Dairy and Beef Dairy and Beef NutritionNutrition

Teacher: Prof. Doc., Ing. Čermák Bohuslav, CSc.

Jihočeská univerzita v Českých BudějovicíchZemědělská fakulta

Student: Ing. Ciobotaru Oana

Česke Budějovice2012

Ruminant livestock include cattle, Ruminant livestock include cattle, sheep, and goats. Ruminants are sheep, and goats. Ruminants are hoofed mammals that have a hoofed mammals that have a unique digestive system that unique digestive system that allows them to better use energy allows them to better use energy from fibrous plant material than from fibrous plant material than other herbivores. other herbivores.

INTRODUCTION

Chapter I Chapter I Nutrients for CattleNutrients for Cattle

The main components of food are water The main components of food are water and dry matter. The dry matter and dry matter. The dry matter consists of organic material and consists of organic material and inorganic material. inorganic material. 

Energy Energy Animals require energy for maintenance, Animals require energy for maintenance,

growth, work and for the production of milk and growth, work and for the production of milk and wool. Feeds are evaluated in terms of the wool. Feeds are evaluated in terms of the amount of energy an animal can obtain from amount of energy an animal can obtain from them. The digestible energy (DE) is the gross them. The digestible energy (DE) is the gross (total) amount of energy in the hay and grain (total) amount of energy in the hay and grain fed an animal less the amount lost in the feces. fed an animal less the amount lost in the feces. Energy is usually reported in megacalories Energy is usually reported in megacalories (Mcal) per kilogram. (Mcal) per kilogram.

ProteinsProteins

Proteins are composed of amino acids, which Proteins are composed of amino acids, which contain carbohydrates, nitrogen and sometimes contain carbohydrates, nitrogen and sometimes sulphur. Ten amino acids are essential to sulphur. Ten amino acids are essential to monogastrics, whereas ruminants only need a source monogastrics, whereas ruminants only need a source of nitrogen, or a poor quality protein, from which the of nitrogen, or a poor quality protein, from which the microbes in the rumen can then construct the essential microbes in the rumen can then construct the essential amino acids. Protein is absolutely essential for growth, amino acids. Protein is absolutely essential for growth, reproduction and maintenance in monogastrics and reproduction and maintenance in monogastrics and ruminants. Mature animals require less protein on the ruminants. Mature animals require less protein on the basis of percentage of the feed offered than young basis of percentage of the feed offered than young ones. Excess protein is utilized as an energy source. ones. Excess protein is utilized as an energy source. 

Minerals Minerals

The major minerals in cattle nutrition are The major minerals in cattle nutrition are calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, magnesium and potassium. They are magnesium and potassium. They are required at comparatively high levels required at comparatively high levels described as percent of diet or grams per described as percent of diet or grams per day. day. 

Vitamins Vitamins

These organic compounds are required These organic compounds are required in minute amounts by the body. They are in minute amounts by the body. They are essential to metabolism, and some must essential to metabolism, and some must be supplied in the feed of ruminants.be supplied in the feed of ruminants.

ChapterChapterIIII

The cow is our basic production unit and The cow is our basic production unit and most important employee of the beef enterprise. most important employee of the beef enterprise. To get the most out our production unit, let’s To get the most out our production unit, let’s review the job expectations and responsibilities the review the job expectations and responsibilities the cow has to fulfill if she wants to stick around. Our cow has to fulfill if she wants to stick around. Our expectations of our bovine employees are to expectations of our bovine employees are to maintain her bodyweight-body condition, deliver a maintain her bodyweight-body condition, deliver a live calf, start the rebreeding process promptly, get live calf, start the rebreeding process promptly, get pregnant, maintain her pregnancy, and nurse the pregnant, maintain her pregnancy, and nurse the calf that is already on her side until weaning. calf that is already on her side until weaning. That’s quite a load of tasks for one cow to That’s quite a load of tasks for one cow to accomplish.accomplish.

Feedstuffs Feedstuffs

ForagesForages Energy Concentrates (Grains and By-Energy Concentrates (Grains and By-

Product Feeds)Product Feeds) Protein SupplementsProtein Supplements

Lactation cycle phases with corresponding changes

in milk production, milk fat percentage, milk protein

percentage,DM intake, and body weight.

BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY

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““A herd health approach to dairy cow nutrition and production diseases of the transition cow A herd health approach to dairy cow nutrition and production diseases of the transition cow  ““F.J. MulliganF.J. Mulligan, , L. L. O’GradyO’Gradyaa, , D.A. D.A. RiceRicebb, , M.L. M.L. DohertyDohertyaa

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Dairy cattle feeding and management. HENDERSON, H. O; REAVES, P. M. West Virginia Univ., Dairy cattle feeding and management. HENDERSON, H. O; REAVES, P. M. West Virginia Univ., Morganstown, and Virginia Polytech. Inst., Blacksburg.Record Number 19540101857Morganstown, and Virginia Polytech. Inst., Blacksburg.Record Number 19540101857

Complete diets for cattle and sheep. Owen, J. B. Univ. Coll. of N. Wales, Bangor, UK. 1979 pp. Complete diets for cattle and sheep. Owen, J. B. Univ. Coll. of N. Wales, Bangor, UK. 1979 pp. 159pp. ISBN159pp. ISBN

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BucureştiBucureşti

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