12 강 p. 166 Hackers Test 04

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1. 읽고 노트 테이킹 하기

In an attempt to reduce traffic congestion, legislators have suggested that congestion fees should be imposed on drivers who enter the city. However, this is not a good solution to the traffic problem.

Issue: congestion fee Thesis: X a good solution

To begin with, a congestion fee would hurt businesses in the city because fewer people would enter the city for shopping. Such a result occurred in the city of London after it instituted a congestion charge in 2003.

근거 1: hurt biz 세부사항 1: fewer ppl shop

London

Businesses within the fee zone immediately saw their sales fall. This policy would damage businesses whose customers have to enter the congestion fee zone.

근거 1: hurt biz 세부사항 1: fewer ppl shop

London: fee zone → sales ↓

Also, imposing a fee would put a financial burden on people with low incomes. People who have to commute to and from work every day would accumulate lots of fees over the course of a month.

근거 2: low-income ppl – $ burden 세부사항 2: lots of fees

This extra fee would create additional stress for working people who are already struggling

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financially.

근거 2: low-income ppl – $ burden 세부사항 2: lots of fees → stress

Additionally, a congestion fee would increase delivery expenses, and as a result, small businesses will suffer the consequences. For example, restaurants cannot receive all their supplies from a single delivery.

근거 3: ↑ delivery expenses 세부사항 3: small biz suffer

This means that products such as vegetables, grains, and meats not to mention napkins and other necessities arrive on different trucks. A fee would increase the cost a restaurant has to pay for each of these items

근거 3: ↑ delivery expenses 세부사항 3: small biz suffer

↑ cost for each item

2. 듣고 노트 테이킹 하기

Come on, we’ve all seen how busy the streets can be during rush hour, right? Well, something must be done about the problem. A good solution would be to introduce a congestion charge for drivers entering the city. It would reduce traffic while creating revenue for the city.

Issue: congestion fee Topic: good solution

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One criticism of imposing a fee has been that it would hurt businesses. This is simply untrue. You know, the case in London is ________________ because the city introduced its fee during an economic ______________.

반론 1: X hurt biz 세부 사항 1: London: misleading → recession

As a matter of fact, we know that sales volume had decreased both inside and outside the city during that period, but once the economy began to ______ again, ___ _____ sales.

반론 1: X hurt biz 세부 사항: London: misleading → recession

economy↑ → sales↑

What’s more, the financial burden would not fall on people with low incomes because most of them are ___________ using __________ transportations.

반론 2: X $ burden 세부 사항 2: already use public transport

Think about it….with parking fees, the cost of car maintenance and highway tolls…..hmm, are low-income people really going to drive?

반론 2: X $ burden 세부 사항 2: already use public transport

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Of course not….and the great thing about the fee is that it will __________ congestion so that buses can get these people to work more _______________.

반론 2: X $ burden 세부 사항 2: already use public transport congestion → get to work faster

Another thing is that it is unlikely that a fee would increase delivery expenses. Rather, a fee will encourage deliver companies to ____________ their deliveries and take more efficient routes.

반론 3: X ↑delivery cost 세부 사항 3: consolidate deliveries

Not only that, but less traffic congestion will lead to _____________ deliveries, so trucks will be able to reach more destinations per day. These factors would ____________ delivery prices.

반론 3: X ↑delivery cost 세부 사항 3: consolidate deliveries quicker deliveries → stabilize P

3. 관련 표현

~을 위한 시도로 in an attempt to/ in attempts to

~을 위한 노력으로 in an effort to/ in efforts to

부과하다 impose

강요하다 impose+목+전(upon/on) +명=impose one’s opinion on others

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시행하다 implement/carry out

불경기 recession /economic stagnation /economic crisis /slow economy

비용을 절약하다 save (on) expenses/costs

부담스러운 burdensome

~에게 부담을 입히다 put a burden on

재정적인 부담을 받다 financially burdened

가난한 사람들 people with low-income /low-income people / the poor

↓ traffic cut, reduce, lower /ease, alleviate traffic

↑ traffic increase, generate/ slow down/block, hold up, tie up, impede, obstruct traffic

4. 통합형 쓰기

읽기 주제 요약 The reading passage argues that ______________________________________ ________________________________________ 듣기 반박 In contrast, the lecturer mentions several points that contradict this argument

듣기 1번 반론 요약 First, the speaker argues that imposing a fee would not be

_______________ ________ ______________. 듣기 세부설명 요약 The lecturer points out that the congestion fee was implemented during an economic ____________________. This means that the decrease in sales was not caused by the ______________ _______ ___________. 읽기 1번 근거 요약 This casts doubt on the reading, which states that congestion fee would ______________ _______________ in the city.

듣기 2번 반론 요약 Second, according to the lecturer, people with low incomes would not

be _____________ ___________ by the congestion fee. 듣기 세부설명 요약 The poor are ___________ ___________ ________ ________________ in order to save on expenses. Furthermore, once the fee is instituted, traffic would be ___________________ and public transportation would be __________________. 읽기 2번 근거 요약 This refutes the reading passage’s assertion that the fee would be __________________ to low-income commuters.

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듣기 3번 반론 요약 The final point made by the lecturer is that a congestion fee would

_________ ______________ the cost of delivery expenses. 듣기 세부설명 요약 This is because companies would be able to _________________ their deliveries. In addition, less traffic would mean quicker deliveries and as a result, prices would _________________. 읽기 3번 근거 요약 These points rebuff the reading passage’s argument that a congestion fee would lead to __________________ ____________________ ________________.