CURSOS DE VERANO UPM TECNOLOGÍA NUCLEAR Y SOCIEDAD · 1 J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM,2 Julio 2007 1 CURSOS DE VERANO UPM TECNOLOGÍA NUCLEAR

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J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM, 2 Julio 2007 1

CURSOS DE VERANO UPMTECNOLOGÍA NUCLEAR Y SOCIEDAD

La Granja – 2-3 Julio, 2007

Mesa redonda:Plataformas Tecnológicas en Energía Nuclear

La Plataforma Europea SNE-TP:Sustainable Nuclear Energy – Tech. Platform

José Mª Aragonés BeltránDepartamento de Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM


European Technology Platform on Sustainable Nuclear Energy (SNE-TP)

- SNFTP-CA: Coordination Action FP6:start Oct 2006 – 2 years

- SNE-TP Vision Report (June 2007, COM)

- Launch of the Nuclear Fission TP(name: SNE-TP)21st September 2007 in Brusselsat COM with Commissioner(s)

� Large consensus on the process and on the Vision of the Technology Platform

� Broad participation of the « Community of Interest »

� Organising Committee for the Conference:(COM, CEA, UPM, Foratom, etc.)

- Agree on “Roadmaps” (WPs)

- Agree on « Structure » for the TP:Roles and involvement of all actors

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Vision Report on SNE-TP: Background

• Nuclear fission energy can deliver safe, sustainable, practically carbon-free and competitive energy to Europe’s citizens and industries.

• In the frame of the Strategic Energy Technology Plan [1], the European Commission has invited stake-holders to formulate a collective vision of the contributions this energy could make towards Europe’s transition to a low-carbon energy mix by 2050.

• The Vision Report has been prepared within the framework of two Euratom FP-6 Coordination Actions, namely SNF-TP (Sustainable Nuclear Fission Technology Platform) and PATEROS (Partitioning and Transmutation European Roadmap for a Sustainable Nuclear Energy), with contributions from Europe’s Technical Safety Organisations.Contributors: ANSALDO Italy, AREVA France, CEA France, CIEMAT Spain, CNRS

France, EDF France, ENEA Italy, FZD Germany, FZK Germany, KFKI Hungary, JRC, ECJSI Slovenia, NEXIA Solutions UK, NRG The Netherlands, PSI Switzerland, SCK•CEN Belgium, UJV Tcheque Republic, University of Karlsruhe Germany, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Spain, University of Roma Italy, VATTENFALL Sweden, VTT Finland, AVN Belgium, GRS Germany, IRSN France.

[1] Towards a European Strategic Energy Technology Plan, COM(2006) 847


Vision Report on SNE-TP: Executive Summary

• The Vision Report prepares the launch of the European Technology Platform on Sustainable Nuclear Energy (SNE-TP).

• It proposes a vision for the near, medium and long term development of nuclear fission energy technologies, with the aim of achieving a sustainable production of nuclear energy, a significant progress in economic performance and the highest level of safety as well as resistance to proliferation.

• In particular, this document proposes roadmaps for the development and deployment of potentially sustainable nuclear technologies, as well as actions to harmonize Europe’s training and education, while renewing its research infrastructures.

• Public acceptance is also an important issue for the development of nuclear energy.

• The proposed roadmaps provide the backbone for a Strategic Research Agenda to maintain Europe’s leadership in the nuclear energy sector.

• By emphasizing the key role of nuclear energy within Europe’s energy mix, this document also contributes to the European Commission’s Strategic Energy Technology Plan, by calling on Europe to mobilise the resources needed to fulfil the vision of sustainable nuclear energy.

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Wor

ld P

rimar

y E

nerg

y S

ourc

es (G

toe)

6

6,5

7

7,5

8

8,5

9

Wor

ld P

opul

atio

n (B

illio

ns)

Other RenewablesBiomass

Nuclear

GasOil

Coal

Population

Source IEA 2003 : Energy to 2050 -Scenarios for a Sustainable Future

Sustainable Development Vision Scenario (IEA 2003)


A : High growth (Income, energy, technology)

B : Modest growth

C : Ecologically driven growth

Source : IIASA/WEC, 1998

Global Energy Perspectives (WEC- IIASA 1998)

Hypothesis B ⇒ 19.7 Gtoe in 2050

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What should respect a sustainable scenario ?

• Limiting of CO2 emissions

• Energy supply security

• Access to energy for underprivileged populations

An increasing energy demand in the world

by 2050, but also

Nuclear energy could be used even more extensively if:• The 2.5 Gtoe not yet allocated cannot be obtained from fossil fuels• The 5 Gtoe Energy Management (MDE) and 5 Gtoe Renewable Energies (ENR)

cannot be met


If the world nuclear park is based on “current” technology with an installed capacity which will remain stable until 2020 and then could grow linearly until 2050, the uranium resources consumed and earmarked in 2050 would be :

What nuclear reactors for future ?

1916126Unat consumed and earmarked in

2050 (Mt)

170014001000400Installed capacity in 2050 (GWe)

3.22.51.80.7Nuclear primary energy in 2050

(Gtoe)

The “known” resources of U (15 million tons) will have been earmarked once the installed capacity reaches 1300 GWe⇒ Breeding, or at least iso-generation, reactors will therefore

be needed before this time.

Technological Break

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The Evolution of Nuclear Power

Generation I

Generation II

1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090

Generation III

First First ReactorsReactors

UNGGCHOOZ

Current Current ReactorsReactors

REP 900 REP 1300

N4 EPR

Advanced Advanced ReactorsReactors

Future Future SystemsSystems

Generation IV


Future Nuclear Energy Systems Future Nuclear Energy Systems (Source: JRC (Source: JRC –– Brussels Brussels -- 2006)2006)

Save natural resources (U, Th)Reuse (U, Pu) fromexisting reactors

Enhance proliferation resistance

Pu burning,Integration of fuel cycle

Minimize Waste production

Integral recycling of actinides

SAFETY

Operation/AccidentsSevere conditions

ECONOMICS

CompetitivenessInvestment cost

5 fundamental criteriaMissions and additional criteria

• Electricity generation

• Hydrogen production• /HT process heat

• Long-lived radioactive waste burning

• High sustainability

• Symbiosis with existing LWRs

• Flexible adaptation to diverse fuel cycles

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European strategy for nuclear energy ?

Primary energy

Electricity

nuclear16%

coal16%

gas21%

oil41%

renewable6%

EU

nuclear35%

coal31%

gas13%

oil8%

hydro11%

others2%

Nuclear energy currently plays a key role within the European Union

butthe lack of a common nuclear vision through the European Union has lead to a non favourable political environment for its development

However, 3 recent events could change that :Ø The Green Paper, “Towards a European Energy Security Strategy”, published by the EC in November 2000Ø The effective participation of EURATOM in the Gen IV International Forum since September 2003Ø The “International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy” signed in Washington in November 2003


3 rd Generation Reactors

§ Generation 3 is an important improvement in terms of safety, resource and waste management.à developments in reactor and materials modelling and simulation tools, with experimental validation : common European standards

NURESIM + PERFECT (FP6)à NURESP + PERFORM (FP7)

§ Construction of 400 Gwe in the coming twenty years (half to renew obsolescent power plants, half to cope with the increase of energy demand), European Green Book.Out of 400 GWe, 100 Gwe nuclear is a reasonable assumption i.e around 150 G€ investment.

§ An Euratom participation of 20 M€/year, represents less than 0,3% of the average annual European investment over the 20 years period.

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• Concepts with breakthroughsüMinimization of wastes

ü Preservation of resourcesüNon Proliferation

Ø Assets for new markets :- attractiveness- simplicity, robustness- safety, non proliferation

Ø Assets for new applications :- hydrogen production- direct use of heat- sea water desalination

Ø New requirements for sustainable nuclear energy

GEN IV : paves the way for a sustainable nuclear energy

• Gradual improvements inüCompetitiveness

ü Safety and reliability

Génération IV

International Forum

Members

Génération IV

International Forum

Members

U.S.A.U.S.A.

ArgentinaArgentina

BrazilBrazil

CanadaCanada

FranceFrance

JapanJapan

South AfricaSouth Africa

UnitedUnitedKingdomKingdom

South KoreaSouth Korea

SwitzerlaSwitzerlandnd

E.U.E.U.


4th Generation Reactors

1 GUSD between 2005 and 2015

à Initial estimation of the global Gen4 RTD program in around 4 G€ between 2005 and 2015.

à Transmutation may be also in ADS system and ADS design and safety studies will continue

à European contribution (Member states + Euratom):400 x ¼ = 100 M€/an

one third Euratom participation : 130 M€/FP.

Example of development cost for VHTR concept, excluding a demonstration reactor :

80 MUSD250 MUSD270 MUSD300 MUSD100 MUSD

High performanceHelium turbine

H2 productionMaterials and components

Fuel and fuel cycle

Design and safety

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European RTD in Energy within the Framework Programmes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

FP1 FP2 FP3 FP4 FP5 FP6

Framework Programme

Per

cen

tag

e o

f F

P B

ud

get

EuratomFissionEnergy

(Source: World Energy Council)


Nuclear Power Reinassance

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US-DOE GNEP: Global Nuclear Energy Partnership

A comprehensive strategy to support Civilian Nuclear Power expansion worldwide


US-DOE GNEP: Global Nuclear Energy Partnership

Initially GNEP envisions three facilities

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European Nuclear Fission Tech. Platform (SNF-TP): Scope

Management of radioactive waste• Geological disposal

• Partitioning & Transmutation


• Partitioning & Transmutation Key cross-cutting

activities

• Research infrastructures

• Human resources, mobility & training

Key cross-cutting activities



Radiation protectionRadiation protection

Reactor systems• Nuclear installation safety• Sustainable nuclear systems



• Partitioning & Transmutation


• Partitioning & Transmutation Key cross-cutting

activities



Key cross-cutting activities



Radiation protectionRadiation protection



SNFSNF--TPTP

SNF-

TP


SNF-TP CA Project Structure and Management

Project Coordinator (CEA)

Executive Committee

SP2: PlatformDeployment Strategy (EDF)

SP1: Strategic Research Agenda ; Platform Organization & Operation,

including WP1.7 (CEA)

WP1.1: Materials and Fuel Development (PSI)

WP1.4: Training and R&DInfrastructures (CEA)

WP1.2: Simulation Tools for Reactor Design and Safety (U-Ka)

WP1.5: Light Water Reactors(VTT)

WP1.3: System Integration:Fast and Thermal Reactors, Fuel

Cycles with P&T, Waste Processes (SCK*CEN /NEXIA/U-Roma)

WP1.6: High Temperature Reactors and Processes (AREVA)

EuropeanCommission

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European SNE-TP – Strategic Research Agenda

Interactions of SNE-TP

with other Technological Platforms or international

initiatives


SNF-TP Roadmaps: Fast Reactors and Simulation

Phase 0 NURESIM PERFECT

Phase1

NURESIM-2PERFECT -2

R&D physics & numerics

ExperimentalValidation

Including Sensitivities and Uncertainties

Phase 2

Software Architecture Multi-scales development & multi-physics

coupling

R&D: physics & numerics

Validation & Qualification

Phase 3

FurtherDevelopments

Consolidation

Validation & Qualification

New generation of simulation tools;

Multi -scales;Multi -Physics;

Validation;Qualification

Standardization

Roadmap for Development, Validation and Qualification of Simulations Tools

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20152014 2015……

Confirmation of design features Pre-selection of design features

Assessment of innovations

Preliminary and detailed designs, Safety analysis reports, Validation R&D, Construction

Technological R&D on pre-selected design features

2007 2009 2012 2015 2020

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NURESIM: European Nuclear Reactor Simulation Platform

SALOME platform

GEOM MESH DATASUPERV VISU

codescriptData base

NURESIM Core Physics

( …)

code

scriptData base

NURESIM Thermal-Hydraulics

( …)

Couplingco

descriptData base

NURESIM Multi-Physics

( …)

Data model

code

script

NURESIM Sensitivity & Uncertainty

( …)

methods

Core Core PhysicsPhysics

ThermalThermal--HydraulicsHydraulics

MultiMulti--PhysicsPhysics

S & US & U

IntegrationIntegration


NEPTUNE CoreComponent (FLICA-4)

APOLLO2NURESIM

ANDES

TRIPOLI4

CORE PHYSICS

PLATFORM

Monte Carlo reference

calculationroute

Core calculation

Deterministic validated calculation

route

SP1

SP3SP5

SP3

DESCARTESCORE V2

CRONOS2

APOLLO2NURESIM

COBAYA3 DYN3D

Lattice calculation

SAPHYB

View of the NURESIM Core Physics Platform

Documents

CURSOS DE VERANO UPM TECNOLOGÍA NUCLEAR Y SOCIEDAD · 1 J.M. Aragonés – Dept. Ingeniería Nuclear – UPM Cursos Verano UPM,2 Julio 2007 1 CURSOS DE VERANO UPM TECNOLOGÍA NUCLEAR