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viii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ i
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN......................................................................... ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN................................................................................. iii
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ............. iv
PRAKATA....................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. xiii
DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................ xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR BAGAN .......................................................................................... xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... xvii
INTISARI......................................................................................................... xviii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN........................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 2
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian...................................................................... 3
1.3.1. Tujuan Umum............................................................... 3
1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus .............................................................. 3
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian.................................................................... 3
1.4.1. Manfaat Teoritis............................................................ 3
1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis ............................................................. 3
ix
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.................................................................. 4
2.1. Sifat fisik .................................................................................. 4
2.1.1. Salep ............................................................................. 4
2.1.2. Sifat Fisik Sediaan Salep .............................................. 4
2.1.3. Basis Salep.................................................................... 6
2.1.4. Uji Sifat Fisik Sediaan Salep ........................................ 8
2.2. Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis
L.) ............................................................................................. 10
2.2.1. Teh Hijau ...................................................................... 10
2.2.2. Taksonomi .................................................................... 10
2.2.3. Morfologi Tanaman ...................................................... 11
2.2.4. Kandungan Teh Hijau................................................... 12
2.2.5. Manfaat Teh Hijau........................................................ 13
2.2.6. Fraksi Etil Asetat .......................................................... 14
2.2.7. Etil Asetat ..................................................................... 15
2.3. Hubungan Sifat Fisik dan Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun
Teh Hijau .................................................................................. 15
2.4. Ekstraksi ................................................................................... 16
2.5. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) ..................... 19
2.6. Kerangka Teori ......................................................................... 20
2.7 Kerangka Konsep ..................................................................... 20
2.8 Hipotesis ................................................................................... 20
x
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................ 21
3.1. Jenis Penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian............................... 21
3.2. Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ........................................... 21
3.2.1. Variabel Bebas.............................................................. 21
3.2.2. Variabel Tergantung ..................................................... 21
3.2.3. Definisi Operasional ..................................................... 21
3.3. Populasi dan Sampel................................................................. 22
3.2.1. Populasi ........................................................................ 22
3.2.2. Sampel .......................................................................... 22
3.2.3. Replikasi eksperimen.................................................... 22
3.4. Instrumen dan Bahan Penelitian............................................... 22
3.5. Cara Penelitian.......................................................................... 23
3.5.1. Determinasi Tanaman................................................... 23
3.5.2. Fraksinasi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau
(Camellia sinensis L.) ................................................... 23
3.5.3. Spesifikasi EGCG......................................................... 23
3.5.4. Kondisi KCKT Untuk Penetapan Kadar
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)............................. 24
3.5.5. Formulasi Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau
(Camellia sinensis L.) ................................................... 24
3.5.6. Pembuatan Salep Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis
L.).................................................................................. 25
xi
3.5.7. Evaluasi Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau
(Camellia sinensi L.) .................................................... 25
3.6. Tempat dan Waktu ................................................................... 26
3.7. Analisis Hasil............................................................................ 26
3.8. Alur Kerja Penelitian ............................................................... 27
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN............................... 28
4.1. Hasil Penelitian......................................................................... 28
4.1.1. Determinasi Tanaman................................................... 28
4.1.2. Pembuatan Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau 29
4.1.3. Penetapan Kadar Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) 29
4.1.4. Hasil Uji Homogenitas ................................................. 32
4.1.5. Hasil Uji Daya sebar..................................................... 32
4.1.6. Hasil Uji Daya Lekat .................................................... 33
4.1.7. Hasil Uji pH.................................................................. 34
4.1.8. Analisis Data................................................................. 34
4.2. Pembahasan .............................................................................. 37
4.2.1. Determinasi Tumbuhan ................................................ 37
4.2.3. Pembuatan Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau 38
4.2.4. Penetapan Kadar Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) 39
4.2.5. Homogenitas ................................................................. 40
4.2.6. Daya lekat ..................................................................... 41
4.2.7. Daya Sebar.................................................................... 42
4.2.8. Derajat Keasaman (pH) ................................................ 43
xii
4.2.9. Konsentrasi Salep Yang Efektif ................................... 43
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN........................................................... 45
5.1. Kesimpulan............................................................................... 45
5.2. Saran ......................................................................................... 45
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 46
xiii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
BPOM : Balai Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan
Depkes RI : Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
EGCG : Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
HPLC : High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
PEG : Poli Etilen Glikol
PH : Potential of Hydrogen (Derajat Keasaman)
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Formulasi sediaan salep daun teh hijau ...................................... 24
Tabel 4.1 Kadar Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG).................................. 29
Tabel 4.2 Data Waktu Retensi dan Lebar Alas Puncak Yang Berdekatan
Pada Sampel 1 ............................................................................... 29
Tabel 4.3 Data Waktu Retensi dan Lebar Alas Puncak Yang Berdekatan
Pada Sampel 2 ............................................................................... 30
Tabel 4.4 Hasil Uji Presisi (%RSD).............................................................. 31
Tabel 4.5 Hasil Rata-Rata Perolehan Kembali (% Recovery) ...................... 31
Tabel 4.6 Hasil Uji Homogenitas .................................................................. 32
Tabel 4.7 Nilai Rata–Rata Hasil Uji Daya Sebar (cm2) ................................ 33
Tabel 4.8 Nilai Rata–Rata Hasil Uji Daya Lekat (detik) .............................. 33
Tabel 4.9 Nilai Rata–Rata Hasil Uji pH........................................................ 34
Tabel 4.10 Uji Normalitas Daya Lekat ........................................................... 34
Tabel 4.11 Uji Homogenitas Daya Lekat........................................................ 35
Tabel 4.12 Uji Kruskal Wallis Daya Lekat ..................................................... 35
Tabel 4.13 Uji Normalitas Daya Sebar ........................................................... 36
Tabel 4.14 Uji Normalitas Daya Sebar ........................................................... 36
Tabel 4.15 Uji Kruskal Wallis Daya Sebar ..................................................... 36
Tabel 4.16 Analisa Data pH ............................................................................ 37
xv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Daun Camellia sinensis L............................................................. 11
Gambar 2.2 Struktur senyawa Katekin ............................................................ 13
Gambar 4.1 Kurva Kalibrasi (Konsentrasi Vs Luas Area) .............................. 30
xvi
DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2.1 Kerangka Teori ............................................................................... 20
Bagan 2.2 Kerangka Konsep............................................................................ 20
Bagan 3.1 Alur Kerja Penelitian ...................................................................... 27
xvii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Surat Keterangan Bebas Laboratorium .................................... 49
Lampiran 2. Ethical Cleareance .................................................................... 50
Lampiran 3. Determinasi Tanaman............................................................... 51
Lampiran 4. Hasil Uji Kadar Air .................................................................. 52
Lampiran 5. Hasil Uji Penetapan Kadar EGCG ........................................... 53
Lampiran 6 Hasil Uji Metode Validasi ........................................................ 54
Lampiran 7. Hasil Kromatogram EGCG Sampel 1 ...................................... 55
Lampiran 8. Hasil Kromatogram EGCG Sampel 2 ...................................... 56
Lampiran 9. Perhitungan Selektivitas Penetapan Kadar EGCG................... 57
Lampiran 10. Perhitungan linearitas ............................................................... 58
Lampiran 11. Tabel LOD dan LOQ............................................................... 59
Lampiran 12. Perhitungan LOD dan LOQ..................................................... 60
Lampiran 13. Tabel Hasil Presisi dan Akurasi ............................................... 61
Lampiran 14. Perhitungan Presisi dan Akurasi............................................... 62
Lampiran 15. Analisa Data Uji Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau
Sediaan Salep............................................................................ 64
Lampiran 16. Dokumentasi penelitian ............................................................ 75