44    

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Dahlan, Sofwan. Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik. Pedoman Bagi Dokter dan

Penegak Hukum. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. 2007.

h. 47- 65.

2. Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik, Bagian Kedokteran Forensik Fakulatas

Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Thanatologi. Jakarta: Bagian Kedokteran

Forensik Fakulatas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. 1997. h. 25-35.

3. Janquiera L.C, Carneira J, Kelley R.O. Sistem Pernapasan. In: Basic Histology. Ed

8. Trans. Susiarto K, Alex S (editors). Jakarta: EGC. 1997. p. 342-344.

4. Lee R, Rossman C, O’brodovich H. Assessment of post-mortem respiratory

ciliary motility and ultrastructure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987. 136:445–7.

5. Moore, Keith L. and Arthur F. Dalley. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Ed

4.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 1999. p. 288-295

6. Gartner, Leslie P. James L, Hiatt. Color Atlas of Histology. Ed 3.

Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2000. p. 119-125

7. Campbell, N.A. Biologi. California: The Benjamin Commings Publishing

Company. 1993.[cited 2012 Des 08]

8. Lange K. Role of microvillar cell surfaces in the regulation of glucose uptake

and organtization of energy metabolism. Am J physical cell physiol. 2002;

282.[cited 2012 Des 08]

9. Vereb G, Szollosi J, Matko J, et al. Dynamic, yet structured: The Cell

Membrane Three Decades After The Singer-Nicolom Model. Proc natl acad

sci USA. 2003; 100: 8053.

10. Schwa A. Function and spatial distribution of ion channels and transporters in

cell migration. Am J physical renal physiol. 2001; 280: f739.

11. Wolfe, S.L. Molecular and Cellular Biology. California: Wadsworth

Publishing Company Melmont. 1993. p. 157-162

   

 

45  

 

12. Yasa FY. Perbedaan Waktu Transportasi Mukosiliar Hidung Pada Penderita

Rhinosinusitis Maksila Kronis Dengan Cavum Nasi Normal. Departemen

Kesehatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok Kepa Leher Fakultas Kedokteran

USU. [internet]. 2008 [cited 2013 Jan 14]. Available from:

http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/6434/1/Yanti%20Fitri%20Ya

sa.pdf.  

13. Regar E, Keiko F, Yasmin AF. Diskusi Topik Bahaya. Modul Praktik Klinik

Pulmonologi. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia [internet]. No date

[cited 2012 Des 27]. Available from:

http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/86529852/417119299/name/Diskusi+Topik+B

ahaya+Rokok.docx.  

14. Anonim. Universitas Sumatera Utara [internet]. No date [cited 2013 Jan 14].

Available from:

http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/25985/4/Chapter%20I1.pdf.

15. Meisnez CCF, Cosson J, Huitorel P, Blaive B. Temperature effect on the

ciliary beat frequency of human nasal and tracheal ciliated cells. Biol cell.

1993; 4: 1-4.

16. Howard C, Adelman M. Establishing The Time of Death in : Forensic

Medicine. New York : Infobase Publishing. 2007. p. 20-26.

17. Morgan C, Nokes LDM, et al. Postmortem Changes and Determination of

The Time of Death. Forensic Science International. 1988. 39 (1): p. 89-95.

18. Gelardi M, Atlas of nasal cytology for the differential diagnosis of nasal

diseases. Centro Scientifico Editore. 2007. Torino 21–26 P. 16–17

19. Gore CJ, Clark SA, Saunders PU. Nonhematological Mechanisms of

Improved Sea-Level Performance After Hypoxic Exposure.2007.p.256-271

20. Kenneth B, Alistair S. Altitude Oxygen Calculator Apex (Altitude Physiology

Expeditions). 2006. p.116-25.

21. West, John B. Oxygen Enrichment of Room Air to Relieve the Hypoxia of

High Altitude.1996. p.225-32.

   

 

46  

 

LAMPIRAN 1 Ethical Clearance

   

 

47  

 

LAMPIRAN 2 Surat Lembaga Pemotongan Hewan

   

 

48  

 

LAMPIRAN 3

Hasil Penelitian

Hewan coba

ke

Perlakuan 6 Jam 12

Jam

18

Jam

24

Jam

1 Suhu kamar 23.34 22.11 10.15 0

Suhu dingin 30.30 20.54 15.35 0

2 Suhu kamar 26.32 22.18 17.54 0

Suhu dingin 28.22 20.22 11.34 0

3 Suhu kamar 25.48 20.26 0 0

Suhu dingin 29.15 17.11 0 0

4 Suhu kamar 27.42 24.11 0 0

Suhu dingin 20.22 16.10 0 0

5 Suhu kamar 24.42 20.15 11.10 0

Suhu dingin 27.57 17.15 10.09 0

6 Suhu kamar 28.44 20.33 16.17 0

Suhu dingin 25.41 19.31 12.31 0

7 Suhu kamar 26.17 20.12 11.21 0

Suhu dingin 43.21 32.19 15.41 0

8

9

Suhu kamar

Suhu dingin

Suhu kamar

24.09

30.29

27.18

19.15

25.16

25.12

13.57

0

16.11

0

0

0

10

Suhu dingin

Suhu kamar

Suhu dingin

32.15

22.07

29.02

21.11

19.31

20.37

11.05

10.08

09.17

0

0

0

   

 

49  

 

11 Suhu kamar 25.14 21.19 0 0

Suhu dingin 24.12 12.48 0 0

12 Suhu kamar 24.37 18.15 0 0

Suhu dingin 32.45 17.18 0 0

13 Suhu kamar 29.57 22.41 18.44 0

Suhu dingin 28.32 20.17 15.16 0

14 Suhu kamar 26.14 21.32 19.45 0

Suhu dingin 29.21 23.17 15.11 0

15 Suhu kamar 25.41 22.31 11.34 0

Suhu dingin 33.44 20.50 16.40 0

16 Suhu kamar 28.23 18.33 9.42 0

Suhu dingin 29.20 21.27 12.51 0

   

 

50  

 

LAMPIRAN 4 Hasil Pengolahan data SPSS Uji normaltias suhu kamar Explore

Descriptivesa

Statistic Std. Error

Mean 29.5175 1.22397

Lower Bound 26.9087 95% Confidence Interval for

Mean Upper Bound 32.1263

5% Trimmed Mean 29.2733

Median 29.1750

Variance 23.970

Std. Deviation 4.89589

Minimum 20.22

Maximum 43.21

Range 22.99

Interquartile Range 3.95

Skewness 1.058 .564

enamjam

Kurtosis 3.945 1.091

Mean 20.2519 1.08881

Lower Bound 17.9311 95% Confidence Interval for

Mean Upper Bound 22.5726

5% Trimmed Mean 20.0204

Median 20.2950

Variance 18.968

Std. Deviation 4.35523

Minimum 12.48

Maximum 32.19

Range 19.71

Interquartile Range 4.07

Skewness 1.120 .564

duabelasjam

Kurtosis 3.267 1.091

delapanbelasjam_trans Mean .7625 .13389

   

 

51  

 

Lower Bound .4771 95% Confidence Interval for

Mean Upper Bound 1.0479

5% Trimmed Mean .7798

Median 1.0490

Variance .287

Std. Deviation .53557

Minimum .00

Maximum 1.21

Range 1.21

Interquartile Range 1.18

Skewness -.835 .564

Kurtosis -1.407 1.091

a. duapuluhempatjam is constant. It has been omitted.

Tests of Normalityb

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

enamjam .187 16 .140 .888 16 .051

duabelasjam .220 16 .037 .898 16 .076

delapanbelasjam_trans .333 16 .000 .690 16 .000

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

b. duapuluhempatjam is constant. It has been omitted.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

52  

 

Uji  normalitas  suhu  dingin  

Explore  

Descriptivesa

Statistic Std. Error

Mean 25.8619 .49835

Lower Bound 24.7997 95% Confidence Interval for

Mean Upper Bound 26.9241

5% Trimmed Mean 25.8665

Median 25.8100

Variance 3.974

Std. Deviation 1.99342

Minimum 22.07

Maximum 29.57

Range 7.50

Interquartile Range 2.98

Skewness .045 .564

enamjam

Kurtosis -.300 1.091

Mean 21.0344 .48784

Lower Bound 19.9946 95% Confidence Interval for

Mean Upper Bound 22.0742

5% Trimmed Mean 20.9676

Median 20.7600

Variance 3.808

Std. Deviation 1.95138

Minimum 18.15

Maximum 25.12

Range 6.97

Interquartile Range 2.77

Skewness .481 .564

duabelasjam

Kurtosis -.112 1.091

Mean .8526 .12944 delapanbelasjam_trans

95% Confidence Interval for

Mean

Lower Bound .5767

   

 

53  

 

Upper Bound 1.1285

5% Trimmed Mean .8757

Median 1.0475

Variance .268

Std. Deviation .51777

Minimum .00

Maximum 1.29

Range 1.29

Interquartile Range .97

Skewness -1.143 .564

Kurtosis -.573 1.091

a. duapuluhempatjam is constant. It has been omitted.

Tests of Normalityb

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

enamjam .097 16 .200* .990 16 .999

duabelasjam .141 16 .200* .960 16 .662

delapanbelasjam_trans .343 16 .000 .701 16 .000

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

b. duapuluhempatjam is constant. It has been omitted.

   

 

54  

 

NPar Tests

Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

1. 6 jam suhu kamar dan 6 jam suhu dingin

Ranks

N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Negative Ranks 12a 9.42 113.00

Positive Ranks 4b 5.75 23.00

Ties 0c

enamjamsuhudingin -

enamjamsuhukamar

Total 16

a. enamjamsuhudingin < enamjamsuhukamar

b. enamjamsuhudingin > enamjamsuhukamar

c. enamjamsuhudingin = enamjamsuhukamar

Test Statisticsb

enamjamsuhudin

gin -

enamjamsuhuka

mar

Z -2.327a

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .020

a. Based on positive ranks.

b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

2. 12 jam suhu kamar dan 12 jam suhu dingin

Ranks

N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Negative Ranks 5a 9.40 47.00 duabelasjamsuhudingin -

duabelasjamsuhukamar Positive Ranks 11b 8.09 89.00

   

 

55  

 

Ties 0c

Total 16

a. duabelasjamsuhudingin < duabelasjamsuhukamar

b. duabelasjamsuhudingin > duabelasjamsuhukamar

c. duabelasjamsuhudingin = duabelasjamsuhukamar

Test Statisticsb

duabelasjamsuh

udingin -

duabelasjamsuh

ukamar

Z -1.086a

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .278

a. Based on negative ranks.

b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

3. 18 jam suhu kamar dan 12 jam suhu dingin

Ranks

N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Negative Ranks 3a 7.33 22.00

Positive Ranks 8b 5.50 44.00

Ties 5c

delapanbelasjamsuhudingin -

delapanbelasjamsuhukamar

Total 16

a. delapanbelasjamsuhudingin < delapanbelasjamsuhukamar

b. delapanbelasjamsuhudingin > delapanbelasjamsuhukamar

c. delapanbelasjamsuhudingin = delapanbelasjamsuhukamar

   

 

56  

 

Test Statisticsb

delapanbelasjam

suhudingin -

delapanbelasjam

suhukamar

Z -.978a

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .328

a. Based on negative ranks.

b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

4. 24 jam suhu kamar dan 24 jam suhu dingin

Ranks

N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Negative Ranks 0a .00 .00

Positive Ranks 0b .00 .00

Ties 16c

duapuluhempatjamsuhudingi

n -

duapuluhempatjamsuhukam

ar Total 16

a. duapuluhempatjamsuhudingin < duapuluhempatjamsuhukamar

b. duapuluhempatjamsuhudingin > duapuluhempatjamsuhukamar

c. duapuluhempatjamsuhudingin = duapuluhempatjamsuhukamar

Test Statisticsb

duapuluhempatj

amsuhudingin -

duapuluhempatj

amsuhukamar

Z .000a

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 1.000

a. The sum of negative ranks equals the

sum of positive ranks.

b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

   

 

57  

 

LAMPIRAN 5 Dokumentasi Penelitian

Keterangan : Pemotongan hewan yang dilakukan pada tempat pemotongan hewan.

Pemisahan kepala dari badan hewan coba dilakukan oleh pekerja ditempat

pemotongan hewan

Keterangan : Proses pembagian bronkus simetris kanan dan kiri

   

 

58  

 

c  

Keterangan : A= Mikroskop cahaya Olympus seri CX21FS1

B = Laptop

C = Video camera eye piece

 

B  

A  

C  

H  

G  

F  E  

D  

C  

B  

A  

   

 

59  

 

Keterangan : A = Spuit yang berisi NaCL 0,9%

B = Deck glass

C = Gunting

D = Object glass

E = Pinset bedah

F = Pisau scalpel

G = Tissue

H = Scrapper

   

 

60  

 

LAMPIRAN 6 Identitas Peneliti

Identitas

Nama : Kiel Pino Putra

NIM : G2A009138

Tempat dan Tanggal Lahir : Semarang, 22 Februari 1992

Jenis Kelamin : Laki-Laki

Alamat : Arya Mukti Timur 270

Nomor HP : 085640227070

e-mail : piino_kiiel@yahoo.com

Riwayat Pendidikan Formal

1.SD : SD Gayamsari 02-05, Lulus tahun 2003

2.SMP : SMP Negeri 3, Lulus tahun 2006

3.SMA : SMA Negeri 1, Lulus tahun 2009

4.FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun 2009