DAMPAK LINGKUNGANVs.SAMPAH

Oleh:PM PSLP PPSUB Soemarno, 2011

PERMASALAHAN LINGKUNGAN AKIBAT SAMPAHKESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN/MASYARAKATKUALITAS LINGKUNGANFISIKO-KIMIAKUALITAS LINGKUNGANBIOLOGI

SAMPAH = BAHAN YANG TIDAK BERGUNASAMPAH = SUMBERDAYA EKONOMI

BUANGLAH SAMPAH PADA TEMPATNYA

KUMPULKAN SAMPAH PADA TEMPATNYA

PENCEMARAN UDARA AKIBAT SAMPAH

BAU BUSUK ASAP , BIO-GAS -BERBAHAYA1. Tetra kloro etilen & kloroform : Feto-toksik2. Benzene & Metil-etil-keton: Embrio-toksik3. Metilen-klorida, Kloro-benzene: Perkembangan janin4. CH4 ------ CO2 ------ H2CO3 NH3 ------ NH4NO3 Hujan Asam H2S ------ H2SO45. Bau Busuk sampah: Dampak emosional masyarakat

Kurva fungsional O & VIndeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 Visual Quality Heavy Moderate Clear pollution

KUALITAS UDARA: ODOR & VISUALsampahPleasant odorLacking odordisagreeable

Kurva fungsional (Microscale)Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 100 200 300 400 Rataan 24 jam ( g/m3)KUALITAS UDARA: PARTIKULAT sampah

Kurva fungsional (Microscale)Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Rataan 3 jam (06.00 - 09.00), ppmKUALITAS UDARA : HIDROKARBONsampah

Kurva fungsional (Microscale)Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 10 20 30 40 50 Konsentrasi 1 jam , ppmKUALITAS UDARA : CARBON MONOKSIDAsampah

Kurva fungsional (Microscale)Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 0.05 0.10 0.15 Annual average , ppm

KUALITAS UDARA : OKSIDA NITROGENsampah

SAMPAHDEKOMPOSISILINDI (LEACHATE)MENYUMBAT SALURAN AIRBOD - CODNITROGENFOSFAT

PENCEMARAN AIRBANJIR

SIKLUS KARBON CO2 UDARAC AnorganikC FitoplanktonC-organik soluble(Detritus)C ZooplanktonC SedimenC-organik suspend.(Detritus)SAMPAH

KISARAN DO DALAM AIR NORMAL: 7.1 - 14.6 ppmKurva fungsional DO

Indeks Kualitas1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 2 4 6 8ppm DO9 ppm : jenuhSampah

Kurva fungsional BOD

Indeks Kualitas1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.20.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 ppm BODwadukKUALITAS AIR: BODSungaiSampah

Kurva fungsional Kadar N-anorganik

Indeks Kualitas1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 1 2 4 6 8 10 ppm NKUALITAS AIR: N- ANORGANIKSampah

SIKLUS P DALAM PERAIRAN JaringantanamanJaringanbinatangDIPP-anorganik larutBatuan fosfatSEDIMEN JaringanBakteriPOP & DOPparticulate &dissolvedSAMPAH

Kurva fungsional Kadar P-anorganikIndeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 ppm PKUALITAS AIR: FOSFAT- ANORGANIKsampah

Kurva fungsional TURBIDITASIndeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Satuan Turbiditas Jackson

KUALITAS AIR: TURBIDITASsampah

Kurva fungsional ColiformIndeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 101 102 103 104 105 106 MPN/100 ml

KUALITAS AIR: COLIFORMsampah

Kurva fungsional Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 None Light Moderate Heavy Floating material

KUALITAS AIR: ODOR & FLOATING MATERIALsampahLacking odorNoticeableDisagreeable

Kurva fungsional Indeks Kualitas

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 Static Slow Moderate Whitewater Flow characteristics

KUALITAS ESTETIKA AIR: Water appearance sampahModerate turbidClearTurbid

GANGGUAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGANSAMPAHSAMPAHTIKUSLALAT, NYAMUKKECOAKCACINGMIKROBAVEKTOR / PATOGEN ----- GANGGUAN PENYAKIT

DAUR ULANG SAMPAH ANORGANIKKertas, kardus, karet, plastik, gelas, logam, dll BERNILAI EKONOMI Bahan baku proses produksi Produk XPRODUK X Bahan baku Proses produksi Produk YPRODUK Y

SAMPAH ORGANIKPENGOLAHAN PENGOMPOSANKOMPOSPAKAN TERNAK

MENGURANGI SUMBER SAMPAHRECYCLINGUSE & REUSEREKLAMASIPRODUCT CHANGESOURCE CONTROLINPUT MATERIAL CHANGEGOOD OPERATING PRACTICESTECHNOLOGY CHANGE

PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH

adalah pengumpulan , pengangkutan , pemrosesan , pendaur-ulangan , atau pembuangan dari material sampah.

Pengertian ini biasanya mengacu pada material sampah yg dihasilkan dari kegiatan manusia, dan biasanya dikelola untuk mengurangi dampaknya terhadap kesehatan, lingkungan atau keindahan.

Pengelolaan sampah juga dilakukan untuk memulihkan sumber daya alam .

Pengelolaan sampah bisa melibatkan zat padat , cair , gas , atau radioaktif dengan metoda dan keahlian khusus untuk masing masing jenis zat.

Sumber: http://duniarumah.blogspot.com/2010/10/apa-itu-pengolahan-sampah.html

Hierarchy of Waste Managementhttp://www.envirocentre.ie/Content.aspx?ID=96448806-bc07-4f5a-9e67-cb684d985609&PID=518accea-eec4-4cdf-b034-78ce58eacb4dThe EU concept of a waste management hierarchy, whereby waste prevention and re-use are viewed as the most desirable options for managing wastes with the least desirable option considered being landfill.

The overall intent of these policy statements is to move Irish waste management away from landfill into those options that feature in the upper echelons of the hierarchy.

DOMESTIC WASTES AND WATER POLLUTION

Domestic waste is classified as a point source of pollution, because the wastewater from homes and commercial establishments is often directly emitted into bodies of water. Domestic waste can vary from cleaning products, to household things used by regular people. These pollutants can pose a high risk on a large scale. When these domestic liter is mixed in with the clean environment, the pollution and our water can be combined into a very deadly mix. http://t3-1contaminant.blogspot.com/2010/03/introduction-water-is-essential-to-our.html

Effects of water pollution are the death of marine organisms in rivers and oceans (this may be due to lack of oxygen, destruction of habitat, not enough food, lack of sunlight, etc.). When our waters are polluted, this can threaten our living.

Many diseases will come with drinking unpure- water or swimming in toxic water. Such health problems may be blood disease, heart disease, nervous system disorders, diarrhea, skin lesions, and vomiting in humans. DOMESTIC WASTES AND WATER POLLUTIONhttp://t3-1contaminant.blogspot.com/2010/03/introduction-water-is-essential-to-our.html

Eutrophication occurs when large quantities of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates enter an aquatic environment. Sources of these nutrients include animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and sewage. The ecosystem quickly experiences an increase in photosynthetic and blue-green algae, as these organisms thrive in the presence of the added nutrients. An algae bloom occurs as the algae accumulates into dense, visible patches near the surface of the water, prohibiting light from penetrating deeper areas of lake or stream. Some fish are unable to survive without this light, but for them an even more serious problem arises when the algae begin to die.http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01590/pollution/eutrophication.html

CONTROLLING EUTROPHICATION

The following is a list of methods that can be used to control eutrophication:

planting vegetation along streambeds to slow erosion and absorb nutrientscontrolling application amount and timing of fertilizer controlling runoff from feedlotsresearching use of biological controls; for example, the process of denitrification uses specialized bacteria that convert nitrates to harmless molecular nitrogen

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WASSALAM !

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