DATABASE DEVELOPMENT DATABASE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

•TOP DOWNTOP DOWN–Large scale application driven by strategic objectives –General Specific–Organization-wide (“data management philosophy”)–“Industrial strength” DBMS required (e.g., Oracle, DB2, SQL Server)–Done well, captures global view and integrates data–Danger: “paralysis analysis”

•BOTTOM UPBOTTOM UP–Application-centric–Produces useful systems more quickly–Smaller DBMS such as M/S Access–Less risky, more user involvement–Danger: “stovepipes”

DATABASE DEVELOPMENT DATABASE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

• PROTOTYPING

Version 0

Test

Adapt

Improve

TOP DOWN DATABASE TOP DOWN DATABASE DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

Requirements

Analysis

Design

ImplementationDatabaseAdministration

EXTREME PROGRAMMINGEXTREME PROGRAMMING

•High speed waterfall approachHigh speed waterfall approach

•Component-based constructionComponent-based construction

•Build off “proof of concept”Build off “proof of concept”

EP MANIFESTOEP MANIFESTO

• Individuals and interactions over processes and tools.

• Working software over comprehensive documentation.

• Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.

• Responding to change over following a plan.

While there is value in the items on the right, EP values the items on the left more.

OVERVIEW OF EP PROJECTOVERVIEW OF EP PROJECT• User stories: written by stakeholders• Release planning meeting: which user stories will be

implemented and when• Iteration: code the stories (days, weeks vice months)

• Acceptance test: user accepts changes

EP FEEDBACK LOOPSEP FEEDBACK LOOPS

DATABASE REQUIREMENTS

• Identify Strategic Planning Factors– Goals, critical success factors, risk analysis

• Identify Corporate Planning Objects– Organizational stakeholders (Actors), business

functions (Processes), entities (Objects)

• Requirements Statements– Inputs and outputs from existing systems (manual and

computer)– INTERVIEW END USERS FOR FORMS, REPORTS AND

QUERIES

DB REQUIREMENTS ANALYSISDB REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS

• Develop conceptual data model (logical database design)– Entity-Relationship– Semantic Object Model (SOM)– UML

• Develop process models– Old way: data flow diagrams, process

decomposition– UML way: actor diagrams, use cases

ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

INVOICE

CUSTOMER

ORDER

EQUIPMENT

RAWMATERIAL

VENDOR

EMPLOYEE

PRODUCT

WORKCENTER

WORKORDER

Fulfills

Places Bills

ShipsRequests

Supplies

BuildsUses

Schedules

Works Assigned

ACTOR DIAGRAMIn fo rm a tion C onsum er

M arke t R esea rch M anager

M arke t R esea rch A na lys t

M arke t R esea rchS pec ia lis t

BusinessIntelligence Data

System

S ystem A dm in is tra to r

S ys tem D a tabaseA dm in is tra to r

Cendon

Tracking YellowPages Success

Files

ReceivablesM anagem ent

SystemDatabase

DecisionSupportSystem

Database

PublishingAdvertisingCustom erEnterpriseDatabase

Custom erCare

SytstemDatabse

BagelDatabase

S a les S ys tem sO pns S upport

F o recas ting A na lys t

P roduc t D eve lope r

M arketResearch

Data

G eocodedData Files

P roduc t S pec ia lis t

Claritas

N ationa l A ccoun tM anager

M arke ting D irec to r

P ric ing and P roduc tD eve lopm en t M anager

P roduc t M anagem en tM anager

P roduc t M anager

S a les D irec to r

S a les M anager N a tiona l M anager A na lys tS a les O pera tion

M anager

R eg iona l S a lesA na lys t

A d jus tm en t A na lys t

C red it A na lys t

C red it A na lys t

DATABASE DESIGN

• Logical design– Convert conceptual data model into a database schema of

normalized relations (tables)

• Physical design– Map normalized relations into actual tables– Establish indexes, keys, and file access methods– Implement referential integrity– Specify security, recovery and backup parameters

• Process design– User interfaces: menus, screens, reports– Functional design: detailed logic for each process

DB IMPLEMENTATION AND DB IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTINGTESTING

• Data– Populate database with data– Data cleansing

• Procedures– Program code– Implement user interfaces– Implement stored procedures

DATABASE ADMINISTRATION

• Maintain data integrity through execution of security, backup/recovery, and transaction procedures

• Monitor performance of database

• Establish procedures for identifying and ranking new requirements

DB PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

Project Definition:Queries and Reports

Data Model using E-R, SOM, or UML

Convert Data Model to M/S Access DB

Build Forms, Queries and Reports in M/S

Access

Test and Present

Populate with Data

Thesis…..?

REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS

DESIGN

IMPLEMENT AND TEST

MAINTENANCE