Cuoc Doi Ton Gia Muc Kien Lien - Hellmuth Hecker - Nguyen Dieu Dich

8/3/2019 Cuoc Doi Ton Gia Muc Kien Lien - Hellmuth Hecker - Nguyen Dieu Dich

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Cuc i Tn Gi MC KIN LINTc gi: HELLMUTH HECKER

Dch gi: NGUYN IU---o0o---Ngun

http://www.quangduc.comChuyn sang ebook 14-8-2009

Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected] Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc LcLi ni u1- THI NIN THIU2- DU PHNG TM O3- TM RA CHN L

4- TINH TN THEO LI PHT DY5- NHNG THANH VN XUT SC6- NHNG NG GP CA HAI V I T7- THN THNG CA MAHA MOGGALLANA8- TIN KIP CA MAH( MOGGALL(NA9- NHNG NGY CUI CNG CA MAH( MOGGALL(NA10- KT THC CUC IPHT NGN

---o0o---Li ni u

T lu, ti hng tm nguyn c dp phin dch hay bin son lch sca nhng v i t ca c Pht, nht l cc ngi X-li-pht(Sriputta), Mc-kin-lin (Mah Moggallna), A-nan (Ananda) Ca-dip(Kassapa), u-b-li (Upli) v.v... Nhng rt tic tm c ti liu y c kt cuc i ca cc v Thnh Tng y khng phi l chuyn d.

Duyn may, khi cn trong nc, ti dch c quyn Cuc i cX-li-pht m son gi l ngi Nyna Ponika. V by gi hi ngoi tili cn duyn lnh nhn c cun Mah Moggallna (i Mc-kin-lin)ca Hellmuth Hecker do b Trn Vn Bch mang tng.

Ti mo mui phin dch cun sch ny ra Vit ng cng hin chPht t bn phng nht l nhng ai mun tm hiu cuc i ca cc v i
http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Thuyet%20Phap/Bo%20Tat/http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Thuyet%20Phap/Bo%20Tat/


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t Pht. Khi din gii t mt th ting ny ra mt th ting khc, c bitl trong lnh vc tn gio, ti t cm thy trnh hc Pht cn yu km, do trnh sao khi nhng s st. Ngng mong ch v hin gi b tc cho,ngi dch xin chn thnh cm t!

Dch gi cng xin chia u phn phc thanh cao ny n tt c qu thnhu, o hu, nhng ngi khuyn khch, cung cp ti liu, tip tay nhmy v ng h n tng, xin cho qu v y B- tm kin c v chng tc o qu gii thot.

Ngoi ra dch gi cn xin hin dng mt phn phc phin dch ny ntt c chng sanh, nht l song thn v Thy T ca dch gi ang mtcnh gii no .

Nguyn cho tt c nhn loi ng oan tri ln nhau v mi ngy mi gimthiu ci kh!

Paris thng 3/1988

Dch gi

Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato

Samma(sambuddhassa.


Samma(sambuddhassa.


Samma(sambuddhassa.

Chng con, ton th nhng Pht t thnh knh:


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nh l Pht Bo, Ngi l bc Ton tri Diu gic, v lng t bi, tmra con ng gii thot.

nh l Php Bo, l nhng li vng ngc, c hiu nng cu chngsanh.

nh l Tng Bo, nhng bc gng mu, sng i sng thanh tnhtrong hng t chng.

Thnh knh nh l c Mc-kin-lin (Mah Moggallna), mt i Sa-mn, mt i t Pht, sng i sng Phm hnh, c kh nng ch trongnhy mt, thy r mun vn chiu v tr, l bc Thng tha ca cc loi

Thn thng, c th nhn xuyn qua dng thi gian bit ht t vng sanh dittrong cc ci tri.

(Thergth 1181: Tn Tc K Ngn, cu 1181)

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1- THI NIN THIU

Trong mt ngi lng nh, gn th vng quc Ma-kit- (Magadha,nay thuc tiu bang Bihar, n ), thu xa c mt a b cho i, t tnl Kolita Moggalla(na. a b y sau ny l i c Mc-kin-lin (MahMoggallna).

Kolita Moggalla(na thuc ging di Mudgala, tc l Thin vn gia.Theo ng cn th danh t Moggalla(na pht ngun t ch Mudgala (mtging di chuyn nghin cu Thin vn hc rt c).

Ngi lng ca Kolita khng ng dn ngho , m hu nh ch dnh chonhng i tc B-la-mn c ng. Thn sinh Kolita vn l con mt ging hdanh gi, v a s cc chc sc cao cp trong lng thuc ging h ny.


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L cng t xut thn t mt giai cp cao qu v thuc ging di cmi ngi tn knh, ph thn ca Kolita thu y chng khc no Tiuvng.

Bi th Kolita ln ln trong mt khung cnh sang trng khng thiu thnbt c mn g. Cu b Kolita y c gio dc hon ton theo truynthng B-la-mn gio, mt truyn thng cn c vo lut Nhn qu, da trntt c nhng hnh ng. D nhin l truyn thng gio dc y cao s tintng c mt i sng ny phi ty thuc vo nhng nghi l cng bi hngngy.

Gia nh Kolita c mt mi thm giao c bit vi mt gia nh B-la-mn khc ngi lng bn cnh. Vo ngy Kolita cho i, gia nh B-la-mn kia cng n mng s n sanh mt a b trai khc t tn l Upatissa

(sau ny l ngi X-li-pht).

C hai cu b lc khn ln tr thnh i bn rt thn, khng ai c thtch ri chng c. Lm bt c vic g, c hai cng ng tnh vi nhau, khichi a cng nh khi bun chn. Ngi ta thy cu b Kolita u l cngthy cu b Upatissa . Tnh bn ca i thiu nin kia khng nhng ch

bn chc thu thiu thi, m cn ko di n trn i, khi c hai ngoi tmmi tui.

c im l i bn y chng bao gi bt ng kin, cng chng baogi c mt s him khch d l nh nht, ngay c trong trng hp gpchuyn kh x hay bt bnh.

Tuy nhin, tnh tnh hai cu b khc hn nhau. Trong khi Upatissa l mtngi xng xo, mnh dn v tho vt, th Kolita li l mt thanh nin rt

bo th, v ch bit gn gi, pht trin nhng g c. V li, v tr ca ibn tr trong hai gia nh cng hon ton chnh lch. Kolita l con c vcng l con mt, th Upatissa li c ba ngi anh v ba ngi ch. Nhngtnh bn i thanh nin ny rt su m, su m n m c hai dng

nh khng ngh n n gii, mc d vi tui thanh xun y nha sng vkhng thiu ht mt mn g.

Mi thanh nin c mt s thuc h ty tng vui chi, hc hi v rnluyn th xc cng nh tinh thn. Khi thng ngon v th thao trn nhngdng sng th nhm Kolita ci nga, v nhm Upatissa dng kiu. Ngha l


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hai thanh nin y, cng khng trnh khi ci thi thanh nin m chm trongsang giu v nha sng.

Ti Vng X thnh (Rajgaha), th x Ma-kit- (Magadha) hngnm c mt k hi rt linh nh, gi l Hi Sn Thn (trc t l thn ni,sau dn chng c mt dp lin hoan vui th). D nhin i thanh nincng t ny cng c mi tham d.

Ban t chc dnh cho h gh ngi danh d, t Kolita v Upatissa cth mc kch d dng ton b khung cnh trnh din. i thanh nin civang trc cc mn thch th v cng khch ng trc nhng hi gay cn.Kh nng din xut ca cc ti t qu lm cho c hai say m, say m n m h nhn li n thng thc tip ngy hi ch th ba. Nhng trongngy sau ny, khi vn ngh bng chuyn sang nhng bi kch t bit sanh ly

gia cuc i v huyn thoi cu ri, i bn bt thn khng tm thy caoim l th na. Mc d nghe xng ngn vin hng hn tuyn bchng trnh hp dn ca ngy th ba, h vn khng cm thy th v.

V trong m th hai y, i bn Kolita v Upatissa trn trc khng angic. Nhng hnh nh trong hai ngy qua c m nh i thanh nin. Trongkhi thao thc, Kolita suy ngh: Cc cnh tng m ta nhn thy hich s cho ta bi hc g? C g xng ng hn cho ta ngi xem khng?C tiu khin nh th, ta s thu thp li ch no hay ch trong mt thi gianna, chnh nhng ti t y quyn r kia s gi yu. H s tr thnh chnhnhng nhn vt trong bi kch m h ng. Ri ci cht s bt h t gi cii, v tip tc cuc hnh trnh sanh dit bt tn do lng kht vng ca hch ng? Ri chng ta cng th! Nhng ti t ny khng gip ni chnh hgii quyt vn sanh t th hng g h c th thc tnh c ai tm ra conng gii thot? Xem th, chng ta ph ung thi gian m thi, thay v phitm ra con ng gii thot!.

Upatissa cng th, sau ngy hi ch th hai v, m y chng khng tino nhm mt c. Nhng tng tng t nh Kolita cng n vi

chng. Upatissa suy t rt nhiu v nhng b n v huyn thoi c m ttrong bi kch c lin quan n ci thc t ti sanh (Lun hi) v nhng thvui gi to lun lun che kn bn cht kh au bng cch ngy trang chocuc i hin ti mt ci g kch thch ngi ta hng th hn l quan tmn tng lai, n mt kip sng khc. Upatissa t t cu hi: Phi chngs vui th gi to ny l nguyn nhn lm cho mi ngi khng nhn ra onh v tm ti trc s tht?.


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Vo sng ngy th ba, khi c hai n d cuc l Kolita lin hi Upatissa:

Bn chc c iu g bn tm? Sao bn khng vui v nh trc?

Upatissa thnh tht tr li:

Ti t hi cc khoi lc trong m thanh v cnh sc ny c ch li g?Nhng th y qu tht v ngha v khng gi tr. iu ng cho ti philm l cn tm kim mt con ng gii thot, gii thot khi s tn phkhc nghit ca lut V thng, tm kim mt cch thot ly khi nhng tintng khng tht v s sng, mt th hin tng y gi to, m ai tr thnhnn nhn s ri vo trong h su thm thm, hay i mi trn mt vng trnv ngha? y chnh l iu ln vn trong u c ti v bt ti phi suy

ngh! Nhng cn bn, ny Kolita! Bn r rng l cng ang t duy mt cig khc ch khng cn vui v?

Kolita tr li:

Nhng iu bn va by t cng chnh l tm s ca ti! Ti sao chngta phi ngi y chng kin nhng cnh tng bt lnh gi to? Chng ta

phi tm kim mt con ng dn n s thanh khit, bnh an!

Khi Upatissa nghe r s th l mi bn khon ca ngi bn thn, chngrt vui mng lin tn thnh:

y l mt ngh rt tt p pht sanh n chng ta mt cch tnhin, khng c thnh kin no chi phi c! Vy thay v chng ta ung phmt i rng buc vi nhng hng th v ch, chng ta th dc lng tmkim mt gio l gip chng ta tm ra con ng gii thot. V thc hin,chng ta phi t b nh ca v ca ci tr thnh k v gia nh, i hnhhng khp bn phng tri, khng nhng khoi lc vt cht rng buc,t do thnh thi tm o, nh con chim ngn ct cnh!

K t i thanh nin quyt nh sng mt cuc sng i o s (Gingnh ngy nay chng ta thy vn cn mt s tu s du phng trn khp ccno ng nc n tm kim mt Tn s, mt Guru (ting n cngha l Thy dt dn mnh tu theo mt s nguyn no ).


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Khi Kolita v Upatissa by t quyt nh ca mnh n nhng thuc hty tng, nhng thanh nin xu hng u chp thun, v hu ht tham giavo chuyn trng chinh tm o y. Nhng thanh nin thuc h ca Kolitav Upatissa cng thot ly gia nh, thot b si dy giai cp ca B-la-mn([1]) m h hng eo trn ngi, ct tc, co ru, ri mc vi s mu t,mt th thng phc ca nhng kht s du phng. Tt c cng dp qua mt

bn nhng biu hin phn bit giai cp v nhng c quyn ca gia tc B-la-mn gio, bc vo cuc i v giai cp ca nhng o s.

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2- DU PHNG TM O

Mt trng hp k l l khi y Thi t S-t-ta (Siddhattha) vng li vuacha ci v, tc Ngi bc sang giai on th hai ca kip cht lm ngi.

Kolita v Upatissa b li sau lng s hng th th gian bt u cuci du s thanh tnh ni tm v tm o gii thot. Cng vi hai nhm tytng, h m ra mt giai on em mnh tu luyn di s ch dy ca mts Tn s. Tng t nh c B-tt lm sau vi nm v Kiu-trn-nh(Pa(nca Kondanna), trc khi Ngi c o thnh Pht.

Thu y, c n c nhiu Gio ch nu ln nhiu trit hc khc nhau.Mt s ch trng hn thuyt v o c (o c l s v ch) mt s khc cao thuyt nh mnh, v mt s khc truyn b t tng Duy vt.

i bn Kolita v Upatissa nhn thy s sai lm ca nhng gio thuytnh th, nn chng bao lu khng mng tm nghin cu na.

Tuy nhin, ti Vng X thnh (Ra(jagaha), c mt Gio ch tng ing hc hi. ng tn l Sanjaya. Theo lch s n th ng chnh l

Sanjaya Belat(t(haputta c ghi trong Kinh in Pht gio, tc l mttrong su v Gio ch ln nht ng thi (cn gi l Lc s) ngoi tr cPht.

i bn Kolita v Upatissa dn hai nhm ty tng n th gio vi ngta v lm cho danh ting ca Sanjaya tr thnh vang di.


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Trit hc ca Sanjaya l g, s sch v Kinh in khng ghi r. Khi khocu chng ta ch thy mt s t tng cn bn ca Sanjaya c nhc li,m i vi tr thc n thu by gi, c th gi l y gip h hiuthu trng tm thuyt l Sanjaya.

Khng nh cc Gio ch khc, nhng ngi nu ln mt s l thuytv tn iu nht nh v mt s vn lm tiu chun, Sanjaya ging dyci m ng gi l Nhng bin chng su xa nht bng mt phng phpd hiu hn.

ng da vo bn cu hi:

1- C mt th gii khc ngoi ci th gian phm tnh hay khng?

2- Sau khi tan r xc thn, mt ngi c th t ng sanh ra mt kipmi nh tm hn trong sch khng?

3- Bt c hnh ng no, xu hay tt m con ngi lm trong kipsng ny c mang li hu qu g trong kip sau khng? Nu c th s thng

pht s nh th no v s phn ca nhng ngi y s tip tc ra sao?

4- Mt bc hon ton trong sch, sau khi cht s tr thnh ci g? Lmsao c th chng minh c trng thi vnh vin ca mt bc hon tontrong sch?

H khi mt trong nhng cu hi nh th c cc t tng gia c n t ra l Sanjaya lin p li bng mt trong bn cch tr li sau y:

* Xc nhn.

* Ph nhn.

* Mt phn xc nhn mt phn ph nhn.

* Khng xc nhn cng khng ph nhn.

Tuy nhin, Gio ch Sanjaya cn b tc thm rng: i vi nhng cuhi nh th mt trong bn cch tr li ca ng, khng c cch no c xeml gii php xng ng, v nhng cu hi nh vy l nhng cu hi hmcha mu thun hai chiu khng th gii quyt c (Nh nguyn mu


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thun). Do , tt hn mt hc gi ch nn phn xt v nhng vn nhth.

y chng ta c th rng bn lun c ngy bin Tng ngnghch l (hay Nh nguyn mu thun) tm thy trong Kinh in Pa(li(Majjhima Nika(ya: Trung A Hm, on s 63), ch c lun c s bn l cch tng ng vi l thuyt Sanjaya, ngha l lun c c lin quan nNhng g s xy ra cho mt ng Ton thin sau khi cht.

Trong khi nhng Gio ch, o s khc bnh vc mt trong bn cch ngybin duy l trn nh l mt gii php ca trng phi h (nh ng, khngng, ng v khng ng, va ng va khng ng) th Sanjaya khng mnh vng vo bt c ci no trong bn lun c !

c bit l ng khng mnh b mc kt gia s xc nhn khng thchng minh c v l thuyt c tnh cch tn iu. Chng hn nh c mts Gio ch dng khoa hc thc nghim xc nhn rng ngoi th gii vtcht, khng c th gii v hnh, khng c Thin chng, khng c nh lutnhn qu, khng c s ti sanh sau khi cht. Nh thi m ng trthnh khc hn nhng Gio ch ng thi.

Ni cch khc l ng ch trng rng: i vi nhng vn khng ththng gii, mt Gio ch nn gi thi Trnh n mt cch v t v ng

bao gi v cho thnh kin thin v xc nhn hay bc b d trn lthuyt. Do , chng ta c th thy rng Sanjaya c v vng vng trn

phng din ngy bin, v dng nh ng mun ha chuyn ci thuytT duy nghim chng ra thnh thuyt Bt kh tri lun. Ngha l ngging nh nhng nh C th hc ngy nay v nhng iu ng thuyt ra biul t tng Hin sinh bin chng hn l Duy l bin chng.

Vua Bnh-sa (Bimbisa(ra) ca vng quc Ma-kit- (Magadha) thu yc ln thut li vi c Pht cuc m thoi gia nh vua vi o sSanjaya nh sau:

Mt hm khi trm n thm Gio ch Sanjaya thuc ging hBelat(t(ha v hi: Tha Gio ch ngi c th k cho trm nghe mt qu phcnhn tin ca i sng o hnh kip ny khng?

Sanjaya lin tr li vng vo rng: Tu i vng, nh i vng bit, i vi cu hi phi chng c mt th gii khc ngoi th gian ny, ti


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tr li nu ti ngh l c th ti ni c! Nhng ti khng ni nh thngha l ti ngh khng th ph nhn v y l s tht. Ti khng ngh hayni khc hn c. Ti li cng khng ph nhn n na. Tm li l ti vnkhng ni c hay khng c mt th gii khc ngoi th gii ny, th by gicu hi i vng v qu phc nhn tin ca mt o s, hay kt qu canhng hnh ng xu v tt trong kip ny, hoc ng Ton thin s trthnh ci g sau khi cht trong bt c phn no ca cu hi, ti cng s trli nh trc!

Tc l, Bch c Th Tn, o s Sanjaya thuc ging Belat(t(hatrc cu hi v qu phc nhn tin, v li ch ca s tu hnh ca trm, tm mi cch ni quanh co, khng tr li r rng vy. (Theo Digha Nikya:Trng A Hm, Vn truyn s 2 do T. W. Rhys Davids dch)

Nhng Kolita v Upatissa, thu y cha tm ra mt Tn s no gii hn,nn phi n Sanjaya, v ngh rng t lm quan im Trit hc ca ngcng c mt sc thi ng nghe hn nhng g ca cc Gio ch khc, nn hn nhn ng lm thy.

Nhng sau mt thi gian ngn, c hai nhn thy Sanjaya s chng png c nguyn ca h: Mt phng php cha tr au kh v phin no.

Ngoi ra, i bn cn linh cm chc chn phi c mt s sng khc ngoikip sng trn gian ny, phi c nhng chng sanh ch c hn m khng cth xc (nh ch Thin chng hn). Cng i su vo th gii v hnh, shiu bit ca h dng nh vt khi tm hc thc ca v Gio ch thuctrng phi hoi nghi.

Ri mt hm n, Sanjaya bng tuyn b nhng t u t nht ca ng ti sanh ln ci tri ny ci tri n (Sam(yutta Nikya 44,9: Tp A Hm,on 44,9). iu ny hon ton mu thun vi tiu chun hoi nghi ca ng.

V vy, mt hm i bn Kolita v Upatissa n gn Sanjaya v hi ng

rng: Phi chng ng cn nhng gio thuyt b mt cha dy, khc vinhng g m c hai hc?. Sanjaya tr li: Ch c th v hai t hc ht gio thuyt ca ta ri!.

Nghe th, i bn tm o khng th lm g khc hn l quyt nh t giSanjaya, tip tc con ng tm chn l. i thanh nin ngh rng v muncu s gii thot m h mi thot ly gia nh, ch mc ch ca h khng


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phi l hc hi ngh thut n trnh nhng vn Bt kh tri lun mtcch v ch.

Th l ln th hai, i bn li phi ti din cuc i du phng tm o.Ln ny h bt k thi gian, ln li xuyn qua c nc n , t Bc ti

Nam, t ng sang Ty. H sn sng chu ng ci ngt ngt ca bi ngnng chi v ci nng nh thiu t ca mt qu hng nhit i. H dmma di gi v nhiu khi cng khai tuyn b vi nhng b hnh l do tmo ca h:

Chng ta l nn nhn ca sanh, gi, bnh, cht, nn nhn ca bun ru,than tic au kh, phin no v tuyt vng. Chng ta l nn nhn ca trmlun. Chng ta kin tr i tm o gii thot th chc chn cui cng chng tacng s khm ph ra c nguyn nhn ca nhng au kh y! (Majjhima

Nikya No 28: Trung A Hm s 28)

D nhin l trong khi du phng tm o nh vy Kolita v Upatissa gp nhiu o s B-la-mn l nhng nh thng thi ting tm, i thanhnin tm o khng trnh c nhiu cuc tho lun si ni v tn gio,v Tin Thnh, v thin ng, v a ngc, v ngha s sng, v conng gii thot. Nhng nh tr thng minh him c cng vi ngh thut

bin lun Bt kh tri nghim hc c ca Sanjaya, i bn Kolita vUpatissa mau chng nhn ra s v l trong ci hc m h ca nhng nhthng thi ny. Trong khi khng c mt Gio ch no kh nng giithng nhng cu hi su xa ca h th i thanh nin ny li c th ng imt cch d dng khi b cht vn.

Khng s sch no ni r l Kolita v Upatissa, sau Sanjaya, i thgio vi ai, nhng chc chn i thanh nin y lm sao trnh khi gp nhngnh thn b hc nh Tin tri Ba(va(ri, mt ngi c c thn lc rtcao, hoc gp hai v Thin s thuc trng phi Siu th V bin lun.Chnh c B-tt cng mt thi gian lm mn trng phi ny.

Theo nhng s liu lin quan n i sng ca h th i bn Kolita vUpatissa khng gt hi c g nhiu vi cc danh s ny trong vic tuthin hng n chng ng gii thot, ging nh c B-tt tng tc khi cn lm mn thin phi ny.

Chng ta th tm hiu nguyn nhn vn y; c hai khuynh hng chok tm o hay tu tp. Mt l t c an n ni tm v thanh tnh tinh thn


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bng cch tin su vo Thin nh (Sama(dhi), hai l tm kim mt giothuyt r rng, thng gii c mi kha cnh ca s sng, bao gm c gitr hay ngha ca thin nh.

Hu ht nhng k t c an tr tm hn bng thin nh thng b dngli khng th tin mnh n cu cnh. Bi h mt khi lt vo trongs vi diu ca qu thin, h hng nhm tng mnh n ch gii thot.V d qu thin c cao siu c no i na, Cc lc Hu bin y cng chko di ti mt s thin nin kip m thi (i vi loi ngi th gi l ikip), sau nh phc cng phi tn lc, tr thin tm ca k c nhtr li trong ci vng sanh t nh trc.

Trong tin kip, iu ny hn xy ra nhiu ln n c B-tt (tinthn Pht Thch Ca) cng nh n Kolita v Upatissa. Mc d trn kip ny,

i bn y khng nh li nhng hng th thin lc nh th, nhng dngnh trc gic vn khin h hiu rng thin nh v qu thin khng phi lci ch cui cng, m ch l mt s gii thot tm thi trong ci vng aukh trin min m thi.

Bi vy, nguyn vng trc tin ca h l phi tm ra ng Gii thot chr ci Nguyn nhn ni tip sanh dit, ch r ti sao Tm v Vt b ctcht vi nhau trong ci vng sanh t phc tp ny! Nhng s lm sng t ykhng th thc hin c nu khng gp mt v Pht. Mt ng Gic ng!Cho nn h phi tip tc hnh trnh, tip tc cho n khi bc chn tm odn dt h n mt ng Pht T.

Vo nhng thi xa xa, khng c c Pht xut hin, cng phu tm ogii thot ca h thng bt thnh, v h ch ti a tm ra mt php mnthin nh no , t tp, c thin, hng lc, ri sau cng khng cn nhthin nh.

Nhng ng c tm o ca h trong kip ny vn l Ting gi tmlinh chnh h khng ct ngha ni, khin h khng th ngi yn trc

khi gp c Pht.

ng thi khi y c Pht li bt u ln bnh xe Php (Dhammacakka) cu chng sanh. V cng trnh tm o ca Kolita v Upatissa phichuyn vo giai on cht.


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im cn nhn mnh y l gi s trong khi y c B-tt cha thnhPht, ang tinh tn thc hnh i nguyn, dng thin nh tng thunthc thu thiu thi, tin v cnh ca gic ng, th i bn Kolita vUpatissa cng khng th nh thin nh tm ra nc thang gii thot cao hn.Bi h cha bao gi tri qua cao im tu thin nh c Pht tng bcqua, v h cng khng c tim lc t mnh gii thot nh c Pht.

y l chng ngi vi t nht i vi cc hng Thanh-vn gic! Chng tac th gi chng ngi ny l Ranh gii gia Cc lc v au kh, l Hoquang ca cc bc tng an tr che khut cnh ca gii thot. Ngoi tr

bc Ton gic, ai n gn ho quang y ph lc y cng dng li. Nhngi bao nm thng tri git tm li c ngi nh c, nhng ch ngitrc ca, cm thy sung sng mt thi gian ri quay lng b i. ng lh phi vt ho quang bc vo trong ngi nh gii thot y th hnh gi

li lm ci vic ngh chn ca nhng k qua ng. Sau h li khihnh vo mt hng lun hi khc.

Nhng trng hp ca Kolita v Upatissa th khc. i Thanh-vn gictng lai ny lc nh hai tm gng phn chiu. H cht thy h phinh n c Pht. V ch c bc Gic ng mi c th ch cho h cch bcqua khi ci mn ho quang, bc ra khi ci vng ln qun, ci vng chac kh au ln cc lc m trong qu kh h nhiu ln n im cht, rili b i.

---o0o---

3- TM RA CHN L

Lc y, Kolita v Upatissa hon ton khng bit rng c c Pht. H tnhin t b i sng ca hai o s du phng v quay v qu hng Ma-kit- (Magadha) ca h, sau khong hai mi nm rng r lang thang tmo.

iu ny xy ra khng lu, sau khi c Pht bt u Chuyn php lun(Thuyt php ln th nht) ti vn Lc Gi (Isipatana Migada(ya),Bnares.

Tuy nhin, i bn Kolita v Upatissa vn cha t b hy vng tm ra nggii thot. Sau khi tr li qu nh, h quyt nh chia tay nhau, mi ngi i


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mt hng hy vng gp i s tm o nh th, may ra sm c kt qu. Chai cng c hn vi nhau rng ai tm ra con ng bt t trc s lp tcthng bo cho ngi kia.

Khi y, c Kolita v Upatissa khong bn mi tui, v nhm lc cPht va cho php on t u tin i truyn b chn l. on Nh Lais gi y, gm su mi v, tt c l nhng Thnh nhn. Mc ch onThnh Tng ny l i ban b gio l an lnh v tin ha trong nhn loi.

Cn c Pht, Ngi ch thn n thnh Vng X (Ra(jagaha) tip v vua nc Ma-kit- (Magadha) tn l Bimbisa(ra (Bnh-sa vng) vnhn lnh ngi cha Trc Lm (Velu-vana Viha(ra) do vua dng cng. Phtang c mt ti ngi cha ny th Kolita v Upatissa va quay v thnhVng X, tm thi ng trong vin ca Sanjaya.

Mt hm, Upatissa ra ng ph, cn Kolita nh. Cht chng thyngi bn thn tr v vi v mt v cng hn h m t xa n gi, chngcha bao gi nhn thy. Phong ca Upatissa lc y hon ton khc hn:trang nghim v rng r!

Kolita lp tc hi:

Ny bn! V mt bn tht tha mn, dung nghi bn rt trong sng, phichng bn tm ra con ng gii thot?

Upatissa tr li:

ng nh th, tha bn! Php gii thot khi s cht c khm ph.

Ri Upatissa thut li rng: Trn con ng ph chng gp mt v Sa-mn phong cch rt t ti. V Sa-mn ny lm cho chng pht sanh lngkinh cm, ri chng khng ngn ngi hi v Sa-mn xem Tn s ngi l ai.Sa-mn y chnh l Trng lo Assaji mt trong nhng v t u tin ca

c Pht v cng l mt trong su mi v Thnh A-la-hn. Trng loAssaji cn xc nhn rng ngi ch l mt t ca v i s thuc ging hThch Ca.

Khi Upatissa yu cu Sa-mn Assaji ban b gio l th ngi ni rng ngikhng th thuyt php c nhiu, v ngi mi th C tc gii my thng.


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V ngi ch tit l ngi va hc c bn s tht su sa (T diu ) mngoi bc Gic ng ra, phm nhn khng th no qun trit.

Nhng Upatissa lin cu khn ngi ch dy cho, d mt phn tinh yucng cho mnh phng ra mi o.

Trng lo Assaji nghim trang nhc li mt k ngn ca c Pht rng:

Ye Dhamma( Hetupabha(va(,

Tesam( Hetum( Tatha(gat(a(ha,

Tesam( Yo Nirodho

Evam Va(di Maha(samano( ti

Dch:

Php no c nhn y,

Bc Gic ng thy r nhn,

Ngi cng tm ra con ng dit qu.

y l gio l ca cc bc i Sa-mn

K ngn ny sau khi c c Pht tht ra tr thnh cu ni gi trngio l gii thot, v tr thnh trit hc cn bn ca o Pht xuyn qua baonhiu th k.

Upatissa nghe c k ngn y lin c Php nhn (Dhamma Cakkhu)trong tm thc chng qu Nhp lu, Tu-a-hon (Sota(patti).

Ri khi chng thut li cho Kolita nghe, ngi y cng chng qu tngt. Ngha l c hai cng gic ng rng Bt c ci g sanh ra u phi tan

bin.

S thy r chn l do bi k ny soi sng, qu tht l mt bin c k diu.i vi chng ta ngy nay, bn cu k ngn trn y khng th thng httm thc si m, nn chng ta nghe m cng cha trc nhn c ngha


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no. Chiu su v chiu rng ca cu Pht ngn y, ch c th biu hin ivi nhng ai tng nhiu kip tu tp hnh t b nhng dc lc tm b i, v hng rn luyn tr tu thy r l v thng (lun lun chi phi binhn duyn iu kin) v chng thc o bt sanh t.

Hn na, cu k ngn ny vn c tc dng k diu i vi nhng ai tr tu chn mui, v tng thun thc trong php qun xt cc php hnh thucnhn duyn iu kin. Cng thm i bn Upatissa v Kolita sn sngtm thc n nhn Php bo, nn k ngn do Trng lo Assaji tht ra Nhmt git nc rt vo chn nc y.

S chng qu Nhp lu Tu--hon (Sota(patti) t ng pht hin, khincho ngi nghe thy r gii thot Nit-bn, vt khi nhng sanh nimthng tnh m thn cht lc no cng chi phi.

Ch trong mt nh lo, Php nhn bng sng, tr thc gic ng pht sanh,h thy r l bt sanh bt dit!

n y cng cn nhc li rng ba v i t thn cn nht ca c Phtl A-nan- (Ananda), X-li-pht (Upatissa Sriputta) v Mc-kin-lin(Mah Moggallna) c qu Nhp lu (Tu--hon) khng phi nh nghePhp bo t ca ming c Pht, m t cc Sa-mn tha truyn Pht gio:Ananda th do thy T , mt Thnh A-la-hn tn l Punna Manta(niputta,Upatissa Sariputta (X-li-pht) th do Trng lo Assaji, cn KolitaMoggalla(na (Mc-kin-lin) th do ngi bn va c qu Tu--hon,cha t ti Thnh qu A-la-hn (m ch Upatissa - X-li-pht).

c th t ti mt s gic ng k diu nh th, Kolita Moggalla(naphi c mt nim tin ni tr tu ca bn thn ln nim tin trong chn l vcng vng chc. V l d nhin iu l mt s tht, khng cn nghi ngna!

Nghe xong k ngn y nhim mu y Kolita Moggalla(na lin hi ni c

ng ca c Bn S, ng Ton gic. Khi nghe Upatissa thut l Pht tiTrc Lm Tnh x (Jetavana Viha(ra) cch khng xa, Kolita Moggalla(nalin t mun n yt kin c Thng S lp tc.

Nhng Upatissa trm tnh ngh: Ny bn! Trc tin chng ta nn ngp thy Sanjaya v thng bo cho ng bit chng ta tm ra o bt t. Nuthy y hu duyn, thy cng s bc vo nh sng chn l nh chng ta.


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l mt cch chng ta t lng bit n thy mt thi cho chng ta hco. Cn nu thy cha pht hin c duyn th thy s suy ngh li, bit usau ny thy s nh chng ta a n ra mt c Pht. Chng khi nghePhp bo ni kim khu ng Ton gic, thy s chc chn chng c oqu.

Sau i bn n gp Gio ch Sanjaya v ni rng:

Tha thy, thy hay chng c mt bc Ton gic xut hin trn i,ang ban b Chnh php lm cho nhng mn ca Ngi sng mt isng trong sch, gii thot? Mi thy hy cng chng ti n yt kin ngTon gic!.

Nhng Gio ch Sanjaya khng quan tm n nhng li yu cu chn

thnh ca hai ngi t. Ngc li ng cn khuyn d Kolita Moggallnav Upatissa lnh o nhng ty tng c ca mnh lp ra mt trng phimi, ngang hng vi ng.

Nu i bn ny chp thun, h s tr thnh nhng bc Tn s, th hngoai danh ca cc hng Gio ch.

Nhng Kolita Moggallna v Upatissa by t lng dt khot, khngcn mun dnh mc vi bt c danh v g trong ci i, d cho cao c nu i na.

i bn tr thc nhiu ln lp li quyt tm cui cng khng laychuyn ca h, v thy c y thy rng chng cn cch no lung lc ch na.

Rt cuc Gio ch Sanjaya nh chu tht vng. ng rt kh tm trcs ra i ca hai t xut sc ny. ng bun bc la ln rng:

Ta khng th lm c! Ta khng th lm c! Ta l mt bc Tn

s t bao nhiu nm qua. Ta c ng o tn . Ta khng th tr thnhhng t! Nh th chng khc no ta em ci h rng ln i ly mt vngnc cht hp tm thng!

Nht thi tm hn ng b xung t gia hai c vng: c vng t cThnh qu v c vng mun hng th a v cao sang. V c vng th


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hai (thun vi lng ham mun) thng th, khin ng hon ton bt chpnhng li khuyn ca i t thng thi.

Thu y, Sanjaya c khong nm trm mn . Khi nhng mn nyhay tin Kolita Mog-galla(na v Upatissa quyt nh n quy y Pht, tt cng lot mun i theo. Mt na s y suy ngh Ri y Sanjaya s cnli mt mnh nn khng n, ch i mt on ng, ri quay tr li.

Nhng mun, Gio ch Sanjaya trc cnh mt ht mn , li bphin no, tht vng ln hoang mang cng pht, nn ut c hc mu tim cht.

---o0o---

4- TINH TN THEO LI PHT DY

By gi, i bn Upatissa v Kolita Mog-galla(na ang dn u hai trmnm mi mn hng v pha Trc Lm tinh x (Veluvaana Viha(ra).

Khi y, c Pht ang thuyt php gia hng Tng chng. Ngi thy ibn t xa i ti, lin ni rng:

Ny ch T-kheo! Hai ngi sp n kia tn l Kolita Moggalla(na v

Upatissa, l hai nh tr thc. H s l nhng i t u t ca Nh Lai. Hl mt i bn phc duyn song ton.

Lc n gn, Kolita Moggalla(na v Upa-tissa ng knh cn l bi cTh Tn. H chp i bn tay nng cao ngang trn v ci ly tn bn chnc Pht, ri c hai cng ni:

Ly ng Ton gic! Xin Ngi cho php chng con gia nhp Pht giov c nhn lnh y phm hnh xut gia trong hng Tng chng.

c Th Tn lin phn rng:

Hy n! Nh Lai cng b qu v s l nhng Sa-mn, s sng i oc thanh tnh chm dt phin no.


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Nhng li tuyn ngn trn ca c Pht chnh l s Ban b phm v T-kheo khng nhng ch cho i bn Kolita Moggalla(na v Upatissa, mlun c cho nhng ty tng ca h na.

V k t Upatissa c gi l Sriputta (X-li-pht) c ngha l ngicon trai ca b Sri (Sri c phin m l X-li, Putta c phin m lPht. V Putta ngha l con, nn c khi Sriputta c dch l X-li t).Sri l tn ca m ngi. Cn Kolita Moggalla(na c gi l MahMoggallna (i Mc-kin-lin) c ngha l con ln ca ging hMoggalla(na.

Sau khi tt c c c Pht ban b php xut gia y , trn haitrm nm mi tn T-kheo cn c nghe c Th Tn thuyt cho mt bi

php c ngha thng gii nhng php hc cn bn, khin tt c u t

c o qu Nhp lu (Sota(patti). V sau chng bao lu, h c quA-la-hn (Arahatta)

Ring Sriputta v Mah Moggallna k t y pht tm ni thanh vng tu tp. Ln ny, i bn tr thc t tch ri mi ngi mt ng, khng chung mt ch nh trc.

Sriputta (X-li-pht) lu ng trong vng ph cn thnh Vng X, vngy ngy tu thin trong mt hc ni gi l ng heo (c sch ni lng gu). ngi cng thun ng i kht thc v lun tin n nghec Pht thuyt php. Mi ln Sriputta (X-li-pht) nghe php ca Phtv, ngi t mnh thanh tnh qun xt, v tm ra ngha su xa, thu o.

Ngi hnh tr nh th n mi bn ngy mi t ti Thnh qu gii thot(Arahatta: A-la-hn), mt trng thi tiu dit ton b phin no v tr thnhSa(vaka (Thanh-vn gic)

Cn Mah Moggallna th khng s sch no ni r ti sao ngi li chnni n tu xa xi tn rng ni, ti ngi lng Kalla Va(laputta, thuc vngquc Ma-kit- (Magadha). , vi mt s tinh tn bt thi ngi lun

lun gi tm trong php thin, ngay c trong lc i kinh hnh hay trongnhng oai nghi khc.

Mc d vy, ngi vn b nhng cn bun ng nng n trn ngp. ngikhng mun u hng nhng hn trm ny. Nhng ngi vn bt lc, khngth gi cho thn mnh ngi thng, v u vn gc xung. C nhng lc ngi

phi vn dng ton lc m rng i m mt, khng cho n khp li.


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y l mt trng thi rt d hiu. Bi kh hu vng nhit i oi bc, vbi sau nhng nm di du phng tm o, i c Mah Moggallna giy thn th phi mt mi v nhng cn bun ng n vi ngi l mt s tnhin.

Nhng c Th Tn, bng c tnh chm sc ca mt bc thy n hng t, Pht d bit vy, vn khng ngng theo di mi sinh hot ca MahMoggallna. c Pht tuy xa, nhng vi nhn lc siu phm Ngi thyr nhng tr ngi tu tp ca ngi tn mn , nn dng Pht lc hin ratrc mt Mah Moggallna.

Khi Mah Moggallna thy Pht ang ng trc mt mnh, mt phn lns bun ng, s mt nhc t nhin b bin mt. By gi c Th Tn mi

hi ngi:

Phi chng Mah Moggallna ang ng gc?

Bch Th Tn! ng vy!

Pht bn dy tm phn php gii tr chng ngi hn trm (bun ng)nh sau:

1- Ny Mah Moggallna! ng ngh rng c cn bun ng ang trongng, ri ch n n. Gi tm nh th cn bun ng s bin mt.

2- Nu lm nh vy m hn trm khng i mt th ng nn nh li nhngli dy ca Nh Lai v suy gm. Khi ng nh , ri soi xt ngha giithot th hn trm s bin mt.

3- Nhng nu nh Pht ngn nh th m hn trm khng bin mt, thng nn lp li s phn xt y mt cch chi tit hn v cc php hu vi ca

Nh Lai dy, hn trm s theo m bin mt.

4- Nhng nu hn trm cng khng bin mt th ng em tm ph voxc gic, c mnh i vnh tai v xoa bp t chi th hn trm (hay cn bunng) s bin mt.

5- Khi lm nh vy m hn trm cng khng i mt th ng nn i oainghi, tm v duyn vo ng tc, nh ng dy i ra mt bng nc


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mt, ri phng tm mt quan st tt c mi phng tm hng. on ngnhn ln bu tri, quan st mi tinh t, khng gian, th hn trm s bin mt.

6- Nhng nu lm nh th m hn trm vn khng bin mt th ng nnchm ch n nh sng. Nu y l ban ngy th ly nh sng mt tri lm mc. Ban m th ly nh sng tinh t (trng, sao) lm mc. y l cchlm cho tinh thn xn ln khng b u m, hn trm s bin mt.

7- Nhng nu dng nh sng bn ngoi m hn trm khng bin mt thng quay li soi xt ni tm. Ly ni tm lm mc v c gng xem ktng ngha, ging nh ly nh sng tinh thn ri thng vo tm thc thy r tng chp t duy khc nhau, ng mt th t duy no hin lntrong u ng m ng khng bit, ng thi ng ng dy i kinh hnh.Lm th hn trm s bin mt.

8- Nh th m hn trm vn khng bin mt th ng c th nm xung,bit r mnh ang nm nh mt con s t: vai mt di, vai tri trn, haichn dui thng, k ln nhau, gi trong tm mt nim mnh m l: Ta phi

bit mnh ton thn ang nm nh th no? Nu thn th ta mt mi th ta cho ngh ngi, nhng ta khng say m trong s ngh ngi y, th hn trms bin mt.

Ny Mah Moggallna! ng nn tinh tn hnh tr tm phng phpny! (Theo Anguttara Nikya VII 58: Tng Nht A Hm s 58).

Trn y, c Pht hng dn ngi Mah Moggallna mt phngphp tim tin gii tr s hn trm. im quan trng nht v hu hiunht l ng tm mnh b li ko bi ngh cho rng cn bun ng (hayhn trm) ang xy n v tip tc. D nhin iu ny rt kh lm. Nu hnhgi khng thnh cng, h c th tp trung ngh lc, suy xt nhng li Phtdy, hoc t c thuc lng nhng li dy y. Khi gii php hng dn trnh (tinh thn) khng em li kt qu hnh gi c th quay sang gii phptc ng thn th nh ko mnh vnh tai, lc l thn mnh, chuyn vn huyt

mch bng cch xoa bp t chi, ra mt bng nc lnh v.v... Nu vo banm h nn ngc mt ln bu tri, hng s ch vo v bin thm thmca v tr, khng gian y tinh t. Ban ngy th nhn nh sng rc r cavng thi dng v.v... Nhng tc ng y va c th kch thch gic quan(nht l xc gic v th gic) va c th a tm cu hu vi mi itng thin nhin bn ngoi.


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Lm tt c nhng iu y c th gip hnh gi vt qua cn bun ng,nh trong Theraga(tha( (Tn Tc K Ngn) c li lu li ca mt ThnhTng nh sau:

Ch li bc v hn trm m ng

Nhn khng gian sao sng chiu lung linh

Khi m n tm m nh tinh t

Tu tm soi bng gic tnh ni mnh!

(Theragth V, 193)

Khi p dng tt c cc cch y m hnh gi khng thng ni s hn trm,lc by gi c th quay v vi nh sng ni tm m nhiu nh Thn b hc ni. Hay ni mt cch khc l quay v vi sc mnh k diu ca gictnh (l ht ging lnh gieo, do s tu tp thin nh trong mt kip no). Sc mnh hay nh sng ni tm y s gip hnh gi vt ra ngoi s chi

phi xc tht ca cuc i hin ti.

Trong trng hp ny, hnh gi s khng cn phn bit ngy hay m,bi v nh sng ni tm khng cho ln mc gia hai ci y (m vngy) hin hu na. Nh vi mt tinh thn t soi sng, hnh gi c th loi

b, nh mt tri Phm Thin, ton din cnh gii ca ngy ln m (vn chl nhng hin tng gi lp ca cm quan!).

Khi c Pht, trong cc iu dy th nm, th su, th by nhc n tinht, bu tri, ngy m v.v... tc l Ngi mun m ch nhng g MahMoggallna tng tri qua (tng an tr) trong kip ny hay kip trc.

i vi chng ta, tm li dy ny t ra qu bnh thng bao nhiu th ivi Maha( Mog-galla(na c ngha c bit by nhiu. S Thp li nh

sng ni tm y (Aloka sanna() c ghi r trong bi Kinh s 33 ca bTrng A Hm (D(gha Nika(ya) nh mt trong bn cch pht trin thin

php dn n tr tu v quang kin (Sannadassana).

Nu tinh tn c y m hn trm (i hi gic ng ca xc thn) khngchm dt th hnh gi bt buc phi kinh hnh. Kinh hnh nhng tm tr


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khng c la khi tm soi sng ni tm bng thin lc, tiu tr mt mido hn trm gy ra.

Tuy nhin, nu bng c s soi sng ni tm y m hnh gi vn khngt c kt qu th by gi h c th nm xung ngh ngi trong chc lt,v l s phn ng t nhin ca thn th, ch khng phi do tnh li

bing thc gic xc thn i hi. Hnh gi ch cn nm iu ha oai nghicng qun bnh s qu trong chc lt, ch khng phi hng th. Vvy h s nhanh chng ngi dy khi s hn trm tri qua.

Trong bi Kinh s 33 (c Pht dy ngi Mah Moggallna cch tiu trhn trm) cn mt on tip:

Ny Mah Moggallna! ng nn tu tp xa hn na bng cch t mnh

nhc nh rng khi ng trc nhng th ch (kht thc) ta khng nn t rang mn, khng nn c nim trng i vt th. Nhiu khi nhng th ch y

bn rn khng hay s hin din ca ta, ch khng phi h th . Nu ta ngmn v trng ch vt th, ta s tng rng h lnh nht vi ta, v do phinno ni ln. Ch v khng nhn c b th m mt Sa-mn tr nn bt tnh,tr nn khch ng, tr nn nng gin v mt ht an tr l mt iu tri ogii thot.

Ny Mah Moggallna (Mc-kin-lin). Li na, ng nn gi nt hnht mnh nhc nh rng: Ta khng nn ni iu tranh lun. V s bn ci chkhin ta ni nhiu (a ngn) khin ta b kch thch, khin ta mt qun bnh,v khin ta kh nh tm trong thin php.

y c Pht ch ra hai trng hp gn gi hnh kim, hai trnghp trnh s lon ng v bt an ni tm. C hai trng hp ny u nmtrong thi quen tip xc hng ngy gia mt bc xut gia vi cc thin tn.

Trong trng hp th nht, mt bc xut gia thng mong mi Pht tnhn nhn mnh l mt Sa-mn v hnh din vi a v lnh o tinh thn y,

ri i hi mi ngi phi knh trng. Nu cc hng ti gia v s hay bnrn cng vic sinh nhai m thiu quan tm n h, h s tr thnh lo lng, str nn bt mn.

Trng hp th hai, trong khi bin lun thng c s t c v cch biudng c nhn xt sc bn. T cao cho rng Ta bit nhiu hn k khc


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hay Ta hu l hn p o ngi i thoi thng lm cho ngi tranhlun bt tnh.

Kt qu, k ham thch tranh lun ch ph b mt s th gi qu bu ng lphi dng trong vic tu tp, ph b hi lc v tim c khch ng mt bnhan mt cch v li, m khng gt hi c thin php ng khen no.

K d dui v thin cn thng mnh ri vo cc sinh hot bt tnh nhth, nn h khng nhng kh tp trung c thn tr phm phu. Cn khimun tu thin, h s gp rt nhiu chng ngi.

Sau khi c Pht dy cho Mah Moggallna (Mc-kin-lin) tm cchvt qua s hn trm v hai trng hp trnh xa s khch ng, MahMoggallna lin bch hi Pht nh vy:

Bch c Th Tn! Xin Ngi gii ngha tm tt lm th no mt t c th t mnh tiu dit hon ton kht vng, gii thot v t ti cucnh cui cng, khng cn b tri buc trong phin no, c sng i sngThnh thin v trong sch hn c ch Thin v nhn loi?.

Ny Mah Moggallna (Mc-kin-lin)! Mt bc xut gia nh tinh tntu tp m nhn thc c rng Khng c g ng cho ta dnh mc, tc lh bt u bit r mi vt. V khi h bit r mi vt th h s hiu r mivt. Khi mt Sa-mn hiu, bit y mi vt th bt c cm ngh no htri qua, d vui sng hay au kh hoc v v, h cng u thy n trngthi v thng, h s nhn n mt cch v t , khng n li ko, v snsng bung b. Khi mt v Sa-mn tr thnh thanh tnh nh th th h skhng ham thch bt c ci g trong i ny, khng ham thch th h khngkhao kht, v khng khao kht h s khng vng mc, tc l h t ti chhon ton tiu dit dc vng, chm dt ti sanh, sng i sng thnh thin.Ri h s bit r rng cng trnh tu tp gii thot ca h vin mn!.

Sau khi Mah Moggallna nhn c nhng li gio hun do c Pht

ch thn truyn dy (ghi trong Anguttara Nika(ya VIII, 58), ngi lin vngtm hnh o vi mt quyt tm bt thi. Mc-kin-lin tranh u vinm php chng ngi mt cch dng mnh phi thng. Hn na, trongsut nhng nm di lm o s du phng tm o ngi thnh cng mtcch vng chc vic dp b cc c v nhng am m trn tc. y chnh lhai trong nm chng ngi ngn cn hnh gi tin vo Thnh lu.


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Hin ti, vi s h tr ca c Pht, ngi Mc-kin-lin va chin thngs li bing v hn trm (chng ngi th ba), ng thi ngi loi b c

bt nh v lo u (chng ngi th t) bng cch trnh nhng va chm xhi v ch. Sau cng, ngi tiu dit c hoi nghi (tc php chng ngith nm) bng cch hnh theo li Pht dy l nh tm qun xt thy r bmt gi tm ca vn vt, t ct t tnh cm dnh mc.

Khi loi tr c nm php chng ngi y, Mah Moggallna t ntr tu thanh tnh, vt qua khi mi hp dn vt cht i, v bng mt trikin sc bn, ngi chc thng bc mn v minh vi t che y s tht cacuc sng, thy r gii thot Nit-bn, trng thi khng cn d st phinno.

Lc Mah Moggallna t ti S thin, tm ang ph lc trong s an tr

(Ekaggata) mt thnh cng vi diu m ngi thng khng th no hiuc, vn ti th gian d li lc n u cng khng th no din by chnhxc c, th dn dn nhng t tng trn tc len li vo thin tm ca ngigy vng ng.

c Pht nh php nhn c bit lin bit r nh th. Ngi lp tc hinn h tr v t ny. Ngha l khi Mah Moggallna b nm phpchng ngi bao vy tr li th c c Pht bn cnh t . Nhng nhngln sau ny, Pht khng nhc nh mt cch chi tit nh trc. Ngi chthng gii thng vo ch chng ngi ti pht l c th gipMaha( Moggala(na vt qua s b tc.

c Th Tn cn lu Mah Moggallna rng: Ch nn ph lc v tintng ni s c thin, m phi gi vng thin tm hn na c th tin xahn khi mc tiu nht qun (Ekaggata)

Mah Moggallna nh li dy ny ca c Pht m t v sau khi antr vo S thin, ngi khng b nhng ngh trn tc quy nhiu na!

Khi vng chc trong S thin, Mah Moggallna tin ln Nh thin.Trong Kinh Sam(yutta Nika(ya (Tp A Hm), on hai mi dng mt gil Thanh tnh tm, bi v trong y mi ngh u bin mt ri t ngi

pht trin ti T thin mt cch tun t (Sam(yutta Nikya No 40, F2).

Sau ny chnh Mah Moggallna tit l ngi thc hnh thin nh bngphng php Nh lp: trc tin l pht trin nh lc (Iddhipada, theo


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Sam(yutta Nika(ya N0 51, 31 ([1]). Ri sau pht huy Qun lc (Vimokkha,theo Theraga(tha( 1172).

Trn con ng tin n gii thot hon ton bng Tu gic ng(Panna(vimutti), cc bc Thin (Jha(na) c th xem nh nhng giai onS dng thn lc, mt mt a n nhiu kh nng siu nhin, mt khcm c ca ng bc vo nh sng ton gic.

Phng php tu chng Nh lp ny l b quyt then cht MahMoggallna tr thnh mt bc A-la-hn (Arahatta) thng thng gia cchng Thanh-vn gic.

Ni cch khc, chng ta c th tm lc rng: t n gii thot tmlinh (Ceto Vimutti), chnh thin nh gip cho Mah Moggallna trc

tin loi tr tm php th gian([1]) (Vimokkha), sau khi thun thc tuytmc trong cc bc thin V sc (Aru(pa Jha(na), ngi mi c Qun lctn tr nhng s nh vi t (Nh ph lc trong qu thin chng hn).

Ngha l ngi tin mnh trn con ng gii thot bng thin php Nhlp, tc l vng vng trong an tr (Sama(dhi) ri mi nh tm pht trinMinh st (Ubhago Bhaga( Vimutti) (Xem ch gii trong Pli Dictionaryca Nynatolika). Minh st bt u t T thin v sau.

Khi ly t thin lm nn tng Minh st. Hnh gi s gi tm c trongtrng thi V k (tc l tm no n th t thy n n, tm no bin i tthy n i, v t khng lay ng), hon ton vt ra khi mi nim, sanht vn php hu vi (iu kin). Nh , cc php gic ng mi c soisng. (Theo Sam(yutta Nikya: Tp A Hm s 40, 9 )

Theo ch gii, trng thi Tm v k (Anicca Ceto Sama(dhi) l trnh tm n nh bc cao, vt ra ngoi tm ghi nhn nhng i tng ngoicnh cng nh ni cnh (T duy). Tm trnh ny ch cn gic tnh bitr mnh ang va sng v va cht tng st na (Vipassana Sama(dhi), nn

thc hon ton c gii tr khi nhng o nh v thng, tham i v.v

S dn gii ny trong Kinh in qu ph hp vi li tu chng ca ngiMah Moggallna khi ngi p dng php tu thin Nh lp. (An tr ri Minhst) c nhiu hc gi Pht gio bn n bng hai danh t Phn ngAnimitta Cetovimutti. (Theo Majjhima Nikya: Trung A Hm s 43, TheWheel, xut bn)


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Tuy nhin, khi thnh cng trong Thin nh (Sama(dhi) hnh gi khngkho li b ri vo vng mt nim vi t l tng ta c gii thot,khng cn b cc php hu vi chi phi, v hnh gi lc ny ang trc nhnmt loi ph lc rt siu thot. (Khng phi th ph lc do dp c tm

php th gian, m l mt loi ph lc trong tr php Thanh tnh xut th).

y cng l mt loi dnh mc v l mt s dnh mc v iu kin, v rtkh kin nhn. Loi dnh mc ny chnh l bc mn che ng s gic ng saucng. N ch c th b loi tr bng thanh lc siu ng, m ngoi cc bcTon gic Ton tri ra, khng c mt tr tu th gian no c th din t c.

Nhng ngi Mah Moggallna nh c Pht h tr, nn c th vtc ci mn che ng vi t sau cng ny, t n phm cch hon ton

gii thot. Gii thot mt cch rt ro v trn Tu trc gic t mi khacnh, ngay c kha cnh dp c cm thc l mnh gii thot.

Chnh Mah Moggallna xc nhn rng S t c qu v Gic ngca mt Sa-mn nu c c Pht h tr l mt s chng qu tuyt lunnht!. Kinh gi s chng qu ny (Maha( abhinna(), ngha l Thn tu siung, bao gm c nm loi thn thng (Pancalabhnna() v su Thc thntr c th ch phc d dng mi nhn c, d cho nhn c y n t mt ith nhiu Thn thng nht trong tam gii.

S tu chng y ca Mah Moggallna ko di trong mt tun l. Thcra, by ba y l by ba phi hp tt c nhng g m ngi rn luyntrong nhiu kip qua, v o qu ngi t c l mt loi o qu c o,rt t Thnh nhn t c

Chng ta c th tng tng ni tinh tn v lng qu cm ca ngiMah Moggallna trong sut thi gian ngn ngi ny. Bi v vai tr mt iThanh-vn gic l vai tr m nhng phm hnh siu nhin gt hi c, cnmt cng phu tu tp thng tha mi xng ng, v mi c th vt thng

ni nhng xing xch rng buc v cng mnh m mc r mt cch vi ttrong tm.

Kinh c thut li rng: c Pht, trong bn gi thuc khc th nht mtin ln phm hnh Ton gic, Ngi nh c chn mi mt kip thgian. i vi, mt ng Gic ng, s c mt ca khng gian v thi gians b tan bin khi cng gii thot ang tip din. Tng t nh th,


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Mah Moggallna cng va th nhn s vt khi thi gian v khng gian tng kt cng c ca sut bao nhiu kip ch trong vng mt tun l. y, khi nim v khng gian v thi gian hon ton b xa.

Mt phm nhn ang b cm t bi nm gic quan v thc nhim ydc vng khng th no hiu ni ch trong vng by ngy, mt Thanh-vngic Thng tha nh Maha( Mog-galla(na c th vt dng thi gian vvt khong khng gian v hn trc nhn Tt c ch l mt con skhng.

Mah Moggallna (Mc-kin-lin) cn ni r trong Kinh AnguttaraNika(ya, cun IV (trang 167-168) rng: Tuy ngi c qu Thnh nhanhchng bng tinh tn vt k lc (Khipp-bhinna(), nhng trn thc t trongmt tun

l y ngi tin ha kh khn (Dukkha Patipada() v phi nh ti sh tr di do (Sasankha(ra) ca c Pht. Cn Sriputta (X-li-pht) thkhc. Mc d, v i Thanh-vn gic th hai ny c Thnh qu chmhn mt tun l (tc trong mi bn ngy) nhng nh vy m tin ha cangi thoi mi hn (Dukkha Patipa(da). Mah Moggallna (Mc-kin-lin)tin ln Thnh qu nhanh hn Sriputta (X-li-pht) v nh c c Phtch thn hng dn v h tr. Cn Sriputta, Pht khng lm vy l v Ngi

bit rng Sriputta c tr tu c bit, c th t mnh tin ln Thnh qu mtcch c lp.

---o0o---

5- NHNG THANH VN XUT SC

Trong Maha(pada(na Sutta, bi Kinh th 14 thuc b Digha( Nika(ya(Trng A Hm) c Pht cp n nhng v Chnh ng Chnh gictrong qu kh v xc nhn rng cc v Chnh ng Chnh gic y mi v uc hai t lnh o v mt t hu cn. Ri trong mt ch khc, Kinh

Sam(yutta Nika(ya (Tp A Hm 17, 14) Pht cn ni rng: Tt c nhng bcChnh ng Chnh gic trong qu kh v tng lai hay s c mt i t xut sc nht.

Mi khi c ng Ton gic xut th, ba v i t ny (tc hai v lnho Tng chng v mt v hu cn) rt cn thit. Ngi v h nh ba v cmu ba b Quc phng, Ni v v Ti chnh ca mt nh vua. c Pht so


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snh vic iu hnh Pht gio nh cch t chc ca mt quc gia, Pht ni Ananda (i c A-nan) nh ngi Tng tr Php Bo (B trng Tichnh), v Ananda l t nh tt c nhng bi php ca Pht thuyt. cPht cng ni n Sriputta nh v Tng t lnh chu ton, bo v phm viGio hi (B trng Quc phng) v Mah Moggallna l ngi c trchnhim ni b, nh b v trong gia nh chm lo con ci, nh B trng Niv duy tr ni an.

C bn Thnh nhn ny (tc c Pht cng vi hai t lnh o v mt t hu cn) c th chia lm hai nhm: Mt nhm gm hai v c nhiuiu tng ng. Chng hn nh c Pht v Ananda (A-nan) thuc giaicp Chin s (Khattiya). Tng t nh th, Sriputta (X-li-pht) vMah Moggallna (Mc-kin-lin) thuc giai cp B-la-mn v ra i cngthi k.

S quan h thn tc ny nghim ng trong i sng thanh tnh hngngy: Ananda lun lun bn cnh Pht, k t khi ngi tr thnh t hucn nh bng vi hnh. Cn Mah Moggallna v Sriputta th gn nhkhng th tch ri nhau c.

Lc tui v chiu, mi khi c Pht cm thy thn th mi mt, ba v i t ny l ba v duy nht c Pht cho php nhn danh Ngi ging giigio php.

Chng hn nh xy ra Kapilavatthu (Ca-t-la-v) Mah Moggallnathay Pht thuyt mt bi php tht di ni v s thu thc lc cn i trtnh trng chm m trong lc trn. (Theo Kinh Sam(yutta Nikya: Tp AHm, 35, 202).

Sau khi Sriputta v Mah Moggallna c qu A-la-hn. c Pht tuyn b trc Tng chng rng h s ng vai tr hai v t lnh o.

Mt s T-kheo t ra ngc nhin v bt u so b ti sao c Th Tn li

nng nhng T-kheo mi xut gia. H bn tn: Ngi xng ngc Pht ban cho phm v y phi l nhm nm thy Kiu-trn-nh, hocgi Trng lo Yasa hay ba v i Sa-mn Kassapa (Ca-dip). Ti sao cPht khng ng ngng cc v ny, m li ban gio phm cao nht n nhng t mi xut gia v thp h nht?


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phn gii s xn xao y, c Th Tn dy rng: Mi ngi ch gt hinhng g h to. Sriputta v Mah Moggallna vn trong nhiu kip qukh gieo trng phm v y. C hai tun t bi p cng nng tr thnh i t Pht. Trong khi nhng T-kheo khc th c gng tiu tr phin no gii thot m thi. Tuy c hai v i t thuc v mt giai cp x hikhc, v t mt tn ngng khc mi gia nhp Pht gio, nhng a v c

bit ca h trong hng Thnh nhn l mt a v c bit do lut nhn qu nnh.

Ngoi ra c Pht cng nhiu ln, trong nhiu trng hp khc nhau,ca ngi i t u t ny nh sau:

Srputta v Mah Moggallna l nhng v Thnh nhn c o, lnhng Sa-mn u hng trong cng ng Tng l. H lun lun thc hnh

ng li gio hun ca Nh Lai, sng theo chn l. Hai Thnh Tng yxng ng cho hng T chng l bi v knh mn. (Sam(yutta Nikya: TpA Hm 47, 14)

V:

Nu mt ngi m hin, thng khuyn nhc a con trai yu qu rng:Ny con! Con nn hc hnh v gi gn nt hnh nh mt Quan ni gimhay nh mt Hatthaka ca ging h Alavi. V y l hai hng ngi gngmu ca x hi hin ti. Th (xa hn na) b m y nn dy tip rng: Nycon! a con yu qu ca m. Nu con mun c gii thot, sng i sngv gia nh ca mt o s chn tu th con nn lm nh Sa(riputta v MahMoggallna! V hai Sa-mn ny l hai tm gng sng ca cc hng T-kheo vy!. (Sam(yutta Nikya 17, 23)

Mt ch Kinh khc:

Ny ch T-kheo! Hy hc hi v tu tp cng Sa(riputta v MahMoggallna. V hai Sa-mn ny c y sc thng minh v tinh thn h

tr cho ng o trong i sng thnh thin! Sa(riputta c th v nh ngim, v Maha( Mog-galla(na v nh b v. Sa(riputta kh nng hng dn

phm Tng n Thnh qu Nhp lu v Mah Moggallna s a h ncu cnh gii thot!. (Majjhima Nika(ya: Trung A Hm s 141)

c im hai v i t ny trong cc li ca ngi nu trn ca c Phtc th phn tch nh sau: Sriputta c mt bit ti khai th v h tr nhng ai


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c ngi dy d, cht t ba xing xch sanh t u tin ni tm thc bc vo Thnh o! Ngha l ngi c kh nng ci ha phm nhn mtcch rt hiu qu, bng cch lm cho h thy r s o mng ca kip ngi,ri a h vo giai on bnh an, khng cn sa a.

Sriputta ging nh mt hin mu, hng theo di v hng dn nhngbc chn u tin ca tr th. Hoc ni cch khc, Sriputta l v thy thk, hay t nht l bc Sa-mn lm n c a hoa Tu--hon trong mihc tr.

Cn Mah Moggallna hng tip tc hng dn ch T-kheo bc voThnh lu tin n mc tiu cui cng, Mah Moggallna khng bao gi cho mt v Tu--hon dng li , m sn sng soi sng khuyn khchhnh gi ti ni ti chn. Mah Moggallna nh mt Sa-mn v ch v c

tnh tinh tn, nn nhng T-kheo no hu duyn tu tp gn ngi, c th xemnh tu tp gn c Pht, v phng php pht trin tinh tn m MahMoggallna p dng h tr ng o cng ging nh phng php mc Pht h tr ngi trc y. Ni tm li, Mah Moggallna gn nhmt b v lun lun dinh dng v cng c sc mnh ca tr th cho nkhi khn ln vng chc.

Ring c Pht tng trng cho s tng hp ca hai phm tnh Sriputtav Maha( Mog-galla(na. Nu Sriputta l ngi m, Maha( Mog-galla(na l

b v, mi ngi c mt n c ring i vi tr th, th c Pht qu thtva l ngi m, va l b v i vi tt c chng sanh, nht l i vinhng ai bc vo con ng Bt Chnh (Atthangika Magga).

d nh, chng ta c th tm tt rng cui cng Sriputta v MahMoggallna u gii thot, nhng phng tin hai v ny tin ti gic ngl chiu rng v chiu su. Sriputta nh vo Tr tu (rng), v MahMoggallna nh vo Thin nh (su) (Ceto vimutti ca(nivimuttica).

D kin ny c hon ton chng minh khi hai i t Pht c giao

ph trch nhim chm sc s tu tp ca Rahula (La-hu-la), ngi con kipcht ca c Pht.

V l mt T-kheo va xut gia, Rahula c hai v thy A-x-l (Acariya):mt dy d v Php bo v mt chm sc hnh kim. Sriputta c Phtch nh lm thy dy o, v Mah Moggallna lm S trng gim hhnh kim v tu tp thin nh...


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Mt hm, Sriputta ni vi Maha( Moggal-la(na rng: Ny o huynh!S hiu bit ca bn Tng so vi nhng thn thng v i ca o huynhchng khc no mt mnh vn i vi ton khi ni Hy-m-lp-sn toln hng v!

Mah Moggallna lin p li rng: Nhng i li, ny Sriputta! V scthng minh, tr tu ca bn o i vi tr tu ca Thnh huynh ch nh mtht ct nh trong mt bi sa mc! (Theo Sam(yatta Nika(ya 21,3)

V nhng tm thng thi a din, mt hm c Pht tit l rng: Cnhng php ch c Nh lai mi nghim ra v c th thng gii, nhng khng

phi Sriputta. Ri c nhng vn ch c Sriputta mi ct ngha ni, chkhng phi Mah Moggallna. V cng c nhng cng vic ch c Mah

Moggallna mi kh nng gii quyt, ch khng phi bt c mt T-kheono khc! (Theo Jataka 483)

V vy, hai v i t y c th xem nh hai gch ni gia nhng phmlc Ti thng ca c Pht vi kh nng ca ch v t khc.

Khi -b-t-a tuyn b i lnh o Gio hi, c Th Tn nirng Ngi s khng giao ph ai cm u Tng chng. Ngay c hai v i t Sriputta v Mah Moggallna, khin cho -b-t-a (Devadatta) b clp. (Cula Vagga VII, 3)

Trong s phm nh nhng t u t trn cn cn, mt bn l Sriputtav Maha( Mog-galla(na v bn kia l -b-t-a (k hng lm cho nhiuT-kheo nng ni tr nn h hng), cn mt s ng Sa-mn khc vi nhiutrnh v cng hnh khc nhau, nn c Pht ph d nh th.

Bi tranh ginh chc t u t m mt T-kheo tn Koka(lika, ngheli -b-t-a, c ln vu khng hai v i t y rng h c nhiu c thay v s t co nn nhm vo -b-t-a.

c Pht dy:

Ny Koka(lika! ng khng nn lm ln nh th! Hy thn thin v tnnhim Sriputta v Mah Moggallna, v h l hai Sa-mn c kh nng!(Theo Sam(yutta Nikya 6-10, Tp A Hm 6-10).


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D c Pht nhc nh nh vy, nhng Koka(lika vn tip tc vu oan nn chu qu kh. Theo Kinh ghi li th -b-t-a (Deva-datta) vKoka(lika b a vo a ngc V gin, tc a ngc ca nhng k nngti nht. Ngc li, Sriputta v Mah Moggallna th t ti Thnh qu caonht, gii thot Nit-bn([1]).

---o0o---

6- NHNG NG GP CA HAI V I T

Trong Tam tng Kinh in, c nhiu bn thut s ni v nhng cng tcm hai v i t thc hnh chung ph t c Pht chm sc Giohi. C hai lm vic rt nhiu cho cng ng Tng l c pht trin

y n ch. Nhng ng gp ca h hu ht nhm vo vic dung ha nib, n nh v gn gi k lut Gio hi, ng c ghi li cho hu th noitheo.

Chng hn nh v c Pht ra lnh trc xut nhm su v T-kheoChabaggiya (Lc qun T-kheo) c d dui v bt tun k lut m cPht lm ln khuyn rn khng kt qu (ghi trong Kta Giri thuc bMajjhima Nikya 70). y khng phi l mt vic d lm! V cng v nhmsu v T-kheo ny m mt s gii lut mi c c Pht ch nh.

Sau cng, v thi qu sn si, bt phc thin ca h m c Pht quytnh cho php Sriputta v Mah Moggallna (vi s ng h ca Tng-giT-kheo y c hnh) trc xut su T-kheo kh dy ny ra khi Giohi mt cch m p (Culla Vagga VI,13-16).

c bit nht l sau , hai v i t thnh cng trong vic khuynd c nhng T-kheo tr tui bng bt, nghe li xi gic ca -b-t-a hnh ng sai lm, quay v vi c Pht v gi li i sng phm hnh.

Khi thc hin iu ny, Sriputta dng Tha tm thng thy r nhngT-kheo nh lm lc kia suy ngh g m gii thch ngay im h hiu quy,cn Mah Moggallna th dng nhng thn thng khc! (Theo Culla VaggaVII,4).

Bin c sau y chng t rng hng ng Gio hi di s hng dn caSriputta v Mah Moggallna c vng chc: Mt ln n, khi Sriputta


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b mt T-kheo th nghch v c kt ti, Mah Moggallna v Ananda lp tc triu tp Tng chng nhn nhn v phn quyt s iu trn chnchnh ca Sriputta trc li buc ti ca ngi i lp, l s tht.(Anguttara Nikya IX 11)

Ln khc, khi Mah Moggallna b bnh, c Pht n thm vkhuyn khch ngi bng mt bi php ni v by yu t Gic ng. MahMoggallna nh bi php ny m khc phc c au n v khi bnh.(Sam(yutta Nikya 46,15)

Sau khi t n Thnh qu A-la-hn, v c c Pht giao ph trchnhim hng dn Gio hi, hai v i t thng sng chung vi nhautrong mt tu vin thuc Trc Lm tnh x (Veluvana Viha(ra). H thng tchc nhng bui lun o, vi s tham d ca mt s Tng l gip

nhng ng o gia tng s hiu bit trong Pht gio hoc thng nhngim nghi ng ca h. (Majjhima Nikya No 5). V c rt nhiu bi php c hai v i t ny thuyt cho Tng chng nghe.

Nhng bi php do Mah Moggallna thuyt c ghi li trong cc Kinh:Majjhima Nika(ya s 15, Anguttara Nika(ya 35, 202.

H cng dng kh nhiu th gi trong vic ch ta nhng bui lun oca nhng hng t. (Ghi trong Kinh Sam(yutta Nikya 14, 15)

Ngoi ra cn c nhng mu i thoi su sc vi i c Anuruddha (A-nu-lu-), mt Thin s thng tha trong cc hng i t Pht. Nhngmu i thoi nh th cp n php Thn qun Nim x (tc s qun xt

bit mnh) (ghi trong Sam(yutta Nikya 47, 26-27) v s khc bit gia haibc Hu hc (Sekha() v V hc (Asekha() (Sam(yutta Nikya 52, 4-6).

C hai v i t thng c c Pht nhit lit khen ngi v vic lmhu ch ca h nhng h khng bao ly lm hnh din. V h l nhngThnh nhn, nn cc s ng mn, t cao v.v... khng cn trong h na.

Xin k mt giai thoi:

Mt ln n khi hai i t ny ang ngi gn c Th Tn. Pht ynlng v c hai v i t u tnh ta trong mt trng thi on tuyt phinno. Cht c Pht tht ra nhng cu tn dng sau y, trc tin nSriputta v sau n Mah Moggallna:


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Nh nh ni khng lay trn mt t,

Mt Sa-mn vng tng tiu tan,

Tm v tr khng cn theo phng dt,

Th lc cn tinh khit sng nh vng.

Thin an tr lm thn tm ha Pht,

Ri Sa-mn thy r Php Nit-bn!

(Thot dch theo Kinh Uda(na III, 4-5)

Cn s khin trch th ch c mt ln c Pht khng ng viSriputta m li khen ngi Mah Moggallna (Mc-kin-lin). Cu chuynnh sau:

Lc y, c Th Tn va yu cu mt nhm T-kheo lm n, vn l hctr ca i c Sriputta, ra khi ni Pht ng. c Pht bn hi hai v i t xem h ngh sao khi Pht lm nh vy. Sriputta tr li: V c ThTn mun an nh trong thin cnh, v ch t phi tun hnh. ( niSriputta v Mah Moggallna, sau khi nhm T-kheo n o kia i ri, h

phi cng vi c Pht nhp vo thin nh).

Nhng c Pht qu trch Sriputta. Ngi ni: ng khng nn c ngh nh vy, v ng bao gi ti suy ngh nh th!.

Ri Pht quay sang Mah Moggallna nhc li cu hi tng t. MahMoggallna p li rng: Khi c Th Tn mun an nh trong thin cnhth cc i t, nht l o huynh Sriputta phi c trch nhim coi ngch Tng (dy d cc t ca mnh).

c Pht lin khen ngi Mah Moggallna v tip rng: C hai i tphi trng nom cng ng Tng l mt cch tt p nh chnh ch cPht trng nom vy!.


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7- THN THNG CA MAHA MOGGALLANA

Trong bi php ni v nhng t c kh nng siu phm (Anguttara Nikya I,13) c Pht cp n Mah Moggallna nh mt bcThng tha trong nhng k c thn thng trn th gian.

Mt hm, Mah Moggallna cng vi cc hc tr i kinh hnh gn niTng hi (Sam(-yutta Nikya 14-15), c Pht ang c mt v cn ni r:D nhin cng c nhng t khc c thn thng qu bu, nhng mingi ch tuyt diu trn mt phng din. Chng hn nh Sa-mnAnuruddha v T-kheo-ni Sakula( t Thin nhn thng thy r loi

chng sanh trong tam gii. T-kheo Sobhita v T-kheo-ni BhaddaKapila(ni th c Tc mng thng bit c hng ngn kip trong qu kh.T-kheo Sagalo c th i trong la, khng bao gi b chy. t Cu(laPanthaka c th bay trn khng gian, i thm cc tng tri. V t Pilindath c o trong vic nghe cc hng ch Thin ni chuyn (Thin nhthng).

Nhng Mah Moggallna th xut sc nht trn tt c cc phng din.Ngi t c nhiu loi thn thng khc nhau, cao ng hn cc v t

khc! Ngay c T-kheo-ni Uppallavanna l mt bc php thut ni tingcng khng vt ni thn thng ca Mah Moggallna vy!.

Ai tng nghin cu v nhng sc mnh Siu tm l hay cc b mtThn hc (tuy tru tng nhng rt thc dng) s khm ph ra c gi tr

bn Kinh ni v thn thng ca Mah Moggallna, v phi tin tng rng yl mt iu c tht!

Th gii m chng ta gi l vt cht, c th tip nhn qua nm cm quan(hay nm gic quan) c nhng nh Vt l hc hin nay ct ngha nh l

S biu hin ca nhin lc v.v... vn ch l mt phn rt nh trong ci stht v bin. S tht y bao gm tt c mi Tnh ng t cc tiu n cci m con ngi ch thng thu c mi trng rt hn hp, kh c thhiu ni nhng g gii hn ca mnh.

Nghi ng ch khng dm qu quyt xc nhn hay ph nhn v bit rngn nm ngoi tm tay t tng ca mnh, ri tm dng nhng t ng nh


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Phn vt cht, Tm l lc hay Siu nhin chnh l con ngi btu cm chng nhng k l m khoa hc khng ct ngha c. V chng tach thc c mt lnh vc nh hp, lnh vc ca th gii sinh ngvt, nn chng ta lun lun c khuynh hng ly nhng kin thcchuyn ng gii hn lm nguyn tc tuyt i.

Nhng v tr i vi nhng bc thanh tnh i gic, i vi cc bcThnh nhn vt khi mi tng lp vt cht ha hin, l mt v tr to lnkhn lng. V tr y vn va c lp vi mi trng ca chng ta va cth linh nghim nu chng ta em sc ci T nhin ca mnh rnluyn thnh ci Siu nhin ca cc bc Thnh. y chnh l ch gch ni(hay cn gi l mi lin h) gia nhng huyn b khc nhau m ngi ta gil php l! iu ng tic l mt khi nhng trnh siu phm y biu hinnh mt thn thng c tht, th ngi ta v qu b cm t trong t tng hp

hi, khng th thc rng chnh ci s nng hu hn ca mnh khng chomnh hiu bit c cc s tht khng th chi ci c.

Nhng i vi cc hng siu th, nh c Pht hay ngi Mc-kin-linchng hn, khi tu luyn pht trin nhng kh nng thn nghim xut th,cc ngi lt vo trong nhng php hnh v cc, cao rng hn mi trng

phm tnh rt nhiu v vi nhng cm quan hon ton tinh diu, nht l t c T phn nhn thc (Iddhipada), cc ngi s thy r ci chnl V thng, v lng, phi khng gian ln phi thi gian.

i vi cc bc ny, vin tng hiu bit thc nghim ca h s nmtrong ln ngoi v tr, khng th o lng c, vt khi mi ln mc v

bin gii.

Kinh Majjhima Nika(ya (Trung A Hm) s 32 c ghi: Khi Sriputta hiMah Moggallna: Loi Sa-mn no m Tng chng (ang) hi hp niy nn tn dng nhiu nht?, Mah Moggallna tr li rng: Theo quanim ca bn o th y l Sa-mn c tr tu lun lun t sng v c th tholun v ging gii mt cch rnh mch mi gio l ca c Pht

Ngha l Kinh xc nhn Maha( Mog-galla(na qu tht l ngi khnng ni php siu hnh.

Tht ra, nhng bi php gi tr c b rng ln b su l nhng bi phpphi thot ra t ca ming ca mt ngi tu chng t thn thng, vtln trn lnh vc vt cht v cm quan. Sa-mn no cng m rng tr thc


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bng nhng cng phu siu nhin nh th, Sa-mn y cng c nhiu iu ni. Ngha l hnh gi khi t mnh chng nghim trong diu php giithot siu phm, h s c tr tu thng bin nht lm bc l sc mnh caPhp bo v kch thch ngi nghe. Nhng th d v Mt php do MahMoggallna thuyt ra nh th c ghi trong Majjhima Nika(ya (Trung AHm s 15 17), trong Anguttara Nika(ya (Tng Nht A Hm X, 84) vtrong Sam(yutta Nika(ya (Tp A Hm 35, 202. 44,7-8)

By gi chng ta th quay li vn Thn thng ca Mah Moggallna(Mc-kin-lin) ghi trong Kinh in Pht gio, da theo nng thc th chtth s thy nhng loi sau:

1- Tha tm thng

Mt ln n nhm l Pht l (Uposatha)([1]), c Pht cng Tng chngngi tnh ta trn c m.

Khi bnh minh l dng, c Pht ch tuyn b: Tng hi m nay khngtrong sch. i c Mah Moggallna lp tc dng Tha tm thng quan stt v T-kheo ny n v T-kheo khc, v tm ra mt tu s hon ton b u. Ngi lin n trc mt yu cu v T-kheo y ra khi Tng hi. Nhngng s khng chu nhc nhch. Sau khi cnh co ba ln, MahMoggallna mi dng i th (bn tay ln) nhc bng T-kheo y ln, riem ra ngoi phng hi. on Mah Moggallna ng ca cn thn trckhi yu cu c Pht tuyn c Gii bn (Patimokha Sam(varasila) (TheoAnguttara Nikya VIII, 20)

(Gii bn l nhng iu rn cm, gm 227 iu dnh cho phm hnh T-kheo (Bhikkhu) Gii bn ny cn gi l Bit bit gii thot gii ch ctuyn c sau khi cng ng Tng s sm hi y , c n xhay c hnh pht v tr nn trong sch.

Ln khc, c Pht c mt trong cng ng nm trm v T-kheo m ch

c Ngi mi bit tt c l A-la-hn. Khi Mah Moggallna t xa n, ngiMc-kin-lin lin nhn ra cc Thnh Tng v l bi mt cch knh cn.

Lin y, mt trong s nm trm v A-la-hn ng dy ca ngi i cMah Moggallna bng nhng cu k (phng dch thnh th) nh sau:

Trong khe ni tm ngi thanh tnh,


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Dit tham, sn, ph tan chp m lm.

Ngi xng ng cho Tng cung knh.

V thn thng, v tu lc cao thm.

Trong nhy mt ngi nhn ra o hnh.

Ca Thnh nhn, khng cn cht bi trn!

Tm ngi sng nh kim i ng nh,

V ngi y l Tn tc tuyt lun!

(Sam(yutta Nikya 8,10)

Ngoi ra, Kinh Tp A Hm (Sam(yutta Nika(ya No 52, 1-2) cng cn mton ghi v Tha tm thng ca Mah Moggallna nh sau:

Khi y. i c Anuruddha ang hnh thin ti mt ni vng v. Vmun bit r hiu lc ca diu php Nim x (Satipattha(na) c kh nngtiu tr au kh, nh tan phin no, tin ti gii thot hon ton nh thno, m Mah Moggallna dng Tha tm thng bm st thin cnh caAnuruddha, ri hin ra trc mt, yu cu Thin tng y m t chi tit ca

phng php thc hnh Nim x.

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2- Thin nh thng

Mt ti n, khi i c Sriputta n thm i c Mah Moggallna,ng cht thy nt mt ca ngi o huynh ny c mt v thanh tnh lng

lng, siu thot. i c Sriputta lin hi Mah Moggallna xem phichng ngi ang tnh tm trong mt ci thin no . Nhng MahMoggallna tr li rng: Tm ng ch an tr ci thin thp nht. Cn ntmt ng trong sut l v ng ang lng nghe mt bi php. Sriputta linhi: S huynh nghe php ca ai vy?, th c tr li: Bn Tng nghe

php ca c Th Tn!.


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Lc y, c Pht ang ng ti thnh X-v (Savatthi) rt xa kinh Vng X (Ra(jagaha), tc l ni m Sriputta v Mah Moggallna angc mt. i c Sriputta lin hi:

Phi chng Mah Moggallna xut hn i nghe Pht thuyt phphay c Th Tn dng Pht lc n bn cnh Mah Moggallna thuyt

php?. Mah Moggallna lin xc nhn rng khng phi ng xut hn ngn Pht, cng chng phi Pht li gn ng, m y ch l s vn dng caThin nhn thng v Thin nh thng khi c hai gic quan ny ca ng lnca c Pht u tinh luyn. Ngha l vi hai thn thng y, c Pht vMah Moggallna tuy rt xa nhau, nhng c th nhn thy nhau, v ip vi nhau tht r rng nh gn vy.

Sau , i c Sriputta t ng tn dng rng: Khi t c nhng

thn thng nh th c Pht hay Mah Moggallna c th sng mi ntrn kip tri t, nu Pht hay Mah Moggallna mun! (Sam(yutta

Nikya 21,3)

Ngoi ra, vi Thin nh thng Maha( Mog-galla(na cn c th nghec ngn ng ca phi nhn, ch thin, ma qu v.v v c th nhn rnhng t thc ca h. Chng hn nh c mt ln, mt ng qu bo chongi bit ngn chn -b-t-a, v c Tng ny nh lm hi c Pht(Theo Kinh Culla Vagga VIII,2).

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3- Thin nhn thng

Nh on trn va ni, Mh Moggallna dng Thin nhn thng thy c c Th Tn xa hng mt trm dm. (Sam(yutta Nikya 21,3)

Nhng cng cn nhng thut s sau y:

Ln n, i c Sriputta ang ngi tham thin gn chn ni, mt quD-xoa (Yakkha) hung bo dng ton lc nh ln u i c mt cinh tri ging, v nhanh nh chp, i c Mah Moggallna cng bnhnh thin, cht thy khng ngn kp, bn hi:

o huynh Sriputta! Ngi b qu D-xoa nh c au khng?


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i c Sriputta mm ci tr li:

Ti ch cm thy c ci g chm nh ln u. Sau , MahMoggallna lin tn dng oai lc ca tm an tr. Cn Sriputta th khenngi Thin nhn ca Mah Moggallna, v chnh mnh khng ti no trngthy c hung thn va tn cng mnh hnh dng nh th no. (Theo KinhUdna IV,4)

Mt hm, nh Thin nhn thng m Mah Moggallna tuy xa vn thyc c vua Pasenadi b thm bi trong mt trn nh vi ngi Licchavi.

Nhng sau nh vua tp hp c tn qun ri phn cng v chinthng k th.

Khi Mah Moggallna thut li chuyn ny, mt s T-kheo vi kt ti

ngi ni iu khng tht v khoe php Bc cao nhn, tc phm vo mttrong bn i ti gi l Bt cng tr, phi b mt phm hnh T-kheo v btrc xut khi Gio hi.

Tuy nhin, c Pht lin dng Thnh tu phn xt v phn gii rng:Ny ch T-kheo! Mah Moggallna ch ni ng nhng iu ng thy,v nhng chuyn y xy ra. (Theo Prajika IV,17)

Hn th na, Mah Moggallna cng nhn thy rt thng s biu hinca lut nhn qu: ng thy nhn loi sanh t ra sao. Do nhng hnh ngxu xa (nh lm hi ng loi chng hn) khin h ti sanh vo cc ngqu, chu au kh nh th no. Trong khi mt s ngi khc nh lm nnvic lnh c sanh vo cc ci tri Dc gii hay cc ci tri cao hn.

V vy c mi ln thuyt php, Mah Mog-galla(na thng dng nhngtrng hp nh th lm th d chng minh cho lut nhn qu. Thut s vThin nhn thng ny tm thy ri rc trong Kinh in rt nhiu, khng thk ht ra c.

Trong hai cun thuc Tam tng Pa(li ni v cnh ng qu (Petavatthu) vcc ci tri Dc gii A-tu-la (Vima(navatthu), c chn trong s nm mimt bi Kinh do Mah Moggallna thuyt v nhng s sanh dit do chnhmt ng trng thy. y chnh l l do m hu ht hc gi Pht gio u ktlun rng Mah Moggallna l mt v Thnh Tng duy nht bit c nhiuth gii khc ngoi ci ngi v thu r mi Bin hnh ca Nghip(Kamma).


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Tuy thut s v Thin nhn thng ca Mah Moggallna c qu nhiu,khng th k khai ht c. Nhng t nht xin k vi chuyn trong KinhSam(yutta Nika(ya (Tp A Hm ) s 19, 1-21 v trong Pa(ra(jika 9,15 nhsau:

Ln n, Mah Moggallna n tu trn nh Linh Thu Sn, gn thnhVng X (Raja(gaha) cng mt Sa-mn tn Lakkhana (tc mt trong smt ngn o s B-la-mn quy y Pht gio cng vi Uruvela Kassapa).

Mt bui sng n, khi hai v Sa-mn xung ni kht thc trong thnh ph,Maha( Moggal-la(na cht mm ci khi i qua mt on ng. Sa-mnLakkhana thy l bn hi l do th Mah Moggallna tr li vn vn rng:By gi cha phi l lc bn o c th ni cho S huynh nghe! Khi gp

c Bn S, bn Tng s ni cho S huynh nghe cng khng mun!.

Sau , khi gp c Pht, Sa-mn Lakkhana lin nhc li cu hi ny thc Maha( Mog-galla(na tr li: Lc y, bn Tng thy nhng ng qui rch chy lon trn khng, sau lng chng c nhng lung c kh nh

phin no, hi hn, au n ui bt!.

c Pht cng xc nhn y l mt s tht. Ngi cn ni thm: S dNh Lai t khi cp n chuyn ng qu khn kh l v phm nhn khngth no tin c!. Ri c Th Tn cn dng Thng thin tu phn tch:Loi ng qu vn kip trc xem thng t hnh, ch giu nhng k chmlo tu hnh nn kip ny thm kht phc c. Mi khi chng thy mt bcchn tu i ngang l chng li gn tinh thn bt kh no. Pht kt lun:Bn ng qu y bit Mah Moggallna c nhiu thn thng mun cu ngta gii cu, nhng v nghip c ca chng dy, khng m ming ra c nnchng c chy quanh kch thch lng t bi ca Mc-kin-lin y!

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4- Di hnh thng (hay cn gi l Di thn php)

y chnh l loi thn thng m nhng chng sanh no mang s sngbng vt cht phi cn dng nht.

Kinh chp: Ch d dng nh mt ngi mun co cnh tay vo hay duicnh tay ra, v nhanh chng nh th, th Mah Moggallna cng c th


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khi hnh (vi xc thn ca mnh) t ci ngi, ri xut hin trn ci tritrong khonh khc.

i c Mah Moggallna s dng thn thng y nhiu ln va ithuyt php cho nhng Thin chng cc ci tri nghe va quay v trngian lo vic Gio hi. Mt trong nhng k cng y l Mah Moggallna ging o n ch Thin tng tri th ba mi ba (Ta(va-timsa: Tha HaT Ti thin) gip h phn ln nhp vo Thnh lu, v nhc nh lun c vuatri Thch (Sakka) xem vua cn tin tng vo gio l gii thot ca chPht hay khng. (Theo Majjhima Nikya: Trung A Hm s 37)

Theo thut s Ja(kata s 483E th khi Pht ln cung tri ao Li thuytphp rng r trong vng ba thng Pht mu. Mah Moggallna lv mn duy nht ln thng bo mi tin tc Gio hi th gian n c

Pht v xin ch th ca Ngi.

Trong khi du hnh lm Pht s nh th Mah Moggallna khng phich gh thm cc ch Thin ci tri Dc gii, m ngi cn ln c ncc cung tri Sc gii ln V sc gii. Khi Mah Moggallna xut hin, ccPhm Thin vn khng tin c mt o s no kh nng ln ti cnh trica h bn cht vn, mi hay l thn thng ca Sa-mn Moggalla(na, i t Pht. T , cc i Phm Thin khng dm d dui cho rng h lnhng v tri bt dit na. (Theo Kinh Sam(yutta Nikya 6,5)

c bit nht l Mah Moggallna tm ra c mt v Phm thin tnl Tissa, k trc khng bao lu chnh l mt T-kheo t Pht, vintch v sanh vo ci tri ny. Nh nghe c Php bo ca MahMoggallna m Phm thin Tissa chng qu gii thot ngay sau .(Theo Anguttara Nikya: Tng Nht A Hm IV, 34-VII 530)

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5- Ph lc thng

i vi nhng vt cht (hu hnh) hay vt tnh (v hnh) d c trnglng v cu lc vng chc n u, Mah Moggallna cng c th laychuyn d dng.

Ln n, nhn lc mt nhm T-kheo ng ti mt tu vin, xem thng ccbc Thnh Tng v d dui phn s tu hnh, c bn tm tp luyn thn th


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cho c cng trng. c Th Tn hay chuyn ny, hiu r lng tin scmnh vt cht thi qu ca h, bn bo Mah Moggallna nn s dng thnthng cnh co. Mah Moggallna vng li Pht dy, ch dng mt ngnchn n nh, lm rung chuyn nhiu ta nh khin cho ton th tu vin mnhdanh l Lnh vc thin ng Miga(ra nh tri qua mt cn ng t.

Nhn thy thn lc phi thng ca Mah Moggallna ton th T-kheo t khng dm d dui, bt u knh s c Pht v cc hng Thnh Tng.

Nhn , c Th Tn ging gii v bn yu t to nn thn lc(Iddhipada) v ch c Mah Moggallna mi hi bn yu t ny. (TheoKinh Sam(yutta Nikya s 51, 14 v Kinh Jtaka 299E)

Kinh Majjhima Nika(ya (Trung A Hm s 37) cng k rng: KhiMoggalla(na n thm vua tri Thch (Sakka) ti thin gii, ri nhn rarng v vua tri ny ang bt u khi nim dc mng, ng chp tm t

ho v khoi lc trong nhng hnh phc tin cnh, qun ht chn l giithot. Mah Moggallna lin s dng Ph lc cng lm lay ng nh ngin ca Thch , c tn l Bt Dit cung, khin cho Thch gitmnh hong s. Sau , Thch mi t b ng mn v lng nghe v ThnhTng nhc li php tiu tr tham i, m ng c Pht dy trong mtthin nin kip trc. Php y cng l php Pht dy n MahMoggallna tin ln qu v gii thot.

Ln khc, khi c Pht cn ti tin, c mt nn i xy ra vng cPht cng Tng chng ang ng. Ch Tng i tr bnh chng thc phm.V vy, Mah Moggallna lin yu cu c Th Tn cho php ng ongc lp mt t v c nhng cht nm trong lng t c th tri ln v conngi c th n c,

Nhng c Pht bo Mah Moggallna khng nn lm v s gy shy hoi sanh mng ca mt s ln sinh vt sng trong lng t. Hn na,nn i cng l mt c qu phi tr ca mt s ngi khng th trnh c.

i c Mah Moggallna lin nu ln mt gii php khc: t c th

dng thn thng m ra mt con ng rt ngn n x Utta-rakuru (khsung tc v cch rt xa) ch Tng c th i kht thc.

Ln th hai, c Pht cng bc b v dy rng: Nn i khng th lmhi nhng Sa-mn y o hnh! D cho cc Sa-mn y khng c mtcht thn thng!. (Theo Kinh Prjika I,2). y l trng hp duy nht mc Pht t chi li ngh ca Maha( Mog-galla(na.


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Ngoi ra, Mah Moggallna cng c thn thng em c bt c vt g bt c ni no trn th gii, n ch mnh mun. Chng hn nh trong Kinhghi: Khi Sriputta b bnh, Mc-kin-lin (Mah Moggallna) dng thnthng ly cung sen trn nh ni Hy-ma-lp-sn v lm thuc cho v ohuynh ny. (Theo Mah Vagga VI, 20 v Culla Vagga V, 34)

Ch khc, Kinh Ja(taka s 78E cn ni: i c Mah Moggallna,trong chc lt ly v mt chi cy B- cch xa hng trm dm cho ngB h Cp C c (Ana(thapin(d(ika) trng trong khun vin K Vin T.

Nhng theo mt thut s khc v vn tranh ti th Mah Moggallna t chi:

S l thu y, nhng tn ngoi o v mt s nhng Trng gi trongthnh ph t chc mt cuc biu dng thn thng. H treo gii thngl mt bnh bt bng vng, ct nh tr rt cao, m o s hay Sa-mn noly c tc l ngi v ch.

Khi T-kheo Pindola yu cu Maha( Mog-galla(na s dng thn thng cho qun chng khm phc oai lc ca Tng bo th Mah Moggallna t chi. Ngi ni rng:

S c th lm vic !.

V khi Pindola ly c bt qu, khin cho qun chng knh n cc tca c C m th c Th Tn khin trch ng y. Pht dy: NyPindola! T nay v sau, ng ch biu din thn thng v mc ch ham danhnh th! (Theo Culla Vagga V,8)

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8- TIN KIP CA MAH( MOGGALL(NA

V s nh li tin kip, i c Maha( Mog-galla(na ch t thut c mtln. l Kinh s 50 thuc b Trung A Hm (Majjhima Nika(ya), son gixin php dng bn Kinh y lm cn c cho chng ny.


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Trong Ja(taka (Tc Sanh Truyn), tc nhng truyn ni v tin thn cPht Thch Ca v Mah Moggallna gp nhau trong nhiu kip. t nht lc ba mi mt ln c Pht v Mah Moggallna phi gp nhau l mtiu t nhin. i vi thi gian v lng kip, con s ba mi mt ln gpnhau ghi trong Kinh qu tht qu t, qu nh, so vi ci chui lun hi bttn m c hai v tri qua. Tuy nhin, nh th cng cho chng ta cmt ci nhn tng qut v tin kip ca v Sa-mn ny.

D nhin y son gi khng th k ht ba mi mt kip mt cch chitit, vi y nhng nt p, nhng phm cch xng ng ca mt tronghai i t. Nhng nhng g m son gi c gng ghi li trong cun schnh b ny chnh l nhng nt quan trng cho cc hng Pht t c th tmhiu tiu s v nhn cch ca i c Mah Moggallna (Mc-kin-lin).

im th nht chng ta tm thy trong Ja(kata (Tc Sanh Truyn) milin h mt thit gia B-tt (tin thn c Pht) vi Mah Moggallna.

Nhiu kip Sriputta (X-li-pht) v Mah Moggallna sanh lm anh emca c B-tt. (Nh ghi trong cc Kinh Jtaka s 488, 509. 542, v 543).Ri nhng kip khc, h li sanh lm bn ca B-tt (Jtaka s 326). Haykhi c B-tt lm vua th h tr thnh hai trung thn (Jtaka 401). Thnhthong, h cng sanh lm o s, mn ca c B-tt (Jtaka s 423, v522). Ngoi ra, h cn sanh lm thy ca c B-tt na (Jtaka 539).

c bit, nhng Tc Sanh Truyn k li c B-tt lm vua, Sriputta lmThi t, cn Mah Moggallna th lm quan ch huy Ng lm qun (Jtaka525). Hoc c B-tt lm tri Thch (Sakka) th Sriputta v MahMoggallna lm Tin trng cai qun hai cung Nht Nguyt (Jtaka s450)

im th hai ng cho chng ta ch l s chnh lch gia MahMoggallna vi Sriputta trong mt s tin kip sanh lm cm th. c kTc Sanh Truyn (Ja(kata) chng ta s nhn thy rng mc d c hai v i t ny thng ng hnh trong ci vng sanh t. Nhng khi ti sanh t

ci ngi tr ln th h c a v tng ng nhau. Cn khi lun hi lmth vt, th h li tnh trng hon ton chnh lch. c bit l Sriputtalun lun sanh lm nhng th vt tin ha hn:

Chng hn nh trong Ja(kata s 73, Sriputta sanh ra lm rn th MahMoggallna lm chut. Trong Ja(kata s 206, 486, Sriputta sanh lm chimth Mah Moggallna sanh lm ra. Trong Ja(kata 272, 361 v 438, Sriputta


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sanh lm s t th Mah Moggallna sanh lm cp. Trong Ja(kata s 37,Sriputta sanh lm kh th Mah Moggallna sanh lm voi. Trong Ja(kata s315 Sriputta sanh lm rn th Mah Moggallna sanh lm ch si. TrongJa(kata s 490, Sriputta sanh lm ngi th Mah Moggallna sanh lm th.

Duy nht ch trong bn Ja(kata (Tc Sanh Truyn) s 160, 187, 215 v476 l c hai sanh lm chim thin nga nh nhau.

Ri lc sanh lm ngi, a v ca Sriputta thng cng cao hn a vMah Moggallna (Mc-kin-lin). Hoc vo ngh nghip, Sriputta vntng i cc hn Mah Moggallna phn no nh trong Ja(kata s 525,Sriputta sanh lm Hong t th Mah Moggallna sanh lm quan i thn.Trong Ja(kata s 544, Sriputta sanh lm quan i thn th Mah

Moggallna sanh lm ngi hu cn. Trong Ja(kata s 151, Sri-putta sanhlm ngi xa phu cho Hong gia Bodhisatta th Mah Moggallna sanh lmxa phu cho hong thn Ananda.

Ring ln n Mah Moggallna sanh lm Nguyt thn th Sriputta sanhlm o s tn Na(rada( (Jkata s 535), v mt ln khc Sri-putta sanh lm

Nguyt thn th Maha( Mog-galla(na sanh lm mt v tin cao hn cai qunNht Cung (Jkata s 450). y l hai trng hp Mah Moggallna tisanh vo a v cao hn Sriputta.

Ni tm li, khi sanh k t ngi tr ln th hai nhn vt ny c a vtng ng nhau.

Tc Sanh Truyn cng c ghi mt ln duy nht Sriputta v MahMoggallna bng ti sanh lm hai i th. l Ja(kata s 545 thut li rngSriputta sanh lm Long vng (Nga) th Mah Moggallna sanh lm vuachim i bng (i bng iu vng) tn Supanna. Ging chim ny rt to,ch n tht rng rn.

Trng hp Tc Sanh Truyn (Ja(kata) ch ni n mt mnh MahMoggallna, m khng c s gp mt ca Sriputta rt him. Ch c hai ln:

a- Ln th nht Mah Moggallna sanh ln tri thay th Thin vng Thch (Sakka). Kinh Majjhima Nika(ya (Trung A Hm) on 37 thut: Khiy, v cha t ci tri (Tin thn Mah Moggallna) khin trch nhngThin vng tin nhim khng gi ng phm hnh, ri vi t cch l vua


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tri Sakka (tin thn Mah Moggallna) hin xung trn gian cnhtnh mt ngi bn bn tin (?) quay v vi o c v to dp cho ngi

bn y c ti sanh ln nhng ci cao hn (Jakta s 78).

Nhng trong mt kip khc, Sriputta v Mah Moggallna cng sanh lnlm ngi. C hai l nhng thng gia tham lam, em tin ca chn sudi t. Sau khi cht, mt ngi sanh lm rn, ngi kia sanh lm chut,o hang cnh ch ngy xa mnh chn giu tin bc (Theo Jkata s 73).

b- Cu chuyn th hai thut Maha( Mog-galla(na sanh lm ch rng. Khitm thy mt con voi xc cy lng bng cht, ch rng v hu n nn chuivo l hng ni bng voi, nm trong n cho bng thch. n khi n no,mt tri ln cao, xc voi snh bt kn l hng, cho khng chui ra c mihi hn th mun. Cu chuyn c ng tiu biu v cnh co nhng k

say m hng th (Jkata s 490).

Nhng Tc Sanh Truyn ni ting phi k l cu chuyn MahMoggallna sanh lm quan gi kho la go ca dn tc Kuru, v Sriputtasanh lm ngi li bun. C hai, mt bn gi ng bn phn ca mt cng

bc, mt bn mua bn hp php nn khng vi phm gii trm cp v tisang ot, d h ang c dp thun tin lm iu bt chnh m khng ai bit.

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9- NHNG NGY CUI CNG CA MAH( MOGGALL(NA

Su thng trc khi Pht nhp Nit-bn, s tch dit tch ri ln cuicng i bn Thnh nhn Sriputta v Mah Moggallna. Sri-putta nhmmt vo ngy trng trn thng Kattika (vo khong gia hai thng 10 vthng 11 Dng lch).

Sriputta vin tch ngay ni qu hng ngi cho i, v trong nh ca

cha m, rt xa ngi bn cao thng Mah Moggallna. Phi chng hai vThnh Tng y c qu A-la-hn ti hai ni khc nhau, nn h cng vintch hai a im khc nhau, mc d h tng tri qua bao nhiu kipkhng th tch ri nhau c?

V chng bao lu, sau khi Sriputta vin tch, Ma vng (Ma(ra), hinthn ca ti li v thn cht, tm cch hm hi Maha( Mog-galla(na bng


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cch xm nhp vo bn trong thn th ca v Thnh Tng ny. Ma vngph phch khp ng tng lc ph nhng khng th no gia hi ni i cMah Moggallna, v thin lc ca ngi vn an tr trn nh u, cn Mavng th khng dm ln gn trn .

Tuy nhin, Mah Moggallna vn hin t bo Ma vng rng: NyMa(ra! Ngi mau ra khi thn ta. Tuy tm hn ta hon ton thanh tnhkhng bao gi c t nim gia hi chng sanh nhng c nghip m ngiang lm s khin cho thn thng ta t ng pht tc th hu qu tt angi vo a ngc!.

Ma vng nghe th s hi v cng, lin bin thnh mt vt rt nh, nnp trong rut gi ca i c Mah Moggallna. Y ngh rng: Ngay cc Pht cng cha chc chn tm ra ta!.

Cht Ma vng nghe Mah Moggallna ni: Ny Ma(ra! Lun xa thn(Chakra) trong thn ta khng c ch no l khng th chiu ti, vy ngimau n nn ko c nghip thm dy!.

Ma vng by gi rt i kinh ngc, nhng cn hy vng l MahMoggallna ni m, ch khng bit xc thc hin y n np ch no. Nhtthi Ma vng yn lng.

on Ma vng nghe Thnh Tng ni tip: Ny Ma(ra, ngi angkhong gia rut gi ca ta. Ch lm ln cho l ta khng bit!.

By gi, Ma vng khng cn cch no lm khc c. Y lin nngtheo ng ming ca Mah Moggallna thot ra ngoi, v hin nguyn hnhng i din vi Thnh Tng ny.

Mah Moggallna lin bo cho Ma vng ln u trong ngy hm nay,m ngi bit r gc tch bao nhiu ngn i nghip qu trc ca hn.

Ngay c con chu, ma binh, ging di hn cn bao nhiu ngi cng bit nt.

Ri Mah Moggallna dng ba php Thn tr l Thin nhn thng, Thatm thng v Tc mng thng khut phc Ma vng bng mt cch hanh! S s dng thn thng ny v sau c ghi trong Kinh Majjhima

Nika(ya s 50 vi ta l: Mah Moggallna t thut v tin kip.

Sau y l nhng im chnh nhng g v Thnh Tng ny ni:


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Thu Pht qu kh tn l Kakusandha xut hin vo i kip tri t(Bhaddakappa), em dim phc n cho tam gii chng sanh, vi nm vPht khc. Ngi sng bng tui th trung bnh ca con ngi l bn trmngn nm. V khi s tm ti u tin trong ci tui th vng son y bt uche ng bi vua cha thiu c tnh tu thn, nn b mt thin tm. Ri lngtranh ginh ch k bt u xut hin. Do s suy i , sc sng v tui thca loi ngi b gim xung cn mt na.

Thu y, Mah Moggallna chnh l Ma(ra (Ma vng) honh hnh ccci tri Dc gii v th gian vi ci tn l Du(simra. Ma vng y c mtMa ch tn l Ka(li sanh c mt a con trai, sau ny tr thnh Mavng, ng vai thn cht vo thi k c Pht Thch Ca.

Nh vy, Ma vng ang ng trc mt kia khng ai khc hn l hngcon chu ca tin thn Mah Moggallna t mt i kip qu kh.

V khi lm Ma vng trong thu xa xi y tin thn Mah Moggallna si m tn cng mt v i t Pht qu kh bng cch hin thnh mt a

b, ly nhng mnh chn b, ling vo u ca v i t Pht kia cho nkhi mu.

Khi c Pht Kakusandha thy vy bn khuyn rng: Ma vng! Saongi c c th, nn bit hi tm! Ngay c qu Sa-tng cng c lc hili.

Pht ni dt, v ch trong nhy mt, ton thn Du(simra lin tiu tan rakhi v Ma(ra b a vo trong a ngc su nht.

Trc chng bao lu, Ma vng l Vua ca cc cnh a ngc thby gi chnh Ma vng l nn nhn ca a ngc. Lc trc Ma vng ltay hnh h ti phm, by gi Ma vng phi chu tt c nhng gia hnhtng t. l php thay i nhanh chng trong ci Samsa(ra (Cn khn

sinh t ).

Tri qua khng bit bao nhiu ngn nm, tin thn Mah Moggallna phichu nhiu au kh trong cnh a ngc tr qu ngu mui, nng ni, xc

phm n mt v Thnh Tng. Mi ngn nm khc, tin thn ca MahMoggallna cn chu cm c trong mt a ngc mang mnh ngi u c,


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ging nh ha s Pieter Breughel v nhng sinh vt trn mt bc tngni v a ngc vy.

, c mi khi Phm Ma b hai ngn gio trng pht m xuyn quatri tim th s bit rng thi gian trn dng th tri qua hai ngn nm ri.(Theo Majjhima Nikya s 50)

By gi thy li Ma vng (Ma(ra), Mah Moggallna cht nh nnhng hi hng trong vng lun hi qu kh (Samsa(ra) m hin ti ngic hon ton gii thot, nn tm hn ngi tr nn thanh tnh, Ph lc cngt ng pht tc lm rung chuyn mt t, khin Ma vng hong s chymt.

Sau khi Ma vng i ri, Mah Moggallna t nh: y l kip cht ca

ta! S sanh t chc chn s chm dt! L mt Thnh nhn ta khng thy cl do no ham m mt kip sng gi to. Ta cn sng l bi v thn th tacha n lc tiu hoi. Tuy trong mnh ta c thn thng, ta tha sc s dng

php l sng lu bng mt kip tri t, nhng ta lm vy ch li g? Tann cho Qu v thng biu dng bn cht t nhin ca n!.

Nh nhiu nh Hin trit v i khc ng phng ( chu) v cngnh ch Thnh Tng thi c Pht, Mah Moggallna lu li hu thmt loi t thut di hnh thc k ngn gi l Theraga(tha( (Tn Tc K

Ngn) trong ngi tm lc nhng php chnh ngi tu tp c giithot, v xuyn qua bao nhiu tin kip cho ch i sng sau cng, ngi vngi ng hnh nguyn khng lo u, khng thi chuyn! Bit bao hnh phck diu trong qu v gii thot v cc thn thng thng tha lm chonhng k khc trn ngp ph lc, mc dnh trong nhng hnh phc thntin nhng i vi Mah Moggallna, ngi vn thn nhin nh mt ngnni ph y hoa! ( ni ngn ni khng bao gi bit hnh din trc svng chc v v p ca mnh).

Nhng k ngn ca ngi trong Theraga(tha( c th tm tt bng mt cu

i nh sau:

Khng cn ci vng sanh t lun hi no (Sama(ra) trong tam gii mbn Tng cha khm ph. Cng khng cn mt quyn lc v minh no cth che ng c Thnh tu ca bn Tng. Kh no t nay s khng cn giahi bn Tng na, v bn Tng ang sng trong mt phm cch thanh tnhvt khi tt c s au n v bt an ca kip lun hi!.


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Khi u Theraga(tha(, k ngn ni: u v khi no nhng k khctham lam, ch k, th Mah Moggallna gi cuc i n dt, hi lng vi lisng thanh m v gim thiu thm mun. (Theragth, cc cu t 1446n 1449)

Thu n c mt c gi lng chi xinh p tm cch d d, MahMoggallna lin dt khot t chi. Ngi t chi nh c Pht t chi squyn r ca nhng nng con gi Ma vng. (Theragth, cc cu t 1150n 1157)

Khi Sriputta, ngi bn cao thng nht ca ngi vin tch, ngi khngb khch ng hay b au bun mt cch thng thit nh Ananda (lc ycha c qu A-la-hn). Ngc li, Mah Moggallna nhn tin bn mnh

qua i mt cch nghim trang v thanh tnh. (Theragth, cc cu t 1158n 1163)

Tip theo, Theraga(tha( (k ngn) chuyn sang nhng cu ni v bn lnhsiu phm ca Mah Moggallna. Chng hn nh chuyn ngi lm lunglay nhiu ta nh ca mt tu vin bng ngn chn (cu 1164), chuyn nginhp nh mt cch v ngi trong khe ni gia cn ma gi sm st (cu1167). Ri t cch n tu mt cch bnh thn nhng ni xa xi ho lnh,ngi qu tht xng ng lm ngi tha t c Pht v ng cho cc hngPhm Thin l bi (cu 1169).

Ring nhng cu Theraga(tha( t 1169 n 1173 l nhng cu MahMoggallna khuyn nh mt ngi B-la-mn d oan v t kin khi ngiy thy i c Mah Moggallna i kht thc v ph bng. MahMoggallna n ha cnh co lo B-la-mn v nhng c v cc hnh ngxu xa nh th, khuyn v ny nn knh trng cc bc Thnh nhn! Nhngcu k ngn s 1176 cng l k ngn Mah Moggallna tn dng Sriputta.

Cn cc k ngn s 1177 n 1181 dng nh l nhng li ca chnh i

c Sriputta ca ngi i c Mah Moggallna.

Tip theo l nhng cu t 1182 n 1186, Mah Moggallna dng tkim sot li php tu chng v t c qu v gii thot ca mnh nh bn

phn trn ht m ngi hon tt.


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Cui cng, cc k ngn t 1187 n 1208 l nhng k ngn thut liMah Moggallna cm thng Ma vng nh th no, tng t nh bn Kinhc ta i Din Thn Cht tm thy trong b Majjhima Nika(ya (Trung AHm) s 50 ni trn y vy.

(Li ph gii ca Dch gi: Ma vng trong ngn ng Pht gio thngc dng vi hai hm : Hm th nht m ch t tnh trong nhc thncon ngi, ngha l khi no c mt thn th sinh hot l khi y c s c mtca t tnh. Hnh ng d bng thn hay bng khng g khc hn l tomt chu k nng lc, trong s tiu th cc t bo phi din ra v Ttnh (tc cc t bo c phi dit) ng nhin pht hin. Hm th hai: Mavng tc l mt loi chng sanh khc loi ngi nhng thng lui ti trongci ngi, m mt phm t ai c th trng thy c).

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10- KT THC CUC I

C ba s vin tch cn nhc li:

1- c Pht nhp dit mt cch siu phm vi ng T-kheo Tngvy quanh. c Th Tn nhp su vo i nh v trt hi th cui cng.

2- i c Sriputta (X-li-pht) bit trc ngy gi vin tch, vi tr liqu hng cng vi mt s thn cn. Sriputta chn mt khung cnhv cng trang nghim va tip m gi va vin tch. y l cn phngngy xa ngi cho i. Tuy trc khi nhm mt Sriputta b bnh,nhng v Thnh Tng ny nhp Nit-bn mt cch rt siu thot, c cch Thin n thm vo pht cht.

3- i c A-nan (Ananda) hng th n mt trm hai mi tui mi tgi ci i. Ngi c l l ngi sng lu nht trong cc hng Thanh-vn

t Pht. V A-nan l v Thnh Tng rt thun thc trong thin nh ly lalm mc, nn trc khi vin tch Ananda cht c tm nim rng: Ta skhng cho bt c ai bn rn trong vic ha tng xc thn phm tc ny!.Sau Ananda nhp thin vo mc la ri vin tch lun. Xc thn ngit nhin bc chy v bin thnh ha tng.


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Trc ba cnh nhp Nit-bn y ngha , ai cng tng rng ThnhTng Maha( Mog-galla(na s nhp dit mt cch k diu, nht l v ThnhTng ny li l bc Thng tha ca cc loi thn thng.

Nhng Mah Moggallna chm dt cuc i mt cch rt ngthng, rt cm ng (nu khng mun ni l gh rn). V ch c nhng bcThnh nhn t tm trn nh ngi mi c th vin tch bng mt ci chtthm khc nh th.

Mah Moggallna nhp dit na thng sau i c Sriputta. Ngha lvo ngy trng non (mng 1) sau thng Kattika (khong gia hai thng 10 v11 Dng lch). Lc y nhm ma thu, l vng ri y tin a ngi gi tbin kh.

m Pht nhp Nit-bn l m trng trn thng Vesakha (nhm thng 5Dng lch) tc l na nm sau hai v i t vin tch. Pht hng thtm mi tui, trong khi c Sriputta ln Mah Moggallna t trn nmth 84 ca kip cht.

Sau y l nhng bin c ng thng trong ci cht ca MahMoggallna:

Lc y Na(thaputta (Ni-kin-t), Gio ch o La th (Jains: Jinas) mtrong Kinh in Pa(li gi l Niganthasa(sana (Ni-kin gio) cng va quai.

C s tranh lun, xt li gio l ca Ni-kin-t bng xut hin trong hngng nh

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