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A Reality in Bangladesh
Regional Consultation on Resilience
06-08 Feb, 2013
Hotel Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal
Shah Md. Ashraful Amin
Christian Aid-Bangladesh
Presented at the Christian Aid Regional Consultation on Resilience South Asia06-08 Feb 2013, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Outline of the Discussion
What are the major consequences?
Why Bangladesh is Vulnerable to CC?
Climate Change (CC) Stressors and theirImpacts on BD
Challenges for the vulnerable community
Challenges from CC Perspective
Socio-economic and Physical DimensionImmediate Response
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Consequences of CC
Temperature Rise
Land Surface Temperature
Sea Surface Temperature
Variation in Precipitation
Sea Level Rise
Majority of the impacts of climate change can bereflected in water. This is:
a. Too much waterb. Too little waterc. Wrong type of waterd. Wrong timing of water
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Changes in Means
Changes Potential ImpactsIncrease in temperature Reduction of crop yield
Scarcity of water/Drought
Human health, LS, PoultryVariation in precipitation Increase risk of flooding
Increase risk of water logging
Increase risk of landslideIncrease risk of in-migrationdue to river bank erosion
SLR Salinity intrusion, Inundation
CC Stressors and Consequences
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Changes in ExtremesChanges Potential Impacts
Flood Damage to households in slum and squatter areas
Damage to roads and other infrastructures
Damage to utility services
Spread out of water borne diseasesDrought Severe water scarcity
Heat or coldwaves
Short term changes in energy demand
Health stress due to extra heat or cold
Tornado Damage to households in slum and squatter areas
Damage to utility services
Cyclone Wash away everything
CC Stressors and Consequences
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Changes in Exposure
Changes Potential Impacts
Population
Movements
People are exposed to
hazards
Biological changes Increase of vector bornediseases;
High rate of malaria,dengue, typhoid
CC Stressors and Consequences
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CCSigna
l
Time
Base line
The cumulative effect of baselineshift and accentuation of extreme
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CCSigna
l
Time
Base line
Accentuation of extremes
Cont.
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Temp Rise
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Temp Rise
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Changes in rainfall
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Increasing frequency of
extreme eventsDecades No. of events
Flood Cyclone Tornado Drought
80s 1 7 2 3
90s 3 4 1 3
00s 9 7 6 1
01s 6 1 5 0
Total 19 19 14 7
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WHY BANGLADESH IS VULNERABLE??
The Bengal Delta is the product of complex hydrological andsedimentation processes of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
(GBM) river systems
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Sea Level RiseThe IPCC 3rd Assessment report estimated
that the global rise in sea level from 1990 to2100 would be between 9 and 88 cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
8090
100
Year 2030 Year 2050 Year 2100
Year
S
LR(cm)
TAR/ NAPA SMRC
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SLR trend in Bangladesh
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Hiron Point Char Changa Coxs Bazar
Station
m
m/yr
SMRC 2010
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Sea
Level
Rise
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SLR and Mangrove Forest
Source: Kibria, G. 2012
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Cyclone
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Erratic
Rainfa
ll
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Flood
Flood 2004
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R
iverBa
nkErosion
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EXISTING DROUGHTB SITUATION,
AND DROUGHT SITUATION IN THE YEARS 2030 & 2075
EXISTING DROUGHT
DROUGHT CLASSES
Very Severe Drought
Severe Drought
Moderate Drought
Less Moderate Drought
Slight Drought
Very Slight to Nil
Severe & Moderate
Moderate & Less Moderate
SunderbansForest
ADDITIONAL DROUGHT
PRONE AREAS IN 2030
ADDITIONAL DROUGHT
PRONE AREAS IN 2075
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Way forward
Manage the Unavoidable =Adaptation
Avoid the Unmanageable =Mitigation
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National Adaptation Programme of
Action (NAPA) 2005, revised in 2009 45 measures; 18 prioritized; (9 short
term, 9 mid term)
Bangladesh Climate Change Strategyand Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2008,revised in 2009
10 year prog (2009-2018)
6 pillars; 44 programmes, 145 actions
Response to CC
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Climate Change Trust Fund Act 2010
Formation of Climate Change Trust Fund 100 M$/year since 2010 from national budget
Climate Change Unit under MoEF
Financial support to different ministries andgovt. departments
National NGOs
Climate Change Resilience Fund
Response to CC
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Raised Plinth Height
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HomesteadG
arden
onRaisedPl
inth
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Raised Plinth ofToilet
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LivestockDuringFlood
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Preservation of HouseholdAssets Over False Ceiling
Storage of Food for Flood
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Storage of Safe DrinkingWater & Dry Food
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Community based rainwater harvesting
Household based rainwater harvesting
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Floating GardenDuring Flood
Locally Known asBaira Cultivation
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Raised Tube Well
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Store Extra Furnace
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Protecting fromErosion
Protecting IGA
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Community People Using the Water of
Re-excavated Pond
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Pond Sand Filter
H h ld B d R i W H i i
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Household Based Rain Water Harvesting in
Drought Prone Area
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Drip Irrigation
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Household Based Irrigation
Farming
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Crab Farming in Saline Water
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Chickpeas in Drought Area
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THANK YOU