOR]LHL��6D�ILL�JHORV�SH�UD]HOH�VRDUHOXL�FD�vWL�PkQJDLH�QHYDVWD��������&XOPHD�ODFRPLHL��6D�PDQkQFL�EDWDLH�VL�VD�QX�WH�VDWXUL��������&XOPHD�SURVWLWXWLHL�6D�VXJL�S D�FX�SDLXO������&XOPHD�YUHGQLFLHL��6D�WH�VFROL�GLPLQHDWD�vQDLQWHD�S L������&XOPHD�IHUHVWUHL�GH�GRZQORDG��0XW�XQ�SLF�IHUHDVWUD�PDL�vQWU�R�SDUWH�VL�VFDGH�EUXVF�WUDQVIHUXO�GH�GDWH��������&XOPHD�RUHL�H[DFWH��6D�SRWULYHVWL�FHDVXO�GXSD�DSDUDWXO�GH�UDGLR�VL�VD�O�XLWL�DFROR������&XOPHD�VDGLVPXOXL�6D�VFULL�SH�FROLYD��/D�PXOWL�DQL������&XOPHD�EDVFKHWXOXL��6�DOHUJL�vQ�MXUX�FRVXOXL�VL�VD�WL�IHUHVWL�FHDID������&XOPHD�SROLWHWL��6D�EDWL�OD�XVD�FkQG�LHVL�DIDUD������&XOPHD�FDVFDGRULHL��6D�WH�DUXQFL�GX�SD�EORF�VL�VD�WH�SULQ]L�GH�ERUGXUD������&XOPHD�FkQWHFXOXL��6D�VXL�R�IDWD�vQ�SRP�VL�VD�DVWHSWL�VD�vL�FkQWH�SDVDULFD������&XOPHD�SRPSLHUXOXL�6D�ILL�GHVWHSW�IRF��������&XOPHD�IXPDWRUXOXL��6D�ILL�vQGUDJRVWLW�OXOHD�����&XOPHD�EOHVWHPXOXL��6D�GHD�'XPQH]HX�VD�DL�FXUX�SOLQ�GH�EXEH�VL�PkLQLOH�SUHD�VFXUWH�FD�VD�WH�VFDUSLQL�����&XOPHD�WLUXOXL��6D�WUDJL�OD�XQ�KRWHO�����&XOPHD�KRPRVH[XDOLWDWLL��6D�WL�VH�VFRDOH�FXUXO�����&XOPHD�FXWUHPXUXOXL�,�

Page 336: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�$SHVL�SH�EXWRQ�VD�YLQD�OLIWXO��VL�YLQH�WRW�HWDMXO������&XOPHD�FXWUHPXUXOOXL�,,��6D�XUFL�FX�OLIWXO�VL�VD�FRERUL�FX�DSDUWDPHQWXO��������&XOPHD�DWOHWLVPXOXL�6D�DOHUJL�GH�XQXO�VLQJXU�VL�VD�DMXQJL�DO���OHD������&XOPHD�DWOHWLVPXOXL�,,��6D�DOHUJL�GH�XQXO�VLQJXU�VL�VD�LHVL�SH�ORFXO����SH���H�XPEUD���������&XOPHD�FXOPLORU��,���(9(5(67�����&XOPHD�FXOPLORU��,,���&XOPHD�H�FD�QLFL�HX�Q�R�VWLX���������&XOPHD�&8/0,/25�$U�IL�FXOPHD�VD�R�PDL�VWLL�VL�SH�DVWD�����5HJXOL�SHQWUX�IRORVLUHD�FHOXODUXOXL(VWH�IRDUWH�OD�PRGD�vQ�]LXD�GH�D]L�7H�DIOL�vQ�WUHQ��vQWU�XQ�ORFDO��vQ�PLMORFXO�XQHL�GLVFXWLL��SH�VWUDGD�VDX�SXU�VL�VLPSOX�vQFHUFL�VD�DL�SXWLQD�OLQLVWH��WH�GHUDQMHD]D�XQWkUkLW�IRDUWH�HQHUYDQW�FDUH�YLQH�GH�OD�XQ�DSDUDW�IRDUWH�PLF�(VWH�&(/8/$58/���+DL�VD�SXQHP�SXWLQD�EHQ]LQD�vQ�IRF�FX�XUPDWRDUHOH�UHJXOL�SHQWUX�IRORVLUHD�FRUHFWD�D�FHOXODUXOXL���5HJXOD�QU�����'DFD�QX�DL�vQFD�XQ�FHOXODU��SRWL�FkVWLJD�vQ�LPSRUWDQWD�FXPSDUkQGX�WL�XQXO��1XPDUXO�VXFFHVHORU�vQ�YLDWD�WD�YDFUHVWH�IDUD�vQGRLDOD���'DFD� WH� DVH]L� OD� R�PDVD� vQWU�XQ� ORF� SXEOLF�� QX� XLWD� FHOXODUXO� vQ� JHDQWD� VDX� vQ� EX]XQDU�� 3XQH�O� vQWRWGHDXQD� SH� PDVD� ODYHGHUH��$VD�SRWL�VD�WL�FkVWLJL�PDL�PXOW�UHVSHFW���9RUEHVWH�OD�FHOXODU�vQWRWGHDXQD�FODU�WDUH�VL�UDVSLFDW��&HL�GLPSUHMXU�DX�VL�HL�GUHSWXO�VD�DXGD�FHHD�FH�VH�GLVFXWD���'DFD�PRGHOXO�FHOXODUXOXL�vWL�SHUPLWH��DOHJH�SHQWUX�VRQHULD�DFHVWXLD�XQ�WRQ�FDUH�VXQD�FkW�PDL�FRORUDW��$VWIHO�WH�SRWL�IDFH�PDLELQH�VL�PDL�UHSHGH�UHPDUFDW���'DFD�DX]L�XQ�WkUkLW� vQ�DSURSLHUH�QX�WH�ODVD�LQWLPLGDW�GH�IDSWXO�FD�DU�SXWHDD�VD�ILH�FHOXODUXO�DOWXLD��3XQH�PkQD�LPHGLDW�SHFHOXODUXO�WDX�VD�YH]L�GDFD�WX�HVWL�SHUVRDQD�VXQDWD��$UDWD�DVWIHO�FD�VL�WX�DL�FHOXODU���'DFD�FHOXODUXO�VXQD�vQ�WLPS�FH�HVWL�VLQJXU�SRWL�OLQLVWLW�VD�O�LJQRUL��$U�IL�SLHUGHUH�GH�WLPS�VD�UDVSXQ]L��$WkWD�WLPS�FkW�QX�WHYHGH�QLPHQL�QX�SRWL�DUDWD�FkW�HVWL�GH�LPSRUWDQW���,D�PDVXUL� VD� IRORVHVWL� vQWRWGHDXQD� vQFDSHUL� DGHFYDWH� SHQWUX� FD� SDUWHQHUXO� GH� GLVFXWLL� VD� DLEH� R� DXGLWLH� IRDUWH� EXQD�� 'HH[HPSOX��PX]HH��ELVHULFL��ELEOLRWHFL��VDOL�GH�DVWHSWDUH��VDOL�GH�VSLWDO�����'DFD�GLQ�vQWkPSODUH� WH�DIOL� vQ�DYLRQ�QX�EDJD�GH�VHDPD�VWHZDUGHVHOH�FDUH�vWL�UHFRPDQGD�VD�QX�IRORVHVWL�FHOXODUXO��$FHVWHIHPHL�VXQW�GRDU�LQYLGLRDVH�SHQWUX�FD�QX�vVL�SRW�SHUPLWH�VL�HOH�XQ�FHOXODU���2� DOWD� VXSHUVWLWLH�� WHOHIRQDWXO� vQ� WLPS� FH� FRQGXFL� DXWRPRELOXO� DGXFH� QHQRURF�� 1X� H� DGHYDUDW�� ÌWL� SRWL� DQWUHQD� DVWIHOGLVWULEXWLD�DWHQWLHL�VL�PLVFDULORU�DVXSUD�PDL�PXOWRU�OXFUXUL��8Q�SLF�GH�vQGHPkQDUH�QX�SRDWH�GDXQD�QLPDQXL����3RDUWD�FHOXODUXO�GH�SUHIHULQWD�OD�FLQJDWRDUH��+XVD�H�GH�SUHIHUDW�VD�DLEH�FXORUL�YLL�FDUH�VDU�vQ�RFKL��&HO�PDL�ELQH�QHRQ����'DFD�WH�GHSODVH]L�VL�DL�vQWU�R�PkQD�R�JHDQWD�GLSORPDW�SRWL�FRQWDEDODQVD�JUHXWDWHD�DFHVWHLD�SXUWkQG�FHOXODUXO��FD�R�EUDWDUD�OD�vQFKHLHWXUD�PkLQLL�FHOHODOWH����ÌQDLQWH� GH� D� UDVSXQGH� OD� WHOHIRDQH� VSXQH� FX� YRFH� WDUH�� �/D� GUDFX�� QLFL� DLFL� QX� SRW� VD� DP� OLQLVWH��� VDX� SHQWUX� SXWLQDVFKLPEDUH��,QFDSDELOLL��1X�VXQW�vQ�VWDUH�VD�LD�QLFL�R�KRWDUkUH�IDUD�0,1(�����1X�WH�ODVD�LQWLPLGDW�GH�IDSWXO�FD�FHL�GLQ�MXU�DIOD�PXOWH�OXFUXUL�GHVSUH�YLDWD�WD�LQWLPD�vQ�WLPS�FH�YRUEHVWL�OD�FHOXODU��$VWD�HOD�PRGD��8Q�EXQ�H[HPSOX�vQ�DFHVW�VHQV�VXQW�FLIUHOH�PDUL�GH�WHOHVSHFWDWRUL�OD�WDONVKRZ�XUL����'DFD�DL�R�vQWkOQLUH�LPSRUWDQWD��GH�DIDFHUL��VDX�FKLDU�FX�R�IHPHLH��YRUEHVWH�FX�FLQHYD�VD�WH�VXQH�vQ�DFHVW�WLPS�OD�FHOXODU�VDXSURJUDPHD]D�DSDUDWXO�VD�VXQH�OD�RUD�UHVSHFWLYD��ÌQWkOQLUHD�YD�DYHD�DVWIHO�VXFFHVXO�VFRQWDW����&kQG�HVWL�VLQJXU�SRWL�VD�vWL�GH]DFWLYH]L�FHOXODUXO��7HOHIRDQHOH�FDUH�OH�DL�SULPLW�vQ�DFHVW�WLPS�SRWL�VD�OH�DVFXOWL�vQ�WLPS�FH�WHDIOLL�vQ�VRFLHWDWH�

Page 337: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

3ULQ�GHVHUW��'RL�RDPHQL�VWDX�vQ�GHVHUW��=LFH�XQXO��'D�WH�SXWLQ�OD�R�SDUWH��$V�YUHD�VD�VWDX�VL�HX�FX�IXQGXO�SH�QLVLS�����'RL�WLSL�PHUJ�SULQ�GHVHUW��8QXO�]LFH��/DVD�PD�VL�SH�PLQH�VD�PHUJ�vQ�PLMRF������7UHL�RDPHQL�vPEUDFDWL�ELQH�vQ�PLMORFXO�GHVHUWXOXL�PHUJHDX���Ì�6WL�EDQFXO"""""""""""""""""""5�1LFL�HX�GDU�vPL�SODFH�vQFHSXWXO��'RXD�ILUH�GH�QLVLS�PHUJ�SULQ�GHVHUW��=LFH�XQXO��%D��HX�FUHG�FD�DLFL�H�R�GHPRQVWUDWLH������&LFD�XQ�WLS�PHUJHD�FX�PRWRFLFOHWD�SULQ�GHVHUW�VL�L�FDP�VFkUWLLD�VDXD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YHGH�vQ�GHSDUWDUH�R�OXPLQLWD�VL�VL]LFH�FD�Q�DU� IL� UDX�VD� WUDJD�SHVWH�QRDSWH�DFROR�VD�VH� UHIDFD�VL�VD�SOHFH�D�GRXD�]L� vQ�]RUL��$VD�FD� VH�GXFH� VL�EDWH� OD�SRDUWD�RDPHQLL�vO�SULPHVF�FX�LQLPD�GHVFKLVD�VL�vO�SRIWHVF�OD�PDVD��$FROR�ORFXLD�R�XQ�VRW�FX�VRWLD�VL�FX�ILLFD��ÌQ�WLPSXO�PHVHL��VRWXO�vLVSXQH�FD�HL�DX�XQ�RELFHL�DO�FDVHL��&DUH�YRUEHVWH�SULPXO�GXSD�PDVD�VSDOD�YDVHOH�'XSD�FH�WHUPLQD�GH�PkQFDW��FH�VL�]LFH�PRWRFLFOLVWXO��$VWLD�WRW�QX�SRW�]LFH�QLPLF��DVD�FD�FH�DU�IL�V�R�I W�SH�IDWD�DVWXLD��FD�Q�DP�PDL�I W�GH�PXOWLVRU�$VD�FD�VH�DSXFD�WLSXO�VL�R�I H�SH�JDJLFD��3DULQWLL�QX�]LFHDX�QLPLF��'XSD�FH�VH�UHIDFH�HO�SXWLQ��vVL�]LFH��3DUFD�QHYDVWD�DVWXLD�QX�DUDWD�UDX�GH�ORF��LD�VD�R�I W�VL�SH�HD�2�I H�HO�SkQD�VH�VDWXUD��LDU�VRWXO�VL�FX�ILLFD�QX�]LFHDX�QLPLF��$FXP�GDFD�WRW�VH�VDWXUDVH�GH�I W��VH�KRWDUDVWH�VD�VH�GXFDDIDUD�VL�VD�VL�XQJD�VDXD�GH�OD�PRWRFLFOHWD�FDUH�VFLUWLLD��$VD�FD�VL�VFRDWH�FXWLD�FX�YDVHOLQD�GLQ�JHDQWD�VL�GD�VD�SOHFH��/D�FDUHVRWXO��%LQH�PD��KDL�FD�VSDO�HX�YDVHOH�����&DOGXUD�PDUH����8Q�RP�HUD�VLQJXU�SULQ�GHVHUW�vQVHWDW����$SD����$SD����$SD���/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YHGH�R�FDVD��,QWUD�UHSHGH�VL�JDVHVWH�DFROR�XQ�EDUEDW�VL�R�IHPHLH�OD�PDVD�VH�XLWDX�XQXO�OD�DOWXO��2PX�QRVWUXvL�vQWUHDED��3RW�VD�EHDX�SXWLQD�DSD"1LFL�XQ�UDVSXQV��6H�DSXFD�RPX�VL�EHD�DSD�SkQD�VH�VDWXUD��3RW�VD�PDQkQF�VL�HX"1LFL�XQ�UDVSXQV��0DQkQFD�SkQD�QX�PDL�UDPkQH�QLPLF�SH�PDVD��$FXP�VDWXO�vL�YLQH�FKHIXO�GH�IHPHLH����3RW�VD�WL�LDX�SXWLQ�QHYDVWD"1LFL�XQ�UDVSXQV��2PX�QRVWUX�vVL�IDFH�VL�GDPEODXD�DVWD�VL�SOHDFD��&kQG�HUD�vQ�XVD�vO�DXGH�SH�EDUEDWXO�GLQ�FDVD�]LFkQG�FDWUHQHYDVWD��1X�WL�H�UXVLQH�FXUYR"'DU�HD���$L�YRUELW�SULPX��GXFL�JXQRLX���&LFD�HUD�XQX�FDUH�PHUJHD�SULQ�GHVHUW�GH�FLWHYD�]LOH��HFKLSDW�FX�RFKHODUL�VL�ODEH�GH�VFDIDQGUX��6L�FXP�PHUJHD�HO�DVD��VIkUVLWGH�VHWH�VL�GH�IRDPH��GH�DELD�VH�PDL�WkUD��VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�XQ�EHGXLQ�SH�R�FDPLOD��ÌO�vQWUHDED��1X�YD�VXSDUDWL��FkW�PDL�H�SkQD�OD�RFHDQ"�3DL��VD�PDL�WRW�ILH�YUHR�����GH�NLORPHWUL���/D�FDUH�RPXO�UDEXIQHVWH�FX�QDGXI��6D�YD�LD�GUDFX�FX�SODMD�YRDVWUD�FX�WRW���8Q�HXURSHDQ�UDWDFLW� vQ�6DKDUD�VH�PLVFD� WRW�PDL�JUHX��GXSD� WUHL� ]LOH�GH� VHWH� VL� FDQLFXOD�FXPSOLWD��GH�DELD�VH� WkUDVWH��'H�RGDWD�L�VH�vQIDWLVHD]D�SULYLULORU�vQFHWRVDWH�R�VLOXHWD�VWUDQLH��3DUH�XQ�RP�vQ�FDUQH�VL�RDVH��$SD��6RSWHVWH�FDODWRUXO�UDWDFLW��1X�SRW�GHFDW�VD�WL�GDX�R�FUDYDWD��VXQD�UDVSXQVXO��DWDW�GH�QDXFLWRU�&HO�UDWDFLW�VH�WDUDVWH�PDL�GHSDUWH��SDQD�FDQG����PLQXQH��8Q�UHVWDXUDQW�OX[RV�UDVDUH�GLQ�GHVHUW��IDFkQGX�O�SH�vQVHWDW�VD�VH�ULGLFHVL��FX�XOWLPHOH�SXWHUL��VD�VH�QDSXVWHDVFD�VSUH�LQWUDUH��/D�XVD��vQVD��XQ�FHUEHU�JDORQDW�vO�RSUHVWH�EUXWDO��6WRS��7LQXWD�REOLJDWRULH��)DUD�FUDYDWD��QX�VH�LQWUD���'RL� WHOHIRQLVWL�PRQWDX�R� OLQLH� WHOHIRQLFD�SULQ�GHVHUW��3H�FHO�GH� MRV� vO� vQWHDSD�XQ� VFRUSLRQ� vQ�S D��&HO�GH�SH� VWkOS� OHDJDUHSHGH�XQ�WHOHIRQ�OD�OLQLH�VL�FHUH�XQ�GRFWRU��&HO�GH�SH�VWkOS��'RFWRUH�FROHJXO�PHX�D�IRVW�vQWHSDW�GH�XQ�VFRUSLRQ��FH�VD�IDF"

Page 338: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

'RFWRUXO��ÌQ�WUXVD�PHGLFDOD�vQ�VWkQJD�HVWH�R�VWLFOXWD��6D�EHD�FRQWLQXWXO�&HO�GH�MRV��&H�D�]LV�PD"&HO�GH�SH�VWkOS��$�VSXV�FD�vQ�WUXVD�PHGLFDOD�vQ�VWkQJD�HVWH�R�VWLFOXWD��EHD�FRQWLQXWXO��1X�HVWH�QLFL�R�VWLFOXWD�&HO�GH�SH�VWkOS��'RFWRUH�QX�HVWH�QLFL�R�VWLFOXWD��$WXQFL�HVWH�R�DOLILH�PDUR��6D�VH�XQJD�FX�HD�&HO�GH�MRV��&H�D�]LV�PD"&HO�GH�SH�VWkOS��$�]LV�VD�WH�GDL�FX�DOLILD�DLD�PDUR��1X�HVWH�QLFL�R�DOLILH��'RFWRUH�QX�HVWH�QLFL�R�DOLILH�'RFWRUXO��$WXQFL�WUH�VD�VXJHWL�ORFXO�XQGH�D�IRVW�vQWHSDW�&HO�GH�MRV��&H�D�]LV�PD"&HO�GH�SH�VWkOS��$�]LV�FD�PRUL����8Q�EHGXLQ�vQ�GHVHUW���1X�L�PDL�PHUJHD�GURPDGHUXO��9HGH�R�ILUPD�6(59,&(�'520$'(5�'RP�PHFDQLF��QX�PDL�PHUJH�FDPLOD��1X�L�QLPLF��XUFDWL�R�SH�UDPSD�0HFDQLFX�LD�GRXD�FDUDPL]L��SULQGH�FRDLHOH�GURPDGHUXOXL�VL����'RP�PHFDQLF��HX�FXP�PDL�SULQG�FDPLOD"�8UFD�SH�UDPSD����0HUJHDX�GRL�WLSL�SULQ�GHVHUW��XQX�FDUD�LQ�VSDWH�R�ELFLFOHWD�VL�DOWX�R�FDELQD�WHOHIRQLFD��&HO�FX�FDELQD�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�FDUL�PD�ELFLFOHWD�DVWD�GXSD�WLQH"�&kQG�YLQ�EHGXLQLL�PD�VXL�SH�HD�VL�IXJ�FkW�SRW��'D�WX�GH�FH�FDUL�FDELQD�WHOHIRQLFD"�&kQG�YLQ�EHGXLQLL�DUXQF�FDELQD�FD�VD�IXJ�PDL�UHSHGH��������GH�EHGXLQL�vQVHWDWL�vQ�GHVHUW��9DG�R�IkQWkQD��$SDDDDD������,HVH�XQX�H[WD]LDW�GLQ�IkQWDQD��8QGH""������*HRUJHVFX�PHUJHD�vQWU�R�]L�SULQ�GHVHUW�����H[WUHP�GH�SOLFWLVLWRDUH�DFWLYLWDWH�����LQHYLWDELO�L�VH�IDFH�VHWH��9DL�'RDPQH��FH�PD�IDF��vPL�HVWH�IRDUWH�VHWH��QL�DP�QLFL�R�VDQVD��DMXWD�PD�WH�URJ��WH�URJ��WH�URJ����ÌQ�FXOPHD�GH]QDGHMGLL��vL�DSDUH�vQ�IDWD�R�WLSD�vQWU�XQ�YRDO�IRDUWH�GLVFUHW��FDUH�vL�]LFH��&H�PDL�IDFL�*HRUJHVFXOH��DP�LPSUHVLD�FD�vWL�HVWH�FDP�VHWH��QX�L�DVD"�(YLGHQW��GDU�WX�FLQH�HVWL"�(X�VLQW�=kQD�WD�EXQD�*HRUJHVFXOH��VL�SRW�VD�WL�vQGHSOLQHVF�RULFH�GRULQWD�7RWDO�vQFXUFDW�VL�QHYHQLQGX�L�VD�VL�FUHDGD�VLPWXULORU��*HRUJHVFX�DELD�DSXFD�VD�]LFD��0L�H�VHWH�UDX�GH�WRW���=kQD�]LFH��*HRUJHVFX��GDFD� WUDJL� R� EDVLQD� VL� VSXOEHUL� GXQD� DFHHD�GH� QLVLS� GLQ� IDWD� WD�� YHL� DYHD� GH� EDXW� ���FH� QLFL�PDFDU� QX� DL� YLVDWYUHRGDWD�ÌQFXUFDW��*HRUJHVFX�VH�SOkQJH�FD�QX�HVWH�VWDSkQ�SH�SURSULLOH�SXWHUL��FD�QX�VWLH�FXP�VD�IDFD�FKHVWLD�DVWD��FD�QX�SRDWH�VL�vQFHSHVD�SOkQJD�FD�YD�PXUL�GH�VHWH����$WXQFL�]kQD�vO�vQYDWD�FXP�FD�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH�vQFUH]DWRU�vQ�SURSULLOH�SXWHUL�VL�DSWLWXGLQL��VL�FXP�FDGRDU�FX�XQ�SXF�GH�WHKQLFD��HVWH�DEVROXW�LPSRVLELO�VD�QX�UHXVHDVFD����8LWH�*HRUJHVFXOH�� WH� DVH]L� vQ� SDWUX� ODEH�� FX� VSDWHOH� OD� GXQD�� WH� FRQFHQWUH]L� DVXSUD� WLQWHL�� QX�WL� IDFL� SUHD� PDUL� SUREOHPHUHIHULWRU�OD�PLMORDFH�VL�PDL�DOHV�DVXSUD�UH]XOWDWHORU��VL������R�WUDJL�)DUD�SXWHUH�GH�FRPHQWDULX��SUHJDWLW� SVLKRORJLF�� vQFUH]DWRU� vQ� SURSULLOH� IRUWH��*HRUGHVFX� VH� DVHD]D� vQ� SDWUX� ODEH�� WRSDLH�GHGRXD�RUL�SH�SLFLRUXO� VWkQJ�� GH�GRXD�RUL� SH�GUHSWXO� VL� ���FkQG� VH� vQWRDUFH���� FD� GXSD�R� IXUWXQD�GH�QLVLS�� YHGH� R�PDVD� VXE�RXPEUHOD��SOLQD�FX�VDPSDQLH��ZKLVN\��VLIRQ��JKLDWD��FRFD�FROD��ODSWH��FLWURQDGD�����DEVROXW�WRW�FH�WL�SRWL�LPDJLQD��6L�EHD��VL�EHDSkQD�vVL�IDFH�SOLQXO����6WD�XQ�SLF�VL�]LFH��+HL��]kQD�EXQD��=kQD�EXQD��XQGH�HVWL"6L�DSDUH�GLQ�QRX�=kQD��&H�vWL�GRUHVWL�*HRUJHVFXOH��6XQW�=kQD�WD�EXQD�VL�VXQW�OD�GLVSR]LWLD�WD��&DUH�WL�HVWH�GRULQWD"

Page 339: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�3DL��=kQD�EXQD����GXSD�DWkWD�EDXWXUD��PL�V�D�FDP�IDFXW�XQ�SLF�IRDPH����6LPSOX�*HRUJHVFXOH��XLWH�YH]L�WX�GXQD�DLD�GH�QLVLS�FHYD�PDL�vQFROR"�6SXOEHU�R��VL�QX�YHL�UHJUHWD��6WLL�GHMD�FXP��2.��]LFH�*HRUJHVFX��vQFUH]DWRU�vQ�SURSULLOH�L�SXWHUL�VL�DSWLWXGLQL��VWDSkQ�GHMD�SH�WHKQLFD�6H�DVHD]D�vQ�SDWUX�ODEH��WRSDLH�GH�FLQFL�RUL�SH�VWkQJXO��GH�FLQFL�RUL�SH�GUHSWXO��VH�FRQFHQWUHD]D�����VL�L�GD�GUXPXO��6H�QWRDUFH�VL�������vQ�VSDWHOH�OXL�YHGH�R�SHUGHD�GH�QLVLS�VSXOEHUDW�FDUH�WRFPDL�VH�DVWHUQHD�����DSRL�YHGH�R�PDVD�SOLQD�FX�ID]DQL��SXUFHL�GHODSWH�FX�ODPkLH�vQ�JXUD��FRWOHWH��SHULVRDUH��FKLIWHOH��0F'RQDOGV��SL]]D��SDVWD�VL�PXOWH�PXOWH�DOWHOH��6L�PL�VH�SXQH�*HRUJHVFXSH�PkQFDW�VL�EDXW�SkQD�JDWD�VD�SOHVQHDVFD��ÌVL�DSULQGH�XQ�WUDEXF�FXEDQH]��VL�VDYXUkQGX�O��FKHDPD�=kQD��=kQD�EXQD��=kQD�EXQD�XQGH�HVWL"�6XQW�DLFL�*HRUJHVFX��VXQW�DLFL��&DUH�HVWH�GRULQWD�WD�PkQFDWL�DVL"�3DL����FXP�VD�VSXQ�=kQD�EXQD������DP�EDXW��DP�PkQFDW����DFXP�IXPH]����QX�FXPYD�VWLL�SH�FLQHYD�FDUH�DU�YUHD�VD���VWLL�WX���QX"��3DL�*HRUJHVFXOH��HX�FH�VXQW"���HX�SRW�VD�WL�vQGHSOLQHVF�DEVROXW�RULFH�GRULQWD��DFHDVWD�HVWH�PHQLUHD�PHD����VL� =kQD� vQFHSH� VD�VL� GHD� OD� R� SDUWH� WUDQVSDUHQWHOH� YRDOXUL� VL� FKLORWLL� vQ� ULWPXO� XQHL� PX]LFL� VHGXFDWRDUH�� DPDJLWRDUH���*HRUJHVFX�VLPWH�XQ�JKLRQWH�DVFXWLW�vQWUH�FRDVWH�VL�DXGH�GLQ�SDUWHD�VD�GUHDSWD��%LQH�PDL�*HRUJHVFXOH��GRUPL�vQ�VHGLQWD��DVWD�QX�L�PDUH�OXFUX��GDU�GXSD�FH�QH�DL�EDVLW�VHGLQWD�GH�GRXD�RUL�DFXP�YUHL�VD�VFRWLVL�S D�OD�GLUHFWRU"������ÌQ�PLMORFXO�XQXL�GHVHUW����VRDUH����WRURSHDOD����QLFL�XQ�SLF�GH�XPH]HDOD��8Q�FkLQH�PHUJHD�DJDOH��FDXWkQG�VL�HO�XQ�ORF�XQGH�VDVWHD�OD�XPEUD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW��FkLQHOH�DXGH�XQ�]JRPRW�vQ�VSDWH��6H�XLWD�VL�YHGH�DOW�FkLQH�FDUH�DOHUJD�GLVSHUDW����&D�RULFH�FkLQHFH�VH�UHVSHFWD��FkLQHOH�QRVWUX�VH�OXD�VL�HO�GXSD�FHO�FH�DOHUJD����6L�DVWIHO�DOHDUJD�FHL�GRL�FvLQL�R�]L�vQWUHDJD����'HVKLGUDWDW�VL�PRUWGH�RERVHDOD��VDWXUkQGX�VH�GH�DWkWD�DOHUJDW��FkLQHOH�QRVWUX�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�FHODODOW��ÌPL�VSXL�VL�PLH�GH�FH�DOHUJDP�QRL�FD�]DSDFLWLL"/D�FDUH�DODODOW��1X�VWLX�GH�FH�DOHUJL�WX��GDU�HX�GDFD�QX�JDVHVF�PDL�UHSHGH�XQ�FRSDF��PD�WHP�FD�IDF�SH�PLQH������5DPkQH�XQXO�vQ�SDQD�vQ�GHVHUW��6L�Q�DYHD�SRPSD��6H�XLWD�HO�vQ�]DUH��QXPDL�GXQH�GH�QLVLS��9HGH�R�OXPLQLWD�KDW��GHSDUWH��6HJkQGHVWH��$FROR�H�R�FDVD��*DWD��PD�GXF�OD�HO�VD�L�FHU�SRPSD�2�LD�OD�SLFLRU�VL�PHUJH��PHUJH�����6L�GDFD�QX�YUHD�VD�PL�R�GHD�"�1X�L�QLPLF��vL�SODWHVF��WUHEXLH�VD�PL�GHD�SRPSD�6L�PHUJH��PHUJH�����6L�GDFD�WRWXVL�QX�YUHD�"�1X�L�QLPLF��vL�GDX�GXEOX��WULSOX��vL�GDX�FkW�YUHD��WUHEXLH�VD�PL�GHD�SRPSD�6L�PHUJH��PHUJH�����6L�GDFD�YUHD�VD�L�GDX�WRW�FH�DP�"�1X�L�QLPLF��vL�GDX�WRW��QXPDL�VD�PL�GHD�SRPSD��WUHEXLH�VD�PL�GHD�SRPSD�0DL�PHUJH��PDL�PHUJH�����6L�GDFD�R�V�R�YUHD�VL�SH�QHYDVWD�PHD�"�1X�L�QLPLF��L�R�GDX�VL�SH�HD��QXPDL�VD�PL�GHD�SRPSD��QX�VH�SRDWH�VD�QX�PL�R�GHD�0HUJH��PHUJH�����6L�GDFD�QX�PL�R�GD�"�6D�YH]L�FD�QX�PL�GD�SRPSD��DIXULVLWX��Q�R�VD�PL�GHD�SRPSD��PDPD�OXL�GH����$MXQJH�OD�FDVD��GHVFKLGH�XVD��LQWUD�VL��$X]L�ED�"�0D�SLV�SH�SRPSD�WD��EDL����8Q�RUDVHDQ�VL�D�YL]LWDW�YDUXO�FDUH�ORFXLD�vQ�GHVHUWXO�$UL]RQD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�DFHVWD�DXGH�XQ�XUOHW��&H�L�DVWD"�1LPLF��FRLRWLL��'DU�FH�V�FRLRWLL"�1LVWH�FkLQL�VDOEDWLFL��6L�GH�FH�XUOD�vQ�KDOXO�DVWD"�3DL��SH�OD�QRL�QX�FUHVF�SRPL��QXPDL�FDFWXVL����&DOGXUD�PDUH���&DUDYDQD�WUHFH�vFHW�SULQWUH�GXQH��ÌQWU�R�YDOH��XQ�&DGLOODF�XOWLPXO�WLS�DUH�FDSRWD�GH�OD�PRWRU�ULGLFDWD��'LQDXWRWXULVP�LHVH�R�EORQGD�VXSHUED�FDUH�VH�DGUHVHD]D�SULPXOXL�EHGXLQ��'RPQXO�PHX��DMXWD�PD��0L�V�D�VWULFDW�PDVLQD��3DL���1X�PD�SULFHS���'DU�H�OD�FRDGD�FDUDYDQHL�XQXO��$OL��FDUH�D�IDFXW�VWXGLLOH�vQ�5RPkQLD�VL�SRDWH����&KHDPD�O�vQFRDFH��VSXQH�EORQGD�DELD�DX]LW�'LQ�JXUD�vQ�JXUD��VH�WUDQVPLWH�PHVDMXO�VL�$OL�YLQH�vQ�IDWD��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW"�'RPQXO�PHX��vPL�UHSDUL�PDVLQD"�(X���9�R�UHSDU���'DU�VWLWL"�1RL��WUHL]HFL�GH�EHGXLQL��SH�WUHL]HFL�GH�FDPLOH���2�VXWD�GH�QHYHVWH�DX�UDPDV�DFDVD���VL�QRL���GH�WUHLVDSWDPkQL�vQ�GHVHUW����1X�WL�H�UXVLQH��SRUFXOH��VD�LQVLQXH]L�DVD�FHYD"�$OWIHO�QX�YD�UHSDU�PDVLQD��%LQH��GDU�FX�R�FRQGLWLH��YD�SXQ�OD�WRWL�SUH]HUYDWLYH���'DU�QX�OH�VFRDWHWL��MXUDWL�SH�$ODK�FD�QX�OH�VFRDWHWL��1X�YUHDX�VD�UDPkQJUHD�VDX�VD�LDX�6,'$��(X�VXQW�IHPHLH�VHULRDVD��FDVDWRULWD�

Page 340: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

$IDFHUHD�VH�vQFKHLH��$OL�UHSDUD�PDVLQD�VL��GXSD�XQ�WLPS��SOHDFD�ILHFDUH�vQ�WUHDED�OXL��'XSD�WUHL�]LOH��$FHODVL�GHVHUW��$FHHDVLFDUDYDQD�7UHL]HFL�GH�EHGXLQL��YHU]L�OD�IDWD��FX�EXUWLOH�XPIODWH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��vQ�FRDGD�FDUDYDQHL��$OL�ULGLFD�RFKLL�FDWUH�FHU��)LH�FH�R�IL���5DPkQH���QX�UDPkQH�JUHD��HX�WRW�WUHEXLH�VD�IDF�SLSL������3ULQ� GHVHUW�� QLVLS�� FDOGXUD�� IDWD� PRUJDQD�� %D� QX�� $SDUDWXO� GLQ� IDWD� OXL� %XOD� H� UHDO�� 0DL� PXOW� DUH�� VL� LQVWUXFWLXQL� GHXWLOL]DUH��&8� 81� '2/$5�� '$&$� 9$� ,1752'8&(7,� 6(;8/� /$� /2&8/� ,1',&$7�� 9(7,� $9($� 6(1=$7,$� 818,&217$&7�6(;8$/�&203/(7��'DU�%XOD�Q�DUH�GHFkW�R�PRQHGD�GH����FHQWL��2�PHUJH�VL�DVWD��vVL�]LVH�HO��LQWURGXFkQGX�VL�PDGXODUXO�vQ�RULILFLXO�IHUPHFDW��(URDUH�8Q�XUOHW�VIkVLH�OLQLVWHD�SXVWLXOXL��vQ�WLPS�FH�SH�HFUDQ�DSDUH�LQVFULSWLD��'(����&(17,��$6&87,0�&5(,2$1(�����8Q�DUDE�PHUJHD�SULQ�GHVHUW��LDU�OD�����P�vQ�IDWD�OXL�PHUJHD�QHYDVWD�VD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�vL�DSDUH�vQ�IDWD�$OODK�VL�vL�]LFH��%D��FkQG�DP�VFULV�HX�&RUDQXO��DP�VSXV�FD�EDUEDWXO�WUHEXLH�VD�PHDUJD�vQ�IDWD�IHPHLL�VL�QX�LQYHUV�/D�FDUH�DUDEXO��'D�EUH��GD�FkQG�DL�VFULV�WX�&RUDQXO�QX�VH�LQYHQWDVH�PLQD�DQWLLQIDQWHULH����&LFD�PHUJHDX�GRL�SULQ�GHVHUW��OLKQLWL�GH�IRDPH��VL�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�GDX�GH�XQ�UHVWDXUDQW��6H�GXF�HL�DFROR�VL�O�vQWUHDED�SHRVSDWDU�FDUH�L�VSHFLDOLWDWHD�FDVHL��$VWD�FLFD��)HOX��QWkL��VXSD�GH�%DOXED��)HOX�GRL��7RFDQLWD�GH�%DOXED�0DQkQFD�DVWLD�SH�VDWXUDWH�VL�SH�XUPD�vO�FKHDPD�SH�RVSDWDU��'RPQH��XQ�:&�XQGH�JDVLP�SDFL"$OD�FLFD��&H�:&�GRPOH��WH�GXFL�vQ�WXILV��VFRWL�%DOXED�VL�WH�SLVL������8Q�SRSD�H�VLQJXU�FXF�vQ�GHVHUW�FkQG�GRL�OHL�YLQ�vQ�JRDQD�VSUH�HO�FX�LQWHQWLD�YDGLWD�GH�D�O�PkQFD��3RSD�PDL�DSXFD�VD�]LFD��'RDPQH�SXQH�PkQD�SH�OHL�DFHVWLD��DGD�L�SH�FDOHD�FHD�GUHDSWD�VL�ID�L�HYODYLRVL��GXSD�FDUH�OHVLQD���7UH]LQGX�VH�QX�L�YLQH�VD�VL�FUHDGD�RFKLORU��OHLL�VWDX�OkQJD�HO�FX�ODEHOH�vPSUHXQDWH�VL�]LF��9LQR�,VXVH�VL�ELQHFXYkQWHD]D�RVSDWXO�FDUH�QL�O�DL�SURPLV�������8Q�EHGXLQ�PHUJHD�SULQ�GHVHUW�VL�L�HUD�WDUH�IRDPH��OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YHGH�R�JUDPDGD�PDUH�GH�SLUHX��VDUH�EDLDWXO�SH�HD�VL�RKDOHVWH�UHSHGH��0DL�PHUJH�HO�vQFD�R�]L�IRDPHD�LDU�vO�DMXQJH�GLQ�XUPD�FkQG�GHRGDWD�YHGH�R�JUDPDGD�GH�SLUHX�OD�IHO�FD�]LXDWUHFXWD��QHKDOL�FXP�HUD�WDEDUHVWH�SH�HD��0DL�PHUJH�HO�LDU�R�]L�VL�OD�IHO�FX�IRDPHD�vQ�JkW�LVL�DGXFH�DPLQWH�FX�SODFHUH�GH�]LOHOHWUHFXWH� FH� QRURF� D� DYXW� FX� DFHOH� JUDPH]L� GH� vVL� SRWROHD� IRDPHD�� FkQG� FROR� FH� FUHGHWL� FD� YHGH�� R� FDPLOD� FXP� vVL� VWRUFHDFRVXULOH����&LFD�XQ�WLS�PHUJHD�SULQ�GHVHUW�VL�HUD�ELQHLQWHOHV�PRUW�GH�IRDPH�VL�GH�VHWH��'HRGDWD�YHGH�vQ�GHSDUWDUH�R�FROLED�VL�vL�GD�ELFHVD�DMXQJD�DFROR��&kQG�DMXQJH�VL�VWULJD�OD�SRDUWD��UDPkQH�FX�JXUD�FDVFDWD�VL�FX�RFKLL�KROEDWL��GHRDUHFH�DSDUH�R�JDJLFD�EHVWLDOD�vQWU�XQ�FDSRW�GH�QRDSWH�DSURDSH�WUDQVSDUHQW��EORQGD��FX�VkQL�PDUL��VL�WRDWH�FHOH��*DJLXO�SH�EkMELLWH�vQFHSH�VD�L�vQGUXJH�FD�YUHDVL�HO�VD�ILH�JD]GXLW�DFROR�SHVWH�QRDSWH��GDU�WLSD�vL�VSXQH�FD�HVWH�FDP�GLILFLO�GHRDUHFH�HD�DUH�XQ�VRW�VL�FD�GHVL�QX�O�D�PDL�YD]XWGH�DSURDSH�XQ�DQ��vL�HVWH�IULFD�VD�QX�YLQD�SHVWH�QRDSWH�VL�VD�O�JDVHDVFD�DFROR��/D�FDUH�WLSXO��ULGLFkQGX�VH�GH�VSDWH�VL�VFRWkQGX�VL�SLHSWXO�vQDLQWH��VSXQH��'RDPQD��VXQW�XQ�*(17/(0(1��3XWHWL�DYHD�GHSOLQD�LQFUHGHUH�vQ�PLQH��QX�YD�IL�QLFL�R�SUREOHPD�/D�FDUH�WLSD�SULYLQGX�O�JDOHV��SHQWUX�FD�JDJLXO�HUD�GHVWXO�GH����ELQH��vO�SRIWHVWH�vQDXQWUX�� vO�JD]GXLHVWH�� vL�GD�VD�PDQkQFH�� vLIDFH�XQ�PDVDM��GDU�WLSXO�VL�D�UHVSHFWDW�FXYLQWXO��$�GRUPLW�WRDWD�QRDSWHD�FD�SH�JKLPSL��LDU�D�GRXD�]L�FkQG�VD�SOHFH��D�REVHUYDWXQ�IHQRPHQ�IRDUWH�VWUDQLX�vQ�RJUDGD�IHPHLL��HUDX�FDP�YUHR����GH�FRFRVL�VL�R�VLQJXUD�JDLQD��)RDUWH�PLUDW��R�vQWUHDED�SH�WLSD��'RPQD��QX�YD�VXSDUDWL��GDU�GH�RELFHL�HVWH�LQYHUV��DGLFD�XQ�FRFRV�VL�PDL�PXOWH�JDLQL��$��QX�GRPQXOH��QXPDL�XQXO�VLQJXU�HVWH�FRFRV��UHVWXO�VXQW�JHQWOHPHQL����&LFD�XQ�WLS�XPEOD�SULQ�GHVHUW�YUH�R�GRXD�]LOH�VL�HUD�PRUW�GH�IRDPH��ÌQWUH�WLPS�vO�MHIXLHVF�VL�EHGXLQLL��FD�QX�D�PDL�UDPDVGHFLW� FX� YUH�R� FkWLYD� FHQWL��$MXQJH� OLKQLW� GH� IRDPH� vQWU�XQ� RUDV� VL� YHGH� XQ� VXSHUPDUFKHW� QRX�QRXW�� %XFXURV�� LQWUD� VL� vOvQWUHDED�SH�YkQ]DWRU�FH�SRDWH�FXPSDUD�FX�EDQLL�SH�FDUH�vL�DYHD��$OD�vL�UDVSXQGH��3DL�OD�SUHWXO�DVWD�DYHP�QRLOH�FRQVHUYH�GLQ�F U�GH�HOHIDQW��'LQ�FH"���'LQ�F U�GH�HOHIDQW��6L�VXQW�EXQH�GH�FHYD"�'D��GRPQH��6LQW�JXVWRDVH��XOWLPD�QRXWDWH��&HO�PDL�QRX�JXVW�GLQ�RFFLGHQW��%LQH��GRPQH�GD�VL�PLH�XQD�,D�WLSXO�FRQVHUYD�� LHVH�DIDUD��VFRDWH�FXWLWX��R�GHVIDFH�WUHPXUkQG�GH�IRDPH�VL���� VXUSUL]D���HUD�JRDOD��1HUYRV�� LQWUD� vQDSRL� vQPDJD]LQ�VL�VH�LD�GH�YkQ]DWRU��'RPQH�XLWH�FXP�VWD�WUHDED��DP�FXPSDUDW�GH�DLFL�R�FRQVHUYD�GLQ�F U�GH�HOHIDQW�VL�FXLD�H�JRDOD��&H�L�DVWD"

Page 341: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�ÌPL�SDUH�UDX�GRPQXOH��GDU�VH�SDUH�FD�DWL�QLPHULW�JDXUD������Ì�&H�L�XQ�SXQFW�DOE�vQ�GHVHUW"5�2�DVSLULQD���Ì�'DU�FH�L�XQ�SXQFW�QHJUX�vQ�GHVHUW"5�8PEUD�GH�OD�DVSLULQD����Ì�&H�V�DU�vQWkPSOD�GDFD�V�DU�IDFH�FRPXQLVP�vQ�GHVHUW"5�3ULPLL�]HFH�DQL�QLPLF�VL�DSRL�V�DU�GD�QLVLSXO�SH�FDUWHOD������2�FDPLOD�PHUJH�LQ�GHVHUW�OLSD��OLSD��3H�FH�FDOFD�FDPLOD"5�3H�QLVLS������Ì�&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�vQWUH�GHVHUW�VL�SRVWXULOH�79�URPkQHVWL"5�$PkQGRXD�VXQW�SOLQH�GH�&DPLOH������Ì�&H�]LFH�XQ�vQVHWDW�vQ�GHVHUW"5�&H�QLVLSRV�H�SH�DLFL������'RXD�ILUH�GH�QLVLS�PHUJ�SULQ�GHVHUW��=LFH�XQD��3VVVW��DP�LPSUHVLD�FD�VXQWHP�XUPDULWH�������'RL�XUVL�SRODUL�PHUJ�SULQ�GHVHUW��=LFH�XQXO��7UHEXLH�FD�HUD�WDUH�DOXQHFRV�SH�DLFL��,D�WH�XLWD�FH�GH�QLVLS�DX�vPSUDVWLDW�SH�DLFL�������Ì�&H�DUH�WUHL�SLFLRDUH�VL�VDUH�SULQ�GHVHUW"5�8Q�SLDQ������8Q�WLS�PHUJHD�SULQ�GHVHUW�SH�R�FDPLOD��GH�YUHR�GRXD�VDSWDPkQL��5DPDVHVH�IDUD�DSD��IDUD�PkQFDUH�VL�VXIHUHD�vQJUR]LWRU�GLQFDX]D�FDOGXULL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��WUHFH�XQXO��IXJLQG��SH�OkQJD�HO��0DL�PHUJH��FH�PDL�PHUJH�VL�YHGH�SH�DOWXO�DOHUJkQG��6L�WRWDVD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��VH�LD�GXSD�XQXO�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�IXJL�GRPOH�vQ�KDOXO�DVWD"�/DVD�PD�GRPOH�FD�IXJ��3DL�YDG��GDU�GH�FH"�3DL�DOHUJkQG��VH�IRUPHD]D�QLVWH�FXUHQWL�vQ�MXUXO�PHX��FDUH�IDF�UDFRDUH�VL�QX�PDL�VXIHU�GH�FDOGXUD��,QWHUHVDQWD��LGHH��vVL�]LFH�RPXO�QRVWUX�6H�VXLH�SH�FDPLOD�VL�R�vQGHDPQD�VD�PHDUJD�PXOW�PDL�UHSHGH��6L�vQWU�DGHYDU�VH�IDFH�PDL�UDFRDUH��6L�PHUJH�HO�DVD�XQ�WLPS��LDUDSRL�FDPLOD�FDGH�ODWD�MRV�GH�RERVHDOD��6H�XLWD�RPXO�OD�HD��vQFHDUFD�VD�R�VFRDOH���QLPLF��+PPP��vVL�]LFH�HO��VH�SDUH�FD�D�vQJKHWDW�GH�WRW����7UHL�YLHUPLVRUL�vQ�GHVHUW�PHUJHDX�vQ�VLU�LQGLDQ���3ULPX�]LFH��ÌQ�IDWD�DP�QLVLS��vQ�VWLQJD�VL�vQ�GUHDSWD�DP�QLVLS��vQ�VSDWH�DP�GRL�YLHUPLVRUL���$O�GRLOHD�YLHUPLVRU�]LFH��ÌQ�IDWD�VL�vQ�VSDWH�DP�FkWH�XQ�YLHUPLVRU��vQ�VWkQJD�VL�vQ�GUHDSWD�DP�QLVLS���$O�WUHLOHD�]LFH��ÌQ�IDWD�DP���YLHUPLVRUL��vQ�VWkQJD�VL�vQ�GUHDSWD�DP�QLVLS�vQ�VSDWH�DP���YLHUPLVRUL�Ì�'H�FH�]LFHD�DO�WUHLOHD�FD�DUH�vQ�VSDWH�vQFD���YLHUPLVRUL"5�(5$�81�0,1&,126������6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRL�WLSL�vQ�GHVHUW��=LFH�XQX��+HL�WX��&LQH��HX"������'RL�WLSL�PHUJ�SULQ�GHVHUW��=LFH�XQXO��'H�FH�SRUWL�XVD�DLD�GH�PDVLQD�FX�WLQH"�&kQG�PL�H�FDOG�GHVFKLG�JHDPXO�������'RXD�FDPLOH��WDWD�VL�ILX��VWDX�GH�YRUED��7DWD��GH�FH�DYHP�QRL�FRFRDVD"�3DL��vQ�GHVHUW�QX�VXQW�IkQWDQL�VL�vQ�HOH�QH�WLQHP�UH]HUYD�GH�DSD��'DU�GH�FH�DYHP�FRSLWH�DVD�GH�PDUL"�ÌQ�GHVHUW�H�QLVLS�VL�QH�DMXWD�OD�PHUV�

Page 342: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�$WXQFL�FH�FDXWDP�OD�=RR"���8Q�RUDVHDQ�VL�D�YL]LWDW�YDUXO�FDUH�ORFXLD�vQ�GHVHUWXO�$UL]RQD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�DFHVWD�DXGH�XQ�XUOHW��&H�L�DVWD"�1LPLF��FRLRWLL��'DU�FH�V�FRLRWLL"�1LVWH�FkLQL�VDOEDWLFL��6L�GH�FH�XUOD�vQ�KDOXO�DVWD"�3DL��SH�OD�QRL�QX�FUHVF�SRPL��QXPDL�FDFWXVL�'LHWD�VDSWDPkQDOD�SHQWUX�FHL�FDUH�GRUHVF�VD�VL�SDVWUH]H�OLQD�VXSOD/XQL'LPLQHDWD��������������FRDMD�D�GRXD�RXD��ILULPLWXUL�PDUL�GH�SkLQH3UkQ]��������� ��VXQFL�GH�DOELQD�vQ�IRLHWDM��FRWRU�GH�PDU&LQD������������� ��RUD�GH�MRJJLQJ0DUWL'LPLQHDWD��������������R�ILULPLWXUD�GH�RX�SUDMLW3UkQ]��������� GRXD�ERDEH�GH�PD]DUH�VL�R�IDVROH��VkPEXUH�GH�SUXQD&LQD������������� ���GH�IORWDUL0LHUFXUL'LPLQHDWD����������������IXOJL�GH�SRUXPE3UkQ]��������� LQVSLUkQG�QX�SUHD�DGkQF��PLURV�GH�IULSWXUDFRDMD�XQXL�FDUWRI�PLF��OLQJXULWD�GH�LDXUW&LQD������������� ��RUD�GH�XUFDW�SH�WUHSWH-RL'LPLQHDWD��������������ODSWH�GHJUHVDW�����OLWUL3UkQ]��������� ��IUXQ]D�GH�VSDQDF�%ODWW�6SLQDW�PLW�]ZHL�)OLHJHQHLHUQVXFXO�XQHL�FLUHVH&LQD������������� ���GH�IORWDUL9LQHUL'LPLQHDWD����������������OLQJXULWD�GH�PLHUH�GH�DOELQH3UkQ]��������� ��RDVH�GH�SDVWUDY��FRML�GH�FDUWRIL�ILHUWH�FX�VDUH��DILQH�SURDVSHWH&LQD������������� ��JXUD�GH�DHU�GH�PXQWH�VDX�GH�PDUH6kPEDWD�������������� ]L�GH�SRVW��OLQJXULWD�GH�SHVPHW'XPLQLFD'LPLQHDWD������������������J�VHPLQWH�GH�IORDUHD�VRDUHOXL�VDX�GRYOHDF3UkQ]��������� WRFDQLWD�GLQ�SDODULD�XQHL�FLXSHUFL&LQD������������� VH�VDUH���&HOH�6$37(�UHSOLFL�SH�FDUH�Q�R�VD�OH�DX]LWL�QLFLRGDWD�vQ�'RVDUHOH�;����([WUDWHUHVWUXO�YRUEHVWH��DJHQW�0XOGHU�����FUHG�FD�YUHD�VD�GHD�XQ�WHOHIRQ�DFDVD������6LJXU�FD�GD��DP�SXWHD�VD�L�RPRUkP�vQ�VFRSXO�SURWHMDULL�LQIRUPDWLHL�SH�FDUH�R�GHWLQ����GD�Q�DU�IL�FDP�UDGLFDO"�����,D�GD�L�MRV�PDVFD�DLD����$67$�]LFL�WX�FD�H PRQVWUX�PODVWLQLL"�3DL�DVWD�L�QHD�3HWULFD��DOD�GH�OD�EDFDQLD�GLQ�VDW������%LQH��DJHQW�0XOGHU��QH�DL�SULQV��QH�DL�SULQV��DFX�DVWD�H��6LJXU�FD�R�VD�FRRSHUDP�FX�YRL��

Page 343: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����6HIX�YUHD�VD�YD�YDGD�LPHGLDW��SH�DPkQGRL��+DPEXUJHUX�OXL�H�SRVHGDW��WUHEXLH�VD�O�H[RUFL]DWL������6L�YUHDX�VD�YD�]LF�F�DP�IL�UHXVLW�GDFD�QX�HUX�DVWLD�GRL�GH�OD�)%,��VD�VL�EDJH�QDVX������%DDL��VD�VWLL�F�DP�JUHVLW����SkQ�OD�XUPD�JXYHUQX�FKLDU�QH�YURLD�ELQHOH��*KLGXO�SUHJDWLULORU�SHQWUX�SOHFDUHD�OD�PXQWH3HQWUX�SOHFDUHD�OD�PXQWH�vQ�RULFH�DQRWLPS��WUHEXLH�VD�IDF�PDL�PXOWH�FKHVWLL���&RQYLQJ�SH�PDPD�FD���QX�R�VD�PRDUD�QLPHQL��R�VD�QH�vQWRDUFHP�vQWUHJL��GH�GDWD�DVWD��QX�R�V�R�PDL�VXQH�6DOYDPRQWXO��FKLDU�VL�SH�YkUIXO�PXQWHOXL�QH�WUHEXLH�XQ�EDQ��WDWD�H�GHMD�GH�DFRUG�FX�WRDWH�DVWD��RDUH�"!���&RQYLQJ�SH�WDWD�FD��DP�DUDQMDW�GHMD�FX�PDPD�WRDWH�GHWDOLLOH��PDPD�QX�QH�D�GDW�QLFL�XQ�EDQ��vQ�DIDUD�GH�����[[[�ORQJLQW��,I��VXFFHV WUXH��RU��SDULQWLBDFDVD IDOVH��WKHQ�FRQWLQXH�HOVH�EHJLQ�VHSXNX�

KDOW��HQG�^�+$+$+$+������FH�WHDSD�OH�DP�WUDV�������VDX�PLH�PL�R�WUDJ�""�`3UHJDWLUH�GH�SOHFDUH��VL�GH�vQWRDUFHUH�����6,08/$5($�35(*$7,5,,�6,08/$7258/8,�'(�%25'(,�/�����&257!��FDXWDW�vQ�WRW�%XFXUHVWLXO�ILDUHOH�GH�OH�FRUW��VWkOSLL��SLURQLL��HWF����JDVLW�ILDUH�GH�FRUW�OD�WDUD�����NP�GH�OD�%XFXUHVWL���"�!��vQGUHSWDW�ILDUH�GH�FRUW�GH�OD���¡�OD�SR]LWLD�LQLWLDOD��¡��x���¡�����!��QXPDUDW�SLURQL���!��WRDWD�OXPHD�VH�FDOPHD]D��QH�SXWHP�GHVFXUFD�VL�FX�GRDU���SLURQL��

�GRDU�DP�PDL�IDFXW�R�QX�H�SULPD�GDWD�QX�"������1X�"""���FDXWDW�SkQ]D�GH�FRUW��SULQ�PDJD]LQH��QX�DFDVD�������JDVLW�VL�FXVXW�SkQ]D�GH�FRUW��QXPDUDW�FDPHUHOH�GH�FRUW��WUHEXLH�VD�ILH�XQD�GH�SHUVRDQD�����WUDV�OD�VRUWL�FLQH�YD�GRUPL�SH�MRV��FDXWDW�IXQLL�GH�VXVWLQHUH��vQQRGDW�PDL�PXOWH�VIRUL�SHQWUX�DFRSHULUHD�GHILFLWXOXL��GHFODUDW�FRUWXO�GUHSW�VXSXV�OD�WRDWH�SUREHOH�VL�JDWD�GH�SOHFDUH��VXSXV�FRUWXO�OD�WRDWH�SUREHOH��SRWROLUHD�IXULHL��GH]DPDJLULL!�PHPEULORU�H[FXUVLHL

Page 344: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��JRWR�SR]LWLDB���vQWUHEDW�PDPD�GDFD�SXWHP�SOHFD�vQ�KDOXO�DVWD��SR]LWLDB���LI�WDWD�vQWUHDED�WKHQ�UDVSXQVBWDWD� $P�vQWUHEDW�R�VL�SH�PDPD��

1X�SOHFDP�QRL�GH�FDSXO�QRVWUX�����35(*$7,5($�&20%867%,/8/8,�/,&+,'�6,�62/,'��+$/($/$�3(1758�2$0(1,!��IDFXW�URVW�GH�EDQL��LI�EDQL���0HJD�OHL�WKHQ�$ERUW���PHUV�SULQ�6XSHU0DUNHW�XUL�VL�FXPSDUDW�FHOH�QHFHVDUH��DGXV�OD�PDPD�VL�GDW�OD�SUHOXFUDUH��SUHJDWLW�FDVROHWHOH�GH�PDQFDUH�����QXPDUDW�FDVROHWH���FDSDFH

��FXPSDUDW�VL�DFRSHULW�GHILFLWXO��SUREDW�vQFKLGHUH���GHVFKLGHUH��UHFXPSDUDW�FDSDF�OD�FHOH�FDUH�QX�DX�UH]LVWDW��OXDW�vQFD�R�GDWD�SH�DWDW�FDVROHWH�GH�UH]HUYD

��SUHJDWLW�WDFkPXUL�����QXPDUDW�VL�vQGUHSWDW�WDFkPXUL��QXPDUDW�EULFHJH��WUDV�OD�VRUWL�FLQH�PDQkQFD�FX�PkQD��WUDV�OD�VRUWL�FLQH�QX�PDQkQFD�GH�ORF��WUDV�OD�VRUWL�FLQH�PDL�GD�VL�PkQFDUH�SH�GHDVXSUD��DQXODW�UH]XOWDWHOH�OD�FHULQWD�PDPHL

��SUHJDWLW�VHUYHWHOH�����VFKLPEDWH�VHUYHWHOHOH�FH�DX�IRVW�IRORVLWH�!����RUL��FXPSDUDW�VHUYHWHOH�QRL��ODVDW�VHUYHWHOHOH�DFDVD��FH�QH�WUHEXLH�SH�PXQWH�"!

��vPSDUWLW�PkQFDUHD�IUDWHVWH��IXUDW�PkQFDUH�KRWHVWH��PkQFDW�PkQFDUH�IXUDWD��GHFODUDW�FD��YLUJXOD!��FLQHYD�D�IXUDW�PkQFDUHD��FUHDUH�VL�vPSDUWLUH�ELOHWH�WRPEROD�SHQWUX�FkVWLJDWRU�vQ�FD]XO�PRUWLL�VDX�vQJKHWXOXL�XQXOXL�GLQWUH�SDUWLFLSDQWL

Page 345: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��FRQYLQV�PDPD�FD�ODVDP�FHO�SXWLQ�MXPDWDWH�GLQ�OXFUXUL�DFDVD��GHFODUDW�JDWD�PkQFDUHD��FRQWLQXDW�SUHJDWLUHD�PkQFDULL���35(*$7,5($�6,�Ì1&$5&$5($�58&6$&8/8,�&8�+$,1(��DGXQDW�VL�SUHJDWLW�KDLQHOH�GH�SOHFDUH��vQMXUDW��VSDODW�WRDWH�KDLQHOH��PHOH�������vQFHUF�VD�vPSDFKHWH]�KDLQHOH��PRWRWROLW�KDLQHOH�VL�vQILSWH�vQ�UXFVDF��WUHFXW�ELHWXO�UXFVDF�SH�OD�WRDWD�OXPHD�VL�XPSOXW��VFRV�SH�QHYD]XWH�FFD������GLQ�KDLQHOH�FHORUODOWL��WUDV�OD�VRUWL�FLQH�GXFH�UXFVDFXO��YLQRYDWXO�SRDWH�SODWL�FFD�����.LOR�OHL�VL�WUDJHUHD�VH�PDL�HIHFWXHD]D�R�GDWD��GXSD�FH�VH�VWUkQJH�FFD����*LJD�OHL�PD�RIHU�HX�VD�O�GXF��VFRV�vQFD�FFD������KDLQH��UH]HUYDW�SDW�OD�VSLWDO��SUREDW�UXFVDF��GDW�SXPQL�LQ�FDS�GH�FH�PD�LD�JXUD�SH�GLQDLQWH��EDQGDMDW�VL�JDWD�GH�SOHFDUH���GHFODUDW�JDWD�UXFVDFXO��YHULILFDW�UXFVDFXO�VL�WLQXWH�UH]XOWDWHOH�VHFUHW�FX�SURPLVLXQHD�FD�GXSD�FDODWRULH�YRU�IL�GDWH�SXEOLFXOXL���$/7(�35(*$7,5,��PHUV�VL�FXPSDUDW�ELOHWH�GH�WUHQ��YHQLW�DFDVD�VL�VSXV�PHPEULLORU�FD�V�DX�WHUPLQDW��HL�SOkQV�FFD���RUH��HX�UkV�FFD���RUH��DUDWDW�ELOHWHOH�FXPSDUDWH�VL�PDUWXULVLW�JOXPD��HL�UkV�FFD����RUH��HX�SOkQV�FFD����RUH��GHVSDUWLWL�GH�PDPD��VL�WDWD�FX�XQ�YHFLQ�PDL�YRLQLF���DUKLYDW�WRDWH�SURJUDPHOH��SXV�SDUROD�OD�%,26

Page 346: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��VFULV�SDUROD�SH�XQD�EXFDWD�KkUWLH��DUXQFDW�EXFDWD�GH�KkUWLH�SH�JHDP�GH�FDWUH�PDPD��IDFHP�RUGLQH�vQ�FDVD���XGDW�IORULOH��DUXQFDW�IORULOH�OD�JXQRL��IDFXW�RUGLQH�vQ�FDPHUD��SHUIHFWLRQDW�RUGLQHD�vQ�FDPHUD��GHFODUDW�RUGLQH�SHUIHFWD��LQVSHFWDW�PDPDUHSHDW��UHIDFXW�RUGLQH�vQ�FDPHUD��LQVSHFWDW�WDWD��LI�FXWUHPXU�WKHQ�H[LW�XQWLO��WDWD VDWLVIDFXW��RU��WDWD VDWXUDW��RU��QRL ODVDWBSDJXEDVL���VFRV�GLQ�SUL]D�WRDWH�DSDUDWHOH��UHEDJDW�IULJLGHUXO�vQ�SUL]D��RSULW�FXUHQWXO�GH�OD�WDEORX��ODVDW�FKHLH��IDOVD��OD�XQ�YHFLQ�VL�LQVWUXLW�WLPS�vQGHOXQJDW��GH�PDPD������PHUV�OD�vQPRUPkQWDUHD�YHFLQXOXL��VXQDW�OD�6DOYDPRQW�VL�OXDW�����QXPHUH�GH�WHOHIRQ

��QXPHOH�WXWXURU�DQJDMDWLORU��QRWDW�SR]LWLD�FHD�PDL�DSURSLDWD�GH�ORFXO�QRVWUX

��vPSULHWHQLW�FX�3ROLWLD�GLQ�vPSUHMXULPL��SODWLW�GHMD�DPHQGD�OD�6SDWLL�9HU]L�VL�3URWHFWLD�0HGLXOXL���$/7(�$&&(625,,��WUXVD�PHGLFDOD�WUHEXLH�VD�FRQWLQD��ELVWXULX��GHVIDFDWRU�GH�FRQVHUYH

Page 347: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��FXWLW�GH�YkQDWRDUH��SLVWRO�GH�OLSLW��WUXVD�GH�FXVXW���DF��SLURQ�

DWD�VIRDUD�IXQLH�FDEOX�RGJRQ�HWF���SHWLF�PDWHULDO���FkQHSD

��RPHQHVF��VSDUDJDWRU�GH�DVIDOW��PLQL�VSDUJDWRU�GH�DVIDOW��VXSHU�VSDUJDWRU�GH�DVIDOW���YDULDQWD�PLFD��GUXMED��SLVWRO�SHQWUX�VFXWLUHD�VXIHULQWHORU��SLVWRO�SHQWUX�DFFHQWXDUHD�VXIHULQWHORU��GURJ�IRDUWH�SXWHUQLF��GURJ�SXWHUQLF��GURJ�QX�SUHD�SXWHUQLF��GURJ�IRDUWH�VODE��GURJ�VODE��GURJ�QX�SUHD�VODE��vQ�ILQH��WRDWH�WLSXULOH�GH�GURJ�SHQWUX�GDW�OD�SDUWLFLSDQWL�vQDLQWH�GH�XUFDUHD�SH�PXQWH����NJ�DVSLULQD��FDUXFLRU�UXFVDF�SHQWUX�FDUDW�PHPEULL�FRQWUD�FRVW��FDUXFLRU�UXFVDF�SHQWUX�FDUDW�PHPEULL�DFFLGHQWDWL��GDU�WRW�FRQWUD�FRVW��DSDUDW�SHQWUX�PDVXUDUHD�SXOVXOXL��IDUD�EDWHULL���IXQLH�JURDVD�UH]LVWHQWD�SHQWUX�PHPEULL�GHFD]XWL�SVLKLF��IXQLH�PDL�SXWLQ�JURDVD�GDU�OD�IHO�GH�UH]LVWHQWD�SHQWUX�FHLODOWL�PHPEULL��GURSVXUL�PHQWRODWH��ERPERQHOH�0XOWL9LWD��3DVWLOH�G�DOHD�PDUL�VL�VXOIXURDVH������R�VWLFOXWD�JRDOD��R�VWLFOXWD�SOLQD��R�VWLFOXWD�MXPDWDWH�JRDOD��MXPDWDWH�SOLQD�

Page 348: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��KkUWLH�FX�SUHVFULSWLL�SH��FDUH�VFULH����:KLOH��vQFDBvQBYLDWD WUXH��WKHQ�QXBvLBGDLBQLPLF�

��HFKLSDPHQW�GH�XUFDW�SH�PXQWH��FXUDM��PXOW�FXUDM��FRU]L�URDVH�GH�YUHPH��FRU]L�URDVH�GH�VRUD�PHD��FRU]L�QHURDVH�WRW�GH�VRUD�PHD��SLURDQH�ERDQWH�SHQWUX�FHLODOWL��SLURDQH�OD�IHO�GH�ERDQWH��GDU�SHQWUX�PLQH��FKLEULW��DVWD�FH�GUDFX�FDXWD�DLFL�"�FLQH�O�D�SXV�"�+(,������FDUDEH��ERFDQFL�FX�FROWDUL�vQ�DIDUD��ERFDQFL�FX�FROWDUL�vQDXQWUX��WUXVD�FX�OXFUXUL�SHUVRQDOH��EDQLL�WXWXURU��SHULXWD���GH�KDLQH

��GH�GLQWL��GH�FRUS��GH�FH�"��GH�DLD����GH�JHDED����GH�WRW��GH�XQGH�"��GH�RULXQGH����GH�FDS��VWDL�DVD�FXP�H�DLD�""�

��SDVWD���GH�GLQWL��VDX�GH�OLSLW���WRW�DLD�����GH�vQWLQV�SH�SkLQH��GH�vQWLQV�SH�RULFH

Page 349: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��GH�vQWLQV�SH�RULFH��GDU�FX�VDUH��VDSXQ��VD�QX�SXQ��"����SURVRS�FRUS��SURVRS�FDS��SURVRS�YDVH��SURVRS�YDVH��GDU�FRORUDW��)RU�[� ��WR���GR�GHBOXDWB/DSWRS���[����SLRQH]H�GH�PDULPH���FXORDUH�DOEDVWUD��SLRQH]H�GH�PDULPH���FXORDUH�YHUGH��SLRQH]H�GH�PDULPH���FXORDUH�URVLH������SLRQH]H����[���[�����ODQWHUQD�IDUD�EDWHULL�VL�EHF��EDWHULL�IDUD�ODQWHUQD�VL�EHF��EHF�IDUD�ODQWHUQD�VL�EDWHULL��SUH]HUYDWLYH��GH�IDSW�FRQVHUYDQW��GDU�VXQD�PDL�ELQH�LQ�HQJOH]D������SUH]HUYDWLYH��vQ�URPkQHVWH���OHQMHULH�LQWLPD��OHQMHULH�SXEOLFD��FKLORWL�FX�EX]XQDU��FKLORWL�VL�EX]XQDU���,16758,5($�)$&87$�'(�0$0$�Ì1$,17(�'(�3/(&$5(��1RW�HQRXJK�PHPRU\�WR�FRPSLOH�WKLV����(1'�$�IL�VDX�D�QX�IL���0DQDJHU

Page 350: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

9L�GLPLQHDWD�WkU]LX"���(VWL�H[HPSOX�QHJDWLY�(VWL�SXQFWXDO"���$L�YHQLW�VD�WL�VSLRQH]L�VXEDOWHUQLL�OD�VRVLUH�(VWL�SULHWHQRV�FX�VXEDOWHUQLL"���9L]H]L�SRSXODULWDWH�LHIWLQD�(VWL�UH]HUYDW"���(VWL�FX�QDVXO�SH�VXV�ÌWL�ODX]L�VXEDOWHUQLL"���(VWL�OLQJXVLWRU�ÌL�FULWLFL"���)DFL�SH�QHEXQXO�)DFL�FXUWH�VXEDOWHUQHORU"���(VWL�DIHPHLDW�/H�WUDWH]L�FX�LQGLIHUHQWD"���7H�FRQVLGHUD�KRPRVH[XDO�7H�LQWHUHVHD]D�PXQFD�VXEDOWHUQLORU"���(VWL�WXUQDWRU�1X�WH�LQWHUHVHD]D"���1X�DL�KDEDU�GH�SUREOHPH�7LL�VHGLQWH"���(VWL�VHGLQWRPDQ�1X�WLL�VHGLQWH"���/XFUH]L�VHFUHW�(VWL�PDL�vQ�YkUVWD"���(VWL�VFOHUR]DW�(VWL�WkQDU"���1�DL�H[SHULHQWD�6WDL�VHDUD�PDL�WkU]LX"���)DFL�SH�OXFUDWRUXO�VXSUDDJORPHUDW�3OHFL�SXQFWXDO"���1X�WL�GDL�LQWHUHVXO�1X�SOHFL�vQ�FRQFHGLX"���ÌWL�SD]HVWL�VFDXQXO�7H�FRQVXOWL�FX�FROHJLL"���9UHL�VD�WLL�WRWXO�vQ�PkQD�6SXL�EDQFXUL"���(VWL�QHVHULRV�1X�VSXL�EDQFXUL"���(VWL�SOLFWLVLWRU�,QVLVWL�DVXSUD�SURSXQHULORU�WDOH"���(VWL�vQFDSDWkQDW�&HGH]L"���(VWL�PRDOH�$L�VXFFHV"���$L�DYXW�QRURF�&HYD�QX�PHUJH�ELQH"���%LQHvQWHOHV��HUD�GH�DVWHSWDW�7ULPLWL�RDPHQLL�OD�FXUVXUL"���9UHL�VD�L�vQGDWRUH]L�1X�L�WULPLWL�OD�FXUVXUL"���1X�ODVL�SH�DOWXO�VD�VH�ULGLFH�9LL�FX�LGHL�QRL"���(VWL�IDQWDVPDJRULF�1X�YLL�FX�LGHL�QRL"���(VWL�UHIUDFWDU�IDWD�GH�WRW�FH�L�QRX�7H�SUHRFXSD�SUREOHPHOH�ILUPHL"���1�DL�FH�IDFH�1X�WH�SUHRFXSD"���1X�HVWL�EXQ�PDQDJHU�6WDWXWXO�&OXEXOXL�RERVLWLORU�GLQ�QDVWHUH��7H�QDVWL�RERVLW�VL�WUDLHVWL�SHQWUX�D�WH�RGLKQL���,XEHVWH�WL�SDWXO�FD�VL�SH�WLQH�vQVXWL���2GLKQHVWH�WH�]LXD�FD�VD�SRWL�GRUPL�QRDSWHD���'DFD�YH]L�SH�XQX�FD�VH�RGLKQHVWH��DMXWD�O���0XQFD�vQVHDPQD�RERVHDOD���1X�IDFH�DVWD]L�FH�SRWL�IDFH�VL�PkLQH���)D�FkW�PDL�SXWLQ��LDU�FHHD�FH�DL�GH�IDFXW�ID�VD�IDFD�DOWLL���3UHD�PXOWD�RGLKQD�QX�D�RPRUkW�SH�QLPHQL���&kQG�vWL�YLQH�SRIWD�VD�PXQFHVWL��DVHD]D�WH�VL�DVWHDSWD�VD�WL�WUHDFD����'DFD�PXQFD�vQVHDPQD�VDQDWDWH��DWXQFL��WUDLDVFD�ERDOD����6HUYLFLXO�QX�HVWH�FkUFLXPD�VD�VWDL�WRDWD�]LXD�vQ�HD����/D�PXQFD�WUHEXLH�VD�WH�DVH]L�vQ�DVD�IHO�vQFkW�VD�PDL�vQFDSD�VL�DOWLL�5HFODPH��&LRFRODWD�9HURQLFD�)DFH�PLFD�JDXULFD���)DFH�PLFD�JDXULFD�1X�PDL�LQWUD�QLFL�IXUQLFD���&LRFRODWD�3RVWDYDUX�)DFH�SX D�FD�VL�SDUX���7LQHWL�PLQWH�WUHL�FXYLQWH�

Page 351: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

3X D��SDUX��3RVWDYDUX���&LFRODWD�1LFROHWD�)DFH�SX D�FD�UDFKHWD���$OLILD�&OHRSDWUD�)DFH�VkQLL�FD�VL�SLDWUD���7LQHWL�PLQWH�WUHL�FXYLQWH�6kQLL��SLDWUD��&OHRSDWUD���9UHWL�VD�FXFHULWL�IHPHLD�)RORVLWL�VDSXQXO�&KHLD���6RDUHOH�VL�WHQLVXO�9D�QWDUHVWH�SHQLVXO����0RDUWH�VLJXUD�FX�FREUD�'DU�PDL�VLJXUD�FX�0REUD����0RWRFLFOHWD�&DUSDWL�6WDWL�vQ�FXU�VL�UHSDUDWL����&LRFRODWD�3LWLF�9D�IDFH�YRLQLF����9LQXO�URVX�GH�6HJDUFHD�)DFH�SL] D�KDUFHD�SDUFHD����1X�PDL�IXPDWL�WLJDUL�.HQW�&D�YD�ODVD�LPSRWHQW����9UHWL�VD�GHYHQLWL�EDUEDWL�)XPDWL�GRDU�WLJDUL�&DUSDWL����6LILOLVXO�GH�&RQVWDQWD�)DFH�WHQXO�FD�IDLDQWD����3kQD�VL�PSDUDWXO�1HUR�6H�VSDOD�OD�FXU�FX�'HUR����&XUYHOH�VL�DWOHWLVPXO�9D�FDOHVF���FDOHVWH���RUJDQLVPXO����2SULWL�GULFXO�0RUWXO�YUHD�VD�EHD�XQ�&LFR�8Q�&LFR�GDF�DU�EHD�0RUWX�SRDWH�DU�vQYLD����&LRFRODWD�/DXUD�9D�ODUJHVWH�JDXUD����3DVWD�GH�GLQWL�&ULVWDO�)DFH�GLQWLL�FD�GH�FDO����6DSXQXO�'XUX�)DFH�IDWD�SUHFXP�FXUXO����1XPDL�FX�VDSXQXO�'XUX��'XUX��'XUX�&HDP�PDL�EXQD�SL] D�L�FXUX������9DULDQWD�+DLGD�'XUX��'XUX��'XUX�

Page 352: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

&HDP�PDL�EXQD�SL] D�L�FXUX������$TXDIUHVK�vQ�WUHL�FXORUL�&DULD]D�GH�WUHL�RUL����'DFD�EHL�XQ�6DSURVDQ�1�R�VD�WH�PDL�FDFL�XQ�DQ����'DFD�EHL�7XLFD�GH�SUXQD�2ULFH�EDED�WL�SDUH�EXQD����'DFD�EHL�WXLFD�vQWRDUVD�3X D�WL�YD�IL�QRGXURDVD����'DFD�EHL�WXLFD�vQWRDUVD�3X D�WL�YD�IL�PDL�YkQRDVD����6L�0XVFDWXO�2WRQHO�)DFH�SX D�GH�RWHO����9LQXO�URVX�GH�-LGYHL�6FRDOD�SX D�FkQG�QX�YUHL����9LQXO�URVX�GH�9DVOXL�)DFH�SX D�FD�XQ�FXL����2�YRGFXOLWD�&ULVWDO�)DFH�GLQWLL�FD�GH�FDO����9LQXO�GXOFH�GH�&RWQDUL�9D�WUDQVIRUPD�Q�DUPDVDUL����&RQVXPXO�GH�EDQDQH�9D�IDFH�GLQ�IHWH�GRDPQH����'XOFHDWD�YHUGH�GH�QXFL�3XQH�SL] D�SH�EXWXFL����7RW�GXOFDWD�YHUGH�GH�QXFL�9D�WUDQVIRUPD�Q�HXQXFL����0kQFDWL�FRML�GH�PHUH�YHU]L�6L�R�V�DMXQJHWL�VRPDOH]L����3URGXVHOH�ILUPHL�.QRUU�9D�IDF�GLQ�RP�WUDFWRU����7LQHWL�PLQWH�WUHL�FXYLQWH�2PXO��.QRUUX�VL�WUDFWRUX����,QVHWLFLGXO�.XNL�,D�VL�SLHOHD�VL�SDGXFKLL����,QIX]LD�FX�IORUL�GH�WHL�9D�YD�VFDSD�GH�ODWHL����9UHL�VD�WL�VDWLVIDFL�QHYDVWD�&XPSDUD�WL�VDOWHD�5HOD[D����6XWLHQXO�GH�&OXM�1DSRFD�)DFH�WkWD�FD�VL�URFD����'LQ�FDPLQXO�GH�FKLPLH�

Page 353: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

2�VD�LHL�EOHQRUDJLH����ÌQ�FDPLQXO�PHGLFLQLL�7H�SRWL�IX H�FX�VWUDLQLL����ÌQ�FDPLQ�OD�PHGLFLQD�1LFL�R�IDWD�QX�L�YLUJLQD����'DFD�PHUJL�OD�PHGLFLQD�6D�WL�LHL�VL�R�SHQLFLOLQD����3DX]H�OXQJL�VL�GHVH&KHLD�PDULORU�VXFFHVH�%DQFXUL�VHFL��9RL�VDVH�VXQWHWL�FHL�PDL�EXQL�FLQFL�SULHWHQL�DL�PHL��'DU�QRL�SDWUX�VXQWHP�FHL�WUHL�VLQJXULL�GRL�����8Q�RP�vVL�OHDJD�ELFLFOHWD�GH�XQ�ODPSLRQ�VL�SOHDFD�OD�FXPSDUDWXUL��&kQG�VH�vQWRDUFH���D�GLVSDUXW�ODPSLRQXO�����1RDSWHD�H�PDL�IULJ�FD�DIDUD�����6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRL��8QX�QX�YLQH�����'RL�FRSLL�VWDX�VL�QXPDUD�R�ELOD���8Q�8)2�]ERDUD�FX�����NP�K�SULQ�GHVHUW��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�vL�H[SORGHD]D�XQ�FDXFLXF�&kWH�ERPERDQH�DX�IRVW�vQ�SXQJD"��2�PDPD�DYHD���FRSLL����DX�PXULW�GH�PLFL�FHLODOWL���GH�FUHPYXUVWL���'RXD�JDOHWL�FX�QLVLS��'RXD�JDOHW]L�JRDOH��0RUDOD��SORXD���$�IRVW�RGDWD�XQ�YkQDWRU�VL�DYHD�XQ�FkLQH��LDU�FkLQHOH�QX�DYHD�QLPLF�vPSRWULYD����2�PXVFD�LQWUD�vQ�IXQGXO�XQXL�FDO��&kQG�VD�LDVD�QX�PDL�HUD�FDOXO����8Q�WDUDQ�QX�DYHD�XQ�FDO��VL�FDOXO�QX�DYHD�QLPLF�vPSRWULYD����8Q�RP�YLQH�GH�GXSD�FROW���VL�FDOFD�SH�XQ�ELVFXLWH����'RL�YXOWXUL�SH�R�FUDFD��8QXO�HUD�PDL�PLF��VL�DOGRLOHD�VL�PDL�PLF������'RL�YXOWXUL�VWDWHDX�SH�R�VWDQFD��8QXO�HUD�SOHVXY�VL�XQXO�VWDWHD�PDL�vQFROR����&LFD�GRL�YXOWXUL�HUDX�SH�R�VWkQFD��8QXO�HUD�SOHVXY��VL�XQXO�HUD�VD�FDGD����(UDX�GRL�FRSLL��SH�XQXO�vO�FKHPD�,RQ��VL�SH�XQXO�vO�FKHPD�PDVD�DFDVD����Ì�&H�L�WUHFH�XOWLPD�GDWD�SULQ�FDS�XQHL�Jk]H��FkQG�VH�ORYHVWH�GH�SDUEUL]XO�XQHL�PDVLQL"5�)XQGXO������Ì�&H�IDFH�YDFD�OD�OXPLQD�VRDUHOXL"5�8PEUD����Ì�&H�IDF�GRXD�YDFL�OD�OXPLQD�VRDUHOXL"5�3ODMD�����Ì�'H�FD�DUH�FLRFDQLWRDUHD�FLRF"5�&D�VD�QX�VH�EDWD�FX�FDSXO�GH�FRSDFL�

Page 354: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���Ì�&H�JkQGHVWH�XQ�FkLQH�PHUJkQG�SULQ�GHVHUW"5�'H�QX�DSDUH�XQ�VWkOS�IDF�SLSL�SH�PLQH������Ì�'H�FH�WLQ�FkLQLL�SLFLRUXO�ULGLFDW�FkQG�IDF�SLSL�SH�XQ�JDUG"5�6D�QX�FDGD�JDUGXO�SH�HL������Ì�6WLWL�FDUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�EXUODF�VL�XQ�RP�vQVXUDW"5�%XUODFXO�VH�SRDWH�GD�MRV�SH�DPEHOH�SDUWL�DOH�SDWXOXL������Ì�&H�IDFH�XQ�OLOLDF�vQWU�XQ�FXSWRU�FX�PLFURXQGH�"5�$VFXOWD�PX]LFD����Ì�&H�H�R�XVD"5�&KHVWLD�SH�D�FDUHL�SDUWH�JUHVLWD�VWDX�FDLQLL����Ì�/D�FH�IRORVHVF�LQGLHQLL�SLHLOH�GH�FDL�"5�ÌVL�WLQ�FDLL�vQ�HOH����Ì�&H�H�PLF�YHUGH�XPEOD�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�IDFH�PDF�PDF"5�0DF�PDFXO�YHUGH�GH�SDGXUH����Ì�&H�H�JDOEHQ�VL�DUH�GRXD�GXQJL�QHJUH"5�2�ODPkLH�FX�EUHWHOH����Ì�&H�H�QHJUX�SH�GLQDIDUD�VL�YHUGH�SH�GLQDXQWUX"5�8Q�QHJUX�FDUH�D�PkQFDW�VSDQDF����Ì�&H�H�QHJUX�FX�XQ�SLFLRU�"5�8Q�QHJUX�VFKLRS����Ì�&H�H�QHJUX�FX�GRXD�SLFLRDUH�"5�8Q�QHJUX�QRUPDO����Ì�&H�H�XQ�QHJUX�FX�WUHL�SLFLRDUH�"5�8Q�SLDQ����Ì�&H�H�XQ�XUV�SRODU�GXSD�WUHFHUHD�OD�DOWD�D[D"5�8Q�XUV�UHFWDQJXODU����Ì�'H�FH�ULQRFHUXO�DUH�FRUQ�"5�&D�Q�D�JDVLW�FKLIOD����Ì�'H�FH�QX�DOHDUJD�PHOFXO"5�&D�VD�QX�L�IkOIkLH�RFKLL����&HL�PDUR�VL�vQFHSH�FX��2�"5�2�UkPD���0DL�WkU]LX�Ì�&HL�PDUR�VL�vQFHSH�FX��'�"5�'RXD�UkPH���0DL�WkU]LX�Ì�&HL�PDUR�VL�vQFHSH�FX��7�"5�7RW�R�UkPD���Ì�&DUH�L�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�XQ�YXOWXU�VL�R�FkUWLWD"5�8PEOD�DPkQGRL�SH�VXE�SDPkQW�FX�H[FHSWLD�YXOWXUXOXL����Ì�&XP�UHFXQRVWL�XQ�LHSXUH�]EXUDWRU"5�$UH�XQ�YXOWXU�SH�VSDWH����&H�L�PDL�PLFD�VL�PDL�PLFD�GHFDW�SXWD�GH�IXUQLFD"

Page 355: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

8Q�HSVLORQ�ELQH�DOHV����&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�UDFKHWD�VL�XQ�FDFDW"5DFKHWD�vQFD�Q�DL�PkQFDW����8Q�FDO�SDVWHD�OLQLVWLW�SH�FkPS��'HRGDWD�vQJKLWH�GLQ�JUHVHDOD�XQ�IOXWXUH��$FHVWD�VLPWLQG�SHULFROXO�vQFHSH�VD�VH�]EDWD��VDVWULJH��VD�GHD�GLQ�PkLQL�VL�SLFLRDUH��GDU�SUHD�WkU]LX��FDOXO�SOHFDVH����Ì�&DUH�H�GHRVHELUHD�GLQWUH�SDVDULFD�VL�IXQLFD"5�3DVDULFD�WH�IXUQLFD�GDU�IXUQLFD�QX�WH�SDVDULFD������Ì�'H�FH�H�URVLD�URVLH"5�&D�VD�QX�IDFD�]JRPRW������'RXD�FLRUL�]EXUDX��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�XQD�]LFH��6XULRDUD�YH]L�VD�QX�GDL�FX�FDSXO�vQ�VWkOSXO�DOD�GH�EHWDXDXDXDXQQQQ������Ì�&H�H�PDUH��PLURDVH�XUkW��VL�DUH���������GH�DULSL"5�2�ODGD�GH�JXQRL�FX��������GH�PXVWH����ÌQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ�HUDX�WUHL�WHOHYL]RDUH�8QXO�FRORU��XQXO�DOE�QHJUX�VL�XQXO�vQFKLV������2�FXUHD�DOHUJD�XQ�FXU�SULQ�SDGXUH��DOHDUJD�FH�DOHDUJD�FXUHDXD�GXSD�FXU�SkQD�FH�FXUX�VH�XUFD�vQ�SRP��&XUHDXD�vL�VSXQH�VDVH�GHD�MRV�FD�O�EDWH��&XUX�VSXQH�FD�L�SDVDUH�LDU�FXUHDXD�vL�VSXQH�VD�FkQWH��&XUX�VH�EHVHVWH������'RXD�PDLPXWH�WDLDX�SHWURO�FX�ILHUDVWUDX�vQWU�XQ�EHFL��QRDSWHD��8QD�]LFH��'H�XQGH�SX D�PHD�DX�DSDUXW�FRFRULL�DVWLD"���'RXD�URVLL�PHUJ�SH�FDOHD�IHUDWD�VL�XQD�]LFH��9H]L�DL�JULMD�FD�YLQH�WUHQXO�VL�WH�IDFH�IOHRVW����Ì�&H�H�GDFD�XQ�VRIHU�GH�FDPLRQ�VH�SLVD�vQ�]DSDGD"5�,DUQD������Ì�&DUH�L�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�SLVLFD�VL�WUHQ"5�&X�WUHQX�SRWL�VD�WUHFL�SH�VXE�WXQHO�GDU�FX�SLVLFD�QX�SRWL�VD�EDWL�FXLH������Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�YDSRU�VL�R�SLVLFD"5�&X�YDSRUXO�SRWL�VD�EDWL�FXLH��GDU�SLVLFD�QX�VWLH�VD�vQRDWH����'RXD�ERDEH�GH�PD]DUH�PHUJ�SH�XQ�FRULGRU��=LFH�XQD��$WHQWLH�YLQH�R�VFDUD�UD�UD�UD�UD�������'RXD�EORFXUL�MRDFD�WHQLV��&H�FXORDUH�DUH�PLQJHD"�9HUGH��SHQWUX�FD�FLRFRODWD�QX�DUH�JUDWLL������Ì�'H�FH�H�EXGLQFD�WDUH"5�3HQWUX�FD�EDQFXULOH�VHFL�QX�LDX�SHQVLH�VL�vQ�DIDUD�GH�DVWD��LHUL�vQ�GHVHUW��D�IRVW�PDL�vQWXQHFDW�GHFkW�DOEDVWUX�������'RL�XUVL�SRODUL�]ERDUD�SULQ�GHVHUW��8QXO�FDGH��&HODODOW�]LFH��1X�L�QLPLF�VL�QLFL�QX�L�DSD�������Ì�'H�FH�HVWH�FURFRGLOXO�PDL�PXOW�YHUGH�GHFkW�OXQJ�"5�3HQWUX�FD�HVWH�YHUGH�VL�SH�OXQJLPH�VL�SH�ODWLPH��vQVD�OXQJ�HVWH�GRDU�SH�OXQJLPH�����Ì�'DU�GH�FH�HVWH�FURFRGLOXO�PDL�PXOW�OXQJ�GHFkW�YHUGH�"5�3HQWUX�FD�HVWH�OXQJ�VL�SH�IDWD�VL�SH�VSDWH��vQVD�HVWH�YHUGH�GRDU�SH�VSDWH�����Ì�&DUH�L�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�URVLH�VL�XQ�WUDPYDL"5�7UDPYDLXO�DUH�R�GXQJD�URVLH��GD�URVLD�Q�DUH�R�GXQJD�WUDPYDL����Ì�&DUH�L�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�UkPD�VL�XQ�SRUF"

Page 356: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�3RUFXO�UkPD��GD�UkPD�QX�SRUF����Ì�&H�H�OXQJ��DOEDVWUX�VL�XPEOD�SH�VXE�SDPkQW"5�2�UkPD�vQ�WUHQLQJ����Ì�&H�H�DOE�FX�QHJUX�VL�]ERDUD���5�3RUXPEHOXO�SDFLL�vQ�FKLORWL�GH�VSRUW����Ì�&H�H�PLF��JDOEHQ�VL�PHUJH�SH�VXE�SDPkQW�"5�8Q�YLHWQDPH]�FH�FDXWD�ERPEH����Ì�&H�H�PLF��JDOEHQ�VL�]ERDUD�"5�8Q�YLHWQDPH]�FH�D�JDVLW�R�ERPED����Ì�&H�H�JDOEHQ��DUH����GH�SLFRDUH�VL�GRXD�DULSL"5�(FKLSD�GH�IRWEDO�D�&KLQHL������Ì�&H�H�QHJUX�VWD�vQ�SRLDQD�VL�VH�vQYkUWHVWH"5�2�FkUWLWD�OD�DUXQFDUHD�FLRFDQXOXL������Ì�&H�H�QHJUX�VL�VDUH�vQWU�XQ�SLFLRU�vQ�SRLDQD"5�$FHHDVL�FkUWLWD�GXSD�FH�L�D�SLFDW�FLRFDQXO�SH�SLFLRU������Ì�&H�UH]XOWD�GDFD�vPSHUHFKH]L�R�JLUDID�FX�R�FkUWLWD"5�2�VRQGD������Ì�&H�O�vQWRUFL�VHDUD��WH�WUH]HVWH�GLPLQHDWD�VL�OD�SUkQ]�vO�SXL�vQ�FLRUED"5�&HDVXO����Ì�&H�WX�SXL�FHDVXO�vQ�FLRUED"�5�(�FHDVXO�PHX�VL�IDF�FH�YUHDX�FX�HO��1X""����,QWUD�XQX�VXFDULW�vQWU�XQ�EDU��VFRDWH�PLWUDOLHUD�VL�L�FLXUXLHVWH�SH�WRWL��GXSD�FDUH�]LFH��3DL�FH�SX D�PHD������Ì�&H�DQLPDO�DUH�FRDPD��FRDGD�VWXIRDVD��FRSLWH��H�EXQ�OD�FXUVH�VL�vQFHSH�FX�OLWHUD�*"5�8Q�FDO�GDU�vO�FKHDPD�*,*,���Ì�&H�V�DU�vQWkPSOD�GDFD�ZKLVN\�XO��VDODWHOH�VL�PRUFRYLL�DU�IL�VHFUHWHOH�ORQJHYLWDWLL"5�,HSXULL�FDUH�EHDX�DU�WUDL�YHVQLF������Ì�8Q�WLS�DOE�DUH�EUHWHOH�YHU]L�OD�SDQWDORQL�URVLL��'H�FH"5�&D�VD�QX�L�FDGD�SDQWDORQLL����Ì�&H�H�DOEDVWUX�VWD�vQ�SRLDQD�VL�ODWUD"5�2�YDFD�vQ�WUHQLQJ�FDUH�YRUEHVWH�OLPEL�VWUDLQH������Ì�'H�FH�FRQWLQH�ODSWHOH�JUDVLPH"5�3HQWUX�FD�OD�PXOV�VD�QX�VFkUWkLH������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�FRQVHFYHQWD�VL�LQFRQVHFYHQWD"5�&RQVHFYHQWD�vQVHDPQD���$=,�DVD�VL�0Æ,1(�DVD����,QFRQVHFYHQWD���$]L�DVD���PkLQH�DVD�������Ì�&H�H�DXULX�VL�]ERDUD"5�8Q�FDUDEXV�FX�GLQWL�GH�DXU������Ì�&kWH�LDXUWXUL�vQFDS�vQWU�R�FXVFD�GH�FkLQL"5�/D�VDK�QX�VH�GH�SHQDOW\������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�FDVFDGD"5�&X�FkW�PDL�VXV�FX�DWkW�PDL�IOHRVF������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�2KK�XQG�$KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK"

Page 357: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5����FHQWLPHWUL������Ì�&H�DUH�SDWUX�SLFLRDUH�VL�SRDWH�]EXUD"5�'RXD�SDVDUL������9LQH�XQ�VFKHOHW�OD�GRFWRU���'RFWRUXO��&UHG�FD�YHQLWL�SUHD�WkU]LX�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�WLQH"5�3LFLRUXO��PDL�DOHV�VWkQJXO������Ì�&H�IDFH�XQ�YLNLQJ�SH�XQ�DLVEHUJ"5�ÌQJKHDWD������Ì�&XP�VH�SRDWH�H[SOLFD�SH�VFXUW�WHRULD�PXOWLPLORU"5�'DFD�vQWU�R�FDPHUD�VXQW�WUHL�RDPHQL�VL�FLQFL�GLQ�HL�LHV�DIDUD��DWXQFL�WUHEXLH�VD�LQWUH�GRL�vQ�FDPHUD�SHQWUX�FD�DVWD�VD�ILH�GLQQRX�JRDOD����Ì�&H�H�PLF��YHUGH�VL�WULXQJKLXODU"5�8Q�WULXQJKL�PLF�VL�YHUGH������'RXD�OXPkQDUL��=LFH�XQD��0D�VWLQJ�FXP�DV�PDL�EHD�R�EHUH������Ì�&H�]ERDUD�VL�H�GH�FXORDUH�DOED�FX�GXQJL�URVLL"5�8Q�SHVFDUXV�FX�YDULFH������8Q�FDO�vQRDWD�SULQ�SDGXUH��9LQ�GRL�SROLWLVWL��$LFL��IXPDWXO�H�LQWHU]LV��(X�DP�WRWXVL�RFKHODUL�GH�vQQRW����'RL�PHUJ�SULQ�SDGXUH��8QXO�JDVHVWH�����GH�OHL�DOWXO�QX������Ì�&H�L�PLF�VL�YHUGH�VL�PHUJH�SH�SHUHWH"5�8Q�FDVWUDYHWH�FX�YRLQWD������Ì�&H�H�YHUGH�VL�]ERDUD"5�8Q�FDVWUDYHWH�PXUDW�WHOHJKLGDW������Ì�&H�H�YHUGH�VL�JDORSHD]D�SULQ�SDGXUH"5�2�WXUPD�GH�FDVWUDYHWL������Ì�6L�FDUH�L�SRDQWD�EDQFXOXL"5�&DVWUDYHWLL�QX�XPEOD�vQ�WXUPD������9LQH�XQ�FDO�vQWU�XQ�EDU��%DUPDQXO�%D�FH�IDWD�OXQJD�IDFL���������Ì�&XP�IDF�GUDJRVWH�RFKHODULVWLL"5�ÌVL�GDX�RFKHODULL�MRV�VL�VH�I W�FD�FKLRULL�����Ì�&H�L�QHJUX��PLF�VL�EDWH�OD�XVD�"5�9LLWRUXO�����Ì�&H�L�QHJUX��VWD�SH�KRO�VL�VH�GD�OD�RDPHQL�"5�7HOHIRQXO�����Ì�&H�VWD�GXSD�XVD��VL�FkQG�LQWUL�vQ�FDVD�vWL�GD�VXWXUL�vQ�IXQG"5�2�PDVLQD�DXWRPDWD�GH�GDW�VXWXUL�vQ�IXQG�����Ì�&H�VWD�GXSD�XVD�VL�FkQG�LQWUL�vQ�FDVD�18�vWL�GD�VXWXUL�vQ�IXQG"5�2�PDVLQD�DXWRPDWD�GH�GDW�VXWXUL�vQ�IXQG�URPkQHDVFD�

Page 358: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�����&H�H�PDUH��XUkW��IDFH�]JRPRW��VFRDWH�IXP�VL�WDLH�PRUFRYLL�vQ��"5�0DVLQD�URPDQHDVFD�GH�WDLDW�PRUFRYLL�vQ��������&H�H�PLF��YHUGH�VL�XPEOD�SULQ�SDGXUH�"5�0LFXO�YHUGH�GH�SDGXUH������&H�HVWH�PLF��DOE��FX�DULSLRDUH�VL�VXJH�VDQJHOH�RDPHQLORU"5�7DPSRQXO�DGH]LY��/LEUHVVH�������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�QHJUX�VL�R�DQYHORSD�GH�PDVLQD"5�$QYHORSD�QX�FDQWD��*RVSHO��FkQG�vL�SXL�ODQWXUL������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�LQWUH�XQX�FDUH�FDGH�GH�OD�HWDM�VXSHULRU���������Q��VL�XQX�FDUH�FDGH�GH�OD�HWDMXO���"5�$OD�FDUH�FDGH�GH�OD���������IDFH��$$$$$$$$$$$$��EXI��DOD�FDUH�FDGH�GH�OD���IDFH��EXI��$$$$$$$$$$������&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�LQWUH������GH�XUVL�DOEL�VL�XQ�XUV�DOE�"5�����XUVL�DOEL������&H�H�YHUGH�FX�URVX�VL�VH�PLVFD�FX����PLOH�SH�RUD"5�2�EURDVFD�LQWU�XQ�PL[HU������&H�L�PLF�VL�YHUGH�VL�PHUJH�SH�SHUHWH"5�8Q�FDVWUDYHWH�FX�YRLQWD�������6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRL�YkQDWRUL�6L�PRU�DPkQGRL��������8Q�SXQFW�QHJUX�FDUH�XUFD�SH�DOE�8Q�SDLDQMHQ�DVFHQGHQW�SH�SHUHWH�������8Q�SXQFW�DOE�FDUH�FRERDUD�SH�DOE�8Q�SDLQDQMHQ�DVFHQGHQW�FDUH�FRERDUD�SH�SHUHWH�������8Q�SXQFW�QHJUX�FX�GRXD�GXQJL�DOEH�8Q�SXULFH�FX�EUHWHOH�DOEH�������8Q�SXQFW�DOE�FX�GRXD�GXQJL�QHJUH�8Q�SXL�GH�SXULFH�FX�EUHWHOH�QHJUH�������'RL�FDL�VWDX�vQ�SLYQLWD�VL�WDLH�EHQ]LQD�FX�ILHUDVWUDXO��8Q�OLIW�FRERDUD�VFDULOH�VL�]LFH�vQ�JkQGXO�VDX��%DDDD��FH�FKHVWLH���������'RL�FDL�VWDX�vQ�SLYQLWD�VL�WDLH�EHQ]LQD�FX�ILHUDVWUDXO��2�VXUXEHOQLWD�LQWUD�SH�XVD�SYQLWHL�R�LD�vQ�VXV�SH�SHUHWH��VH�WkUDVWH�SHWDYDQ�SkQD�OD�SHUHWHOH�RSXV��DSRL�vQ�MRV�SH�SHUHWH�VL�LHVH�DIDUD�SH�XVD�FHDODOWD��=LFH�XQ�FDO��$L�YD]XW�DVWD"&HODODOW�FDO��'D��DWD�QX�GD�QLFLRGDWD��%XQD�]LXD���������'RXD�EORFXUL�VWDX�vQ�SRP��7UHF�GRL�SROLWLVWL�SH�DFROR��=LFH�XQXO��&H�FDXWDWL�PDL�DLFL"/D�FDUH�XQ�EORF��'H�FH�H�GHMD�RUD�FLQFL"��������8Q�RP�PHUJH�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�YHGH�R�FLXSHUFD��6H�DSURSLH�VL�]LFH��2RRR��R�FLXSHUFD�&LXSHUFD�VH�vQWRDUFH�VL�]LFH��(L�VL��������9DULDQWD�8Q�RP�PHUJH�SULQ�SDGXUH�VL�YHGH�R�FLXSHUFD��6H�DSURSLH�VL�]LFH��2RRR��R�FLXSHUFD�&LXSHUFD�VH�vQWRDUFH�VL�]LFH��2RRR��XQ�RP����

Page 359: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRXD�VXEPDULQH�vQ�GHVHUW��=LFH�XQXO��6L"���'DU�FHODODOW��6L�FH"�������'RXD�YDFL�VWDX�SH�DUDWXUD�VL�FRVHVF�SHWURO��8Q�FDO�WUHFH�vQ�]ERU�SH�OkQJD�HOH��=LFH�XQD��7UHEXLH�FD�H�XQ�FXLE�SULQ�DSURSLHUH���'DU�FHDODOWD��1XXXX��DVWLD�VXQW�FDL�FDODWRUL��=ERDUD�vQ�WDULOH�FDOGH��������'RXD�VXEPDULQH�vQ�VDOD�GH�FLQHPD��/D�XQ�PRPHQWGDW�LQWUD�XWDQF��=LFH�XQ�VXEPDULQ��8Q�WDQF��&H�WkPSHQLH��������9LQH�XQ�RP�GXSD�FROW��3OHDFD�DXWREX]XO���9LQH�XQ�DXWREX]�GXSD�FROW��3OHDFD�RPXO���9LQH�XQ�DXWREX]�FDWUH�RP��3OHDFD�FROWXO�������6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRXD�FRVXUL��8QGHL�IUDWH�WX"�(�VWRUV�������7UHL�FDL�SDVWHDX�SH�R�SDMLVWH��XQXO�DOE��XQXO�QHJUX�VL�XQXO�PDL�vQFROR�����%XOD�PHUJHD�SH�FDO��'LQWU�R�GDWD�R�SLFDW��'H�FH"�6�R�WHUPLQDW�FDOX�������&LFD�RGDWD�XQ�FDUXWDV�PHUJHD�SH�XQ�GUXP����'LLLHHH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YHGH�XQ�FURFRGLO�YHQLQG�VSUH�HO�&URFRGLOXO����%XQD�]LXD�FDUXWDVXOH��&H�PDL�IDFL"&DUXWDVXO����'RDPQH�IHUHVWH����1�DP�PDL�YD]XW�FURFRGLO�YRUELWRU�'D�FDOXO����1LFL�HX�����'RL�SXULFL�SH�R�PRWRFLFOHWD��'HRGDWD�XQX�GLQWUH�HL�]LFH��2SUHVWH�ED�FD�PL�D�LQWUDW�R�PXVFD�vQ�RFKL������'RL�SXUHFL���0HUJHP�SH�MRV��VDX�OXDP�XQ�FLLQH�"����'RL�FURFRGLOL�IDFHDX�IORWDUL�SH�PDUH�1LQR�QLQR�QLQR����YLQH�SD]D�GH�FRDVWD��&H�VDSDWL�ED�DLFL�"�$DD��QXXX������IDFHDP�IORWDUL���&HHH�"�6H�FRQILVFD������&LFD�RGDWD�XQ�FDUXWDV�PHUJHD�SH�XQ�GUXP����'LLLHHH��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YHGH�XQ�FURFRGLO�YHQLQG�VSUH�HO�&URFRGLOXO����%XQD�]LXD�FDUXWDVXOH��&H�PDL�IDFL"&DUXWDVXO����'RDPQH�IHUHVWH����1�DP�PDL�YD]XW�FURFRGLO�YRUELWRU�'D�FDOXO����1LFL�HX�����8Q�DUDE�VFXWXUD�XQ�FRYRU�GH�OD�HWDMXO���8Q�WUHFDWRU�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�DUH��QX�SRUQHVWH"����0HUJHDX�SH�VLQD�GH�FDOH�IHUDWD���EHWLYDQL��$XDOHX�FH�GH�VFDUL�LQ�EORFXO�DVWD����6L�FH�UHFH�H�EDOXVWUDGD����,D�VVVVW��LD�X]L��YLQH�VL�OLIWXO���

Page 360: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����'RXD�EXIQLWH�SH�FUDFD�3ULPD��%XKXKX��$�GRXD��%XKXKX�LQ�S D�PDWLL�FD�P�DL�VSHULDW�����'RXD�URVLL�SH�OLQL�GH�WUHQ���8QD��9H]L�FD�YLQH�WUHQXO�&HDODOWD��(WH������IOHRVF�����'RXD�PLQJLL�vQ�GHVHUW��0DPD�VSXQH�ILFHL��8LWH�DVWD�H�XQ�FDFWXV��=L�VL�WX��&DFWXVVVVVVVVVVV�����'RXD�EDORDQH�VH�vQDOWDX�vQ�DHU��������3ULPXO��0DL�SRWL"$O���OHD��0DL�SRW��0DL�SRWL"�0DL�32&&&&��������'RXD�EDORDQH�vQ�GHVHUW�]LFH�XQXO��9H]L�FD�vQ�IDWD�QRDVWUD�HVWH�XQ�FDFWXVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV�������0HUJHDX�GRL�WLSL�SULQ�GHVHUW��XQX�FDUD�LQ�VSDWH�R�ELFLFOHWD�VL�DOWX�R�FDELQD�WHOHIRQLFD��&HO�FX�FDELQD�LQWUHDED���'H�FH�FDUL�PD�ELFLFOHWD�DVWD�GXSD�WLQH�"�&LQG�YLQ�EHGXLQLL�PD�VXL�SH�HD�VL�IXJ�FkW�SRW��'D�WX�GH�FH�FDUL�FDELQD�WHOHIRQLFD�"�&LQG�YLQ�EHGXLQLL�DUXQF�FDELQD�FD�VD�IXJ�PDL�UHSHGH�������0HUJHD�R�EURDVFD�SULQ�GHVHUW�VL�VH�XVFD�DO�GUDFX��'HRGDWD�SULPHVWH�XQ�SXPQ�LQ�FHDID��6H�XLWD�LPSUHMXU��QLPLF��QLVLS�VLFHU�VHQLQ�0DL�PHUJH�R�EXFDWD��PDL�SULPHVWH�XQ�SXPQ�vQ�FHDID��ÌPSUHMXU��QLPLF��FHU�VHQLQ��8LWH�DVD�D�SULPLW�EURDVFD�GRL�SXPQL�GLQVHQLQ�����7UHL�EURVFXWH�PDILRWH�LQ�GHVHUW�SULPD�VDUH�VL�]LFH�2$&���D�GRXD�VDUH�VL�]LFH�2$&��D�WUHLD�VDUH�VL�]LFH�2$&��2$&�3ULPHOH�GRXD�R�RPRDUD�SH�D�WUHLD�ÌQWUHEDUH��'H�FH"5DVSXQV��)LLQGFD�VWLD�SUHD�PXOWH�����0kLQH�vQ�GHVHUW��GRXD�YDFL��VWDWHDX�vQWU�XQ�EUDG�VL�FURVHWDX�DSD�PLQHUDOD�FX�GRXD�FDUDPL]L�7UHFH�XQ�HOHIDQW�LQ�]ERU�VL�OH�vQWUHDED���&DW�H�FHDVXO"8QD�VFRDWH�XQ�WHUPRPHWUX�VL�]LFH��$]L�H�YLQHUL��VH�GDX�UHVWDQWHOH�GH�MRL�������'HSDUWH��SHVWH����PDUL��SHVWH����WDUL��SHVWH����RFHDQH��SHVWH����PXQWL��SHVWH����YDL��SHVWH����GHDOXUL��SHVWH����WXUPH�GHRL��HUD�R�LQVXOD�PLFD��PLFD�vQ�PLMORFXO�FDUHLD�VH�DIOD�R�FRFLRDED��LDU�LQ�FRFLRDED�ORFXLD�XQ�SXVWQLF��ÌQWU�R�GLPLQHDWD��VHWUH]HVWH��LHVH�GLQ�FRFLRDED��SULYHVWH�VRDUHOH�UDVDULQG�GHDVXSUD�RFHDQXOXL��VH�vQWLLLLQGHHHH�����VL�VSXQH�FDVFkQG��$DDDDDDKKK��ED�GD�FH�GHSDUWH�VWDX������'RL�RUEL�OD�FLQHPDWRJUDI��6H�DVHD]D�LQ�XOWLPXO�UkQG��3HVWH���PLQXWH�XQXO�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�FHODODOW���9H]L�"�1X�����$WXQFL�KDL�PDL�vQ�IDWD��������8Q�WLS�PHUJHD�FX�PDVLQD�vQ�DIDUD�RUDVXOXL��FkQG�GHRGDWD�L�VH�RSUHVWH�PRWRUXO��&XP�QX�VH�SULFHSHD�GHORF��vVL�VPXOJHDSDUXO�GLQ�FDS�GH�QHFD]��FkQG�DSDUH�XQ�FDO�DOE�VL�L�VSXQH��9H]L�FD�H�vQIXQGDW�FDUEXUDWRUXO��vL�VSXQH�FH�VD�IDFD�VL�SOHDFD�7LSXO�UDPkQH�PDVFD��GDU�IDFH�FH�L�D�]LV�FDOXO�VL�PLQXQH��PRWRUXO�SRUQHVWH��6H�RSUHVWH�vQ�SULPXO�RUDV�OD�SULPXO�SROLWLVW�VL�LSRYHVWHVWH�WRWXO��1�R�VD�FUHGHWL�FH�PL�V�D�vQWDPSODW��PHUJHDP�FX�PDVLQD��GHRGDWD�PRWRUXO�V�D�RSULW�VL�D�DSDUXW�XQ�FDO�FDUH�PL�D�VSXV�FXP�VD�OUHSDU��&H�FXORDUH�DYHD�FDOXO��DOE�VDX�QHJUX�"���vQWUHDED�SROLWLVWXO��$OE�

Page 361: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�'RPOH��$L�DYXW�PDUH�QRURF�FD�QX�HUD�DOD�QHJUX��FD�VL�DOD�vWL�VSXQH��GDU�QX�VH�SULFHSH������8Q�FLREDQ��GXSD�R�IXUWXQD��vVL�SLHUGH�R�RDLH��3OHFkQG�vQ�FDXWDUHD�HL�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�FX�XQ�RP�FDUH�VDSD�FHYD��&LREDQXO�vOvQWUHDED�GDFD�QX�D�YD]XW�R�RDLH�LDU�DFHVWD�LL�VSXQH�FD�DUH�GH�VDSDW�GH�DLFL�SDQD�DFROR��FH�UDPDQH�VDS�VL�PDLQH��&LREDQXO�vLVSXQH�FD�QX�O�LQWHUHVHD]D�FH�IDFH�VL�vL�UHSHWD�vQWUHEDUHD�OD�FDUH�RPXO�vL�GD�DFHODVL�UDVSXQV��3XWLQ�LULWDW��FLREDQXO�vL�PDL�SXQHvQFD�R�GDWD�vQWUHEDUHD�LDU�RPXO�vL�UDVSXQGH�FD�DUH�GH�VDSDW�GH�DLFL�SkQD�DFROR��FH�UDPkQH�VDS�VL�PDLQH��&LREDQXO�SOHDFDODVkQGX�O�VD�VDSH�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�VL�GXSD�R�]L�GH�FDXWDUH�vVL�JDVHVWH�RDLD�ÌQWRUFDQGX�VH��vO�JDVHVWH�SH�QHEXQ�VDSkQG�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH��&LREDQXO�YD]kQGX�O�L�VH�IDFH�PLOD�GH�HO�VL�VH�KRWDUHVWH�VD�L�GHD�OXLRDLD�GDU�QHEXQXO�vL�VSXQH�FD�DUH�GH�VDSDW�GH�DLFL�VL�SkQD�DFROR��FH�UDPDQH�VDS�VL�PkLQH��ÌQWU�XQ�WDU]LX��WRW�FHUWkGX�VH�vQWUH�HLWUHFH�SH�OkQJD�HL�XQ�SROLWDL�FDODUH�VL�vL�vQWUHDED�FH�VH�vQWDPSOD�&LREDQXO�vL�VSXQH�FD�QHEXQXO�VDSD�GH�WUHL�]LOH�VL�WRW�QX�JDVHVWHQLPLF�VL�DP�YUXW�VD�L�GDX�OXL�RDLD�VL�HO�LPL�WRW�VSXQH�FD�DUH�GH�VDSDW�GH�DLFL�VL�SkQD�DFROR��FH�UDPDQH�VDSD�VL�PkLQH��3ROLWDLXOXLWkQGX�VH�FkQG�OD�XQXO��FkQG�OD�FHODODOW�VL�vQWU�XQ�WDU]LX�OH�VSXQH���%D����YRL�YUHWL�VD�PL�IXUDWL�FDOXO�����%DFLXO�LVL�SDVWH�RLOH�SH�FXOPHD�PXQWHOXL��6H�DSURSLH�XQ�WXULVW��%XQD�]LXD��EDFLXOH��)UXPRDVH�RL�DL��0GD��IUXPRDVH��$OHD�DOEH��'D�DOHD�QHJUH�"�3DL����VDOHD�QHJUH��'DU�ODSWH�GDX�"�'DX��FXP�VD�QX�GHD��$OHD�DOEH��'D�DOHD�QHJUH�"�3DL����VDOHD�QHJUH��'DU�PLHL�IDF�"�)DDDF��0LHL�PXOWL�VL�VDQDWRVL��$OHD�DOEH��'D�DOHD�QHJUH�"�3DL����VDOHD�QHJUH��'DU�FHYD�OkQD�VFRWL�GH�SH�HOH�"�/kQD"�'DX�PXXXOWD�OkQD��$OHD�DOEH��'D�DOHD�QHJUH�"�3DL����VDOHD�QHJUH��%DFLXOH��GH�FH�VSXL�PHUHX�DOHD�DOEH"�&H�DX�RLOH�DOEH�GHRVHELW�"�3DL����DOHD�DOEH�VXQW�DOH�PHOH��'D�DOHD�QHJUH�"�3DL����VDOHD�QHJUH�����8Q�EDUEDW�WUHFXW�ELQH�GH�SULPD�WLQHUHWH�LQWUD�OD�XQ�ERUGHO�QRX�GHVFKLV��$UXQFkQG�SULYLUL�SLH]LVH�vQ�VWkQJD�VL�vQ�GUHDSWD�VHvQGUHDSWD�VSUH�R�PDVD�FD�XQ�ELURX�GH�UHFHSWLH��XQGH�XQ�WDQDU�EXWRQD�GH�]RU�OD�XQ�FRPSXWHU���+P�+P��]LFH�EDUEDWXO�QRVWUX��2��ELQH�DWL�YHQLW�OD�VWDELOLPHQWXO�QRVWUX�FRPSXWHUL]DW�XQGH�VHUYLFLLOH�VXQW�RUJDQL]DWH�GXSD�XOWLPHOH�PRGHOH�HFRQRPLFH��]LFHWkQDUXO��&X�VLJXUDQWD�GRULWL�VD�DYHWL�R�FRPSDQLH�SODFXWD��9D�URJ�PHUJHWL�SH�DFHVW�FXORDU�OXPLQDW�GLVFUHW��VL�GDFD�GRULWLEORQGH��OXDWL�R�OD�GUHDSWD��GDFD�GRULWL�DOWFHYD��OXDWL�R�OD�VWkQJD��+P��+P��GD��ELQH��PDL�]LFH�VL�EDUEDWXO�FDXWDWRU�GH�GLVWUDFWLH��VL�SDVHVWH�SH�FXORDU�OD�GUHDSWD��ÌQ�IDWD�vL�DSDUX�XQ�PLF�WRXFK�VFUHHQ�VHOHFWLRQ�V\VWHP�SXV�LQ�IDWD�D�GRXD�XVL�LGHQWLFH���'RULWL�R�EORQGD�L�vQDOWD��SUHVV���VDX�LL��VFXQGD��SUHVV���]LFHD�HFUDQXO�0RUPDLQG�FHYD�QHLQWHOLJLELO��EDUEDWXO�DSDVD�UHSHGH����8VD�GLQ�VWkQJD�JOLVD�LPHGLDW�OD�SHUHWH��LQYLWDWRU��3DVLQG�vQDXQWUX�FOLHQWXO�QRVWUX�FDUH�HUD�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL��KRW��JDVHVWH�XQ�KROLVRU�GLVFUHW�FX�XQ�QRX�WRXFK�VFUHHQ���'RULWL�R�EORQGD�vQDOWD�FXL�VkQL�PDUL��SOHDVH�SUHVV����VDX�LL��FX�VkQL�PLFL��SOHDVH�SUHVV����]LFHD�HFUDQXO��0kUUDLQG�FHYD�PDL�WDUH��RPXO�QRVWUX�DSDVDQHUDEGDWRU�SH����,PHGLDW��R�XVD�PDVFDWD�vQ�]LG�VH�GHFKLGH��LQYLWkQG�GLQ�QRX��PDL�GHSDUWH��'LQ�QRX�XQ�FXORDU��FX�IUXPRDVHSLFWXUL�QXGH�SH�SHUHWL��VL�GH�DFXP�FXQRVFXWXO�WRXFK�VFUHHQ���GRULWL�EORQGH�vQDOWH��FX�VkQL�PDUL�VL�VSHFLDOL]DWH�vQ�L�SHUYHUVLXQL�SOHDVH�SUHVV����VDX�LL��VSHFLDOL]DUH�vQ�VH[�FODVLF�SOHDVH�SUHVV����]LFHD�HFUDQXO�GH�GDWD�DVWD�1HPDLSXWkQGX�VL�VWDSkQL�XQ�ULFWXV�QHUYRV��RPXO�QRVWUX�GD�FX�SXPQXO�vQ�HFUDQ�FX�DSUR[LPDWLH�vQ�]RQD�XQGH�VFULH����VL��vQFHW�FX�R�PX]LFD�ODVFLYD��R�QRXD�XVD�VH�GHFKLGH�vQ�IDWD�VD��2PXO�VH�UHSHGH�SULQ�XVD�FD�XQ�XUDJDQ��&kQG�VH�XLWD�LQ�MXU��VH�WUH]HVWHSH�WURWXDU��vQ�DIDUD�FODGLULL��=PXOJkQGX�VL�SDUXO��IXULRV��RPXO�RFROHVWH�FODGLUHD�VL�LQWUD�GLQ�QRX�OD�ELURXO�GH�UHFHSWLH��&H�L��KPPP��FH�L�DVWD��GRPQXOH"�XUOD�HO�OD�WkQDUXO�UHFHSWLRQHU��:HOO��UDVSXQGH�WkQDUXO��IHWHOH�Q�DX�VRVLW�vQFD��GDU�VSHUDP�FD�Y�D�SODFXW�PXOW�RUJDQL]DUHD�QRDVWUD�������7UHL�OLSRYHQL�DVWHDSWD�SH�PDOXO�'XQDULL�VD�VH�SULQGD�FHYD�vQ�XQGLWD��'HRGDWD�DSDUH�XQ�SRUF�PLVWUHW��0D��GDFD�DU�IL�&ODXGLD�6KLIIHU��]LFH�SULPXO��$U�IL�ELQH�VL�GDFD�DU�IL�QHYDVWD�PHD��]LFH�DO�GRLOHD�$O�WUHLOHD�WDFH�SXWLQ��DSRL�H[FDOPD�FX�QDGXI��&HO�PDL�ELQH�DU�IL�GDFD�DU�IL�vQWXQHULF�����6XQW�RERVLW

Page 362: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

'H�FkWLYD�DQX�GDX�YLQD�SH�YkUVWD��VXSDUDUL��OLSVD�GH�YLWDPLQH��SROXDUH��REH]LWDWH��UHJLP�SROLWLF��VL�R�PXOWLPH�GH�DOWH�VXIHULQWHFDUH�WH�IDF�VD�WH�vQWUHEL�GDFD�YLDWD�PHULWD�WUDLWD��'DU�DFXP��DP�GHVFRSHULW�FD�18�DFHVWHD�VXQW�PRWLYHOH�6XQW�RERVLW�SHQWUX�FD�081&(6&�35($�08/7���3RSXODWLD�WDULL�HVWH�GH������������GH�ORFXLWRUL��GLQWUH�FDUH�����������VXQW�SHQVLRQDUL�0DL�UDPkQ������������FDUH�VD�PXQFHDVFD�ÌQ�VFROL�VXQW�����������HOHYL�VL�SURIHVRUL�0DL�UDPkQ������������FDUH�VD�PXQFHDVFD�����������VXQW�VRPHUL��LDU�����������OXFUHD]D�vQ�DGPLQLVWUDWLD�GH�VWDW�0DL�UDPkQ�����������FDUH�VD�PXQFHDVFD�'LQWUH�HL������������VXQW�vQ�DUPDWD�0DL�UDPkQ�����������FDUH�VD�PXQFHDVFD���������VXQW�vQFKLVL�vQ�SXVFDULL����������VXQW�vQ�VSLWDOH��KDQGLFDSDWL�VDX�QX��LDU���������OXFUHD]D�vQ�DGPLQLVWUDWLLOH�ORFDOH�0DL�UDPkQ����'2,��RDPHQL�FDUH�VD�PXQFHDVFD�78�VL�(8�,DU�78�67$,�VD�FLWHVWL�FKHVWLD�DVWD���1LFL�QX�PD�PLU�FD�VXQW�DVD�GH�RERVLW�������'RL�WLSL�vO�DOHUJDX�SH�XQ�DOW�WLS�GRULQG�VD�SXQD�PkQD�SH�HO�VL�DSRL�VD�O�OLQVH]H��)XJH�DVWD�GLQ�XUPD�FD�GLVSHUDWX�SH�PXQWH�DVWLD�GXSD�HO�9HGH�WLSX�R�SHVWHUD�LQWUD�VL�VH�DVFXQGH��ÌQVD�LQ�SHVWHUD�SXWHD�GH�WH�vQGRLD�$LODOWL�GRL�vO�FDXWD�SH�ODQJD�SHVWHUD��GDU�vQ�SHVWHUD�QX�DYHDX�WXSHX�VD�LQWUH��QX�O�JDVHVF�VL�vQWU�XQ�WkU]LX�SOHDFD�RIWLFDWL�'XSD�YUHR�RUD�LHVH�WLSXO�OD�JXUD�SHVWHULL�PDL�PXOW�OHVLQDW��ÌO�GRERUkVH�PLURVXO�GDU�GH�IULFD�vQGXUDVH�7RFPDL�DWXQFL�WUHFHD�SH�DFROR�XQ�FLREDQ�FDUH�VLPWH�PLURVXO�VL�vO�LQWUHDED�SH�WLS�FDUH�VWDWHD�OD�LQWUDUHD�vQ�SHVWHUD��0DL��RPXOH�GD�FH�SXWH�vQ�SHVWHUD�DLD�FD�QX�PDL�SRDWH�RPXO�VD�UHVSLUH�FkQG�WUHFH�SH�DLFL"�$SRL�EDGH�FLFD�WUDLD�RGDWD�9HUGH�LPSDUDW�FDUH�DYHD�GRL�ILL�$VWLD�HUDX�GLVSHUDWL�SHQWUX�FD�EDODXUXO�FDUH�WUDLD�vQ�SHVWHUD�DVWD�LHVHD�OD�FDWH�WUHL�OXQL�DIDUD�VL�OH�PDQFD�FkWH�R�VXWD�GH�IHPHLGLQ�UHJDW�$WXQFL�ILXO�FHO�PDL�PDUH�VH�GXFH�OD�WDWVX�VL�vL�]LFH��7DWD�PD�GXF�VD�PD�OXSW�FX�EDODXUXO�FD�DVWD�vQ�VFXUW�WLPS�QH�PDQkQFD�WRDWH�IHPHLOH�VL�Q�R�VD�PDL�DYHP�6H�GXFH�DVWD�VH�EDWH�FX�EDODXUXO�GDU�EDODXUXO�vO�PDQkQFD��6H�GXFH�GXSD�DLD�ILXO�FHO�PLF�VH�EDWH�FX�EDODXUXO�VL�vQ�FHOH�GLQ�XUPDvQYLQJH��+R�+R��EUH��]LFH�FLREDQXO��GDU�FH�OHJDWXUD�DX�WRDWH�DVWHD�FX�WUHDED�QRDVWUD�"�(X�WH�DP�LQWUHEDW�GH�FH�SXWH�DVD�WDUH�LQ�SHVWHUDDVWD"�$SRL�QX�VWLX��]LFH�WLSXO��V�R�IL�FDFDW�FDUHYD�����8Q�WDUDQ�vVL�FXPSDUD�R�GUXMED�GLQ�%XFXUHVWL��'UXMED�HUD�JDUDQWDWD�VD�WDLH������FRSDFL��6H�GXFH�WDUDQXO�QRVWUX�DFDVD��vQSDGXUH�VL�VH�DSXFD�GH�WDLDW�FRSDFL��'XSD�FH�WDLH������GH�FRSDFL�GUXMED�QX�PDL�PHUJH��1HUYRV��VH�GXFH�vQDSRL�OD�%XFXUHVWL��ODILUPD�GH�XQGH�D�FXPSDUDW�GUXMED�VL�OH�H[SOLFD�FHORU�GH�DFROR�vQWkPSODUHD�$VWLD�R�SRUQHVF�ELQH�PHUVL�/D�FDUH�WDUDQXO��'D�FH�L�FX�]JRPRWXO�DVWD��EDL"����'RXD�VXEPDULQH�LHV�OD�VXSUDIDWD�&DSLWDQLL�VH�vQWkOQHVF�3ULPXO�vQWUHDED��&kWL�"$�GRLOHD�UDVSXQGH��&LQFL��3ULPXO�vQWUHDED��&H�FLQFL�"$O�GRLOHD�vQWUHDED��&H�FkWL"����8Q�FkUG�GH�FURFRGLOL�]EXUDX�GHDVXSUD�XQHL�FDVH�SH�FDUH�SDVWHDX�PDL�PXOWH�YDFL�8Q�FURFRGLO�VWULJD�OD�R�YDFD��)D��FLW�H�FHDVX"�7UHL�OD�GRL�SHQWUX�6WHDXD�����7UHL�OLOLHFL�vQWU�R�SHVWHUD��DWkUQDWL�FX�FDSX�Q�MRV��'HRGDWD�XQXO�GLQ�HL�VH�vQWRDUFH�FX�FDS�Q�VXV��8QXO�GLQ�FHL�DWkUQDWL�]LFH��,D�XLWH�OD�ERXO�DVWD��D�OHVLQDW�GLQ�QRX�����2�IDPLOLH�GH�FURFRGLOL�WUDLD�SH�PDOXO�XQXL�UkX�GLQ�$QJROD�VL�DYHD�GRL�SXL�&URFRGLORDLFD�vL�vQYDWD�VD�vQRDWH��LDU�FURFRGLOXO�OH�DGXFHD�KUDQD��ÌQWU�R�QRDSWH��FHL�GRL�SXL�WUHVDU�GLQ�VRPQ�VL�vQFHS�VD�VWULJH����-RV�VHJUHJDWLD�UDVLDOD������7UDLDVFD�OLEHUWDWHD�QHJULORU������7UDLDVFD�3DWULFH�/XPXPED���'XSD�FH�L�DX�SRWROLW�VL�L�DX�FXOFDW�GLQ�QRX��FURFRGLORDLFD�vO�FHDUWD�SH�FURFRGLO��7L�DP�VSXV�VD�QX�OH�PDL�GDL�FRSLLORU�VD�PDQvQFH�SDUWL]DQL�FD�YH]L�FH�XUPDUL�VXQW�����8Q�YXOWXU�VH�vPEDWD�FUXQW�OD�EDUXO�GLQ�YkUIXO�PXQWHOXL�

Page 363: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

'HVFKLGH�JHDPXO�EDUXOXL���VH�DUXQFD���vQFHDUFD�VD�]ERDUH�QX�UHXVHVWH�VL�FDGH�EUXVF��%DJ�SLFLRUX�LDU�PD�GXF�SH�MRV�DFDVD��������7UHL�SRUFL�vQWU�R�EDUFD��8QXO�GLQWUH�HL��&kW�H�FHDVXO"�0DUWL��1LFL�R�PDVD�IDUD�SHVWH�����2�YXOSH�OD�IXUDW�GDGHD�WkUFRDOH�OD�XQ�FRWHW��'DGHD�WkUFRDOH����GDGHD�WkUFRDOH����GDGHD�WkUFRDOH���GDGHD�WkUFRDOH����GDGHDWkUFRDOH����GDGHD�WkUFRDOH����GLQWU�R�GDWD�VH�RSUHVWH�'H�FH�V�D�RSULW�YXOSHD"�$�5$0$6�)$5$�7Æ5&2$/(�����9DULDQWD�8Q�WLS�GDGHD�WkUFRDOH�XQXL�WXILV��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VH�RSUHVWH�'H�FH"1X�PDL�DYHD�WkUFRDOH�������8Q�YXOWXU�]EXUD��IkO���IkO���IkO���IkO���2�YUDELH�SH�OkQJD�HO��1HQH�YXOWXUH��QHQH�YXOWXUH��8QGH�]ERUL�PDWDOH�"9XOWXUXO��IkO���IkO���IkO���IkO�����9UDELD��1HQH�YXOWXUH��QHQH�YXOWXUH��8QGH�]ERUL�PDWDOH�"9XOWXUXO��IkO���IkO���IkO���IkO���9UDELD��1HQH�YXOWXUH��QHQH�YXOWXUH��8QGH�]ERUL�PDWDOH�"9XOWXUXO�=ERU���XQGH�YUHD�SX D�PHD�������8Q�WLS�SOLQ�GH�JDXUL�PHUJH�SH�R�VWUDGD�/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�VH�vPSLHGLFD�VL�R�JDXUD�FDGH�SH�MRV�0LUDW�WLSXO�VH�DSOHDFD�VD�R�ULGLFH�VL�FDGH�VL�HO�vQ�HD����ÌQ�DQXO������GRL�DOLJDWRUL�OD�PDOXO�XQXL�UkX�IDF�FRQYHUVDWLH��'HPXOW�GH�WRW�SXWHDP�vQRWD�&HODODOW�FURFRGLO��'D��GD��GHPXOW�HUDP�GH�FXORUH�YHUGH�����&H�VD�L�IDFL��KDL�VD�ODVDP�SDODYUDJHDOD�VL�VD�]EXUDP�PDL�GHSDUWH�VD�VWUkQJHP�SROHQXO�GLQ�IORUL�������'RXD�SLFDWXUL�GH�ODSWH�vQGUDJRVWLWH�JkQJXUHVF��ÌQWUHDED�HD��'UDJXO�PHX��FH�DL�]LFH�VD�QH�FDVDWRULP�VL�VD�DYHP�PXOWL�FRSLL�vPSUHXQD"/D�FDUH�HO�RIWkQG��$VWD�FX�FRSLL�QX�PHUJH��GLQ�SDFDWH��OD�PLQH��6WLL�HX�VXQW�SDVWHXUL]DW�������(UD�RGDWD�XQ�FLREDQ�FX�RLOH�OXL�FX�WRW�SH�R�SDMLVWH�IUXPRDVD��vQWUH�PXQWL��FX�DSH�FULVWDOLQH�FH�VXVXUDX�VL�FX�SHVWL�]EDQJKLLFH�]EHQJXLDX�vQ�OLQLVWH��6L�QXPD�FXP�VWD�FLREDQX�vQ�JLRDJD�OXL�LDFD�YLQH�XQ�2=1��6H�GHVFKLGH�R�XVD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�GLVSDUD�WRW�PXQWL��DSH��RL��SHVWL��WRW��WRW��/D�FDUH�FLREDQX�UDPDV�XLPLW�]LFH��(�FXP�SDQDD�PHD"����&LFD��vQWU�R�]L��XQ�SRUF�VWDWHD�vQWU�XQ�VWHMDU�VL�SLHUGHD�VL�HO�YUHPHD���9LQH�R�YDFD�VL�VH�DIOD�VL�HD�vQ�WUHDED��&H�IDFL��PDL�SRUFXOH��DFROR�vQ�VWHMDU"�6WDX�VL�LR�FD�XQ�FLXPHF����0D�DMXWL�VL�SH�PLQH�VD�PD�XUF�vQ�VWHMDU��PDL"3RUFXO�UDVSXQGH�LULWDW��&H�VD�IDFL��PD�YDFD��vQ�VWHMDU"�&H�VD�FDXWL�WX�DLFL��VXV�"�+DL��PDL�SRUFXOH��YUHDX�VL�HX�VD�PDQkQF�QLVWH�PHUH��0DL�YDFD��WX�HVWL�VDQDWRDVD"�0HUH�vQ�VWHMDU"�1X��PDL��FD�DP�OD�PLQH����(UD�RGDWD�XQ�FURFRGLO�VL�FURVHWD�QLVWH�FODWLWH�vQWU�XQ�FDFWXV��WUHFH�XQ�HOHIDQW�vQ�]ERU�VL�vQWUHDED��%DL�FURFRGLOH�QX�VWLL�vQFRWUR�H�YHVWXO"/D�FDUH�FURFRGLOXO�FRERDUD�vQILJH�XQ�WHUPRPHWUX�vQ�QLVLS�VL�VSXQH��1X�YH]L�PDL�ERXOH�FD�DLFL�VXQW�FDUWRIL�

Page 364: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�����&kWL"����&H��"�&H�FkWL"����7UHL�PHOFL�SH�VLQD�GH�FDOH�IHUDWD��$WHQWLH�YLQH�XQ�WUHQ��&1$&.��8QGH"�&1$&.��$FROR��&1$&.�����(UD�%XOD�OD�HO�vQ�FXUWH�VL�FUDSD�EHQ]LQD�FX�ILHUDVWUDXO��9LQH�XQ�YHFLQ�VH�XLWD�SHVWH�JDUG�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�IDFL�%XOD"/D�FDUH�%XOD��%D�GD�����Ì�&H�]LFH�R�SLVLFD�vQDLQWH�GH�D�IL�ORYLWD�GH�R�PDVLQD"5�$MXW��������Ì�&H�]LFH�XQ�FkLQH�vQDLQWH�GH�D�IL�ORYLW�GH�R�PDVLQD"5�$MXW��������Ì�&H�]LFH�XQ�HOHIDQW�vQDLQWH�GH�D�IL�ORYLW�GH�R�PDVLQD"5�+DL�QXPDL��YLQR�������'RL�WLSL�VWDX�SH�DFRSHULV��=LFH�XQXO�SULQ]kQGX�O�SH�FHODODOW�GH�PkQD��6D�WH�vPSLQJ�MRV"�1X�PDL�ELQH�ODVD�PDDDDDDDDDD�������6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRXD�SRPSH�GH�EHQ]LQD��=LFH�XQD��6L�FXP�vWL�PDL�PHUJH"�1RUPDO��'DU�WLH"�'LHVHO��������ÌQ�XUPD�FRQYRLXOXL�IXQHUDU�XQ�WUHFDWRU�vQWUHDED�XQ�DOWXO��6FX]DWL�PD��3XWHWL�VD�PL�VSXQHWL�FLQH�H�PRUWXO"�'D��GHVLJXU��$OD�FDUH�PDUJH�FHO�PDL�vQ�IDWD�SH�XPHULL�FHORU�VDVH�EDUEDWL�vQ�FRVWXP��������%XOD�FDGH�vQ�DSD�VL�GD�VD�VH�vQHFH��8Q�RP�VDUH�vQ�ODF�VL�vO�VFRDWH�OD�PDO��'DFD�QX�VWLL�VD�vQQRWL�FH�DL�FDXWDW�vQ�DSD"�(X�VWLX�VD�vQQRW�IRDUWH�ELQH��GDU�DFROR�VFULD�SH�R�WDEOD��vQQRWXO�LQWHU]LV��������*KLFL�JKLFLWRDUHD�PHD�3H�FH�VWDL�]LXD��vQ�FH�GRUPL�QRDSWHD�VL�FX�FH�vWL�VSHOL�GLPLQHDWD�GLQWLL"5�6FDXQXO��SDWXO�VL�SHULXWD�GH�GLQWL�������'RXD�FLXSHUFL�FUHVFXWH�SH�PDUJLQHD�SUDSDVWLHL��=LFH�XQD��'DFD�SLFDP�GH�DLFL�PXULP�DPkQGRXD�&HDODOWD��0DL�WDFL�RGDWD�GLQ�JXUD��FLXSHUFLOH�QX�SRW�YRUEL�������'RL�FDFDWL�GH�FkLQH�VWDX�SH�XQ�]LG�VL�IXPHD]D�KDVLV��9LQH�R�GLDUHH�VL�vQWUHDED��3RW�VD�WUDJ�VL�HX�XQ�IXP"�1X��FH�IXPDP�QRL�H�GRDU�SHQWUX�WLSLL�WDUL�������'RXD�PHUH�VWDX�GH�YRUED�vQ�SRP��2�SDU�WUHFH�vQ�]ERU��8QXO�GLQ�PHUH��+HL��FH�L�DVWD"�3HUHOH�QX�SRW�VD�]ERDUH����'DU�SDUD��'H�FH"�(X�VXQW�R�SDUD�FX�JkW�JRODV���0RWLYH�GLQ�FDUH�6WDU�:DUV�H�PDL�EXQ�GHFkW�7LWDQLFXO

Page 365: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

7LWDQLFXO�H�PDUH�GDU�QX�VH�SRDWH�GHSODVD�FX�YLWH]D�OXPLQLL�<RGD�DU�IL�SXWXW�VD�ULGLFH�7LWDQLFXO�FX�DMXWRUXO��)RUWHL��GLQ�DSD�/HLD�HVWH�SULQWHVD��VHQDWRU��OXSWDWRDUH�SHQWUX�OLEHUWDWH�VL�DVSLUDQWD�OD�WLWOXO�GH�-HGL��5RVH�HVWH�GRDU�R�PRPHDOD�vQ�YHGHUHDFDVDWRULHL�/D�(ZRNVL�SHWUHFHULOH�VXQW�PDL�UHXVLWH�GHFkW�SH�SXQWHD�SULQFLSDOD�VDX�SH�FHD�GH�OD�FDODVD�D�,,,�D�7LWDQLFXO�SUH]LQWD�RDPHQL�VDUDFL�FD�ILLQG�FDUDFWHUH�VLPSDWLFH��6WDU�:DUV�SUH]LQWD�DPILELL�FX�RFKL�VLPSDWLFL�FD�DPLUDOL�$PLUDOXO�FDUH�QX�VL�D�vQGHSOLQLW�PLVLXQHD�18�VL�D�SLHUGXW�QDYD��VSDWLDOD����ÌQ�7LWDQLF�UHFXQRDVWHP�SH�&DO�FD�ILLQG�SHUVRQDMXO�QHJDWLY�SHQWUX�FD�WUDWHD]D�FX�LQGLIHUHQWD�VL�GLVSUHW�VDUDFLL�VL�FD�R�FRQVLGHUDSH�5RVH�SURSULHWDWHD�VD��ÌQ��5D]ERLXO�6WHOHORU��'DUWK�9DGHU�HVWH�SHUVRQDMXO�QHJDWLY�SH�PRWLY�FD�VXJUXPD�RDPHQLL�VL�FDDUXQFD��GLQ�SODFHUH��SODQHWH�vQ�DHU�/HRQDUGR�VWLH�VD�GDQVH]H�GDU�FX�VLJXUDQWD�FD�QX�VWLH�VD�SLORWH]H�XQ�;�:LQJ�ÌQ�5D]ERLXO�6WHOHORU�VXQW�VXILFLHQWH�QDYH�GH�VDOYDUH�6WLWL�FH�IDFH�'DUWK�9DGHU�FX�FHL�FDUH�]LF���,�P�WKH�NLQJ�RI�WKH�ZRUOG�"'DFD�/XNH�DU�IL�IRVW�OHJDW�GH�R�WHDYD�DU�IL�IRORVLW��)RUWD��SHQWUX�D�DMXQJH�OD�FKHLH��0DL�ELQH�SURVWLWXDWD�GHFkW�VRWLD�WD���QX�VXQD�QLFL�SH�GHSDUWH�DVD�GH�ELQH�VL�FRQYLQJDWRU�FD���PDL�ELQH�DV�VDUXWD�XQ�:RRNLH��+DQ�6ROR�HVWH�vQJKHWDW�vQ�FDUERQLG�VL�YD�IL�IRORVLW�FD�VL�WDEORX��/HRQDUGR�vQJKHDWD�vQ�PRGXO�FHO�PDL�QDWXUDO�ÌQFD�GH�OD�vQFHSXWXO�ILOPXOXL�VWLDP�FD�7LWDQLFXO�VH�YD�VFXIXQGD��GDU�FLQH�DU�IL�VWLXW�GH�OD�vQFHSXWXO�ILOPXOXL�FD���/XNH��VXQWWDWDO�WDX��+DQ�6ROR�DU�IL�HYLWDW�JKHWDUXO�FX�XVXULQWD�6WHDXD�PRUWLL�QX�VH�VFXIXQGD��D�VH�FLWL�H[SORGHD]D���vQ�SORDLD�GH�DVWHURL]L�OD�LPSDFWXO�FX�XQXO�VLQJXU���/HFWLH�GH�LVWRULH�FX�GRXD�YDFL6D�]LFHP�FD�FLQHYD�DUH�GRXD�YDFL�VL�WUDLHVWH�vQ���&2081$�35,0,7,9$�1X�H�VLJXU�GDFD�vQ�DFHOH�WLPSXUL�YDFD�D�IRVW�GHMD�GRPHVWLFLWD�)(8'$/,60�)HXGDOXO�vL�LD�LREDJXOXL�R�SDUWH�GLQ�ODSWH�62&,$/,60�'(�7,3�68('(=�*XYHUQXO�WH�REOLJD�VD�EDJL�YDFLOH�WDOH�vQWU�XQ�JUDMG�FRPXQ�VL�WH�REOLJD�VD�vQJULMHVWL�VL�YDFLOH�DOWXLD��GDU�vQ�VFKLPE�vWL�GD�DWkWDODSWH�GH�FkW�DL�QHYRLH�62&,$/,60�$L�GRXD�YDFL��8QD�WUHEXLH�VD�R�IDFL�FDGRX�YHFLQXOXL���&2081,60�$L�GRXD�YDFL��&RQGXFHUHD�vWL�FRQILVFD�FHOH�GRXD�DQLPDOH�VL�vWL�YD�YLQGH�DSRL�ODSWHOH�1$7,21$/�62&,$/,60�$L�GRXD�YDFL��&RQGXFHUHD�vWL�FRQILVFD�FHOH�GRXD�DQLPDOH�VL�SH�WLQH�WH�YD�vPSXVFD�&2081,67�'(�7,3�629,(7,&�*XYHUQXO�WH�REOLJD�VD�EDJL�YDFLOH�WDOH�vQWU�XQ�JUDMG�FRPXQ��SH�WLQH�WH�SXQH�VD�vQJULMHVWL�GH�JDLQL�VL�SH�FHO�FDUH�DYHD�JDLQL�vOSXQH�VD�vQJULMHDVFD�GH�YDFL��7L�VH�GD�QXPDL�DWkWD�ODSWH�VL�RXD�FkW�D�KRWDUkW�FRPLWHWXO�FHQWUDO�DO�SDUWLGXOXL�OD�XOWLPXO�FRQJUHV�',&7$785$�67$/,1,67$�&HOH�GRXD�YDFL�DOH�WDOH�O�DX�MLJQLW�SH�WRYDUDVXO�3RSRZ�VL�DX�IRVW�GHSRUWDWH�vQ�6LEHULD�0$2,60�1X�DL�QLFL�XQD�GLQ�FHOH�GRXD�YDFL�GDU�SHQWUX�DVWD�QX�WH�DIOL�QLFL�vQ�SRVHVLD�XQXL�SRUF��&DVD�WD�YD�IL�DUVD�GH�*DUGD�5RVLH�&$3,7$/,60�3RWL�YLQGH�XQD�GLQ�YDFL�FX�SURILW�PDUH��FD�VD�WL�FXPSHUL�VL�XQ�WDXU�3267&$3,7$/,60�7H�VIOLL�vQ�SRVHVLD�D�GRXD�YDFL�SH�FDUH�vQVD�WUHEXLH�VD�OH�HOLEHUH]L��/DSWHOH�vO�YHL�SULPL�GLQ�VWUDLQDWDWH�VDX�GLQ�,QWHUQHW���/,%(5$/,60�

Page 366: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

$L�GRXD�YDFL��&RQGXFHUHD�vWL�FRQILVFD�FHOH�GRXD�DQLPDOH�VL�vWL�YD�GRQD�DSRL�ODSWHOH�$1$5+,(�9LQ]L�ODSWHOH�GH�OD�FHOH�GRXD�YDFL��SH�FDUH�OH�DL��OD�SLDWD�VL�LHL�XQ�SUHW�UH]RQDELO��GDU�ULVWL�FD�YHFLQLL�VD�WL�IXUH�YDFLOH��IDUD�FDFLQHYD�VD�L�SRDWD�SHGHSVL�3,$7$�&2081$�(8523($1$�ÌQWDL�WL�VH�FRPXQLFD�R�KRWDUkUH�VXSUDJXYHUQDPHQWDOD�D�&RPLVLHL�3LHWLL�&RPXQH�vQ�FDUH�VWD�VFULV�FH�DQXPH�WUHEXLH�VD�GDL�GHPkQFDUH�OD�YDFL��'XSD�DFHHD�HVWL�SODWLW�FD�VD�QX�PDL�PXOJL�YDFLOH��SHQWUX�D�QX�GXFH�OD�XQ�VXUSOXV�H[FHVLY�GH�ODSWH�vQ�FDGUXO3LHWLL�&RPXQH��7X�WDL�XQD�GLQ�YDFL�VL�H[HFXWL�RUGLQXO�GH�D�DUXQFD�ODSWHOH�FHOHLODOWH�YDFL�vQ�FDQDO��3HQWUX�D�MXVWLILFD�GLVSDULWLDYDFLL�WDLDWH�WUHEXLH�vQVD�VD�FRPSOHWH]L�XQ�QXPDU�PDUH�GH�IRUPXODUH��VWDQGDUG��FDUH�WUHEXLH�VD�PHDUJD�OD�%X[HOOHV�OD�&RPLVLD3LHWLL�&RPXQH�7+$7&(5�,60�ÌQ�ORF�GH�GRXD�YDFL�DL�����GDU�WUHEXLH�VD�OH�RPRUL�SHQWUX�FD�DX�%6(�'(02&5$7,(�(1*/(=$�ÌWL�KUDQHVWL�YDFLOH�FX�FUHLHUH�GH�RDLH��9DFLOH�vQQHEXQHVF��GDU�JXYHUQXO�QX�LD�QLFL�R�PDVXUD�)HULWL�YD�GH����YkQDWRUXO�GH�]HVWUH��6WLPDWH�GRPQLVRDUH��QX�YHWL�JDVL�SULQWUH�SUHWHQGHQWLL�OD�PkQD�GY��XQ�RP�PDL�IHUPHFDWRU��PDL�PDQLHUDW�VL�PDL�UDEGDWRU�FDYkQDWRUXO�GH�]HVWUH��GDU�QLFL�VRW�PDL�XUkFLRV��PDL�LQGLIHUHQW�VL�PDL�WLUDQLF�GXSD�FH�VL�D�DWLQV�VFRSXO��1X�FRQIXQGDWL�OLSVD�OXL�GH�GHPQLWDWH�FX�GUDJRVWHD�DGHYDUDWD��SH�FDUH�VH�VWUDGXLHVWH�V�R�PLPH]H�GLQ�WRDWH�SXWHULOH��9kQDWRUXO�GH�]HVWUH�HVWH� XQ� WLS�SDUDGR[DO��QXPDL�GDFD�QH�JkQGLP�FD�HO�XUDVWH� vQ� DFHODVL� WLPS�VL� FX� DFHHDVL� LQWHQVLWDWH� VLVDUDFLD�IDPLOLHL�VDOH��VL�ERJDWLD�IDPLOLHL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��ÌQWU�R�HYHQWXDOD�GLVSXWD�vQWUH�GY��VL�SDULQWL��YkQDWRUXO�GH�]HVWUH�YD�OXD�SDUWHD�FHORU�GLQ�XUPD��LQGLIHUHQW�GDFD�DFHVWLD�DX�VDXQX�GUHSWDWH��5DWLRQDPHQWXO�H�FkW�VH�SRDWH�GH�VLPSOX��SDULQWLL�GY��VXQW�DFHLD�FDUH�SRVHGD��GHRFDPGDWD��JDLQD�FDUH�IDFH�RXD�GHDXU��9kQDWRUXO�GH�]HVWUH�VWLH�ELQH�FD�QX�H[LVWD�OXFUX�PDL�SHULFXORV�SHQWUX�HO�GHFkW�VD�VH�vQGUDJRVWHDVFD�GH�GY���DGLFD�VD�VL�SLDUGDFRQWUROXO��$FHVWD�L�PRWLYXO�SHQWUX�FDUH�YD�FDXWD��VSUH�GHRVHELUH�GH�DOWL�SUHWHQGHQWL��VD�VH�DIOH�FkW�PDL�SXWLQ�WLPS�vQ�FRPSDQLDGY��VL�FkW�PDL�PXOWD�YUHPH�vQ�DFHHD�D�SDULQWLORU�GXPQHDYRDVWUD��'DFD�REVHUYD�FD�YD�VLPWLWL�VLQJXUD��YkQDWRUXO�GH�]HVWUH�QX�YD�H]LWD�VD�YD�VFRDWD�vQ�OXPH�GH�FkWH�RUL�vL�YD�VWD�vQ�SXWLQWD��GDUQXPDL�vQ�ORFXUL�VLJXUH�VL�vQ�FRPSDQLL�OLSVLWH�GH�SULPHMGLL����SHQWUX�HO��9kQDWRUXO�GH�]HVWUH�QX�YD�YRUEL�SH�QLPHQL�GH�ELQH�vQ�SUH]HQWD�GY���SHQWUX�FD�VH�WHPH�JUR]DY�GH�RULFH�QRX�YHQLW�vQ�DQWXUDMXOGY��'DFD�L�EDUEDW��Y�DWL�SXWHD�vQGUDJRVWL�GH�HO�VL�DWXQFL�DGLR�YLVH�GH�PDULUH��GDFD�L�IHPHLH��FLQH�VWLH�FH�Y�DU�SXWHD�VIDWXL�VDX�PDL�UDX��Y�DU�SXWHD�GHVFKLGH�RFKLL�DVXSUD�DGHYDUDWXOXL�VDX�FDUDFWHU�VL�DWXQFL�SUDIXO�V�DU�DOHJH�GH�WRDWH�HIRUWXULOH�VL�VDFULILFLLOHVDOH��'LQ�QHQRURFLUH��VL�YkQDWRUXO�GH�]HVWUH�HVWH�RP��DVD�FD��GXSD�FH�VL�YD�DWLQJH�VFRSXO��UHFWH�EDQLL�GY���QX�YD�WUHFH�PXOW�VL�YDFDGHD�VL�HO�VDJHWDW�GH�]HXO�$PRU��(VWH�PRPHQWXO�FHO�PDL�SHULFXORV��GHRDUHFH��GLQWU�XQ�LQGLYLG�UHFH�VL�FDOFXODW��VR�XO�GY��VH�YDWUDQVIRUPD�vQWU�R�DGHYDUDWD�ILDUD��1X�YD�SUHFXSHWL�DEVROXW�QLPLF��QLFL�WLPS��QLFL�EDQL��QLFL�RQRDUH��SkQD�QX�VH�YD�GHVFRWRURVLGH�GY��ÌQ�FRQGX]LH��GDFD�YUHWL�VD�YD�PDULWDWL�FX�RULFH�SUHW��H�GH�SUHIHUDW�XQ�EDUEDW�PDL�vQ�YkUVWD��GDU�FDUH�YD�LXEHVWH�FX�DGHYDUDW�GHFkW�XQ�YkQDWRU�GH�]HVWUH�FDUH�QX�DUH�QLPLF�VIkQW��vQ�DIDUD�GH����DXU�%DQFXUL�GHVSUH�VH[�VL�VH[H��0DUWLH���(WHUQXO�IHPLQLQ���([LVWHQWD�YLUJLQLWDWLL�QX�DUH�DOWD�H[SOLFDWLH�GHFkW�DFHHD�FD�RULFH�IHPHLH�WUHEXLH�VD�vQFHDSD�GH�XQGHYD����(VWH�SUHIHUDELO�VD�WL�VH�DGXFD�R�FXWLH�GH�VDUGLQH�GHVFKLVD��VFXWLQGX�WH�GH�QHSODFHUHD�GHVFKLGHULL�HL��/D�IHO�VL�FX�YLUJLQHOH���� 'XPQH]HX� O�D� FUHDW� SH� EDUEDW�� DSRL� L�D� IRVW� WHDPD� VD� QX� VH� SOLFWLVHDVFD�� 6L� L�D� GDUXLW� IHPHLD��'XSD� FDUH� FDLQGX�VH�'XPQH]HX�VH�WHPXFD�HD�VD�QX�O�SOLFWLVHDVFD�VL�L�D�GDUXLW�WXWXQXO����)LLQGFD�QX�DX�FDS��IHPHLOH�QX�DX�FH�SLHUGH����)HPHLOH�FLQVWLWH�QX�VL�SRW�LHUWD�QLFLRGDWD�JUHVHOLOH�SH�FDUH�QX�OH�DX�FRPLV����2�IHPHLH�QHVDWLVIDFXWD�HVWH�R�VSHFLH�GH�FDQJXU�FH�XPEOD�PHUHX�FX�XQ�EX]XQDU�JRO����)HPHLOH�VH�WHP�FD�D�IL�VLQFHUH�vQVHDPQD�D�IDFH�VWHDS�WHDVH�

Page 367: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���%LRORJLF�YRUELQG�IHPHLD�HVWH�XQ�DQLPDO�IUXPRV�IDUD�EODQD�VL�D�FDUHL�SLHOH�HVWH�FDXWDWD�IRDUWH�PXOW�����8Q�EDUEDW�DUH�QHYRLH�GH�IHPHLH�FD�SHVWHOH�GH�ELFLFOHWD�����)HPHLOH�VXQW�XQ�GH]LGHUDW�GXSD�FDUH�DOHUJL�WRDWD�YLDWD�VL�FkQG�vQ�VIkUVLW�R�JDVHVWL��vWL�EDJL�SX D�Q�HD�%DQFXUL�VFXUWH�FX�EORQGH0RWWR��)LHFDUH�EORQGD�DVWHDSWD�EDUEDWXO�LGHDO��GDU�SkQD�VD�DSDUD��VH�PDULWD����Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�DWkW�GH�LXELWH�EDQFXULOH�FX�EORQGH"5�3HQWUX�FD�VXQW�XVRU�GH�vQWHOHV�����Ì�&LQH�VXQW�FHL�FDUH�IDF�EDQFXUL�GHVSUH�EORQGH"5�ÌQ�JHQHUDO�VXQW�GH�GRXD�IHOXUL��FHL�FDUH�QX�OH�FXQRVF�VL�FHL�FDUH�OH�FXQRVF�SUHD�ELQH�����Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�EDQFXULOH�FX�EORQGH�DVD�GH�VFXUWH"5�&D�EUXQHWHOH�VD�OH�SRDWD�WLQH�PLQWH�����Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�EDQFXULOH�FX�EORQGH�DVD�GH�VFXUWH"5�3HQWUX�FD�EDUEDWLL�VD�OH�SRDWD�vQWHOHJH�����Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�EDQFXULOH�FX�EORQGH�DVD�GH�VFXUWH"5�3HQWUX�FD�EORQGHOH�VXQW�DWkW�GH�VXSHUILFLDOH�XQ�EDQF�OXQJ�QX�V�DU�SRWULYL�GH�IHO�����Ì�&kWH�EDQFXUL�FX�EORQGH�H[LVWD�"5�8QXO�VLQJXU��UHVWXO�VXQW�UHDOLWDWH���Ì�'H�FH�SRWL�VSXQH�EDQFXUL�FX�EORQGH�XQHL�EORQGH"5�2ULFXP�QX�OH�vQWHOHJH�����Ì�&H�PDQkQFD�R�EORQGD�YLUJLQD"5�0kQFDUH�GH�EHEHOXVL���Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�QX�H�YLUJLQD"5�&UHLRDQHOH�VXQW�OLSLFLRDVH����Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�HVWH�YLUJLQD"5�)RORVHVWH�3DPSHUV����Ì�'H�FH�VH�VSXQH�FD�EORQGHOH�Q�DX�VLPWXO�PDVXULL"5�3HQWUX�FD�OL�VH�VSXQH�FD�DWDWD�����������������LQVHDPQD����FP����Ì�'H�FH�EORQGHOH�DX�JUHXWDWL�OD�DSUHFLHUHD�GLVWDQWHORU"5�&HL�PDL�PXOWL�GLQWUH�EDUEDWLL�FX�FDUH�DX�IRVW�DX�VSXV�FD�DX�VFXOD�GH�XQ�PHWUX������Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�EORQGHOH�DVD�GH�XVRU�GH�FRQYLQV�VD�IDFD�DPRU"5�&XL�vL�SDVD"���Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�EORQGHOH�DVD�XVRU�GH�OXDW�vQ�SDW"5�&XL�vL�SDVD"���Ì�'H�FH�QX�SRW�EORQGHOH�VD�PDQkQFH�EDQDQH"5�1X�JDVHVF�IHUPRDUXO������Ì�'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�FLFOX"5�3HQWUX�FD�R�PHULWD������Ì�&H�L�VSXQH�SLFLRUXO�VWkQJ�DO�XQHL�EORQGH�FHOXL�GUHSW"5�1LPLF�QX�VH�vQWkOQHVF�QLFLRGDWD����Ì�&H�L�VSXQH�SLFLRUXO�VWkQJ�DO�XQHL�EORQGH�FHOXL�GUHSW�GDFD�WRWXVL�VH�vQWkOQHVF"

Page 368: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�1X�QH�DP�PDL�YD]XW�GH�FkQG�DP�IRVW�FRSLL�����&H�H�R�EORQGD�GH����DQL�vQWU�XQ�ERUGHO"5�3UDFWLFDQWD�������&H�VSXQH�R�EORQGD�FkQG�DUH�FKHI�VD�IDFD�GUDJRVWH"5�'RDPQH��FH�P�DP�vPEDWDW�������&H�VSXQH�R�EORQGD�XUkWD�FkQG�DUH�FKHI�VD�IDFD�GUDJRVWH"5�$P�VSXV�FD�VXQW�DVDDDDD�GH�EHDWD��������&H�VSXQH�R�EUXQHWD�FkQG�DUH�FKHI�VD�IDFD�GUDJRVWH"5�%ORQGHOH�DX�SOHFDW�DFDVD�������&H�VSXQH�R�EUXQHWD�FkQG�DUH�FKHI�VD�IDFD�GUDJRVWH"5�$SOHFDW�GHMD�EORQGD"��������&XP�VFKLPEL�LPSUHVLD�XQHL�EORQGH"5�0DL�GDL�R�EHUH�������&XP�SRWL�GDL�MRV�R�EORQGD�GH�SH�JHQXQFKLL�WDL"5�(MDFXOHD]D�������&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�PDVLQD�GH�VSDODW�YHFKH"5�$PkQGRXD�SLFXUD�GDFD�VXQW��I XWH��������&XP�DIOL�FH�FXORDUH�DX�FKLORWLL�XQHL�EORQGH�vQ�PLQL"5�2�vQWUHEL�FkWL�DQL�DUH�WDF�VX��(D�YD�ULGLFD�GLQ�XPHUL�����&XP�SRWL�DIOD�FXORDUHD�FKLORWLORU�XQHL�EORQGH"5�2�URJL�VD�WL�VSXQD�WDEOD�vQPXOWLULL��LDU�HD�YD�ULGLFD�GLQ�XPHUL�����&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�FDUWH�VL�R�EORQGD"5�$PDQGRXD�VH�GHVFKLG�vQ�SDUWHD�FHD�PDL�X]DWD�����'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�RFKLL�DOEDVWUL"5�)LLQGFD�DX�VXSW�SL[XO�����&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLWUH�XQ�WkQWDU�VL�R�EORQGD"5�/D�XQ�WkQWDU�GDFD�L�DL�GDW�R�SDOPD�QX�PDL�VXJH��GDU�EORQGD�WRW�VXJH�����'H�FH�EHDX�EORQGHOH�QXPDL�FX�SDLXO"5�&D�VD�VH�DQWUHQH]H�����'H�FH�QX�IDF�EORQGHOH�6,'$"5�$UH�VL�YLUXVXO�DVWD�PDQGULD�OXL�������'H�FH�VWULJD�XQLL�EORQGHOH��SUDOLQH�"5�6XQW�PDL�WRW�WLPSXO�XPSOXWH�FX��FUHPD��������&H�H�R�EORQGD�FX�6,'$"5�5HWHD�GH�GLVWULEXWLH�������&H�L�GDL�XQHL�EORQGH�FDUH�DUH�GH�WRDWH"5�3HQLFLOLQD�����&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�SL]]D"5�3L]]D�H[LVWD�VL�IDUD�FLXSHUFL�������&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�SXVFD�GH�YkQDWRDUH"5�$PkQGRXD�VH�vQGRDLH�GH�OD�PLMORF�VL�SRW�IL�vQFDUFDWH�GLQ�VSDWH�������&DUH�HVWH�vQWUXFKLSDUHD�UDEGDULL"

Page 369: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�2�EORQGD�vQWU�R�JUDGLQD�GH�FDVWUDYHWL�DVWHSWkQG�FD�DFHVWLD�VD�FUHDVFD������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�XQ�WHOHIRQ"5�7HOHIRQXO�FRVWD�EDQL������Ì�&H�]LFH�XQ�SROLWLVW�XQHL�EORQGH�FDUH�SDUFKHD]D�vQ�ORFXUL�QHSHUPLVH"5��������VDX�RUD���������Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�XQ�WHOHIRQ�SXEOLF"5�&D�VD�IRORVHVWL�XQ�WHOHIRQ�SXEOLF�WH�FRVWD�FHO�SXWLQ�����GH�OHL����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�FDELQD�WHOHIRQLFD"5�3HQWUX�D�GD�XQ�WHOHIRQ�DL�QHYRLH�GH�QLVWH�EDQL�PDUXQWL����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�FDELQD�WHOHIRQLFD"5�ÌQ�FDELQD�WHOHIRQLFD�DX�YRLH�VL�IHPHL�VL�EDUEDWL����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�FDELQD�WHOHIRQLFD"5�ÌQWU�R�FDELQD�WHOHIRQLFD�QX�LQWUD�GHFDW�GRXD�SHUVRDQH�GHRGDWD����Ì�&H�REWLL�OD�vPSHUHFKHUHD�XQHL�EORQGH�FX�R�JRULOD"5�1LPLF��([LVWD�OXFUXUL�FDUH�JRULOHOH�QX�SRW�IL�IRUWDWH�VD�OH�IDFD������Ì�FDUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�PDLPXWD�VL�R�EORQGD"5�3H�PDLPXWD�QX�R�SRWL�FRQYLQJH�VD�IDFD�FKLDU�RULFH������Ì�'H�FH�H�R�EORQGD�GHUXWDWD�OD�:&"5�7UHEXLH�VD�VH�GH]EUDFH�VLQJXUD�������Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�EORQGHOH�vQFXUFDWH�vQ�EDLH"5�7UHEXLH�VD�VL�GHD�VLQJXUH�SDQWDORQLL�MRV����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�RJOLQGD�VL�R�EORQGD�"5�ÌQ�RJOLQGD�WL�EHOHVWL�RFKLL�������Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�WRDOHWD"5�2�WRDOHWD�QX�VH�LD�GXSD�WLQH�GXSD�FH�R�IRORVHVWL����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�SHULXWD�GH�GLQWL"5�3HULXWD�GH�GLQWL�QX�L�R�vPSUXPXWL�QLFL�PDFDU�FHOXL�PDL�EXQ�SULHWHQ����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�XQ�SRUVFKH"5�8Q�SRUVFKH�QX�O�DL�GD�QLFL�FHOXL�PDL�EXQ�SULHWHQ�DO�WDX������Ì�'H�FH�LQVLVWD�R�EORQGD�VD�vWL�SXL�SUH]HUYDWLY"5�&D�VD�vVL�LD�VL�OD�SDFKHW������Ì�&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�GLPLQHDWD�OD�RUD���"5�6H�SUH]LQWD������Ì�&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�GLPLQHDWD�OD�RUD���"5�6H�GD�MRV�GLQ�SDW�VL�VH�GXFH�DFDVD�������Ì�&XP�VH�SUHJDWHVWH�R�EORQGD�SHQWUX�D�IDFH�VH[�SURWHMDW"5�6H�GD�SH�EX]H�FX�UXM�SH�ED]D�GH�FDXFLXF����Ì�&H�vQWHOHJH�R�EORQGD�SULQ�VH[�SURWHMDW�"5�ÌQFXLHUHD�XVLL�GH�OD�PDVLQD����Ì�&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�GLPLQHDWD"5�'HVFKLGH�SRUWLHUD����Ì�&XP�DSULQGH�R�EORQGD�OXPLQD�GXSD�FH�D�IDFXW�GUDJRVWH"

Page 370: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�'HVFKLG�XVD�PDVLQLL�����'H�FH�OH�SODF�EORQGHORU�PDVLQLOH�GHFDSRWDELOH�"5�)LLQGFD�DX�PDL�PXOW�ORF�VD�vVL�vQWLQGD�SLFLRDUHOH�����&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�OLPX]LQD"5�1LFL�FKLDU�WRDWD�OXPHD�QX�V�D�VXLW�vQWU�R�OLPX]LQD�������&DUH�L�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�VHPQHOH�GH�FLUFXODWLH"5�8QHOH�VHPQH�GH�FLUFXODWLH�PDL�VSXQ�VL�6723�����&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�PDVLQD"5�1X�VWLX�VL�QLFL�QX�PD�LQWHUHVHD]D�����'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�SUREOHPH�VD�DLEH�RUJDVP"5�&XL�vL�SDVD"�������&H�IRORV�DUH�RUJDVPXO�OD�EORQGH"5�6WLL�FkQG�VD�WH�RSUHVWL�������&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�D�DWLQV�PRPHQWXO�RUJDVPXOXL"5�7LSXO�GH�OD�FRDGD�GLQ�VSDWHOH�WDX�WH�EDWH�SH�XPDU�������&H�]LFH�R�EORQGD�FDQG�DWLQJH�PRPHQWXO�RUJDVPXOXL"5�1H[W��SOHDVH�����&H�VSXQH�R�EORQGD�GXSD�FH�IDFH�GUDJRVWH"5�6D�YD�ILH�GH�ELQH��EDLHWL�����&H�VSXQH�R�EORQGD�GXSD�FH�IDFH�GUDJRVWH"5�-XFDWL�FX�WRWLL�vQ�DFHHDVL�HFKLSD�GH�IRWEDO"�������&H�]LFH�R�EORQGD�FDUH�DUH�PDL�PXOWH�RUJDVPH�OD�UkQG"5�%LQH�OXFUDW�EDLHWL��������'H�FH�QX�IDF�EORQGHOH�VXUI"5�$WXQFL�FkQG�VLPW�FD�OL�VH�XQGD�FKLORWLL��GHVIDF�SLFLRDUHOH�����&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�KDOED�GH�EHUH"5�$PkQGRXD�VXQW�EORQGH�VL�IDF�VSXPH�����&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�FXUYD"5�2�EORQGD�R�YD�SXQH�FX�RULFLQH��SH�FDQG�R�FXUYD�R�SXQH�FX�RULFLQH�vQ�DIDUD�GH�WLQH�����&DUH�L�GHILFLHQWD�PDMRUD�GH�YRUELUH�D�XQHL�EORQGH"5�1X�SRDWH�VSXQH�18�����&H�VIDW�SULPHVWH�GH�OD�PDPD�VD�R�EORQGD�FDUH�LHVH�OD�R�vQWDOQLUH�FX�XQ�EDLDW"5�'DFD�QX�HVWL�vQ�SDW�SkQD�OD�����YLQR�DFDVD�����'H�FH�QX�YRUEHVWH�R�EORQGD�FkQG�IDFH�GUDJRVWH"5�0DPD�VD�L�D�VSXV�VD�QX�LQWUH�vQ�YRUED�FX�VWUDLQL�����'H�FH�QX�YRUEHVF�EORQGHOH�vQ�WLPS�FH�IDF�VH["5�)LLQGFD�VWLH�GH�OD�PDPD�FD�QX�H�IUXPRV�VD�YRUEHVWL�FX�JXUD�SOLQD�����&XP�vL�SODF�XQHL�EORQGH�RXDOH"5�1HIHUWLOL]DWH�����'H�FH�QX�DX�EORGHOH�SDU�SXELDQ"5�$L�PDL�YD]XW�VD�FUHDVFD�LDUED�SH�DXWRVWUDGD"�������'H�FH�H�R�EORQGD�vQJURSDWD�VXE�XQ�SRG"

Page 371: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�6D�PDL��WUHFD��FkWL�YD�SHVWH�HD������Ì�&H�VL�SXQ�EORQGHOH�GXSD�XUHFKL�SHQWUXD�IL�PDL�DWUDFWLYH"5�*OH]QHOH����Ì�'H�FH�QX�vQRDWD�EORQGHOH�SH�EXUWD"5�'DFD�VH�VLPW�XGH�vQWUH�SLFLRDUH�VH�vQWRUF�LPHGLDW�SH�VSDWH������Ì�'H�FH�EDQFXO�SUHFHGHQW�QX�VH�SRWULYHVWH�GHIHO�SHQWUX�EORQGH"5�3HQWUX�FD�HOH�VXQW�XPHGH�PHUHX������Ì�'H�FH�WUHEXLH�EORQGHOH�vQJURSDWH�vQ�VLFULH�GH�IRUPD�WULXQJKLXODUD"5�&kQG�VH�IDFH�vQWXQHULF�vVL�GHVIDF�SLFLRDUHOH������Ì�'H�FH�QX�SRW�IL�EORQGHOH�vQJURSDWH�LQ�VLFULH�GH�ODWLPH�QRUPDOD"5�$VH]DWH�SH�VSDWH�GHVIDF�vQWRWGHDXQD�SLFLRDUHOH������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�IDUIXULH"5�2�IDUIXULH�GXSD�FH�R�OLQJL�VH�XVXFD������Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�H�JDWD�GH�VH["5�ÌL�EDJL�VXE�IXVWD�XQ�VWLXOHWH�GH�SRUXPE�VL�GDFD�VFRWL�IORULFHOH�DXQFL�H�JDWD������Ì�&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�EORQGH�VL�IXOJLL�GH�SRUXPE"5�$PEHOH�VXQW�XVRDUH��JDOEHQH�OD�FXORDUH�VL�DX�JXVW�EXQ������Ì�&H�IDFH�R�EORQGLQD�vQ�VWDWLD�GH�DXWREX]�FX�R�VDOWHD�vQ�EUDWH"5�0HUJH�OD�XQ�LQWHUYLX�SHQWUX�QRXO�MRE�GH�VHFUHWDUD������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�ELOD�GH�ERZOLQJ"5�ÌQWU�R�PLQJH�GH�ERZOLQJ�QX�LQWUD�GHFkW���GHJHWH������Ì�FDUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�XQ�%RHLQJ����"5�1X�RULFLQH�V�D�DIODW�vQWU�XQ�����������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�&DQDOXO�3DQDPD"5�&DQDOXO�3DQDPD�H�GHVWXO�GH�VWUkPW������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�SLYQLWD�SOLQD�GH�EORQGH"5�3LYQLWD�GH�YLQ������Ì�'H�FH�QX�VDX�PDL�YD]XW�EORQGH�SURIHVRDUH�GH�EDOHW"5�'DFD�DU�IDFH�VIRDUD�DU�UDPkQH�OLSLWH�GH�SDUFKHW������Ì�6WLWL�GH�FH�QX�IDF�EORQGHOH�DUPDWD"5�3HQWUX�FD�vQ�FOLSD�FkQG�OL�VH�RUGRQD�FXOFDW��HOH�VH�DUXQFD�SH�VSDWH����Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�SH�FLFOX�VL�XQ�WHURULVW"5�&X�XQ�WHURULVW�SRWL�QHJRJLD����Ì�&H�WUHEXLH�VD�IDFL�GDFD�R�EORQGD�DUXQFD�vQ�WLQH�FX�R�JUHQDGD"5�6FRDWH�L�FXLXO�VL�DUXQF�R�vQDSRL������Ì�&H�IDFL�FkQG�R�EORQGD�DUXQFD�FX�XQ FXL�vQ�WLQH"5�)XJL�FkW�WH�WLQ�SLFLRDUHOH��SHQWUX�FD�WLQH�vQ�PkQD�R�JUHQDGD�����Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�EORQGD�FDUH�VL�D�SLHUGXW�����GLQ�LQWHOLJHQWD"5�'LYRUWDWD�������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�EORQGD�FDUH�VL�D�SLHUGXW�����GLQ�LQWHOLJHQWD"5�9DGXYD�������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�EORQGLQD�QHFDVDWRULWD��FDUH�FRQGXFH�XQ�%0:"

Page 372: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�'LYRUWDWD�������Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�EORQGHOH�FD�VL�EURDVWHOH�WHVWRDVH"5�6XQW�I XWH�GDFD�VWDX�SH�VSDWH�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORGD�VL�R�WUDPEXOLQD"5�&kQG�IRORVHVWL�R�WUDPEXOLQD�WH�GHVFDOWL�������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�EORQGD�DIODWD�VX�YRODQXO�PDVLQLL"5�$LUEDJ�������Ì�'H�FH�SRDUWD�R�EORQGD�SUH]HUYDWLYH�WUDVH�SHVWH�XUHFKL"5�1X�YUHD�VD�DXGD�GH�6,'$�������Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�GDFD�vQWU�XQ�ELURX�OXFUHD]D�R�EORQGD�FD�VHFUHWDUD"5�ÌQ�ELURX�VH�DIOD�XQ�SDW�VL�WRWL�VHILL��VXQW�ELQH�GLVSXVL�������Ì�&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�7ULXQJKLXO�%HUPXGHORU�VL�R�EORQGD"5�$PkQGRXD�DX�vQJKLWLW�PXOWL�PDULQDUL�������Ì�'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�EXULFXO�vQYLQHWLW"5�([LVWD�VL�EDUEDWL�EORQ]L�������Ì�&H�REWLL�GDFD�vQWRUFL�R�EORQGD�FX�FDSXO�vQ�MRV"5�2�EUXQHWD�FDUHLD�vL�SXWH�JXUD��������Ì�&H�REWLL�GDFD�vQWRUFL���EORQGH�FX�SLFLRDUHOH�vQ�VXV"5�'RXD�EUXQHWH�������Ì�&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�GXSD�FH�VH�SLDSWDQD"5�ÌVL�ULGLFD�FKLORWLL�������Ì�$WL�YD]XW�EORQGD�FX�EDQGHUROD�QHDJUD�vQ�MXUXO�IUXQWLL"5�)HULWLYD�GH�HD��DUH�FHQWXUD�QHDJUD�OD�PXLH�������Ì�'H�FH�IRORVHVF�EORQGHOH�UXM�GH�FXORDUH�YHUGH"5��5RVXO��vQVHDPQD�VWRS�������Ì�&H�vQVHDPQD�IDSWXO�FD�R�EORQGD�IRORVHVWH�UXM�GH�FXORDUH�URVLH"5�6WRS��JDXUD�JUHVLWD��������Ì�&XP�UHFXQRVWL�IDSWXO�FD�R�EORQGD�V�D�DVFXQV�vQ�IULJLGHU"5�'XSD�XUPHOH�GH�UXM�GH�SH�FDVWUDYHWLL�GH�DSUR]DU�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�PDVD�GH�FDOFDW"5�/D�PDVD�GH�FDOFDW�VH�GHVIDF�SLFLRDUHOH�GHVWXO�GH�JUHX�������Ì�&XP�VH�GHILQHVWH�R�EORQGD�OHVELDQD"5�1XPDL�R�IHPHLH�FDUH�YUHD�VD�IDFD�WUHDED�XQXL�EDUEDW�������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�EORQGD�OHVELDQD"5�5LVLSD�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�XQ�DUPDVDU�vQ�FDOGXUL�VL�R�EORQGD"5�2�EORQGD�DUH�PDL�PXOWD�VSHUPD�vQ�FRUS�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�FRPSDQLH�PLOLWDUD"5�2�FRPSDQLH�DUH�GRDU�����GH�VROGDWL�������Ì�'H�FH�VH�FDVDWRUHVF�EORQGHOH�DVD�GH�JUHX"5�3HQWUX�FD�GRDU�VH[XO�QX�H�XQ�PRWLY�GH�FDVWRULH�������Ì�'H�FH�vQ�WLPSXO�FH�IDF�VH[�EORQGHOH�vVL�LQWURGXF�SUH]HUYDWLYH�vQ�XUHFKL"

Page 373: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�3HQWUX�FD�OD�EDWUkQHWH�VD�QX�VXU]HDVFD��������'H�FH�SRDUWD�EORQGHOH�FHUFHL�PDUL�URWXQ]L"5�6D�VL�SRDWD�vQWLQGH�SLFLRDUHOH�SULQ�HL��������&H�DX�vQ�FRPXQ�EORQGHOH�VL�JURSDULL"5�$PELL��SUHJDWHVF�JDXUD�FkQG�DSDUH�XQXO�WHDSDQ��������&H�SRDWH�IL�XQ�LQFRPRG�GDFD�IDFL�VH[�FX�R�EORQGD"5�6D�QX�DL�EDQFKHWD�GLQ�VSDWH��������'H�FH�SUHIHUD�EORQGHOH�PDVLQLOH�FX�YRODQXO�UHJODELO"5�0DL�PXOWD�OLEHUWDWH�GH�PLVFDUH�D�FDSXOXL�vQ�WLPSXO�DFWXOXL�VH[XDO��������&DUH�H�FHO�PDL�LPSRUWDQW�RUJDQ�DO�XQHL�EORQGH"5�1DVXO��SHQWUX�FD�vQ�WLPS�FH�IDFH�VH[�VD�SRDWD�UHVSLUD��������'H�FH�IRORVHVF�EORQGHOH�WDPSRDQH�FX�VQXUXO�IRDUWH�OXQJ"5�3HQWUX�FD�ODWHLL�VD�SRDWH�IDFH�%XQJHH�-XPSLQJ��������'H�FH�HMDFXOHD]D�EDUEDWLL�vQ�MHWXUL"5�3HQWUX�FD�EORQGHOH�VD�DLEH�WLPS�VD�UHVSLUH�vQWUH�vQJKLWLWXUL��������&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�SUL]D"5�%DJL�GHJHWXO�vQ�JDXUD�JUHVLWD�VL�HVWL�vQ�FXU��������&H�H�DWkW�GH�LQWHUHVDQW�vQ�MXUXO�YDJLQXOXL�XQHL�EORQGLQH"5�%ORQGD��������'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�YDJLQH"5�&D�EDUEDWLL�VD�DLEH�FX�FLQH�VD�VH�vQWUHWLQD��OD�SHWUHFHUL��������&H�H�DWkW�GH�LQWHUHVDQW�vQ�MXUXO�YDJLQXOXL�XQHL�EORQGLQH"5�%DLHWLL�FDUH�vVL�DVWHDSWD�UkQGXO��������'H�FH�QX�UHXVHVF�EORQGHOH�VD�VL�LD�FDUQHWXO�GH�FRQGXFHUH�DXWR"5�&kQG�DXG�WUkQWLQGX�VH�SRUWLHUD�VDU�SH�EDQFKHWD�GLQ�VSDWH�D�PDVLQLL��������&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�GDFD�R�EORQGD�VL�D�OXDW�FDUQHWXO�GH�FRQGXFHUH"5�3ROLWDLXO�V�D�DVH]DW�VL�HO�SH�EDQFKHWD�GLQ�VSDWH��������&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�GDFD�R�EORQGD�VL�D�OXDW�FDUQHWXO�GH�FRQGXFHUH"'XSD�H[DPHQXO�SUDFWLF�D�PDL�GDW�RGDWD�SURED�RUDOD�FX�SROLWLVWXO��������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�ODVWXQ�VL�OLPED�XQHL�EORQGH"5�8Q�ODVWXQ�vQ�FXUEH�PHUJH�FD�SH�RXD�LDU�OLPED�XQHL�EORQGLQH�VH�FXUEHD]D�IRDUWH�ELQH�vQ�MXUXO��RXDOHORU���������&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FX�EORQGD�FDUH�D�vQFHUFDW�VD�XPIOH�URWLOH�PDVLQLL"5�6L�D�DUV�EX]HOH�OD�WHDYD�GH�HVDSDPHQW��������&H�SULPHVWH�FD�VL�FDGRX�R�EORQGD�FDUH�D�FRQGXV�WLPS�GH�XQ�DQ�PDVLQD�IDUD�VD�DLEH�QLFL�XQ�DFFLGHQW"5�9LWH]D�D�GRXD��������'H�FH�DX�VRIHULWHOH�EORQGH�vQWRWGHDXQD�XQ�FXWLW�vQ�PDVLQD"5�6D�WDLH�PDL�ELQH�FXUEHOH��������8QGH�VH�GXF�SLFLRDUHOH�XQHL�EORQGH"5�/D�FLQHPD�GDFD�QX�LQWHUYLQH�QLPLFD�vQWUH�����WLPS�������'H�FH�QX�SRDWH�R�EORQGD�VD�JHDPD"5�$�XLWDW�WH[WXO��������'H�FH�R�EORQGD�vQHFDWD�VH�GHSODVHD]D�vPSRWULYD�FXUHQWXOXL"

Page 374: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�$�XLWD�VD�VL�VFRDWD�YLEUDWRUXO��������&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�GDFD�R�D�GRXD�EORQGD�R�GHSDVHVWH"5�9LEUDWRUXO�FHOHL�GH�D�GRXD�DUH�EDWHULL��'XUDFHOO���������&H�]LFH�R�EORQGD�GLPLQHDWD�GDFD�VH�WUH]HVWH�VXE�XJHUXO�XQHL�YDFL"5��&DUH�GLQWUH�YRL�SDWUX�PD�GXFH�DFDVD"���������&H�WUHEXLH�VD�L�VSXL�XQHL�EORQGH�VD�WH�FXOFL�FX�HD"5�&HDX��������&H�DX�R�EORQGD�VL�XQ�FRPSDFW�GLVF�vQ�FRPXQ"5�$PkQGRXD�VH�vQYkUW�QXPDL�vQ�MXUXO�JDXULL��������'H�FH�MRDFD�EORQGHOH�DVD�GH�ELQH�WHWULV"5�1LPHUHVF��vQVDVL�SULQ�QDWXUD�ORU��IRDUWH�XVRU�JDXUD�SRWULYLWD��������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�FORVFD"5�&ORVFD�VWD�OLQLVWLWD�SH�RXD��������&H�H�R�EORQGD�SH�XQ�SDW�GH�DSD"5�3ODWIRUPD�GH�IRUDUH��������'H�FH�VWD�R�EORQGD�FUDFDQDWD�SH�SODMD"5�$�DX]LW�GH�OLPELOH�GH�QLVLS��������&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�vQ�GHVHUW"5�0DWXUD��������&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�vQ�GHVHUW"5�'D�FX�DVSLUDWRUXO��������&H�UDVSXQGH�R�EORQGD�OD�vQWUHEDUHD���6XQWHWL�DFWLYD�VH[XDO"�"5�1X�HX�VWDX�QXPDL�vQWLQVD�DLFL��������&H�H�QHJUX�FX�URVX�VL�FX�YkQDW�OD�FXORDUH"5�2�EUXQHWD�FDUH�VSXQH�EDQFXUL�FX�EORQGH��������&H�H�R�EORQGD�FDUH�QX�DUH�SDUWH�GH�VH["5�0RDUWD��������'XSD�FH�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�H�VSHFLDOLVWD�vQ�VH[XO�RUDO"5�'XSD�FHDUVDIXO�ELQH�vQILSW�vQ�FXU��������&DUH�HVWH�0RWWR�XO�GH�YLDWD�DO�XQHL�EORQGLQH"5�'LQ�PkQD�vQ�JXUD��������'H�FH�QX�PDQkQFD�EORQGHOH�FRYULJL"5�1X�OH�SRW�GHVIDFH�QRGXULOH��������'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�SDFKHWHOXO�FX�JXVWDUH�vQWRWGHDXQD�vQ�FXWLL�WUDQVSDUHQWH"5�3HQWUX�FD��DIOkQGX�VH�vQ�DXWREX]��VD�VWLH�VD�VSXQD�GDFD�PHUJ�OD�OXFUX�VDX�vQVSUH�FDVD��������&XP�QXPHVWL�R�EORQGD�PDFKLDWD"5�3LFWXUD�QDLYD��������'H�FH�OD�GXV�EORQGD�IXJH�vQFRDFH�VL�QFROR"5�3H�VDPSRQ�VFULH���:DVK�DQG�*R���������'H�FH�DX�EORQGLQHOH�vQWRWGHDXQD�vQ�IULJLGHU�R�VWLFDOD�GH�EHUH�JRDOD"5�3RDWH�OH�YL]LWHD]D�FLQHYD�FDUH�QX�YUHD�VD�EHD�QLPLF��������&H�H�YHUGH�VL�VWD�vQ�FDSXO�XQHL�EORQGH"

Page 375: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

$�8Q�DQLPDO�PkQFDWRU�GH�FUHLHU�������Ì�&H�IDFH�DQLPDOXO�DFROR"5�)ODPkQ]HVWH�������Ì�&H�REWLL�GDFD�SXL�XQHL�EORQGH�FDVWLOH�SH�XUHFKL"5�6XQHW�VSDWLDO�������Ì�&XP�FRQYLQJL�R�EORQGD�VD�VH�PDULWH�FX�WLQH"5�ÌL�VSXL�FD�HVWH�vQVDUFLQDWD�����Ì�&H�YD�vQWUHED�HD"5�(VWH�DO�PHX"����Ì�'H�FH�DYRUWHD]D�R�EORQGD"5�1X�D�VWLXW�GDFD�FRSLOXO�H�DO�HL�������Ì�&H�VSXQH�R�EORQGD�FkQG�DIOD�FD�H�vQVDUFLQDWD"5�6SHU�FD�H�DO�PHX�����Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�EORQGHOH�DVD�GH�GH]RULHQWDWH�FkQG�QDVF�JHPHQL"5�1X�VWLX�FLQH�H�FHDODOWD�PDPD�������Ì�'H�FH�VH�VLQXFLG�vQ�XOWLPXO�WLPS�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�PXOWH�EORQGH�DUXQFkQGX�VH�GH�SH�JHDP�VDX�GH�SH�SRGXUL�vQDOWH"5�ÌVL�vQFHDUFD�QRLOH�WDPSRDQH�FX�DULSLRDUH�������Ì�'H�FH�SRDWH�SODQD�R�EORQGD�SHVWH�RUDV"5�$�IRORVLW�XQ�DOZD\V�FX�DULSLRDUH�SUHD�PDUL�����Ì�'H�FH�FRQJHOHD]D�R�EORQGD�R�RDOD�FX�DSD�ILDUWD"5�$SD�FDOGD�DL�QHYRLH�vQWRWGHDXQD�������Ì�'H�FH�QX�DUH�R�EORQGD�FXEXUL�GH�JKHDWD�vQ�IULJLGHU"5�$�SLHUGXW�UHWHWD�VL�QX�PDL�VWLH�FXP�VH�SUHSDUD�������Ì�&H�HVWH�R�EUXQHWD�DIODWD�OkQJD�R�EORQGD"5�6XIOHXU�������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�EUXQHWD�FX�FkWH�R�EORQGD�SH�DPEHOH�SDUWL"5�7UDQVODWRU�������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�EORQGD�vQWUH���EUXQHWH"5�6FDSDUH�GH�PHPRULH�������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�EORQGD�vQWUH���EUXQHWH"5�/DSVXV�������Ì�&H�H�XQ�EDUEDW�vQWUH�GRXD�EORQGH"5�6DWLVIDFXW�������Ì�&H�HVWH�H[FUHVFHQWD�GH�FXUXO�XQHL�EORQGH"5�7XPRDUH�SH�FUHLHU�������Ì�'H�FH�VH�DIOD�vQ�FDGD�GH�EDLH�D�XQHL�EORQGH�JHDPDQGXUL"5�6D�QX�vQRDWH�SUHD�GHSDUWH�������Ì�&XP�IDFL�VD�FDGD�R�EORQGD�FX�R�PkQD�DPSXWDWD�GLQ�FRSDF"5�ÌL�IDFL�FX�PkQD�������Ì�'H�FH�R�EORQGD�QX�VL�SRDWH�VFRDWH�WDPSRQXO"5�9DFXXPXO�GLQ�FDS�QX�L�SHUPLWH�DFHVW�OXFUX�������Ì�&kQG�VFULH�R�EORQGD�SRYHVWLUL�KRUURU"

Page 376: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�'DFD�VH�DIOD�vQ�SRVHVLD�FDUWLL�WDOH�GH�FUHGLW�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�SLWWEXO�VL�R�EORQGD�IXULRDVD"5�5XMXO�GH�EX]H�������Ì�'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�R�JDXUD�OD�WkPSOD�VL�R�IUXQWH�WHVLWD"5��'X�WL�GHJHWXO�OD�WkPSOD��1X�VWLX���/RYHVWH�WL�IUXQWHD�FX�SDOPD��$KD�P�DP�SULQV�����Ì�&XP�VH�VLQXFLGH�R�EORQGD"5�ÌVL�FODGHVWH�KDLQHOH�VL�VH�DUXQFD�GH�SH�JUDPDGD�MRV�������Ì�&XP�VH�VLQXFLG�EORQGHOH"5�6H�DUXQFD�GH�SH�VDQGDOH�����Ì�'H�FH�QX�WUHEXLH�QLFLRGDWD�vQWUHEDWD�R�EORQGD��FX�XQ�FHDV�GH�PkQD�DQDORJ��FkW�H�FHDVXO"5�&HDVXO�VH�SRDWH�SXQH�VL�FX�VXVXO�vQ�MRV�SH�PkQD�������Ì�'H�FH�QX�WUHEXLH�QLFLRGDWD�vQWUHEDWD�R�EORQGD��FX�XQ�FHDV�GH�PkQD�DQDORJ��FkW�H�FHDVXO"5�$WL�DYHD�vQFUHGHUH�vQ�RUD�VSXVD�GH�R�SHUVRDQD�FDUH�QX�SRDWH�QXPDUD�GHFkW�SkQD�OD�WUHL�������Ì�'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�FX����PDL�PXOW�FUHLHU�GHFkW�YDFLOH"5�3HQWUX�FD�DWXFL�FkQG�OH�SXL�PkQD�SH�XJHU�VD�QX�vQFHDSD�VD�VH�FDFH�������Ì�'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�FX����PDL�PXOW�FUHLHU�GHFkW�FDLL"5�3HQWUX�FD�OD�SOLPEDUH�vQ�RUDV�VD�QX�VH�FDFH�SH�VWUDGD�������Ì�'H�FH�DUH�EORQGD�XQ�QHXURQ�vQ�SOXV�IDWD�GH�JDLQD"5�3HQWUX�D�QX�IDFH�JDLQDW�vQ�FDVD�����Ì�&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�EORQGH�VL�ODQXULOH�GH�JUkX"5�$PEHOH�VXQW�JDOEHQH�������Ì�'DU�GLIHUHQWD"5�&XOWXUD�JUkXOXL�DGXFH�IRORDVH�VRFLHWDWLL�������Ì�'H�FH�QX�VH�UHFRPDQGD�D�GD�PXQFLWRDUHORU�EORQGH�SDX]D�GH�FDIHD"5�$U�GXUD�SUHD�PXOW�VD�OH�vQYHWL�GLQ�QRX�FH�DX�GH�IDFXW�������Ì�'H�FH�OXFUHD]D�EORQGHOH���]LOH�SH�VDSWDPkQD"5�3HQWUX�FD�OXQL�VD�QX�WUHEXLDVFD�vQYDWDWH�GLQ�QRX�FH�DX�GH�IDFXW�������Ì�'H�FH�WUHFH�R�EORQGD�VWUDGD"5�/DVD�VWUDGD��'H�FH�QX�VH�DIOD�EORQGD�vQ�SDW��������Ì�'H�FH�WUHFH�R�EORQGD�VWUDGD"5�$VWD�L�R�JOXPD�������Ì�$L�DX]LW�GH�EORQGD�FDUH�D�VDULW�FX�SDUDVXWD"5�1X�D�QLPHULW�SDPkQWXO�������Ì�$L�DX]LW�GH�EORQGD�FDUH�D�WUDV�R�VDJHDWD�vQ�FHU"5�1X�O�D�QLPHULW�������Ì�&DUH�H�UDVSXQVXO�XQHL�EORQGH�OD�SURSR]LWLD���PDL�JkQGHVWH�WH��"5�1X�WUHEXLH�VD�JkQGHVF��HX�VXQW�EORQGD�������Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�XQ�EHF"5�%HFXO�HVWH�PDL�GHVWHSW��GDU�SH�EORQGD�R�DSULQ]L�PDL�UHSHGH�����Ì�&kQG�H�SHUPLV�VD�vPSXVWL�R�EORQGLQD�vQ�FDS"5�ÌQ�FD]XO�FkQG�DL�R�SRPSD�OD�WLQH�VD�L�O�XPIOLL�OD�ORF�������Ì�'H�FH�D�FRQGXV�R�EORQGD�PDVLQD�GH����RUL�vQ�MXUXO�EORFXOXL"

Page 377: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�ÌL�HUD�VWULFDWD�VHPQDOL]DUHD�������Ì�'H�FH�FRQGXFkQG�DXWRWXULVPH�EORQGHOH�DMXQJ�vQ�VDQW"5�&D�VD�VWLQJD�EHFXO�GH�OD�VHPQDOL]DUH�������Ì�$WL�DX]LW�GH�FHOH�GRXD�EORQGH��GLQ�PDVLQD��JDVLWH�PRDUWH�GH�IULJ�vQ�LQFLQWD�FLQHPDWRJUDIXOXL�DXWR"5�$X�YUXW�VD�YL]LRQH]H�ILOPXO���3H�WLPSXO�LHUQLL�vQFKLV��������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�XQ�FRV�GH�FXPSDUDWXUL"5�&RVXO�GH�FXPSDUDWXUL�DUH�R�SDUHUH�������Ì�'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�VkQLL�SDWUDWL"5�)LLQGFD�QX�DX�VFRV�VXWLHQXO�GLQ�FXWLH�����Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVF���EORQGH�vQWLQVH�SH�SRGHD"5�6DOWHD�SQHXPDWLFD�������Ì�&XP�RPRDUD�R�EORQGD�R�SDVDUH"5�2�DUXQFD�GH�SH�EDOFRQ�������Ì�&XP�RPRDUD�R�EORQGD�XQ�SHVWH"5�ÌO�vQQHDFD�������Ì�'H�FH�D�FUHDW�'XPQH]HXO�EORQGHOH"5�3HQWUX�FD�QX�VL�SXWHD�OXD�VLQJXU�EHUHD�GLQ�IULJLGHU�������Ì�'H�FH�D�FUHDW�'XPQH]HX�EORQGHOH"5�2�RDLH�QX�DU�IL�IRVW�vQ�VWDUH�VD�WL�DGXFD�EHUHD�GLQ�IULJLGHU�������Ì�'H�FH�D�FUHDW�'XPQH]HX�EUXQHWHOH�VL�URVFDWHOH"5�%ORQGHOH�QX�DX�UHXVLW�FKHVWLD�FX�EHUHD�������Ì�&H�vL�]LFH�PHGLFXO�25/LVW�EORQGHL�OD�FRVXOWDWLH"5�7LQHWL�XUHFKH�FDHDODOWD�vQFKLVD�FD�vPL�EDWH�VRDUHOH�vQ�RFKL�������Ì�'H�FH�D�vQFHWDW�EORQGD�VD�LD�SLOXOD�DQWLFRQFHSWLRQDOD"5�ÌL�LHVHD�DIDUD�VL�vL�SLFD�vQWRWGHDXQD�SH�MRV�������Ì�&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�SH�VWRS"5�&DXWD�WLSXO�FDUH�D�vPSXVFDW�R�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�PkQFDUH�GLQ�FRQVHUYH�SHQWUX�FkLQL"5�ÌQ�FRQVHUYH�HVWH�FUHLHU�������Ì�&XP�SRWL�IDFH�FD�RFKLL�XQHL�EORQGH�VD�VWUDOXFHDVFD"5�$SURSLH�R�ODQWHUQD�GH�XUHFKHD�HL�����Ì�'H�FH�QX�HVWH�ELQH�VD�WH�XLWL�vQ�RFKLL�XQHL�EORQGH"5�6�DU�SXWHD�VD�WH�RUEHDVFD�OXPLQD�FDUH�LQWUD�SH�XUHFKL�����Ì�&H�YH]L�FkQG�WH�XLWL�DGkQF�vQ�RFKLL�XQHL�EORQGH"5�&HDID�����Ì�&XP�GHVFULHWL�R�EORQGD�vQFRQMXUDWD�GH�R�PXOWLPH�GH�LGLRWL"5�)ODWDWD�����Ì�'H�FH�D�PXULW�R�EORQGD�FDUH�D�EDXW�ODSWH"5�$�FD]XW�YDFD�SHVWH�HD�������Ì�&XP�MRDFD�R�EORQGD�UXOHWD�UXVHDVFD"5�&X�R�SLOXOD�DQWLEDE\�VL�WUHL�ERPERDQH�00����Ì�'H�FH�QX�OH�SODF�EORQGHORU�ERPERDQHOH�00"

Page 378: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�6XQW�IRDUWH�JUHX�GH�GHFRMLW�����Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�D�FRSW�SUDMLWXUHOH�FX�FLRFRODWD"5�'XSD�FRMLOH�GH�00�GH�SH�MRV�������Ì�&XP�DGXFL�R�EORQGD�vQ�SUDJXO�QHEXQLHL"5�ÌL�GDL�R�SXQJD�GH�00�VL�vL�VSXL�VD�OH�FLWHDVFD�SH�OLWHUH�������Ì�&H�OXFUHD]D�R�EORQGD�vQWU�R�IDEULFD�GH�ERPERDQH�00"5�&RUHFWRU�OLWHUDU�������Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�GDWH�EORQGHOH�IRDUWH�UHSHGH�DIDUD�GH�OD�R�IDEULFD�GH�ERPERDQH�00"5�$X�DUXQFDW�FD�UHEXW�ERPERDQHOH�FX�OLWHUD��:��SH�HOH�������Ì�&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�FDUH�vVL�SUHVHD]D�SDOPHOH�SH�XUHFKL"5�ÌQFHDUFD�VD�VL�DGXQH�JkQGXULOH�������Ì�&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�FDUH�UHVSLUD"5�ÌVL�vPSURVSDWHD]D�PHPRULD�������Ì�&H�DX�vQ�FRPXQ�EORQGHOH�LQWHOLJHQWH�VL�GLQR]DXULL"5�$PEHOH�VSHFLL�VXQW�GHPXOW�GLVSDUXWH�������Ì�&XP�PDVRUL�LQWHOLJHQWD�XQHL�EORQGH"5�3ULQ�LQWURGXFHUHD�XQXL�PDQRPHWUX�vQ�XUHFKH�����Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�PXVFD�vQ�FDSXO�XQHL�EORQGH"5�1DYHWD�VSDWLDOD�������Ì�&H�HVWH�R�Ek]D�FDUH�]ERDUD�GLVSHUDWD�vQ�FUHLHUXO�XQHL�EORQGH"5�8Q��6SDFH�,QYDGHU��������Ì�&H�]LFH�R�PXVFD�LQ�FDSXO�XQHL�IHWH�EORQGH"5��63$&(�7+(�),1$/�)5217,((5�����Ì�&H�VSXQH�GRFWRUXO�vQDLQWH�GH�D�IDFH�R�RSHUDWLH�SH�FUHLHU�XQHL�EORQGH"5��6SDWLXO��8OWLPD�IURQWLHUD�����������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�EORQGD�FX�MXPDWDWH�GH�FUHLHU"5�1RURFRDVD�����Ì�&XP�PRDUH�R�FHOXOD�FHQXVLH�D�XQHL�EORQGH"5�6LQJXUD�����Ì�'H�FH�PRDUH�XQ�QHXURQ�LQ�FDSXO�XQHL�EORQGH�"5�'H�VLQJXUDWDWH�����Ì�'H�FH�DUH�R�EORQGD���QHXURQL�"5�(VWH�vQVDUFLQDWD�����Ì�&H�VH�vQWkPSOD�GDFD�VFRWL�FUHLHUXO�XQHL�EORQGH"5�ÌL�FUHVWH�FRHILFLHQWXO�GH�LQWHOLJHQWD�����Ì�&H�VH�vQWkPSOD�GDFD�PXWL�WRDWH�EORQGHOH�GLQ�3RORQLD�vQ�%XOJDULD"5�&UHVWH�FRHILFLHQWXO�GH�LQWHOLJHQWD�DO�DPEHORU�WDUL�����Ì�&H�UHSUH]LQWD�R�EORQGD�FX�SDUXO�YRSVLW�vQ�QHJUX"5�,QWHOLJHQWD�DUWLILFLDOD�������Ì�'H�FH�VH�VSDOD�EORQGHOH�SH�FDS�vQ�FKLXYHWD"5�3HQWUX�FD�DFROR�VH�VSDOD�OHJXPHOH�����Ì�'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�FUHLHUXO�GLPLQHDWD�GH�GLPHQVLXQHD�XQXL�ERE�GH�RUH]"

Page 379: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�1RDSWHD�VH�GLODWD�������Ì�'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�FUHLHUXO�LQ�GLDPHWUX�GH���FP"5�3HQWUX�FD�H�GLODWDW�����Ì�&XP�VWLL�FD�R�EORQGD�H�VWUHVDWD"5�&kQG�DUH�WDPSRQXO�GXSD�XUHFKH�VL�FDXWD�SHVWH�WRW�DIXULVLWXO�GH�FUHLRQ�����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�EORQGHOH�GHVWHSWH�VL�<HWL"5�<HWL�D�PDL�IRVW�YD]XW�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�2=1�VL�R�EORQGD�GHVWHDSWD"5�2=1�XUL�V�DX�PDL�YD]XW����Ì�&DUH�HVWH�DVHPDQDUHD�vQWUH�XQ�2=1�VL�R�EORQGD�GHVWHDSWD"5�7RW�DX]L�GH�HOH�GDU�QX�OH�YH]L�QLFRGDWD�������Ì�'H�FH�DQJDMHD]D�1$6$�EORQGH"5�)DF�FHUFHWDUL�DVXSUD�JDXULORU�QHJUH�����Ì�'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�RFKLL�FD�VWHOHOH"5�)LLQGFD�VXQW�SURDVWH�FD�QRDSWHD�����Ì�&XP�SRWL�DOHJH�R�EORQGD�SURDVWD�GLQWU�R�VXWD"5�/D�vQWkPSODUH�����Ì�&XP�DVH]L���EORQGH�SH�XQ�WDEXUHW"5�ÌO�vQWRUFL�����Ì�&XP�DVH]L���EORQGH�SH�XQ�VFDXQ"5�ÌQWRUFL�VFDXQXO�LQYHUV�����Ì�&XP�WLL�R�EORQGD�RFXSDWD�WRDWD�]LXD"5�2�SXL�vQWU�R�FDPHUD�URWXQGD�VL�L�VSXL�VD�VWHD�vQ�FROW�����Ì�&XP�WLL�R�EORQGD�RFXSDWD�WRDWD�]LXD"5�2�WULPLWL�vQWU�R�FDPHUD�URWXQGD�VL�L�VSXL�FD�vQ�FROW�VXQW����������Ì�&XP�WLL�R�EORQGD�RFXSDWD�WRDWD�]LXD"5�6FULL�SH�DPEHOH�IHWH�DOH�XQHL�FROL��&LWHVWH�SH�YHUVR������Ì�&XP�WLL�RFXSDWD�R�EORQGD�PDL�PXOW�WLPS"5�ÌL�GDL�R�FRDOD�GH�KkUWLH�SH�FDUH�DL�VFULV�SH�DPEHOH�IHWH���ÌQWRDUFHWL�IRDLD�������Ì�&kWH�EORQGH�SRWL�vQJUDPDGL�SH�PHWUX�SDWUDW"5�7RDWH��VXQW�DVD�GH�JRDOH�SH�GLQDXQWUX�FD�OH�SRWL�EDJD�XQD�QWU�DOWD�������Ì�&H�H�R�EORQGD�vQ�FDGD"5�2�LQVXOD�FX�GRL�PXQWL�������Ì�&XP�IDFL�R�EORQGD�VD�UkGD�VkPEDWD"5�ÌL�VSXL�XQ�EDQF�MRLD�����Ì�&H�DX�EORQGHOH�VL�VWLFOHOH�GH�EHUH�vQ�FRPXQ"5�$PkQGRXD�VLQW�JRDOH�GH�OD�JkW�vQ�VXV�����Ì�&XP�SRWL�IDFH�R�EORQGD�IHULFLWD"5�6SXQHL���'RDPQH��FH�RFKL�DOEDVWULL�DL���������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVF����GH�EORQGH�DVH]DWH�vQ�FRORDQD"5�7XQHO�GH�YkQW�����Ì�&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�vQ�IDWD�XQXL�SHUHWH�GH�VWLFOD"

Page 380: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�6H�FDWDUD�SH�HO�VD�YDGD�FH�H�vQ�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD�������Ì�'H�FH�V�D�XLWDW�R�EORQGD�WLPS�GH���RUH�OD�R�VWLFOD�GH�VXF"5�3HQWUX�FD�SH�VWLFOD�VFULD���&RQFHQWUDW�������Ì�'H�FH�PDQkQFD�R�EORQGD�IDVROH�VkPEDWD"5�&D�VD�SRDWD�IDFH�EDLH�FX�EXOH�GXPLQLFD�����Ì�&H�VSXQH�R�EORQGD�FkQG�VSDUJH�XQ�YDORURV�YDV�0LQJ"5��(�vQ�UHJXOD��WDWLFXOH��QX�P�DP�ORYLW������Ì�&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�FX�RFKLL�vQFKLVL�vQ�IDWD�RJOLQ]LL"5�9UHD�VD�YDGD�FXP�DUDWD�FkQG�GRDUPH�����Ì�&kQG�DVWHSWL��FDUH�HVWH�GHRVHELUHD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�LDUQD"5�,DUQD�YLQH�FX�VLJXUDQWD�����Ì�ÌQ�FkWH�FDWHJRULL�VH�vPSDUW�EORQGHOH"5�)UXPRDVH��GHVWHSWH�VL�PDUHD�PDMRULWDWH�����Ì�2�EORQGD�PHUJH�OD�/RQGUD�FX�DYLRQXO��FXP�SRWL�VD�L�IXUL�ORFXO�GH�OD�JHDP"5�ÌL�VSXL�FD�ORFXULOH�FDUH�PHUJ�OD�/RQGUD�VXQW�FHOH�GLQ�FHQWUX�����Ì�'H�FH�QX�YUHD�R�EORQGD��vQ�DYLRQ��ORFXO�GH�OD�IHUHDVWUD"5�7RFPDL�VL�D�XVFDW�SDUXO�VL�QX�YUHD�VD�L�EDWD�YkQWXO�vQ�HO�������Ì�'H�FH�R�EORQGD�PHUJH�OD�SLDWD�FX�VFDUD�SOLDQWD�GXSD�HD"5�$�DX]LW�FD�LDUDVL�DX�XUFDW�SUHWXULOH�����Ì�&XP�SRWL�VD�GHUXWH]L�R�EORQGD"5�1X�SRWL��DVD�V�D�QDVFXW�����Ì�&H�DUH��.P�OXQJLPH�VL�XQ�FRHILFLQHW�GH�LQWHOLJHQWD�GH���"5�2�SDUDGD�D�EORQGHORU�����Ì�'H�FH�R�EORQGD�SXQH�GHJHWXO�SH�FDSXO�FXLXOXL�FDQG�vO�EDWH�FX�FLRFDQXO"5�=JRPRWXO�vL�SURYRDFD�GXUHUL�GH�FDS�����Ì�&XP�V�D�DFFLGHQWDW�EORQGD�PDWXUkQG�IUXQ]HOH"5�&D]kQG�GLQ�FRSDF�����Ì�&XP�VH�FKHDPD�FRSLOXO�XQHL�EORQGH�FX�XQ SROLWLVW"5�5HWDUGR�����Ì�'H�FH�QX�SRW�EORQGHOH�VD�JDWHDVFD��GLQWU�R�FDUWH�GH�EXFDWH��SRUWLL�GXEOH"5�&XSWRUXO�QX�vQFDO]HVWH�SkQD�OD������&HOVLXV�������Ì�&XP�VFKLPEL�LPSUHVLD�XQHL�EORQGH"5�ÌL�VXIOLL�vQ�XUHFKH�������Ì�'H�FkWH�EORQGH�H�QHYRLH�VD�MRDFH��SULQVD�"5�8QD�VLQJXUD�������Ì�'H�FkWH�EORQGH�H�QHYRLH�SHQWUX�XQ�MRF��GH�D�Y�DWL�DVFXQVHOHD�"5�'H�XQD�VLQJXUD�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�FDUWHOD�GH�WHOHIRQ"5�&DUWHOD�DUH�PHPRULH�������Ì�&XP�WLL�R�EORQGD�vQ�VXVSDQV"5�ÌWL�VSXQ�HX�PkLQH�������Ì�'H�FH�WLQH�EORQGD�FXEXULOH�GH�JKHDWD�vQ�IULJLGHU"

Page 381: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�&D�VD�vO�UDFHDVFD��������'H�FH�R�EORQGD�QX�VWLH�VD�VFULH�FLIUD���"5�1X�VWLH�FDUH�GLQ�FHL�GRL�GH���VH�VFULH�SULPD�GDWD��������&XP�FLWHVWH�R�EORQGD�FLIUD����"5��8Q����vQWUHUXSW�GH�R�YLUJXOD���������'H�FH�SRDUWD�EORQGHOH�SDUXO�VWUkQV�vQ�FRF"5�&D�VD�DLEH�FkW�PDL�PXOW�vQ�FDS��������&H�DYDQWDMH�DL�GDFD�DL�R�EORQGLQD�FD�VL�SDVDJHU�vQ�PDVLQD"5�3RWL�SDUFD�vQ�ORFXULOH�GH�SDUFDUH�SHQWUX�KDQGLFDSDWL��������'H�FH�R�EORQGD�VFKLPED�VFXWHFHOH�EHEHOXVXOXL�R�GDWD�OD�OXQD"5�3H�VFXWHFH�VFULH��SkQD�OD����NLORJUDPH���������&DUH�HVWH��GXSD�SDUHUHD�XQHL�EORQGH��GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�YDFD�DOED�VL�XQD�PDUR"5�&HD�PDUR�GD�FDIHD�FX�ODSWH��������&H�HVWH�XQ�VFKHOHW�FX�SDU�EORQG�vQWU�R�EXGD�SXEOLFD"5�&kVWLJDWRUXO�FRQFXUVXOXL�GH�DQXO�WUHFXW�GH�Y�DWL�DVFXQVHOHD��������&H�VFULH�SH�R�FDUWH�SRVWDOD�GH�OD�R�EORQGD�DIODWD�vQ�FRQFHGLX"5�0D�GLVWUH]�PLQXQDW��2DUH�XQGH�PD�DIOX"�����'XSD�FH�FXQRVWL�FD�R�VFULVRDUH�D�IRVW�WULPLVD�GH�R�EORQGD"5�(VWH�VFULVD�VL�SH�SOLF�SH�SDUWHD�OLSLFLRDVD��������'XSD�FH�UHFXQRVWL�FD�XQ�ID[�D�IRVW�WULPLV�GH�R�EORQGD"5�$UH�WLPEUX�SRVWDO��������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�EORQGD�vQWU�XQ�LQVWLWXW�GH�vQYDWDPkQW�VXSHULRU"5�)HPHLH�GH�VHUYLFL��������&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�EORQGD�vQWU�XQ�LQVWLWXW�GH�vQYDWDPkQW�VXSHULRU"5�9L]LWDWRU��������&H�D�IDFXW�EORQGD�FkQG�D�DX]LW�OD�WHOHYL]RU�FD�SHVWH�����GLQ�DFFLGHQWH�VH�vQWkPSOD�OD�GRPLFLOLX"5�6�D�PXWDW��������'H�FH�QX�H[LVWD�EUXQHWH�SURDVWH"5�3HUR[LG��������&H�DX�vQ�FRPXQ�EORQGHOH�YRSVLWH�VL�PXODWULL"5�5DGDFLQL�QHJUH��������'H�FH�LDX�EORQGHOH�SLOXOD�DQWLEDE\"5�&D�VD�VWLH�FH�]L�D�VDSWDPkQLL�HVWH��������'H�FH�LD�R�EUXQHWD�SLOXOD�DQWLEDE\"5�6XSHUVWLWLH��������&H�VXQW�����GH�EORQGH�SH�IXQGXO�PDULL"5�8Q�vQFHSXW��������&H�FDXWD�GLVSHUDWH�EORQGHOH�SH�IXQGXO�RFHDQXOXL"5�3H�/HRQDUGR�GL�&DSULR��������&DUH�L�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�7LWDQLF"5�3H�7LWDQLF�VWL�FkWL�VDX�vPEDUFDW�����&XP�GHFXUJH�SUHOXGLXO�OD�R�EORQGD"

Page 382: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�6H�GH]EUDFD��������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�EUXQHWD"5����GH�PLQXWH�GH�PXQFD�GH�FRQYLQJHUH��������'H�FH�vL�WUHELXH�XQHL�EORQGH�FLQFL�RUH�VD�VFULH��/D�PXOWL�DQL���SH�XQ�WRUW"5�3DL�QX�UHXVHVWH�VD�EDJH�WRUWXO�PDL�UHSHGH�vQ�PDVLQD�GH�VFULV������'H�FH�EORQGHOH�QX�DX�DFFHV�SH�WXUQXO�(LIIHO"5�3HQWUX�FD�DU�GD�GH�PkQFDUH�OD�HOLFRSWHUH��������'H�FH�VH�DVHD]D�R�EORQGD�RDUED�SH�]LDU"5�&D�VD�FLWHDVFD�GH�SH�EX]H������&H�L�VSXQH�QXPDUXO����XQHL�EORQGH"5����SOXV�79$������&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�D�DWLQV�PRPHQWXO�RUJDVPXOXL"5�7L�DL�GDW�MRV�KDLQHOH�GH�GRXD�PLQXWH��������&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�D�DWLQV�PRPHQWXO�RUJDVPXOXL"5��V�D�WHUPLQDW�EDWHULD��������'H�FH�QX�VDUH�R�EORQGD�FX�SDUDVXWD�FkQG�H�SH�VWRS"5�6�D�SXWHD�VD�WUDJD�GH�VQXUXO�JUHVLW�������&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�FkQG�vL�HVWH�IULJ"6H�GXFH�vQ�FROWXO�FDPHUHL�FD�DUH����GH�JUDGH����&H�JvQGHVWH�R�EORQGD�FkQG�YHGH�R�FRDMD�GH�EDQDQD�SH�MRV"�&H�JKLQLRQ��$FXP�LDU�R�VD�FDG�vQ�FXU�������'XSD�FH�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�IRORVHVWH�YLEUDWRUXO"5�'XSD�GLQWLL�GLQ�IDWD�VSDUWL��������'H�FH�QX�IRORVHVF�EORQGHOH�YLEUDWRDUH�vQ�OLSVD�EDUEDWLORU"5�6D�QX�VL�VSDUJD�GLQWLL��������&H�]LFH�R�EORQGD�FkQG�YHGH�XQ�ILOP�SRUQR"5�$VWD�VXQW�HX��������&H�JDVHVWH�GHQWLVWXO�XQHL�EORQGH"5�1X��QX�JDXUL�vQ�GLQWH�FL�GLQWL�vQ�JDXUD��������&H�H�R�EORQGD�SH�XQ�WHUHQ�GH�IRWEDO"5�/RYLWXUD�OLEHUD��������&H�H�R�EORQGD�GH����GH�DQL�SH�WHUHQXO�GH�IRWEDO"5�/RYLWXUD�GH�SHGHDSVD��������&kQG�DUH�R�EUXQHWD�MXPDWDWH�GH�FUHLHU"5�'XSD�FH�VL�D�GHFRORUDW�SDUXO��������&H�HVWH�SHQWUX�R�EORQGD�IRDUWH�JUHX"5�&ODVD�D�WUHLD�����&H�HVWH�SHQWUX�R�EORQGD�IRDUWH�OXQJ"5�&ODVD�D�SDWUD��������'H�FH�QX�PDQkQFD�EORQGHOH�FDVWUDYHWL�PXUDWL"5�'H�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�DX�vQFHUFDW�OH�D�UDPDV�FDSXO�vQWHSHQLW�OD�JXUD�ERUFDQXOXL��������'H�FH�QX�PDQkQFD�EORQGHOH�FDVWUDYHWL�PXUDWL"

Page 383: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�%RUFDQHOH�DX�FDSDF�VL�QX�IHUPRDU�������Ì�&XP�VH�GHILQHVWH�R�PDUH�LJQRUDQWD"5�����GH�EORQGH�������Ì�8QGH�VH�GXF�EORQGHOH�FD�VD�VL�vQWkOQHDVFD�UXGHOH"5�ÌQ�JUDGLQD�GH�OHJXPH�������Ì�'H�FH�YUHD�R�EORQGD�VD�GHYLQD�PHGLF�YHWHULQDU"5�,XEHVWH�DWkW�GH�PXOW�FRSLL�������Ì�&H�VXQW�GRXD�EORQGH�vQWU�XQ�3RUVFKH"5�8Q�JORQW�'XP�'XP�������Ì�'H�FH�DX�EORQGHOH�WUHL�EXWRDQH�SH�IUXQWH"5�) H��6XJH��2SUHVWH�WH�������Ì�'H�FH�DX�EORQGLQHOH�RUJDQH�VH[XDOH"5�3DL�FH�DU�IDFH�WRDWD�]LXD�IDUD"�������Ì�&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�]DSDGD"5�3H�DPkQGRXD�WH�GDL�RGDWD�VL�VH�IDFH�SkUWLH�����Ì�&XP�VH�SRDWH�VWL�GDFD�R�EORQGD�D�XWLOL]DW�XQ�FRPSXWHU"5�'DFD�VH�YDG�FRUHFWLL�SH�HFUDQ�������Ì�&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�81,;"5�$PLQGRXD�VLQW�PXOWL�WDVNLQJ�VL�PXOWL�XVHU�����Ì�&H�REWLL�GDFD�vQFUXFLVH]L�R�EORQGD�FX�XQ�FRPSXWHU"5�8Q�DWRDWHVWLXWRU�FDUH�I H�GH�UXSH�������Ì�'H�FH�QX�DJUHHD]D�EORQGHOH�FRPSXWHUHOH"5�1X�SULQG�079�XO�����Ì�'H�FH�DX�GDW�&RPPRGRUH�IDOLPHQW"5�%ORQGHOH�DX�PkQFDW�WRDWH�&+,3�V�XULOH�������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�VXVRWHDOD�XQHL�EORQGH�OD�XUHFKHD�DOWHL�EORQGH"5�7UDQVIHU�GH�GDWH�������Ì�'H�FH�YDUVD�EORQGLQHOH�DSD�SHVWH�FDOFXODWRU�"5�9RU�VD�QDYLJKH]H�SH�,QWHUQHW�����Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�V�D�MXFDW�OD�FRPSXWHU"5�3H�MR\VWLFN�VXQW�XUPH�GH�UXM�����Ì�'XSD�FH�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�V�D�MXFDW�OD�FRPSXWHU"5�-R\VWLFN�XO�H�XPHG��������Ì�'XSD�FH�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�V�D�MXFDW�OD�FRPSXWHU"5�-R\VWLFN�XO�VH�DIOD�SH�VFDXQ�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�XQ�FRPSXWHU"5�ÌQ�FRPSXWHU�LQIRUPDWLD�WUHEXLH�EDJDWD�GRDU�RGDWD�������Ì�&XP�vL�IDFL�XQHL�EORQGH�R�UHVHWDUH�D�PHPRULHL"5�ÌL�IDFL�XQ�GXV�VL�R�vQWRUFL�FX�FDSXO�vQ�MRV�������Ì�'XSD�FH�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�D�IRVW�DVH]DWD�OD�FRPSXWHU"5�/kQJD�PDXV�VH�DIOD�R�EXFDWLFD�GH�FDVFDYDO�������Ì�'XSD�FH�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�D�IRVW�DVH]DWD�OD�FRPSXWHU"

Page 384: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�/D�YHQWLODWLD�FRPSXWHUXOXL�VH�DIOD�ILUH�GH�SDU�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�XQ�FRPSXWHU"5�1LFL�XQD��DPEHOH�SRW�QXPDUD�GRDU�SkQD�OD���������Ì�'H�FH�URDJD�R�EORQGD�SULHWHQLL�VD�vL�SDVWUH]H�EHFXULOH�DOEH�DUVH"5�&D�VD�VL�IDFD�vQWXQHULF�vQ�FDPHUD�����Ì�&H�]LFH�R�EORQGD�GDFD�R�SDVDUH��FDUH�]ERDUD�SH�GHDVXSUD�HL��VH�XVXUHD]D�H[DFW�SH�IDWD�HL"5�&H�ELQH�FD�PL�DP�WLQXW�JXUD�GHVFKLVD��DOIHO�HUDP�SOLQD�GH�FDFDW�GH�SDVDUH�SH�WRDWD�IDWD�������Ì�&H�]LFH�R�EORQGD�GDFD�R�SDVDUH��FDUH�]ERDUD�SH�GHDVXSUD�HL��VH�XVXUHD]D�H[DFW�SH�IDWD�HL"5�&H�ELQH�FD�YDFLOH�QX�SRW�]EXUD�������Ì�&H�VH�vQWkPSOD�FX�R�EORQGD�FkQG�VH�vPEROQDYHVWH�GH�$O]KHLPHU"5�ÌL�FUHVWH�,4�XO�����Ì�&DUH�H�IRUPDWLD�SUHIHUDWD�D�XQHL�EORQGH"5�$LU�6XSSO\�������Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�R�VHFUHWDUD�EORQGD�ODVDWD�vQVDUFLQDWD�GH�VHIXO�HL"5�%RVV���XPIODWD�����Ì�'H�FH�WUHEXLH�VFULVRULOH�FDWUD�EORQGH�VFULVH�vQFHW"5�3HQWUX�FD�QX�SRW�FLWL�UHSHGH�������Ì�'H�FH�SRDUWD�EORQGHOH�EOXJL�VWUkPWL"5�&D�VD�OL�VH�FLWHDVFD�SH�EX]H�������Ì�'H�FH�UDPkQH�QHPLVFDWD�R�EORQGD��OD�]RR��vQ�IDWD�FXVWLL�OHXOXL�FDUH�UDJH�GLQ�WRWL�UDUXQFKLL"5�9UHD�VD�YDGD�FH�ILOP�GD�0HWUR�*ROGZLQ�0D\HU�������Ì�&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�FDUWH�SRVWDOD�VL�R�EORQGD"5�$PkQGRXD�DMXQJ�OD�SRVWD�����Ì�&H�VH�vQWkPSOD�DWXQFL�FkQG�YH]L�VSULMLQLWH�GH�SHUHWH�WUHL�EORQGH�JRDOH�VL�FUDFLWH"5�([SR]LWLH�SXEOLFLWDUD�����Ì�'H�FH�LQWURGXFH�R�EORQGD�FXWLWXO�vQ�EXGD"5�6D�YDGD�GDFD�vQ�VFRLFD�QX�HVWH�R�SHUOD�����Ì�'H�FH�VH�XLWD�R�EORQGD�SHVWH�XQ�SDUDYDQ�GH�VWLFOD"5�6D�YDGD�FH�VH�JDVHVWH�GH�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD�������Ì�&XP�vVL�XVXFD�R�EORQGD�SDUXO"5�ÌO�WDLH�VL�vO�SXQH�SH�FDORULIHU�������Ì�&DUH�H�VLQJXUXO�FXYvQW�VWUDLQ�SH�FDUH�vO�VWLH�R�EORQGD"5�)LFWLY����YH]L�GLFWLRQDUXO�GH�OLPED�JHUPDQD�����Ì�'H�FH�vVL�LDX�RFKHODUL�GH�HFOLSVD�EORQGHOH"5�6D�QX�VH�DUGD�������Ì�'H�FH�EORQGD�QX�V�D�PDL�GXV�vQ�$QJOLD"5�$�DIODW�FD�%LJ�%HQ�QX�H�GHFkW�XQ�FHDV�������Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�EORQGD�D�OXDW�PXLH"5�,�D�UDPDV�LPSULPDWD�FDWDUDPD�SH�IUXQWH�������&H�]LFH�R�EORQGD�VRWXOXL�HL�FkQG�DFHVWD�R�]YkUOHVWH�SH�WUHSWHOH�SLYQLWHL"5�8UVXV�VDX�7LPLVRUHDQD"����Ì�&H�L�VSXL�XQHL�EORQGH�IDUD�PkLQL�VL�IDUD�SLFLRDUH"

Page 385: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�&H�WkWH�PLVWR��������Ì�'H�FH�QX�DX�EORQGHOH�SDU�SXELDQ"5�3HQWUX�FD�vVL�SXQ�WDPSRDQHOH�LQYHUV�������Ì�'H�FH�QX�vL�FDGH�XQHL�EORQGH�WDPSRQXO"5�9LGXO�GLQ�FDS�L�O�IL[HD]D�IRDUWH�ELQH�������Ì�&XP�vWL�GDL�VHDPD�FD�R�EORQGD�H�SH�URVX"5�$UH�WDPSRQXO�GXSD�XUHFKH�VL�vVL�FDXWD�vQHEXQLWD�WLJDUHD�������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�XQ�FRSDF"5�8Q�FRSDF�vVL�GD�VHPD�FkQG�H�FXOFDW�OD�RUL]RQWDOD��������Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�EORQGD�LQWHOLJHQWD"5�2�FH"���������Ì�&H�IDFH�R�EORQGD�GXSD�DO�WUHLOHD�IX DL�vQWUH�WkWH"5�ÌVL�VXIOD�QDVXO�������Ì�&H�H�R�EORQGD�FDUHLD�vL�FXUJH�QDVXO"5�3OLQD�������Ì�&H�H�FHO�PDL�UDX�OXFUX�OD�VH[�FX�EORQGHOH"5�6D�QX�DL�EDQFKHWHOH�UDEDWDELOH�������Ì�&DUH�H�XQHDOWD�SUHIHUDWD�D�EORQGHORU�OD�EHQ]LQDULH"5�3RPSD�SHQWUX�URWL�������Ì�&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�WLJDLH"5�$PEHOH�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH�ILHUELQWL�vQDLQWH�GH�D�EDJD�FDUQHD�vQ�HOH�����Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�YLUXVXO�+,9"5�9LUXVXOXL�L�VH�YD�JDVL�XQ�DQWLGRW�������Ì�'H�FH�vVL�EDJD�EORQGHOH�SUH]HUYDWLYH�vQ�XUHFKL"5�3HQWUX�FD�OD�EDWUkQHWH�VD�QX�DLEH�QHYRLH�GH�DSDUDWH�DXGLWLYH�������Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�EORQGHOH�ILUL�YHVHOH"5�3HQWUX�FD�QX�VWLX�DOWFHYD�������Ì�'H�FH�VXQW�EORQGHOH�ILUL�YHVHOH"5�3HQWUX�FD�H IRDUWH�XVRU�VD�OH�DPX]L�������Ì�'H�FH�QX�SRW�EORQGHOH�VD�VFKLPEH�EHFXO"5�3HQWUX�FD�vO�VSDUJ�vQWRWGHDXQD�FX�FLRFDQXO�������Ì�'H�FkWH�EORQGH�HVWH�QHYRLH�SHQWUX�D�VFKLPED�XQ�EHF"5�&H�H�DLD�XQ��EHF��������Ì�'H�FkWH�EORQGH�HVWH�QHYRLH�SHQWUX�D�VFKLPED�XQ�EHF"5�'RXD��XQD�WLQH�VWLFOD�JRDOD�GH�&ROD�/,*+7�VL�FHDODOWD�VWULJD���7$7$$$$$������Ì�&XP�vQQHFL�R�EORQGD"5�$VH]L�R�RJOLQGD�SH�IXQGXO�SLVFLQHL��������Ì�&XP�vQQHFL�R�EORQGD"5�1X�L�VSXQH�FD�WUHEXLH�VD�vQJKLWD�������Ì�&XP�IDFH�R�EORQGD��0RRQZDON�"5�ÌVL�VFRDWH�2%�XO�VL�DOXQHFD�FX�FXUXO�SH�SRGHD�������Ì�&kQG�SRWL�]LFH�GH�R�EORQGD�FD�H�R�EXQD�EXFDWDUHDVD"

Page 386: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

5�'DFD�UHXVHVWH�VD�VFRDWD�WRUWD�vQWUHDJD�GLQ�DSDUDWXO�GH�SUDMLW�SkLQH��������'H�FH�VXQW�DVD�GH�LQWHUHVDWH�EORQGHOH�GH�$,'6"5�3HQWUX�FD�SRW�VD�O�]LFD��FXYkQWXO��SH�OLWHUH��������'H�FH�PHUJ�EORQGHOH�SH�YkUIXUL�SH�OkQJD�GXODSLRUXO�FX�PHGLFDPHQWH"5�6D�QX�WUH]HDVFD�SLOXOHOH�VRPQLIHUH��������&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�GDFD�R�VRUD�PHGLFDOD�GXFH�R�JDOHDWD�FX�VSHUPD�SH�FRULGRDUHOH�VHFWLHL�GH�FKLUXJLH"5�2�EORQGD�D�IRVW�RSHUDWD�GH�VWRPDF��������&H�DX�EORQGHOH�vQ�FRPXQ�FX�QRULL"5�'DFD�GLVSDU�YD�IL�R�]L�IUXPRDVD��������&DUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�SXVFD�GH�YkQDWRDUH"5�$PEHOH�WUHEXLH�vQGRLWH�OD�PLMORF�VL�vQFDUFDWH�GH�OD�VSDWH���������&XP�vL�UXSL�XQHL�EORQGH�RVXO�QDVXOXL"5�3XL�R�EDQFQRWD�GH�����VXE�R�PDVD�GH�VWLFOD���������&H�]LFH�R�EORQGD�GDFD�R�vQWUHEL�GH�VDQDWDWH"""5�7RDWH�V�EXQH�VL� IUXPRDVH��GHVL�DP�FDQFHU� OD� ILFDW� VL� OHXFHPLH��PXOWXPHVF� OXL�'XPQH]HX�FD�QX�DP�DPLJGDOLWD� VDX�YUHRPDVHD�XPIODWD������'H�FH�UkG�EORQGHOH�WRW�WLPSXO"5�3HQWUX�D�VL�PHQWLQH�DQWUHQDPHQWXO�IDFLDO������&XP�HVWH�SR]LWLRQDW�VL�UHSDUWL]DW�FUHLHUXO�OD�EORQGH"5�/D�QLYHOXO�DEGRPHQXOXL��VXE�IRUPD�D�GRL�OREL��XQ�ORE�vQ�RYDUXO�GUHSW�VL�FHODODOW�vQ�RYDUXO�VWkQJ������'DFD�FHL�GRL�OREL�FRQFHS�R�WHRULH��FH�IDF�FX�LGHHD"5�2�DUXQFD�SULQ�WURPSD�OD�JXQRL��vQ�XWHU������&H�IDF�FX�LGHHD�GDFD�DFHDVWD�QX�VXFRPED�vQ�WHUPHQ�GH����GH�]LOH"5�2�vQHDFD�vQ�VkQJH������6L�GDFD�LGHHD�UH]LVWD�QRXD�OXQL��FH�VH�vQWkPSOD"5�6H�HOLPLQD�UDXO������'H�FH�IRORVHVF�EORQGHOH�UXM�QHJUX"""5�3HQWUX�FD�DX�FHQWXUD�QHDJUD�OD�VXSW�SX D������'H�FH�QX�VWLX�EORQGHOH�VD�QXPHUH�SkQD�OD���"5�3HQWUX�FD�DWXQFL�FkQG�DMXQJ�OD����DX�JXUD�SOLQD������&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�LQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�LDSD"5�'DFD�YUHL�V�R�SULYHVWL�LQ�RFKL��SH�LDSD�WUH�V�R�GHVFDOHFL��������2�SHUVRDQD�VH�QDVWH�EORQGD�VDX�GHYLQH�EORQGD"5�6H�DFFHSWD�DPEHOH�YDULDQWH��H�LQXPDQ�VD�GDP�YLQD�QXPDL�SH�SDULQWL������&DUH�L�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�JDLQD"5�*DLQD�DUH�ORJLFD�HL������&XP�VH�URDJD�R�EORQGD�vQ�WLPS�FH�VL�IDFH�FUXFH"5�'D�'RDPQH��VD�ILH�DWkW�GH�OXQJD��GH�OD�IUXQWH�OD�EXULF��VL�DWkW�GH�ODWD��GH�OD�XQ�XPDU�OD�FHODODW�������'H�FH�GHYLQ�QRUGLFLL�LPSRWHQWL�GH�OD�YkUVWH�IUDJHGH"5�3kQD�VL�SHQLVXO�VH�VDWXUD�GH�SURVWLD�DWkWRU�EORQGH������'H�FH�QHXURQXO�XQHL�EORQGH�QX�SOkQJH�QLFLRGDWD"5�3HQWUX�FD�QX�O�DU�DX]L�QLPHQL�

Page 387: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

����Ì�&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD�VL�R�FDUDPLGD"5�&DUDPLGD�R�GDL�GL�Q�PkQD�Q�PkQD�LDU�EORQGD�GLQ�SX D�Q�SX D�����Ì��&H�DX�EORQGHOH�VL�VWLFOHOH�FX�EHUH�vQ�FRPXQ"5�1,0,&��FDFL�DWXQFL�FkQG�GHVIDFL�R�EHUH�HVWL�FX�VLJXUDQWD�SULPXO�FDUH�R�vQFHUFL�%DQFXUL�OXQJL�FX�EORQGH���$WDFXO�GH�&RUG�� VL��&RPRWLD�&HUHEUDOD�� VWDX�SH�]LGXO�FLPLWLUXOXL� VL� IDF�FRQYHUVDWLH��2�EDED� WUHFH�SULQ�DSURSLHUH��=LFH$WDFXO�GH�&RUG��$VWD�L�D�PHD�3RFQHVWH�GLQ�GHJHWH�VL�EDED�FDGH�PRDUWD�GH�LQIDUFW��7UHFH�GXSD�XQ�WLPS�R�EORQGD�SH�DFROR��=LFH�&RPRWLD�&HUHEUDOD��$VWD�L�D�PHD�6L�SRFQHVWH�GLQ�GHJHWH��VL�SRFQHVWH��VL�SRFQHVWH��VL�SRFQHVWH��VL�SRFQHVWH�����2�EORQGD�HVWH�RSULWD�SH�VWUDGD�GH�XQ�RP�FDUH�R�vQWUHDED�FHYD�IRDUWH�UHSHGH�(D�vL�]LFH��9RUELWL�YD�URJ�PDL�vQFHW��6XQW�EORQGD�����&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�R�EORQGD��R�SURVWLWXDWD�VL�R�QLPIRPDQD"�3URVWLWXDWD�]LFH���1X�HVWL�JDWD"������1LPIRPDQD�]LFH���&H�"�(VWL�JDWD�GHMD"������%ORQGD�]LFH���%HM��FUHG�FD�DU�WUHEXL�VD�vPL�]XJUDYHVF�WDYDQXO�vQ�EHM������8Q�VRQGDM�GH�RSLQLH�D�GDW�SXEOLF�FD�EORQGHOH�VXQW�vQ�JHQHUDO�VDWLVIDFXWH�,QWHUYLHYDWHOH�QX�VL�DX��SXWXW�vQVD�DPLQWL�GH�FDWUH�FLQH�����2�EORQGD�YLQH�GH]DPDJLWD�GH�OD�SULPD�HL�vQWkOQLUH��0DPD��WLSXO�DVWD�H�XQ��ORRVHU���'UDJD�PHD�FUHG�FD�DU�WUHEXL�VD�WL�WLQ�R�PLFD�SUHOHJHUH�GHVSUH�VH[�����1X�PDPD��QX�H�DVWD��$�VSXV�vQVD�FD�QX�VWLH�VD�JDWHDVFD�����2�EORQGD�HVWH�vQ�FXUWH�FkQG�JXQRLHUXO�YLQH�VL�vQWUHDED��&HYD�JXQRL�D]L"%ORQGD�UDVSXQGH��$]L�R�VD�OXDP�WUHL�VDFL���8Q�JXQRLHU�VXQD�OD�R�XVD�VL�vL�GHVFKLGH�R�EORQGD�EXQD��$VWD�vO�vQWUHDED�FH�YUHD��6XQW�*LJL�JXQRLHUX�$VWD�vO�WUDJH�vQ�FDVD�vL�GD�SDQWDORQLL�MRV�VL�vL�VXJH�S D��3OHDFD�DVWD�PXOWXPLW��&ROHJX��&H�DL�VWDW�EDL�DWkW"$VWD�vL�]LFH�WRDWD�WDUDVHQLD��6H�GXFH�VL�DVWD�DFHODVL�WUDWDPHQW��6H�vQWRUF�OD�PDVLQD����VRIHUX��&H�DWL�VWDW�EDL�DWkWD"ÌL�]LF�DVWLD����6RIHUX���LD�VD�vPL�vQFHUF�VL�LR�QRURFX���6XQD�OD�XVD��7LSD��0DWD�FLQH�PDL�HVWL"�3HWUH�6RIHUX��%LQH��LD������GH�OHL��3DL�VWLWL����,R�DP�YHQLW�SHQWUX�DOWFHYD��1X�HVWL�JXQRLHU"�1X��$WXQFL�QX�VH�SRDWH�EDUEDWX�PHX�FkQG�D�SOHFDW�D]L�GLPLQHDWD�OD�VHUYLFL�PL�D�]LV��OD�JXQRLHUL���PXLH�VL�OD�VRIHU������GH�OHL���2�EORQGD�vQWUHDED�GRFWRUXO�GDFD�vQ�FD]XO�vQ�FDUH�DU�UDPkQH�JUDYLGD�FRSLOXO�DU�LHVL�SH�DFROR�SH�XQGH�LQWUD�VSHUPD��'RFWRUXO��'D�ELQHvQWHOHV�%ORQGD�VH�SULQGH�FX�PkLQLOH�GH�JkW�VL�]LFH��2�VD�ILH�vQVD�IRDUWH�VWUkPW�����2�EORQGD�YLQH�OD�GRFWRU�FX�R�EURDVFD�SH�FDS��'RFWRUXO�R�vQWUHDED��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW"/D�FDUH�EURDVFD��1X�VWLX��OD�vQFHSXW�PL�D�LHVLW�XQ�FRV�SH�FXU���

Page 388: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���2�EORQGD�YLQH�OD�GRFWRU�FX�XUHFKLOH�URVLL��'RFWRUXO�vQWUHDED��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FX�XUHFKHD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"%ORQGD�]LFH��&DOFDP�UXIHOH�FkQG�D�VXQDW�WHOHIRQXO�VL�GLQ�JUHVHDOD�PL�DP�SXV�FDOFDWRUXO�SH�XUHFKH�1HFRQYLQV�GRFWRUXO��6L�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FX�XUHFKHD�FHDODOWD"�%RXO�GUDFXOXL�D�PDL�VXQDW�vQFD�R�GDWD�������9HUVLXQH�2�EORQGD�YLQH�OD�GRFWRU�FX�XUHFKLOH�URVLL��'RFWRUXO�vQWUHDED��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FX�XUHFKHD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"%ORQGD�]LFH��&DOFDP�UXIHOH�FkQG�D�VXQDW�WHOHIRQXO�VL�GLQ�JUHVHDOD�PL�DP�SXV�FDOFDWRUXO�SH�XUHFKH�1HFRQYLQV�GRFWRUXO��6L�FH�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FX�XUHFKHD�FHDODOWD"�$P�vQFHUFDW�VD�VXQ�VDOYDUHD�������2�EORQGD�OD�JLQHFRORJ��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��YD�URJ�VD�YD�VFRDWHWL�FHDVXO�FD�PD�]JkUkLDWL����$FXP�YD�URJ�VD�LQWURGXFHWL� VL�PkQD�FHDODOWD�������$KKKK���DVD����VL�DFXP�YD�URJ�VD�DSODXGDWL����'DU��GRDPQD��QX�SRW��3DL�YHGHWL��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��FH�VWUkPWD�VvQW�������8Q�JLQHFRORJ��vQ�IDWD�XQHL�PHVH�JLQHFRORJLFH��SH�FDUH�vQ�SR]LWLH�JLQHFRORJLFD�VWDWHD�R�EORQGD��'RDPQD��VD�VWLWL�FD�HX�QX�PD�EkOEkL����FHHD�FH�DX]LWL�HVWH�HFRXO������8Q�JLQHFRORJ�H[DPLQHD]D�R�EORQGD��9DL��GRDPQD��GDU�DYHWL�XQ�YDJLQ�IRDUWH�PDUH�����9DL��GRDPQD��GDU�DYHWL�XQ�YDJLQ�IRDUWH�PDUH����%ORQGD�RIWHD]D��6WLDP��GRFWRUH��QX�WUHEXLD�VD�UHSHWL�'RFWRUXO��1�DP�UHSHWDW����2�EORQGD�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU��'RFWRUH��WUHEXLH�VD�PD�DMXWDWL��PD�GRDUH�SHVWH�WRW��&XP�DGLFD"�vQWUHDED�GRFWRUXO�%ORQGD�vVL�DWLQJH�JHQXQFKLXO�GUHSW�FX�GHJHWXO�LQHODU�VL�H[FODPD��$X��PD�GRDUH�$SRL�vVL�DWLQJH�REUD]XO�VL�WLSD��$X��6L�DLFL�PD�GRDUH�ÌVL�DWLQJH�OREXO�XUHFKLL�GUHSWH��$X��3kQD�VL�DLFL�PD�GRDUH�/D�FDUH�GRFWRUXO�R�vQWUHDED��6XQWHWL�R�EORQGD�QDWXUDOD"�'D��GHVLJXU��UDVSXQGH�HD��$VD�PD�JkQGHDP�VL�HX��$YHWL�XQ�GHJHW�VFUkQWLW����2�EORQGD�VXSUDSRQGHUDOD�PHUJH�OD�GRFWRU�VD�L�FHDUD�XQ�VIDW�$FHVWD�vL�UDVSXQGH�FD�GDFD�YUHD�VD�VODEHDVFD����.J�WUHEXLH�VD�DOHUJH�WLPS�GH�R�OXQD�%ORQGD�XUPHD]D�VIDWXO�PHGLFXOXL�VL�IHULFLWD��GXSD�R�OXQD�vL�GD�WHOHIRQ�VD�L�VSXQD�FH�PXOW�D�VODELW�/D�VIkUVLWXO�FRQYHUVDWLHL�vO�vQWUHDED��6L�DFXP�FXP�SRW�VD�DMXQJ�DFDVD"�����GH�NP�HVWH�R�GLVWDQWD�GHVWXO�GH�PDUH����2�EORQGD�FRPDQGD�R�SL]]D�����ÌQ�FDWH�IHOL�VD�Y�R�WDL"�ÌQ���VDX�vQ���"�vQWUHDED�EXFDWDUXO��ÌQ����Q�DV�SXWHD�QLFLRGDWD�VD�PDQkQF����IHOLL����2�EORQGD�EXQD�VH�GXFH�OD�XQ�KRWHO�VL�FHUH�R�FDPHUD��5HFHSWLRQHUXO�vL�H[SOLFD�FXP�FD�H�R�GHOHJDWLH�vQ�KRWHO��VL�FD�QX�PDL�DXGHFkW�XQ�VLQJXU�ORF��vQWU�R�FDPHUD�FX�WUHL�EDUEDWL��2N��]LFH�WLSD��DFFHSW�,QWUD�vQ�FDPHUD��EDUEDWLL�GHMD�VH�SUHJDWHDX���=LFH�SULPXO�

Page 389: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�+DL�VD�IDFHP�XQ�WkUJ��1RL�vWL�]LFHP�R�JKLFLWRDUH��GDFD�JKLFHVWL��WH�ODVDP�vQ�SDFH��GHFD�QX��WH�I HP�%ORQGD�ILLQG�GH�DFRUG��vQFHSH�SULPXO��&H�H�URVX��WUDLHVWH�vQ�SDGXUH�VL�PDQkFD�JDLQL"6H�JkQGHVWH�WLSD��VL�]LFH��OXSXO�2�I H��9LQH�DO�GRLOHD��&H�H�URVX��WUDLHVWH�vQ�SDGXUH�VL�PDQkFD�JDLQL"�/XSXO����VL�DVWD�R�I H�$O�WUHLOHD�OD�IHO�'XSD�YUHR���]LOH�UHFHSWLRQHUXO�GLVSHUDW��LQWUD�vQ�FDPHUD�VD�YDGD�FH�VH�vQWkPSOD��VL�YHGH�GRL�WLSL�vQWLQVL�SH�SDWXUL��VL�DO�WUHLOHDvQ�JHQXQFKL�vQ�IDWD�EORQGHL�]LFkQG��=L�YXOSH��]L�YXOSH�(D��/XSXO������6HIXO�R�vQWUHDED�SH�VHFUHWDUD�EORQGD��&XP�YD�SODFH�QRXD�SR]LWLH"�ÌQ�SULQFLSLX�IRDUWH�ELQH��GDU�FHYD�SH�ELURXO�DVWD�PD�vQWHDSD�vQ�VSDWH������%ORQGD�H�JUDYLGD��7DWDO�HL�R�vQWUHDED��&LQH�H�WDWDO�FRSLOXOXL"(D�UDVSXQGH��ÌQFKLSXLH�WL�FD�VWDL�FX�FXUXO�SH�XQ�ILHUDVWUDX�FLUFXODU��(L�ELQH�FDUH�GLQWH�DO�ILHUDVWUDXOXL�D�IDFXW�WDLHWXUD"���%ORQGD��VXSDUDWD�SH�FRSLL��1HUHFXQRVFDWRUL�FH�VXQWHWL��HX�PL�DP�OXDW�GH�OD�JXUD�FD�VD�YD�IDF�SH�YRL����%ORQGD��FDWUH�LQVWUXFWRUXO�GH�vQRW��&KLDU�H�DGHYDUDW�FD�GDFD�PL�VFRDWHWL�GHJHWXO�GLQWUH�SLFLRDUH�PD�VFXIXQG"���&D�VD�GHPRQVWUH]H�FD�EORQGHOH�QX�VXQW�DWkW�GH�SURDVWH�FXP�VH�VSXQH��HOH�RUJDQL]HD]D�XQ�FRQFXUV�GH�GHVWHSWDFLXQH�6H�XUFD�SH�VFHQD�R�EORQGD�FDUH�HVWH�FRQVLGUDWD�FH�PDL�GHVWHDSWD��MXULXO�vL�SXQH�R�vQWUHEDUH��&kW�IDFH����"(D�VWD�SXWLQ�SH�JkQGXUL�VL�UDVSXQGH����*UHVLW��VDOD�SOLQD�GH�EORQGH�VWULJD�WDUH��0DL�GDWL�L�R�VDQVD��PDL�GDWL�R�VDQVD�-XULXO�vL�PDL�SXQH�R�vQWUHEDUH�&kW�IDFH����"����*UHVLW6DOD�VWULJD��0DL�GDWL�L�R�VDQVD�����%LQH�XOWLPD�vQWUEDUH��&kW�IDFH����"����/D�FDUH�VDOD�VWULJD��0DL�GDWL�L�R�VDQVD�������0HUJH�XQ�WLS�vQWU�XQ�SDUF�VL�YHGH�R�EORQGD�EXQD�DVH]DWD�SH�R�EDQFD��6H�DVHD]D�ODQJD�HD�VL�R�vQWUHDED��'RPQLVRDUD��QX�YUHWL�VD�YHQLWL�OD�PLQH�DFDVD�VD�PDQFDP�R�SL]]D�VL�VD�IDFHP�VH["�1X�GRPQXOH��UDVSXQGH�WLSD�IRDUWH�UDVWLWD��'DU�GH�FH�GRPQLVRDUD"�1X�YD�SODFH�SL]]D"���0HUJH�R�EORQGD�OD�DSUR]DU�VD�IDFD�FXPSDUDWXUL��$YHWL�EDQDQH"�'D�ELQHvQWHOHV��9UHDX�XQ�NLO�,D�EORQGD�XQ�NLO�GH�EDQDQH�VL�GXSD�FH�LHVH�FX�DOHD�GLQ�DSUR]DU�GHVIDFH�XQD�VL�R�JXVWD��%OHDFV���FH�JXVW�GH�SUH]HUYDWLYH�DUH�������'RXD�EORQGH�VH�SOLPED�SH�SODMD�VL�JDVHVF�GRXD�ERPEH��=LFH�XQD��7UHEXLH�VD�OH�GXFHP�LPHGLDW�OD�SROLWLH��6L�GDFD�XQ�H[SORGHD]D"�$WXQFL�]LFHP�FD�DP�JDVLW�QXPDL�XQD���

Page 390: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���'RXD�EORQGH�vQFHDUFD�VD�GHVFKLGD�SRUWLHUD�XQHL�PDVLQL�FX�XQ�XPHUDV�GH�KDLQH��=LFH�SULPD��1X�FUHG�FD�UHXVHVF�VD�R�GHVFKLG�DVD�/D�FDUH�D�GRXD��$L�IDFH�LQVD�ELQH�VD�WH�JUDEHVWL��9LQH�SORDLD�VL�SUHODWD�H�vQFD�SH�PDVLQD������'RXD�EORQGH�VWDX�SH�R�FUDFD�vQWU�XQ�SRP�VL�WDLH�FX�ILHUDVWUDXO�FUDFD�SH�FDUH�VWDX��2�EUXQHWD�WUHFH�SH�DFROR�VL�OH�]LFH��9HGHWL�FD�R�VD�FDGHWL�GLQ�FRSDF��GDFD�VWDWL�SH�FUDFD�DLD�%ORQGHOH�UkG�VL� WDLH�PDL�GHSDUWH��'XSD�XQ� WLPS�VH� vQWkPSOD� LQHYLWDELOXO��FUDFD� VH� UXSH� VL�EORQGHOH�SLFD�GLQ�SRP��%UXQHWDWUHFH�GLQ�vQWkPSODUH�SH�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD�D�VWUD]LL��8QD�GLQ�EORQGH�]LFH��+DL�VD�R�vQWUHEDP�GDFD�QX�YUHD�VD�QH�FLWHDVFD�vQ�SDOPD������2�EORQGD�vL�SRYHVWHVWH�DOWHLD�LQGLJQDWD��ÌQFKLSXLHWL�� LHUL� vQ� WLPS� FH� PD� SOLPEDP� SULQ� RUDV�� XQ� WLS� JUHWRV�� vQWU�R�PDVLQD� VSRUW�� IUkQHD]D� EUXVF� OkQJD� PLQH� VL� PDvQWUHDED�GDFD�QX�YUHDX�VD�IDF�R�WXUD�FX�PDVLQD�OXL��$VD�XQ�WkPSLW��'DU�VD�VWLL�FD�DYHD�R�ORFXLQWD�PLVWR�������'RXD�EORQGH��'UDJD��WLH�QX�WL�PLURDVH�D�SX D"�7H�URJ�VD�PD�VFX]L��DP�UkJkLW�IDUD�VD�YUHDX����7UHL�EORQGH�VWDX�VL�VH�FKLQXLH�VD�GRYHGHDVFD�FDUH�GLQWUH�SULHWHQLL�ORU�DUH�SX D�PDL�PDUH��3ULPD�]LFH��3ULHWHQXO�PHX�R�DUH�OD�IHO�FD�R�EDQDQD�&HOHODOWH��&XP�DGLFD�GUDJD��DWkW�GH�PDUH��DWkW�GH�vQFRYRLDWD"�'DU�GUDJD��H[DFW�DVD�$�GRXD�]LFH��3ULHWHQXO�PHX�R�DUH�H[DFW�FD�XQ�VWLXOHWH�GH�SRUXPE��&XP�DGLFD�GUDJD��DWkW�GH�PDUH��DWkW�GH�GUHDSWD��DVD�FX�VWULDWLL"�%LQHvQWHOHV�$�WUHLD�]LFH��3ULHWHQXO�PHX�R�DUH�FD�XQ�SHSHQH��&XP�DGLFD�GUDJD��DWkW�GH�JURDVD��GH�LPHQVD"�1X�GUDJD��DWkW�GH�GXOFH������'RXD�EORQGH�VH�vQWvOQHVF�vQ�IDWD�XQHL�SROLFOLQLFL��8QD�GLQWUH�HOH�SOkQJHD��'H�FH�SOkQJL"�7UHEXLH�VD�PL�IDF�DQDOL]D�VkQJHOXL��6L�GH�FH�SOkQJL"�7L�H�IULFD"�'D��3HQWUX�DVWD�WUHEXLH�VD�WH�vQWHSH�vQ�GHJHW�$WXQFL�D�GRXD�EORQGD�vQFHSH�VD�SOvQJD�VL�HD��&HDODOWD�VH�RSUHVWH�vQPDUPXULWD��'DU�WX�GH�FH�SOkQJL"�(X�DP�YHQLW�SHQWUX�XQ�WHVW�GH�XULQD����'RXD�EORQGH�PHUJHDX�SH�VWUDGD��LDU�XQD�GLQWUH�HOH�H[FODPD��8LWD�WH�OD�FkLQHOH�DOD�FX�XQ�RFKL�&HDODOWD�EORQGD�vVL�DFRSHUD�XQ�RFKL�VL�]LFH��8QGH"���'RXD�EORQGH�PHUJ�SH�VWUDGD��8QD�]LFH��+DL�VD�OXDP�R�EDQDQD�,DU�FHDODOWD��0DL�ELQH�VD�OXDP�GRXD�FD�SRDWH�XQD�R�VD�YUHP�VD�R�PkQFDP����'RXD�EORQGH�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�EDU��6XQW�IHULFLWH��GDQVHD]D�VL�FkQWD��7RW�FRPDQGD�ILHFDUH�FkWH�FHYD�GH�EDXW�%DUPDQXO�SkQD�OD�XUPD��OH�vQWUHDED�FH�VDUEDWRUHVF��8QD�GLQWUH�HOH�vL�H[SOLFD��7RFPDL�DP�WHUPLQDW�XQ�SX]]OH�VL�QH�D�OXDW�QXPDL���OXQL�VD�WHUPLQDP��6L"�ÌQWUHED�EDUPDQXO��3H�FXWLH�VFULD�����DQL����'RXD�EORQGH�OD�FLQHPDWRJUDI��8QD�GLQWUH�HOH�vL�VSXQH�FHOHLODOWH�vQ�VRDSWD��7LSXO�GH�ODQJD�PLQH�VH�PDVWXUEHD]D����1X�L�QLPLF��LJQRUD�O��1X�SRW�ILLQGFD�IRORVHVWH�PkQD�PHD�

Page 391: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRXD�EORQGH�VL�SULPD�]LFH��,HUL�DP�IDFXW�R�FX�XQ�SURIHVRU�XQLYHUVLWDU��6L�FXP�D�IRVW"�(O�DYHD�SHQLV�$�GRXD�VWD�VL�QX�]LFH�QLPLF��3ULPD�FRPSOHWHD]D��(�WRW�FD�R�S D��GDU�PDL�PLFD������'RXD�EORQGH�VWDX�SH�PDOXO�XQHL�DSH�VL�YRUEHVF��&XP�DMXQJHP�SH�PDOXO�FHODODOW"�]LFH�XQD�GLQWUH�HOH��3URDVWR�WX�QX�YH]L�FD�VXQWHP�SH�FHODODOW�PDO������'RXD�EORQGH�GLVFXWD�SH�VWUDGD��0L�HVWH�DVD�IRDPH�vQFkW�PL�R�WUDJ�FX�WUHL�SHQWUX�R�FXWLH�GH�FRQVHUYH��0D��GD�R�GXFL�ELQH��(X�LDX�R�PXLH�QXPDL�FD�DP�FHYD�FDOG�vQ�EXUWD������'RXD�EORQGH�IDF�FRQYHUVDWLH��$L�FLWLW�YUHRGDWD�6KDNHVSHDUH"�1X��FLQH�O�D�VFULV"���'RXD�EORQGH�VH�SOLPED�EUDW�OD�EUDW�SH�VWUDGD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��XQD�GLQWUH�HOH�YHGH�R�RJOLQGD�SH�MRV�2�ULGLFD�VL�VH�XLWD�vQ�HD��1X�VWLX�GH�FH��GDU�IDWD�DVWD�PL�VH�SDUH�FXQRVFXWD����'D�PL�VL�PLH�VD�YDG��VSXVH�FHDODOWD����1RUPDO�FD�WL�H�FXQRVFXWD��3URDVWR��VXQW�FKLDU�HX�vQ�SR]D����2�EORQGD�VL�R�EUXQHWD�FDG�GH�SH�XQ�SRG�vQDOW��&DUH�DMXQJH�SULPD�MRV"%UXQHWD��EORQGD�VH�PDL�RSUHVWH�VD�vQWUHEH�GUXPXO����2�EORQGD�VL�R�EUXQHWD�PHUJ�SULQ�SDUF��%UXQHWD�]LFH��$XXX��XLWH�R�SDVDULFD�PRDUWD�%ORQGD�VH�RSUHVWH�VH�XLWD�vQ�VXV�VL�]LFH��8QGH"������2�EORQGD�VL�R�EUXQHWD�VXQW�SH�DXWRVWUDGD�vQWU�XQ�WLU��$MXQJ�OD�XQ�SRG��FDUH�DUH�R�vQDOWLPH�GH���PHWUL��%UXQHWD��/D�GUDFX��WLUXO�QRVWUX�DUH�R�vQDOWLPH�GH���PHWUL��6L�EORQGD��0DUHVWH�YLWH]D��QX�HVWH�QLFL�XQ�SROLWLVW�SULQ�DSURSLHUH����2�EORQGD�VL�R�EUXQHWD�GLVFXWD�GHVSUH�YLDWD�ORU�VH[XDOD��%UXQHWD��6HDUD�WUHFXWD�DP�DYXW�WUHL�RUJDVPH�OD�UkQG��$VWD�H�QLPLF��QRDSWHD�WUHFXWD�HX�DP�DYXW�SHVWH�R�VXWD��]LFH�EORQGD��'XPQH]HXOH��1X�FUHGHDP�FD�SULHWHQXO�WDX�H�DWkW�GH�EXQ�OD�SDW�/D�FDUH�EORQGD�VRFDWD��$��WX�YRUEHDL�GH�XQ�VLQJXU�WLS����2�EORQGD��R�EUXQHWD�VL�R�URVFDWD�XUFDX�FX�OLIWXO��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��EUXQHWD�YHGH�R�SDWD�DOED�SH�SRGHDXD�OLIWXOXL��$UDWD�GH�SDUFD�DU�IL�VSHUPD���5RVFDWD�VH�DSOHDFD��PLURDVH�SDWD�VL�]LFH��6L�PLURDVH�D�VSHUPD���%ORQGD�EDJD�GHJHWXO��JXVWD�VL�VSXQH��6LJXU�QX�H�D�FXLYD�GLQ�FODGLUHD�DVWD������'RXD�EUXQHWD�VL�R�EORQGD�VWDX�vQ�VDOD�GH�QDVWHUL�vQ�DVWHSWDUH�GXUHULORU��3ULPD�EUXQHWD��(X�YRL�QDVWH�R�IHWLWD��$WXQFL�FkQG�DP�UDPDV�JUDYLGD�VWDWHDP�SH�VSDWH�$�GRXD�EUXQHWD�(X�YRL�QDVWH�XQ�EDLHWHO��&kQG�DP�UDPDV�JUDYLGD�HX�HUDP�GHDVXSUD�/D�FDUH�EORQGD��9DL��YDL�DVWD�vQVHDPQD�FD�HX�YRL�QDVWH�XQ�FDWHOXV�������$MXQJH�R�EORQGD�OD�XQ�UkX�VL�vVL�]LFH��9DL��XQ�UkX��&XP�DMXQJ�HX�SH�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD�"�'DFD�DV�IL�GH�]HFH�RUL�PDL�GHVWHDSWD�DV�VWLL�FH�VD�IDF�DFXP�'LQWU�R�GDWD�VH�vQWkPSOD�R�PLQXQH��HD�GHYLQH�EUXQHWD�VL�WUHFH�UkXO�vQRW�

Page 392: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���0DL�YLQH�R�EORQGD�OD�PDOXO�UkXOXL�VL�vVL�]LFH��9DL��XQ�UkX��&XP�DMXQJ�HX�SH�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD�"�'DFD�DV�IL�GH�R�VXWD�GH�RUL�PDL�GHVWHDSWD�DV�VWLL�FH�VD�IDF�DFXP�'LQWU�R�GDWD�VH�vQWkPSOD�R�PLQXQH��HD�VH�WUDQVIRUPD�vQWU�XQ�QHJUX�vVL�FRQVWUXLHVWH�R�FDQRH�VL�WUHFH�UkXO����0DL�YLQH�R�vQFD�R�EORQGD�OD�PDOXO�UkXOXL�VL�vVL�]LFH��9DL��XQ�UkX��&XP�DMXQJ�HX�SH�SDUWHD�FHDODOWD�"�'DFD�DV�IL�GH�R�PLH�GH�RUL�PDL�GHVWHDSWD�DV�VWLL�FH�VD�IDF�DFXP�'LQWU�R�GDWD�VH�vQWkPSOD�R�PLQXQH��HD�VH�WUDQVIRUPD�vQWU�XQ�EDUEDW�VL�WUHFH�SRGXO������2�EORQGD�VH�vQWRDUFH�GH�OD�WUHDED�GLPLQHDWD�6H�DVHD]D�vQ�SDW��vVL�vQFUXFLVHD]D�SLFLRDUHOH�VL�UHPDUFD�FX�VDWLVIDFWLH��ÌQ�VIkUVLW�GUDJHOH�PHOH����GLQ�QRX�vPSUHXQD������2�EORQGLQD�vQ�DYLRQ�VH�DGUHVHD]D�VWHZDUGHVHL��9D�URJ�VSXQH�WL�SLORWXOXL�VD�QX�GHSDVHDVFD�YLWH]D�VXQHWXOXL��(X�VL�SULHWHQXO�PHX�GRULP�VD�IDFHP�FRQYHUVDWLH����2�EORQGD�FX�FDVWL��VL�ZDONPHQ�LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�FRDIRU��VD�VH�WXQGD��6H�DVHD]D�SH�VFDXQ��VL�]LFH��9UHDX�VD�PD�WXQG��7UHEXLH�VD�WL�GDL�MRV�FDVWLOH��vL�VSXQH�IUL]HUXO��1X��QX�SRW�VD�IDF�DVWD��'DFD�PL�DV�VFRDWH�FDVWLOH��DV�PXUL�)UL]HUXO�vQFHSH�VD�R�WXQGD�SH�XQGH�PDL�SXWHD�VL�HO��IDUD�VD�L�VFRDWD�FDVWLOH��&kQG�YHGH�QX�PDL�DYHD�FH�VD�PDL�WXQGD��vL�VSXQHEORQGHL��*DWD��QX�VH�PDL�SRDWH��WUH�VD�WL�VFRWL�FDVWLOH��1X�QLFL�JkQG��'DFD�PL�OH�VFRW��VLJXU�R�VD�PRU�)UL]HUXO�PDL�WXQGH�HO��FH�PDL�WXQGH��VL�OD�XQ�PRPHQWGDW�vL�VFRDWH�FDVWLOH�%ORQGD�PDL�WUDJH�R�GDWD�DHU�vQ�SLHSW��GXSD�FDUH�FDGH�MRV�PRDUWD�&XULRV��IUL]HUXO�ULGLFD�FDVWLOH��VL�OH�SXQH�OD�XUHFKL�VD�DXGD�FH�DVFXOWD�EORQGD��,QVSLUDWL��UHVSLUDWL��LQVSLUDWL��UHVSLUDWL������/D�XQ�ERUGHO�GH�EDUEDWL�LQWUD�R�EORQGD��9UHDX�XQ�EDUEDW��GDU�VD�ILH�DGHYDUDW�FD�SkQD�DFXP�QX�PL�D�UH]LVWDW�QLPHQL���'X�WH�OD�HWM����vO�JDVHVWL�SH�DPHULFDQ��WH�VDWLVIDFH�OD�VLJXU�6H�GXFH��vL�GD���QXPHUH��DOD�GD�SH�VSDWH��QX�PDL�SRDWH�6H�GXFH�OD�UHFHSWLH�GLQ�QRX��9UHDX�XQ�EDUEDW�VL�PDL�DGHYDUDW��'X�WH�OD�HWM����vO�JDVHVWL�SH�UXV��DVWD�H�UH]LVWHQW�ÌL�GD�VL�UXVXOXL���QXPHUH��FUDSD�VL�DVWD��LDU�OD�UHFHSWLH��9D�EDWHWL�MRF�GH�PLQH�����'X�WH�OD�HWM����DFROR�QH�D�PDL�UDPDV�URPkQXO��7H�VDWLVIDFH�OD�VLJXU����QXPHUH��FUDSD�VL�URPkQXO��9D�GDX�LQ�MXGHFDWD��YUHDX�FHYD�DGHYDUDW��1H�SDUH�IRDUWH�UDX��QH�D�PDL�UDPDV�GRDU�FKLQH]XO��'DWL�O�vQFRDFH�/D�HWM����FKLQH]XO�ÌL�GD�FKLQH]XO���QXPHUH��VH�GD�MRV�GH�SH�HD��%ORQGD��*DWD��DL�RERVLW�GHMD"�0D�GXF�VD�GDX�ERUGHOXO�vQ�MXGHFDWD��1X�YD�LPSDFLHQWDWL��PD�UHIDF�)DFH���DEGRPHQH��WUDJH���RUL�GH�ILDUH��IDFH���IORWDUL��VH�URVWRJROHVWH�R�GDWD�SH�VXE�SDW��LHVH�DIDUD�vL�PDL�GD���QXPHUH�EORQGHL�2ERVHVWH�GLQ�QRX��FRERDUD�GH�SH�EORQGD�VL�LDU�H[HUFLWLLOH�GH�OD�LQFHSXW����DEGRPHQH����$VD�IDFH�WLPS�GH����GH�QXPHUH��'H�GDWD�DVWD�RERVHVWH�EORQGD��VH�GD�MRV�IDFH���DEGRPHQH��GH���RUL�GH�ILDUH����IORWDUL�VL�FkQGVH�URVWRJROHVWH�SH�VXE�SDW�VXUSUL]D�&H�FUHGHWL�FD�D�JDVLW�"�����GH�FKLQH]L����(PRWLL�PDUL�OD�FLUF��8Q�QXPDU�GH�GUHVXUD�H[WUDRUGLQDU��FURFRGLOXO�LPHQV�GHVFKLGH�JXUD��GUHVRUXO�VDX�vVL�GHVIDFH�VOLWXO��vVLVFRDWH�SHQLVXO�VL�O�EDJD�vQ�JXUD�ILDUHL��GXSD�FDUH�vL�WUDJH�XQD�vQ�FDS�FX�R�EkWD�$QLPDOXO�vVL�vQFKLGH�SXWHUQLFHOH�IDOFL�FX�UDSLGLWDWH��7RDWD�OXPHD�UDPkQH�vQPDUPXULWD��ÌQWU�XQ�WvU]LX��DPLPDOXO�vVL�GHVFKLGHGLQ�QRX�JXUD� LDU�SHQLVXO�GUHVRUXOXL�DSDUH� LQWDFW�GLQWUH�GLQWLL� DVFXWLWL�DL� ILDUHL��2YDWLLOH�VL�DSODX]HOH�QX�FRQWHQHVF��'UHVRUXO]LFH��6WLPDWL� VSHFWDWRUL�� FHO� GLQWUH� GXPQHDYRDVWUD� FDUH� DUH� FXUDMXO� VD� UHSHWH� QXPDUXO� SH� FDUH� HX� WRFPDL� O�DP� IDFXW�� DUH� ]HFHPLOLRDQH�GH�OHL�1X�VH�DQXQWD�QLPHQL��QXPDL�R�EORQGD�GLQ�XOWLPXO�UkQG���$V�vQFHUFD��VSXQH�HD��'DU�DP�R�VLQJXUD�UXJDPLQWH��6D�QX�PD�ORYLWL�SUHD�WDUH�FX�EkWD�

Page 393: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���2�EORQGD�DUH�QHYRLH�GH�EDQL��6H�KRWDUHVWH�VD�VL�YkQGD�PDVLQD��GDU�DUH���������NP�OD�ERUG�VL�H�FDP�JUHX�GH�YkQGXW��6HGXFH�OD�XQ�SULHWHQ��$VWD�vL�VSXQH��$U�IL�R�YDULDQWD��GD�QX�SUHD�H�OHJDOD���7H�WULPLW�LR�OD�XQ�WRYDUDV�GH�DO�PHX�PHFDQLF�VL�vWL�GD�vQDSRL�NLORPHWUDMX�OD��������NP�=LV�VL�IDFXW��'XSD�GRXD�OXQL�VH�vQWkOQHVF��%ORQGD�HUD�WRW�FX�DFHHDVL�PDVLQD��7LSX�R�vQWUHDED��&H�IDFL�PD��Q�DL�PDL�YkQGXW�R"�'D�FH��PD�FUH]L�SURDVWD��DUH�QXPD��������NP����2�EORQGD�D�SULPLW�GH�]LXD�HL�R�PDVLQD�VSRUW��XOWLPXO�WLS�&RQGXFH� JDJLFD� PDVLQD� VL� OD� XQ� PRPHQW� GDW� GHSDVHVWH� VL� vL� WDLH� FDOHD� XQXL� FDPLRQ�� GXSD� FDUH� vL� IDFH� VHPQH� REVFHQHVRIHUXOXL�'XSD�YUHR�RUD�GH�PHUV�SH�DXWRVWUDGD��EORQGD�RSUHVWH�OD�XQ�0F'ULYH�VD�VL�LD�FHYD�GH�PkQFDUH��/D�FkWHYD�PLQXWH��VRVHVWH�VLFDPLRQDJLXO�&XP�R�YHGH��VFRDWH�XQ�GLWDPDL�FXWLWXO�VL�R�LD�GH�SDU��,D�FDPLRQDJLXO� QRVWUX�R�EXFDWD�GH�FUHWD�GHVHQHD]D�XQ�FHUF�VL� vL�]LFHEORQGHL��9H]L�FHUFX�DVWD�GH�DLFL"�6D�QX�WH�SULQG�FD�vQGUD]QHVWL�VD�LHVL�GLQ�HO�$SRL�� FDPLRQDJLXO� GHVFKLGH� SRUWLHUD� PDVLQLL� VSRUW� VL� WDLH� WRDWD� vPEUDFDPLQWHD� GH� SLHOH� GH� SH� VFDXQHOH� PDVLQLL��%ORQGDREVHUYD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�UkGD�WDUH��&H�GUDFX�JDVHVWL�GH�UkV"%ORQGD� QLPLF�� &RQWLQXD� VD� UkGD� vQ� FRQWLQXDUH�� $WXQFL�� FDPLRQDJLXO� LD� XQ� FLRFDQ� VL� IDFH� SUDI� JHDPXULOH� PDVLQLL� VSRUW�%ORQGD��IDUD�VD�LDVD�GLQ�FHUFXO�GHVHQDW��FRQWLQXD�VD�UkGD�6L�PDL�QHUYRV��FDPLRQDJLXO�LD�R�FDQLVWUD�FX�EHQ]LQD��R�WRDUQD�SH�PDVLQD�EORQGHL�VL�R�IDFH�VFUXP�%ORQGD�WRW�PDL�UkGHD��$WXQFL��FDPLRQDJLXO��HQHUYDW��R�vQWUHDED��3RWL�VD�PL�H[SOLFL�VL�PLH�GH�FH�UD]L�vQ�KDOXO�DVWD��QX�YH]L�FD�WL�DP�GLVWUXV�PDVLQD"�&H�FRQWHD]D��GDU�QX�P�DL�REVHUYDW��DP�LHVLW�GH�SDWUX�RUL�GLQ�FHUF����8Q�UXV��XQ�DPHULFDQ�VL�R�EORQGD�GLVFXWD��5XVXO�VSXQH��1RL�DP�IRVW�SULPLL�FDUH�DP�DMXQV�vQ�VSDWLX�$PHULFDQXO��1RL�DP�IRVW�SULPLL�FDUH�DP�DMXQV�SH�OXQD�%ORQGD��1RL�YRP�IL�SULPHOH�FDUH�YRP�DMXQJH�SH�6RDUH�5XVXO�VL�DPHULFDQXO��,GLRDWR��QX�VH�SRDWH�DMXQJH�SH�6RDUH��9HWL�DUGH�vQDLQWH�GH�D�DMXQJH�DFROR�%ORQGD��'D�FH��FUH]L�FD�VXQWHP�DVD�GH�SURDVWH��QH�YRP�GXFH�QRDSWHD������8Q�WLS�VL�EORQGD�OXL�SULHWHQD�VH��SURVWHVF��%ORQGD�vL�VSXQH��9UHL��WH�URJ��VD�WL�VFRWL�LQHOXO"�0D�]JkUkLH��,QHO��SH�QDLED��VSXQH�HO��(VWH�EUDWDUD�GH�OD�FHDV����%DUEDWXO�R�vQWUHDED�SH�EORQGD��(VWH�SULPD�RDUD�FLQG�IDFL�GUDJRVWH"�%LQHvQWHOHV��'H�FH�PD�vQWUHED�WRWL�EDUEDWLL�DFHODVL�OXFUX"���6RWXO�XQHL�EORQGH���'DFD�WH�PDL�SULQG�FD�DL�YUHXQ�DPDQW��vPL�FXPSDU�R�SXVFD�VL�vO�RPRU�%ORQGD���'UDJXO�PHX��WL�DU�WUHEXL�R�PLWUDOLHUD����8Q�SROLWDL�YHGH�vQWU�R�QRDSWH�R�EORQGD�FDUH�VWDWHD�vQ�JHQXQFKL�VXE�XQ�IHOLQDU��&H�IDFHWL�DLFL"���vQWUHDED�SROLWDLXO��0L�DP�SLHUGXW�LQHOXO�FX�GLDPDQWH�VL�vO�FDXW��$LFL�D�FD]XW"�1X��/D�EORFXO�YHFLQ�GDU�DLFL�HVWH�OXPLQD����8QXO�vQWUHDED�R�EORQGD��&XP�WH�FKHDPD"��������GH�OHL������%ORQGD�VH�KRWDUv�VD�GHVFKLGD�R�IHUPD�GH�JDLQL��FXPSDUD�HD�QLVWH�JDLQL����GDU� WRDWH�PRU��&XPSDUD�DOWH�JDLQL�� WUHFH�FkWYDWLPS��PRU�WRDWH��6H�GXFH�GLQ�QRX�VD�FXPSHUH�JDLQL��VL�O�vQWUHED�SH�YkQ]DWRU��2DUH�OH�vQJURS�SUHD�DGkQF��VDX�OH�XG�SUHD�GHV"���

Page 394: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���8Q�VRIHU�PDL�VDUDF�FX�GXKXO�VL�PDL�vQ�YkUVWD�PHUJHD�FX�FDPLRQXO�GH�OD�%XFXUHVWL�VSUH�7LPLVRDUD��7RW�PHUJkQG�HO��SH�ODLQWUDUHD�vQ�&OXM��R�EORQGD�PDUID�vL�IDFH�FX�PkQD�VD�RSUHDVFD�2SUHVWH�VL�EORQGD�vL�]LFH�GDFD�SRDWH�VD�R�GXFD� OD�7LPLVRDUD��%XQ��VH� VXLH�EORQGD� vQ�FDPLRQ��DMXQJ�HL� OD�7LPLVRDUD��$FROREORQGD�vL�]LFH��8LWH�PDL��ILLQGFD�P�DL�DMXWDW�DWkWD��HX�]LF�VD�WH�UDVSODWHVF�vQWU�XQ�IHO��&XP�EDQL�QX�DP�OD�PLQH��KDLGH�VD�R�IDFHP��'RPQLVRDUD��HX�VXQW�RP�EDWUkQ��QX�PD�PDL�WLQ�EUDFLQDULL�VD�R�IDF�VL�S�DVWD�(KH��SkQD�OD�XUPD��VH�GH]EUDFD�EORQGD��VL�VRIHUXO�QRVWUX�L�R�WUDJH�FX�FKLX�FX�YDL��YDGLW�QHVDWLVIDFXW��%ORQGD�DWXQFL�]LFH��$X]L��XLWH��FD�VD�PD�UHFRPSHQVH]�IDWD�GH�WLQH�VL�ILLQGFD�QX�D�IRVW�DVD�GH�QHPDLSRPHQLW��HX�]LF�VD�PL�R�GDL�VL�VXV��$SDL�GRPQLVRDUD��QX�VH�SRDWH��VSXVH�VRIHUXO�XLWkQGX�VH�FDWUH�FDPLRQ��FD�VXV�DP�QLVWH�EXWRDLH����3LORWXO�XQXL�DYLRQ�XLWkQG�PLFURIRQXO�GHVFKLV��vL�VSXQH�FRSLORWXOXL��'XSD�FH�PL�EHDX�FDIHDXD��PD�GXF�VD�L�R�WUDJ�VWHZDUGHVHL�EORQGH��FDUH�D�YHQLW�LHUL�%LQHvQWHOHV�FD�DFHDVWD��VXSDUDWD��VH�GXFH�UHSHGH�VSUH�FDELQD�SLORWXOXL��GDU�SH�FXORDU�HVWH�RSULWD�GLQ��FXUVD��GH�XQ�SDVDJHU��&H�WH�JUDEHVWL�DVD��ODVD�RPXO�VD�VL�EHD�OLQLVWLW�FDIHDXD����'LUHFWRUXO�DSHOHD]D�OD�SVLKRORJXO�ILUPHL�FD�VD�O�DMXWH�OD�DOHJHUHD�XQHL�QRL�VHFUHWDUH��3VLKRORJXO�SURILWD�GH�RFD]LH�SHQWUX�DGHPRQVWUD�HILFDWLWDWHD�PHWRGHL�VDOH�PRGHUQH�$FHDVWD�VH�UH]XPD�OD�D�SXQH�FDQGLGDWHORU�R�VLPSOD�vQWUHEDUH���&kW�IDF�GRL�VL�FX�GRL"���3ULPD�IDWD�UDVSXQVH�SURPW��3DWUX�$�GRXD�VH�JkQGL�R�FOLSD�vQDLQWH�GH�D�UDVSXQGH��&UHG�FD�GRXD]HFL�VL�GRL�$�WUHLD�UDVSXQVH�LPHGLDW��3RDWH�VD�ILH�SDWUX�VDX�SRDWH�VD�ILH�GRXD]HFL�VL�GRL�'XSD�FH�FDQGLGDWHOH�LHVLUD��SVLKRORJXO�VH�vQWRDUVH�WULXPIDWRU�FDWUH�ERVV��$FXP�SXWHWL�YHGHD�VL�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�FkWH�DWL�SXWXW�DIOD�GH�OD�ILHFDUH�GLQWUH�FDQGLGDWH�vQ�XUPD�vQWUHEDULL�PHOH�3ULPD�IDWD�D�GDW�UDVSXQVXO�HYLGHQW�IDUD�VD�PDL�VWHD�SUHD�PXOW�SH�JkQGXUL��$�GRXD�HVWH�PDL�VXEWLOD��vQVD�D�DYXW�H]LWDUL��$�WUHLDD�DFWLRQDW�FX�KRWDUkUH�VL�V�D�JDQGLW�OD�DPEHOH�SRVLELOLWDWL�6L�DFXP��SH�FDUH�R�SUHIHUDWL"�%RVVXO�Q�D�VWDW�PXOW�VD�VH�JkQGHDVFD��2�DQJDMH]�SH�EORQGLQD�vQDOWD�FX�IXVWD�PLQL����2�EORQGLQD�vQ�$PHULFD��3H�GUXPXO�vQVSUH�'LVQH\ODQG�YHGH�EORQGD�QRDVWUD�R�WDEOD�vQGLFDWRDUH���',61(</$1'�/()7��=LFH��3DFDW��VL�VH�vQWRDUFH�3H�GUXPXO�GH�vQWRDUFH�YHGH�R�WDEOD�LQGLFDWRDUH���&/($1�5(6752206���0,/(6��3H�SDUFXUVXO�FHORU���0LOH�D�FXUDWDW����GH�:&�XUL������=RUUR�VRVHVWH�FDODUH��vVL�VFRDWH�VDELD�VL�]JkUkLH�XQ�=�PDUH�SH�]LG�2�EORQGD�WUHFH�SULQ�DSURSLHUH�VL�]LFH��9DL��DVWD�L�=XSHUPDQQ����3LFD�R�EORQGD�GH�OD�HWDMXO������/D����R SULQGH�XQ�WLS��7H�IX L�FX�PLQH�VDX�vWL�GDX�GUXPX"�1X�PD�I W�6L�vL�GD�GUXPX���/D����R�SULQGH�XQ�WLS��7H�IX L�FX�PLQH�VDX�vWL�GDX�GUXPX"�1X�PD�I W�/D����R�SULQGH�XQX��7LSD�VSHULDWD��*DWD�PD�I W�FX�WLQH��3WLX�IX XWL�PDLFD�PDWL�GH�FXUYD��6L�vL�GD�GUXPX������2�EORQGD�VH�SOkQJH�SULHWHQXOXL�HL�FD�WRDWD�]LXD�HVWH�vQ�PDVLQD�VL�FD��FOLHQWLL�HL�VH�SOkQJ�FD�QX�R�SRW�FRQWDFWD��'H�FH�QX�WL�SXL�XQ�WHOHIRQ�vQ�PDVLQD"�3HQWUX�FD�QX�PL�SRW�SHUPLWH�XQ�OXFUX�DVD�GH�VFXPS��GDU�PL�DP�SXV�XQ�PDLOER[��6L���"�1X�DP�SULPLW�QLFL�R�VFULVRDUH�SkQD�DFXP��FUHG�FD�VH�VFKLPED�FRGXO�SRVWDO�PHUHX��FkQG�VXQW�SH�GUXP������2�EORQGD�GD�WHOHIRQ�OD�3RPSLHUL�VL�vQFHSH�VD�XUOH��$UGH��DUGH�YHQLWL�UHSHGH����6L�FXP�DMXQJHP�OD�ORFXO�LQFHQGLXOXL"�3DL�QX�PDL�DYHWL�PDVLQLOH�DOHD�PDUL�VL�URVLL"�������ÌQ����DQL�GH�FDVQLFLH��R�VLQJXUD�GDWD�DP�LHVLW�VHDUD�FX�VRWXO�PHX��VH�SOkQJH�R�EORQGD�

Page 395: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�6L�FkQG�D�IRVW�DVWD�"�&kQG�D�OXDW�IRF�FDVD�������3DULQWH��]LVH�EORQGD�OD�VSRYHGDQLH��PL�DP�vQVHODW�EDUEDWXO�DQXO�DFHVWD�GH����RUL��6L�UHJUHWL�FD�DL�SDFDWXLW"�1X�SUHD�UHJUHW��FD�HX�vQ�GRPHQLXO�DFHVWD�QX�VXQW�SUHD�FUHGLQFLRDVD����6L�DWXQFL�GH�FH�DL�PDL�YHQLW�OD�VSRYHGDQLH"�3DL�WUHEXLD�VD�PD�ODXG�VL�HX�OD�FLQHYD��QX"���2�EORQGD� vVL� LD�R� VOXMED� OD�GRPHQLXO�SXEOLF��7UHEXLD�VD�YRSVHDVFD�EDQGD�GH�SH�PLMORFXO�XQXL� GUXP�GH� WDUD��6HIXO�HL� vLVSXQH�FD�VH�DIOD�vQ�SHULRDGD�GH�SURED�VL�WUHEXLH�VD�YRSVHDVFD�FHO�SXWLQ���NLORPHWUL�SH�]L��GDFD�YUHD�VD�VL�SDVWUH]H�VHUYLFLXO�9HULILFkQG� OD� VIkUVLWXO� ]LOHL�� HO� YHGH� FD� vQ� SULPD� ]L� IDFXVH� �� NLORPHWUL�� GXEOX� IDWD� GH�PHGLH�� $� GRXD� ]L� D� IRVW� SXWLQ� PDLGH]DPDJLW��SHQWUX�FD�EORQGD�QX�YRSVLVH�GHFvW���NP��6H�JkQGHVWH�FD�RULFXP�DVWD�H�PHGLD�VL�WUHFH�FX�YHGHUHD�'DU�D�WUHLD�]L��FkQG�EORQGD�YRSVLVH�GRDU���NP��vL�VSXQH��&H�SUREOHPD�DL"�9UHR�ERDOD��YUHR�GHIHFWLXQH�D�HFKLSDPHQWXOXL"�&H�WH�RSUHVWH�VD�IDFL���NLORPHWUL�SH�]L"�6WLWL��FX�ILHFDUH�]L�VXQW�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�GHSDUWH�GH�JDOHDWD����8Q�SROLWLVW�RSUHVWH�R�PDVLQD�FRQGXVD�GH�R�EORQGD�GHRDUHFH�PDUJHD�SH�R�VWUDGD��FX�VHQV�XQLF��vQ�FRQWUDVHQV��6WLWL�XQGH�PHUJHWL"�1X�GDU�WUHEXLH�VD�ILH�UDX�WDUH�DFROR��7RWL�VH�vQWRUF������8Q�SROLWLVW�RSUHVWH�R�PDVLQD�FRQGXVD�GH�R�EORQGD��3UH]HQWDWL�YD�URJ�SHUPLVXO�OD�FRQWURO��3HUPLVXO"�&H�L�DVWD"�(�XQ�FDUQHWHO�UR]�vQ�FDUH�H�OLSLWD�SR]D�PDWDOH����1�DP��$WXQFL�DFWOHO�PDVLQLL��$FWHOH�PDVLQLL"�&H�L�DVWD"�2�KkUWLH�SH�FDUH�VFULH�D�FXL�H�PDVLQD��1�DP�3ROLWLVWXO�SULYHVWH�PDL�ELQH�OD�EORQGD�VL�]LFH��$WXQFL�WUHEXLH�VD�IDFHWL�DVWD���VL�vVL�VFRDWH�VFXOD�GLQ�QDGUDJL���/D�FDUH�EORQGD��1X�vQ�ILROD�QX�PDL�VXIOX��$P�PDL�VXIODW�DFXP����PLQXWH�OD�XQ�DOW�FROHJ�VL�D�YD]XW�FODU�FD�QX�DP�EDXW�SLFDWXUD�GH�DOFRRO������2�EUXQHWD�� R� URVFDWD� VL� R� EORQGD� VH� VDOYHD]D�GH� OD� QDXIUDJLX�SH�R� LQVXOD� SXVWLH��'D� OD� LQVXOD�PDL� VXQW� ��� NP�SkQD� ODFRQWLQHQWXO�SH�FDUH�H�DSD�VL�PkQFDUH�GLQ�EHOVXJ��%UXQHWD�SULYHVWH�vQ�GHSDUWDUH�VL�vVL�]LFH��$VWD�SRW�VD�IDF�6L�vQRDWD��'XSD���NP�RERVHVWH�VL�VH�vQHDFD��5RVFDWD��$VWD�SRW�VD�IDF�6L�vQRDWD��'XSD����NP�RERVHVWH�VL�VH�vQHDFD��%ORQGD�(X�R�VD�UHXVHVF�6L�vQRDWD����NP�����NP������NP��'XSD����NP�RERVHVWH�VL�VH�vQWRDUFH������'RXD�EORQGH�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�SDGXUH��8QD�VH�XLWD�SH�MRV�VL�]LFH��,D�SULYHVWH��XUPH�GH�FHUE��$VWHD�VXQW�XUPH�GH�OXS��]LFH�FHDODOWD����ÌQ�QLFL�XQ�FD]��DVWHD�VXQW�FX�VLJXUDQWD�XUPH�GH�FHUE�7RW�GLVFXWkQG�DVD�WLPS�GH�R�RUD��FHOH�GRXD�EORQGH�DX�IRVW�FDOFDWH�GH�WUHQ������'RXD�EORQGH�PHUJ�FX�PDVLQD�SH�PDOXO�XQXL�FDQDO��ÌQWU�R�EDUFD�FX�YkVOH��SH�FDQDO��R�DOWD�EORQGD�YkVOHVWH��=LFH�XQD�GLQPDVLQD��8LWH��DVWHD�VXQW�EORQGHOH�FDUH�QH�IDF�GH�UkVXO�OXPLL��'D�VWLX��]LFH�FHDODOWD��$FXPD�GDFD�DV�VWLL�VD�vQRW��P�DV�GXFH�OD�HD�VL�DV�vQHFD�R�������6RWXO�FDWUH�EORQGD��'DFD�DL�VWLL�VD�JDWHVWL�FD�OXPHD�DP�SXWHD�VD�QH�OLSVLP�GH�PHQDMHUD�/D�FDUH�EORQGD��'DFD�DL�VWLL�VD�IX L�FD�OXPHD�QH�DP�SXWH�OLSVL�GH�JUDGLQDU��GH�SRVWDV�VL�GH�VRIHU������8Q�VWXGLX�D�GHPRQVWUDW�FD�EORQGHOH�VXQW�IRDUWH�DYLGH�GH�VH[�8,WD�FkQG�DX�IDFXW�XOWLPD�RDUD�VH[�LPHGLDW�GXSD���

Page 396: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���'XSD�FkWHYD�RUH�GH�VH[�FX�R�EORQGD��WLSXOXL�L�VH�IDFH�IRDPH�VL�VH�GXFH�OD�IULJLGHU��7RFPDL�EHD�FX�VHWH�GLQ�VWLFOD�GH�ODSWHFkQG�EORQGD�LQWUD�VL�HD�vQ�EXFDWDULH�H[FODPkQG��$KD��DFXPD�VWLX��0�DP�WRW�vQWUHEDW�SkQD�DFXPD�FXP�VH�XPSOH�OD�ORF������2�EORQGD�VL�R�EUXQHWD�VDU�FX�SDUDVXWD�� ÌQ�FDGHUH� OLEHUD�EUXQHWD� WUDJH�GH� VQXUXO�SDUDVXWHL� VL� QX� VH� vQWkPSOD�QLPLF��0DLWUDJH�RGDWD�VL�WRW�QLPLF��%ORQGD�VH�XLWD�OD�HD��vVL�VFRDWH�SDUDVXWD�HL�VL�R�DUXQFD�]LFkQG��9UHL�FRQFXUV"��DWXQFL�KDL�������6L�FXP�YD�GHVFXUFDWL�SH�PDVLQD�GH�VFULV"��vQWUHDED�VHIXO�VHFUHWDUD�EORQGD��1X�VWLX��3H�PDVLQD�GH�VFULV�Q�DP�vQFHUFDW�vQFD������2�EORQGD�FX�XQ�WLS�vQ�SDW�GXSD�VH[��(O�R�vQWUHDED��,D�VSXQH�PL��VXQW�SULPXO�EDUEDW�FX�FDUH�WH�DL�FXOFDW"(D�VH�JkQGHVWH�R�FOLSD�VL�]LFH��'D��vPL�SDUHDL�FXQRVFXW��SDUFD�vPL�DPLQWHVF�DFXP�GH�WLQH�������%ORQGD��SURDVSDW� FDVDWRULWD�� vVL� GRUHVWH� R� IDPLOLH� QXPHURDVD�� $VWD� QX� SUHD� vL� UHXVHVWH� VL� VH� GXFH�SHQWUX� SULPD�RDUD� ODJLQHFRORJ��$FHVWD�vL�VSXQH��,D�VD�YHGHP��9D�URJ�GH]EUDFDWL�YD�VL�DVH]DWL�YD�SH�VFDXQ��%LQH��GRPQXOH�GRFWRU��]LFH�HD��GDU�HX�GH�IDSW��YURLDP�VD�IDF�FRSLOXO�FX�VRWXO�PHDX������6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRL�UHFKLQL��,HUL�DP�vQJKLWLW�XQ�ROWHDQ��7UHL�]LOH�DP�PDL�SXWLW�D�SUD]�/D�FDUH�FHODODOW��(X�DP�vQJKLWLW�DFXP�FkWHYD�]LOH�R�EORQGD��$YHD�FDSXO�DVD�GH�JRO�FD�WUHL�]LOH�QX�P�DP�PDL�SXWXW�VFXIXQGD�������%XFXUHVWL�*DUD�GH�1RUG��7UHQXO�GH�&RQVWDQWD�SOHDFD�OD�RUD���VL����GH�PLQXWH��7UHQXO�GH�&RQVWDQWD�SOHDFD�OD�RUD���VL����GH�PLQXWH�%ORQGD�vVL�SULYHVWH�FHDVXO�HOHFWURQLF�GH�SH�PkQD��&RODF���VFDXQHO���FRODF��&RODF���VFDXQHO���FRODF�������'RXD�EORQGH�VWDX�SH�XQ�SRG�VL�SULYHVF�vQ�MRV��=LFH�XQD��&H�R�IL�DVWD"�'XQDUHD"�6DX�SRDWH�2OWXO"�6WLL�FH�PD�GXF�VD�YDG�6H�SULQGH�DVWD�FX�GHJHWHOH�GH�QDV�VL�VDUH�GH�SH�SRG��&HDODOWD�VWULJD�vQ�XUPD�HL��(L�FH�H"�$XWRVWUDGD�%XFXUHVWL���&RQVWDQWD��VH�DXGH�GLQWUH�IUkQH�VL�VFUkVQLW�GH�URWL�GH�PDVLQL������2�EORQGD�R�vQWUHDED�SH�DOWD��6SXQH�PL�FXP�VH�VFULH�DFXP��GH�FkQG�FX�QRLOH�UHJXOL�JUDPDWLFDOH��YH]L�VvQW�VXQW�HWF����FXYkQWXO��DSD�"����$SD"�&D�VL�SkQD�DFXP����'HFL�$��&��8��0�"���2�EORQGD�QX�D�PDL�GDW�SH�DFDVD�GH�GRXD�]LOH��'XSD�FH�YLQH�OD�SDULQWL��FX�KDLQHOH�WRDWH�UXSWH��VL�]JkUkLDWD�WDW�VX�R�vQWUHDED��8QGH�DL�IRVW��1H�DP�IDFXW�DWkWHD�JULML��7DWD��]LFH�HD��DP�IRVW�YLRODWD�EUXWDO�WLPS�GH�WUHL�]LOH����%LQH��GDU�WX�DL�OLSVLW�GH�DFDVD�GRDU�GRXD�]LOH�"�'D��GDU�D]L�GXSD�SUkQ]�WUHEXLH�VD�PD�vQWRUF�DFROR������2�EORQGD�PHUJH�FX�XQ�SXUFHOXV�VXE�EUDW�SH�VWUDGD��8Q�WUHFDWRU�vQWUHDED��2�FH�DYHWL�DLFL"/D�FDUH�SXUFHOXVXO��$P�FkVWLJDW�R�OD�/272������2�EORQGD�vL�SRYHVWHVWH�SULHWHQHL�VDOH��,HUL�VHDUD�D�YHQLW�VHIXO�PHX�OD�PLQH�DFDVD��vQ�YL]LWD��VL�P�D�YLRODW��6L�WX��WX�QX�WH�DL�DSDUDW"�1�DP�SXWXW��1X�PL�VH�XVFDVH�vQFD�RMD�GH�SH�XQJKLL������2�EORQGD�OD�EDU�L�VH�DGUHVHD]D�WkQDUXOXL�DUDWRV�FDUH�VWD�OkQJD�HD��&KLDU�FUHGHWL�FD�DV�YUHD��OD�FLQFL�PLQXWH�GXSD�FH�QH�DP�FXQRVFXW��VD�PD�FXOF�FX�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"

Page 397: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�'D��]LFH�WkQDUXO��'XPQH]HXOH��7UHEXLH�FD�SXWHWL�FLWL�JkQGXULOH�������2�EORQGD�UDPkQH��FD�VD�YH]L��D�GRXD�RDUD�JUDYLGD�VL�YLQH�OD�VRWXO�HL�VL�vO�vQWUHDED��'UDJD��DFXP�WUHEXLH�VD�QH�FDVDWRULP�GLQ�QRX"���2�EORQGD�ILHUEH�RXD�SHQWUX�PLFXO�GHMXQ��6RWXO�R�vQWUHDED��'H�FH�GUDFXV�RXDOH�DVWHD�DVD�GH�WDUL"�&kW�OH�DL�ILHUW"�3DL�����GH�PLQXWH��'H�FH���"�2XDOH�VH�FRF���PLQXWH"�3DL��HUDX���RXD�������'H�FH�VH�PXWD�EORQGHOH�OD�/�$���/RV�$QJHOHV�5�"5�(�PDL�VLPSOX�GH�VSXV�SH�OLWHUH����0DL�VLPSOX�FD�FH"������8Q�EDUEDW�URDJD�R�EORQGD�VD�YDGD�GDFD�vL�PHUJH�VHPQDOL]DUHD�GH�OD�PDVLQD�$FHDVWD�VH�DSOHDFD�SH�DULSD�PDVLQLL�VL�]LFH��'D����QX����GD����QX�������%ORQGD�OD�WULEXQDO��-XGHFDWRUXO�vQWUHDED��$FX]DWD�GH�FH�DWL�IXUDW�VDSXQXO�GLQ�PDJD]LQ"�)LLQGFD�vPL�PHUJHD�DVD�GH�PL]HUDELO��������2�EORQGD�IDFH�UHFODPDWLH�OD�SROLWLH�FD�WRDWD�QRDSWHD�D�IRVW�YLRODWD�VL�GLPLQHDWD�V�D�WUH]LW�SOLQD�GH�VXGRUL�$�GRXD�]L��VXGRULL�DX�UHFXQRVFXW�IDSWD�ORU�����2�EORQGD�YLQH�DFDVD�VL�JDVHVWH����EDUEDWL�vQ�GRUPLWRU��2IWHD]D��6XQW�DVD�RERVLWD�EDLHWL��'RL�GLQWUH�YRL�WUHEXLH�VD�SOHFH��������2�EORQGD�VH�SOLPED�SH�VWUDGD�FX�EOX]D�GHVIDFXWD�VL�FX�XQ�VkQ�DIDUD��8Q�SROLWLVW�VH�DSURSLH�GH�HD�VL�vL�]LFH��'RDPQD��FUHG�FD�WUHEXLH�VD�YD�DPHQGH]�SHQWUX�LQGHFHQWD�vQ�SXEOLF��'H�FH"�3HQWUX�FD�XPEODWL�SH�VWUDGD�FX�XQ�VkQ�VFRV�GLQ�VXWLHQ�(D�SULYHVWH�vQVSUH�VkQ�VL�]LFH��/D�GUDFX��,DU�DP�XLWDW�FRSLOXO�vQ�DXWREX]��������2�EORQGD�R�QHJUHVD� VL� R� EUXQHWD� FDODWRUHVF� OD� QHJUX� FX� YDSRUXO� DVFXQVH� vQ� FDOD�� 3D]QLFXO� FRQWUROHD]D� FDOD� YDSRUXOXLvQDLQWH�GH�SOHFDUH�VL�FHOH�WUHL�VH�DVFXQG�vQ�VDFLL�GLQ�vQFDSHUH��&X�FkWH�XQ�VXW�PDULQDUXO�FRQWUROHD]D�VDFLL�GH�SH�MRV��1HJUHVDVWULJD�GLQ�VDF��0LDX��PLDX�2PXO�SOHDFD�PDL�GHSDUWH��%UXQHWD��+DP��KDP��KDP�0DULQDUXO�WUHFH�PDL�vQFROR��$MXQJH�OD�EORQGD�VL�GXSD�VXWXO�GH�ULJRDUH�DXGH��&DUWRIL��FDUWRIL�����2�EORQGD�OD�DOLPHQWDUD��'LQWU�R�GDWD�vL�VXQD�FHOXODUXO��%ORQGD�UDVSXQGH��$OR��0DPD��GH�XQGH�DL�VWLXW�FD�HUDP�OD�DOLPHQWDUD"�����6H�vQWkOQHVF�R�EORQGD�VL�R�EUXQHWD��=LFH�EORQGD��&H�]LFL�GH�SDODULD�PHD�QRXD�GH�SDLH"%UXQHWD��([FHOHQWD��3DUFD�WL�DU�IL�FUHVFXW�GLQ�FDS���������8QHL� EORQGH� WRFPDL� FDVDWRULWH� L� VH� SUH]LQWD� GH� FDWUH� VRWXO� HL� ORFXLQWD� IDFkQGX�L� VH� WRWRGDWD� VL� R� PLFD� LQVWUXFWLH�� 3HFRULGRU��'UDJD��XLWH�SDSXFLL�PHL�WUHEXLH�VD�VWHD�DFROR�OD�RUD�������LQGLIHUHQW�GDFD�VXQW�DFDVD�VDX�QX�/D�EXFDWDULH��8LWH�DLFL�DUDJD]XO��/D�RUD�������YHL�JDWL�LQGLIHUHQW�GDFD�VXQW�DFDVD�VDX�QX�/D�GRUPLWRU��8LWH�GUDJD�DLFL�H�SDWXO����/D�FDUH�HD�

Page 398: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�$LFL�GUDJD�OD�RUD�������VH�YD�IX H�LQGLIHUHQW�GDFD�HVWL�DFDVD�VDX�QX���������'RXD�EUXQHWH�PHUJ�SH�VWUDGD�VL�vQ�VSDWHOH�ORU�R�EORQGD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YDG�R�PRQHGD�GH�����GH�OHL��=LFH�XQD��,D�XLWH�����GH�OHL��,D�L�SRDWH�SRWL�VD�GDL�XQ�WHOHIRQ�FX�HL��1X�PXOWXPHVF�HX�DP�FDUWHOD�WHOHIRQLFD��,D�L�WX��1X�PXOWXPHVF�HX�DP�FHOXODU�6L�SOHDFD�DVWHD�PDL�GHSDUWH��9LQH�EORQGD�VH�DSOHDFD�LD�PRQHGD�R�GXFH�OD�XUHFKH�VL�]LFH��$OR��0DPD"�������2�EUXQHWD�IDFH�R�JUDPDGD�GH�HFRQRPLL�VD�VL�LD�R�'DFLH�VL�VD�R�SODWHDVFD�EDU��&kQG�VD�R�FXPSHUH�YkQ]DWRUXO�vL�VSXQH�FD�vLOLSVHVF�����GH�OHL��,HVH�HD�UHSHGH�DIDUD�VL�YHGH�R�EORQGD��6H�GXFH�OD�HD�VL�vL�]LFH��$V�YUHD�VD�FXPSDU�R�'DFLH�VL�vPL�OLSVHVF�����GH�OHL��$WL�SXWHD�VD�vPL�vPSUXPXWDWL�EDQLL�DVWLD�/D�FDUH�EORQGD�FDXWD�vQ�SRVHWD�VL�vL�GD�����]LFkQG��8LWH�����GDU�LD�PL�VL�PLH�XQD��������&LQH�ULGLFD�SULPXO�EDQFQRWD�GH��������GH�OHL�GH�SH�VWUDGD��0RV�&UDFLXQ��R�EORQGD�GHVWHDSWD�VDX�R�EORQGD�SURDVWD"�1LFLFDUH���3ULPHOH�GRXD�VXQW�SHUVRQDMH�LPDJLQDUH�LDU�EORQGD�SURDVWD�FUHGH�FD�EDQFQRWD�H�R�JXPD�GH�PHVWHFDW�FDOFDWD�������2�EORQGD�VH�SOLPED�SULQ�SDGXUH�FkQG�GHRGDWD�vL�DSDUH�vQ�IDWD�R�]kQD�VL�vL�]LFH��$]L�H�]LXD�WD�FX�QRURF��(X�VXQW�]kQD�FHD�EXQD�VL�DL�R�GRULQWD�FDUH�WL�R�YRL�vQGHSOLQL�%ORQGD�VH�JkQGHVWH�FH�VH�JkQGHVWH�VL�]LFH��ÌQ�OXPH�GRPQHVWH�vQ�DWkWHD�ORFXUL�UD]ERLXO��ÌPL�GRUHVF�FD�WRWL�RDPHQLL��QHJULL�DOEL�URVL��JDOEHQL�LQGLIHUHQW�GH�QDWLRQDOLWDWH�VLUHOLJLH�VD�WUDLDVFD�vQ�SDFD�VL�OLQLVWH�=kQD�vQWLQGH�R�KDUWD�D�OXPLL�vVL�QRWHD]D�WRDWH�]RQHOH�vQ�FDUH�VXQW�UD]ERDLH��RIWHD]D�VL�]LFH��6WLL�HX�QX�VXQW�R�]kQD�DWRWSXWHUQLFD�FL�XQD�PDL�PLFD��3XWHUHD�PHD�QX�H�QHOLPLWDWD��1X�DL�DYHD�R�DOWD�GRULQWD�PDL�VLPSOX�GHvQGHSOLQLW"%ORQGD�VH�PDL�JkQGHVWH�VL�]LFH��3DL�GDFD�DVWD�QX�PHUJH�DWXQFL�DV�YUHD�VD�vPL�LDX�EDFDODXUHDWXO�=kQD�vVL�vQFUHWHVWH�IUXQWHD�VL�]LFH��+DL�VD�QH�PDL�XLWDP�WRWXVL�XQ�SLF�SH�KDUWD�DLD�D�OXPLL����&H�IDF�IHPHLOH��GXSD�FH�DX�IDFXW�GUDJRVWH"6RWLD���7H�GHUDQMHD]D3URVWLWXDWD���6H�vQWRDUFH�SH�VWUDGD�VDX�QXPDUD�EDQLL1LPIRPDQD���6H�SUHJDWHVWH�SHQWUX�XUPDWRUXO6DWLVIDFXWD���6H�PLUD6DWLVIDFXWD�SXWLQ���9LVHD]D1HVDWLVIDFXWD���6H�YDLFDUHVWH+RPRVH[XDOXO����&H�VD�FDXWH�DFROR�R�IHPHLH"�6DGR�PD]RFKLVWXO����6H�PDL�]EDWH�XQ�SLF�1HFURILOXO����1LPLF�)ULJLGD���&HHD�FH�IDFH�GLQDLQWH��'RDUPH�,QGLIHUHQWD���)XPHD]D([RWLFD����ÌQ�SDW"�'H�FH�WRFPDL�vQ�SDW"�*UXS����&DUH�GLQ�HOH"�6RPQRURVXO����'H�XQGH�VD�VWLX��(X�GHMD�GRUP��*UDELWXO����'H�XQGH�VD�VWLX��$P�SOHFDW�GHMD�DFDVD��$PDQWD���6H�JkQGHVWH�FH�VD�L�VSXQD�VRWXOXL�1HDWHQWD���,D�WDEOHWD3UXGHQWD���'D�MRV�SUH]HUYDWLYXO*KLQLRQLVWD���ÌVL�VFRDWH�SUH]HUYDWLYXO�%DQFXUL�FX�IHWLWH�VL�DGROHVFHQWH��)DWD�VH�vQWRDUFH�IRDUWH�WvU]LX�DFDVD��0DPD�R�DVWHDSWD�VL�vL�VSXQH��0DL��IDWR��QX�PL�D�SODFXW�GHORF�FXP�WH�D�VDUXWDW�,RQXW��1LFL�PLH��PDPD��GDU�DVWD�HVWH��vQFD�QX�DUH�DWvWD�H[SHULHQWD���

Page 399: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

��$GROHVFHQWD�WDWLFXOXL��7LSXO�SH�FDUH�WRFPDL�O�DL�DUXQFDW�SH�XVD�DIDUD��SH�PRWLY�FD�HX�VXQW�SUHD�PLFD�SHQWUX�XQ�SULHWHQ��HVWH�ILXO�VHIXOXL�WDX�������0DPD��GDFD�R�VD�ILX�R�IDWD�FXPLQWH�FvQG�R�VD�ILX�PDUH��R�VD�DP�VL�HX�XQ�VRW"�'D��IHWLWD�PHD��6L�GDFD�QX�R�VD�ILX�R�IDWD�FXPLQWH"�$WXQFL�R�VD�DL�PDL�PXOWL�����9DULDQWD�2�IHWLWD�LVL�YHGH�WDWDO�LHVLQG�JRO�SXVFD�GH�OD�EDLH�VL�FRQWUDULDWD�VH�GXFH�VD�R�vQWUHEH�SH�PDPD�VD��0DPL��VSXQH�PL�FkQG�YRL�IL�PDUH�R�VD�DP�VL�HX�R�FRDGD�vQWUH�SLFLRDUH��DVD�FXP�DUH�WDWD"�'D�IDWD�PHD��vL�UDVSXQGH�PDPD��GDFD�R�VD�ILL�FXPLQWH��R�VD�DL�VL�WX�XQD�OD�IHO��'DFD�QX�R�VD�ILL�FXPLQWH��R�VD�DL�PDL�PXOWH�������3DULQWLL�PHL�DX�vQQHEXQLW��VSXQH�R�SXVWLRDLFD�GH����DQL�SULHWHQHL�VDOH��'LQWU�R�GDWD�OH�SODFH�FXP�PD�vPEUDF��FXP�PD�SRUWPL�DX�GDW�YRLD�VD�PD�WDWXH]�VL�GH�DWXQFL�YLDWD�QX�PDL�DUH�QLFL�R�DWUDFWLH�SHQWUX�PLQH�����2�IHWLWD�LQWUD�OD�PDPD�VD�vQ�EXFDWULH��0DPD��PDPD��SRVWDVXO����/D�FDUH�PDPD��'DU��GUDJD�PDPLL��ODVD�O���6L�IHWLWD��0DPD��OD�DP�ODVDW�GHMD��GDU�HO�PDL�YUHD�RGDWD�����/D�PDJD]LQ�R�SXVWRDLFD�vQWUHDED��3RW�VD�VFKLPE�KDLQHOH�FXPSDUDWH�VL�vQ�FD]XO�vQ�FDUH�HOH�SODF�SDULQWLORU"�����2�IHWLWD�REVHUYD�OD�VWUDQG�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�HD�VL�XQ�EDLHWHO��6H�GXFH�vQWU�XQ�VXIOHW�OD�PDPD�HL�VL�vQWUHDED��0DPD��'H�FH�QX�DP�VL�HX�DVD�FHYD�vQWUH�SLFLRDUH"�5DEGDUH��FRSLOXO�PHX��UDEGDUH������0DPLFR��GH�FH�SRDUWD�PLUHVHOH�URFKLL�DOEH�"�)LLQGFD�H[SULPD�EXFXULD��$WXQFL��PLUHOH�GH�FH�L�vPEUDFDW�vQ�QHJUX�"���0DPD�L�VH�DGUHVHD]D�ILLFHL�VDOH�GH����DQL��9UHDX�VD�GLVFXW�FX�WLQH�GHVSUH�SUREOHPHOH�VH[XDOH��%LQH�PDPD��FH�YUHL�VD�VWLL"���8Q�EDLDW�VL�R�IDWD�VH�MRDFD�GH�D�Y�DWL�DVFXQVHOHD��)DWD�H[SOLFD�UHJXOLOH���7X�WH�SXL��(X�PD�YRL�DVFXQGH��'DFD�PD�JDVHVWL�vQ����PLQXWH��SRWL�VD�PD�WLL�GH�PkQD��'DFD�PD�JDVHVWL�vQ����PLQXWH��SRWL�VDPD�VDUXWL��'DFD�PD�JDVHVWL�LPHGLDW��SRWL�VD�IDFL�FH�YUHL�FX�PLQH��$FXP�SXQH�WH��HX�PD�YRL�DVFXQGH�GXSD�IULJLGHU����2�IHWLWD�GH�YUHR���DQLVRUL�FX�PDPLFD�HL�PLVWR�WDUH�IDFHDX�SODMD��$ODWXUL�VWDWHD�XQ�QHQH��)HWLWD�FDWUH�PD�VD��0DPD��FH�DVFXQGH�QHQHD�DOD�vQ�VOLS"�$LD�H�ERJDWLD�OXL��0DPD��GD�XLWH�FH�VH�vPERJDWHVWH�FkQG�VH�XLWD�OD�WLQH«���8Q�SHGRILO�VH�GXFH�OD�GRXD�IHWLWH�VL�vL�]LFH�XQHLD��'DFD�WL�GDX�R�ERPERDQD�PD�ODVL�VD�WL�SXQ�PkQD�DFROR")HWLWD�VWD�SXWLQ��VH�JkQGHVWH�VL�DFFHSWD��3HGRILOXO�SXQH�PkQD��vL�SODFH�FH�VLPWH�VL�LDU�R�vQWUHDED��'DFD�PDL�GDX�R�ERPERDQD�PD�ODVL�VD�WL�PDL�SXQ�R�GDWD�PkQD�DFROR",DU�H�GH�DFRUG�IHWLWD��SHGRILOXOXL�LDU�vL�SODFH�VL�LDU�R�vQWUHDED��6L�WRW�DVD�PD�URJ�ERPERDQH��FKHVWLL����3kQD�FkQG�IHWLWD�vL�GD�XQFRW�FHOHLODOWH��+DL��KDL�VD�PHUJHP�F�R�VD�IDF�GLDEHW�SkQD�PD�IXWH�DVWD������2�PDPD�vVL�VXUSULQGH�IDWD�GH����DQL�FX�WLJDUD�vQ�JXUD��'HFkW�VD�IXPH]�R�WLJDUD�P�DV�ODVD�YLRODWD�GH����]GUDKRQL���]LFH�HD�VXSDUDWD��&LQH�Q�DU�IDFH�R�"�RIWHD]D�IDWD��YLVDWRDUH����2GDWD�R�IHPHLH�JUDYLGD��IDFHD�EDLH�FX�ILFD�HL�FDUH�DYHD���DQL��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�IHWLWD�R�vQWUHDED�SH�PDPD�HL��0DPD�FH�L�DLD�QHDJUD�vQWUH�SLFLRDUHOH�WDOH"/D�FDUH�PDPD�vL�UDVSXQGH�

Page 400: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�'UDJD�PHD��DLD�QHDJUD�vL�FkUSD�GH�VSDODW�'XSD�FkWYD�WLPS�GXSD�FH�IHPHLD�D�QDVFXW�DO�GRLOHD�FRSLO��D�WUHEXLW�VD�vVL�UDGD�SDUXO�SXELDQ�VD�QDVFD�PDL�XVRU��)DFkQG�EDLH�GLQQRX�FX�IHWLWD�HL�DFHDVWD�R�vQWUHDED��0DPD�XQGH�L�FkUSD�WD�FDUH�R�DYHDL�vQWUH�SLFLRDUH"6L�PDPD�vL�UDVSXQGH��'UDJD�PHD�DP�SLHUGXW�R��QX�VWLX�FH�DP�IDFXW�FX�HD�/D�FDUH�IHWLWD�vL�UDVSXQGH��0DPD�DP�XLWDW�VD�WL�VSXQ�FD�DP�YD]XW�EDEE\VLWWHU�PHX�FD�vO�VSDOD�SH�WDWD�SH�IDWD�FX�FkUSD�WD�FkW�WLPS�DL�IRVW�vQ�VSLWDO����2�IHWLWD�LQWUD�OD�PDPD�VD�vQ�EXFDWDULH��0DPD��PDPD��SRVWDVXO����/D�FDUH�PDPD��'DU��GUDJD�PDPLL��ODVD�O���6L�IHWLWD��0DPD��OD�DP�ODVDW�GHMD��GDU�HO�PDL�YUHD�RGDWD������2�IHWLWD�vVL�vQWUHDED�PDPD��0DPD��PDPD��GH�XQGH�YLQ�FRSLL"�ÌL�DGXFH�EDU]D��6L�FLQH�IX H�EHU]H"������2�IHWLWD�YHGH�SH�VWUDGD�XQ�FDWHO�FDUH�WRFPDL�IX HD�R�FDWHOXVD�VL�vO�vQWUHDED�SH�WDWDO�VDX�FH�IDF��7DWDO��MHQDW��vL�UDVSXQGH��&DWHOXVD�QX�YUHD�VD�VH�GXFD�DFDVD�VL�FvLQHOH�vQFHDUFD�VD�R�GXFD�HO�DFDVD��(�FD�LHUL�FX�PDPD��QRURF�FD�VH�WLQHD�ELQH�GH�FKLXYHWD��DOWIHO�SRVWDVXO�R�GXFHD�vQ�PRG�VLJXU�OD�SRVWD����&LFD�PDVD�vL�]LFH�ILLFHL�FDUH�D�vPSOLQLW����DQL�FHYD�GH�JHQX��)LLFD�PHD��DFXP�HVWL�VL�WX�PDUH��WUHEH�VD�GLVFXWDP�GHVSUH�VH[��'D�PDPD��FH�YUHL�VD�VWLL"����0DPLFR��YUHDX�VD�WH�URJ�FHYD��&H�H��IHWLWD�PHD"�ÌPL�GRUHVF�IRDUWH�PXOW�XQ�IUDWLRU��QX�DP�FX�FLQH�VD�PD�MRF��%LQH��R�VD�YRUEHVF�FX�WDWLFXO��GDU�QX�VWLX�GDFD�R�VD�DFFHSWH��XQ�FRSLO�FRVWD�IRDUWH�VFXPS�vQ�]LXD�GH�D]L��0DFDU�XQXO�PLFXW��PLF�GH�WRW�VL�VODEXW��SRDWH�H�PDL�LHIWLQ����0DPD�FDWUH�IDWD�HL��)HWLWD�PHD��GH�FH�QX�VWDL�vQ�EUDWHOH�WDWDOXL�WDX"�1X�VH�SRDWH��DFHOD�HVWH�ORFXO�PHQDMHUHL�����0DULD��9LL�DIDUD�VD�QH�MXFDP"�1X�vQFD��0DL�DP�GH�H[HUVDW�OD�SLDQ��WUHEXLH�VD�WHUPLQ�H[HUFLWLLOH�OD�HQJOH]D�VL�VD�IDF�RUGLQH�vQ�FDPHUD��$VD�FD�PDL�DVWHDSWD�PD�vQFD�]HFH�PLQXWH����'RXD�IHWLWH�OD�GXV��=LFH�XQD��+HL�PDLPXWD�WD�DUH�GHMD�SDU��(L�VL�"�6L�PDQkQFD�GHMD�VL�EDQDQH������0DPD�vVL�vQYDWD�ILLFD���1X�PL�SDVD��SXWHWL�VD�PHUJHWL�vQ�FDPHUD�WD�FX�SULHWHQXO�WDX�FvW�WLPS�QH�XLWDP�OD�WHOHYL]RU�vQ�VXIUDJHULH��'DU�GDFD�IDFH�FHYDFH�QX�L�SHUPLV�VD�QH�GDL�GH�YHVWH��'DU��PDPD��FXP�"�)LL�IRDUWH�DWHQWD����'DFD�YUHD�VD�WH�VDUXWH�VWULJL��SHUH��'DFD�YUHD�VD�WH�SULQGD�GH�VkQL�VD�VWULJL��PHUH���'DFD�vVL�SXQH�PvLQLOHPDL�MRV��DWXQFL�VD�VWULJL����SLHUVLFL���6H�vQFKLG�WLQHULL�vQ�FDPHUD�IHWHL�LDU�SDULQWLL�VH�XLWD�OD�WHOHYL]RU��'LQWU�R�GDWD��VH�DXGH�R�YRFH�VWULJvQG��6DODWD�GH�IUXFWH��6DODWD�GH�IUXFWH�������8Q�EDLDW�VL�R�IDWD�VH�MRDFD�GH�D�Y�DWL�DVFXQVHOHD���)DWD�H[SOLFD�UHJXOLOH���7X�WH�SXL��(X�PD�YRL�DVFXQGH��'DFD�PD�JDVHVWL�LQ����PLQXWH�SRWL�VD�PD�WLL�GH�PkQD��GDFD�PD�JDVHVWL�vQ����PLQXWH�SRWL�VD�PDVDUXWL��GDFD�PD�JDVHVWL�LPHGLDW�SRWL�VD�IDFL�FH�YUHL�FX�PLQH��$FXP�SXQH�WH��HX�PD�YRL�DVFXQGH�GXSD�IULJLGHU����)HWLWD�LHVH�GLQ�EDLH�SOkQJkQG�DPDUQLF��&H�DL��IHWLWR"�R�vQWUHDED�PDPD�HL��)UDWLL�PHL�VH�MRDFD�vQ�FDGD�GH�D�VXEPDULQHOH�VL�SH�PLQH�P�DX�GDW�DIDUD��]LFkQG�FD�HX�QX�DP�SHULVFRS�

Page 401: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���2�PDPLFD�vL�WRW�VSXQHD�IHWLWHL��FDUH�VH�GH]YROWDVH�ELQLVRU���6D�QX�ODVL�YUHXQ�EDLDW�VD�WL�GHD�FKLORWHL�MRV�FD�]ERDUD�SDVDULFD�'XSD�XQ�WLPS�FkQG�PDPD�vL�WLQH��OHFWLD��UHVSHFWLYD�IHWLWD�vL�UDVSXQGH��1X�PD�]ERDUD�PDPD�VWDL�OQLVWLWD��,D�EDWXW�,RQHO�XQ�FXL������)HWLWD��HOHYD�GH�OLFHX��YLQH�DFDVD�FDP�VWLQJKHUD��7DWDO�HL�R�vQWUHDED��&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW��GUDJD"�9HQLQG�GH�OD�VFRDOD��XQ�QHQH�PL�D�]LV�FD�GDFD�L�VXJ�SX D�vPL�GD��XLWH��FHUFHLL�DVWLD������9LQH�IHWLWD�OD�WDWDO�HL��7DWD��HX�FX�SULHWHQXO�PHX��SXWHP�IRORVL�PDVLQD"�'D��GDU�QX�DUH�EHQ]LQD��1X�L�QLPLF��VL�DVD�QX�LHVLP�GLQ�JDUDM�*KLG�GH�FRQYHUVDWLH�VRW�VRWLH'XSD�FXP�VWLH�ILHFDUH��H[LVWD�GLQWRWGHDXQD�vQWUH�VRWL�SUREOHPH�GH�FRPXQLFDUH�3HQWUX�D�UH]ROYD�DVWIHO�GH�SUREOHPH�D�IRVW�VFULV�DFHVW�JKLG�GH�FRQYHUVDWLH�FDUH�SRDWH�IL��GH�EXQDVHDPD��H[WLQV�&kQG�VRWLD�]LFH�XUPDWRDUHOH��HD�YUHD�VD�]LFD�'D�����1X1X�����'D3RDWH��������1XÌPL�SDUH�UDX������ÌWL�YD�SDUHD�UDX�1H�DU�WUHEXL�����(X�YUHDX)D�FXP�YUHL������3HQWUX�DVWD�R�VD�PL�SODWHVWL�FX�YkUI�VL�vQGHVDW�+RWDUDVWH�WX�����+RWDUkUHD�FHD�EXQD�HVWH�GH�IDSW�GHMD�FODUD7UHEXLH�VD�YRUELP�����,DU�WUHEXLH�VD�WH�FULWLF7UHEXLH�VD�vQYHWL�VD�FRPXQLFL�����7UHEXLH�GRDU�VD�ILL�GH�SDUHUHD�PHD%LQHvQWHOHV��ID�FXP�YUHL�����1X�YUHDX�VXE�QLFL�R�IRUPD�VD�IDFL�DVWD1X�VXQW�IXULRDVD������%LQHvQWHOHV�VXQW�IXULRDVD��ERXOH�(VWL�DVD�GH�YLULO�����$U�IL�FD]XO�VD�WH�EDUELHUHVWL$]L�HVWL�GH�D�GUHSWXO�GUDJXW�FX�PLQH�����7H�JkQGHVW�QXPDL�OD�VH[6WLQJH�OXPLQD�����$P�FHOXOLWD%XFDWDULD�QRDVWUD�H�DVD�GH�VWUkPWD�����9UHDX�XQ�DSDUWDPHQW�QRX$V�YUHD�QLVWH�SHUGHOH�QRL�����$V�YUHD�QLVWH�SHUGHOH��FRYRDUH��PRELOD�VL�WDSHWH�QRL�$P�DX]LW�XQ�]JRPRW�����0L�DP�GDW�VHDPD�FD�GHMD�GRUPL0D�LXEHVWL"�����9UHDX�XQ�FROLHU�GH�SHUOH&kW�GH�WDUH�PD�LXEHVWL"�����$P�IDFXW�FHYD�FDUH�WLH�QX�WL�SODFH�1X�L�QLPLF�����,GLRWXOH8Q�PLF�JKLG�LQWHUQ�DO�YRFDEXODUXOXL�PDVFXOLORU���7H�DP�PDL�YD]XW�FXPYD"�&H�FXU�PLVWR�������6XQW�R�ILUH�URPDQWLFD��6XQW�VDUDF�OLSLW����$P�QHYRLH�GH�WLQH��0D�GRDUH�vQFKHLHWXUD�PkLQLL����(X�VXQW�DOWIHO�GHFkW�FHLODOWL�EDUEDWL��6XQ�vQFD�YLUJLQ����$P�QHYRLH�GH�XQ�DPLF�EXQ�

Page 402: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�0�DP�VDWXUDW�GH�ODED��PDVWXUEDW�����7X�HVWL�VLQJXUD�IDWD�GH�FDUH�vPL�SDVD��(VWL�VLQJXUD�FDUH�QX�P�D�UHVSLQV����$V�YUHD�VD�WH�FXQRVF�PDL�ELQH��2�VD�OH�SRYHVWHVF�SULHWHQLORU�GH�DVWD����(�GRDU�XQ�VXF�GH�SRUWRFDOH��vQFHDUFD�O��ÌQFD�WUHL�UkQGXUL�VL�R�VD�ILH�FX�SLFLRDUHOH�GXSD�JkWXO�PHX����$UDWD�DVD�GH�ELQH��$V�IX H�R�SkQD�vPL�WRFHVF�SX D�����1X�VWLX�GDFD�vL�SODF��1X�PD�ODVD�VD�L�R�SXQ�����ÌPL�OLSVHVWL�DVD�GH�PXOW��6XQW�DVD�GH�QHIX XW�vQFkW�PD�WHQWHD]D�FROHJXO�PHX�GH�FDPHUD�����7L�D�SODFXW"�1X�VXQW�VLJXU�FkW�VXQW�GHEXQ�vQ�SDW�����&XP�VXQW�IDWD�GH�FHLODOWL�SULHWHQL�FDUH�L�DL�DYXW"�$P�RDUH�SHQLVXO�FKLDU�DWkW�GH�PLF�������$�IRVW�PLQXQDW�D]L�QRDSWH��&LQH�GUDFX�PDL�HVWL�VL�WX�����0D�LXEHVWL"�$P�IDFXW�R�WkPSHQLH�VL�V�DU�SXWHD�VD�DIOL�GH�HD�����0D�LXEHVWL�FX�DGHYDUDW"�$P�IDFXW�R�PDUH�WkPSHQLH�VL�V�DU�SXWHD�VD�DIOL�GH�HD�����&kW�PD�LXEHVWL�GH�PXOW"�$P�IDFXW�R�PDUH�WkPSHQLH�VL�FLQHYD�H�WRFPDL�SH�FDOH�VD�WH�LQIRUPH]H�GH�HD�����7UHEXLH�VD�vWL�VSXQ�FHYD��0DL�ELQH�vWL�]LF�HX�GH�WkPSHQLD�IDFXWD�����7H�YRL�VXQD��0DL�ELQH�PD�PkQFD�OXSLL�GHFkW�VD�WH�UHYDG�����0�DP�JkQGLW�PXOW��1X�PDL�HVWL�DVD�DWUDJDWRDUH�FD�DWXQFL�FkQG�DP�IRVW�EHDW�����&UHG�FD�DP�SXWHD�IL�SULHWHQL��(VWL�XUkWD�����$P�vQYDWDW�DWkWHD�GH�OD�WLQH��8UPDWRDUUHD�&kQG�VRWXO�]LFH�XUPDWRDUHOH��HO�YUHD�VD�]LFD0L�H�IRDPH�����0L�H�IRDPH6XQW�RERVLW�����6XQW�RERVLW&H�URFKLH�IUXPRDVD�����&H�WkWH�PLVWR&H�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FX�IDWD�WD�����,DU�PDVWLOH�DVWHD�FRVPHWLFH'D�vPL�SODFH�QRXD�WD�IUL]XUD�����ÌQDLQWH�vWL�VWDWHD�PDL�ELQH'D�vPL�SODFH�QRXD�WD�IUL]XUD�����2�JUDPDGD�GH�EDQL�OD�FRDIRU�VL�XLWH�FH�LHVH

Page 403: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

0HUJHP�OD�FLQHPD�����$V�YUHD�VD�SLSDL�FHYD7H�SRW�LQYLWD�OD�PDVD�����9UHDX�VD�IDFHP�VH[9UHL�VD�GDQVDP�����9UHDX�VD�IDFHP�VH[0D�SOLFWLVHVF�����9UHDX�VD�IDFHP�VH[7H�LXEHVF�����9UHDX�VD�IDFHP�VH[6L�HX�WH�LXEHVF�OD�IHO�GH�WDUH�����%LQH�DP�PDL�]LV�GHMD��YUHDX�VD�IDFHP�VH[&HO����GH�WLSXUL�GH�EDUEDWL�SH�FDUH�vL�vQWkOQHVWL�OD�SLVRDU��vQ�:&�XULOH�SXEOLFH����(;&,7$%,/8/���&KLORWLL�vPEUDFDWL�FX�IDWD�OD�VSDWH��QX�JDVHVWH�VOLWXO��vVL�UXSH�FKLORWLL�VDX�QDVWXULL�GH�OD�SDQWDORQL�����62&,$%,/8/���ÌVL�vQVRWHVWH�SULHWHQLL�OD�SLVRDU�FKLDU�GDFD�SH�HO�QX�vO�WUHFH�����6$6,8/���6H�XLWD�OD�SLVRDUXO�vQYHFLQDW�SHQWUX�D�YHGHD�GRWDUHD�YHFLQXOXL���� 7,0,'8/���1X�VH�SRDWH�SLVD�GDFD�VH�VLPWH�REVHUYDW��WUDJH�DSD�VL�YLQH�PDL�WkU]LX�vQDSRL�����,1',)(5(178/���7RDWH�SLVRDUHOH�ILLQG�RFXSDWH��VH�SLVD�vQ�FKLXYHWD�����,67(78/���)DUD�PkLQL��FUDYDWD�ELQH�DUDQMDWD��VH�XLWD�vPSUHMXU�VL�GH�RELFHL�VH�SLVD�SH�SRGHD�����683$5$78/���1HVLJXU�ILLQG�FDUH�H�SLVRDUXO�XQGH�V�D�SLVDW�XOWLPD�RDUD��IDFH�R�PLFD�LQVSHFWLH�vQDLQWH�����)5,92/8/���6H�MRDFD�FX�MHWXO��vQ�VXVXO��MRVXO�VL�vPSUHMXUXO�SLVRDUXOXL�vQFHUFkQG�VD�QLPHUHDVFD�R�PXVFD�VDX�DOWD�LQVHFWD�����$%6(178/���ÌVL�GHVFKLGH�YHVWD��VFRDWH�DIDUD�FUDYDWD��VH�SLVD�vQ�SDQWDORQL�����&23,/$5268/���6H�SLVD�SH�PDUJLQHD�SLVRDUXOXL��vL�SODFH�VD�YDGD�FXP�VWURSHVWH�����/$68/���6H�EHVHVWH�GLVFUHW�vQ�WLPS�FH�VH�SLVD��SDUH�LQRFHQW��VWLLQG�FD�YHFLQXO�GH�SLVRDU�YD�IL�PXVWUDW�GH�FHL�GLQ�MXU�����5$%'$7258/���6WD�IRDUWH�DSURDSH�GH�SLVRDU��DVWHSWkQG�vQGHOXQJ��FLWHVWH�]LDUXO�SH�FDUH�vO�WLQH�vQ�PkQD�OLEHUD�����',63(5$78/���$VWHDSWD�OD�FRDGD��vVL�VXJH�GLQWLL��VH�SLVD�SH�SDQWDORQL�����'858/����ÌVL�ORYHVWH�VFXOD�GH�PDUJLQHD�SLVRDUXOXL�SHQWUX�D�R�VFXWXUD�GH�XOWLPLL�VWURSL�����((),&,(178/���$VWHDSWD�SkQD�vL�YLQH�VL�VD�VH�FDFH��DSRL�OH�IDFH�SH�DPkQGRXD�����*5$6$18/���6H�GD�vQDSRL��DUXQFD�R�SULYLUH�OD�SLVRDU��VH�SLVD�SH�SDQWRIL�����0,7,7(/8/���6WD�SH�R�FXWLH��SLFD�vQ�SLVRDU�VL�VH�vQHDFD�����%(7,9$18/���ÌVL�WLQH�GHJHWXO�PDUH�DO�PkLQLL�GUHSWH�vQ�PkQD�VWkQJD��VH�SLVD�vQ�SDQWDORQL�����'(=$0$*,78/���6WD�SHQWUX�XQ�PRPHQW��UHQXQWD�VL�SOHDFD�����Ì1&5(=878/���ÌVL�WLQH�vQ�PkQD�VFXOD�GH��FP�FD�SH�R�EkWD�GH�EDVHEDO�����5$',&$/8/���,JQRUD�SLVRDUXO��6H�SLVD�SH�]LG�����208/�'(�67,,17$���6H�XLWD�vQ�WLPS�FH�VH�SLVD�SH�SRGHD�REVHUYkQG�EXOHOH�GH�DHU�����$'250,78/���6H�SLVD�GH�D�OXQJXO�SLFLRUXOXL� vQ�SDQWRI��SOHDFD�FX�VOLWXO�GHVIDFXW��VL�GXSD����PLQXWH� VH�DVHD]D�LDU� ODUkQG���� 35$&7,&���6H�SLVD�IDUD�D�VL�WLQH�VFXOD��vQ�WLPS�FH�vVL�UHIDFH�QRGXO�GH�OD�FUDYDWD���� 35292&$7,9���'HVFKLGH�FLQFL�QDVWXUL�GH�OD�VOLW��FX�WRDWH�FD�VL� WUHL�DU�DMXQJH��$QJHEHU�7\S�0DFKW� I�QI�.Q|SIH�DXI�ZHQQ�]ZHL�JHQ�JHQ�����/226(5���&DXWD�GHPRUDOL]DW�vQWUH�FDPDVD�VL�FKLORWL��DSRL�UHQXQWD�����6Æ5*8,1&,268/���ÌQFHDUFD�QXPDL�VD�VH�SLVH�����$/3,1,678/���6H�XUFD�SH�XVD�GH�OD�WRDOHWD�VL�VH�SLVD�GH�DFROR�����9,6$7258/���6H�SLVD�SH�FUDFXO�SDQWDORQLORU�VL�GXSD�FH�HVWH�JDWD�vVL�GHVIDFH�VOLWXO�����%2/1$9,&,268/���6H�SLVD�VkQJH�����&21)8=8/���6H�vQYkUWH�GH]RULHQWDW�vQ�WRDOHWD�SHQWUX�IHPHL�vQ�FDXWDUHD�SLVRDUHORU�����$&52%$78/���6H�SLVD�VWkQG�vQ�PkLQL�����(&21208/���6H�SLVD�vQ�SLVRDUXO�YHFLQXOXL�SHQWUX�D�HFRQRPLVL�DSD���� 35,(7(1268/���ÌVL�DMXWD�YHFLQXO�GH�SLVRDU�VD�VL�R�WLQD�VL�VD�VL�R�VFXWXUH�����*5$%,78/���6H�SLVD�VL�vVL�GD�VHDPD�GXSD�FH�D�SOHFDW�FD�QX�D�IRVW�vQFD�JDWD�%DQFXUL�FX�VRDFUH��Ì�&XP�V�D�QXPLW�VRDFUD�OXL�$GDP"5�$GDP�QX�D�DYXW�VRDFUD��(O�WUDLD�vQ�SDUDGLV���Ì�'H�FH�VH�vQJURDSD�VRDFUD�FX�FDSXO�vQ�MRV"5�3HQWUX�FD]XO�vQ�FDUH�FXPYD�vQYLH�VD�vQFHDSD�VD�VDSH�vQ�MRV�����Ì�&H�VH�QXPHVWH�DUWD�YLHWLL"5�6D�WH�FDVDWRUHVWL�FX�VRUD�UDSRVDWHL�VRWLL��$VWIHO�QX�WUHEXLH�VD�WH�RELVQXLHVWL�FX�VRDFUD�

Page 404: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���6WLWL�FDUH�H�DVHPDQDUHD�GLQWUH�R�VRDFUD�VL�R�EHUH"5�$PkQGRXD�IDF�VSXPH�OD�JXUD�VL�DPkQGRXD�VXQW�EXQH�UHFL����&DUH�VXQW�DVHPDQDULOH�GLQWUH�R�VRDFUD�VL�R�EHUH"5�$PkQGRXD�VXQW�FX�FDSVD�SXVD��DPkQGRXD�VXQW�EXQH�UHFL�SH�PDVD������&H�]LFH�%XOD�GXSD�FH�VL�D�FDOFDW�VRDFUD�FX�PDVLQD"5�1D��WH�DL�FDP�GHVXPIODW������&H�H�GH�YLQD�FD�VRDFUD�EDWH�OD�XVD�SLYQLWHL"5�/DQWXO�GH�OD�]JDUGD�H�SUHD�OXQJ������'H�FH�QX�L�ELQH�VD�WL�EDWL�VRDFUD�FX�ORSDWD"5�3HQWUX�FD�VL�IDFH�LPSUHVLH�SURDVWD�GHVSUH�WLQH����&DUH�HVWH�GLIHUHQWD�vQWUH�WXPRUL�VL�VRDFUH"5�7XPRULOH�SRW�IL�VL�EHQLJQH������6RWLD�vL�]LFH�VRWXOXL��'DFD�WH�PDL�SRUWL�FD�XQ�EDGDUDQ��PD�PXW�OD�PDPD�VL�SH�HD�R�PXW�OD�WLQH�������6WLDWL�FD�IHPHLD�D�IRVW�FUHDWD�GH�'XPQHD]HX�VL�VRDFUD�GH�GLDYRO"�&XP�DVD"�'LDYROXO�D�]LV���$FHDVWD�L�VRDFUD���VL�VL�D�GDW�DIDUD�PDPD�VRWLHL�GLQ�,DG�����'H�]LXD�VRDFUHL�%XOD�VH�SUH]LQWD�FX�XQ SDFKHWHO�vQWU�R�PkQD�VL�FX�R�SXVFD�vQ�FHDODOWD��/D�PXOWL�DQL��PDPD�VRDFUD��7L�DP�DGXV�R�SHUHFKH�GH�FHUFHL�GH�DXU��0XOWXPHVF�%XOD��'DU�FX�SXVFD�FH�YUHL�VD�IDFL"�3DL��JDXUL�vQ�XUHFKL�Q�DL�QHYRLH"���'RDPQD�GH�OD�VRFLHWDWHD�GH�FDULWDWH��'RULWL�VD�FRQWULEXLWL�FX�FHYD�SHQWUX�D]LOXO�GH�EDWUkQL"*LQHUHOH��1HYDVWD��SXQH�L�SDODULD�VL�SDOWRQXO�PDPHL�WDOH�����&XP�VH�GHILQHVF�VHQWLPHQWHOD�FRQWUDGLFWRULL"5�'DFD�vWL�YH]L�VRDFUD�vQ�PDVLQD�WD�FHD�QRXD�VWkQG�VD�FDGD�vQWU�R�SUDSDVWLH������8Q�YDGXY�vVL�]LFH��2�D�GRXD�VRDFUD�QX�PDL�SRW�ULVFD�6L�V�D�FDVDWRULW�FX�FXPQDWD�VD�����$L�YRUELW�FX�GRFWRUXO�GHVSUH�QHYDVWD�PHD"�'D��O�DP�UXJDW�V�R�WUDWH]H�FD�SH�SURSULD�OXL�VRDFUD����/D�JUDGLQD�]RR�vQ�IDWD�XQHL�FXVWL�FX�KLSRSRWDPL��JLQHUHOH�vL�VSXQH�VRDFUHL�OXL��0DPD�VRDFUD��YH]L�FH�JXUD�PDUH�DUH��VL�WRWXVL�QX�VFRDWH�QLFL�XQ�FXYkQW������8QXO�]LFH�OD�R�PDVD�SULYLQG�OD�VRDFUD�VD��(X�FUHG�VL�vQ�YUDMLWRDUH��VL�vQ�GXKXUL�UHOH�VL�vQ�VWDILL�������0�DP�FDVDWRULW��2�DGHYDUDWD�SDUWLGD�6RWLD�PHD�H�RUIDQD�GH�PDPD�������9HFLQH��FkLQHOH�WDX�PL�D�PXVFDW�SkQD�DFXP�GH�WUHL�RUL�VRDFUD��9DL��PLL�GH�VFX]H��&kLQHOH�DVWD�H�LQFRULJLELO��1X�VWLX�FH�VD�IDF�FX�HO��9LQGH�PL�O�PLH�������6HVLXQHD�GH�LDUQD�D�FXUVXULORU�IDUD�IUHFYHQWD�OD�IDFXOWDWHD�GH�VWLLQWH�MXULGLFH�GLQ�%XFXUHVWL�([DPLQDWRUXO�PDL�SXQH�R�vQWUHEDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUD�FDQGLGDWXOXL��&H�SHGHDSVD�VH�DSOLFD�SHQWUX�ELJDPLH"�'RXD�VRDFUH��UDVSXQGH�VHQLQ�VWXGHQWXO�VL�VL�vQWLQGH�FDUQHWXO������2�EDED�DYHD�WUHL�JLQHUL�

Page 405: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

ÌQWU�R�]L�FkQG�JLQHUHOH�PDUH�YHQHD�GH�OD�VHUYLFL��EDED�FDUH�vO�YHGH�LQWUkQG�SH�SRDUWD�VDUH�vQ�IkQWkQD��$VWD�VDUH�GXSD�HD�VL�RVDOYHD]D�$�GRXD�]L�vQ�FXUWH�JLQHUHOH�JDVHVWH�R�'DFLH�FX�XQ�ELOHWHO�SH�FDSRWD���%LQH�IDFL��ELQH�SULPHVWL��0DPD�VRDFUD��ÌQ�DOWD�]L�DFHHDVL�SRYHVWH�GDU�DFXP�FX�JLQHUHOH�PLMORFLX��6DUH�VL�DVWD�GXSD�EDED� vQ� IkQWkQD�R� VDOYHD]D� VL� vQ� XUPDWRDUHD�]LJDVHVWH�vQ�FXUWH�R�PRWRFLFOHWD�FX�XQ ELOHWHO��%LQH�IDFL��ELQH�SULPHVWL��0DPD�VRDFUD��9LQH�VL�UkQGXO�JLQHUHOXL�PLF��%DED�IDFH�VDULWXUD�GH�ULJRDUH�GDU�vQDLQWH�VD�VDUD�GXSD�HD�JLQHUHOH�VWD�SXWLQ�VL�VH�JkQGHVWH��'DFD�DOD�PDUH�D�SULPLW�R�'DFLH��DOD�PLMORFLX�R�PRWRFLFOHWD�HX�FH�R�VD�SULPHVF"�2�ELFLFOHWD"�$LXUHD��QX�PL�WUHEXLH��/DV�R�vQPD�VD�VD�PRDUD��ÌQ�XUPDWRDUHD�]L�vQ�FXUWH�FkQG�LHVH�YHGH�XQ�0HUFHGHV�FX�XQ�ELOHWHO�SH�FDSRWD���%LQH�IDFL��ELQH�SULPHVWL��7DWD�VRFUX������8Q�ODFDWXV��XQ�ODFDWXV����$LFL��OD�HWDMX�SDWUX��9LQR�UHSHGH��VRDFUD�PHD�YUHD�VD�V�DUXQFH�SH�JHDP��6L�FH�QHYRLH�DL�GH�PLQH"�3DL��JHDPX�DOD�QX�VH�GHVFKLGH������/D�WULEXQDO��(VWL�DFX]DW�FD�WL�DL�RPRUkW�VRDFUD�FX�VkQJH�UHFH��'H�FH�DL�IDFXW�R"�1HYDVWD�PHD�PL�D�]LV����&XP�SRWL�VD�VSXL�DVD�FHYD��VRWLD�WD�vVL�LXEHD�IRDUWH�PXOW�PDPD��$VD�H��GD�vQDLQWH�GH�D�SOHFD��vQ�]LXD�UHVSHFWLYD��PL�D�]LV���0DUFHOH��GDFD�vQ�WLPS�FH�GRDUPH�R�GHUDQMHD]D�YUHR�PXVFD��Q�RWUH]L��RPRDU�R������$V�GRUL� VD�L� ULGLF�XQ�PRQXPHQW� IXQHUDU� VRDFUHL�PHOH��'XPQH]HX� V�R� LHUWH��$� IRVW� WRWXVL� IHPHLH�GH� WUHDED�� QX� FXP� VHVSXQH��6L�PL�D�ODVDW�PRVWHQLUH�DSDUWDPHQWXO��GHVL�QHYDVWD�PHD�QX�PDL�WUDLHVWH�GH�PXOW��'DU�VD�QX�ILH�SUHD�VFXPS��3DFDW��XLWH��DP�R�SLHVD�H[FHSWLRQDOD��FOLHQWXO�D�GDW�IDOLPHQW�VL�Q�D�PDL�OXDW�R��'DU��GLQ�QHIHULFLUH��H�JUDYDW�SH�HO�DOW�QXPH��VLGHVWXO�GH�DGkQF����1X�IDFH�QLPLF��%LDWD�IHPHLH�QX�VWLD�VD�FLWHDVFD����$P�IRVW�vQ�SDGXUH�VL�DP�FXOHV�FLXSHUFL�$P�YHQLW�FX�HOH�DFDVD��VRDFUD�PHD�OH�R�JDWLW��OH�R�PkQFDW�VL�R�PXULW���&RQFOX]LH��FLXSHUFLOH�DX�IRVW�EXQH�GDU�QHFRPHVWLELOH������8Q�EDUEDW�DMXQJH�OD�SRUWLOH�UDLXOXL��$LFL��XQ�JUXS�PDUH�GH�IHPHL�vO�vQWkPSLQD�VL�ILHFDUH�VH�GD�GUHSW�VRDFUD�OXL��'XPQH]HX�VD�WH�ELQHFXYkQWH]H��ILXOH��QX�PD�UHFXQRVWL"�6XQW�VRDFUD�WD�6H�WRW�FHDUWD�vQWUH�HOH��GDU�QX�DMXQJ�QLFLFXP�OD�FRQVHQV��3DQD�OD�XUPD��6I�3HWUX�YLQH�VD�IDFD�GUHSWDWH��'LQ�PRPHQW�FH����GH�IHPHL�SUHWLQG�D�IL�VRDFUHOH�DFHVWXL�RP��HO�WUHEXLH�WDLDW�vQ����GH�EXFDWL�)HPHLOH�DVFXOWD�WDFXWH�KRWDUDUHD�QHPLORDVD�D�6I��3HWUX��QXPDL�XQD�GLQ�HOH�VWULJD��$VD�HVWH��WUHEXLH�WDLDW�vQ����GH�EXFDWL�/D�FDUH�6I��3HWUX�VH�vQWRDUFH�FDWUH�HD�VL�VSXQH��7H�DP�JDVLW��7X�HVWL�DGHYDUDWD�VRDFUD����6H�vQWkOQHVF�vQWU�XQ�VDORQ�GH�VSLWDO�GRL�SULHWHQL��1X�FUHGHDP�FD�HVWL�OD�VSLWDO��$VHDUD�WH�DP�YD]XW�SH�GUXP�FX�R�EORQGD�WUDVQHW��'D��GDU�P�D�YD]XW�VL�VRDFUD�PHD����'RL�SULHWHQL�FRQYHUVHD]D��+HL�FH�L�FX�WLQH"�'H�FH�DL�XQ�RFKL�YkQDW"�,HUL�DP�IRVW�OD�PDVD�OD�VRFULL����(L�VL"����6WLL�GRDU�FD�HL�VXQW�FUHGLQFLRVL��vQDLQWH�GH�PDVD�D�WUHEXLW�VD�VSXQHP�UXJDFLXQHD��6L�PDL�GHSDUWH"����$P�IDFXW�JUHVHDOD�FD�OD�SDVDMXO��VL�IHUHVWH�QH�'RDPQH�GH�UHOH��VD�PD�XLW�WRFPDL�OD�PDPD�VRDFUD������/D�FLUF�'DYLG�&RSHUILHOG�SULPHVWH�FD�GH�RELFHL�XQ�SRWRS�GH�DSODX]H��(O�vVL�DQXQWD�XOWLPXO�QXPDU��ÌQ�XUPDWRUXO�QXPDU�YRL�IDFH�VD�GLVSDUD�R�IHPHLH��3HQWUX�DVWD�DP�QHYRLH�GH�XQ�YROXQWDU�GLQ�SXEOLF�'LQ�UkQGXO�GRL�VH�DXGH�XQ�JODV��0HUJL��PHUJL�GXPQHD�WD��PDPD�VRDFUD��������=L�PL�XQ�EDQF�EXQ��VD�L�O�VSXQ�VL�OX�VRDFUD�PHD��'D�FH�L�WUHEXLH�OX�VRDFUD�WD�EDQFXUL"�1X�L�WUHEXLH��GD�OD�EDQFX�DOD�FDUH�PL�O�DL�VSXV�LHUL�HUD�VD�PRDUD�GH�UkV������'H�]LXD�VRDFUHL��0LWLFD�VH�SUH]LQWD�FX�XQ�SDFKHWHO�vQWU�R�PkQD�VL�FX�R�SXVFD�vQ�FHDODOWD��/D�PXOWL�DQL��PDPD�VRDFUD��7L�DP�DGXV�R�SHUHFKH�GH�FHUFHL�GH�DXU�

Page 406: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�0XOWXPHVF��JLQHULFD��'D�FX�SXVFD�FH�YUHL�VD�IDFL"�3DDDLLLL�����GH�JDXUL�vQ�XUHFKL�QX�DL�QHYRLH"���8Q�FRUWHJLX�FLXGDW��GXSD�GULF�XUPD�XQ�WLS��XQ�FkLQH�ILRURV�VL��OD�PDUH�GLVWDQWD�YUHR�FLQFL]HFL�GH�RDPHQL��8Q�WLS�VH�DSURSLHVL�vQWUHDED��&LQH�D�PXULW�"�6RDFUD�PHD��UDVSXQGH�WLSXO��D�PXVFDW�R�FkLQHOH�DVWD��1X�PL�vPSUXPXWL�VL�PLH�FkLQHOH"�%D�GD��GDU�DVHD]D�WH�OD�FRDGD������8Q�WLS�VWDWHD�vQ�FDVD�VL�VH�XLWD�SH�IHUHDVWUD��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YHGH�FHYD�WUHFkQG�SULQ�IDWD�IHUHVWUHL�6FRDWH�FDSXO�SH�JHDP�VL�VH�XLWD�vQ�MRV�VL�YHGH�GRXD�HWDMH�PDL�MRV�R�IHPHLH�DWkUQDWD�GH�XQ�FDEOX�GH�DQWHQD�6H�XLWD�Q�VXV�VL�O�YHGH�OD�HWDMXO�]HFH�SH�%XOD�vQMXUkQG�GH�PDPD�IRFXOXL��%DL�%XOD�FLQH�L�PD�DLD�SH�FDUH�DL�DUXQFDW�R"�6RDFUD�PHD�GD�R�Q�S GD�PD�VLL��'D�FkWL�DQL�DUH�PD�VRDFUD�WD"�&LQFL]HFL�GD�R�Q�PD�VD��%D��GD�VH�WLQH�ELQH�PD��VH�WLQH�ELQH����'HWLQXWXO�HUD�DFX]DW�FD�D�YUXW�VD�VL�RPRDUH�VRDFUD�-XGHFDWRUXO�D�GLVSXV�HOLEDUDUHD�VD�FRQGLWLRQDWD��$�YUXW�VD�L�PDL�GHD�R�VDQVD�����1RURFXO�H�PDL�SUHVXV�GHFkW�UDWLXQHD��vVL�]LVH�VRWXO�FkQG�D�DUXQFDW�FX�R�SLDWUD�GXSD�FkLQH�VL�VL�D�QLPHULW�VRDFUD������,RQ�YLQH�GLQ�FLPLWLU�VL�VH�vQWDOQHVWH�FX�*KHRUJKH��'H�XQGH�YL�PD�,RDQH"�'LQ�FLPLWLU�PD�*KHRUJKH��'D�FH�V�D�vQWDPSODW�"�$P�vQJURSDW�R�SH�VRDFUD�PHD��6L�SH�IDWD�GH�FH�HVWL�]JkUkLDW"�3DL�V�D�RSXV�FkQG�DP�vQJURSDW�R����8Q�YkQDWRU�VL�D�LQYLWDW�SULHWHQLL�VD�OH�DUDWH�FROHFWLD�VD�GH�DQLPDOH�vPSDLDWH��8LWH��DLFL�HVWH�XQ�OHX�SH�FDUH�O�DP�vPSXVFDW�vQ�$IULFD��/kQJD�HO��R�YHYHULWD��LDU�DFROR�vQ�VSDWH�HVWH�VRDFUD�PHD��'DU�FH�]kPELWRDUH�HVWH��UHPDUFD�XQXO�GLQWUH�PXVDILUL��'D��SHQWUX�FD�SXVFD�DYHD�OXQHWD�VL�SkQD�Q�XOWLPD�FOLSD�D�FUH]XW�FD�YUHDX�VD�R�IRWRJUDILH]����*LQHUHOH�DGXFH�GRL�SHSHQL�DFDVD�VL�VSXQH�FDWUH�VRDFUD�VD��0DPD�VRDFUD��WH�DP�DX]LW�LHUL�VSXQkQG�FD�DL�GD�MXPDWDWH�GH�YLDWD�SHQWUX�XQ�SHSHQH��7L�DP�DGXV�GRL����9LLWRDUHD�VRDFUD�vVL�vQWUHDED�YLLWRUXO�JLQHUH��$P�DX]LW�FD�L�DL�IDFXW�ILFHL�PHOH�R�FHUHUH�vQ�FDVDWRULH��&XP�GH�QX�P�DL�vQWUHEDW�SH�PLQH�vQDLQWH"�3DL�QX�DP�VWLXW�FD�PD�LXELWL�VL�G�YRDVWUD������8Q�EDUEDW�DMXQJH�OD�SRUWLOH�UDLXOXL��$LFL��XQ�JUXS�PDUH�GH�IHPHL�vO�vQWkPSLQD�VL�ILHFDUH�VH�GD�GUHSW�VRDFUD�OXL��'XPQH]HX�VD�WH�ELQHFXYDQWH]H��ILXOH��QX�PD�UHFXQRVWL"�6XQW�VRDFUD�WD�6H�WRW�FHDUWD�vQWUH�HOH��GDU�QX�DMXQJ�QLFLFXP�OD�FRQVHQV��3kQD�OD�XUPD��6I��3HWUX�YLQH�VD�IDFD�GUHSWDWH��'LQ�PRPHQW�FH����GH�IHPHL�SUHWLQG�D�IL�VRDFUHOH�DFHVWXL�RP��HO�WUHEXLH�WDLDW�vQ����GH�EXFDWL�)HPHLOH�DVFXOWD�WDFXWH�KRWDUkUHD�QHPLORDVD�D�OXL�6I��3HWUX��QXPDL�XQD�GLQ�HOH�VWULJD��$VD�HVWH��WUHEXLH�WDLDW�vQ����GH�EXFDWL�/D�FDUH�6I��3HWUX�VH�vQWRDUFH�FDWUH�HD�VL�VSXQH��7H�DP�JDVLW��7X�HVWL�DGHYDUDWD�VRDFUD�������'RL�SULHWHQL�VWDX�OD�PDVD��(L��FH�]LFL�GH�VRDFUD�PHD"�,L�EXQD��$WXQFL�PDL�LD�R�EXFDWD����'RL�FDQLEDOL�VWDWHDX�LQ�MXUXO�XQXL�IRF��=LFH�XQXO��1X�PL�SODFH�GHORF�VRDFUD�PHD��ÌQFHUFD�FX�NHWFKXS����9LQH�vQWU�R�]L�'XPQH]HX�VL�FX�6I��3HWUX�OD�%XOD��VL�vL�VSXQ�FD�vL�SRW�vQGHSOLQL�WUHL�GRULQWH�

Page 407: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�'D�LD�DPLQWH��%XOD��FD�VRDFUD�WD�YD�DYHD�GH�GRXD�RUL�PDL�PXOW�GLQ�RULFH�vWL�GRUHVWL�WX��'HFL"�,D��'RDPQH��YUHX�VL�HX�XQ�FRQDFHO��DFROR��FX�����PS��WHUHQGH�WHQLV��SLVFLQD��HWF�3$&���$SDUWH�vQWU�R�FOLSD�XQ�FDVRL�XULDV��FX�SLVFLQD��WHUHQ�GH�WHQLV��HWF�$ODWXUL��DSDUH�XQ�FDVRL�GH�GRXD�RUL�PDL�PDUH��FX�GRXD�SLVFLQH��HWF��9HGH�%XOD��VH�IDFH�YHUGH����$�GRXD�GRULQWD��%XOD��1X�IRDUWH�FRYLQV�VL�vQFD�VRYDLQG��%XOD�]LFH��'D�PL��'RDPQH�������PLOLRDQH�$SDU�vPSUHMXU�SXQJL�FX�EDQL�SHVWH�WRW��3H�SURSULHWHWHD�GH�DODWXUL��OD�VRDFUD�VD��DSDUH�XQ�PXQWH�GH�GRXD�RUL�PDL�PDUH�GH�EDQL�%XOD�WUDQVSLUD��VH�IDFH�URVX�FD�UDFX����0DL�DL�vQFD�R�VLQJXUD�GRULQWD�GH�vQGHSOLQLW��JkQGHVWH�WH�ELQH��%XOD��'RDPQH��PL�D�DMXQV��18�0$,�95($8�1,0,&��+DL��%XOD��FD�QX�R�VD�PDL�DVD�R�RFD]LH�D�GRXD�RDUD�vQ�YLDWD����1X��QX��QX��7H�PDL�vQWUHE�XOWLPD�GDWD���6WD�%XOD�VL�VH�JDQGHVWH�SURIXQG��'RDPQH��EDWH�PD�SkQD�VXQW�SH�MXPDWDWH�PRUW����6RDFUD�VL�JLQHUHOH��'H�FkWH�RUL�YLQ�OD�YRL��YD�FHUWDWL��FH�YLDWD�H�DVWD"�'H�PDPD�VRDFUD��GDFD�YLL�VL�GXPQHDWD�DVD�GHV����8QX�IDFHD�SR]H��1HYDVWD�VD�YLQH�vQ�IXJD�OD�HO��6H�vQHDFD�PDPD��UHSHGH���7LSX�ULGLFD�QHSXWLQFLRV�GLQ�XPHUL��ÌPL�SDUH�UDX��WRFPDL�PL�V�D�WHUPLQDW�ILOPX�GLQ�DSDUDW�������'XSD�VXIHULQWD��PXOWD�EXFXULH��]LFH�XQXO�OD�vQPRUPkQWDUHD�VRDFUHL������5HFODPD�XQXL�LQVWLWXW�GH�FRVPHWLFD��1X�IOLUWDWL�FX�IHPHLD�DWkWDWRDUH�FH�LHVH�GH�SH�SRDUWD�QRDVWUD�6�DU�SXWHD�VD�ILH�VRDFUD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�������%XOD�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�SH�VWUDGD�FX�XQ�SULHWHQ�FDUH�vO�vQWUHDED��%XOD��DP�DX]LW�FD�WL�D�PXULW�VRDFUD��,D�]L�FH�D�DYXW"�&HYD�ELMXWHULL��XQ�WHOHYL]RU�FRORU��VL�SXWLQH�HFRQRPLL����1X�DVWD��YURLDP�VD�vQWUHE�FH�L�D�OLSVLW"�3DL�PDVLQD��R�FDVD�VDX�XQ�DSDUWDPHQW�SURSULHWDWH�SHUVRQDOD����0DL�%XOD��9URLDP�VD�VWLX�'(�&(�D�PXULW��3DL�D�IRVW�OD�QRL�vQ�YL]LWD��HX�L�DP�VSXV�VD�PHDUJD�vQ�SLYQLWD�VD�DGXFD�FDUWRIL��VD�IDFHP�SLXUHH�VL�JUDWDUH��HD�D�FD]XW�SH�VFDUL�VLVL�D�UXSW�JkWXO��'D��&H�JKLQLRQ��6L�FH�DWL�IDFXW�DWXQFL"�3DL�WDLWHL�FX�EUkQ]D������6H�vQWkOQHVWH�%XOD�FX�XQ�SULHWHQ��%XOD�vO�vQWUHDED��&H�IDFL�PkLQH"�3DL�PHUJ�FX�ILXO�PHX�VD�ODQVDP�XQ�]PHX��'DU�WX"�&HYD�DVHPDQDWRU��)DFHP�R�H[FXUVLH�OD�PXQWH�FX�VRDFUD�PHD�������/XDWL�ORF��&H�YD�VXSDUD"�1X�H�YRUED�GH�PLQH��'DU�GH�FLQH"�'H�VRDFUD�PHD��6L�D�GLVORFDW�LHUL�IDOFD�VL�QX�SRDWH�VD�YRUEHDVFD��9UHDX�VD�DIOX�GDFD�VLWXDWLD�H�GH�PRPHQW�VDX�VXQW�VDQVH�VDGXUH]H����%XOD�]LFH��0�DP�ODVDW�GH�EDXWXUD�VL�DVWD�GDWRULWD�VRDFUHL�PHOH��&XP�DVD"�'H�FkWH�RUL�HUDP�EHDW�R�YHGHDP�vQ�GXEOX�H[HPSODU������Ì�&H�FRDIXUD�vL�VWD�ELQH�XQHL�VRDFUH"5�&X�FDUDUH�SH�PLMORF�GDU�IDFXWD�FX�EDUGD������Ì�&kQG�WH�XLWL�OD�VRDFUD�FX�XQ�VLQJXU�RFKL"5�ÌQDLQWH�VD�DSHVL�SH�WUDJDFL���

Page 408: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���*KLFLWRDUH�=LXD�ODWUD��QRDSWHD�QRDWD"""5�3URWH]D�VRDFUD�PL�����&X�VRDFUD�WD�FXP�WH�vPSDFL"�([FHOHQW��2�LDX�FX�PLQH�SHVWH�WRW��RULXQGH�PD�GXF��PDL�DOHV�DWXQFL�FkQG�SOHF�OD�GLVWDQWH�IRDUWH�PDUL��&KLDU�VL�SHVWH�KRWDUH��)RUPLGDELO��FH�JLQHUH�UHFXQRVFDWRU�VL�LXELWRU�HVWL��(VWH�DGHYDUDW��7RWXVL���DP�XQ�PDUH�QHFD]��&DUH"�7RW�OHJDW�GH�VRDFUD"�'D��1X�VWLX�FXP�IDFH��GDU�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD��JDVHVWH�SH�FkWH�FLQHYD�FDUH�vL�GD�EDQL�VD�VH�vQWRDUFD�DFDVD�����,XELWXOH��D]L�HUD�VD�VH�vQWkPSOH�R�PDUH�QHQRURFLUH��]LFH�VRWLD��&H�DQXPH��LXELWR"�vQWUHDED�VRWXO�vQJULMRUDW��$�FD]XW�SHQGXOD�VL�HUD�JDWD��JDWD�V�R�ORYHDVFD�SH�PDPD�vQ�FDS��$�VFDSDW�FD�SULQ�XUHFKLOH�DFXOXL��$K��GRELWRF�VL�SURVW�FH�VXQW��9LQD�HVWH�QXPDL�D�PHD��&XP�DVD��LXELWXOH"��'D��3HQWUX�SULPD�RDUD�vQ�YLDWD��DP�XLWDW�VD�vQWRUF�SHQGXOD�VL�HD��SDFDWRDVD��D�UDPDV�vQ�XUPD����8Q�YkQDWRU�SOHDFD�vQWU�XQ�VDIDUL�FX�VRDFUD�VD�VL�VX�VRWLD��ÌQWU�R�VHDUD�SULQ�MXQJOD�VRDFUD�VH�UDWDFHVWH�VL�YkQDWRUXO�VL�VRWLDSOHDFD�VD�R�FDXWH��ÌQWU�XQ�WXILV�R�JDVHVF�vPSLHWULWD�GH�JURD]D�vQ�IDWD�XQXL�OHX�FDUH�UDJHD�GLQ�WRWL�UDUXQFKLL��9D]kQG�DVWD�VRWLD]LFH�YkQDWRUXOXL��&H�IDFHP�DFXPD"�1LPLF��UDVSXQGH�YkQDWRUXO��OHXO�V�D�EDJDW�VLQJXU�vQ�WUHDED�DVWD�ODVD�O�VD�VH�GHVFXUFH������8Q�WLS�PHUJH�OD�GRFWRU�VL�DFHVWD�vL�VSXQH�FD�VXIHULQ�GH�R�ERDOD�LQFXUDELOD�PDL�DUH�GRDU���OXQL�GH�WUDLW��$X]LQ�DFHVWH�WLSXOUDVSXQGH��$WXQFL�SHQWUX�XOWLPHOH�OXQL�GH�YLDWD�PD�YRL�PXWD�OD�VRDFUD�PHD�$X]LQG�DFHVWH�GRFWRUXO�VWXSHILDW��'H�FH�RPXOH"�1X�DL�DOFHYD�PDL�EXQ�GH�IDFXW"�/D�VRDFUD�PHD�vQ�FDVD���OXQL�vPL�YRU�SDUHD�R�YHVQLFLH������/D�XVD�VXQD�XQ�WLJDQ�VL�vQWUHDED��1X�DYHWL�FXPYD�YUHR�YHFKLWXUD�GH�FDUH�Y�DWL�SXWHD�OLSVL"�6WDL�SXWLQ�V�R�FKHP�SH�VRDFUD�PHD����&kQG�P�DP�FDVDWRULW�VRDFUD�PL�D�]LV���*LQHUH��FDVD�PHD�H�VL�FDVD�WD���6L"��&KLDU�D�GRXD�]L�D�YkQGXW�R�������'HFL�DVD��6XVWLQHWL�FD�QX�DWL�GHSDVLW�YLWH]D�UHJXODPHQWDUD��6L�FXP�YUHWL�VD�GRYHGLWL�DVWD"�)RDUWH�VLPSOX��GRPQXOH�SROLWLVW��PD�DIODP�vQ�GUXP�VSUH�VRDFUD�PHD�����$OWH�FXJHWDUL�GHVSUH�VRDFUH����2�GHVSDUWLUH�SRDWH�DGXFH�VL�EXFXULH�0L�DP�]LV�FkQG�VRDFUD�D�SOHFDW�GH�OD�QRL����&DXW�ORFXLQWD��OLQLVWLWD�vQ�GHVHUW�3HQWUX�VRDFUD�PHD����6RDFUD�PHD�DUH�R�VLQJXUD�DVLJXUDUH��FRQWUD�IRFXOXL�$VWD�SHQWUX�FD�VWLH�XQGH�R�VD�DMXQJD�GXSD�FH�PRDUH����1LFLRGDWD�QX�XLW�IHWHOH�RDPHQLORU���'DU�vQ�FD]XO�VRDFUD�PLL�VXQW�GLVSXV�VD�IDF�R�H[FHSWLH������6RDFUD�PHD�DUH�R�PHPRULH�GH�HOHIDQW�6L�R�PXWUD�WRW�DVD������&ULWLFD�(�R�DUWD�FDUH�PDPD�VRDFUD�R�VWDSkQHVWH�SHUIHFW����'H�IDSW�Q�DV�VSXQH�GHVSUH�VRDFUD�PHD�FD�H�XUkWD�

Page 409: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

+LGRDVD�DU�IL�XQ�FXYkQW�PDL�SRWULYLW������0�DP�FHUWDW�XUkW�FX�VRDFUD�PHD�DVHDUD�$P�YUXW�VD�L�IDF�XQ�ELQH�VL�L�DP�]LV�FD�DUH�FLRUDSLL�vQFUHWLWL��3UREOHPD�D�IRVW�FD�QX�DYHD�FLRUDSL������1�DV�]LFH�FD�VRDFUD�PHD�H�]JkUFLWD��GDU�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�FkQG�VFRDWH�R�PRQHGD�UHJLQD�FOLSHVWH�GLQ�RFKL�GLQ�FDX]D�OXPLQLL�����6RDFUD�PHD�D�LQWUDW�vQWU�XQ�PDJD]LQ�VL�D�FHUXW�R�URFKLH�GH�FXORDUHD�RFKLORU�HL�9kQ]DWRDUHD�D�]LV�FD�QX�DX�URFKLL�LQMHFWDWH����6RDFUD�PHD�H�FD�VL�(YHQLPHQWXO�]LOHL�$SDUH�]LOQLF����6RDFUD�PHD�QX�YLQH�GHV�OD�QRL��'HFkW�GH�GRXD�RUL�SH�DQ�'D�DWXQFL�VWD�FD�VDVH�OXQL����6RWLD�PHD�QX�DUH�QLPLF�GH�]LV�OD�PLQH�vQ�FDVD�$VWD�GH�FkQG�V�D�PXWDW�VRDFUD�OD�QRL����&DXW�ORFXLQWD�6D�ILH�VXILFLHQW�GH�PDUH��FD�VRWLD�PHD�VD�QX�VH�PXWH�OD�PDLFD�VD�VL�VXILFLHQW�GH�PLFD�FD�VRDFUD�VD�QX�VH�PXWH�OD�QRL�����'H�FH�DL�WDLDW�FRDGD�SLVLFLL"�&D�VD�QX�VL�R�PDL�PLVWH�DWDW�GH�SULHWHQRDVD�FDQG�YLQH�VRDFUD�PHD�������6XQWHWL�DFX]DW�FD�DWL�DUXQFDW�R�SH�VRDFUD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�GH�OD�HWDMXO�]HFH��1�DP�IDFXW�R�FX�SUHPHGLWDUH����1X"�6L�QX�Y�DWL�JkQGLW�FH�SHULFRO�PDUH�HVWH�SHQWUX�WUHFDWRUL"���%XOD�SULPHVWH�GH�OD�VRDFUD�VD�GH�&UDFLXQ�GRXD�FUDYDWH��3HQWUX�D�L�IDFH�LPSUHVLH�EXQD�vVL�SXQH�XQD�OD�JkW��6RDFUD�YD]kQGX�O�vL�]LFH�DFUX��6L�FHDODOWD�"�&HDODOWD�QX�WL�SODFH"���%DQFXUL�FX�VSHUPDWR]RL]L���&H�]LFH�XQ�VSHUPDWR]RLG�vQ�FDXWDUHD�RYXOXOXL"5�'DFD�WH�JDVHVF��RP�WH�IDF���&H�]LFH�VSHUPDWR]RLGXO�FDWUH�RYXO�FkQG�O�D�JDVLW"�5�20�PD�IDF����&H�]LFH�XQ�VSHUPDWR]RLG�FD]XW�SH�SHUQD"5�3kQD�L�S OD�PD�PDL�IDF�HX�RP������'H�FH�DX�VSHUPDWR]RL]LL�FRDGD"5�&D�VD�L�SRWL�VFRDWH�GLQWUH�GLQWL���2�JUXSD�GH�VSHUPDWR]RL]L�SOHFDWL�OD�GUXP��8QXO�GLQ�HL�]LFH��8IIII���$P�RERVLW�DVD�GH�WDUH���0DL�H�PXOW�SkQD�OD�RYXOH"/D�FDUH�XQXO�PDL�GLQ�IDWD��'D�PDL�H�GUXP�OXQJ���'H�DELD�DP�WUHFXW�GH�DPLJGDOH�����8Q�SOXWRQ�GH�VSHUPDWR]RL]L�vQ�PDUV��&RPDQGDQWXO�GLQ�IUXQWH�VH�vQWRDUFH�VL�VWULJD��7UDGDUHHHHHHHH��$P�IRVW�GDWL�vQ�JkW���8Q�MHW�GH�VSHUPDWR]RL]L�SH�GUXP��8QXO�PDL�GLQ�IDWD�VWULJD�GLQ�WRWL�UDUXQFKLL��*UXSD�FXOFDDDDDW����&X�WRWLL�VH�DUXQFD�SH�EXUWD��6H�DXGH�XQ�VXLHUDW�SXWHUQLF�VL�GXSD�XQ�WLPS�GH�DXGH�LDU�FRPDQGD�vQDLQWH��8QXO�PDL�GLQ�XUPD�VHULGLFD�QHGXPHULW�VL�vQWUHDED��&H�D�IRVW�DVWD"�/D�FDUH�FRPDQGDQWXO�JUXSHL"

Page 410: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�2�SLOXOD�DQWL�EDE\�����9DULDQWD�7UHFH�XQ�SOXWRQ�GH�VSHUPDWR]RL]L�vQ�PDUV��/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�YLQH�YLQH�GLQ�XUPD�XQ�VSHUPDWR]RLG�VFKLRS�VWULJkQG��$QWLEHELLLLLLL���$QWLEHELLLLLLLLL�3OXWRQXO�VH�VSHULH�VL�IDFH�VWkQJD�PSUHMXU��5DPkQH�VSHUPDWR]RLGXO�VFKLRS�VLQJXU�VL�VSXQH��+HKHHHHHH��6L�DVD�VH�QDVF�FRSLLL�KDQGLFDSDWL���7UHL�VSHUPDWR]RL]L�VH�FHDUWD�GH�PDPD�IRFXOXL��=LFH�SULPXO��9UHDX�VD�ILX�(X�SULPXO�$O�GRLOHD��%D�HX���HX�YUHDX�VD�ILX�SULPXO�/D�FDUH�DO�WUHLOHD�OH�]LFH�OLQLVWLW��0DL�WHUPLQDWL�RGDWD�FX�FHDUWD��FLQH�H�SULPXO�KRWDUkP�GXSD�FH�YHGHP�FXP�LHVLP�GLQ�WXEXO�GLJHVWLY���%DQFXUL�FX�SDVWLOD�PLQXQH�9LDJUD�VDX�FX�DFHHDVL�WHPD��8Q�WLS�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU�VD�L�FHDUD�R�WDEOHWD�9LDJUD��'RFWRUXO�vO�DYHUWL]HD]D�FD�GDFD�D�vQJKLWLW�SDVWLOD�YD�WUHEXL�VD�WUHDFD�ODWUHDED��FD�DOWIHO�QX�YD�PDL�SXWHD�IDFH�GUDJRVWH�QLFLRGDWD��7LSXO�SOHDFD��DMXQJH�DFDVD��SDUFKHD]D�PDVLQD��vQJKLWH�WDEOHWD��vQWUDvQ�FDVD�VL�vQFHSH�VD�VL�FDXWH�QHYDVWD��'XSD�FH�VL�GD�VHDPD�FD�DFHDVWD�QX�L�DFDVD��GD�GLVSHUDW�WHOHIRQ�GRFWRUXOXL��vQWUHEkQGX�OFH�L�GH�IDFXW��'RFWRUXO�vO�vQWUHDED�GDFD�SULQ�FDVD�QX�H�YUHR�DOWD�IHPHLH���PHQDMHUD��JXYHUQDQWD�HWF�7LSXO�UDVSXQGH��(VWH��GDU�SHQWUX�HD�QX�DYHDP�QHYRLH�GH�WDEOHWD����&H�VXQW�vQWDULWRDUHOH�DVWHD�OD�JXOHUHOH�FDPDVLORU"�%DOHQH��7LQ�JXOHUXO�GUHSW��'DU�SUH]HUYDWLYH�FX�EDOHQH�QX�DYHWL�"��8Q�EDGH�YLQH�OD�IDUPDFLH�VL�vQWUHDED��'RPQLVRDUD��DYHVL�PHGLFDPHQWH�GLQ�DFHOHD�DOEDVWUH�GH�FDUH�WH�VLPWL�ELQH"�'D��EDGH�����9LDJUD�OH�]LFH����$SRL�GD�����VL��FkW�FRVWD�XQD"��������OHL���6L�FvW�WLQH"�$SRL����YUHR�SDWUX�RUH��EDGH�����6L�FKLDU�FRVWD��������OHL"""""�'D��EDGH����WL�DP�PDL�VSXV����%DGHD��VFDUSLQkQGX�VH�vQ�FDS�����$SRL�SHQWUX�XQ�VIHUW�GH�RUD�vQ�SOXV�QX�PHULWD�VD�GDX��������OHL������Ì�&H�VH�vQWDPSOD�FXLYD�FDUH�LD�GRDU�R�MXPDWDWH�GH�SDVWLOD�GH�9,$*5$"5�,�VH�VFRDOD�GRDU�SULPD�MXPDWDWH��LDU�UHVWXO�DWvUQD�����2�EDED�VH�GXFH�OD�IDUPDFLH�VL�vQWUHDED�GDFD�DX�XQ PHGLFDPHQW�DQWL�9,$*5$��/D�FH�YD�WUHEXLH"�vQWUHDED�IDUPDFLVWD��3DL�PRVXO�PHX�D�OXDW�9,$*5$�VL��ILLQG�FDUGLDF��D�PXULW��$FXP�QX�PDL�SXWHP�VD�vQFKLGHP�FDSDFXO�OD�VLFULX���Ì�&H�VH�vQWDPSOD�GDFD�LQWURGXFL�R�SDVWLOD�9,$*5$�vQ�SDPkQW"5�3RWL�VFRDWH�UkPHOH�VL�VD�OH�EDJL�vQ�SHUHWH�����Ì�ÌQ�FH�VH�WUDQVIRUPD�XQ�FRQIHWWL�FDUH�D�OXDW�R�SDVWLOD�GH�9,$*5$"5�ÌQWU�R�SLRQH]D�����9DULDQWD�Ì�6WLWL�FH�H�R�SLRQH]D"5�8Q�EDQXW�FDUH�D�OXDW�9LDJUD�����ÌQWU�R�UHFODPD�VH�DQXQWD�QRL�SURGXVH��SDVWLOHOH�9,$*5$�/,*+76��SHQWUX�PkQDJLL��9,$*5$�3/86��SHQWUX�VDWLVIDFHUHD�QHYHVWHL�

Page 411: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

�9,$*5$�0(17+2/��SHQWUX�GDW�P H�����ÌQWUHDED�XQ�EDUEDW�SH�XQ�DOWXO��7X�LHL�GH�PXOW�WLPS�SLOXOD�DLD�PLQXQH�9LDJUD��VSXQH�PL�VL�PLH�FXP�H"�'H�D�GUHSWXO�R�PLQXQH��DL�VHQ]DWLD�FD�SRWL�I H�OD�QHVIkUVLW��SUREOHPD�H�FD�QXPDL�SHQWUX�DFDVD�QX�VH�UHQWHD]D������8Q�DUWLFRO�VFULV�OD�XQ�WHVW�SUHOLPLQDU�SHQWUX�SDVWLOD�9LDJUD��3ULPXO�SDUWLFLSDQW��SULPD�IHPHLH��D�GRXD�IHPHLH��D�WUHLD�IHPHLH��JDWD����DO�GRLOHD�SDUWLFLSDQW��SULPD�IHPHLH��D�GRXD�IHPHLH��DWUHLD�IHPHLH��D�SDWUD�IHPHLH�JDWD����DO�WUHLOHD�SDUWLFLSDQW��SULPD�IHPHLH��D�GRXD�IHPHLH��D�WUHLD�IHPHLH��D�SDWUD�IHPHLH�D�FLQFHDIHPHLH�� D� VDVHD� IHPHLH�� D� VDSWHD� IHPHLH�� FH� V�D� vQWkPSODW� �QX� PDL� DYHP� SHUVRQDO�DMXWRRRRU�� SULPXO� UHSRUWHU�� DO� GRLOHDUHSRUWHU��DDDDKKKKK������8Q�WDUDQ�vVL�FXPSDUD�9LDJUD��6L�SHQWUX�FD�QX�SUHD�DYHD�HO�vQFUHGHUH�vQ�SDVWLOD�DVWD�vL�GD�SULQ�FDS�VD�R�WHVWH]H�SH�FRFRV��=LVVL�IDFXW��FRFRVXO�FLXJXOHVWH�SDVWLOD�VL�GXSD�MXPDWDWH�GH�RUD�QLPLF��GXSD�R�RUD�LDU�QLPLF�VL�DSRL�vQFHSH�/D�vQFHSXW�WRDWH�JDLQLOH��DSRL�RLOH��FDSUHOH��SRUFLL��YDFLOH�VL�ERLL���6DUH�DSRL� vQ�FXUWHD�YHFLQD�VL�DFROR�GH�OD� vQFHSXW�JDLQLOH�DSRL�RLOH��FDSUHOH��SRUFLL��YDFLOH�VL�ERLL���/D�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�SLFD�FRFRVXO�MRV�VL�UDPkQH�DVD�FD�PRUW��6DUPDQH�FRFRV��WH�DL�RERVLW�XQ�SLF�FDP�SUHD�WDUH��]LFH�WDUDQXO����3VVVW�WDUDQH��]LFH�FRFRVXO��LD�XLWH�DFROR�VXV�XOLXO�DFHOD��DVD�L�FD�L�PLVWR������6H�vQWkOQHVF�GRL�EDWUkQL�GH����GH�DQL��'H�FkQG�LDX�9LDJUD�PD�VLPW�FD�GH�����'D�GH�XQGH�DVD�R�SURVWLH��SH�PLQH�PD�GHUDQMHD]D�JUR]DY�OD�JUDGLQDULW������Ì�&H�VH�vQWkPSOD�GDFD�DUXQFL�vQ�DSD�FDOGD�R�SDVWLOD�GH�9LDJUD"5�5H]XOWD�XQ�JURJ�IRDUWH��WDUH�������Ì�&H�DU�IL�GH�GRULW�SHQWUX�SHUVRDQHOH�FDUH�LDX�9LDJUD"5�6D�FLUFXOH�PDL�PXOW�VkQJH�VL�vQ�FDS������Ì�FDUH�H�QRXO�LPQ�DO�FHORU�FDUH�LDX�9LDJUD"5�(OWRQ�-RKQ���,P�VWLOO�VWDQGLQJ�������$FXP��3OXJ�Q�3OD\��VL�SHQWUX�PHGLFDPHQWH�"6FULH�SH�SDFKHWXO�GH�9LDJUD����8Q�FDUJRX�FX�9LDJUD�V�D�VFXIXQGDW�vQ�$WODQWLF���,PHGLDW�GXSD�DFHHD�V�D��ULGLFDW��7LWDQLFXO�OD�VXSUDIDWD������Ì�&XP�D�IRVW�GHVFRSHULWD�9LDJUD"5�$IRVW�GHVFLIUDW�FRGXO�JHQHWLF�DO�OXL�%LOO�&OLQWRQ�����8Q�DUKLWHFW�DPHULFDQ�D�VDOYDW�XQ�PRQXPHQW�DUKLWHFWRQLF�GH�LPSRUWDQWD�PRQGLDOD�7XUQXO�GLQ�3LVD�D�IRVW�vQGUHSWDW���6HFUHWXO��9LDJUD�vQ�SkQ]D�GH�DSD�IUHDWLFD������7DNH�9LDJUD���+DYH�)XQ���'LH�+DUG������([LVW�WUHL�WLSXUL�GH�9LDJUD��3DVWLOH�XVRDUH�3DVWLOH�WDUL�%LOO�&OLQWRQ���=LFH�3DSD�XQXL�FDUGLQDO��9LDJUD�IDUD�IHPHLH�H�XQ�FKLQ������Ì�'H�FH�VH�IDF�DFXP�EDQFLOH�OD�VFRDOD�FX����FP�PDL�vQDOWH"5�9LDJUD�VH�FRPHUFLDOL]HD]D�VL�vQ�FXUWHD�VFROLL������Ì�&H�VH�vQWkPSOD�GDFD�GDL�9LDJUD�XQXL�VDUSH"5�7H�DFX]D�WLSLL�GH�OD�*UHHQSHDFH�SHQWUX�FKLQXLUHD�DQLPDOHORU������Ì�&H�VH�vQWkPSOD�GDFD�GDL�9LDJUD�XQXL�OLFXULFL"5�6H�WUDQVIRUPD�vQWU�XQ�ODPSLRQ���

Page 412: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���9DULDQWD�Ì�&H�IDFH�XQ�OLFXULFL�GXSD�FH�LD�R�SDVWLOD�9LDJUD"5�6H�WUDQVIRUPD�vQWU�XQ�WXE�GH�QHRQ����Ì�'H�FH�QX�VH�GD�9LDJUD�IHPHLORU"5�3UREDELO�FD�DU�VkQJHUD������=LFH�XQ�EDWUkQ��'H�FkQG�LDX�9LDJUD�VWLX�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�XQGH�VD�vPL�DJDW�SDODULD����Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVWH�QRXD�$QWLYLDJUD"5�7HUSLQRO���R�IDFH�PRDOH�VL�SXIRDVD���Ì�&XP�VH�QXPHVF�FHL�VDSWH�DPHULFDQL�FDUH�DX�OXDW�9LDJUD"5���XS����&D�VL�UDVSXQV�OD�(XUR��¼��D�IRVW�HPLVD�VL�vQ�$PHULFD�R�QRXD�PRQHGD���&OLQWRQ� �����9LDJUD������8Q�EDUEDW�DYHD�SUREOHPH�FX�SRWHQWD��0HUJH�OD�GRFWRU��LDU�DFHVWD�vL�VSXQH��ÌWL�GDX�SUDIXO�DFHVWD��SH�FDUH�WUHEXLH�VD�O�SXL�vQ�PkQFDUH�VL�HUHFWLD�YD�YHQL�LPHGLDW�%XFXURV��vQ�GUXP�VSUH�FDVD��SHQWUX�D�IDFH�R�EXFXULH�VRWLHL�VDOH��LQWUD�vQWU�XQ�UHVWDXUDQW�VL�FRPDQGD�R�SRUWLH�GH�PLFL�VL�VSXQHEXFDWDUXOXL�VD�SXQD�SUDIXO�vQ�HL�'XSD�R�RUD�GH�DVWHSWDUH�RPXO�UHYROWDW��vO�vQWUHDED�SH�RVSDWDU��&H�VH�PDL�DXGH�FX�PLFL�DLD��GRPOH"�'RPQXOH��EXFDWDUX�L�GLVSHUDW��FXP�DVHD]D�PLFLL�SH�JUDWDU��HL�VH�ULGLFD�vQ�SLFLRDUH����8QXO�PDL�VODE�GH�PDGXYD�VH�GXFH�OD�GRFWRU�VL�vO�URDJD�VD�L�GHD�QLVWH�SLOXOH�SHQWUX�SRWHQWD�'RFWRUXO�vL�GD�SLOXOHOH�UHVSHFWLYH�9LDJUD��VL�vL�VSXQH�VD�YLQD�GLQ�QRX�GXSD�FH�OH�vQFHDUFD�ÌQDLQWH�GH�vQWkOQLUH�EDJD�DVWD�SH�JkW�FkWHYD�SLOXOH�VL���$�GRXD�]L�OD�GRFWRU��&XP�D�IRVW�PD"�$DDD�IRDUWH�ELQH��SH�PDVD�vQ�EXFDWDULH��SH�PDVLQD�GH�VSDODW��VXE�GXV��SH�SDW��VXE�SDW��XQGH�V�D�SXWXW����6L�HD�FH�D�]LV"�(D�Q�D�YHQLW����9DULDQWD�8QXO�VH�GXFH�OD�IDUPDFLH�VL�vL�DUDWD�IDUPDFLVWXOXL�DPEHOH�PkLQL�FX�GHJHWHOH�GHVIDFXWH��)DUPDFLVWXO��&H�L�GRPXOH"�&XP�FH�L"����=HFH��&H�]HFH"�=HFH�SDVWLOH�9LDJUD��'LVHDUD�DVWHSW�WUHL�IHPHL�EXQH�vQ�YL]LWD�ÌVL� LD� DVWD� SDVWLOHOH� VL� SOHDFD�� $� GRXD� ]LR� LDU� YLQH� vQ� IDUPDFLH� VL� vL� DUDWD� IDUPDFLVWXOXL� PkLQLOH� FX� GHJHWHOH� GHVIDFXWH�IDUPDFLVWXO��$KDDD��VWLX�]HFH�SDVWLOH�9LDJUD�����1X�GRPQXOH�R�FUHPD�GH�PkLQL��7LSHOH�QX�DX�YHQLW�DVHDUD������Ì�&kQG�DU�IL�9LDJUD�FX�DGHYDUDW�GH�IRORV"5�&kQG�V�DU�FRQVLGHUD�FD�EDUEDWLL�VXQW�R�VSHFLH�SH�FDOH�GH�GLVSDULWLH������Ì�&DUH�H�GHRVHELUHD�vQWUH�XQ�FRQVXPDWRU�GH�9LDJUD�VL�XQ�ODEDJLX"5�1LFLXQD��$PkQGRL�R�IDF�SkQD�PRU������Ì�&H�HVWH�FX�DGHYDUDW�GHSULPDQW"5�6D�vQJKLWL�R�9LDJUD��VD�DOHUJL�vQVSUH�SHUHWH�VL�VD�WL�GDL�SULPD�GDWD�FX�FDSXO��GH�VXV��GH�SHUHWH������1RXD�SLOXOD�9LDJUD��8Q�IHO�GH�$XURODF�SHQWUX�6HQLRUL�������&HUHUHD�SH�SLDWD�SHQWUX�3DVWLOD�9LDJUD�QX�PDL�H�DVD�GH�PDUH��)HPHLOH�QX�PDL�IDF�IDWD�������9LDJUD�H[LVWD�DFXP�VL�FD�ORWLXQH��'XSD�vQWUHEXLQWDUH�vQWLQGH�SLHOHD���

Page 413: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���Ì�'H�FH�VH�UHFRPDQGD�vQJKLWLUHD�IRDUWH�UHSHGH�D�SDVWLOHL�9LDJUD"5�$OWIHO�vWL�SRDWH�vQWHSHQL�JkWXO������Ì�'H�FH�VH�vQJKLWH�UHSHGH�9LDJUD"��YDULDQWD�5�&D�VD�QX�VH�vQWDUHDVFD�OLPED����Ì�&H�VH�vQWkPSOD�GDFD�VH�FRQVXPD�9LDJUD�FX�SUHSDUDWH�FX�FRQWLQXW�ERJDW�vQ�ILHU"5�6FXOD�vWL�YD�DUDWD�SHUPDQHQW�QRUGXO������Ì�&H�PRGLILFDUL�DGXFH�QRXO�YLUXV��9LDJUD��OD�FRPSXWHUXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD"5�7UDQVIRUPD�)ORSS\�GLVFXO�vQWU�XQ�+DUG�GLVF������/D�SLOXOD�9LDJUD�V�D�vQWkPSODW�FkWHRGDWD�FD�QX�QXPDL�VFXOD�D�VWDW�FD�XQ�SDU�FL�D�PDL�VWDW�VL�LQLPD������ÌQ�]LDU�D�VFULV�GH�SULPXO�RP�PRUW�GH�R�RYHUGR]D�GH�9LDJUD�8Q�EDUEDW�D�OXDW����SLOXOH�GH�9LDJUD�VL�VRWLD�VD�D�PXULW������9LDJUD�VH�FRPHUFLDOL]HD]D�PDL�QRX�VL�FD�VSUD\�QD]DO�3ULPHOH�HIHFWH�VHFXQGDUH�DOH�DFHVWXL�QRX�SURGXV�VH�SRW�GHMD�YHGHD��3LQRFFKLR����Ì�&DUH�H�GLIHUHQWD�GLQWUH�XQ�EDWUkQ�FDUH�D�OXDW�9LDJUD�VL�XQXO�FDUH�QX�D�OXDW�vQFD�"5�&HO�FDUH�D�OXDW�R�VSHUD�VD�PDL�WUDLDVFD�LDU�FHO�FDUH�R�YD�OXD�WUDLHVWH�vQ�VSHUDQWD������2�YUDMLWRDUH�DX]LQG�FD�SDVWLOD�PLQXQH�9LDJUD�DFWLRQHD]D�VL�OD�IHPHL�D�OXDW�XQD�VL�D�SOHFDW�SULQ�SDGXUH�3H�XPDUXO�HL�VDGH��GH�EXQDVHDPD��XQ�FRUE��6H�vQWkOQHVWH�YUDMLWRDUHD�FX�XQ�WkQDU�VL�SDWUXQVD�GH�XQ�YDO�SULPDYDUDWLF�vL�VSXQHDFHVWXLD��'DFD�UHFXQRVWL�IDSWXUD�FDUH�VDGH�OD�PLQH�SH�XPDU�vWL�YRL�GDUXL�R�QRDSWH�GH�GUDJRVWH�7kQDUXO�VH�FRQFHQWUHD]D�VL�]LFH��8Q�ERX"���/D�FDUH�YUDMLWRDUHD��8Q�ERX�HVWL�WX�GDU�WUHDFD�GH�OD�PLQH������8Q�EDUEDW�YLQH�OD�GRFWRU�VL�vL�PDUWXULVHVWH�FD�DUH�SUREOHPH�FX�SRWHQWD��'RFWRUXO�vL�]LFH��$WD�QX�PDL�H�vQ�]LOHOH�QRDVWUH�R�SUREOHPD��7RFPDL�V�D�VFRV�SH�SLDWD�XQ�QRX�PHGLFDPHQW��9LDJUD��FDUH�SXQH�FDSDW�WXWXURUSUREOHPHORU�GH�DFHVW�JHQ�GHFL�GRFWRUXO�vL�SUHVFULH�SLOXOD�VL�RPXO�QRVWUX�SOHDFD�'XSD�FkWHYD�OXQL�GRFWRUXO�VH�vQWkOQHVWH�SH�VWUDGD�FX�SDFLHQWXO��'RPQXOH�GRFWRU��PHGLFDPHQWXO�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�H�R�PLQXQH��9D�PXOWXPHVF�GLQ�VXIOHW��(�PLQXQDW��0D�EXFXU�VD�DXG�DVWD��]LFH�GRFWRUXO��&H�SDUHUH�DUH�VRWLD�GXPQHDYRDVWUD�GHVSUH�DVWD"�6RWLD"��vQWUHDED�XLPLW�RPXO�QRVWUX��3DL�GH�DWXQFL�Q�DP�PDL�GDW�SH�DFDVD������Ì�'H�FH�SUHVFULH�DFXP�9LDJUD�VL�SHQWUX�EDUEDWLL�REH]L"5�'LQ�FDX]D�SX LL�QX�PDL�DMXQJ�OD�IULJLGHU������8Q�EDWUkQ�D�OXDW����GH�SDVWLHO�9LDJUD�GH�RGDWD�VL�DPXULW�GH�LQLPD�/D�vQPRUPkQWDUH�D�WUHEXLW�vQVD�FD�VL�FDSDFXO�VLFULXOXL�VD�PDL�UDPkQD����]LOH�GHVFKLV������Ì�'H�FH�SULPHVF�PDL�QRX�EDWUkQLL�GH�OD�D]LO�FkWH�XQ�VIHUW�GH�9LDJUD"5�6D�QX�PDL�XULQH]H�SH�SDEWDORQL������Ì�'H�FH�XQLL�vVL�LQWURGXF�FkWH�R�SLOXOD�9LDJUD�vQ�WDQFXO�GH�EHQ]LQD"5�3HQWUX�FD�PDVLQD�VD�SRDWD�OXD�FXUEHOH�PDL�GUHSW������Ì�'H�FH�VH�GD�PDL�QRX�VL�VROGDWLORU��OD�DUPDWD��9LDJUD�vQ�ORF�GH�EURPXUD"5�6�DX�IDFXW�H[SHULPHQWH�VL�V�D�GRYHGLW�FD�VWDX�PDL�ELQH�GUHSWL������2�SHUHFKH�PDL�WUHFXWD�VWD�vQ�SDW��=LFH�HO��'UDJD�WRFPDL�DP�OXDW�R�SLOXOD��2�9LDJUD�/D�FDUH�HD��6L�HX��GUDJD��8Q�DOJRFDOPLQ������'DFD�DL�9LDJUD�Q�YLQH3RWL�I H�FD�XQ�FkLQH���

Page 414: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

���Ì�'H�FH�9LDJUD�QX�V�D�LPSXV�vQFD�SH�SLDWD"5�3HQWUX�X]XO�FDVQLF�SUHD�VFXPSD�VL�SHQWUX�MRFXULOH�vQ�GHSODVDUH�QX�H�QHFHVDUD������Ì�'H�FH�vQJKLW�SXQNHULL�PDL�QRX�9LDJUD"5�6D�OH�VWHD�SDUXO�VFXODW������8Q�VRW�FX�VRWLD�VD�PHUJ�OD�IDUPDFLH�VD�FXPSHUH�FkWH�YD�SLOXOH�9LDJUD��(O�UHFODPD��&XP�"�����R SDVWLOD�/D�FDUH�VRWLD�VD���/DVD�����SH�DQ�QLFL�QX�H�DVD�GH�VFXPS�������6vQW�VXSDUDW��QX�PL�VH�PDL�VFRDOD�GH����DQL����6D�EDW�vQ�OHPQ��PLH�QXPDL�GH��������Ì�&H�REWLL�GDFD�DUXQFL�vQ�YkQW�R�SDVWLOD�9LDJUD"5�2�EUL]D�SXWHUQLFD���%DQFXUL�FX�VSRULYL�VL�GHVSUH�VSRUW%DQFXUL�FX�ER[HUL��'XSD���UHSUL]H�YLQH�ER[HUXO�PDFLQDW�vQ�SXPQL��vQ�FROW��$QWUHQRUXO�vL�]LFH��$U�WUHEXL�VD�WH�KRWDUDVWL�RGDWD��9UHL�WLWOXO�VDX�SUHPLXO�1REHO�SHQWUX�SDFH�����%R[HUXO�FDPSLRQ�YLQH�OD�SROLWLH��8Q�WLS�P�D�MHIXLW��0�D�DPHQLQWDW�VL�PL�D�OXDW�FHL������FDUH�vL�DYHDP�OD�PLQH��6L�QX�Y�DWL�DSDUDW"�3HQWUX�DVD�XQ�JDM�PLF"�������0DL�DP�YUHR�VDQVD�VD�FkVWLJ"�vQWUHDED�ER[HUXO�vQ�SDX]D�PHPEULL�HFKLSHL�VDOH��&X�VLJXUDQWD��/RYHVWH�DVD�PDL�GHSDUWH�DHUXO�VL�DGYHUVDUXO�FDSDWD�FX�VLJXUDQWD�R�DSULQGHUH�OD�SODPkQL�����8Q�ER[HU�UHQXPLW�WUHEXLH�RSHUDWD�GH�DSHQGLFLWD��'LQ�VDOD�GH�RSHUDWLH�YLQH�VXSDUDW�PHGLFXO�DQHVWH]LVW��$VD�QX�VH�PDL�SRDWH��(X�vQFHUF�VD�vO�DQHVWH]LH]��QXPDU�SkQD�OD���VL�HO�VH�ULGLFD�GH�ILHFDUH�GDWD�vQ�SLFLRDUH�����6RWLD�ER[HUXOXL�H�WUH]LWD�GLQ�VRPQ�GH�XQ�]JRPRW�FH�YLQH�GLQ�VXIUDJHULH��ÌVL�WUH]HVWH�VRWXO��5RFN\��FUHG�FD�FLQHYD�YUHD�R�OHFWLH�SDUWLFXODUD�GH�ER[�����8Q�ER[HU�UHQXPLW�vVL�ODQVHD]D�SULPXO�&'��FX�WRDWH�FD�QX�HUD�FD]XO��8Q�FULWLF�vQWUHDED�SURGXFDWRULL��&DUH�D�IRVW�DVD�GH�WkPSLW�VD�L�VSXQD�FD�H�vQ�VWDUH�VD�FkQWH"�5DJHWHOH�DVWHD�VXQW�GH�WRDWD�MHQD����1LPHQL��QLPHQL�QX�D�IRVW�DVD�GH�WkPSLW�VD�L�VSXQD�FD�QX�H�vQ�VWDUH�VD�FkQWH�����$QWUHQRUXO�vL�VSXQH��vQ�SDX]D��FXYLQWH�GH�vQFXUDMDUH�ER[HUXOXL��&HODODOW�FkVWLJD�FX�VLJXUDQWD��GDU�WX�DL�SDUWH�GH�FHOH�PDL�EXQH�SULP�SODQXUL�OD�WHOHYL]XQH�����%R[HUXO�FDGH�OD�SDPkQW�vQ�UHSUL]D�D���D��$UELWUXO�vQFHSH�VD�QXPHUH��%XQLFD�OXL�%XOD�VH�ULGLFD�GLQ�SULPXO�UkQG�VL�VWULJD��$VWD�RULFXP�QX�VH�ULGLFD��ÌO�VWLX�HX�GLQ�DXWREX]�����8Q�ER[HU�VH�SOkQJH�GRFWRUXOXL�FD�QX�SRDWH�VD�GRDUPD��1X�YD�GDX�PHGLFDPHQWH��QX�DUH�URVW��)RORVLWL�PHWRGD�FODVLFD��FHD�FX�QXPDUDWXO�RLORU��$P�vQFHUFDW�R��'DU��vQWRWGHDXQD�FkQG�DMXQJ�OD�QRXD��VDU�vQ�SLFLRDUH�����'UXPXO�GLQ�FDELQH�SkQD�vQ�ULQJ�PL�VH�SDUH�FDP�SUHD�OXQJ��FRPHQWHD]D�ER[HUXO��/LQLVWHVWH�WH��vL�]LFH�DQWUHQRUXO�OD�vQWRDUFHUH�YHL�IL�RULFXP�WUDQVSRUWDW��������$L�DX]LW�FD�ER[HUXO�&RORVVR�0DPHOOR��D�IRVW�GHVFDOLILFDW"�'D�GDU�GH�FH"�'LQ�FDX]D�FD�HUD�VXSHUWLWLRV��$�DVFXQV�R�SRWFRDYD�vQ�PDQXVD���

Page 415: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

1RXO�UHJXODPHQWXO�8()$�DSOLFDW�HFKLSHORU�URPkQHVWL�vQ�FXSHOH�HXURSHQH$UW���3HQWUX�D�H[LVWD�XQ�GHSOLQ�HFKLOLEUX�YDORULF�vQ�WHUHQ��QRL�YRP�MXFD����VL�YRP�DYHD�GUHSWXO�OD���VFKLPEDUL�$UW���-XFDWRULL�QRVWULL�VH�YRU�HFKLSD�OD�IHO�FD�DGYHUVDULL��GHUXWkQGX�L�FRPSOHW��7RWRGDWD��YRP�DYHD�GLQ�VWDUW�MXVWLILFDUL�SHQWUXSDVHOH�JUHVLWH�GDWH�OD�DGYHUVDU�$UW���$GYHUVDULL�YRU�MXFD�GHVFXOWL�SHQWUX�D�QX�SHULFOLWD�SULQ�WDULD�VXWXULORU�LQWHJULWDWHD�FRUSRUDOD�D�SRUWDUXOXL�QRVWUX�VL�FKLDU�DRUJDQHORU�GH�RUGLQH�$UW���$WLQJHUHD�PLQJLL�FX�PkQD��FDSXO�VDX�SLFLRUXO�GH�FDWUH�MXFDWRULL�HFKLSHL�DGYHUVH�YD�IL�FRQVLGHUDWD�KHQW�VL�WUDWDWD�FD�DWDUH�$UW���3HQWUX�QRL�QX�YD�H[LVWD�QRWLXQHD�GH�KHQW��LDU�PLQJHD�YD�IL�SUHYD]XWD�FX�PkQHUH�VSUH�D�IDFLOLWD�GULEOLQJXULOH�FX�PkQD�$UW���3RUWDUXO�QRVWUX�YD�SXUWD�XQ�HFKLSDPHQW�ODUJ�vQ�FDUH�VD�vQFDSD�VL�UH]HUYD�VD��DVWIHO�vQFkW�XQXO�YD�DSDUD�R�SDUWH�D�SRUWLL�FHODODOW�DOWD�$UW���3RUWDUXO�ORU���SH�WRDWD�GXUDWD�SDUWLGHL���YD�DSDUD�vQWU�XQ�SLFLRU��FX�R�PkQD�OD�VSDWH�VL�OHJDW�OD�RFKL�$UW���)RUPDWLD�QRDVWUD�YD�MXFD�VWXGLDWXO�VLVWHP��Q�R�DWLQJH�FD�WH�IULJH���FRQWUDFDUkQGX�O�SH�DO�ORU��EDJD�O�SH�ID]DQ�OD�PLMORF��$UW���$GYHUVDULORU�QRVWUL�OD�WUHL�JROXUL�vQVFULVH�OL�VH�YD�PDUFD�XQ�SXQFW�SH�WDEHOD�GH�VFRU�� LDU�QRXD�QL�VH�YD�VRFRWL�JRO�GXSDILHFDUH�GRXD�DXWXUL�VL�GRXD�IDXOWXUL�UHDOL]DWH�$UW����)LHFDUH�JRO�PDUFDW�GH�DGYHUVDUL� VH� YD� VROGD�FX�HOLPLQDUHD�DXWRUXOXL� DFHVWXLD�GLQ� WHUHQ� SH�PRWLY� GH�GHVWDELOL]DUH� DHFKLOLEUXOXL�GH�SH�WDEHOD�GH�PDUFDM�$UW����'DFD�YD� IL� FD]XO��YRP� H[HFXWD� ORYLWXUD�GH����PHWUL�� GH� OD���PHWUL�� LDU� SRUWDUXO� ORU� YD� DSDUD� VWkQG� vQWU�R�PkQD� �SHFHDODOWD�WLQkQG�R�OD�VSDWH�FRQIRUP�XQXL�DUWLFRO�SUHFHGHQW���vQ�DIDUD�FDGUXOXL�SRUWLL�$UW����1RL�YRP�H[HFXWD�FRUQHUXO�GLQ�LQWHULRUXO�FDUHXOXL�GH���PHWUL�DGYHUV��(L�QX�O�YRU�H[HFXWD�GHORF��RIHULQGX�QH�PLQJHD�GLQVSLULW�GH�IDLU�SOD\�vQWHOHV�vQ�PRG�HURQDW�$UW����$UELWUXO�GH�FHQWUX�YD�XUPDUL�FX�DWHQWLH� MRFXO��DVWIHO� vQFkW� OD� WUHL�SDVH�FRQVHFXWLYH�OHJDWH�GH�DGYHUVDUL�YD� IOXLHUD� MRFSDVLY��DFRUGkQGX�QH�ORYLWXUD�OLEHUD�GLUHFWD�GH�OD����PHWUL�$UW����/RYLWXULOH�OLEHUH��GLUHFWH�VDX�LQGLUHFWH��OH�YRP�H[HFXWD�IDUD�]LG��ID]H�vQ�FDUH�FHL����MXFDWRUL�GH�FkPS�DL�HFKLSHL�DGYHUVHYRU� VWD� DOLQLDWL� SH� OLQLD� GH� FHQWUX� D� WHUHQXOXL� XUPDULQG� IUXPXVHWHD� ID]HL� VL� VWULJkQG� SRUWDUXOXL� ORU� GLIHULWH� H[SUHVLL� GHvQFXUDMDUH��GXSD�EXQXO�OXL�SODF�$UW����ÌQ�PLQXWXO�����DUELWUXO�SULQFLSDO�QH�YD�DFRUGD�R�ORYLWXUD�GH�SHGHDSVD�SH�FDUH��SHQWUX�VLJXUDQWD��R�YD�H[HFXWD� WRW�HO�/RYLWXUD�VH�YD�UHSHWD�SDQD�YD�vQVFULH�$UW����'XSD� vQFKHLHUHD� MRFXOXL�� HFKLSD� DGYHUVD� VH� YD� DOLQLD� vQ� IDWD� XQXL� ]LG�� 3HQWUX� FDOPDUHD� VSLULWHORU��PHPEULL� JDOHULHLQRDVWUH�YRU�DYHD�GUHSWXO�OD�XQ�QXPDU�QHOLPLWDW�GH�VXWXUL�OD�]LG��$UELWUXO�VL�REVHUYDWRUXO�8()$�YRU�DVLVWD�OD�WUDJHUL�OHJDWL�ODRFKL�VL� DVFXOWkQG� OD�FDVWL� FHOHEUXO�KLW� �(�ELQH��ELQH���� ÌQ�FD]�FD� VXWXULOH� VXQW�DQHPLFH��VH�YD� IRORVL�XQ� WDQF�FX�PXQLWLH�GHUD]ERL�3RVWIDWD,�5HJXOL�FDUH�WUHEXLH�UHVSHFWDWH�SHQWUX�D�GHYHQL�XQ�EXQ�SRYHVWLWRU�GHEDQFXUL�ÌQ�OXFUX���vQFD�,,�6FKLPEDUL�VL�DGDXJLUL�OD�DFHDVWD�FXOHJHUH�$FHDVWD�HVWH�YHUVLXQHD�����GHFL�VFKLPEDULOH�XUPHD]D�

Page 416: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

&XSULQV&8/(*(5(�'(�%$1&85,�6,�32$17(�Ì1�/,0%$�520Æ1$������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �,1)250$7,,�18�180$,�&23<5,*+7������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �,1752'8&(5(������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �,��)HQRPHQXO�URPkQHVF�DO�EDQFXOXL��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �%$1&85,/( ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �%DQFXUL�FX�DQLPDOH� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �%DQFXUL�FX�GLQR]DXUL ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �%DQFXUL�FX�IXUQLFD�VL�HOHIDQWXO ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �%DQFXUL�FX�LHSXUDVXO�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �%DQFXUL�FX�VRULFHOXO�VL�HOHIDQWXO������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ��%DQFXUL�FX�VL�GHVSUH�EHUH ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%HUHD�1RDVWUD���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��'H�FH�R�EHUH�HVWH�PDL�EXQD�GHFkW�,VXV��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��'H�FH�R�EHUH�H�PDL�EXQD�GHFkW�R�IHPHLH������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ��%DQFXUL�FX�%XOD�VL�DL�OXL�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�%XOD�OD�DUPDWD��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�%XOD�OD�VFRDOD���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�)DW�)UXPRV�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�,RQ�VL�0DULD������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�0RV�&UDFLXQ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ��%DQFXUL�FX�6FXILWD�5RVLH����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�6LU�VL�-RKQ ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�9DPSLUL������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�VL�GHVSUH�GLIHULWH�FDWHJRULL�VRFLDOH��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�DFWRUL ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�DYRFDWL��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�EkOEkLWL �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�EHWLYDQL ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�FLREDQL��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�GRFWRUL��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��%DQFXUL�FX�KRPRVH[XDOL���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�FX�GHWLQXWL������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ���%DQFXUL�FX�MXGHFDWRUL �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�FX�PDULQDUL����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�FX�PLOLWLHQL����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�FX�SHVFDUL������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�FX�YDPHVL�VL�OD�YDPD�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�FX�VL�GHVSUH�FRPSXWHU������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���9HFKLXO�7HVWDPHQW ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ���9UHL�VD�VWLL�GDFD�HVWL�EROQDY�GH�LQIRUPDWLFD"��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���6WLL�FD�DL�MXFDW�SUHD�PXOW�'RRP�GDFD��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���2�QRXD�YHUVLXQH�:LQGRZ]��'RRUV���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���'XPQH]HX�FD�SURJUDPDWRU������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ���0RWLYH�SHQWUX�FDUH�FRPSXWHUXO�DU�WUHEXL�VD�ILH�GH�JHQXO�IHPLQLQ�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���'H�FH�FRPSXWHUHOH�VXQW�PDL�EXQH�GHFkW�IHPHLOH��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���

Page 417: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

(VWL�XQ�1HW�-XQNLH�DWXQFL�FkQG����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������0DQXDO�SHQWUX�vQJULMLUHD�FDOFXODWRUXOXL���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������'DFD�*HQHUDO�0RWRUV�VL�DU�IL�GH]YROWDW�WHKQRORJLD�vQ�DFHODVL�PRG�FD�0LFURVRIW������������������������������������������������������������������6RWLD���� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7RSXO�OXFUXULORU�UHSUH]HQWDWH�GH�FDWUH�FLIUD������vQ�:LQGRZV��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������0RWLYH�SHQWUX�FDUH�:LQGRZV����QX�HVWH�XQ�YLUXV�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������:LQGRZV����VRXUFH�FRGH �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������:LQGRZV����VRXUFH�FRGH �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������0HVDMH�GH�HURDUH�DOH�:LQGRZV�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�GHVSUH�QDWLXQL�VL�UDVH �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�DOEDQH]L���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�FDQLEDOL ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�HYUHL��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�QHJULL�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�UXVL����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�VFRWLHQL����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�VRPDOH]L��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�WLJDQL�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�XQJXUL������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�SHUVRQDOLWDWL ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�%LOO�&OLQWRQ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�/DG\�'L���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�6WHIDQ�FHO�0DUH���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�6WHYLH�:RQGHU����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3RH]LRDUH����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������&HDWD�QRDVWUD�FHD�IXGXOD�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DODGD�VDGLFXOXL��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������-RDFD�FX�Q�JKHP��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������/XFHDIDUXO��� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3X LDGD ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7DUDQXO����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�SROLWLFH �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�&HDXVHVFX��(OHQD�VL�YUHPHD�ORU��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�SROLWLFLHQL�GXSD���¶���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�5DGLR�(UHYDQ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FDWHJRULVLWH�SH�UHJLXQL ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�DUGHOHQL���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�ROWHQL�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�PRORYHQL�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�VL�GHVSUH�UHOLJLH ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������'RYH]L�DOH�QDWLRQDOLWDWLL�OXL�,VXV��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������&kQG�FDGH�SDVWHOH������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�SRSL���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�6DGLFH ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�$OLQXWD����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�EHEHOXVL���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�FX�OHSURVL��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6IDWXUL�SHQWUX�R�vQPRUPkQWDUH�UHXVLWD������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFXUL�VHFL �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������%DQFX�FX�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������'LIHUHQWHOH�GLQWUH�ELURX�VL�SXVFDULH���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������'LQ�PHGLWDWLLOH�XQXL�ORFXLWRU�DO�����FDQDOXOXL��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������)HQRPHQXO�&DULWDV����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������&DUH�L�FXOPHD"����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5HJXOL�SHQWUX�IRORVLUHD�FHOXODUXOXL����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

Page 418: Culegere de Bancuri Romanesti

&XOHJHUH�GH�EDQFXUL�VL�SRDQWH�vQ�OLPED�URPkQD9HUVLXQHD����

���

3ULQ�GHVHUW ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���'LHWD�VDSWDPkQDOD�SHQWUX�FHL�FDUH�GRUHVF�VD�VL�SDVWUH]H�OLQD�VXSOD����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���&HOH�6$37(�UHSOLFL�SH�FDUH�Q�R�VD�OH�DX]LWL�QLFLRGDWD�vQ�'RVDUHOH�;�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���*KLGXO�SUHJDWLULORU�SHQWUX�SOHFDUHD�OD�PXQWH��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���$�IL�VDX�D�QX�IL���0DQDJHU�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���6WDWXWXO�&OXEXOXL�RERVLWLORU�GLQ�QDVWHUH����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���5HFODPH����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�VHFL����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���0RWLYH�GLQ�FDUH�6WDU�:DUV�H�PDL�EXQ�GHFkW�7LWDQLFXO������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���/HFWLH�GH�LVWRULH�FX�GRXD�YDFL�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���)HULWL�YD�GH����YkQDWRUXO�GH�]HVWUH�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�GHVSUH�VH[�VL�VH[H��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �����0DUWLH���(WHUQXO�IHPLQLQ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�VFXUWH�FX�EORQGH��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�OXQJL�FX�EORQGH���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���&H�IDF�IHPHLOH��GXSD�FH�DX�IDFXW�GUDJRVWH"����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�FX�IHWLWH�VL�DGROHVFHQWH����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���*KLG�GH�FRQYHUVDWLH�VRW�VRWLH �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���8Q�PLF�JKLG�LQWHUQ�DO�YRFDEXODUXOXL�PDVFXOLORU���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���&HO����GH�WLSXUL�GH�EDUEDWL�SH�FDUH�vL�vQWkOQHVWL�OD�SLVRDU��vQ�:&�XULOH�SXEOLFH������������������������������������������������������������������ ���%DQFXUL�FX�VRDFUH�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�FX�VSHUPDWR]RL]L�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�FX�SDVWLOD�PLQXQH�9LDJUD�VDX�FX�DFHHDVL�WHPD����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�FX�VSRULYL�VL�GHVSUH�VSRUW ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���%DQFXUL�FX�ER[HUL�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���1RXO�UHJXODPHQWXO�8()$�DSOLFDW�HFKLSHORU�URPkQHVWL�vQ�FXSHOH�HXURSHQH���������������������������������������������������������������������� ���3267)$7$���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���,�5HJXOL�FDUH�WUHEXLH�UHVSHFWDWH�SHQWUX�D�GHYHQL�XQ�EXQ SRYHVWLWRU�GH�EDQFXUL������������������������������������������������������������ ���,,�6FKLPEDUL�VL�DGDXJLUL�OD�DFHDVWD�FXOHJHUH ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���&835,16 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���